DIETS MODIFIED IN COMPOSITION A. Low in Calorie a.
Indication:
Obesity; overweight, cardiac, hypertensive, arthritic or diabetic individuals; hypothyroidism; prolonged bed rest or in elderly persons. b. Calories are reduced reduced by limiting carbohydrates and and fats while while keeping protein at the normal level of of 1.1 gm or more per per kg body weight per day. However, very low calorie diets, 1200 kcal or less, require vitamin and mineral supplementation.
Food Group
Allowed
Restricted
Vegetable
All
None
Fruit
All, fresh, canned in water only
Candied or canned in syrup
Meat or substitute
Boiled, broiled, baked; lean beef, pork, chicken, fish, eggs: skim milk, cheese, beans and legumes
With excessive fat or fried or processed with oil, cream, whole milk, cheese.
fat
none
Gravies, sauces, cream, nuts, coconut, salad dressings.
Sugar and sweets, dessert
Gulaman, gelatin with little sugar
Jam jelly, marmalade syrup, candy, honey, chocolate bars
beverage
Calamansi, coffee, tea with artificial sweetener, diet carbonated beverages in moderation
Regular, carbonated and alcohol drinks, milk shakes and malted milk
soup
Fat free meat, chicken, or fish broth
Cream soups
miscellaneous
Spices, condiments w/o sugar
Snack foods eg. Popcorn, snack chips
B. High Calorie a.
Indication: Underweight, hyper catabolic conditions like hyperthyroidism, injury, burns, fever and infections
b. Just reverse the above regimen for low calorie diet. Increase intake of foods foods in the right column column (restricted group for low calorie diet). Increase snacks. C. High Protein a. Indication: before and after surgery, hypercatabolic conditions, hepatitis, portal cirrhosis ( no impending hepatic coma), nephrosis, chronic nephritis with albuminuria and hypoproteinemia, convalescence from catabolic illness. b. Provides 1.5 gms of of protein or more per kg of body body weight per per day or where protein in increased by 50 to 100% above above the normal allowance. Food Group
Allowed
Restricted
Meat or substitute
Soybean or lactose milk, cooked sweet beans, tofu, nuts, peanut butter, meat, fish, eggs, ice cream, cake, custard cookies
none
D. Low Protein a. Indication: AGN with impaired renal function, CRF with impaired renal function without HTN, advanced liver disease with hepatic insufficiency or encephalopathy. b. This diet provides about 30 grams of protein per day. This is achieved with a liberal use of carbohydrates and fat. Cereals, beans and nuts used in limited amounts. The diet is low in Vitamin b and iron. c.
Low-protein = 0.6 gm/kg BW/day
Normal Protein = 1.1 gm/kg BW High Protein = 1.5 gm/kg BW
Food Group
Allowed
Restricted
Vegetable
All except legumes
Legumes
Fruit
all
Meat and Substitute
All except nuts, seeds and beans in allowed amounts
Fat
Cooking fats, butter. Margarine, salad Coconuts, other nuts oils and dressings
Sugar and sweets
all
None
Dessert
Plain arrow roots or cornstarch and puddings, nata de coco, matamisnabao, kondol, sago, kaong, kamotengkahoy
Those with milk, eggs, nuts, cereals. E.g. ice cream, bibngka, cookies, custard, etc.
miscellaneous
Sotanghon, sauces thickened with cornstarch only, herbs and spices in moderation
E. Low Fat/Low Cholesterol a.
Indication:
i. Low Fat weight reduction, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, atherosclerosis, portal cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, sprue, fat malabsorption ii.
Low Cholesterol hypercholesterolemia, CAD, adults with history of heart disease (as primary preventive measure)
b. Low fat provides no more than 15% of total calories or about 1800 kcal aand 30 grmsfaT. Since absorption of fat soluble vitamins is impaired when fat intake is low, supplementation of the diet with these vitamins, especially vitamin a, is desirable. c. Low cholesterol diet regulates both the amounts and type of fat. It is planned to provide 15-25% of the total calories of fat. Dietary cholesterol is kept at less than 30mg /day
Food Group
Allowed
Restricted
vegetable
All, cooked w/o added fat
Fried, buttered, creamed
Milk
Whole or evaporated cows milk in moderation
Carabvaois milk, condensed milk
Rice or substitute
All cereals, roots, tubers; macaroni, spaggetti, pan de sal
Mami, miqui, breads with added fats eg croissants, muffins, pancakes, sweet rolls, biscuits
Meat, fish or substitute
Lean, w/o skin and fat, boiled, broiled Fried or canned in oil, processed and or baked, egg cooked in any way canned or frozen meats, drippings except fried, skim milk from meat, internal organs, fried eggs, sausages, lobster, shrimp heads, oyster, clam, crab (aligui), cream cheese, whole milk, nuts
