365163733-NT

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I would like to thank to our lecturers for the valuable guidance and advice. They propelled us greatly to work in this project and ability to motivate us committed immensely to my assignment. A special gratitude I give to our Lecturer Mr.SuntharRajan, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to write my assignment. I have taken undertakings in this assignment. However, it might not have been possible without the kind backing and help of many man y individuals and organizations. o rganizations. I might want to develop my sincere s incere thanks to staff of ESOFT. I am highly indebted to for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the assignment & also for their backing in finishing the assignment.

I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to all of you. HND in Computing and Systems Development

A.SRIJASOTHAN HND in Computing and system development Batch No: 003 Trincomalee Brach Signature …………………(…………….)

A.SRIJASOTHAN A.SRIJASOTHAN [Network technology]

1

Table of contents Task 01:

There are many different network systems types and topologies available. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network systems types, topologies and suggest a suitable network topology for CALL

Lanka

(Pvt)

Ltd

networks

and

justify

your

answer.

(LO1.1)…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4

Task 02:

Provide a report on network related technologies and standards that would be employed to fulfill the requirements of CALL Lanka (Pvt) Ltd and discuss how they would impact on your solution (individually and / or collectively). (LO 1.2) ………….………………….. ………………………… 16

Task 03:

Describe the importance of different protocols in data communication. And discuss the roles of different protocols that you would have to employ in this solution and how they enable the effective utilization of your networking system. (LO 1.3)……...……………. ……………………………….28

Task 04:

Design a comprehensive network solution for the main and city center and explain how your design meets the requirements of CALL Lanka. (Pvt) Ltd. (LO 3.1) (M2.1) (3.4)……………………………………………………….………………………………………… 33

Task 05:

Critically discuss the role of software and hardware components that you would employ in this solution and how you would utilize them to create your new network infrastructure. (LO 2.1)……………………………………………….……………………………………………. 38


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Task 06:

Provide the different types of servers that you would have to utilize in this solution and comprehensively analyze and compare the different types of servers available in the market (based on the cost and benefits of them) them) and make the best selection. Justify your your answer. (LO 2.2) (M1.1) (D1.1)………………………..……………………………..... ……………………………………...46

Task 07:

Discuss how workstation hardware inter-dependent with network components in the performance of network. (LO 2.3)……………………..…………………………………………………………….. 50

Task 08:

Once the network gets up and running you need to keep a close eye on the performance and maintenance aspects of it. Therefore you are required to obtain the feedback of the users of the network resources in different aspects in order to stay updated. Design a feedback form to obtain the feedback of

users.

And

analyze

and

summarize

them.

(LO3.2)

(D1.1)……………………………………………….………………………………………………. 54

Task 09:

Record (with proper descriptions and screenshots where appropriate) your test results obtained in Activity 04 and analyze with the expected outputs. Evaluate your analysis. (LO4.3)………………………………………………………….………………………. …………..56

Task 10:

Discuss the enhancements that you would implement after a period of one year from the execution of the solution to improve the aspects including but not limited to bandwidth, Quality, security and scalability (LO 4.4)……………………………………………….. …………67

Task 11:

Design a comprehensive maintenance schedule including data backup, with the types of data that will be backup backup based on users. users. (LO 4.5)………………...………… 4.5)………………...……………………. …………. ………………………… …………………………70


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Task 01 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network systems types and topologies, and suggest a suitable network topology for Win soft (Pvt) Ltd networks and provide the reasons for your selection .

What is a Network?

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. Two very common types of networks include: 

Local Area Network (LAN)



Wide Area Network (WAN)

You may also see references to 

A Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)



A Wireless LAN (WLAN)



A Wireless WAN (WWAN)

Figure: 1.1 Ex lain lain of Com Com uter uter Netw Networ ork k A.SRIJASOTHAN A.SRIJASOTHAN [Network technology]

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Local Area Network A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building. Computers connected to a network are broadly categorized as servers or workstations. workstations. Servers are generally not used by humans directly, but rather run continuously to provide "services" to the other computers (and their human users) on the network. Services provided can include printing and faxing, software hosting, file storage and sharing, messaging, data storage and retrieval, complete access control (security) for the network's resources, and many others. Workstations are called such because they typically do have a human user which interacts with the network through them. Workstations were traditionally considered a desktop, consisting of a computer, keyboard, display, and mouse, or a laptop, with with integrated keyboard, display, and touchpad. With the advent of the tablet computer, and the touch screen devices such as iPad and iPhone, our definition of workstation is quickly evolving to include those devices, because of their ability to interact with the network and utilize network services. Servers tend to be more powerful than workstations, although configurations are guided by needs. For example, a group of servers might be located in a secure area, away from humans, and only accessed through the network. In such cases, it would be common for the servers se rvers to operate without a dedicated display or keyboard. However, the size and speed of the server's processor(s), hard drive, and main memory might add dramatically to the cost of the system. On the other hand, a workstation might not need as much storage or working memory, but might require an expensive display to accommodate the needs of its user. Every computer on a network should be appropriately a ppropriately configured for its use. On a single LAN, computers and servers may be connected by cables or wirelessly. Wireless access to a wired network is made possible by wireless access points (WAPs). These WAP devices provide a bridge between computers and networks. A typical WAP might have the theoretical capacity to connect hundreds or even thousands of wireless users to a network, although practical capacity might be far less. Nearly always servers will be connected by cables to the network, because the cable connections remain the fastest. Workstations which are stationary (desktops) are also usually connected by a cable to the network, although the cost of wireless adapters has dropped to the point that, when installing workstations in an existing facility with inadequate wiring, it can be easier and less expensive to use wireless for a desktop.


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Wide Area Network Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect networks in larger geographic areas, such as Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect this type of global network. Using a WAN, schools in Florida can communicate with places like Tokyo in a matter of seconds, without paying enormous phone bills. Two users a half-world apart with workstations equipped with microphones and a webcams might teleconference in real time. A WAN is complicated. It uses multiplexers, bridges, and routers to connect local and metropolitan networks to global communications networks like the Internet. To users, however, a WAN will not appear to be much different than a LAN.

Figure: 1.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of Network


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What is a Network Operating System? Unlike operating systems, such as Windows, which are designed for single users to control one computer, network operating systems (NOS) coordinate the activities of multiple computers across a network. The network operating system acts as a director to keep the network running smoothly. The two major types of network operating systems are: 

Peer-to-Peer



Client/Server

Figure: 1.3 Ex lain lain of netw networ ork k o erat eratin in s stem stem Arch Archit itec ectu ture re


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Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-peer network operating systems allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other computers. However, they do not have a file server or a centralized management source (See fig. 1). In a peer-to-peer network, all computers are considered equal; they all have the same abilities to use the resources available on the network. Peerto-peer networks are designed primarily for small to medium local area networks. Nearly all modern desktop operating systems, such as Macintosh OSX, Linux, and Windows, can function as peer-to-peer network operating systems.

Figure: 1.4 Explain of peer to peer Network OS Advantages of a peer-to-peer network:



Less initial expense - No need for a dedicated server.



Setup - An operating system (such as Windows XP) already in place may only need to be reconfigured for peer-to-peer operations.

Disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network:



Decentralized - No central repository for files and applications.



Security - Does not provide the security available on a client/server network.


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Client/Server

Client/server network operating systems allow the network to centralize functions and applications in one or more dedicated file servers (See fig. 2). The file servers become the heart of the system, providing access to resources and providing security. Individual workstations (clients) have access to the resources available on the file servers. The network operating system provides the mechanism to integrate all the components of the network and allow multiple users to simultaneously share the same resources irrespective of physical location. UNIX/Linux and the Microsoft family of Windows Servers are examples of client/server network operating systems. systems.

Figure: 1.5 Ex lain of of Client/se Client/server rver Network Network OS

Advantages of a client/server network:



Centralized - Resources and data security are controlled through the server.



Scalability - Any or all elements can be replaced individually as needs increase.



Flexibility - New technology can be easily integrated into system.



Interoperability - All components (client/network/server) work together.



Accessibility - Server can be accessed remotely and across multiple platforms.

Disadvantages of a client/server network:



Expense - Requires initial investment in dedicated server.



Maintenance - Large networks will require a staff to ensure efficient operation.



Dependence - When server goes down, operations will cease across the network.


