Difference Between Windows Server 2003 and 2008 and 2012 The following features are new to Windows Server 2003: •
Internet Information Services IIS! v"#0
•
Significant im$rovements to %essage &ueuing
•
%anage 'our 'our Server ( a role management administrative tool that allows an administrator to choose what functionalit) the server should $rovide
•
Im$rovements to *ctive to *ctive Director)+ Director)+ such as the a,ilit) to deactivate classes from the schema schema++ or to run multi$le instances of the director) server *D*%! server *D*%!
•
Im$rovements to -rou$ .olic) handling and administration
•
.rovides a ,ac/u$ s)stem to restore lost files
•
Im$roved dis/ management+ including the a,ilit) to , ac/ u$ from shadows of files+ allowing the ,ac/u$ of o$en files#
•
Im$roved scri$ting scri$ting and and command line tools+ line tools+ which are $art of %icrosofts initiative to ,ring a com$lete command shell to the net version of Windows
The a,ilit) to create a rescue dis/ was removed in favor of *utomated of *utomated S)stem ecover) ecover) *S!# *S!# Windows Server 2003 comes in a num,er of editions+ each targeted towards a $ articular sie and t)$e of ,usiness# Supported hardware capabilities across editions of Windows Server 20034156 Criteria
Web
Standard
Enterprise
%aimum $h)sical 7.s
2
9
8
"9
I*32
2 -B
9 -B
"9 -B
"9 -B
"9
;<*
32 -B
1 TB
1 TB
Itanium
;<*
;<*
2 TB
2 TB
%aimum *%
Datacenter
Windows Server 2008
Features
Windows Server 2008 is ,uilt from the same code ,ase as Windows =ista> =ista> therefore+ it shares much of the same architecture and functionalit)# Since the code ,ase is common+ it automaticall) comes with most of the technical technical++ securit) securit)++ management and administrative features new to Windows =ista such =ista such as the rewritten networ/ing stac/ native stac/ native I.v" I.v"++ native wireless+ s$eed and securit) im$rovements!> im$roved image,ased installation+ de$lo)ment and recover)> im$roved diagnostics+ monitoring+ event logging and re$orting tools> new securit) features such as Bit?oc/er and *S? and *S? address address s$ace la)out randomiation!> im$roved Windows @irewall with secure default configuration> #;AT @ramewor/ 3#0 technologies+ 3#0 technologies+ s$ecificall) Windows 7ommunication @oundation+ @oundation+ %icrosoft %essage &ueuing and &ueuing and Windows Wor/flow @oundation> @oundation> and the core /ernel+ memor) and file s)stem im$rovements# .rocessors and memor) devices are modeled as .lug and .la) devices+ .la) devices+ to allow hot$lugging hot$lugging of of these devices# This allows the s)stem resources to ,e $artitioned d)namicall) using Dynamic Hardware Partitioning > each $artition has its own memor)+ $rocessor $rocessor and I< host ,ridge devices i nde$endent of other $artitions#
Server Core
Default user interface for Server 7ore# Because Windows A$lorer is A$lorer is removed from Server 7ore+ $rograms such as ;ote$ad use theWindows theWindows ;T 3#st)le 3#st)le file dialog#
Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called Server Core# Core# Server Core is Core is a significantl) scaled,ac/ installation where no Windows A$lorer shell shell is installed# *ll configuration and maintenance is done entirel) through commandline interface windows+ interface windows+ or ,) connecting to the machine remotel) using %icrosoft %anagement 7onsole# 7onsole # Cowever+ ;ote$ad and some control $anel a$$lets+ such as egional Settings+ are availa,le# Server Core does Core does not include the #;AT @ramewor/+ @ramewor/+ Internet A$lorer + Windows .owerShell or .owerShell or man) other features not related to core server features# * Server Core machine Core machine can ,e configured for several ,asic roles: Domain controller <*ctive <*ctive Director) Domain Services+ *D?DS *D*% *D*%!+ !+ D;S Server + DC7. server + file server + $rint server + Windows %edia Server + IIS we, server and C)$er = virtual server# Server 7ore can also ,e used to create a cluster with with high availa,ilit) using failover clustering or clustering or networ/ load ,alancing# ,alancing#
*ndrew %ason+ a $rogram manager manager on the Windows Server team+ team+ noted that a $rimar) motivation for $roducing a Server 7ore variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attac/ surface of surface of the o$erating s)stem+ and that a,out 0E of the securit) vulnera,ilities in %icrosoft Windows from the $rior five )ears would not have affected Server 7ore
