ข้อสอบ CU-TEP Reading Comprehension

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ข อสอบ CU-TEP Reading Comprehension

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ขอสอบ CU-TEP Reading Comprehension Test 1 It’s an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that ….1…. evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, …2… are throwing the books at kids. Even elementary school students are complaining of homework ….3…… What’s a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as it may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you’ve got to get them to do it, by helping too much, or even examining ………4……… too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves. “I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every ………5…….. assignment,” says psychologist, John Raymond, author Of Ending the Tough Homework. “There’s a ………6……… of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children ………7…….. the grade they deserve.” Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their ……..8…….. but “you don’t want them to feel it has to be ……..9………,” he says. That’s not to say parents should ………10…….. homework – first, they should monitor how much homework their kids ……….11…….. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in ………12…….. four, five and six is standard, says Raymond. For junior-high students it should be “….13….. more than an hour and a half,” and two for high-school students. If your child ….14…. has more homework than this, you may want to check with other parents and then talk to the teacher about……15…… assignment

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A.

very officials fatigue questions single drop acquire exercises perfect forget have classes about previously finishing

B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B.

exact parents confusion answers piece short earn defects better refuse prepare groups no rarely lowering

C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C.

right experts duty standards page cut gather mistakes unusual miss make grades much merely reducing

D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D.

usual schools puzzle rules other lack reach tests complete ignore perform terms few consistently declining

Popular architecture in the United States in the beginning of the twentieth century paid respect to elaborately 2 f 18

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ornate historical motifs. The new skyscrapers sprouting up at the time were often ornately finished with elements of Gothic or Roman detailing. During this period of emphasis on intricate ornamentation, certain architects began moving in a different direction, from the historic attention to ornate detailing toward more modern design typified by simplified flowing lines. Frank Lloyd Wright, the best known of these early modern architects, started work in Chicago designing “prairie houses,” long low buildings featuring flowing horizontal lines and simplistic unity of design. These buildings were intended to fit the wide open expanses of Midwest plains that served as a setting for Chicago. These “prairie houses,” found in Chicago’s suburban areas, served to tie the rapidly developing neighborhoods of Chicago with its plains heritage.

16. What is the main idea of this passage? (A) The architectural style of Frank Lloyd Wright represented a change from earlier styles. (B) Architecture in the twentieth century was very ornate. (C) Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture was more elaborate than previous styles. (D) Frank Lloyd Wright’s “prairie houses” were well-known in Chicago. 17. According to the passage, the new skyscrapers built at the beginning of the twentieth century were (A) elementary (B) elaborately ornamented

(C) in a very modern style (D) completely Gothic

18. Which of the following statements about Frank Lloyd Wright is supported in the passage? (A) He was extremely popular prior to the twentieth century. (B) He used elements of Gothic and Roman detailing in his work. (C) His architectural style can be seen in Chicago’s skyscrapers. (D) His “prairie houses” were very different from the elaborately ornamented skyscrapers. 19. The “prairie houses” built by Frank Lloyd Wright were (A) ornately detailed (B) built in the Roman style

(C) skyscrapers (D) long, flowing, and simple

20. According to the passage, how do Frank Lloyd Wright’s “prairie houses” resemble the prairies around Chicago? (A) They were covered with grass. (B) They were rapidly developing. (C) They were long and low. (D) They were in Chicago. In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow 3 f 18

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the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies . During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the war, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war it was virtually worthless. As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished . By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one .

21.This passage mainly discusses (A) American money from past to present (B) The English monetary policies in colonial America (C) The effect of the Revolution on American money (D) The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries 22.The passage indicates that during the colonial period, money was (A) supplied by England (B) coined freely by the colonists

(C) scarce (D) used extensively for trade

23.The Massachusetts Bay Colony was allowed to make coins (A) continuously from the inception of the colony (B) throughout the seventeenth century (C) from 1652 until the Revolutionary War (D) for a short time during one year 24.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a substitute for money during the colonial period? (A) Wampum (B) Cotton 4 f 18

(C) Tobacco (D) Beaver furs 31/3/2560 22 09



25.According to the passage, what happened to the American monetary system during the Revolutionary War ? (A) The Continental Congress issued gold and silver coins. (B) Individual states were not allowed to issue money. (C) So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value. (D) American money replaced trade in goods and foreign coins. 26.How was the monetary system arranged in the Constitution? (A) Only the U.S. Congress could issue money. (B) The U.S. officially went on a bimetallic monetary system. (C) Various state governments, including Massachusetts, could issue money. (D) The dollar was made the official currency of the U.S. 27.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the bimetallic monetary system? (A) Either gold or silver could be used as official money. (B) Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1. (C) The monetary system was based on two metals. (D) It was established in 1792. Louisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children’s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo’s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father. She was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women’s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular. He was called a man of unparalleled intellect by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson. Bronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter. Louisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women, and with the success of this novel she was able to provide for her family, giving her father the financial security that until then he had never experienced .

