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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬   E‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٤٢٥ 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

   

   W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 

?? ?‫א‬‫א‬  ? ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬















 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEEFF‫א‬‫א‬W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬            ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ 

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

٠{٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W  K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

-٢-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

-٣-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٤-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ ٠{٢٥٠{١٥‫א‬‫א‬W

٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٣         

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ 

-٥-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬





-٦-



‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢

‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE‫א‬FF‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         

-٧-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  K،‫א‬‫א‬

         

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤

K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

-٨-



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

                 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٨ K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

-٩-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩ W

 KEE‫א‬FF‫א‬ J ١

K‫א‬ J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣ ١٢٠C‫א‬Z‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬ J ٤ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥

٢L٣C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z

 ١L٣C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬ ‫א‬













K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧

      



 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠ K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

   

   

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J ١٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١٨٠Z

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١ -













 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١٢٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬





 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٩٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬











KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  K‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫• א‬ K‫א‬ •

K‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • Kcoso‫א‬ • K‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •  EE‫א‬FF‫א‬W 

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W   K‫א‬W 

 K‫א‬W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W - ١٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W  W

 ٦٠L١١٣٤٣‫א‬٣٦‫א‬  ٦:١‫א‬  ‫א‬

١٨‫א‬  ١  ٤٥  ٠{٩٥‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١W‫א‬ ‫א‬–٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣  E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F



W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٦‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ٦٠ ٦{٣٥Z

١٢٠×٦٠  ١١٣٤

Z

×

‫א‬

٦٠×٢ ×‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ٢

Z‫א‬

Z‫א‬–١  W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦Z 36 Z 4

KZ 6 Z 3

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ - ١٤ -

Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢

Z‫א‬–٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٨٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤ 

 º٣٠Z 180 Z



6



 Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٨٠F ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤Z 120 Z 30

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣٦ ١ ٣٦‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ : ‫ﻻ‬ ً ‫أو‬  W‫א‬

 ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ١٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ٢٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ٣٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٣٦  Z‫א‬ ٣‫א‬ : ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 





‫א‬ U1 ‫א‬‫א‬E ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ‬  U2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣‫א‬ 

- ١٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

U1‫א‬‫א‬ ٤Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬ : ‫راﺑﻌًﺎ‬

 K‫א‬V1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴًﺎ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1

- ١٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬









 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٧ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 YL∆٣٨٠L٢٢٠٣٦٣٦‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦  K‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧ ‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬J ٨  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠  ‫א‬J ١١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢

KE‫א‬H‫א‬H‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣

- ١٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤

‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫ א‬J ١  ٣٤٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

KE‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   K‫א‬‫א‬ ١٢٠ X ‫א‬  Z‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤ Z ‫א‬   ٢٤ ‫א‬‫א‬  ٦ZZZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :   ٤‫א‬

٤Z٢X٦Z٢ X‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :  ٣٣     Z١X٦Z١ X‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬ ٣٣     

 ١٨٠ ٣٠Z  ZE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١٨٠ Z‫א‬‫ א‬: 

٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ٩٠  ‫א‬‫א‬

 



 Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬: ٩٠

 ٣Z ٣٠ Z 

- ١٩ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٢٤‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E٧W١،٥W١،٣W١F

- ٢٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٢٤‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 ٢E١W٥،٣W١F٢E٧W١،٥W١،٣W١F

- ٢١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ٤٢٤‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٧W١،٥W١،٣W١F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  ٤Z

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ZE٧W١،٥W١،٣W١F

ZKE٥W١،٣W١F

- ٢٢ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٣٦٢٤‫א‬   KER2FE‫א‬R1FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  KES2FE‫א‬S1FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬







٢٤‫א‬

L

 ٤



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٢٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٤٢٤‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E٦W١،٤W١F

- ٢٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٢٤‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٦W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

- ٢٦ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ٤٢٤‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬



 E٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E٦W١F‫א‬ 

- ٢٧ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

٣٦٢٤‫א‬  EEF‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 



 R2‫א‬R1‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬CS2‫א‬S1‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ٢٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٤٣٦٢٤‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 R2‫א‬R1‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬CS2‫א‬S1‫א‬‫א‬

