Rice Technology Bulletin Series No. 1 No. 2 No.. 3 No No.. 4 No No.. 5 No No.. 6 No No.. 7 No No.. 8 No No.. 9 No No. 10 No.. 11 No No. 12 No.. 13 No No.. 14 No 14 No.. 15 No No. 16 No. 17 No. No. 18 No. 19 No.. 20 No No.. 21 No No.. 22 No No.. 23 No No.. 24 No No. 25 No. 26 No. 27 No.. 28 No 28 No. 29 No. 30 No.. 31 No No.. 32 No No. 33 No.. 34 No No.. 35 No No. 36 No. 37 No. 38 No.. 39 No No. 40 No.. 41 No No. 42 No.. 43 No No. 44 No. 45 No. 46
Released Releas ed Rice Rice Vari arieti eties es (196 (1968 8 - 1994 1994)) Pagpap Pag papara arami mi at at Pagpup Pagpupuro uro ng Binh Binhii sa Sari Sarilin ling g Bukid Bukid Pagg Pa ggaw awa a ng Mal Malig igay aya a Rice Rice Hul Hulll Sto Stove ve Phi hilR lRic ice e Mi Micr crom omil illl Phi hilR lRic ice e Fl Flou ourm rmil illl Phil Ph ilRi Rice ce Dr Drum umse seed eder er Phi hilR lRic ice e Rot Roto oti till ller er Rice Ri ce Foo ood d Pro Prod duc ucts ts Phil Ph ilRi Rice ce-U -UAF AF Ba Batc tch h Drye Dryer r Integr Int egrate ated d Manage Managemen mentt of the the Mala Malayan yan Bla Black ck Bug Bug SG80 SG 800 0 Ri Rice ce Str Strip ippe perr-Ha Harv rves este ter r Dry-Se Dry -Seede eded d Rice-Bas Rice-Based ed Croppi Cropping ng Tech Technol nologi ogies es Mali Ma liga gaya ya Ri Rice ce Hu Hull ll Sto Stove ve 10 Ste Steps ps in in Comp Compos ostt Pro Produ duct ctio ion n Rice Ri ce Tun Tungr gro o Viru Virus s Dise Diseas ase e The Phi Philip lippin pine e Rice Rice Seed Seed Ind Indust ustry ry and and the the National Rice Seed Production Network 10 Hak Hakba bang ng sa sa Pagg Paggaw awa a ng Kom Kompo post st 10 nga nga Add Addang ang ti Pana Panagar garami amid d iti iti Kompo Kompost st Charac Cha racter terist istics ics of Popul Popular ar Philip Philippin pine e Rice Vari Varieti eties es Rice Ri ce Ste Stem m Bore Borers rs in in the the Phil Philip ippi pine nes s Rice Ri ce Food Food Prod Produc ucts ts (rev (revis ised ed edit editio ion) n) Leaf Le af Co Colo lorr Cha Chart rt (E (Eng ngli lish sh)) Leaf Le af Co Colo lorr Cha Chart rt (I (Ilo loca cano no)) Leaf Le af Co Colo lorr Cha Chart rt (F (Fil ilip ipin ino) o) Equipm Equ ipment ent for Ric Rice e Produ Producti ction on and and Proc Process essing ing Use of 40kg 40kg Cer Certif tified ied See Seeds ds per Hec Hectar tare e Rice Wine Mana Ma nage geme ment nt of Fi Fiel eld d Rat Rats s Controlled Contro lled Irrigat Irrigation: ion: A waterwater-savin saving g technique technique for for transplant transplanted ed rice Minus-one Minus -one Eleme Element nt Techni Technique: que: Nutrie Nutrient nt deficien deficiency cy test test made easy Mana Ma nage geme ment nt of the the Ric Rice e Bla Black ck Bu Bug g Mana Ma nage geme ment nt of Zin Zincc-De Defi fici cien entt Soils Soils Manage Man agemen mentt Option Options s for the Gold Golden en App Apple le Snail Snail Use Us e of Evap Evapor orat atio ion n Suppr Suppres essa sant nt Pagp Pa gpap apar aram amii ng Pur Puron ong g Binh Binhii ng Pal Palay ay Manage Man agemen mentt of Sulfur Sulfur-De -Defic ficien ientt Lowland Lowland Rice Rice Soils Soils Manage Man agemen mentt of Plan Plantho thoppe ppers rs and and Leafho Leafhoppe ppers rs Manage Man agemen mentt Optio Options ns for Ric Ricefi efield eld Wee Weeds ds Use Us e