Dow Industrial Water Treatment Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant

Page 1 Dow industrial water treatment scale inhibitor and dispersant

Page 2 2 Dow industrial water treatment polymers pol ymers  based on acrylic (H2C = CH - COOH).  water-soluble polymer (molecular weight range 1000--100000).  homopolymer:  acrylic monomer is the only  copolymer:  acrylic acid with other monomers  other monomers include :  acrylate  acid  acrylic acid monomer   nonionic acrylic monomers  polymerization process:  radical polymerization  random aggregation

Page 3 3 Dow industrial water treatment polymers pol ymers  by changing the following parameters, you can get a polymer molecule design for different scale:  number of monomer   monomer species  monomer ratio  molecular weight  polymerization method  through a combination of design parameters can be prepared to address any one scale for industrial water treatment The scale inhibitor and programs.  Of course, a polymer is not a panacea, we often need to be combined in different inhibitor, Scale to achieve the best b est results.

Page 4 4 Industrial Water Treatment Scale

Na Ca Mg

K  Ba Sr CO 3 SO 4 PO 4 NO 3 Cl F SiO2 Green: soluble salt - Red: very low solubility salt Page 5 Dow industrial water treatment polymers Seeds effect ( Seed treatment ) + Salt seed Polymer segment Adsorbed on the salt seed polymer Polymer segment Typically, when the salt does not reach a certain seed size, seed formation and dissolution rate is A balance. By adsorption of the polymer, more conducive to the dissolution of the seed, upset the balance tilting To dissolve. After the seeds dissolved, the polymer will again adsorbed onto other salts seed, so the cycle Reciprocating.

Page 6 Dow industrial water treatment polymers 6 Dissociation ( Crystallization decomposition ) + + Crystals Polymer chains Wound crystalline polymer crystallization dissociation

Polymer chains After the polymer is adsorbed onto the salt crystal, since the polymer itself Internal stress makes crystallized gradually decomposed body dissociation, released at the same time The polymer will continue to adsorb to the other crystals.

Page 7 Dow industrial water treatment polymers 7 7 Dispersion ( Particle dispersion ) Polymer adsorbed on the surface to prevent accumulation of scale in the following wa y : Electrostatic repulsion (COOH , SO3 ) Sterically hindered (  Nonionic monomers )

Page 8 8 Dow industrial water treatment products  acrylic acid homopolymers 

Acumer 1000 - Acumer 1010

Mw 2000 

Acumer 1100 - Acumer 1110

Mw 4500  acrylic copolymer

 

Acumer 2200

Mw 2000 

Acumer 6600

Mw 10000  vulcanized copolymer

 

Acumer 2000

Mw 4500



Acumer 2100

Mw 11000  polymer

 

Acumer 3100

Mw 4500 

Acumer 5000

Mw 5000 Page 9 Industrial water treatment systems  cooling tower   closed system  open system  Open circulatory system  boiler   reverse osmosis membrane 9

Page 10 10 10

Exchanger Cold fluid Hot fluid Recirculating pump Cooling Tower A = Make up (m 3 / H) t 1 = Outlet cooling tower temperature (° C) Q = Recirculation rate (m 3 / H) t 2 = Inlet cooling tower temperature (° C) E = Evaporation rate (m 3 / H) P = Blowdown rate (m 3

/ H) Ev = Drifting rate (m 3 / H) C = Concentration factor Page 11 11 Industrial scale type cooling tower system  calcium carbonate The most common type of scale, insoluble in water  calcium sulfate Another common type of calcium scale, greater than the solubility of calcium carbonate  phosphate / zinc complex Anti-corrosion formulations commonly used in composite  iron Scale circulating water system due to corrosion caused by iron  silicate and silica Water containing some special kind of scale  soil

Page 12 12 Dow cooling tower with scale and dispersant

Acumer 1000 - Cooling Circuits 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Sulfate Scale Inhibition PO4 / Zn Precipitation Control Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Clay Dispersion Acumer 1100 - Cooling Circuits 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Sulfate Scale Inhibition PO4 / Zn Precipitation Control Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Clay Dispersion Acumer 2200 - Cooling Circuits 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Sulfate Scale Inhibition PO4 / Zn Precipitation Control Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Clay Dispersion Page 13 13