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What is a Topology? The physical topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals. Physical topology should not be confused with logical topology which is the method used to pass information between workstations. Logical topology was discussed in the Protocol chapter. Bus-topology

In this type of topology, devices or nodes are connected to the same line or single cable & each computer system is connected to the single cable of bus & the information, which is transmitted across bus, is received by any system in the entire network. Star-topology

All the workstations are connected to a central computer or server in a point-to-point connection stream. In star topology, every node or peripheral is connected to a central node, which is called “Hub/Switch “via cables. Hub connects different nodes , which are present in the Star n/w, & it can manage or control c ontrol whole network. Ring – topology topology

The set of this topology is formed in circular fashion in which the data travels in one direction & the devices on the ring act as a repeater in the way to keep the signal strong. The backbone of ring topology ends at the starting node, which forms a ring. It is limited to the n /w’s that require high throughput. Mesh-topology

Each node is directly connected to all other nodes, which are present in the entire network. In this, each node, not only send its own data but also can broadcast the data from other nodes. This topology is very expensive just because of there are many needless connections & it is mainly used in wireless-connections. wireless-connections. Tree-topology

It attaches the features of Star & Bus-topology Bus -topology.. In this topology, a root node is connected to all other sub-level nodes, which are connected in hierarchically to the other sub-level nodes. The base of this topology topology is similar to the Bus & Star-topologies. Star-topologies. Hybrid-topology

In this type of topology, you can formulate two or more different topologies in a way to form a consequent topology. The combination of other topologies is formulated according to the requirement/need of the organization.


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Figure: 1.6 Explain of Topologies Strength

5-4-3 Rule A consideration in setting up a tree topology using Ethernet protocol is the 5-4-3 rule. One aspect of the Ethernet protocol requires that a signal sent out on the network cable reach every part of the network within a specified length of time. Each concentrator or repeater that a signal goes through adds a small amount of time. This leads to the rule that between any two nodes on the network there can only be a maximum of 5 segments, connected through 4 repeaters/concentrators. In addition, only 3 of the segments may be populated (trunk) segments if they are made of coaxial cable. A populated segment is one that has one or more nodes attached to it. In Figure 4, the 5-4-3 rule is adhered to. The furthest two nodes on the network have 4 segments and 3 repeaters/concentrators between them. NOTE: This rule rule does not apply apply to other network network protocols or or Ethernet networks networks where all fiber optic optic cabling or a combination of a fiber backbone with UTP cabling is used. If there is a combination of fiber optic backbone and UTP cabling, the rule would translate to a 7-6-5 rule. The speed of networking switches is vastly improved over older technologies, and while every effort should be made to limit network segment traversal, efficient switching can allow much larger numbers of segments to be traversed with little or no impact to the network.


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Considerations When Choosing a Topology Money.

A linear bus network may be the least expensive way to install a network; you do not have to purchase concentrators. concentrators. Length of cable needed.

The linear bus network uses shorter lengths of cable. Future growth.

With a star topology, expanding a network is easily done by adding another concentrator. Cable type.

The most common cable in schools is unshielded twisted pair, which is most often used with star topologies.

Figure: 1.7 Explain of Topologies Shape


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Conclusion A call center or call center is a centralized office used for the purpose of receiving or transmitting a large volume of requests by telephone. te lephone. An inbound call center is operated by a company to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from consumers. Outbound call centers are operated for telemarketing, solicitation of charitable or political donations, debt collection and market research. In addition to a call center, collective handling of letter, fax, live support software, social media and e-mail at one location is known as a contact center. A call center is operated through an extensive open workspace for call center agents, with work stations that include a computer for each agent, a telephone set or headset connected to a telecom switch, and one or more supervisor stations. It can be independently operated or networked with additional centers, often linked to a corporate computer network, including mainframes, microcomputers and LANs. Increasingly, the voice and data pathways into the center are linked through a set of new technologies called computer telephony integration. So I propose most suitable network system and topology in this project. Every information I submitted in under the paragraph for picture vise.

Figure: 1.8 Explain of winsoft Network Diagram

Figure: 1.9 Explain of winsoft Network Topology Diagram


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Task 02 Prepare a report on network related technologies and standards that would be employed to when implementing the network solution for Winsoft (Pvt) Ltd and discuss how they would impact on your solution (individually and / or collectively).

The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. The purpose of the OSI reference model mode l is to guide vendors and developers d evelopers so the digital communication products and software programs they create will interoperate, and to facilitate clear comparisons among communications tools.

Figure: 2.1 Explain of Open System Interconnection


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Physical Layer

This layer conveys the bit stream – electrical electrical impulse, light or radio signal through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on carrier, including defining cable, cards and physical aspects. In this layer, has been used tree topology and to connect each computers with server have been used cables and a hub. But here, central device is the hub. When data transferring for each computers use cables and internet service are controlled contro lled by routers. Mainly protocols are with physical layer components. The physical layer is hardware specific; it deals with the actual physical connection between the computer and the network medium. The medium used is typically a copper cable that utilizes electric curre nts for signaling. Data link Layer

At this layer, data packets are encoded enco ded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. Ethernet is the main data link layer in use. Every computer has switches and supply electronic through them. Also has been used bridge and WAP as central devices for data transferring in this layer. ISDN router, intelligent, hub NIC, advanced cable tester are the network components. The data link layer maintains the data link between computers to enable communications of Winsoft. Network Layer

This layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node. Router is the central device and IP, IPX and ICMP are protocols in data link layer. And router, frame relay device, ATM switch, advanced cable tester are the network components of o f network layer. Data is transferred through protocols using routers in Winsoft. Communication of computers. Each departments has been depend on network layer in Winsoft.


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Transport Layer

This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts and is responsible for end to end error recovery and flow control. Gateway, advance cable tester and router are the major network components of transport layer. TCP and UDP protocols are used on the internet. Typically, the transport layer can accept relatively large messages, but there are strict message size limits imposed by the network layer. Message transferring is the major activity in transport layer in Winsoft. Session Layer

This layer establishes, manages and terminates connection between applications. NetBIOS, sockets, named pipes and RPC are the protocols which are used in session layer and gateway is the major component here. At here manages who can transmit data at a certain time and for how long. The Session layer enables communication sessions to be established between processes or applications running on two different computers and establishes, maintains and terminates communication sessions between applications in Winsoft (pvt) Ltd. Presentation Layer

This layer provides independence from differences in data representation by translating from application to network format. And vice versa. At here, gateway and redirector are the network devices and JPEG/ ASCII/ EBDIC/ TIFF/ GIF and PICT P ICT are the protocols in presentation layer. All different formats from all sources are made into a common u niform format that the rest of the OSI model can understand. The presentation layer translates the formats of each computer to a common transfer format which can be interpreted by each computer.


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Application Layers

This application supports application end user processes. User applications are the centralized device in this layer and this layer provides application services for file transfers-mail, and other network software services. Telnet and FTP are applications that exist ex ist entirely in the application level. SMTP, POP3, IMAP and HTTP also can be used in this layer. Here, file transferring is the major activity in daily process in Winsoft.

Figure: 2.2 Explain of Application layer of OSI


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Router A router is is hardware device designed to receive, analyze and move incomin g packets to to another network. It may also be used to convert the packets to another network interface , drop them, them, and perform other actions relating to a network. The picture shows the Linksys Linksys BEFSR11 wireless router and is what many home routers resemble. A router has a lot more capabilities than other network devices, such as a hub or or a switch that that are only able to perform basic network functions. For example, a hub is often used to transfer data between computers or network devices, but does not analyze or do anything with the data it is transferring. By contrast, routers can analyze the data being sent over a network, change how it is packaged, and send it to another network or over a different network. For example, routers are commonly used in home networks to share a single Internet connection between multiple computers. Below are some additional examples of different types of routers used in a large network. •

Router

Short for Bridge Router, a Router is a networking device that serves as both a bridge and a router.

•

Core router

A core router is a router in a computer network that routes data within a network, but not between networks. •

Edge router

For information on an edge router, see our ou r edge device definition page. •

Virtual router

A virtual router is a backup router used in a VRRP setup. setup. Wireless router

Figure: 2.3 Some Types of Routers A.SRIJASOTHAN A.SRIJASOTHAN [Network technology]

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Switch A switch is a telecommunication device that joins multiple devices within one Local Area Network (LAN). Cisco manufactures different networking equipment and Cisco switches are widely used in networking for their high performance. A switch receives a message from any device connected to it and then transmits the message only to the device for which the message is targeted. A switch has a more efficient way of handling and transmitting data between multiple devices within a LAN. A switch can determine the target port for each frame and is intelligent and efficient. There are two types of switch – Managed Managed and Unmanaged. Here we will discuss the differences between the two types. The key difference between them lies in the fact that a managed switch can be configured and it can prioritize LAN traffic so that the most important information gets through. An unmanaged switch on the other hand behaves like a “plug and play” device. It cannot be con figured and simply allows

the devices to communicate with one another. a nother. Benefits of Managed Switch over Unmanaged Switch

Managed switches give you better control over your LAN tra ffic and offer advanced features to control the traffic. Managed switches have all the features of an unmanaged switch and additionally have the ability to configure, manage, and monitor your LAN. S o this helps you to monitor and decide who should have access to your network and gives you greater control over data flow through your network. But you cannot configure unmanaged switches as they do not support any configuration interface and options. They are like plug-and-play devices and you need to connect your computer or other network devices directly to the unmanaged switch. If there are no advanced applications needed, then unmanaged switches should be the best choice.