28. This passage mainly discusses (A) Louisa May Alcott’s famous books (B) how Bronson Alcott implemented his educational philosophies (C) the success of Little Women (D) Bronson Alcott’s influence on his daughter 29.The passage implies that vegetarianism (A) was more popular than abolitionism (B) was the reason for Louisa’s adoration for her father 5 f 18

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(C) became popular in a later period (D) was one of the reasons for Bronson Alcott’s unparalleled intellect 30. In line 6, the word “lofty” is closest in meaning to (A) commonplace (B) high-minded

(C) self-serving (D) sympathetic

31. It can be inferred from the passage that Louisa May Alcott used the success of Little Women to (A) buy herself anything she had ever wanted (B) achieve personal financial security (C) give her father tangible proof of her love (D) detach herself from her family 32. The author’s purpose in the passage is to (A) explain how an author becomes famous (B) describe the influence of family on a writer (C) support Bronson Alcott’s educational theories (D) show the success that can be achieved by an author The brain of the average human weighs approximately 14 kilograms and consists of three main parts-the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts, taking up 85% of the brain by weight. The outside layer of the cerebrum, the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy surface covering the nerve cells beneath. The various sections of the cerebrum are the sensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body; the motor cortex, which sends action instructions to the skeletal muscles; and the association cortex, which receives, monitors, and processes information, It is in the association cortex that the processes that allow humans to think take place. The cerebellum, located below t he cerebrum in the back part of the skull, is the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It controls various body processes such as breathing and heartbeating .

33. What is the author’s main purpose ? (A) To describe the function of the parts of the brain (B) To explain how the brain processes information (C) To demonstrate the physical composition of the brain (D) To give examples of human body functions. 34. The passage states that the most massive part of the brain is the….. (A) cerebrum 6 f 18

(C) cerebral cortex 31/3/2560 22 09

ข อสอบ CU-TEP Reading Comprehension (B) cerebellum


(D) brain stem

35. How does the passage describe the appearance of the cerebral cortex? (A) As smooth (B) As 85% of the brain by weight

(C) As a layer of the cerebellum (D) As ridged

36. According to the passage, which part of the brain analyzes information ? (A) The sensory cortex (B) The association cortex

(C) The cerebellum (D) The brain stem

37. The sensory cortex……. (A) senses that messages should be sent out to the muscles (B) provides a surface covering for nerve cells (C) is where the human process of thinking occurs (D) receives and processes information from the senses 38. Which of the following is true about the cerebellum? (A) It is located above the cerebrum. (B) It controls breathings. (C) It is responsible for balance. (D) It is the outside layer of the cerebrum. 39. What shape does the brain stem most likely have? (A) Small and round (B) Long and thin

(C) Large and formless (D) Short and flat

The next famous woman writer to be considered is Dorothy Parker, an American poet, short story writer, and literary critic who became famous in the early twentieth century for her witty but cynical observations on life. She got her first paying job as a writer in 1916 at the age of 23 when she began working for a woman’s magazine, and nine years later she became a contributor to The New Yorker as a book reviewer . In addition to her magazine work, she published volumes of poetry and short stories with the recurrent themes of disappointment with life and the loss of idealism. One of her most famous observations, “Men seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses,” came from the poem “News Item,” which was published in the volume “Enough Rope” (1926). This volume of poetry was followed by “Sunset Gin” (1928), “Death and Taxes” (1931), and a collection of short stories “Here Lies” (1939) .