 - ٢٩ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬







٢٤‫א‬  ٤



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٣٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٢٤‫א‬



 EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣١ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٢٤‫א‬



 EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٢ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٢٤‫א‬



 EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬

- ٣٣ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٣٦٢٤‫א‬  EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬







٢٤‫א‬  ٤



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٣٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 ٣٤٣٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   K

  ١٢٠ × ‫א‬   Z‫א‬  ‫א‬  ٣٦‫א‬‫א‬   ٩ZZZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ٤‫א‬  ٢٢     ٦Z X٩ZX‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ٣٣    ١١     ٣Z X٩ZX‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  ٣٣     ١٨٠E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F ١٨٠    ٢٠ZZZ‫א‬‫א‬W  ٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ٩٠    Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬   ٩٠  E٥F‫א‬٤{٥ZZ  ٢٠

- ٣٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣٤٣٦‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٩W١،٧W١،٥W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣٤٣٦‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣٤٣٦‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬E٩W١،٧W١،٥W١F‫א‬  



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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٣٦٢٤‫א‬ 

 KER2FE‫א‬R1FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  KES2FE‫א‬S1FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 

- ٤٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬







٢٤‫א‬

 ٤

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



- ٤١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣٦  KEF   K‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬  E٩W١،٧W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٢ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣٦   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬  E٩W١،٧W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

- ٤٣ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣٦‫א‬  KEF‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬  E٩W١،٧W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

- ٤٤ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٤٣٦٢٤‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  KEF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KER2FE‫א‬R1FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬CKES2FE‫א‬S1FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬



   - ٤٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

٣٦٢٤‫א‬  EEF‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ER2FE‫א‬R1F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬CKES2FE‫א‬S1FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٦ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬







٣٦‫א‬  ٤

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



- ٤٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٣٦‫א‬  E٧W١F  EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٧W١F‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٣٦‫א‬  E٧W١F  EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٧W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٤٣٦‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٧W١F  E٧W١F

- ٥٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٤٣٦٢٤‫א‬  KEF

- ٥١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A 

 ‫א‬ L 

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬



 ٣٦‫א‬  ٤

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٥٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

٢٢٠L١٢٧٢٢٤‫א‬  ١١٠‫א‬J W   W‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F

 ٢٤‫א‬‫א‬  ٢ZZ  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ٢

‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﻄﺎب‬



٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  X   ٣           ٢ ‫ ﻣﺠﺎرى‬١٦ ٢٤ = Z X ٣



٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  X ٣           ‫ ﻣﺠﺎرى‬٨ Z ١ ٢٤ = X ٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬

١٥ =

ْ ١٨٠

= ١٢ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ٩٠      Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

٩٠ ٦ Z ١٥ Z

- ٥٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١١٠٢٢٤‫א‬ 



 E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬



- ٥٤ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١١٠٢٢٤‫א‬ 



 E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 

- ٥٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬   ١١٠٢٢٤‫א‬ 



‫א‬‫א‬١١٠٢٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬

 

- ٥٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١١٠٢٢٤‫א‬ 



 ١١٠‫א‬W‫א‬ 

- ٥٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬



 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬







٢٤‫א‬  ٢



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬ ‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٥٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢  ٣٢٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ ٢٤‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢ZZ  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  

٢




٢  X ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ٣              ٢ ‫ ﻣﺠﺮى‬١٦ ٢٤ = Z X ٣



٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  X ٣             ‫ ﻣﺠﺎرى‬٨ Z ١ ٢٤ = X ٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬

١٥ =

ْ ١٨٠

= ١٢ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ٩٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

٩٠ ٦ Z ١٥ Z 

- ٥٩ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٢٠٢٢٤‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬

- ٦٠ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ٢٢٠٢٢٤‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬



 E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬



- ٦١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ٢٢٠٢٢٤‫א‬  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬‫א‬ 