Active Directory roles *ctive Director) roles Director) roles are e$anded with identit) identit)++ certificate+ and rights management services# management services# *ctive Director)+ until Windows Server 2003+ allowed networ/ administrators to centrall) manage connected com$uters+ to set $olicies for grou$s of users+ and to centrall) de$lo) new a$$lications to multi$le com$uters# This role of *ctive Director) is , eing renamed as *ctive Director) Domain Services *DDS!# * num,er of other additional services are ,eing introduced+ including *ctive including *ctive Director) @ederation Services *D@S!+ *ctive Director) ?ightweight Director) Services *D ?DS!+ formerl) *ctive formerl) *ctive Director) *$$lication %ode+ %ode+ or *D*%!+ *ctive Director) 7ertificate Services *D7S!+ and *ctive and *ctive Director) ights %anagement Services *D%S!# Services *D%S!# Identit) and certificate services allow administrators to manage user accounts and the digital certificates that allow them to access certain services and s)stems# @ederation management services ena,le enter$rises to share credentials with trusted $artners and customers+ allowing a consultant to use his com$an) user name and $assword to log in on a clients networ/# Identity Integration Feature Pack is is included as Active as Active Directory Metadirectory Services# Services # Aach of these services re$resents a server role#
Failover Clusterin Windows Server 2008 offers highavaila,ilit) to services and a$$lications through @ailover 7lustering## %ost server features and roles can ,e /e$t running with little to no downtime# 7lustering In Windows Server 2008 and W indows Server 2008 2+ the wa) clusters are Fualified changed significantl) with the introduction of the cluster validation wiard#The cluster validation wiard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 2# With the cluster validation wiard+ an administrator can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that are intended to use as nodes in a cluster# This cluster validation $rocess tests the underl)ing hardware and software directl)+ and individuall)+ to to o,tain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can ,e su$$orted on a given configuration# ;ote: This feature is onl) availa,le in Anter$rise and Datacenter editions of Windows Server#
!yper"#
C)$er= architecture
C)$er= is h)$ervisor ,ased ,ased virtualiation virtualiation software+ software+ forming a core $art of %icrosofts virtualiation strateg)## It virtualies servers on an o$erating s)stems /ernel strateg) /ernel la)er# la)er# It can ,e thought of as $artitioning a single $h)sical server into multi$le small com$utational $artitions# C)$er= includes the a,ilit) to act as a Gen Gen virtualiation virtualiation h)$ervisor host allowing Genena,led guest o$erating s)stems to run virtualied# * virtualied# * ,eta ,eta version of C)$er= shi$$ed with certain 8""9 8""9 editions editions of Windows Server 2008+ $rior to %icrosofts release of the final version of C)$er= on 2" Hune 2 0n7@nd# *lso+ a standalone version of C)$er= eists> this version su$$orts onl) 8""9 architecture#While the I*32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install C)$er=+ the) can run the %%7 %%7 sna$in sna$in for managing C)$er=#
Windows Syste$ %esource &anaer Windows S)stem esource %anager WS%! is integrated into Windows Server 2008# It $rovides resource management and can ,e used to control the amount of resources a $rocess $rocess or or a user can use ,ased on ,usiness $riorities# Process Matching Criteria+ Criteria + which is defined ,) the name+ t)$e or owner of the $rocess+ enforces restrictions on the resource usage ,) a $rocess that matches the criteria# 7. time+ ,andwidth that it can use+ num,er of $rocessors it can ,e run on+ and allocated to a $rocess can ,e restricted# estrictions can ,e set to ,e im$osed onl) on certain dates as well#
Server &anaer Server %anager is a new roles,ased management tool for Windows Server 2008# It is a com,ination of Manage Your Server and and Security Configuration Wiard S7W S7W from Windows Server 2003# Server %anager is an im$rovement of the Configure my server dialog dialog that launches ,) default on Windows Server 2003 machines# Cowever+ rather than serve onl) as a starting $oint to configuring new roles+ Server Manager gathers gathers together all of the o$erations users would want to conduct on the server+ such as+ getting a remote de$lo)ment method set u$+ adding more server roles etc#+ and $rovides a consolidated+ $ortalli/e view a,out the status of each role# 4186
System requirements S)stem reFuirements for Windows Server 2008 are as follows: Criteria
2008
2008 %2
&ini$u$
7.
%eco$$ended
•
1 -C I*32!
•
1#9 -C 8"
&ini$u$
%eco$$ended
1#9 -C 8""9 or
2 -C
2 -C
Itanium!