Figure: 2.4 Some Types of Switches


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Server In a technical sense, a server is an instance of a computer program that accepts and responds to requests made by another program; known as a client. a client. Less formally, any device that runs server software could be considered a server as as well. Servers Servers are used to manage manage network r esources. esources. For example, a user may setup a server to control access to a network, send/receive e-mail, manage print jobs, or host a website.

Some servers are committed to a specific task; often referred to as dedicated. As a result, there are a number of dedicated server categories, like print servers, file servers, network servers and database servers. However, many servers today are shared servers which can take on the responsibility of e-mail, DNS, FTP, and even multiple websites in the case of a web server. Because they are commonly used to deliver a services that are required constantly, most servers are never turned off. Consequently, when servers fail, they cause the network users or company many problems. To alleviate alleviate these issues, servers are are commonly commonly high-end high-end computers computers setup to be b e fault tolerant. Examples of servers There are many classifications of servers, below is a good example of the most common types of servers. •

Application server

•

Blade server

•

Cloud server

•

Dedicated server

•

Proxy server

•

Standalone server

•

Web server


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What is VOIP

VOIP is an acronym for Voice over Internet Protocol, or in more common terms phone service over the Internet. If you have a reasonable quality Internet connection you can get phone service delivered through your Internet connection instead of from your local phone company. Some people use VOIP in addition to their traditional phone service, since VOIP service providers usually offer lower rates than traditional phone companies, but sometimes doesn't offer 911 service, phone directory listings, listings, 411 service, or other common common phone services. How does VOIP work? A way is required to turn analog phone signals into digital signals that can be sent over the Internet. This function can either be included into the phone itself (See : VOIP Phones) or in a separate box like an an ATA . an ATA 1. VOIP Using an

Ordinary Phone ------ - ATA ------- Ethernet ---- Router ---- Internet ------ - VOIP Service Provider

an IP Phone 2. VOIP using an

IP Phone --------- Ethernet ----- Router ---- Internet ------ - VOIP Service Provider

3. VOIP connecting directly It is also possible to bypass a VOIP Service Provider and and directly connect to another VOIP user. However, if the VOIP devices are behind behin d NATr outers, outers, there may be problems with this approach.

IP Phone --------- Ethernet ----- Router ---- Internet ---- Router ---- Ethernet ------ - IP Phone

4. Applications using VOIP Traditional telephony applications, such as outbound call center applications and inbound IVR applications, normally can be run on VOIP.

5. Why use VOIP? There are two major reasons to use VOIP •

Lower Cost

•

Increased functionality


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Lower Cost

In general phone service via VOIP costs less than equivalent service from traditional sources. This is largely a function of traditional phone services either being monopolies or government entities. There are also some cost savings due to using a single network to carry voice and data. This is especially true when users have existing under-utilized network capacity that they can use for VOIP without any additional costs.

In the most extreme case, users see VOIP phone calls (even international) as FREE. While there is a cost for their Internet service, using VOIP over this service may not involve any extra charges, so the users view the calls as free. There are a number of services that have sprung up to facilitate this type of "free" VOIP call. Examples are: are : Free World Dialup an a nd Skype f or or a more complete list see: see: VOIP Service Providers

Increased Functionality

VOIP makes easy some things that are difficult to impossible with traditional phone networks. •

Incoming phone calls are automatically routed to your VOIP phone where ever you plug it into the network. Take your VOIP phone with you on a trip, and anywhere you connect it to the Internet, you can receive your incoming calls.

•

Call center agents using VOIP phones can easily work from anywhere with a good Internet connection.


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IP Telephone

The implementation of an IP telephone system in a business requires the use of a very specific type of phone: The IP Telephone.

IP Phones are sometimes called VoIP telephones, SIP phones or softphones. These are just different names for a device/software client that is designed to support the transmission of voice over the internet, or what is better known as VoIP (or Voice over Internet Protocol) technology. IP Telephones come in several types. Learn more about the different kinds of IP phones. The most popular IP Phones are supported by 3CX Phone System for Windows. Information on which IP Telephones are supported by the 3CX Phone System can be found on our support page. IP telephone system

An IP telephone system uses packet-switched Voice over IP (VoIP), or Internet telephony, to transmit telephone calls over the Internet as opposed to the circuit-switched telephony used by the traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Also known as VoIP phone systems, IP telephone systems typically comprise a VoIP private branch exchange (an IP PBX) and desktop VoIP phones (IP Phones) that connect to a VoIP service provider via a Local Area Network (LAN). One of the key advantages to IP telephone systems is that whereas long-distance calls on a regular phone system can be cost prohibitive, prohibitive, the same calls on on an IP phone system are free — there there are no fees beyond the cost of Internet access.


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Why choosing IP telephony?

IP telephony is a resource that allows you to transfer voice over the IP protocol, which results in cost reduction; – up up to 50% in domestic and international calls. Su Its simple implementation has enabled a constant c onstant evolution in terms of reliability range and presence in corporate environments. environments. Corporate use of IP telephony allows calls within the company to have a cost of 0, even when the company has branches in different locations. •

Icon-check Costs reduction by integrating the entire company telephone platform in the same system no matter if they are in the same location.

•

Icon-check Low-cost maintenance, the users themselves can configure their terminal according to the company needs.

•

Icon-check Real-time reports, control the service and optimize phone communications and available resources management.

•

Icon-check Greater functionality available than with traditional telephony.

•

Icon-check Centralized operation, operation, featuring a SER (Single Electronic Electronic Receptionist) in which every call enters via a single point and is routed to its destination, achieving better work time management.

•

Icon-check Mobility, any user can check their voice mail from the web or their own mail, a virtual office the can always rely on.

•

Icon-check Transfer, if a user is out of the office, the center can transfer the call directly to their cell phone, therefore avoiding time loss and improving efficiency. .

•

Icon-check Adaptabilility, the IP telephony service can be accessed from all kinds of devices, PDAs, wireless phones, cell phones among others.

•

Icon-check Wireless, by functioning over the IP protocol the boundaries set by expensive wiring can be completely removed, a method that cannot be implemented in standard telephony.


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Video Conferencing Equipment

Video Centric hold the UK’s l argest stock of video conferencing equipment for you to hire for any of

your meetings or events. Video Centric provide a hire service of video conferencing systems, cameras and interactive technologies for organizations wishing to hire equipment for a day, week, month or quarter. We hire out systems from all of the world’s leading video conferencing vendors – Cisco,

Polycom, Life-size and more – which which can also be provided with an expert video engineer to help set up, install, administer and remove at the end of the hire period. Video Centric also provide hire of SMART Boards, SMART Podiums, SMART Kapp IQ boards, video conferencing PTZ cameras and LCD displays for events, training sessions or any short term hire requirements. Some of the video equipment available to hire includes the products below, subject to current hire stock, however do give us a call to discuss your event or needs – we may have other available hire equipment that could be better suited, or be able to provide you with a tailored solution based upon your specific specific needs. Wireless Equipment.

We can help you set up your wireless network and help you to avoid the costly infrastructure costs associated with wired networks. Equipment supporting 802.11b (2.4GHz) can travel up to 91 meters indoors, and are rated up to 11 Mbps, though our experience has been that the maximum effective throughput is only around 5Mbps. Equipment supporting the new 802.11a (5GHz) has an even longer distance capability, and is rated up to 54 Mbps, though our experience has been that a maximum effective throughput is only around 28 Mbps (even in burst mode).


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Here is how it works External Connection to the Internet

You can connect to the external internet through a Cable Modem line, DSL, or dedicated line (T1-T3). Wireless Router

We can install a wireless router anywhere on your network. This router has a hard-wired link to the network, and can be directly connected to the Cable Modem or DSL modem. This unit broadcasts to wireless components on the LAN (servers, workstations, printers, etc.). This unit can also serve as a DHCP allocator as well. Units like the Linksys wireless router have a built in firewall that we configure through a web interface. Units like the Delink also have a built in print server. Wireless Access Points

We can install a wireless network connection to almost any device. If a component has a USB port, we can use that, or we can connect to an existing Ethernet port as well. For laptops we can use a PCMCIA card for laptops that fits right in your Type II P CMCIA slot. We can connect USB wireless access points to printers as well, designating one of the servers/workstations to act as a print server. Security

We can configure your WLAN to be encrypted, e ncrypted, which makes it harder for others to "listen in" on your wireless LAN traffic. We couple that with other security measures since Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is intended to keep transmission private and not to restrict access to the network. The 802.11a devices can use 152-bit encryption, but still needs vendor enhancements to keep transmissions private. Be sure to select a vendor like ACE that understands the difference between what measures like WEP are supposed to do, and what they really r eally do. Your business depends on it.