7 f 18

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40. According to the passage, Dorothy Parker as NOT famous for……. (A) poetry (B) humor

(C) book reviews (D) autobiography

41. Dorothy Parker’s first job was…….. (A) for a women’s magazine (B) as a literary critic

(C) for The New Yorker (D) as a short story writer

42. In line 7, the word “recurrent” could best be replaced by which of the following ? (A) Related (B) Repeated

(C) Flowing (D) Negative

43. In what year did “News Item” appear ? (A) 1916 (B) 1926

(C) 1928 (D) 1931

44. With what topic does the paragraph preceding the passage most likely deal ? (A) Dorothy Parker’s early childhood (B) American literature of the nineteenth century (C) An introduction to literary criticism (D) A well-known female author other than Dorothy Parker Desert tundra, or cold desert, occurs on the Arctic edges of North America, Europe, and Asia. In these areas the near eternal freezing temperatures cause an environment in which plant life is virtually impossible. The existence of ice rather than water for the majority of the year means that vegetation lacks sufficient moisture for growth. During the short period of time when the temperature increases enough for the ice to melt, there is generally a large volume of water. This excess of water, coupled with a lack of drainage through the frozen subsoil, does not allow vegetation to flourish .

45. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage ? (A) Dorothy Parker’s early childhood (B) The Weather in the Arctic (C) Why Cold Deserts Occur 8 f 18

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(D) The Variety of Plant Life in Desert Tundra 46. According to the passage, desert tundra in found (A) throughout North America, Europe, and Asia (B) in Antarctica (C) on the Arctic borders of the northern continents (D) at the North Pole 47. According to the passage, what makes plant life almost impossible in areas of desert tundra during most of the year ? (A) Excessive water on the plants (B) The frozen state of the water (C) The increase in temperature (D) The lack of ice 48. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage ? (A) Plants can flourish. (B) Vegetation lacks sufficient moisture. (C) The days become shorter. (D) There is too much water. 49. According to the passage, why can’t the water drain after it melts ? (A) The land beneath the surface is still frozen. (B) The temperature is too high. (C) The period of time is too short. (D) The vegetation is flourishing. It is the role of the Federal Reserve, known simply as the Fed, to control the supply of money in the U.S. through its system of twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, each with its own Federal Reserve District Bank. Many commercial banks belong to the Federal Reserve System and as members must follow the Fed’s reserve requirements, a ruling by the Fed on the percentage of deposits that a member bank must keep either in its own vaults or on deposit at the Fed. If the Fed wants to change the money supply, it can change reserve requirements to member banks; for example, an increase in the percentage of deposits required to be kept on hand would reduce the available money supply. Member banks can also borrow money from the Fed, and an additional way that the Fed can control the money supply is to raise or lower the discount rate, the interest rate at which commercial banks borrow from the Fed. An increase in the discount rate would reduce the funds available to commercial banks and thus shrink the money supply, the Fed has an additional powerful tool: open-market operations.

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50. According to the passage, the main purpose of the Federal Reserve System is to (A) increase reserve requirements (B) increase or decrease the amount of money available (C) increase the number of Federal Reserve Banks (D) increase the money kept on deposit by member banks 51. When the Fed controls the percentage of deposits kept on hand by member banks.It controls …. (A) district banks (B) the discount rate (C) the reserve requirement (D) borrowing by commercial banks 52. The passage implies that a lowering of the discount rate would lead to (A) an increase in the money supply (B) a decrease in borrowing from the Fed by commercial banks (C) a decrease in the money available (D) an increase in the reserve requirement 53. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses (A) the need for controlling the money supply (B) the structure of the Federal Reserve System (C) recent changes in reserve requirements (D) open-market purchases and sales Fog occurs when damp air above the surface of the earth is cooled to the point at which it condenses . Of the two types of fog, advection fog occurs along the ocean coast or near rivers or lakes. This type of fast-moving fog, which may cover vast areas, occurs when warm winds blow across a cold surface of land or water. In this collision of heat and cold, the warm air is cooled to the point at which the water vapor condenses into fog. Radiation fog, quite different from advection fog, is immobile cloud-like moisture generally found hovering over wintertime valleys. It occurs on clear nights when the earth’s warmth escapes into the upper atmosphere .