"9 or Itanium! *%
512 %B
2 -B
512 %B
2 -B
ther editions+
•
32,it: 20 -B ther editions+
•
CDD4a6
@oundation:
•
10 -B
90 -B
"9,it: 32 -B
@oundation:
•
10 -B
ther
•
ther
•
editions: 32 -B
@oundation: 10
editions: 32 -B
-B436 Device
D=D drive+ drive+ 800 J "00 dis$la) dis$la)++ /e),oard /e),oard and and mouse
s
Scalability Windows Server 2008 su$$orts the following maimum hardware s$ecifications: Specification
Windows Server 2008 S'2 Standard: 9
•
.h)sical $rocessors
•
when C)$er= is disa,led
•
?ogical $rocessors
•
I*32:: 32 I*32
Standard: 9 Anter$rise: 8 Datacenter: "9 25"
"9:: "9 "9
"9
"9:: 29 "9 Standard+ We,: 9 -B
•
%emor)
•
I*32:: ;<* I*32
•
when C)$er= is ena,led
•
Datacenter: 32
•
?ogical $rocessors
•
Anter$rise: 8
•
Ksoc/etsK!
Windows Server 2008 %2
Anter$rise+ Datacenter: "9
on I*32
;<*
-B %emor)
Standard+ We,: 32 -B
•
on "9
•
•
C.7: 128 -B
@oundation: 8 -B
•
Standard+ We,: 32 -B
•
Anter$rise+ Datacenter: 1
•
C.7: 128 -B
TB %emor)
•
Anter$rise+ Datacenter: 2 TB
2 TB
on Itanium
Windows Server 20(2
2 TB
Features
)nstallation options nli/e its $redecessor+ Windows Server 2012 can switch ,etween K Server 7oreK 7oreK and KServer with a -I -IKK installation o$tions without a full reinstallation# Server 7ore an o$tion with a commandline interface onl) is now the recommended configuration# There is also a third installation o$tion that allows some -I elements such as %%7 %%7 and and Server %anager to run+ ,ut without the normal des/to$+ shell or default $rograms li/e @ile A$lorer
*ser interface Server %anager has ,een redesigned with an em$hasis on easing management of multi$le servers# The o$erating s)stem+ li/e Windows 8+ uses the %etro,ased user interface unless interface unless installed in Server 7ore mode# Windows Store is availa,le in this version of Windows ,ut is not installed ,) default# Windows .owerShell in .owerShell in this version has over 2300 commandlets+ com$ared to around 200 in Windows Server 2008 2
+as, +as, &anaer Windows Server 2012 includes a new version of Windows of Windows Tas/ %anager together together with the old version# In the new version the ta,s are hidden ,) default+ showing a$$lications onl)# In the new .rocesses ta,+ the $rocesses are dis$la)ed in var)ing shades of )ellow+ with dar/er shades re$resenting heavier resource use# It lists a$$lication names and status+ as well as 7. 7.++ memor) memor)++ hard dis/ and networ/ networ/ utiliation# utiliation# The $rocess information found in the older versions are now moved to the new Details ta,# The .erformance ta, shows K7.K+ K%emor)K+ KDis/K+ KWi@iK and KAthernetK gra$hs# The 7. ta, no longer dis$la )s individual gra$hs for ever) logical $rocessor on the s)stem ,) default+ although that remains an o$tion# *dditionall)+ it can dis$la) data for each nonuniform memor) access ;%*! node# When dis$la)ing data for each logical $rocessor for machines with more than "9 logical $rocessors+ the 7. ta, now dis$la)s sim$le utiliation $ercentages on heatma$$ing tiles#The color used for these heat ma$s is ,lue+ with
dar/er shades again indicating heavier utiliation# Covering the cursor over an) logical $rocessors data now shows the ;%* node of that $rocessor a nd its ID+ if a$$lica,le# *dditionall)+ *dditionall)+ a new Startu$ ta, has ,een added that lists startu$ a$$lications+ however this ta, does not eist in Windows Server 2012#The new tas/ manager recognies when a Windows Store a$$ Store a$$ has the KSus$endedK status#
)' address $anae$ent -)'A&. Windows Server 2012 has an I. address management role for discovering+ monitoring+ auditing+ and managing the I. address s$ace address s$ace used on a cor$orate networ/# The I.*% I.*% is used for the management and monitoring of Domain ;ame S)stem D;S! and D)namic Cost 7onfiguration .rotocol DC7.! .rotocol DC7.! servers# Both I.v9 I.v9 and and I.v" are full) su$$orted#