of of Ind Indig igo o as as Gre Green en Ma Manu nure re Manage Man agemen mentt of Salt-Af Salt-Affec fected ted Soils Soils for for Rice Produ Producti ction on WetWe t-Se Seed eded ed Ri Rice ce Pr Prod oduc ucti tion on Matatag Matat ag Lines: Lines: Farm Farmers ers Partne Partners rs in in Rice Rice Tungro Tungro Diseas Disease e Managem Management ent Hybr Hy brid id Ri Rice ce Se Seed ed Pr Prod oduc ucti tion on Metarh Met arhizi izium: um: Micr Microbi obial al Contro Controll Agen Agentt for Rice Rice Black Black Bug Bug Integr Int egrate ated d Nutrie Nutrient nt Manag Manageme ement nt for for Rice Prod Product uction ion Manage Man agemen mentt of Arm Armywo yworms rms and and Cutwo Cutworms rms
FOREWORD Rice hull hu ll is con conssidered t he most most ‘ unwanted’ rice by-product by-produ ct by maj orit y of of t he rice mi ll ers and some some f arm ers t hroughou hroughoutt t he regions. regions. Rice hull dispos disposal al has become a probl em especially especially t o mi ll ers w ho dump and burn t hes hesee along roadsides roads ides,, m uch as as t he smoke smoke pest pest ers t he mot orists orists,, com mut ers ers,, and t he comm co mm unity dwellers dwellers.. Now, ri ce hull can be carbonized Now carbonized t o become an ext ext ra source source of i ncome. Our bi omas omasss expert s here at Phil Rice per f ect ed t he process process and wer e able t o develop dev elop a low-cos low-costt equipment f or rice hull carboniz ca rbonizati ati on. The Theyy now now t rain int eres erestt ed individuals and farm er-groups in making quali quali t y carbonized carbonized rice hull (CR (C RH) not j us ustt for l oca ocall use, use, but als alsoo for export . The f irs irstt recorded export ex port of CRH t o Japan w as m ade by Organic Farm ers Unit Unit As Asssociat ion, Inc. (OF (OFUA UAI) I) of Balbal ungao, Lupao, Nueva Nueva Ecij Ecij a. This vent ure gave t hem a gross gross incom e of PhP hP45 45,, 00 0000 in a mont h! This was made poss possibl e t hrough the t echnical expert is isee of Phil Rice, t he ass assis istt ance of our NGO-part NGO-part ner ner,, t he Phil Phil ipp ine Rural Rural Recons econstt ruct ion Movement (P (PR RRM), and a pri vat e com pany pany,, AIM AIM Tradi ng Corp Corp orat ion, as t he main export er of qualit y CR CRH. Farmer s- t urned-ent repr eneurs in r ice-bas ice-based ed product ion ecosys ecosystt ems especi es peci all y in San Pabl Pabl o Cit Cit y, Lag Laguna una and i n Talave Talave ra, Lupao, and San San Jose Jose Cit Cit y, Nueva Ecij a are also also produci ng CRH. To dat e, f ive peopl es es’’ or ga ganizat nizat ions (POss) unde r t he PR (PO PRRM-Kali kas kasan an began expor t in g CRH t o Japan. Als Also, o, an Aut om at ed Carbon Carbon izat ion Sys Systt em ( AC ACS S) devel oped f rom Japan has been adopt ed by Oli ver Ent Ent erpr is ises es owned by Nest Nest or Vendivil of Bakal II, Talavera, Talavera, Nueva Ecij Ecij a, wi t h t he t echnical support support of Phil Rice’s Was Wastt e Mana Management gement Committee. We encourage encourage mor e far mer s and other ent erpr is ising ing groups groups t o t ry t his very promising promis ing venture. Thus Thus,, w e came came up wi t h this bullet in t hat presents presents t he out st anding feat ures