12 Principles of Animation
12 Principles of Animation on 29/04/2014 at 5:30
MATT BUGEJA pm
If you’ve just started animating, and not really sure why your animation is not looking great, then you landed on the perfect blog page! If you take a look at the following, you can see the basic princi ples of animation animation : The most important things to keep in mind when animating. You could list the main points and attach t hem besides you while you animate. All the information has been grabbed from loads of online sites and tried to keep it as simple as possible… For more detailed information on the following subject, check out Richa Richard rd Willi ams: The Animator’s Survival Kit
1. Squash Squash and Stretch – The point of squash and stretch is to make the motions larger than life,
rather than more swift, realistic, and sometimes unnoticed in passing observation. It is usually used when an object is affected by weight or gravity, and “stretch” (become elongated) when affected by momentum or other forces, in ways that are impossible in reality. A key principle of squash and stretch, however, is the fact that the object/character animated retains the same volume/apparent http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
mass; it’s simply distorted into a different shape and/or configuration to give the impression of t he forces acting on it.
2. Anticipation – Anticipation is used to prepare the audience for an action, and to make the action
appear more realistic.A dancer jumping off the floor has to bend his knees first; a golfer making a swing has to swing the .
3. Staging – Staging directs the audience to the story or idea being told. The importance is to make
clear what is important in the scene whether it is an action, expression or mood. This can be the placement of the character within the frame, the use of light and shadow or the angle of the camera.
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
To begin with in the animation there is only one character on screen. The background is plain black in order to draw attention to the action and not confuse with what’s happening on the characters. Each character represents night and day respectively and the way they interact with each other is the main focus of the film.
4. Straight ahead acti on and pos e to pose – These are two different approaches to the actual
drawing process. “Straight ahead action” means drawing out a scene frame by frame from beginning to end, while “pose to pose” involves starting with drawing a few key frames, and then filling in the intervals later. “Straight ahead action” creates a more fluid, dynamic illusion of movement, and is better for producing realistic action sequences. On the other hand, it is hard to maintain proportions, and to create exact, convincing poses along the way. “Pose to pose” works better for dramatic or emotional scenes, where composition and relation to the surroundings are of greater importance. A combination of the two techniques is often used.
5. Follow Through and Overlapping Action – These closely related techniques help render
movement more realistic, and give the impression that characters follow the laws of physics. “Follow through” means that separate parts of a body will continue moving after the character has stopped. “Overlapping action” is the tendency for parts of the body to move at different rates (an arm will move on different timing of the head and so on). A third technique is “drag”, where a character starts to move and parts of him take a few frames to catch up. These parts can be inanimate objects like clothing or the antenna on a car, or parts of the body, such as arms or hair. On the human body, the torso is the core, with arms, legs, head and hair appendices that normally follow the torso’s movement. Body parts with much tissue, such as large stomachs and breasts, or the loose skin on a dog, are more prone to independent movement than bonier body parts. Again, exaggerated use of the technique can produce a comical effect, while more realistic animation must time the actions
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
exactly, to produce a convincing result. Thomas and Johnston also developed the principle of the “moving hold”. A character not in movement can be rendered absolutely still; this is often done, particularly to draw attention to t he main action. According to Thomas and Johnston, however, this gave a dull and lifeless result, and should be avoided. Even characters sitting still can display some sort of movement, such as the torso moving in and out with breathing.
6. Slow In Slow Out – The movement of the human body, and most other objects, needs time to
accelerate and slow down. For this reason, animation looks more realistic if it has more drawings near the beginning and end of an action, emphasizing the extreme poses, and fewer in the middle. This principle goes for characters moving between two extreme poses, such as sitting down and standing up, but also for inanimate, moving objects, like the bouncing ball.
7. Arc s – Most natural action tends to follow an arched trajectory, and animation should adhere to
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
this principle by following implied “arcs” for greater realism. This can apply to a limb moving by rotating a joint, or a thrown object moving along a parabolic trajectory. The exception is mechanical movement, which typically moves in straight lines. As an object’s speed and momentum increases, arcs tend to flatten out in moving ahead and broaden in turns. In baseball, a fastball would tend to move in a straighter line than other pitches; while a figure skater moving at top speed would be unable to turn as sharply as a slower skater, and would need to cover more ground to complete the turn. An object in motion that moves out of its natural arc for no apparent reason will appear erratic rather than fluid. Therefore when animating (for example) a pointing finger, the animator should be certain that in all drawings in between the two extreme poses, the fingertip follows a logical arc from one extreme to the next. Traditional animators tend to draw the arc in lightly on the paper for reference, to be erased later.
8. Second ary Acti on – Adding secondary actions to the main action gives a scene more life, and
can help to support the main action. A person walking can simultaneously swing his arms or keep them in his pockets, he can speak or whistle, or he can express emotions through facial expressions. The important thing about secondary actions is that they emphasize, rather than take attention away from the main action. If the latter is the case, those actions are better left out. In the case of facial expressions, during a dramatic movement these will often go unnoticed. In these cases it is better to include them at the beginning and the end of the movement, rather than during.