- ٦٢ -



 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٢٠٢٢٤‫א‬  ٢٢٠‫א‬W‫א‬  K٢٢٠٢٢٤‫א‬

- ٦٣ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬







٢٤‫א‬  ٢



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٦٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٦٠٢٢٠L١٢٧٤٣٦‫א‬  E١١٠‫א‬FJ   W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ K١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 K‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 

٣٦‫א‬‫א‬  ٩ZZ  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  

٤




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  X   ٣           ٢ ‫ ﻣﺠﺮى‬٢٤ ٣٦ = Z X ٣ ٢



٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  X ٣      ١      ‫ ﻣﺠﺎرى‬١٢ Z ٣٦ = X ٣

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ١٨٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ 

‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬

٢٠ =

ْ ١٨٠

= ١٢ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ٩٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

 ٩٠ ٥٤{٥ Z ٢٠ Z



- ٦٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ١١٠٤٣٦‫א‬  

E٩W١،٧W١،٥W١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 

- ٦٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬ 



 ١١٠٤٣٦‫א‬  

E٩W١،٧W١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 





- ٦٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬   

 ١١٠٤٣٦‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 E٩W١،٧W١،٥W١F‫א‬  E٩W١،٧W١F‫א‬ 

  

- ٦٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 ١١٠٤٣٦‫א‬ 



 ١١٠‫א‬W‫א‬  

 ١١٠٤٣٦٢٤

110 V

- ٦٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A 

 ‫א‬ L 

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬



 ٣٦‫א‬  ٤

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٧٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣  K٦٠٢٢٠L١٢٧٤٣٦‫א‬ KE٢٢٠‫א‬F



 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣



٣٦‫א‬‫א‬  ٩ZZ  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  

٤




٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  C ٣              ٢ ‫ ﻣﺠﺮى‬٢٤ ٣٦ = X Z ٣



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W               ١ = =  ١٢ ٣ X ٣٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ 


٢٠

=

١٨٠ = ٩

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F  ٩٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

E٥F٤{٥ =

 ٩٠ = ٢٠



- ٧١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٢٠٤٣٦‫א‬  E٢٢٠‫א‬F 

 E٩W١،٧W١،٥W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬





- ٧٢ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٢٠٤٣٦‫א‬ 



 E١٠W١،٨W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 





- ٧٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٢٠٤٣٦‫א‬ 



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E٩W١،٧W١،٥W١F‫א‬  E١٠W١،٨W١F‫א‬  



- ٧٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٢٠٤٣٦  ٢٢٠‫א‬W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٢٠٤٣٦



      

- ٧٥ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W







‫א‬  ٢٤‫א‬  ٤



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٧٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤ 

EF٢٢٠L١٢٧٦L٤٢٤‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣  W‫א‬‫א‬



٢٤‫א‬‫א‬  ٦ZZ  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  

٤




٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  C    ٣          ٢ ‫ ﻣﺠﺎرى‬٤ ٦ = X Z ٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W               ١ = =  ٢ ٣ X ٦



E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ١٨٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬

٣٠

=

١٨٠ = ٩

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F  ٩٠     Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

٣ =

 ٩٠ = ٢٠

- ٧٧ -





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٢٠L١٢٧EF٦L٤٢٤‫א‬ 



 E٤‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 E٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬ 

- ٧٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٢٠L١٢٧EF٦L٤٢٤‫א‬ 



 ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E٥W١،٣W١F‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 EF٦L٤٢٤‫א‬  ٢٢٠L١٢٧  ١١٠‫א‬ 

 ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  E٦W١،٤W١F‫א‬

- ٨٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 EF٦L٤٢٤‫א‬  ٢٢٠L١٢٧  ١١٠‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨١ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 EF٦L٤‫א‬  

 ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢    

- ٨٢ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K١١٠٦L٤‫א‬ 

- ٨٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٢٠‫א‬ ٢٢٠

‫א‬

‫א‬

- ٨٤ -

−١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 



 ‫א‬

NZL



‫א‬ A

‫א‬ w‫א‬

‫א‬







 ‫א‬‫א‬







 ‫א‬

 ٤‫א‬

 ٦‫א‬‫א‬  

- ٨٥ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K٢٢٠‫א‬ ١L٢٠١L١٠٠‫א‬?‫א‬?W  K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫ א‬J ١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬W  K‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K،   KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F K٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ K٢٠٠١١٠‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ - ٨٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٥ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦ K K٧ K??    K٨ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K٩ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠ KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١ ‫א‬،  ‫א‬ K١٢  ‫א‬‫א‬٢٢٠ ‫א‬١١٠‫א‬ K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣ K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤ K٢٢٠١١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥ ٢٢٠‫א‬  ١١٠‫א‬  ‫א‬ K١٦ KK  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١١٠  K٢٢٠

- ٨٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬J ٣

K‫א‬J ٢

 K‫א‬J ١

‫א‬    ‫א‬ ١٥٠   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K١٧  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨ K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠

- ٨٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 



- ٩٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

L1

- ٩١ -

N

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬





‫א‬

 L

 

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٩٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬K  ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

 K٢٢٠L١١٠

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KE ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  K‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧  KK‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩  KEF

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠  K‫א‬‫א‬K - ٩٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١  K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢  K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٤  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٥

‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٦  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬١١٠‫א‬‫א‬J ١٧

 K‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬J ١٨

٢٢٠١١٠‫א‬J ١٩  K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢٠

 KE‫א‬F

- ٩٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

- ٩٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ A 

‫א‬

 L 

 ‫א‬ W

‫א‬



 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬

‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



 

 

- ٩٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ J ١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣

KK‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤

K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥ K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ J ٧  K‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬?‫א‬

- ٩٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨

??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٩  K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠           

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J ١٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٤  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٧

 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٨  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٩

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢٠

- ٩٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬WEUniversal MotorF ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K?‫א‬‫א‬?‫ א‬K١ K‫א‬ K٢

K?‫א‬?‫א‬ K٣ K‫א‬ K٤

K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

    



    - ٩٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



- ١٠٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬

- ١٠١ -

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ?E‫א‬‫א‬F?‫א‬‫א‬W   W‫א‬  KJ ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢  K?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬J ٣

 K?‫א‬?‫א‬J ٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥  K‫א‬‫א‬J ٦  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢  K K٣  K‫א‬ K٤

 K‫א‬W   W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١  K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢  K K٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  W‫א‬  K‫א‬ K١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

- ١٠٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١  K K٢  K K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬    

   



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬

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  

      

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬           ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬W   W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

         K‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J ١W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

- ١٠٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١

‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢  K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥  K

       

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ - ١٠٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K    K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

- ١٠٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢       



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥  K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧ - ١٠٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬?‫?א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠                 

- ١٠٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ A

 ‫א‬  L

 ‫א‬ W







 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  EF



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫א‬ ‫א‬ZZ ١٠٠٠



- ١١٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬  J   ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥،٣،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥،٤،٢F K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٣٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٣٦‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ KE‫א‬J ‫א‬–‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣  W‫א‬‫א‬W 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٢٠ C ‫א‬  ٣٦‫א‬‫א‬    ١٨ZZ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   Z ‫א‬  ٢‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     Z‫א‬W   ‫א‬   ٦ = ١٨ =  ٣  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F ١٨٠      Z ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ١٠ =  ١٨٠ =  ١٨  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ١٢٠      Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٢٠ = ١٢=  ١٠ 

- ١١٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬  E١٦W١F‫א‬

- ١١٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬  E١٦W١F‫א‬

 

- ١١٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٠W١FL‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

   - ١١٥ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٠W١FL‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ١١٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E١٣W١F  K٢٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٣W١FW‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- ١١٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

‫א‬ A 

‫א‬

 NLL

‫א‬ W





‫א‬  ‫א‬  Z‫א‬



 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬

K٦ ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣ ‫א‬ZZ ‫א‬

 ١٠٠٠

- ١٢٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

 ٦٠٢٣٨٠L٢٢٠–YL∆٢٤‫א‬  ٣  W‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦  W‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٠ X ‫א‬   Z‫א‬  ‫א‬  ٢٤‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢ZZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ٢‫א‬  