of t he CR CRH including t he procedure and economi c analys analysis is of CR CRH product ion. The procedur e on on how how t o make a sim ple open-t ype carbonizer out of locally available mat erial s at m inim um cost cost is als alsoo appended appended for easy easy reference. With t his t echn echnolog ologyy bullet bu llet in, w e hope hope to add more value on rice, and cons consequent equent ly ly,, help r ice-bas ice-based ed comm unit ies t o become mor e productive. Read on and and learn how t o t urn a w as astt e int o cash. cash. LEOCADIO S. SEBAS EBAST T IAN
Execu xecutt i ve Di Di r ec ectt or 1
INTRODUCTION Rice hull ( or husk) husk) is t he outer mos mostt layer covering the r ice grain. grain. It i s commonly detached detached during milling and and most most oft enly burnt bu rnt an andd t urned into w as astt e. At At PhilR hilRice, ice, res researchers earchers hav havee f ound t hat t hes hesee unwant ed ri ce hull can be carbonized carbonized for di f f erent purpos purposes es.. Carbonized rice hull (C (CR RH) is made f rom incomp let e or part ial bur ning of of rice hull. hu ll. It is porous and bulky wi t h uniform i nt act black part icles icles.. It concon tains phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and mi cronutr ient s vit al t o growi growi ng crops crops.. Beca ecaus usee it is als alsoo st st erili ze zed, d, it is f ree f rom dis diseas easee organis organisms ms.. It has many uses uses ranging f rom ag agri ri cult ural t o industt ri al purposes indus purposes.. Aside f rom t his his,, i t has als alsoo been dis discovered covered for m edical and h om e uses. uses. Every year, year, t he Phil Phil ippi nes is producing about 3. 1 mil li on met ri c t ons (M mt ) of rice hull f rom about 14 M mt palay palay.. But mos mostt of t his is j us ustt was wastt ed becausee many ri ce-bas becaus ce-based ed f armer s and entr epreneurs have limi t ed knowl edg edgee on how t o properl properl y manag man agee it . If farm ers and ent repreneurs learn, pract ice, and perfect t he t echn echnolog ologyy of ca carbonizing rbonizing rice hull t o make qualit y CR CRH for export , t hey can earn as much as PhP hP5,000 5,000 a mont h by pr oducing 1,000 packs packs of qualit y CR CRH at PhP hP55 per pack (400-500 (400-500 gram gram s per pack), or a t ot al of PhP hP9.6 9.6 bill ion a year! year! The process process des described cribed in t his bull et in w ill help not only in properl y managing manag ing ri ce hull hull but als alsoo in prevent ing environm ent al and human healt healt h hazards haz ards,, w hil e incr eas easing ing product ivit y among users users..
PROB PRO B L EMS A DD DDRES RESSED SED • • • • • • •
Ri c e hu hu l l di d i sp o sa l En v i ro r o n m en e n t al a l h a z a r ds ds H i gh gh f a r m i n pu p u t c os o st s su ch c h a s f e r t i l i ze z e r an an d i n se se ct c t i c i de de Di f f i cu c u l t y in i n p ul ul l in i n g r i ce c e se e dl dl i ng ng s Wa t er e r i m p u r i t ie ies H i gh c o st of of f u el Agr ic i c u l t ur u r al al l an an d d eg egr ad ad at at i on on
2
USES 1. As substrate to organic fertilizer •
When mixed wit h other When organic materials, CRH can be a good source source of organic orga nic fer t il izer (OF (OF).
