1. Differences between Developed, Developing and Underdeveloped Countries
In order to classify a particular country for variety of term such as developed, developing or underdeveloped, the factor that used was according to their economics status based on per capita income, literacy rate, living standard etc.
Developed countries have industrial growth, whereas developing countries depend on the developed countries for help to establish their industries. Developed countries enjoy flourishing economy, whereas developing countries begin to taste the growth of economy and underdeveloped country on the other hand face a weak economic growth and poverty.
Other than that, the developing countries are characterized by many shortcomings. These shortcomings include less awareness regarding matters relating to health, poor amenities, shortage in water supply, shortcoming in the area of medical supply, a higher rate of birth rate. The most important and worrying factor in the developing countries are the factor of poor nutrition and source of food.
Indeed, poor nutrition is toward both mothers and infants are the main concern in the developing countries. Due to high birth rates, the probability of natural diseases is more in developing countries. Hence the death rates are also eventually high in developing countries. It is the same picture for underdeveloped countries which experience high death rate and health problem for their citizen since they are lacking in the health expertise and consciousness. Developed countries are characterized by a low death rate and low birth rate as well. There is usually a very small gap between the two rates in developed countries.
Developed countries are not characterized by shortcomings. They are well-developed in all fronts and are served well by water supplies, amenities, educational institutions, health care concerns. This is because of the fact that people are endowed with awareness about every possible aspect relating to human existence. The absence of shortcomings in the developed countries is possibly due to the fact there is a low birth rate in these countries. Nutrition is available in plenty to mothers and infants in developed countries. The invisible of these factors was distinguishing the developing and underdeveloped country to the developed country.
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Other differences between developed, developing and underdeveloped country Developed countries 1. Rate of unemployment is low 2. High Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita 3. Heavy emphasis on health 4. Heavy emphasis on education 5. Low Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 6. High Per Capita Income
Developing Countries 1. Rate of employment is low 2. Low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita 3. Poor health care 4. Poor education 5. High Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 6. Low or medium Per Capita Income
Underdeveloped countries 1. Rate of employment is very low 2. Lowest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita 3. Poor health care 4. Low level of education system 5. High Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 6. Very Low or medium Per Capita Income 7. Have a poor government
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2. Identify one country each from these countries: developed, developing and underdeveloped.
Develop country (Australia) Developing Country (Turkey) Underdeveloped country (Sudan)
3. Compare the three countries in the perspective of compensation and benefits for employees. Your answers must have at least the following items:
a. Legally required benefits and the respective acts/laws b. Cost of living (in USD, or in other standard COL index) c. Per capita income (in USD) d. Is there a minimum wage legislation set for all jobs? If yes, how much in USD. e. Personal and corporate income tax rate f. The biggest industry/sector
A. Legally required benefits and the respective acts/laws I.
Developed Country (Australia)
Retirement age is 65 for men and is increasing to 65 for women from 2014. It is then due to increase to age 67 in stages between 2017 and 2023. The state pension is means tested. The full state retirement pension from January 2011 is AUD 701.10 a fortnight for a single person and AUD 528.50 a fortnight each for a couple. This is reduced by income and assets, based on family status and home ownership. Death and disability benefits are provided on a means tested basis. Medicare, the national health scheme, provides permanent residents with free medical treatment or a rebate of scheduled fees.
Respective Law Industrial Relations Act 1999
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II.
Developing Country ((Turkey) Normal retirement age is 60 for men and 58 for women and is planned to increase in stages from 2035 to age 65 for both men and women. From 2008, the state retirement pension is 2.6% of average revalued earnings multiplied by years of coverage. The accrual rate is reducing to 2.0% in 2016. The state also provides survivors’ pensions, disability pensions and limited medical care. There are plans to introduce universal health insurance.
Respective Law Labor Act of Turkey Law No. 4857
III.
Underdeveloped country (Sudan) Annual leave of 20 days for employment duration of 1 year to 3 years. Other than that 25 days for 8 years till 15 years and 30 days leave for employees working more than 15 years. Indeed Sudanese employees entitled for 10 days paid leave for travel, holidays and official holidays. In term of maternity leave, the employees receive 4 week before and after confinement or can choose 2 weeks before and 6 weeks after the confinement if she wishes so. The employees also entitled for 15 days paid leave for hajj.
Respective Law The 1976 Industrial Relations Act
B. Cost of living (in USD) Basically indexes calculated are relative to New York City (NYC). Which means that for New York City, each index should be 100(%). If another city has, for example, rent index of 120, it means rents in average in that city are 20% more expensive than in New York City. If the city has rent index of 70, that means in the average in that city rents are 30% less expensive than in New York City.
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Attribute/Country
Australia
Turkey
Sudan
Consumer Price Index (Excl.Rent):
107.83
61.95
86.27
Rent Index:
51.03
17.08
30.35
Groceries Index:
87.43
45.83
79.51
Restaurants Index
112.03
47.53
35.93
Consumer Price Plus Rent Index:
88.67
42.47
63.91
Local Purchasing Power:
117.1
55.89
27.56
C. Per Capita Income (In USD) I. II. III.
Developed Country (Australia) = USD 39,407 Developing Country (Turkey) = USD 13,577 Underdeveloped Country (Sudan) = USD 2,380
D. Is there a minimum wage legislation set for all jobs? If yes, how much in USD. I.
Yes. Developed Country (Australia) = USD 3083.18
II.
Yes. Developing Country (Turkey) = USD 515.00
III.
Yes. Underdeveloped Country (Sudan) = USD 1.00
E. Personal and corporate income tax rate Personal Income Tax I. II. III.
Developed Country (Australia) = 45% Developing Country (Turkey) = 35% Yes. Underdeveloped Country (Sudan) = 17%
Corporate Income Tax I. II. III.
Developed Country (Australia) = 30% Developing Country (Turkey) = 20% Yes. Underdeveloped Country (Sudan) = 15%
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F. The biggest industry/sector
a. Developed Country (Australia) = mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
b. Developing Country (Turkey) = textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
c. Yes. Underdeveloped Country (Sudan) = oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
REFERENCES
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/49122/65103/E97SDN01.htm#a64 www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/law/industriallaw.htm www.intlben.com/.../turkey-employee-benefits-state-mandatory-priva... www.corporatesolutions.swisslife.com/etc/slml/slnw/obedl/.../Turkey.pdf www.intlben.com/.../australia-employee-benefits-state-mandatory-/australia.pdf https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html http://www.legalanswers.sl.nsw.gov.au/resources.cfm/lResourceIDs/1764/generalID/8/subjec tID/119/displayStyle/9/ http://www.workplace.gov.au/ http://www.portaloceania.com/au-work-law-ing.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_rates_around_the_world http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minimum_wages_by_country http://www.worldlink-law.com/businfo/australia/employment.htm http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/17128/
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