Diversity of Myllocerus Species (Coleoptera Curculionidae)

J(389) . Env. Bio-Sci., 2015: Vol. 29 (2):389-391

ISSN 0973-6913 (Print), ISSN 0976-3384 (On Line)

DIVERSITY OF MYLLOCERUS SPECIES (COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH PROSOPIS JULIFLORA Seema Kumar1 and Sanjeev Kumar2 1 Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342005 2 Desert Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, 342005 [Corresponding author E-mail2: [email protected]] 13 3-07-2015 Received: 1

Accepted: 03-10-2015

The present paper records Prosopis juliflora as as a new host for ten Myllocerus spp. spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the first time.

Prosopis juliflora is is an Invasive alien/exotic plant species of Fabaceae family. In the present study stud y, Prosopis juliflora has has been found to harbour very large population ofMyllocerus ofMyllocerus spp. spp. in Rajasthan. Prosopis juliflora is reported to host a wide spectrum of insects world over1-13. The genus Myllocerus Schoenherr, 1823 is distributed world over14. So far no species of Myllocerus have have been reported to host on or cause damage to Prosopis juliflora . This is the first record of Myllocerus species diversity found associated withProsopis with Prosopis juliflora .

MATERIAL AND METHODS Adults of Myllocerus spp. spp. were collected from Prosopis juliflora in different districts of Rajasthan during 2010-2015. Adults were collected from the Prosopis juliflora trees trees by spreading a white sheet below it and then shaking/tapping the branches. They were also collected directly from the leaves, stem and thorns of the tree by hand picking and also by using light trap with mercury bulb of 160 W at night in thick plantation areas of Prosopis juliflora thickets. thickets. The specimens were killed using ethyl acetate as killing agent and preserved dry in butter paper envelops in storage boxes with dichlorobenzene. The specimens were also directly killed and preserved in 70% alcohol. The specimens were pinned for identification. The species was taxonomically determined and confirmed by the experts.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Adults of Myllocerus spp. spp. were observed feeding on leaves of Prosopis juliflora in in different districts of Rajasthan during 20102015. Myllocerus spp. spp. are mainly foliage feeders. Adults Adults mainly feed on leaves and sometimes cause severe defoliation. The short snouted curculionid Myllocerus spp. are widely distributed and recorded from various trees, horticulture and

agro-forestry plants and many are also reported as pests of plant species14-33. Although in case of Prosopis juliflora no no mortality mortalit y was recorded in the field either at plants sapling or tree stage but population density was very high on an individual tree. The present paper reports for the first time Prosopis juliflora sustaining/supporting sustaining/supporting diversity of tenMyllocerus ten Myllocerus spp. spp. of class Insecta under order Coleoptera and family Curculionidae. These beetles are normally polyphagous in nature but have a selected host range. range . The adults are small 2.5 mm to 6.2 mm long, some are with various blackish spots or lines on thorax and elytra. The colour varies from yellowish-green, light to dark green, grey to brown which helps them camouflage with the colour of the leaves, stem and thorns and thus escape notice of their presence. The adults were found singly on the under-surface of leaves, on the upright shoot tips, the base of the stem near ground level and clinging at the base of the thorns. In general the eggs are laid in the soil. Larvae feed on roots and rootlets of various seedlings and young plants. Adults Adults emerge from the soil and feeds on foliage. The adults were active throughout the year ye ar with maximum activity by the end of July to last week of September. The species are diurnal but also attracted to light. The adults feign death for a short period of 30 to 50 sec. Many species ofinsectivorous of insectivorous birds and lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin, (Daudin, 1902) feed onMyllocerus on Myllocerus adults which serves as natural food for these biological control agents thus keep their population in check. It was also recorded that the agriculture fields havingProsopis having Prosopis juliflora as fencing were not infested by Myllocerus spp. The systematic account of the species and host range is discussed below:

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DIVERSITY OF MYLLOCERUS SPECIES

SYSTEMATIC SYSTEMA TIC ACCOUNT Order: Coleoptera Family: Curculionidae Subfamily: Otiorrhynchinae Genus: Myllocerus Schoenherr, 1823 1. Myllocerus dalbergiae Ramamurthy Ramamurthy and Ghai, 1988

Reported Host range: Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sisoo, Moringa oleifera, Tecomella undulata. New Host: Prosopis juliflora . Remarks: Also collected from Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sisoo, Moringa oleifera, Prosopis cineraria, Tectona grandis. 2. Myllocerus discolour Boheman, Boheman, 1834 caesia (Syn. Acacia intsia), Reported Host range: Acacia caesia (Syn. Acacia spp. spp.,, Aegle marmelos, Ficus spp. spp.,, Dalbergia lanceolaria paniculata, Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Morus alba, Populus spp. spp.,, Tamarindus indica, Tectona grandis, Tecomella undulata, Zizyphus jujuba, Carica papaya, Citrus spp. spp.,, Corchorus spp. spp.,, Eriobotrya japonica, Glycine max, m ax, Helianthus He lianthus spp., spp., Litchi Litchi spp., spp., Oryza Oryza sativa, Psidium spp. spp.,, Pyrus pashia, Prunus spp. spp. (Almond, Apricopt), Saccharum spp. spp.,, Solanum melongena, Triticum spp.,, Vitis spp. spp. spp.,, Zea mays. New Host: Prosopis juliflora.