26

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

A local area network, or or LAN, provides LAN, provides the nodes connected connected to it with direct (Layer 2) access to one another. It is usually comprised of one or more Ethernet more Ethernet switches. switches. Computers on different LANs talk to each other using Layer using Layer 3 (IP), ( IP), via a router. a router.A A virtual LAN (VLAN) abstracts the idea of the LAN; A VLAN might comprise a subset of the ports on a singl e switch or subsets of ports on multiple switches. By default, systems on one VLAN don't see the traffic associated with systems on other VLANs on the same network.

VLANs allow network administrators to partition their networks to match the functional and security requirements of their systems without having to run new cables or make major changes in their current network infrastructure. infrastructure . IEEE 802.1Q 802.1Q is the standard defining VLANs; the VLAN identifier or tag consists of 12 bits in the Ethernet frame, creating an inherent limit of 4,096 VLANs on a LAN.

Ports on switches can be assigned to one or more VLANs, allowing systems to be divided into logical groups -- e.g., based on which department they are associated with -- and rules to be established about how systems in the separate groups are allowed to communicate with each other. These can range r ange from the simple and practical (computers in one VLAN can see the printer on that VLAN, but computers outside that VLAN cannot), to the complex and legal (e.g., computers in the trading departments cannot interact with computers in the retail banking departments


27

Task 03 Discuss the roles of different protocols that you would have to employ in this solution and how they enable the effective utilization of your networking system. In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. A computer communication protocol is an agreement that specifies a common language two computers use to exchange messages. It defines communication precisely. Every LAN has a topology, or the way that the devices on a network are arranged and how they communicate with each other. Protocols exist at several levels of the OSI layers model. On the internet, there is a suite of protocols known as TCP/IP protocols that are consisting of transmission control protocol, internet protocol, file transfer protocol, dynamic host configuration protocol, protocol, Border gateway protocol protocol and a number of other protocols. protocols. Internet Protocol

A key communication protocol used in the internet is called, the Internet Protocol. Usually abbreviated IP. Each computer that connects to the internet must follow the Internet Protocol. IP specifies exactly how a packet must be formed, and how a router must forward each packet on toward its destination. Data packets are called IP Datagrams. A datagram travels across the Internet independent of the sender. To make datagram routing and delivery possible, each computer attached to the internet is assigned a unique address called as Internet address, often abbreviated IP address. Transmission Control Protocol

TCP controls how information gets transmitted in packets over the Internet. By doing this, TCP makes the Internet more reliable. TCP solves several problems in packet switching. If a router becomes overrun with datagrams it must discard them. Due to this reason some datagrams might be lost during transmission. It is the TCP that handles this problem of data loss by automatically checking for and resending the lost datagrams. Another problem is some datagrams arrive in a different order than they were sent. TCP automatically checks incoming datagrams and put in order. TCP checks for duplicate datagrams and discard them.


28

TCP and IP work together

TCP handles the problems that IP does not handle without duplicating the work that IP does. TCP and IP are so important and work together so well that the entire set of communication protocols the Internet uses is known as the TCP/IP protocol suite. TCP/IP is also used on many local area networks. IP does not make physical connections between computers but relies on TCP for this function. IP is also used in conjunction with other protocols that create connections. File Transfer Protocol

FTP is a standard way to copy files from one location. For many reasons Winsoft(pvt) Ltd transfer a file one computer to another over a network. They transfer file to each department using file transfer protocol. Loan department, saving department, pawning department and leasing department transfer important files through the protocol. More generally, it provides for some simple file management on the contents of a remote computer. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

“HTTP

defines

how

messages

are

formatted

and

transmitted,

and

what

actions Web

servers and browsers should take in response to various commands”. A HTTP client establishes a connection with a server HTTP server and sends the server HTTP request, the server returns HTTP response. When the response is received, the connection is terminated. Mail protocols POP3 and SMTP

Email requires its own set of protocols and there is a variety, both for sending and for receiving mail. The most common protocol for sending mail is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). When configuring email clients, an Internet address for an SMTP server must be entered. The most common protocol used by PCs for receiving mail is Post Office Protocol (POP). It is now in version 3 so it is called POP3. Email clients require an address for a POP3 server before they can read mail. The SMTP and P OP3 servers may or may not be the same address. Both SMTP and POP3 use TCP for managing the transmission and delivery of mail across the Internet. A more powerful protocol for reading mail is Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP). This protocol allows for the reading of individual mailboxes at a single account and is more common in business environments. IMAP also uses TCP to manage the actual transmission of mail.Winsoft (pvt) Ltd uses these POP3 and SMTP for their mailing process in the each department and out of the department including the whole environment.


29

UDP and ICMP

Another member of the TCP/IP suite is User Datagram Protocol (UDP). This protocol is used together with IP when small amounts of information are involved. It is simpler than TCP and lacks the flowcontrol and error-recovery functions of TCP. Thus, it uses fewer system resources. A different type of protocol is Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). It defines a small number of messages used for diagnostic and management purposes. It is also used by Ping and Trace route. VoIP Protocols

Like every other aspect of Internet communications, VoIP has evolved rapidly since its introduction in 1995, and continues to evolve today. The standards show the influence of their creators: the traditional telecommunications players, the Internet community, and the communications equipment manufacturers such as Cisco and 3Com. In rough chronological order of introduction, the most widely used VoIP systems are: Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the Internet Engineering H.323 Developed by the International Telecommunications Task Force (IETF) MGCP (Megaco) Developed by Cisco as an alternative to H.323

a n alternative to H.323 SIP Developed by 3Com as an SKINNY

A Cisco proprietary system allowing skinny s kinny clients to communicate with H.323 systems, by off-loading some functions to a Call Manager. Each of these approaches involves the use of multiple protocols. In the sections below, we split these software tools into three groups: Signaling protocols, Media protocols, and Codecs. The media protocols (RTP and RTCP) RTCP) are common to all types types of VoIP, and the codecs codecs are also widely widely used. The principle distinction distinction between between one VoIP VoIP setup and another another is their their use of signaling protocols and related devices or functions, such as Gateways and Gatekeepers.


30

Task 04 Design a comprehensive network solution for the main and city center and explain how your design meets the requirements of Winsoft(pvt). Colombo Call Center 

1st Floor: o

Reception Area

o

Marketing Department (10 employees)

o

GM’s Room

o

Accounts Department (08 employees)

o

Customer Interview Area – with with Wi-Fi facilities

SCHREEN Shot 4.1 Winsoft 1st Floor


31

Explain of Floor 01

In this Floor 1, we needs 1 router, 3 switches, 20 PCs, Access Point, Wireless End Device and Wi-Fi connection. Theoretical Router connected to switch 1, and in that switch 2 receptions pcs are connected and also one pc (GM’s) also connection in the same switch. Switch2 connected to switch1 in that switch2 there are 10 PCs are connected for Marketing Department. Switch3 connected to switch1 for Accounts Department. And 8 PCs are connected in Wi-Fi for Customer Consultation Room. The learner suggests passive hubs for all departments, because they are a re very ver y speed. It is better to use switches because Winsoft(pvt) is a financial institution. Lastly here we are using access point, it is for connecting Wireless end device; this device using for connecting wireless device for this network. Here switch to switch connection using copper- cross over cable, router to switch and switch to pc connection using copper- straight through cable. Purpose of this cross cable is RX (receiving terminal) connects to TX (transmitting) of one pc to another PC and vice versa.


32

2nd Floor

Calling Center for USA clients - 150 computers compu ters

o

o

Video conferencing room

o

Training Center with 50 computers

SCHREEN Shot 4.2 Winsoft 2nd Floor 2nd Floor need •

2 Switch

•

2 IP phone

•

1 Router

•

2 WirelessEndDevices WirelessEndDevices

•

1 Access Point

Two choices when it comes to choosing the technology for your connection cable. Copper or Fiber Optic. This is true for low bandwidth audio especially when the distance is short. router to switch, switch to IP phone cross over cable, router to Access Access point using straight through through cable and switch to video video conference room using fiber optical cable for purpose of high data transmission and access point use for connecting wireless devices. This subject has been debated since the introduction of optical and coaxes digital audio connections and it is believed that both are comparable, that choosing one over the other does not affect the audio quality.


33



3rd Floor o

Calling Center for UK clients - 120 computers

o

Auditorium – with with Wi-Fi facilities

o

The Server Room with the IT team

SCHREEN Shot 4.3 Winsoft 3nd Floor

Here router to switch, switch to (pc, access point) used straight through cable, switch to server fiber optical cable used and access acc ess point use for connecting wireless devices. In this third floor server And Server Room, Calling center, Auditorium. Server connected to switch Fiber Optical cable reason high rate data transmission and network administrator pc also connected to same switch. There is a Conference Hall in that Hall there are allocation of 150 persons in that hall all PCs are Network in Wi-Fi connection.