54. According to the passage, fog is found when wetness in the air is (A) vaporized (B) dampened (C) cooled (D) heated 10 f 18

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55. According to the passage, advection fog is found (A) in valleys (B) in the ocean (C) near bodies of water (D) only in small, enclosed areas 56. In the passage, radiation fog is said to be (A) similar to advection fog (B) found in coastal areas (C) fast-moving (D) trapped moisture hanging over inland valleys 57. According to the passage, which of the following statements about fog is true ? (A) Advection fog is caused when cold winds blow across a heated land surface. (B) Advection fog is the type of fog that occurs in small valleys on clear nights. (C) Radiation fog occurs when the cooled atmosphere meets with heat from the earth. (D) Radiation fog generally moves quickly across vast areas of land. 58. The author’s purpose in this passage is to (A) explain the different types of fog (B) describe where different types of fog are found (C) discuss advection fog (D) give a scientific description of various types of precipitation เฉลย CU-TEP reading Cloze Test 1. a. very — very evening = ในเยนนันเอง ังการบาน (โยนหนังส อ ) ใหเดก 2. b. school — โรงเรยนเปนคนส 3. c. duty — เดกต องรับภาระการบาน (homeworkduty) 4. b. answers –การช วยลกมากเกนไปหรอตรวจทกคาตอบจะทาใหเดกไมไดทาการบานเอง 5. a. single — single แปลวา “เด ยว” single assignment ช วยเนน ใหเหนวา ตรวจดทก งานแตละช  นจรงๆ 6. a. drop — drop of appreciation เราใช คาน  หมายถง รสชาตของความซาบซ  งใจ คอ ใหเด ก ไดรับ รรสชาต  ของการลองผดลองถก 7. b. earn — ได รับ ใช กับเกรด หร อเงน 8. c. mistake — พอแมควรใหลก ไดทบทวนขอผดพลาด( mistake)ใหม 9. a. perfect –พอแมต องไมทาใหลก รส  กวาทกอยา งตองออกมาสมบรณแบบ 10. d. ignore — แตถง กระนั นกไมใช วา ใหพอแมละเลยการบานของลก 11. a. have –พอแมควรดวา ลกม ก ารบานเทาไหร 12. c. grade –grade four = ป.4 11 f 18

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13. b. no — ส าหรับช ัน มัธยมต น ควรทาการบานไมเกน1 ช ั วโมงคร ง (no more than) 14. d. consistently — ถ าลกใช เวลาทาการบานมากกวาน อย เสมอๆ 15. c. reducing– ให ปรก ษาผปกครองคนอ  นและคยกับคร เก ยวกับการลดการบ า น Reading Comprehension 16. a. The architectural style of Frank Lloyd Wright represented a change from earlier styles. เร องราวพดถงสถาปัตยกรรมในศตวรรษท  20 ซ  งมการเปล ยนแนวจากงานแบบละเอยดหรหรา มาเปนเรยบงาย โดยยกตัวอยางของแฟรง ค ข อ b ผดเพราะ งานในศตวรรษท  20 มทัง แบบหร (ornate)และแบบเรยบงายของแฟรงค ข อ c ผด เพราะ งานของแฟรงคไมได ละเอยด (elaborate)กวางานสไตลเกา แตเรยบงายกวา รายละเอย ดนอยกวา ข อ d ผด เพราะ แคบเกนไป 17. b. elaborately ornamented ดจาก “The new skyscrapers sprouting up at the time were often ornately finished with elements of Gothic or Roman detailing.” แปลว า ตกระฟาท เกดข นในช วงนันจะตกแตงอยางหรห ราดวยสไตลด กธค หรอกโรมัน 18. d. His “prairie houses” were very different from the elaborately ornamented skyscrapers.ถกต องแนนอนเพราะ prairies house เปนงานท เรยบงาย ตางจากตกระฟาหรหรา 19. d. long, flowing, and simpleด จาก “Frank Lloyd Wright, the best known of these early modern architects, started work in Chicago designing “prairie houses,” long low buildings featuring flowing horizontal lines and simplistic unity of design.” แฟรงค ลอยด ไรท เปนสถาปนกยคต นสมัยใหม ท เปนท ร จักด ท สด เขาเร มทางานท ช ค าโก โดยการออกแบบ prairie houses เปน อาคารเต ย ยาว ท เข ากับเส นแนวนอนและการออกแบบท เรยบงายและมเอกภาพ 20. c.they were long and low –ดจาก “These buildings were intended to fit the wide open expanses of Midwest plains that served as a setting for Chicago.” อาคารเหลาน ถก ตังใจใหรับกับท ร าบกวางใหญของท ราบ Midwest ท เปนฉากใหเมองช ค าโก 21. d. The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ดจากเน อเร องมการกลาวถงป 1652 (ศตวรรษท  17) และป 1789 (ศตวรรษท  18) 22. c. scarceดจาก “In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins.” ในอเมร กา เงนนันมน อย อังกฤษไมยอมใหเงนเหรยญแกอาณานคม และไมอนญาตใหอาณานคมผลตเหรยญใช เอง 23. d. for a short time during one year ดจาก “the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins.” อาณาน คม Massachusetts Bay ได รับอนญาตใหผลตเหรยญเงนหลาย ันๆในป 1652 ประเภทเปนเวลาส 24. b. cotton ดจาก “beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money.” ไมม cotton 25. c. So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value.มการพมพเงนมากเกนไปจนไมมคา ดจาก ยอ หนาท  2 ท พด เร องสงครามปฏวัต  ใจความมวา “อเมรก าตองการเงนมาทาสงคราม ดังนันรัฐเด ยวๆทังหลายและสภาคองเกรสจงออกธนบัตร แตวา ธนบัตรถกพมพออกมามากจนสญคา ทาให การแลกเปล ย นดวยเหรยญตางชาตยังคงใช กันอยางแพรหลายอย ” 26. a. Only the U.S. Congress could issue money ดจาก “Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money.” ต องไม ส ับสนกับ Coinage Act(พรบ. เหร ยญกษาปณ) ซ  งเปนกฎหมายอกฉบับ ท พดเร องระบบ 12 f 18