•
At Phil Phil Rice, t he basic basic mi xt ure of organic organic f ert il izer consis consistt s of animal m anu anure re (4 part s), CRH (4 part s), ri ce bran (1 part ), and comp comp os ostt (1 part part ) t o produce produce a good go od yield .
2. As soi soill cond condit itio ione nerr / amel amelio iora rant nt •
Incorpor at ing 10-15 Incorpor 10-15 bag bagss (10 kg/ bag bag)) of organic fer t il izer w it h CR CRH int o 20 plot s of seedbed seedbed at 1 m x 20 m each plot (400 sq. m) go good od f or a hect are m akes pul li ng of r ice seedl seedl ings eas easier ier..
•
CRH helps helps repl enis enishh t he nut ri ent s and other mi croelem ent s in t he soil soil t hat were los lostt due t o cont cont inuou inuouss cropping cropping..
•
It als alsoo im proves soil st st ruct ure by incr eas easing ing bulk densit densit y, w at er hold ing capacit y, and aerat aerat ion.
•
When mixed w it h garden When garden soil soil and compost compost at 1:1:1 rat io, it is a good good pot t ing media. Compos Compostt is a mixt ure of deca decayed yed organic organic mater ials decompos deco mposed ed by mi croorg croorganis anism m in a w arm, mois moistt , ae aerobic robic environment , releasing releas ing nut nu t rient s int o readily available available f orms for pl ant us usee (see Tec echnology hnology Bul Bul l et in No. 49 pp.10-12 on how t o make a compos compostt f rom f arm and household household was wastt es es)) 3
3. As wate waterr purif purifier ier / wast waste e wate waterr filte filterr •
Act ivated carbon fr om CR CRH fil t ers t he dirt y part icles in w ater ater,, making it eff ect ive in purif ying hous household/ ehold/ drinking wat er er..
•
CRH is eff ecti ve in t reat ing wast wast e wat er f or recycling.
4. As bas base e mate materia riall for for mak making ing mic microb robial ial ino inocul culant ants s (MI (MIs) s) •
W hen 30 30-50 -50% % of CR CRH is mixed wit h MIs MIs,, it bec becomes omes more useful. useful. Nat urall y, CRH is a habit at f or benef icial mi croorganis croorganisms ms that facilit ate co compos mpostt ing ing..
•
CRH can be used used as inocul ant -car ri er f or rhizobia, a nit rog rogen-fixing en-fixing bactt eria f ound in t he root s of legu bac legumes mes..
4
5. As pe pest st co cont ntro roll ag agen entt •
Ow ing t o it s nat ural bl ack color color,, CRH ret ains heat f rom t he sun. sun. It als alsoo contt ains sili ca that irr it ates t he golden con golden kuhol. Wh When en applied a pplied aft er leveli ng, snails snails are for ced t o come come out , m aking handpicking f as astt er and easier.
6. As cha harc rcoa oall for for fu fuel el •
Ch ar ar c oa o a l b r i qu q u et e t t e s f r o m CR C RH ar ar e go go od od al a l t e r na n a t i v e so so ur ur c es e s o f f u el el . Compared wit h plain pla in rice hull h ull t hat t ake akess relat ively more t ime t o produce heat , CRH can can easil easil y be ignit ed t o produce heat or convert heatt int o fuel f or cooking hea cooking..
7. As deo deodo dori rize zerr / odo odorr supp suppre ress ssan antt •
CRH als alsoo clean cle ansses an andd deodoriz deo dorizes es ba badd air smell smell t hrou hrouggh it s ac actt iva ivatt ed carbon t hat abs absorbs orbs f oul odors in t he air air.. The same same pri ncipl e appli appli es when a charcoal is placed inside inside a r ef ri gerat or or..