Acumer 2000 - Cooling Circuits 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Sulfate Scale Inhibition PO4 / Zn Precipitation Control Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Clay Dispersion Acumer 3100 - Cooling Circuits 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition

Sulfate Scale Inhibition PO4 / Zn Precipitation Control Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Clay Dispersion Acumer 5000 - Cooling Circuits 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Sulfate Scale Inhibition PO4 / Zn Precipitation Control Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Clay Dispersion Dow cooling tower with scale and dispersant

Page 14 14 Organic dispersant - Acumer 6600 versus Acumer 3100  Acumer 6600 is a good inhibitor of inorganic salts, and he has some surface activity. As such, Acumer 6600 is a good organic and inorganic dispersant. 0 2 4 6 8 10

Surf. Prop. Iron Ox. Disp Clay Disp. CaCO3 Disp PO4 Stab. 0 2 4 6 8 10

Surf. Prop. Iron Ox. Disp

Clay Disp. CaCO3 Disp PO4 Stab. Acumer 6600 Acumer 3100 Dow cooling tower with scale and dispersant

Page 15 15 Industrial cooling tower system  Scale :  Calcium carbonate is the main inhibitor type  generally used to Acumer 1000/1010  Acumer 1100/1110 have better results  Acumer 2200 especially for the high hardness of the water body  Acumer 2000/3100 applicable to iron water bodies  Acumer 5000 is a good inhibitor silicate or silica  Scale / Corrosion :  zinc salts and phosphates are usually used to prevent corrosion, but need to precipitate zinc oxide and phosphate were Control  generally used to Acumer 2000  Acumer 3100 applicable to water containing iron  organic scale :  prevent and limit the formation of biofilms and growth  Acumer 6600 Inhibitor can mix and match these to achieve the best results

Page 16 16 Industrial cooling tower system Phosphonate-containing formulations - Deionized water

40.7% - Phosphoric acid (75%) 11.0% - Potassium hydroxide 20.3% - Potassium pyrophosphate 6.5%

- Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic (HEDP) 4.0% - Acumer 2000 or 3100 15.5% - BTA 2.0% Dosage: 80-140 ppm Phosphorus and zinc compound formula - Deionized water

59.9% - Hydrochloric acid (20%) 10.0% - Phosphoric acid (75%) 8.5% - Zinc chloride (anhydrous) 4.0% --2- Phosphate butane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) 5.0% - Acumer 2000 or 3100 11.6% - Benzotriazole 1.0% Dosage: 80-140 ppm Corrosion and Scale Reference formula

Page 17 Boiler 17

Évaporation Exchan g er Bâche

Recycled steam Lost steam Blowdown Feed water Feeding pump Feeding tank  Make up water Page 18 Boiler scale system 18

 calcium carbonate  calcium sulfate  phosphate / zinc complex  iron  silica  soil  thermal stability 

Page 19 19 Boiler system

Acumer 1000 - Boilers 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Phosphate Dispersion Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Sludge Dispersion Thermal Stability Acumer 1100 - Boilers 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Phosphate Dispersion Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Sludge Dispersion Thermal Stability Page 20 20 Boiler system

Acumer 2000 - Boilers 0 2 4

6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Phosphate Dispersion Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Sludge Dispersion Thermal Stability Acumer 2100 - Boilers 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Phosphate Dispersion Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Sludge Dispersion Thermal Stability Acumer 5000 - Boilers 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Phosphate Dispersion Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition Sludge Dispersion Thermal Stability Acumer 3100 - Boilers 0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbonate Scale Inhibition Phosphate Dispersion Iron Dispersion SiO2 Scale Inhibition

Sludge Dispersion Thermal Stability 17.