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โลหะในการใช ผลตเหรยญ และอัตราการแลกเปล ยน 27. b. Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1 ผด ต องแกเปน 1 ตอ 16 ดจาก “the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.” ังเกตเหนวาม 28. d. Bronson Alcott’s influence on his daughterบทความนพดถงอทธพลท พอม ตอ ลกสาวท เปนนักเขยน จะส หลายประโยคท เน นประเดนน  เช น “Louisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children’s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo’s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father.” “Bronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter.” “Louisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women.” 29. c. became popular in a later period ดจาก “She was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women’s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular.” 30. b. high-minded — lofty แปลวา สงส ง 31. c. give her father tangible proof of her loveคาวา tangible = จับต อ งได ดจาก “with the success of this novel she was able to provide for her family, giving her father the financial security that ัมผัสเลย(คาวา until then he had never experienced.” เธอได ให ความมันคงทางการเงนแกพอ ซ  งกอ นหนานันพอไมเ คยไดส experience= ประสบทาใหเรารว าของท เธอมอบใหพอนัน tangible เพราะวาจับตอ งได ประสบได) ังเกตดๆ คาถามจะเหมอนกับขอ 28 ดังนันเราจงตอบประเดนเดยวกัน 32. b. describe the influence of family on a writer ข อน ส 33. a. To describe the function of the parts of the brain เม ออานไปแลวจะพบวา เป นการอธบายส วนตางๆของสมองและบอกวา มันท า หนาท อยางไร “The brain of the average human weighs approximately 14 kilograms and consists of three main parts-the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.” 34. a. cerebrumดจาก“The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts” 35. d. As ridged = เปนหยักๆ ดจาก “the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy(= ridged) surface” 36. b. The association cortex ดจาก “and the association cortex, which receives, monitors, and processes information.” 37. d. receives and processes information from the sensesดจาก “sensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body” 38. c. It is located above the cerebrum.ดจาก “cerebellum, located below the cerebrum in the back part of the skull” 39. b. long and thin — brain stem = ก า นสมอง ดังนันส  งท เปนกา น ก ต องยาวๆและผอมๆ 40. d. humor ดจาก “who became famous in the early twentieth century for her witty but cynical observations(มมมองท  ลาดแตเย ยหยัน) on life” 41. a. for a women’s magazine ดจาก “She got her first paying job as a writer in 1916 at the age of 23 when she 13 f 18