 ١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ١٢ZZZ‫א‬W   ٣‫א‬   ١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ١٨٠    ١٥ZZZ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  ١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ١٢٠    ١٢ZZZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ١٥‫א‬  



- ١٢١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٢W١،١٠W١F‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬



- ١٢٢ -

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٢W١،١٠W١F‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬ 



- ١٢٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬



- ١٢٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 

   - ١٢٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ??W‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٢W١،١٠W١F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٢W١،١٠W١F‫א‬??W‫א‬‫א‬ 



- ١٢٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 - ١٢٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

‫א‬ A 

‫א‬

 NLL

‫א‬ W





‫א‬  ‫א‬  Z‫א‬



 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆٢٢٤‫א‬ 

  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣ E‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F

٢٤

‫ ﻣﺠﺮى‬١٢ = ١٢

‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٤ =

‫ ْ درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬١٥ =

٢

٣

=

=

‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﻄﺎب‬

‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷوﺟﻪ‬



= ‫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬W  =‫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬W 

ْ ١٨٠

( ‫ ْ)اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬٨٠ = =‫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬W  ١٢ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ١

٣ ْ ١٢٠ ( ‫)اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬Cْ ١٢٠ ‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٨ = = = ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬W ‫א‬ ١٥

‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

- ١٣٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٦٠٢٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆٢٢٤‫א‬  ‫א‬E٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 





- ١٣٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٨W١،٦W١FEF ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆‫א‬  ٦٠٢   EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  E٨W١،٦W١F‫א‬



- ١٣٤ -







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 - ١٣٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

‫א‬ A 

‫א‬

 NLL

‫א‬ W





‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬  Z‫א‬

 

 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣ ‫א‬ZZ‫א‬

 ١٠٠٠



- ١٣٦ -

‫‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆٢٣٦‬‬ ‫א‪K‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫א‪ W‬‬

‫‪ K١‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ K‬‬ ‫‪ K٢‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪K‬‬

‫‪ K٣‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪K‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪F‬א‪–‬א‪‬א‪E‬‬

‫أو ًﻻ‪ :‬ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ =‬


‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﻟﻜﻞ وﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ آﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ =‬

‫=‬

‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫= ‪ ١٨‬ﻣﺠﺮى‬


‫=‬

‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫= ‪ ٦‬ﻣﺠﺎر‬

‫‪)ْ ١٨٠‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ ( ‪ْ ١٨٠‬‬ ‫= ‪ ْ ١٠‬درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آُﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ =‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬


‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ (‬ ‫‪)ْ ١٢٠‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫راﺑﻌ ًﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ =‬ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

‫‪- ١٣٧ -‬‬

‫‪ْ ١٢٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬

‫= ‪ ١٢‬ﻣﺠﺮى‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٣٦‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  E١٨W١،١٦W١،١٤W١،١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١FW‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

- ١٣٨ -

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ E F ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٢٣٦‫א‬    K‫א‬ ٣٦٢٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٣‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 K‫א‬EF

 E١٨W١،١٦W١،١٤W١،١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١F‫א‬ ‫א‬

- ١٣٩ -

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬EFW‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٤٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦٠٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٢٣٦  KE١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٤١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K٣–٢٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆‫א‬٣٦W  K‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬٣٦٢٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٣‫א‬‫א‬  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١F‫א‬٣‫א‬

- ١٤٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٤٣ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ Y  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬









‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆ 

 V‫א‬ 

A‫א‬ 











 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

NZL‫א‬  ‫א‬ 



 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣ ‫א‬ZZ ‫א‬

 ١٠٠٠



- ١٤٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  

E٧W١F٤٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆٢٤‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٦ =

‫ ﻣﺠﺮى‬٢ =

‫ ْ درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬٣٠ =

ْ ١٨٠ ٦

٦ ٣

=

=

٢٤ ٤

=

‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎرى اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﻄﺎب‬