Page 21 Twenty one Boiler system  Residual phosphate scale system :  generally used to Acumer 2000  Acumer 3100 applicable to iron system  Acumer 2100 applicable to the system in contact with food (FDA certification)  other scale systems :  recommended inhibitor complex system to achieve the best results scale  generally used to Acumer 1000/2000  Acumer 1000/2100 has passed FDA approval for food contact system  Acumer 1000/3100 applies to high iron content of the system  Acumer 1000/5000 applies to systems containing silicate or silica

Page 22 Twenty two Boiler Formulations containing phosphate - Deionized water

75.0% - Acumer 2000/3100 7.5% - Hexametaphosphate 15.0% - Potassium hydroxide 2.5% Note: ratio of polymer phosphate can hard water Degree mediation Dosage: 15 to 50 ppm All polymer formulation - Deionized water

29.6% - Acumer 1000 45.0% - Acumer 3100 15.0% - Sodium hydroxide 10.4% Dosage: 25 to 100 ppm

Scale Reference formula

Page 23 Reverse osmosis membrane Twenty three Twenty three membrane feedwater reject brine  permeate dissolved solids

Page 24 Reverse osmosis membrane

Principle Twenty four Twenty four

membrane water brine water brine applied pressure water brine osmotic pressure osmosis equilibrium reverse osmosis Page 25 25 Reverse osmosis membrane

Ac 2200 - REVERSE OSMOSIS 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 CaCO3 Inhib. CaSO4 Inhib.

SiO2 Inhib. Iron Ox. Disp Clay Disp.

Ac 1000 - REVERSE OSMOSIS 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 CaCO3 Inhib. CaSO4 Inhib. SiO2 Inhib. Iron Ox. Disp Clay Disp.

Ac 1100 - REVERSE OSMOSIS 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 CaCO3 Inhib. CaSO4 Inhib. SiO2 Inhib. Iron Ox. Disp Clay Disp. C

Page 26 26 Reverse osmosis membrane

Ac 2000 - REVERSE OSMOSIS 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 CaCO3 Inhib. CaSO4 Inhib. SiO2 Inhib. Iron Ox. Disp Clay Disp.

Ac 3100 - REVERSE OSMOSIS 0.0

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 CaCO3 Inhib. CaSO4 Inhib. SiO2 Inhib. Iron Ox. Disp Clay Disp.

Ac 5000 - REVERSE OSMOSIS 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 CaCO3 Inhib. CaSO4 Inhib. SiO2 Inhib. Iron Ox. Disp Clay Disp.

Page 27 Reverse osmosis membrane

Inhibitor type and amount of choice Inhibitor type and amount of choice depends on the water quality of the analysis and design of the entire plant Design and construction criteria.  In general, the amount of water added to the scale inhibitor in 2-20ppm  inhibitor may be added depending on the design of the plant process step by step  You can also choose different combinations depending on the scale inhibitor type  inhibitors should be used directly after soft diluted before use, dilute ANT ISCALANT Fluid should be used up in one day 27

Page 28 RO system Reverse osmosis membrane inhibitor of the benefits: 

Prevent the formation of inorganic scale, improve efficienc y films Maintaining the efficiency of the reverse osmosis membrane permeate Extend the life of reverse osmosis membrane, to maintain o smotic quality

Reverse osmosis membrane extend maintenance intervals Reduce maintenance difficulty 

Homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid suitable for c alcium sulfate, calcium and  phosphate scale 

Sulfated acrylic polymers and acrylic polymers suitable for iron oxide, calcium phosphate and silicic acid Salt or silica scale 28