34

When provide internet connection to other departments can be used Wi-Fi. User should connect to the server and it can be b e used internet connection through cable or via W-Fi. But it is better, b etter, if provide internet connection via Wi-Fi for other departments. For access the internet this is better solution for Winsoft(pvt) Ltd. But they can use Bluetooth connection for file sharing in the company. When computers are linked together via Wi-Fi, they can share printers and files. To access other computers via Wi-Fi, have to set up a workgroup using windows.

SCHREEN Shot 4.4 Winsoft 3nd Floor

When provide internet connection to other departments can be used Wi-Fi. User should connect to the server and it can be used internet connection through cable or via W-Fi. But it is better, if provide internet connection via Wi-Fi for other departments. Router to switch, switch to (pc, access point) used straight through cable, switch to server fiber optical cable used and access point use for connecting wireless devices. In this third floor server And Network Network Administrator, conference Hall. For access the internet internet this is better solution for Winsoft (pvt) Ltd. But they can use Bluetooth connection for file sharing in the company. Server connected to switch Fiber Optical cable cable reason high rate data transmission transmission and network administrator pc also connected to same switch. There is a Conference Hall in that Hall there are allocation of 150 persons in that hall all PCs are Network in Wi Wi-Fi -Fi connection.


35

Kandy branch 1st floor

SCHREEN Shot 4.5 Kandy 1st Floor

In this Floor 1, we needs 1 router, 3 switches, 123 PCs, Access Point, Wireless End Device Wi-Fi connection and ip phones. here we are using access point, it is for connecting Wireless end device; this device using for connecting wireless device for this network. Here switch to switch connection using copper- cross over cable, router to switch and switch to pc connection using copper- straight through cable. Purpose of this cross cable is RX (receiving terminal) connects to TX (transmitting) of one pc to another PC and vice versa.


36

2nd Floor

SCHREEN Shot 4.6 Kandy 2nd Floor

In this 2nd floor the Auditorium computer using fiber optical cable and Wi-Fi connection.

There are two choices when it comes to choosing the technology for our connection cable. Copper or Fiber Optic. This subject has been debated since the introduction of optical and coaxes digital audio connections and it is believed that both are comparable, that choosing one over the other does not affect the audio quality. This is true for low bandwidth audio especially when the distance is short.

Here router to switch, switch to IP IP phone cross over cable, router router to Access point using crossover through cable and switch to video conference room using fiber optical cable for purpose of high data transmission and access point use for connecting wireless devices.


37

Task 05 Critically discuss the role of software and hardware components that we would employ in this solution and how we would utilize them to create your new network infrastructure. I select Windows Server 2016 for Call Lanka private limited. Windows Server 2016 is a server serve r operating system developed developed by by Microsoft as part of the the Windows NT f amily amily of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows with Windows 10. The first early preview version (Technical Preview) became available on October 1, 2014 together with the first technical preview of o f System Center. Unlike previous Windows Server versions, which were released simultaneously with the client operating system, Windows Server 2016 was released on September 26, 2016 at Microsoft's Ignite conference and became generally available on October 12, 2016. Features

Windows Server 2016 has a variety of new features, including •

Active Directory Federation Services: It is possible to configure AD FS to authenticate users stored in non-AD directories, such as X.500 compliant Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directories and SQL databases.

•

Windows Defender: Windows Server Antimalware is installed and enabled by default without the GUI, which is an installable Windows feature.

•

Remote Desktop Services: Support for for OpenGL 4.4 4.4 and and OpenCL 1.1, 1.1, performance and stability improvements; Multipoint Services role (se e Windows Multipoint Server)

•

Storage Services: Central Storage Qu’s Policies; Storage Replicas (storage -agnostic, block-

level, volume-based, synchronous and asynchronous replication usin g SMB3between SMB3between servers for for disaster recovery). Storage recovery). Storage Replica replicates blocks instead of files; files can be in use. It's not multi-master, not one-to-many and not transitive. It periodically replicates snapshots, and the replication direction can be changed. Failover Clustering: Cluster operating system rolling upgrade, Storage Replicas •

Web Application Proxy: Preauthentication for HTTP Basic a pplication publishing, wildcard domain publishing of applications, HTTP to HTTPS redirection, Propagation of client IP address to backend applications a pplications

• •

IIS 10: Support for for HTTP/2 Windows PowerShell 5.1


38

Networking features •

DHCP: As Network Access Protection was deprecated in Windows Server 2012 R2, in Windows Server 2016 the DHCP role no longer supports NAP

•

DNS client: Service binding – enhanced enhanced support for computers with more than one network interface

•

DNS Server: DNS policies, new DDS record types (TLSA, SPF, and unknown records), new PowerShell cmdlets and parameters

•

Windows Server Gateway now supports support s Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) ( GRE) tunnels

•

IP address management (IPAM): (IPAM): Support for /31, /32, and /128 subnets; discovery of file-based, domain-joined DNS servers; new DNS functions; better integration of DNS, DHCP, and IP Address (DDI) Management

•

Network Controller: A new server role to configure, manage, monitor, and troubleshoot virtual and physical network devices devices and services in the datacenter datacenter

•

Hyper-V Hyper-V Network virtualization: Programmable Hyper-V switch (a new building block of Microsoft's Microsoft's software-defined networking solution) s olution);; VXLAN encapsulation encapsulation support; Microsoft Software Load Balancer interoperability; better IEEE Ethernet standard compliance.

Hyper-V •

Rolling Hyper-V cluster update: Unlike upgrading clusters from Windows 2008 R2 to 2012 level, Windows Server 2016 cluster nodes can be added to a Hyper-V Cluster with nodes running Windows Server 2012 R2. The cluster continues to function at a Windows Server 2012 R2 feature level until all of the nodes in the cluster have been upgraded and the cluster functional level has been upgraded.

•

Storage quality of service (Qu’s) to centrally monitor end -to-end storage performance and create

policies using Hyper-V Hyper-V and Scale-Out File Servers •

New, more efficient binary virtual machine configuration format (.VMCX extension for virtual machine configuration data and the .VMRS extension for runtime state data)

•

Production checkpoints

•

Hyper-V Manager: Alternate credentials support, down-level management, WSManagement protocol

•

Integration services for Windows guests distributed through Windows Update

•

Hot add and remove for network adapters (for generation 2 virtual machines) and memory (for generation 1 and generation 2 virtual machines)

•

Linux secure boot


39

Installation options



Both Standard and Datacenter editions offer three installation options:



Server Core: reduces the space required on disk, the potential attack surface, and especially the servicing requirements. This is the recommended option unless you have a particular need for additional user interface elements and graphical management tools.



Server with Desktop Experience: installs the standard user interface and all tools, including client experience features that required a separate installation in Windows Server 2012 R2. Server roles and features are installed with Server Manager or by other methods.



Nano Server: is a remotely administered server operating system optimized for private clouds and datacenters. It is similar to Windows Server in Server Core mode, but significantly smaller, has no local logon capability, and only supports 64-bit applications, tools, and agents. It takes up far less disk space, sets up significantly faster, and requires far fewer updates and restarts than the other options.


40

Systematic Details in Table vise Supported Server



Windows Server 2016

Operating Systems:



Windows Server 2012 R2

Supported Database Server:



Microsoft SQL Server 2016 RTM



The 64-bit edition of SQL Server 2014 with Service Pack 1 (SP1)

SQL Analysis Services must also be installed if you are using the Cube Building Service in Project Server 2016.

Supported browsers:



Microsoft Edge



Microsoft Internet Explorer 11



Microsoft Internet Explorer 10



Google Chrome (latest released version)



Mozilla Firefox (latest released version plus immediate previous version)



Version

Apple Safari (latest released version)

Compatible with

Project Server

•

Project Professional 2016

2016

•

Project Online Desktop Client

Project Server

•

Project Professional 2013 Project Professional 2016

2013

•

Project Online Desktop Client

•

Project Server

•

Project Professional 2013 Project Professional 2010

2010

•

Project Professional 2007 with Service Pack 2

•

Project Professional 2007 with Service Pack 2 can only connect if Backwards Compatibility is enabled on Project Server 2010


41

Systematic Details Continue…..

Component

Requirement

All domain controllers in the forest need to be running one of the following: Domain

•

Windows Server 2016 Standard or Datacenter

controllers

•

Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard or Datacenter

•

Windows Server 2012 Standard or Datacenter

•

Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard or Enterprise

•

Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter RTM or later

•

Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise, or Datacenter

Active Directory forest

The Active Directory forest functionality level needs to be at Windows Server 2008 or higher. Exchange 2016 supports the following domain name system (DNS) namespaces: •

•

DNS namespace support

Contiguous Noncontiguous

•

Single label domains

•

Disjoint

For more information about DNS namespaces supported by Exchange, see Microsoft Knowledge Base article 2269838 , Microsoft Exchange compatibility with Single Label Domains, Disjoined Namespaces, and Discontinuous Namespaces.