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began working for a woman’s magazine” 42. b. Repeated 43. b. 1926 ดจาก “the poem “News Item,” which was published in the volume “Enough Rope” (1926).” 44. d. A well-known female author other than Dorothy Parkerโจทยถามวายอ หนาท มากอนบทความนนาจะเปนเร องเก ยวกับ อะไร ดังนันเรากดวา บทความน เปดเร อ งดวยประโยคแนวไหน กจะทราบคาตอบ“The next famous woman writer to be considered is Dorothy Parker” ประโยคเปดเร องแปลวา “นักเขยนหญงท มช  อเส ยงคนตอไปท เราจะพดถงคอ โดโรธ พารคเคอร” ดังนันยอ หนา กอนน  กควรจะพดถงนักเขยนหญงคนอ นๆ 45. c. Why Cold Deserts Occur เร องจะบอกวาทะเลทรายน าแขงนัน  เกดข นอยางไร กเป นเพราะวา แมจะมน า แตกเอามาใช ประโยชน ไมได เพราะเปนน าแขง ถ าละลายกละลายมากเกนไปและระบายไมได  ต นไมข นไมได  สดท ายกคอ ทะเลทรายดๆนันเอง 46. c. on the Arctic borders of the northern continents ดจาก “Desert tundra, or cold desert, occurs on the Arctic edges of North America, Europe, and Asia.” Edge = Border ับ สนได 47. b. the frozen state of water คาถามถามวาทาไมตนไมถงเตบโตไมได ในช วงเวลาส วนมากของป ขอน หากอนไมดอ าจส ันๆ ดจาก เพราะสาเหตท ต นไมงอกไมได  ม 2 สาเหต คอ 1.น าแขง 2. น าเหลวมมากเกนและไมระบาย แตช วงท เปนน าเหลวจะกนเวลาส “During the short period of time when the temperature increases enough for the ice to melt, there is generally a large volume of water.” ส วนช วงท เปนน าแขงจะยาวนาน ดจาก “The existence of ice rather than water for the majority of the year” 48. d.There is too much water.น าม มากเกนไป แตใช ประโยชนไมได เลย 49. a. The land beneath the surface is still frozen. ดจาก “This excess of water, coupled with a lack of drainage(= การ ัน ลางท เปนน าแขง), does not allow vegetation to flourish.” ระบาย) through the frozen subsoil(= ดนช 50. b. increase or decrease the amount of money availableหน าท ของธนาคารกลาง (Fed)คอการควบคม พดอกอยางกคอ เพ ม และลดจานวนเงนคงคลังธนาคาร ดจาก “Itis the role of the Federal Reserve, known simply as the Fed, to control the supply of money in the U.S.”ตัวเลอ กขออ นๆ เปนเพยงวธก ารในการควบคมเงนเทานัน 51. c. the reserve requirementโจทยถามวาเมอ Fed ควบคมเงนฝากท มอย ในมอของธนาคารสมาช ก เทากับวา Fed กาลังคมอะไร เรากตองดวา Fed ใช กลไกอะไรในการคมเงนของธนาคารสมาช ก ซ  งคาตอบกคอ reserve requirement ดได จาก “If the Fed wants to change the money supply, it can change reserve requirements to member banks; for example, an increase in the percentage of deposits required to be kept on hand would reduce the available money supply.” 52. a. an increase in the money supplyขอน ยากเลกนอย เพราะตองคดกลับด าน โจทยถามวา “การปรับลดอัตราคดลด(discount rate)จะนาไปส อะไร” ให เราดประโยคน  “An increase in the discount rate would reduce the funds available to commercial banks and thus shrink the money supply” ประโยคน บอกวา “หากเพ มอัตราคดลด เงนกองทนจะลด” ดังนัน “ถ าลดอัตราคดลด เงนกองทน ก ต องเพ ม” 53. d. open-market purchases and salesโจทยถามวายอ หนาท นาจะไดอานตอจากน  นาจะเปนเร องอะไร วธง า ยๆกใหดประโยคท  ท งท าย นั นคอ“the Fed has an additional powerful tool: open-market operations.” 14 f 18

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 นในอากาศเปนอยางไร ดจาก “Fog occurs when damp air above the 54. b. cooled โจทยถามวาจะพบหมอกได เม อความช surface of the earth is cooled to the point at which it condenses.” 55. c. near bodies of water โจทยถามวาจะเจอหมอกแบบ advection ได ทไ หน ดจาก“advection fog occurs along(= near) the ocean coast or near rivers or lakes” 56. d. trapped moisture hanging over inland valleysโจทยถามวาหมอกแบบ radiation เปนอยางไร ดจาก “generally found hovering(ลอยน ง ในท นเ ทยบเทากับ trapped = ต ดกับ)over wintertime valleys.” 57. c.Radiation fog occurs when the cooled atmosphere meets with heat from the earth.ข อใดถกต องจากบทความ ด จาก“Radiation fog, quite different from advection fog, is immobile cloud-like moisture….It occurs on clear nights when the earth’s warmth escapes into the upper atmosphere.” 58. a. explain the different types of fog – พดถงหมอกประเภทตางๆทัง การเกด และสถานท ท พ  บ

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