9. Timing and Spacin g – Timing refers to the number of drawings or frames for a given action,
which translates to the speed of the action on film. On a purely physical level, correct timing makes objects appear to abide to the laws of physics; for instance, an object’s weight decides how it reacts to an impetus, like a push. Timing is critical for establishing a character’s mood, emotion, and reaction.It can also be a device to communicate aspects of a character’s personality Spacing is the way to get from one kew pose to another, whether its fast and getting slower or other combinations of the movement speed.
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
See Also : Full Lectur e for clip abov e (fro m Ted Ed) Timing An d Spacing post (By Ken Fountain)
10. Exaggeration – Exaggeration is an effect especially useful for animation, as perfect imitation of
reality can look static and dull in cartoons. The level of exaggeration depends on whether one seeks realism or a particular style, like a caricature or the style of an artist. The classical definition of exaggeration, employed by Disney, was to remain true to reality, just presenting it in a wilder, more extreme form. Other forms of exaggeration can involve the supernatural or surreal, alterations in the physical features of a character, or elements in the storyline itself. It is important to employ a certain level of restraint when using exaggeration; if a scene contains several elements, there should be a balance in how those elements are exaggerated in relation to each other, to avoid confusing or overawing the viewer.
11. Poses – every poses in animation has to be solid, it has to guide the viewer eyes with the right
line of action and flow lines. In every scene the poses has to have variety of intensity. To make a pose to be believeable it also has to have the right weight distribution and the right staging of the characters to make it interesting to watch.
12. Appeal – Appeal means something that the audience will want to see. This is equivalent to
charisma in a live actor. A scene or character should not be too simple (boring!) or too complex (can’t understand it). One principle to achieve this is to avoid mirror symmetry. Asymmetry tends to be more interesting and appealing.
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
CATEGORIES
TAGGED
ANIMATION
TUTORIALS
12 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION
ANIMATION ARCS
FOLLOW THROUGH AND OVERLAPPING ACTION SQUASH AND STRETCH
STAGING
POSES
ANTICIPATION
SECONDARY ACTION
APPEAL
ARCS
SLOW IN SLOW OUT
STRAIGHT AHEAD ACTION AND POSE TO POSE
TIMING AND SPACING
2
0 SHARES
MATT BUGEJA
I'm a Character Animator who set up SplineBomb.com to put all the awesomeness from the web in one place for everyone to enjoy and learn! WEBSITE
PREVIOUS ARTICLE
LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL NEXT ARTICLE
ROBOCOP - MAKING OF THE SUIT
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
THERE IS 1
ADD YOURS
COMMENT
CGI CALVIN on 5 June, 2013 at 19:21
Good summery!
POST A NEW COMMENT
Name...
Email...
Website...
Send
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
LIKE OUR PAGE
SplineBomb.com Curtir
3.178 pessoas curtiram SplineBomb.com.
Plug-in social do Facebook
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
12 Principles of Animation
SUBSCRIBE
Your email:
Enter email address... Subscribe
Unsubscribe
LATEST POSTS
43
43
42 36
28 2
9
11
8
13
FEB
JAN
DEC
NOV
OCT
20
SEP
AUG
BACK TO TOP
ABOUT SPLINEBOMB
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
20
JUL
JUN
MAY
APR
MAR
12 Principles of Animation
SplineBomb.com is a blog that provides all the latest information related to the animation industry including Movie trailers, tutorials, shots films and loads more…
FURTHER MORE
TAGS CLOUD
ANIMATION
BOOKS
CONFERENCES FMX 2014
CHRONICLES OF ANIMATION
DEMO REELS IANIMATE
SIGGRAPH 2013 TRAILERS (GAMES)
DISNEY FAMILY ALBUM
MAKING OF...
THE ART OF...
COMMERCIALS
OTHER
TOOLS
TRAILERS (VFX)
E3 2013
VFX
LATEST POSTS
Minions Official Trailer 2 Goodbye PDI/Dreamworks Leaked trailer for Game of Thrones Season 5 Matthias Lappe – Animation Showreel The matte paintings of the original Star Wars trilogy and their creators The Book of Life DVD Kayla Rig MPC let go 150 artists state of mind #5 – Matthias Lappe Niko and the Sword of Light
TWEETS
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
EDUCATION
PODCASTS/INTERVIEWS
TRAILERS
TUTORIALS
COMPETITION
TRAILERS (ANIMATED)
FMX 2013
SHORTS
12 Principles of Animation
Copyright © 2013 SplineBomb.com | All rights reserved. Permissions and Copyright
http://splinebomb.com/12-principles-of-animation/[22/02/2015 15:59:54]
Contact The Team