IPv6 support

In Exchange 2016, IPv6 is supported only when IPv4 is also installed and enabled. If Exchange 2016 is deployed in this configuration, and the network supports IPv4 and IPv6, all Exchange servers can send data to and receive data from devices, servers, and clients that use IPv6 addresses. For more information, see see IPv6 support in Exchange 2013.


42

Systematic Details Continue….. Component

Requirement



Processor



Notes

x64 architecture-based computer with Intel processor that supports Intel o 64 architecture (formerly known as o Intel EM64T) o AMD processor that supports the AMD64 platform



Paging file size

installed: •

Mailbox 8GB minimum

•

Edge Transport 4GB minimum

The page file size minimum and maximum must be set to physical RAM plus 10MB, to a maximum size of 32,778MB (32GB) if you're using more than 32GB of RAM. •

At least 30 GB on the drive on which you install Exchange

•

See the "Operating system" section later in this topic for supported operating systems.

Intel Itanium IA64 processors not supported

Varies depending on Exchange roles that are Memory

For more information, see see Sizing Exchange 2016 Deployments.


None


An additional 500 MB of available disk space for each Unified Messaging (UM) language pack that you plan to install

Disk space •

200 MB of available disk space on the system drive

•

Drive Screen resolution

A hard disk that stores the message queue database on with at least 500 MB of free space.

DVD-ROM drive, local or network accessible

None

1024 x 768 pixels or higher

None


43

Disk partitions formatted as NTFS file systems, which applies to the following partitions: •

System partition

•

Partitions that store Exchange binary files or files generated by Exchange diagnostic logging

File format

Disk partitions containing the following types of

None

files can be formatted as REFS: •

Partitions containing transaction log files

•

Partitions containing database files

•

Partitions containing content indexing files

Exchange version

Exchange organization coexistence

Exchange 2007 and earlier versions

Not supported

Exchange 2010

Exchange 2013

Supported with Update Rollup 11 for Exchange 2010 SP3 or later on all Exchange 2010 servers in the organization, including Edge Transport servers. Supported with Exchange 2013 Cumulative Update 10 or later on all Exchange 2013 servers in the organization, including Edge Transport servers.

Supported with the following minimum versions of Exchange: •

Update Rollup 11 Exchange 2010 SP3 or later on all Exchange 2010 servers in the organization, including Edge

Mixed Exchange 2010 and Exchange 2013 organization

Transport servers. •

Exchange 2013 Cumulative Update 10 or later on all Exchange 2013 servers in the organization, including Edge Transport servers.


44

Task 06 Provide the different types of servers that you would have to utilize in this solution and comprehensively analyze and compare the different types of servers available in the market (based on the cost and benefits of them) and make the best selection. Justify your answer. What is a server?

device on a network a network that manages network resources. There resources. There are many different “A computer or device types of servers”. According to (Beal,2016) Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given a unique address made up of a series of four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods. Web Server

At its core, a Web a Web server serves static content to a Web browser Web browser by by loading a file from a disk and serving it across the network to a user's Web browser. This entire exchange is mediated b y the browser and server talking to each other using HTTP. using HTTP. Mail Server

A mail server usually consists of a storage area where e-mail is stored for local users, a set of user definable rules which determine how the mail server should react to the destination of a specific message, a database a database of of user accounts that the mail server recognizes and will deal with locally, and communications modules which are the components that actually handle the transfer of messages to and from other mail servers and email clients. c lients. There are free and open source email server products such as Citadel, hMailServer, SmarterMail, Apache James and Axigen. Among them hMailAerever and SmarterMail are supported to Windows only. Apache James and Axigen are cross-platform. Citadel and Zarafa are the Linux- only.


45

Comparison among the mail servers hMail

server is unlimited use and it is easy to install and configure. Also it is flexible codes run on most Windows versions. As disadvantages of hmail server, lack of native mobile and Web support can be identified. Citadel

Easy to install and there are no limits on users and it is small foot print. But it may not no t scale well for larger organizations. Apache James

Mailets provide modular design and flexibility and there is no GUI in Apache James mail server. Axigen

is the cross- platform and there is a great user interface. Axigen is easy to install and includes help features. It provides free version limited to 100 users. Zarafa

comprehensive mobile support and pleasing user interface. There The re is a LDA integration. Community edition somewhat lacking in features and installation quite a few prerequisites. SmarterMail

nice user interface and god support for mobile mail and this is informative tutorials. It will be occurred some security issues in Open Source mail servers. Therefore SmarterMail server is best one for the Winsoft. ViUX TM is an authorized lease reseller of SmartMail licenses, which provide a low cost point of entry to Microsoft Exchange level features for as little as $ per month. Unlimited Unlimited Mailboxes price is $100.


46

Application Server

An application server is typically used for complex transaction-based applications. To support high-end needs, an application server has to have built-in redundancy, redundancy, monitor for highavailability, high-performance distributed application services and support for complex database access. FTP Server

It works on one of the oldest of the Internet services, the file transfer protocol. It provides a secure file transfer between computers while ensuring file security and transfer control. Proxy Server

It acts as a mediator between a client program and an external server to filter requests, improve performance and share connections. Database Server

Database server is the term used to refer to the back-end system of a database application using client/server using client/server architecture. Real time communication Server

Real-time communication servers, formerly known as chat servers or IRC Servers, and still sometimes referred to as instant as instant messaging (IM) servers, enable large numbers users to exchange information near instantaneously. Fax server

It is one of the best options for organizations that seek minimum incoming and outgoing telephone resources, but require to fax actual documents. Fax server is essential component for Winsoft because they need to fax some document to some companies or their clients. Here these sending, receiving or distributing faxes over the network. ne twork. Here a fax server is equipped with one fax modem and which is plugged phone line. A fax server is connected to the LAN and it can communicate co mmunicate with the computers in the network.


47

Chatting server

It serves the users to exchange data in an environment similar to Internet newsgroup which provides real-time discussion capabilities. Printer server

A print server is a software application, network device or computer that mana ges print requests and makes printer queue queue status information available to end users and network administrators. Open Source Server

From your underlying open underlying open source server operating system to the server software that help you get your job done, open source software is a critical part of many IT many IT infrastructures. xammp -

Cost

-

Purpose

-

Oss requirements

-

Bandwidth- network ghz

Mainly we take Mini computers. Open Source/ Microsoft Azure

Figure 6.1 Explain Types Of Servers


48

Task 07 Discuss how workstation hardware inter-dependent with network components in the performance of network. Most people will want to install a desktop system such as Ubuntu, Kubuntu, or Xubuntu. A desktop system is typically used for personal computing tasks and has a graphical user interface (GUI), while a server system typically has a command-line interface (CLI). Recommended Minimum System Requirements

The Recommended Minimum System Requirements, here, should allow even someone fairly new to installing Ubuntu or Gnu Linux to easily install a usable system with enough room to be comfortable. A good "rule of thumb" is that machines that could run XP, Vista, Windows 7 or x86 OS X will almost always be a lot faster with Ubuntu even if they are lower-spec than described below. Simply try Ubuntu CD as a Live CD f irst irst to check the hardware works. Ubuntu Desktop Edition

1. 700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better) 2. 512 MB RAM (system memory) 3. 5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)

4. VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution 5. Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media is helpful 6. Internet access is Screen resolution will be set at the highest your graphics card can handle but when you bootup you should be given a "Low graphics mode" option which allows you to set it to something better for your monitor. On one hand, hardware produced in the last few years or with an efficient architecture or machines built for a specific purpose can often work well with less. For example, a netbook with an 8 GB SSD will work well although there won’t be much room for saving stuff directly onto the drive so

cloud storage services could help a lot.