Active Directory Windows Server 2012 has a num,er of changes to *ctive to *ctive Director) from the version shi$$ed with Windows Server 2008 2# The *ctive Director) Domain Services installation wiard has ,een re$laced ,) a new section in Server %anager+ and a -I has ,een added to the *ctive Director) ec)cle Bin# %ulti$le $assword $olicies can ,e set in the same domain# *ctive Director) in Windows Server 2012 is now aware of an) changes resulting from virtualiation+ and virtualied domain controllers can ,e safel) cloned# $grades of the domain functional level to Windows Server 2012 are sim$lified> it can ,e $erformed entirel) in Server %anager# *ctive Director) @ederation Services is no longer reFuired to ,e downloaded when installed as a role+ and claims which can ,e used ,) the *ctive Director) @ederation Services have ,een introduced into the Ler,eros to/en# Windows .owershell commands used ,) *ctive Director) *dministrative 7enter can ,e viewed in a K.owershell Cistor) =iewerM#
!yper"# Windows Server 2012+ along with Windows 8+ includes a new version of C)$er= C)$er=++ as $resented at the %icrosoft BI?D event# %an) new features have ,een added to C)$er=+ including networ/ virtualiation+ multitenanc)+ storage resource $ools+ cross$remises connectivit)+ and cloud ,ac/u$# *dditionall)+ man) of the former restrictions restrictions on resource consum$tion consum$tion have ,een greatl) lifted# Aach Aach virtual machine in this version of C)$er= can access u$ to "9 virtual $rocessors+ u$ to 1 tera,)te of memor)+ and u$ to "9 tera,)tes of virtual dis/ s$ace $er virtual hard dis/ using a new #vhd format!# $ to 1029 virtual machines can ,e active $er host+ and u$ to 8000 can ,e active $er failover cluster# S?*T is S?*T is a reFuired $rocessor feature for C)$er= on Windows 8+ while for Windows Server 2012 it is onl) reFuired for the su$$lementar) emote@G role#
%eFS
esilient @ile S)stem e@S!+ codenamed K.rotogonK is a new file s)stem in s)stem in Windows Server 2012 initiall) intended for file servers that servers that im$roves on ;T@S ;T@S in in some res$ects# %aNor new features of e@S include: Some ;T@S features are not su$$orted in e@S+ including named streams+ streams+ o,Nect IDs+ IDs+ short names++ file com$ression+ names com$ression+ file level encr)$tion A@S!+ A@S! + user data transactions+ transactions + hard lin/s+ lin/s+ etended attri,utes++ and dis attri,utes dis/ / Fuota F uotas s+ S$arse files are files are
))S 8/0 Specifications
Foundation4556
Essentials
Distri,ution
A% onl)
etail+ volume licensing+ A%
?icensing model
.er server
.er server
1
2
32 -B
"9 -B
15
25
1 standalone D@S root
1 standalone D@S root
.rocessor chi$ limi
%emor) limit
ser limit
@ile sharing l sharing liimits
;etwor/ .olic) and *ccess Services limits
emote Des/to$ Services limits
=irtualiation rights
50 *S connections and 10 I*S connections
50 emote Des/to$ Services connections
;<*
250 *S connections+ 50 I*S connec 2 I*S Server -rou$s
-atewa) onl)
Aither in 1 =% or 1 $h)sical server+ ,ut
once
*ctive Director) ?ightweight
'es
'es
'es
'es
'es
'es
'es 'es
.artial
DC7. r DC7. ro ole
'es
'es
D;S server ro role
'es
'es
@a server role
'es
'es
.rint and document services
'es
'es
Server %anager
'es
'es
DDI services
'es
'es
'es
'es
Director) Services
*ctive Director) @ederation Services
*ctive Director) ights %anagement Services
*$$lication server role
We, services Internet Internet Information Services!! Services
Windows De$lo)ment Services
'es
'es
Windows .owershell
'es
'es
%ust ,e root of forest and domain
'es
7ertificate *uthorities onl)
7ertificate *uthorities onl)
C)$er=
;o
;o
Server 7ore mode
;o
;o
Windows Server $date Services
;o
;o
*ctive Director) Domain Services Services
*ctive Director) 7ertificate 7ertificate Services
Windows Server 2012 includes version 8#0 of Internet Information Services IIS!# Services IIS!#
Scalability Windows Server 2012 su$$orts the following maimum hardware s$ecifications+ Windows Server 2012 im$roves over its $redecessor W indows Server 2008 2: Specification
Windows Server 20(2
Windows Server 2008 %2
.h)sical $rocessors
"9
"9
"90
25"
320
"9
9 TB
2 TB
"9
1"
?ogical $rocessors when C)$er= C)$er= is is disa,led ?ogical $rocessors when C)$er= is ena,led %emor) @ailover cluster nodes in an) single cluster!
System requirements &ini$u$ syste$ reuire$ents for Windows Server 20(2 'rocessor
1#9 -C+ "9
&e$ory
512 %B
Free dis, space
32 -B more if there is at a t least 1" -B of *%!
Windows Server 2012 runs onl) on "9 $rocessors# nli/e its $redecessor+ Windows Server 2012 does not su$$ort Itanium Itanium## $grades from Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 2 are su$$orted+ although u$grades from $rior releases are not#
Editions Windows Server 2012 has four editions: @oundation+ Assentials+ Standard and Datacenter#