Fat
None
Cream, butter oil, salad dressings, mayonnaise, gravies, chicharon
Desserts
Gelatin, fruit ices, angel cake
Pies, and pastries, chocolate
F. Low Carbohydrate Diet a.
Indication: COPD, dumping syndrome
b.
Provides no more than 50% of total calories, diet is higher in fat and protein than the normal diet.
Food Group
Allowed
Vegetable
Restricted Starchy vegetables
milks Rice or substitute
unsweetened all
Condensed, chocolate cocoa
Meat or substitute
All except beans
Beans and bean product
Sweets
None
All
Desserts
Gelatin, artificial sweeteners
All
Beverages
Coffee, tea w/o sugars
All
Soups
Clear broth
Thickened with flour or cornstarch
Miscellaneous
Spices and condiments w/o sugar
Sweet pickles, catsup. Gravies, popcorn
G. Low Sodium Diet a.
Indication: CHF with edema, HTN, liver disease with ascites, glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome, ARF and CRF
b. Regular Diet of 2800 to 6000 mg sodium or 7-15 grams of table salt. No salt is used in the preparation and service of meals. Food Group
Allowed
Restricted
Soups
Plain broths w/o salt
Canned soups, bouillon cubes and meat extracts
Protein rich foods
One egg per day only
Canned, salted, cured, processed meat, smoked, fish, poultry: cheese, peanut butter
Vegetables
All fresh
Spinach, kinchay, mustard, beets
Fats
Unsalted fats, butter
Commercial salad dressings, salted or margarine, nuts, chicharon, snack chips
Miscellaneous
Commercial sauces and seasonings: bagoong, patis, soy sauce, tausi
H. Low Potassium a.
Indication: hyperkalemia, acute and chronic renal disease
b. This is a diet in which the potassium content is reduced to about 1.0 to 1.8 grams (25-46 meq) per day. The usual diet contains about 2 to 6 grams (51.3 to 153.6 mEq) daily, coming mainly from vegetables, cereals, fruits, meat, fish and poultry. Vitamins A and C are likely to be low and must be provided in the form of supplements. The diet should be used for limited periods as supplements to medical therapy. Food Group
Allowed
Restricted
Vegetable
Potato, tomato, ampalaya, cabbage, sitaw(in allowed amounts
Cauliflower, celery. Mushroom, squash, all leafy vegetables
Fruit
Fresh pineapple ( in allowed amounts) Apple, latundan, ornage, papaya, lanzones, melon, santol
Meat or substitute
Alimango, ali9masag, oyster, frankfurters, sausages, tokwa, beans, cottage chesses, sardines
Fat
Butter, margarine, mayonnaise, skim Coconut milk, avocado, peanut butter milk
Miscellaneous
White sugar, plain gelatin, vinegar, garlic, ginger, vanilla, mustard
Catsup, cream of tartar, yeast, brown sugar, panotsa
I. Low Uric acid / Low Purine diet a.
Indication: Hyperuricemia, gout
b. Low purine diet is about 120-150 mg/day whereas regular diet contains as much as 600-1000 mg/day. Diet should be relatively high in carbohydrate and low in fat since carbohydrate have been shown to favor uric acid excretion while fats tend to favor retention. A liberal intake of fluids is helpful in eliminating excess uric acid and in minimizing calculi formation. Food Group
Allowed
Restricted
Vegetable
All except those restricted
Asparagus, cauliflower, mushroom, spinach
Rice or substitute
Rice, cereals
Oatmeal, whole wheat and whole grain cereals
Meat or substitute
Milk, cheese, meat in allowed amounts only
Mussels, meat extracts, brain, internal organs, beans, lentils, legumes, sardines, tunsoy, tamban, mackerel (alumahan, hasa-hasa, tanigui), anchovies (dilis, bagoong), tahong
Beverages
Milk, tea, coffee
Alcoholic beverages
Miscellaneous
Gelatin, fruits
Gravies(sarsa), meat extracts, patis, yeast, nuts