49

A machine with a crumbling, 15 year-old, slow, 8 GB, IDE hard-drive probably won't work and doesn't really compare with the netbook anyway. It might be worth trying Ubuntu but really start looking a t other distress. On the other hand, some GNU/Linux distributions may require more powerful hardware as minimum system requirements, like the like the Ubuntu GNOME case. All 64-bit (x86-64) CPUs should be fast enough to run Ubuntu and can run the 32-bit (x86) version as well. For an optimized installation (and especially for those wishing to run more than ~3 GB of RAM) however, a 64-bit installation CD is available. The 32-bit version tends to be easier to use and runs into less problems. Ubuntu Desktop 11.04 and up uses use s Unity as a s the default GUI while the previous releases used GNOME Panel by by default. In order to run Unity the system needs a more capable graphics adapter – see see mor e here or below: •

1000 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)

•

1024 MiB RAM (system memory)

•

3D Acceleration Capable Video card with at least 256 MB

From experience, we all know that it is recommended to have 2048 MiB RAM to properly run a day to day Ubuntu. A good start should be with minimum 1024 and recommended 2048 MiB RAM. Machines that are 10 or more years old (originally preloaded with "Windows ME" or "Windows 2000") that don't meet these guideline will probably require some work to revive (the RAM usually needs to be upgraded to the level described above). You could try a lighterweigh t distort or a minimal install of Ubuntu. The easiest and most effective step towards a minimal install of Ubuntu is to install a lighterweigh t Desktop Environment such s uch as Xfce (see (see Xubuntubelow), Xubuntubelow), LxDE (see (see Lubuntu (officially ( officially supported from 11.10 onward)) or Enlightenment to name just a few of the most popular. Some of the larger applications, such as as LibreOffice, could be swapped for very much lighter equivalents but

for

more

information

about

doing

a

minimal

install

please

see

the

guides

at

https://help.ubuntu.com/community https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation#Mini /Installation#Minimal%20installat mal%20installations. ions.


50

Visual Effects

special graphical effects for your desktop to make it look and Visual effects provide various optional special feel more fun and easier to use. Even if your computer is powerful enough to run visual effects, you can turn them off and will still have a usable Ubuntu desktop system. Visual effects are turned on by default if you have a GPU (graphics card or integrated chipset) which is supported. Supported GPU manufacturers:

1. ATI (some may require the proprietary fglrx driver) 2. Intel (i915 or better, except GMA 500, aka "Poulsbo") their proprietary driver) 3. NVidia (with their For more information on supported graphics cards, se e Desktop Effects. Ubuntu Server (CLI) Installation

1. 300 MHz x86 processor 2. 192 MiB of system memory (RAM) 3. 1 GB of disk space 4. Graphics card and monitor capable of 640x480 5. CD drive


51

Lightweight GUI alternative (Xubuntu and Lubuntu)

If you have an old or low-spec computer or want to get the most out of your hardware, using a mediumlightweight desktop system such as Xubuntu or a lightweight such as Lubuntu is recommended, as they make more efficient use of your system's resources. Of course, even if you have the newest equipment out, you could still use these two. If your system has less than 192 MiB of system memory, use the Alternate Installation CD.

Note: If you have a low-specification computer, certain features may be automatically turned off to conserve system resources. For example, if you have a graphics card with only a small amount of video memory (VRAM), the boot-up screen may not be shown. Follow this link for detailed instructions: Installation/LowMemorySystems. Installation/LowMemorySystems. Minimum system requirements for Xubuntu would fall roughly between Ubuntu Server and Desktop:

•

512 MiB of system memory (RAM)

•

5 GB of disk space

•

Graphics card and monitor capable of 800x600 resolution

With Lubuntu, you can use computers with even less memory.


52

Task 08 You are required to obtain the feedback of the users of the network resources in different aspects in order to stay updated of the performance and many other aspect of the network. Design a feedback form to obtain the feedback of users. And analyze and summarize them.

Customer Satisfaction Survey

To help us maintain the highest levels of customer satisfaction, please take a moment to answer these questions. Your response is sincerely appreciated. We’re Name (optional)

You’re Email (optional)

Date of Service

Name of Technician

Did we meet or exceed your expectations? Excellent

Good

Average

Fair

Poor


53

Network Reliability

Please tell us how your internet is working. How would we rate the reliability of the Winsoft(pvt) Winsoft(pvt) internet connection? 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 Al way

Ne

s

ver

Rea

On

dy

How would we rate the speed of Winsoft(pvt) internet? Not

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Light

Conn

ning

ected

Fast

How many times since move-in day has your internet service been interrupted? *



1



2



3



4



5 or more

How would we rate check accessibility of all nodes in a network? How would we rate Security about this Winsoft(pvt) ? If we have any comments or suggestions, please let us know. If a technician has exceeded your expectations, please help us recognize them.


54

What do you like about the Winsoft (pvt) product

What do you dislike about the Winsoft (pvt) product

If you have any comments or suggestions, please let us know. If a technician has exceeded your expectations, please help us recognize them. Our mail Winsoft (pvt)@gmail.com Open-ended

Close-ended question

question

One possible answer

More possible answers

One possible answer

Pre-coded categories Slow/load Data transmission safety Much information Privacy Spam

1 14 6 9 4

1,0% 14,1% 6,1% 9,1% 4,0%

7 5 4 2

7,1% 5,1% 4,0% 2,0%

More than one answer*

13

13,1%

Not understandable*

12

12,1%

99

100,0%

Additional categories Safety Viruses Limitation Connection problems Other

Number of all answers

17 43 12 20 6

46 66 37 57 58

1

22 1

0,9%

3

2,6%

5

124

115

40,0% 88,5% 32,2% 49,6% 50,4%


55

Task 09 Record your test results obtained in Activity 04 (with proper descriptions and screenshots) and analyze with the expected outputs. Evaluate your analysis. 1st Floor


56

Figure 9. 2

CEO room pc to router connection connection successfully Date sent and received, so it’s working.

Coding of trunk connection


57

Pc 3 trunk connection trunk connection successfully Date sent and received, so it’s working.

Figure 9. 3

Figure 9. 4

Figure 9.5

Reception pc connection also successfully Date sent and received.


58

2nd Floor


59

Figure 9. 6

IP Configuration Configuration of wireless wireless end end device

Figure 9. 7

Video conference room network connection successfully connected.


60

Code for IP Phone connection. Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Press RETURN to get started!

Router>enable Router>enable Router#vlan database % Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode, as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode.

Router(vlan)# Router(vlan)# Router(vlan)#exit Router(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. completed. Exiting.... Exiting.... Router#configure Router#configure terminal terminal Enter configuration configuration commands, commands, one one per line. line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int Router(config)#int fa0/0 Router(config-if)#ip Router(config-if)#ip address address 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no Router(config-if)#no shutdown shutdown Router(config-if)# Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#ip Router(config-if)#ip dhcp dhcp pool abc Router(dhcp-config)#netw Router(dhcp-config)#network ork 192.168.3.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 Router(dhcp-config)#defa Router(dhcp-config)#default-router ult-router 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 Router(dhcp-config)#optio Router(dhcp-config)#option n 150 ip 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 Router(dhcp-config)#ex Router(dhcp-config)#exit it Router(config)# Router(config)# Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console


61

Code for Router connection. Router# Router#enable Router#enable Router#configure Router#configure terminal terminal Enter configuration configuration commands, commands, one one per line. line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#telephon Router(config)#telephony-service y-service Router(config-telephony Router(config-telephony)#max-dn )#max-dn 5 Router(config-telephony Router(config-telephony)#max-ephon )#max-ephonee 5 Router(config-telephony Router(config-telephony)#ip )#ip source-address source-address 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 port port % Incomplete command. Router(config-telephony Router(config-telephony)#ip )#ip source-address source-address 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 port port 2005 Router(config-telephony Router(config-telephony)#auto )#auto assign assign 4 to 6 Router(config-telephony Router(config-telephony)#auto )#auto assign assign 1 to 5 Router(config-telephony Router(config-telephony)#ephone-dn )#ephone-dn 1 Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#%LINK-3-UP #%LINK-3-UPDOWN: DOWN: Interface Interface ephone_dsp ephone_dsp DN 1.1, changed changed state to up Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#number #number 5555 Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#ephone-dn #ephone-dn 5 Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#%LINK-3-UP #%LINK-3-UPDOWN: DOWN: Interface Interface ephone_dsp ephone_dsp DN 5.1, changed changed state to up Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#number #number 6666 Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#number #number 5555 Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#ephone-dn #ephone-dn 2 Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#%LINK-3-UP #%LINK-3-UPDOWN: DOWN: Interface Interface ephone_dsp ephone_dsp DN 2.1, changed changed state to up Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#number #number 6666 Router(config-ephone-dn) Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit #exit Router(config)#%DHC Router(config)#%DHCPD-4-PING_CONFL PD-4-PING_CONFLICT: ICT: DHCP address conflict: conflict: server pinged 192.168.3.1. 192.168.3.1. %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-1 IP:192.168.3.2 Socket:2 DeviceType:Phone has registered.


62

Code for Switch connection. Switch>enable Switch#config t Enter configuration configuration commands, commands, one one per line. line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#interface range fa0/1-3 Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if-range)#switchport voice vlan 1 Switch(config-if-range)#exit

Connected Message

Figure 9. 8

2 IP phones are successfully connected.


63

3rd Floor

Figure 9. 9

Configuring of server

Figure 9. 10


64

Config of wireless end device

Figure 9. 11

Server to wireless access connection ping connection successfully connected.