= ‫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬:‫أو ًﻻ‬

= ‫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري ﻟﻜﻞ وﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ آﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ‬

(‫ ْ) اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬١٨٠ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬

= ‫ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آُﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬ 

‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٤ =

١٢٠ ٣٠

=

(‫ ْ ) اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬١٢٠ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺑﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

- ١٤٥ -

= ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬:‫راﺑﻌ ًﺎ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٢٤‫א‬  E٧W١F‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬



- ١٤٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٢٤‫א‬  E٧W١F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٤٧ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٢٤‫א‬  E٧W١F‫א‬

‫א‬



- ١٤٨ -

‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٢٤‫א‬  E٧W١F‫א‬

- ١٤٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ Y  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬









‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆ 

 V‫א‬ 

A‫א‬ 











 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

NZL‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣  ‫א‬ZZ‫א‬  ١٠٠٠



- ١٥١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

٤٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆٣٦‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣  E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٩ =

٩

‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٣ =

٣

=

٣٦ ٤

=

‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬



= ‫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬:‫أو ًﻻ‬

= ‫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﻟﻜﻞ وﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ آﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ‬

ْ ١٨٠ (‫ ) اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬١٨٠ ‫ ْ درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬٢٠ = = = ‫ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آُﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬ ٩

‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٦ =

ْ ١٢٠ ٢٠

‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻵﺧﺮ‬

(‫ ْ ) اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬١٢٠ = = ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آُﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺎت اﻷوﺟﻪ‬:‫راﺑﻌ ًﺎ‬ 

- ١٥٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٣٦  E١٠W١F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

    

- ١٥٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٣٦٣  E١٠W١F‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٣٦‫א‬  E١٠W١F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ١٥٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٣٦‫א‬  E١٠W١F‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ Y  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬









‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆ 

 V‫א‬ 

A‫א‬ 











 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

NZL‫א‬  ‫א‬ 



 Z‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣  ‫א‬ZZ ‫א‬  ١٠٠٠



- ١٥٧ -

‫‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆٤٢٤‬א‪K‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫א‪ W‬‬

‫‪ K١‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ K‬‬ ‫‪ K٢‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪K‬‬

‫‪ K٣‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪K‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪F‬א‪–‬א‪‬א‪E‬‬

‫ﻻ‪ :‬ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ =‬ ‫أو ً‬


‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﻟﻜﻞ وﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ آُﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ =‬

‫=‬

‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫= ‪ ٦‬ﻣﺠﺎر‬


‫=‬

‫‪)ْ ١٨٠‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ( ‪ْ ١٨٠‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ْﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ =‬ ‫‪٦‬‬


‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫= ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎن‬

‫= ‪ ْ ٣٠‬درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪)ْC١٢٠‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ ( ‪ْ ١٢٠‬‬ ‫= ‪ ١٢‬ﻣﺠﺮى‬ ‫=‬ ‫راﺑﻌًﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ =‬ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬

‫‪- ١٥٨ -‬‬

‫‪٣٠‬‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٢٤‫א‬W  E٧W١،٥W١F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٢٤‫א‬W  E٧W١،٥W١FW‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٢٤‫א‬W  E٧W١،٥W١FW‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٢٤‫א‬W  E٧W١،٥W١FW‫א‬ 

    - ١٦٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



   - ١٦٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ Y  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬









 ‫א‬

∆

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆ 

 V‫א‬ 

A‫א‬ 











 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

NZL‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ C‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣  ‫א‬ZZ ‫א‬  ١٠٠٠

- ١٦٤ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬٤٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆٣٦‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

E‫א‬J ‫א‬–‫א‬F

 W‫א‬‫א‬W   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 

‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٩ =

‫ ﻣﺠﺮي‬٣ =

٩

٣٦ ٤



=

٣

‫ ْ درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬٢٠ =

=

‫ﻋﺪد اﻷوﺟﻪ‬

= ‫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬-١

= ‫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﻟﻜُﻞ وﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ آُﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ‬-٢