3. Myllocerus dorsatus (Fabricius, 1798) Reported Host range: Azadirachta indica, Cedrela toona, Dalbergia sissoo, Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba, Prosopis cineraria, Santalum album, Tectona grandis, Toona australialis, Toona ciliata, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia, Citrus spp.,, Gossypium spp. spp. spp.,, Solanum tuberosum, Vicia faba , Vigna unguiculata. New Host: Prosopis juliflora. from Prosopis cineraria. Remarks: Also observed and collected fromProsopis

4. Myllocerus laetivirens Marshall, Marshall, 1916 Reported Host range: Acacia arabica, Acacia nilotica, Accaia senegal, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Tecomella undulata, Tectona grandis, Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana, Abelmoschus esculentus, Alceaspp. Alcea spp.,, Cajanus cajan, Cajanus indicus, Citrus spp. spp.,, Crotolaria juncea, Fragaria spp. spp.,, Glycine max, Grewia asiatica, Gossypiumspp. Gossypium spp.,, Malus spp. spp.., ., Medicago

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sativa, Morus alba, Pennisetum glaucum, Phaseolus aconitifolius, Prunus spp. spp. (Plum, (Plum, Apricot), Prunus persica, Prunus dulcis, Pyrus spp. spp.,, Punica granatum, Ricinus communis, Rosa spp. spp.,, Sesamum indicum, Tamarix, Tephrosia Tephrosia spp.,, Vigna catjung, Vigna unguiculata, Vignaspp. spp. Vigna spp.,, Zea mays. New Host: Prosopis juliflora.

5. Myllocerus nepalensis Ramamurthy Ramamurthy and Ghai, 1988 Reported Host range: Dalbergia sissoo, Cassia siamea. New Host: Prosopis juliflora. 6. Myllocerus subfasciatus (Gruérin-Méneville, (Gruérin-Méneville, 1843) spp., Arachis Arachis Reported Host range: Prosopis cineraria, Alcea spp., hypogaea, Boehmeria nivea, Corchorusspp. Corchorusspp.,, Gossypium spp. spp.,, Malus spp. spp.,, Prunus spp., spp., Solanum Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum. New Host: Prosopis juliflora.

Remarks: Also collected from Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sisoo, Prosopis Proso pis cineraria, Tectona grandis. 7. Myllocerus tenuicornis Faust, Faust, 1891 Reported Host range: Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sisoo, Acalypha spp. spp.,, Prunus spp. spp.,, Psidium spp. New Host: Prosopis juliflora. Remarks: Also observed and collected from Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo, Prosopis cineraria, Santalum album, Zizyphus jujuba, Zizyphus mauritiania. 8. Myllocerus fabricii Gruérin-Méneville, Gruérin-Méneville, 1843 spp., Casuarina Casuarina equisetifolia Reported Host range: Acacia spp., and cultivated crops. New Host: Prosopis juliflora. Remaks: Also recorded from Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis and Azadirachta indica.

9. Myllocerus severini Marshall, Marshall, 1916 Reported Host range: Shorea robusta and cultivated crops. New Host: Prosopis juliflora. 10. Myllocerus undecimpustulatus Faust, Faust, 1891 Reported Host range: This includes Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Albizia lebbeck, Acacia tortilis, Azadirachta indica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cassia siamea, Dalbergia sisoo, Leucaena leucocephala, Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Pongamia pinnata, Litchi chinensis, Prunus spp. spp.,, Psidium spp.,, Punica granatum, Pyrus spp. spp. spp.,, Zizyphus jujuba, Zizyphus mauritiana, Abelmoschus esculentus, Cajanus cajan,



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KUMAR AND KUMAR

Corchous spp. spp.,, Crotalaria juncea, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Eleusine coracana, Fragaria spp. spp.,, Gloriosa superba, Gossypium spp. spp.,, Helianthus annuus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Imperata cylindrica, Malus sp., sp., Oryza sativa, Pennisetum typhoideum, Saccharum officinarum, Sesbania aculaeta, Sorghum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Vigna umbellata, Zea mays. New Host: Prosopis juliflora.

Remarks: Also recorded from Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis, Acacia senegal, Dalbergia sissoo, Prosopis cineraria, Tectona grandis and and Tecomella Tecomella undulata. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are thankful tha nkful to the Director, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur and Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for encouragement and support for the research work. We are also thankful to Dr. V.V V.V.. Rammamurthy for the species specie s identification confirmation.

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Diversity of Myllocerus Species (Coleoptera Curculionidae)

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