•
CRH is us used ed as m ulch b ed i n anim al pen and p oult ry houses t o red uce foul smell f rom urine and feces. feces.
In l arge-s arge-sca call e ri ce hul l carbonizat ion, pyrol igneous subs ubstt ances (e. g. t ar) can be used used as an act act ive ingredient in pr oduc oducing ing pest pest icides icides.. The smoke smoke f rom t he burni ng ri ce hull is als alsoo a for m of gas t hat gene enerat rat es elect ri cit y. CRH also also pr oduces smoke vi neg negar ar t hat has many p os osssi bl e uses uses.. At Phi l Ri ce, t hes hesee new t ec echnolog hnologies ies are st st il l under observat observat ion and f ur t her t es estt ing for ag agri ri cult ural an andd indust indust ri al pur pos poses es..
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H ow o w t o m a k e CR CRH Materials needed: • • • •
1.
r i c e h ul ul l open-t ope n-t ype ca carboniz rbonizer er 2000 L oil drums 20 long-handled long-ha ndled spade/ shove hovell
• • • •
m a t c h o r l i gh gh t e r t o st st a r t f i r e dried woods woods// recy recycled cled pa papers pers sprinkler G.I. sheet sheet for bas base (optt iona (op ional, l, if t he area area is no nott cemen ementt ed)
Produce f ir e using using pieces of w ood, dr ied l eaves eaves,, and used used paper s or newspapers. Carbonize in a clean, dry, levelled and cemented area, away from residential places, under a tree, and preferably early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
2.
3.
Cove overr t he fire w it h an an open-t open-t ype carbonizer. (see p 10)
Place 12-14 sacks sacks of ri ce hul l ar ound t he carbonize carbonizerr or unt il i t reach reaches es t he chimney at 1 m et er high. This is t o maximize burnin burningg t ime and eff ort t o make m ore CR CRH duri ng carboni carboni za zatt ion t han put t ing a minim um of 3 sac sacks ks rice hull around the carbonizer carbonizer per batch. 6
When using open-type carbonizer, carboni zer, carbonization carbonizatio n can be done under fruit trees to use the smoke for fruit setting and insect pest control . Burning in an open area during windy days prolongs carbonization.
4.
5.
Af t er 20-30 20 -30 mi nutes or if t he rice hull on t op of t he mound is burning burning,, move the rice hull f rom bot t om t o t he top of burnin burningg mound. mou nd. Avo Avoid id get t ing t oo clos c losee t o t he mound while it ’s hot. Us Usee prot ecti ve gadg gadget et s ( e.g., mask and boots).
When the mound t urns When complet co mplet ely black black,, put t he CRH in 200 L oil dr um s t hen sli sli ght ly spri spri nkle it wit h water (at mos mostt 1 L) L) using us ing a spr spr ink ler or a knapsack knaps ack sprayer sprayer wi t h f ine nozzles t o ext inguis inguishh t he smoke smoke and an d lower t he t emperature. Do not no t overburn ove rburn t he rice hull as it w il l become ash. ash. 7
6.
Allow t he fr es eshly-made hly-made CRH t o cool com pl et ely ely.. The fol low ing day, day, bag, seal, and st st ock it in a safe and dr y place.
Export quality CRH has pure, uniform, and intact black particles - no mixture of yellow (unburnt rice hull) and or gray (rice hull ash) .