Page 29 29 Dow Water Product Selection Guide

NAME APPLICATION * CHEMICAL NATURE Mw SOLIDS pH VISCO DOSAGE as is FEATURES / BENEFITS (%) (Typ, mPa.s) (Typical, ppm) Scale inhibitor for carbonates, sulphates and sparingly soluble salts and d ispersant. Particularly suitable for incorporation in acidic formulations. Scale inhibitor for carbonates, sulphates and sparingly soluble salts and d ispersant. Particularly suitable for incorporation in neutral or alkaline formulations. Scale inhibitor for carbonates, sulphates and oxalates. S pecially designed to comply with sugar industry regulations. Used alone or in acidic formulations Scale inhibitor for carbonates, sulphates and ox alates. Specially designed to comply with sugar industry regulations. Used alone or in neu tral or alkaline formulations Scale inhibitor for carbonates, sulphates and sparingly soluble salts and good dispersant. Particularly suitable for incorporation in acidic formulations. Scale inhibitor for carbonates, sulphates and sparingly soluble salts and good dispersant. Particularly suitable for incorporation in neutral or alkaline formulations. General purpose scale inhibitor and sludge dispersant Very good thermal stability Carboxylic sulphonated Phosphates and zinc stabilizer for anti-scale / anti-corrosion water treatment formulations copolymer Excellent silt dispersant. Enhances corrosion inhibition. Carboxylic sulphonated Same properties as Acumer 2000. Good iron oxides dispersant

copolymer Complies with FDA food additives regulation. Carbonates and sulphates scale inhibitor. Particularly effective for harsh running conditions (high pH, high temperature, high scalants concentration) Carboxylic sulphonated Sames properties as Acumer 2000. In addition, excellent efficiency in presence of non ionic terpolymer soluble iron where acrylic homopolymers fail. Excellent dispersant for iron ox ides Carboxylic sulphonated Same properties as Acumer 3100. In addition, excellent scale inhibitor and non ionic terpolymer dispersant for silica and magnesium silicate. Dispersant for organic and inorganic particles. Particularly effective as biofouling inhibitor Traceable polymer. Same properties as Acumer 1 000. A tracer is incorporated in the  polymeric chain, allowing a quick and easy concentration measurement using a test kit. Carboxylic sulphonated Traceable polymer. Same properties as Acumer 2 000. A tracer is incorporated in the copolymer  polymeric chain, allowing a quick and easy concentration measurement using a test kit. Carboxylic sulphonated Traceable polymer. Same properties as Acumer 3 100. A tracer is incorporated in the non ionic terpolymer  polymeric chain, allowing a quick and easy concentration measurement using a test kit. * B: Boilers - CC: Cooling Circuits - RO: Reverse Osmosis - TD: Thermal Desalination - PP: Pulp and Paper 3,8 - 4,6 270 10--30 Optidose 3100 CC / B / RO 4500 43--44 2,1 - 3,0 160 10--30 Optidose 2000 CC / B / RO 4500 42,5 - 43,5 47--49 3,2 - 4,0 190 10--30 Optidose 1000 CC / B / RO Acrylic homopolymer 2000 24--26 9,5 - 10,5

100 10--30 Acumer 6600 CC / RO Carboxylic copolymer 10000 Acumer 5000 CC / B / RO 5000 44--46 2,3 - 2,9 400 10--30 2,1 - 3,0 160 10--30 Acumer 3100 CC / B / RO 4500 43--44 54--56 3,5 - 4,5 500 10--30 Acumer 2200 CC / RO / TD Carboxylic copolymer 2000 3,8 - 4,6 270 10--30 Acumer 2100 B / PP 11000 36,5 - 37,5 4,3 - 5,3 225 10--30 Acumer 2000 CC / B / RO 4500 42,5 - 43,5 29--31 9,0 - 10,8 225 10--30 Acumer 1850 B Carboxylate polymer 30000 44--46 6,5 - 7,5 850

10--30 Acumer 1110 CC / B / RO Acrylic homopolymer 4500 47--49 3,2 - 4,0 800 10--30 Acumer 1100 CC / B / RO Acrylic homopolymer 4500 42--44 6,5 - 8,0 180 10--25 Acumer 1051 SUGAR Acrylic homopolymer 2150 47--49 3,2 - 4,0 190 10--20 Acumer 1050 SUGAR Acrylic homopolymer 2150 42--44 6,5 - 8,0 180 10--30 Acumer 1010 CC / B / RO Acrylic homopolymer 2000 47--49 3,2 - 4,0 190 10--30 Acumer 1000 CC / B / RO Acrylic homopolymer 2000