ْ ١٨٠ ( ‫ ْ)اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬١٨٠ =

٩

=‫ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آُﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬-٣

‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ١

‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٦ =

ْ ١٢٠ ٢٠

=

٣ ( ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬ C )ْ ١٢٠ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬



- ١٦٥ -

= ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬-٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٣٦‫א‬W  ‫א‬  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١FW‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٣٦‫א‬W  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١FW‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٣٦‫א‬W  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١FW‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YL∆٤٣٦‫א‬W  E١٢W١،١٠W١،٨W١FW‫א‬  



- ١٦٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 



 - ١٧٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ Y  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬









‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٨٠L٢٢٠YL∆ 

 V‫א‬ 

A‫א‬ 











 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

NZL‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣ ‫א‬ZZ ‫א‬

 ١٠٠٠

- ١٧١ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

E٤W١F٣٨٠L٢٢٠YLY٨L٤٢٤‫א‬  W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣  E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F  K٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫ أﻗﻄﺎب‬٨ = ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﻄﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻷآﺜﺮ‬ ٢٤ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٤ =١ + ٣ = =١ ± = ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬ ٨ (‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﻄﺎب ) اﻷﻗﻞ‬   W‫א‬ ‫ ﻣﺠﺎر‬٦ =

٢٤ ٤

=

‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬

= ‫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬:‫أو ًﻻ‬

(‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﻄﺎب ) اﻷﻗﻞ‬

٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ZZ  Z‫א‬W   ٣‫א‬     

 ١٨٠E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F  ١٨٠  ٣٠ZZ Z‫א‬‫א‬W  ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     



 ١٢٠E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F  ١٢٠ 

 ٤ZZ  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  ٣٠‫א‬‫א‬    

- ١٧٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YLY٨L٤٢٤‫א‬  E٤W١F  E٤W١F٨L٤٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YLY٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  K٤‫א‬‫א‬٨‫א‬‫א‬W 

٢٢٠ = Y

٣٨٠

- ١٧٣ -

Y



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YLY٨L٤٢٤‫א‬  E٤W١F  E٨F‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬



- ١٧٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٤W١F٨L٤٣٨٠L٢٢٠J YLY‫א‬  E٨F‫א‬W‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

- ١٧٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  



- ١٧٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬

٤‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬ ٨









‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٨٠L٢٢٠YLY 

 V‫א‬ 

A‫א‬ 











 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

NZL‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ C‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣ ‫א‬ZZ ‫א‬ ١٠٠٠



- ١٧٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

E‫א‬F٣٨٠Y Y/∆٤L٢EF‫א‬٢٤

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣  E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬J  K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤‫א‬‫א‬  ٧Z١H٦ZZ١HZ‫א‬‫א‬  ٤‫א‬     ٢٤‫א‬‫א‬  ٦ZZZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ٦‫א‬       ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ZZZ‫א‬W   ٣‫א‬      

  ١٨٠E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١٨٠  ٣٠ZZ__Z‫א‬‫א‬W   ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ١٢٠E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١٢٠  ٤ZZZ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬  ٣٠‫א‬‫א‬     

- ١٧٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠YYL∆٢٤EF‫א‬  ٤L٢‫א‬

- ١٧٩ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٣٨٠YYL∆EF٤L٢٢٤‫א‬  E‫א‬F  E٧W١F

 

- ١٨٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

- ١٨١ -



 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬FEF٣٨٠L٢٢٠YYL∆‫א‬  W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١ E1u-1v-1wF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬YY‫א‬J ٢  KE2U-2V-2WF‫א‬

- ١٨٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ Y Y ٢

 ‫א‬

٤∆‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣٨٠L٢٢٠YY∆ 

 V‫א‬ 

A‫א‬ 



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 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

NZL‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 Z‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ C ‫ א‬C ‫ א‬C٣ ‫א‬Z Z‫א‬  ١٠٠٠

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬E١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢

KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E٣ KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦ K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E٧

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٩

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٠ 

 

      

            ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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