COST AND RETURNS OF PRODUCING 9 TONS* OF CRH PhP N ET I N CO M E G RO SS I N CO M E
31,943.11 45,000.00
P RO D U CT I O N CO ST
13,056.89
Cash ash cost s Ri c e H u l l dr i ed w oods l a b o r c o st sa c k s f o r p a c k a g i n g
3, 461. 54 140. 00 4, 500. 00 4, 500. 00
Imput ed cost cost depreciat ion cost cost (carbonizer, (carbonizer, drum , sprinkl er) Benefi t -Cos -Costt Rat io
455.35 455.35 3.45
* based on OFUAI’s experience within 28-working days
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PhilRice Open-type Carbonizer Where Wh ere t o buy
: : : :
Patricia F. Sag Sagun, un, OF OFUAI Pres residen identt Balbalu nga ngao, o, Lupao, Nueva Ecij Ecij a Fi d e l Al f o n so 194 San San Pas Pascual cual , Talave ra, Nueva Eci Eci j a Da n v e r Ti n sm i t h T. Calo St St . , But uan Cit Cit y De m oc o c r iti t o P. Pl Pl az az a RTR Rom ual dez, Ag Agus usan an d el Nort e
Int ende endedd Bene eneff iciari es :
Fa r m e r s a n d e nt n t r e p r en e n eu eu r s i n t h e r ic i c ee- ba b a se d product ion ecosys ecosystt em
Out st anding f ea eatt ures :
I n ex e x pe p e ns n si ve v e an an d e as asy t o f ab a b r i ca c a t e , l i gh g h t w e i gh gh t a nd nd port able, easy easy t o operat operat e, ef fi cient, an andd economica eco nomicall
Matt eri al used Ma used
:
# 2 2 GI sh e e t f or o r t he h e c h i mn mney Used Us ed oil drum f or t he ignit ig nit ion chamber chamber
Unit Cos ost t
:
Ph P4 P4 0 00- 50 5 0 0 p e r u ni n i t ( w i t h ou ou t sm sm o k es est a ck ck ) a s o f 2005
Pri nc ncipl ipl e of of operat ion :
Ca r b on o n iz i z a t i on o n i s p ar ar t i a l c om om b us u st i on o n of o f b i o m as ass. Ignit Ig nit e f ew combust combust ible m ateri als (e.g., pape paperr, chaff f s) and cha an d cover cover wi t h t he ignit ignit ion chamber ch amber.. Slowl y sca catt t er t he rice hull out side t he chamber chamber an andd make mound. Draft f orce t hat pulls t he smoke through t he chimney chimney would conti nua nually lly draw air t o carbonize carbonize t he rice hus hu sk. Leng engtt hening t he chimney ch imney wi ll hast hast en t he carbonizat carbonizat ion process process whi le enl arg arging ing t he mound w ill prolong t he process process.
Per f or m ance Tes Testt Res esul ul t s: Vo l u m e o f r i c e h u l l Du r a t i o n o f Ca b o n i z a t i o n Vo l u m e o f CRH p r o d u c e d T h e r m a l c o n v e r si o n e f f i c i e n c y Cap a c i t y Ca r b o n i z a t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e Qu a l i t y o f CRH Sm o k e r e d u c e d
: : : : : : : :
9
1, 585 L 4- 5 h 982 L 62 % 3 1 7 L/ h r 5 2 0 - 5 6 0 OC 98 % b l a c k - c o l o r e d 80%
How t o m a ke an open-type carboniz er ze Materials needed: • 20 L Us Used oi l can • Solderi ng iron, wel ding machine machine
or oxy-ac oxy-acet elyne weldi ng
1.
• Screws • Me Mett al puncher puncher and cut cut t er • GI sheet sheet #22, #22, 4 x 1 f t .
FOR T HE CHAMBER: CHAMBER:
a. Get any 20 L us used ed oil can, about 40 cm height heigh t . b. Remove the t op cove c overr and make mak e a hole at at t he bot bo t t om of t he can c an abo about ut 9-100 cm diamet er f or t he chimney. 9-1 chimney.
9-10 cm diameter hole
c. Use Use a met al puncher t o make 30-4 30-400 holes at 2-cm di amet er aligned at at 10 x 10 10 cm di st ance.
10
2.