Figure 9. 12


65

Task 10 State the enhancements that you would implement after a period of one year from the implementation of the solution to improve the aspects including but not limited to bandwidth, quality, security and scalability. System Upgrades and Enhancements

We can handle our IT projects from beginning to end with a minimal amount of disruption to our operations. If applicable, we can also work alongside our internal IT team to make sure they have the knowledge needed going forward. Every project we do for you benefits from our comprehensive project management process which involves a team of engineers, consultants, and project managers who have extensive experience delivering all types of technology transitions smoothly, with attention to reducing the organizational change and turmoil that is usually part of the package. This process includes: •

Budgeting

•

Planning and Testing

•

Creation and Execution of a Project Pr oject Communication Plan

•

Testing

•

Project Close

•

Post-Implementation Support

Clients have engaged us for projects-specific challenges including: •

Server Virtualization

•

Server and Workstation Replacements and Upgrades

•

Network Infrastructure Upgrades Upgrades

•

New Network Implementation

•

Office Moves and Expansions

•

Server Upgrades and Replacements

•

Document Management System Implementation and Upgrades

•

Cloud Computing Implementation and Migration

•

Security Assessments

•

Disaster Recovery Planning


66

Performance Management Systems Solution

Performance Management Systems Solutions is useful for their 2G/3G Network. It offers solution for fixed/IP and wireless domains for customers that are evolving towards consolidated network operations management. The solution addresses the needs of communication service providers (CSPs) and large enterprises when it comes to the challenges of managing both fixed and mobile networks. This is especially important for those CSPs that are moving to a converged fixed-mobile network because it gives them the ability to quickly and efficiently resolve problems, reduce customer churn and provide a basis for future revenue enhancements by offering additional services that scale. Management Systems Solution can be used as a powerful resource to monitor and control the system. Network Enhancement Solutions

Stress on network capacity will continue to increase with LTE and other 4G network roll-outs – due due to subscriber consumption of all available bandwidth Mobile data traffic will nearly double in volume annually over the next several years The only way that mobile network operators can meet demand for capacity and realize the revenue growth potential of mobile data – either either in the 3G or the 4G environment – is is by improving the utilization and performance of their current and future network resources. That means supporting increasing increasing amounts of multimedia traffic – more subscribers, more applications and more content – with available network capacity. It also means delivering a better user experience. Optimization Service Node Wireless Access enables operators to increase available network capacity by 50% – without without adding new spectrum or costly infrastructure. By increasing available network capacity, operators can: Defer capital expenditures (capex) for network upgrades and control operating expenses (opex) due to increased efficiency Deliver more content to more subscribers – increasing increasing revenue growth


67

Task 11 Design a comprehensive maintenance schedule for the network which is to be designed for Winsoft (Pvt) Ltd.

Maintenance Schedule

Syst Systems Unav Unavai lab labi lity

Systems

Time

Remarks

Academic Unix and Personal Web servers

06:30-07:00

Every Mon

Each server in the Staff Central Mail server farm

06:30-07:00

Every Wed

Image server

07:00-07:30

Every Mon

Admin server for Reception, HR personal data 06:30-07:15

Every Mon

enquiry, Admin server for finance, marketing

06:30-07:15

Every Mon

Admin server for Calling center

06:30-07:15

Every Mon

Admin servers

04:00-06:30/

Every Tue to Sun/

04:00-07:00

every Mon

General Admin servers for HR, CEO, SDS office

Unavailable after normal office hours


68

Network Maintenance Performing proactive and scheduled maintenance ensures maximum reliability and the overall lowest TCO through minimizing costs and productivity losses that are associated with d owntime and replacement. Preventative maintenance is normally included within our standard support packages; however, we also provide provide maintenance services to to those clients who have an in-house IT team and who want their team to be allocated to more specialized tasksOur program of predefined and fully documented preventative maintenance tasks uses our qualified staff and industry recommended processes. These preventative maintenance tasks are performed on:



Server and storage infrastructure



Desktop infrastructure

 

Network equipment Backup and security systems

Each maintenance task can be performed at a standard frequency or on a specific nominated basis appropriate for our environment. These tasks include:           

Patch management Log file review and corrective action Security vulnerability testing Anti-Virus and Anti-Spam management Active directory account review Archiving and data file management Routine backup verification and test restores Threshold trending and management – CPU, CPU, RAM, disk, network bandwidth Application interoperability and alerts Asset management tasks Custom maintenance tasks developed to meet unique requirements.

Note that many many maintenance tasks are performed performed in “real-time”. That is, we use our monitoring and IT

Management Systems to automatically raise alerts based on pre-defined thresholds or known error conditions which are then actioned by our maintenance team as they happen.


69

Standard maintenance tasks may include (as an example): Server Standard Task Scope

Frequency

ServerLogs

Realtime

Compare event logs errors and warnings against database of known errors. Investigate any "unknown" errors for severity. Escalate any appropriate errors as Incidents via maintenance team.

Monthly

ServerPatching

Review Critical updates and prepare for periodic application: Confirm a suitable Change Window with the client, check backups, apply critical patches, reboot, and test server functions. Optionally app ly noncritical patches depending on server role.

Realtime

ServerAnti-Virus

Verify server anti-virus protection software is running correctly and virus definitions are being updated. Escalate any Virus definition update failures as Incidents. Compare Virus errors and warnings against database of known errors.

Realtime

ServerDiskCapacity

Check remaining disk capacity, all relevant partitions. Establish and maintain relevant free disk space alert thresholds. Escalate any disk space threshold breaches as Incidents.


70

Standard Task Scope

Frequency

ServerOptimisation

Monthly

Review the server for overall performance Examine disk I/O, RAM, CPU, check fragmentation, perform relevant clean-up tasks.

Realtime

DatabaseMaintenance

Monitor MS Exchange and MS SQL server database size, Check Message queue length, Check running processes.

Daily

BackupNotifications

Monitor backup notifications for previous run Success / Fail. Log into servers to investigate failed notifications.

Quarterly

BackupSpotChecks

Perform a Backup Spot Check to manually manu ally verify Read / Write success. Select a random sample of data and perform a test restore to spare media. Verify overall backup size is commensurate with overall Customer data size.


71

Desktop

Standard

Task Scope

Frequency

DesktopPatching

Monitor WSUS operations to ensure correct operations. Escalate any failed

Monthly

critical patches for manual installation.

DesktopAnti-virus

Verify desktop anti-virus software is running correctly and virus definitions are being updated. Escalate any virus definition update failures as Incidents.

Monthly

Compare virus errors and warnings against database of known errors. Escalate as appropriate.

ActiveDirectoryAccounts

Audit Active Directory user accounts against actual user accounts. Review AD Groups for correct membership / privileges. Escalate any exceptions to

Quarterly

modify / remove / disable accounts as appropriate.

DesktopAuditing

Audit desktops for compliance with customer’s IT policies. Check for

unlicensed / unauthorised installed software, check internet usage, check for

Annual

disk space and other issues.


72

Back-up

Standard

Task Scope

Frequency

BackupNotifications

Monitor backup notifications for previous run success / fail. Log into servers

Daily

to investigate failed notifications.

BackupSpotChecks

Perform a backup spot check to manually verify read / write success. Select a random sample of data and perform a test restore to spare media. Verify

Quarterly

overall backup size is commensurate with overall customer data size.

BackupMedia

Check age and appropriateness of backup media – escalate escalate any requirement

Quarterly

to replace old or degraded media or alter capacity.

ReviewBackupScopeandRetention

Verify data retention policy against actual backup media retention. Ensure

Quarterly

grandfather / father / son retention schedule is being bein g adhered to.

DeliverAnnualData

Deliver a copy of the customer’s last annual full backup to the customer’s

Annual

nominated recipient.

DisasterRecoveryVerification

Perform a “disaster recovery verification” per their DR plan

Custom


73

Security

Standard

Task Scope

Frequency

FirewallLogs

Audit Firewall Logs for intrusion attempts and suspicious activity.

Custom

PasswordRotation

Force rotation / expiry of passwords for appropriate app ropriate / agreed network users.

Custom

Notify customer / service desk of password change process.

FirewallFirmware/Software

Back up firewall configurations, update configuration and reboot (May

Custom

require outage window depending on HA configuration).

“Lite” SecurityAudit.

Simulate internal / external intrusion attacks, identify security deficiencies and escalate where present. Includes a “lite” penetration test / port scan

Custom

using standard tools, and tailored for the customer environment.

SecurityAudit.

Simulate internal / external intrusion attacks, identify security deficiencies and escalate where present. Includes a comprehensive penetration test on all

Custom

interfaces, tailored for the customer environment.


74

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•

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•

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2016.

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•

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•

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•

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•

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Assignment Competition Timeline Guntt Chart


77

365163733-NT

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