FOR TH E CHIMNEY: CHIMNEY:
a. Get a 4 x 8 ft (12 (1222 x 244 244 cm) GI sheet #22 and cut cut it at 30.5 cm w idt h per chi m ney ney.. ( m akes 8 chim neys neys))
b. Take one cut sheet sheet (30.5 cm c m w idt h; 122 cm high). high). Fold Fold 1-cm t hick at at bot h lengt lengt h ends of t he sheet sheet and clamp t hem t og oget et her t o make a roll .
c. Att ach a 20 20-cm -cm cir cumf erence GI GI sheet at one ti p of t he chimney c himney (uppe ( upperr part of t he carbonizer) carbonizer) t hat can be connec connectt ed t o t h e ch c h i m n ey e y of of t h e f i l t e r t o t r a p t h e smoke. (opt iona ional) l)
11
3.
a. Weld Weld t he chimney chimney t o t he chamber ch amber hole.
b. To make the carbonizer mor e st st urdy and durabl e (for 2 mont hs of cont inuous daily use), use), you can can also also at t ach 3-pc 3-pc of st eel (about half inch t hick, and 1 ft long long), ), conn connecti ecti ng t he chim ch im ney and and t he chamber chamber..
P h i l R i c e O p e n -t -t y p e ( w i t h o ut ut s m o k e s t a c k )
12
How t o m a k e t h e f i l t e r w i t h smokestack (optional) A f ilt er w it h smokes smokestt ac ackk can ca n be att ac ached hed t o t he open-t open-t ype carbonize carbonizerr t o t rap and and mini mize t he smoke smoke coming out of burning rice hull t hat m igh ightt causee air poll ut ion, es caus especially pecially w hen carbonizat carbonizat ion is done wi t hin a a resident resident ial area. Carbonizat Carbonizat ion is done pref erably under f ruit -bearing t rees becaus becausee t he smoke w ill be used used in t he fl owering of t hes hesee t rees rees..
1. a.
FOR TH E FILTER: FILTER:
Cut a 80 x 122 cm GI sheet #22 #22..
b. Use Use a met al puncher t o make a 40 holes at 2-cm diam et er ali gn gned ed at 10 x 10 cm di st ance. Fold Fold and clamp t og oget et her using using solder solder ing iron.
c. Clos losee one end en d of t he fi lt er by at t ac aching hing a circular-cut GI sheet sheet wi t h 9-10 9-1 0 cm hole at t he center. center.
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2.
FOR TH E FILTER’ S CHIMNEY CHIMNEY::
a. f oll ow same same pr oc ocedur edur es a & b of ca carr bonizer’ s chimney on page page 11. 11. b. c. Clos losee one end of o f t he chimney c himney by at at t ach aching ing a circular-cut c ircular-cut GI sheet. sheet. d. Lea eave ve abou aboutt 15 cm unpunc unpu nched hed holes h oles at t he upper up per part pa rt of t he chimchimney.. Punch about ney about 40 holes w it hin t he rem aining 107 107 cm area of t he chimney. e. At t ac ached hed a 20-c 20-cm m circumf eren erence ce GI GI shee sheett t o the upper uppe r port ion of of t he carboni zer’ s chim ney using using screw screw s.
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3. a.
Conn onnect ect t he f ilt er’s chimney t o t he ca carbonizer’s rbonizer’s chimney us using ing screws.
b . Pu t t h e f i l t e r ( st st o ck ck ed e d w i t h sa sa w d us u st ) at a t t h e t o p t o t r a p an a n d m i ni ni m i z e t h e smoke d uri ng carboni carboni za zatt ion. Us Usee 2-3 pcs of bamboo pol es ins insert ert ed eit her at t he adj adj ac acent ent holes or j us ustt below t he filt er t o keep ke ep it st urdy during during actual carbonizat ion in an open area. area.
durr i ng ac du actt ua uall carboni carboni zat i on
Carbo arbon nize izerr wit h fi lt er (smo (s mokes kestt ack - opt i onal) 15
REFERENCES Belonio , A.T. Belonio, A.T. “ Design and Evaluation of a Drum-type Rice Hull Carbonizer and the Manually-Operated Molder for BioCoal Fuel Production and for Agricultural Applications”. http://www.cpu.edu.ph/urc/abstract3.htm. February 2003. 6p. Ebara. Ebara Rice Rice Husk Husk Utilization, Utilization, A three-fold leaflet-brochure. “Production of Rice Husk and Electricity”. Ebara Corporation, 11-1 11-1 Haneda Ashai-cho, Ashai-cho, Otaku, Tokyo Tokyo 144 Japan. International Rice Research Institute. TropRice. “Rice Byproduct/Rice hull/ husks Uses” . http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/troprice/ rice_hull_Uses.htm.Los rice_hull_Uses .htm.Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. September 2002. pp. 1-3 SLCBC. “San Leonardo Charcoal Briquetting Corporation”. Geocities. http://www.geocities.com/slcbc_gpe http://www .geocities.com/slcbc_gpe/SLCBC.html. /SLCBC.html. 2002. p. 1 Pablico, S. MA. “Carbonization turns rice hull into cash”. Agriculture Magazine, February 2003. Vol VII (2) pp. 10-11, 58. Tadeo, B.D., B. D., R.C. Corales, C orales, R.E. R .E. Aldas, H.X. Truong, P.S. P.S. Ramos, Ramos , and N.A. Ablaza. “Development of eco-profitable agricultural products by system integration of biomass and other household farm wastes in the Philippines”. Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. http.www.philrice.gov http.www.philrice.gov.ph/biomass .ph/biomass utilization.html. September 2002. 5p. Taguinod, AC. PhilRice Ph ilRice Newsletter, Ne wsletter, “Rice hull: a golden waste”. Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. July-September July-September 2002. Vol. 15 (4). p. 8
Subject Matter Specialists for revised edition Contancio A. Asis Jr, Jr, PhD Rizal G. Corales Jocel C. Cordero Bernardo D. Tadeo, PhD
Managing Editors/Writers Editors/Writers Arturo C. Taguinod Ter eres esa a P. de Leo Leon n
Graphics Design and Layout Eladio M. Avellanoza Carlo G. Dacumos
Illustrations Illustrations Carlito N. Bibal
Photos Jocel C. Cordero Arturo C. Taguinod
Editorial
Advisers
Leocadio S. Sebastian, PhD Kathleen D. Solis
For more information, information, contact: Rice Engineering and Mechanization Division Philippine Rice Research Institute Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija Tel. No. (044) 456-0285; -0113; -0651 locals 309 & 311 Published 2005 by the Philippine Philippine Rice Research Research Institute. Readers are encouraged to reproduce the contents of this bulletin with acknowledgment.
PhilRice PhilRice is a government-owned and controlled corporation attached to the Department of Agriculture. It was created through Executive Order 1061 dated 5 November 1985 (as amended) to help develop high-yielding and cost-reducing technologies so farmers can produce enough rice for all Filipinos. It accomplishes this mission through research, development and extension (RD&E) through its central and branch stations coordinating with a network that includes 57 agencies and 70 seed centers strategically located nationwide. PhilRice is an ISO14001-certified agency. Its interdisciplinary programs are the following: (1) direct-seeded and (2) transplanted irrigated lowland rice; (3) hybrid rice; (4) rice and rice-based products; (5) rice-based farming systems; (6) policy research and advocacy; and (7) technology promotion. With these programs, PhilRice develops and promotes technologies that are ecosystem-based, location- and problem-specific, and profitable to the Filipino farmers.
for more information, text or call (0920)911-1398; write, visit or call:
PhilRice Central Experiment Station Science City of Muñoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija Trunklines: 63 (44) 456-0394, -0426, -0649, -0651, -0652 E-mail:
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