Design of Machine Elements. Virgil Moring Faires. 0023359501 "A new machine is born because there is a real or imagined need for it. It evolves from someone's conception of a device wit…Full description
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Design of Machine Elements. Virgil Moring Faires. 0023359501 "A new machine is born because there is a real or imagined need for it. It evolves from someone's conception of a device wit…Descrição completa
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procedure for designing steel structures
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A hammer mill with an end-suction lift capability has been designed, fabricated and tested. The tests were carried out by comparing the product of a conventional hammer mill with that of th…Full description
Design of lintels: Distribution of Loads: The angle of distribution distribution of concentrated concentrated loads shouldn’t exceed 30 degrees with the vertical.
Arching action: The phenomenon by which part of the load over an opening in the wall gets transferred to the sides of the opening in masonry masonry is called called arching. For arching to be eective: •
•
asonry unit must have su!cient shear strength and must be laid in suitable bond The mortar must be of good "uality
Design of Lintel: Assumptions:
#. $oad from the lintel gets uniformly distributed over the supports %. &ue to arch action masonry and 'oor loads above the triangle ()* get uniformly distributed over the stretches of masonry +& and ,F at the so!t level of the lintel and over the stretches - and / at the 'oor level. 3. +& and ,F being limited in length to $1% while - and / limited in length to $ or 2$41% whichever is less. 5. For the assumption of the arching action to be valid: a. $ength of walls on both sides of an opening should be at least half the eective span of the opening 67& b. Floor slab and roof slab doesn’t fall into the triangle 67& c. The is no opening intercepting the triangular region 67& d. There is no concentrated load within the triangular portion
8. 9n violation of any of these conditions lintel should be designed for full load over the opening up till the height of the 'oor slab.
9n this case less lintel should be designed for full load over the opening regardless of the height of the 'oor slab shown
The lintel is designed for load of masonry contained in the e"uilateral triangle plus load from the 'oor falling within the triangle.
Permissible Stresses:
(ermissible stress: f b ;s;a;p f b < =asic compressive strength based on crushing strength of masonry unit and grades of mortar assuming: • • •
> ) not exceeding ? @ero ,ccentricity masonry unit having height to width ratio 2 as laid 4 e"ual to 0.A8 or less
Alternatively basic compressive stress may be based on results of prism test on masonry made from masonry units and mortar to be actually used in a particular job. Stress reduction factor B • •
>lenderness ratio of the element The eccentricity of loading.
Area reduction factor >mallness of the sectional area of the element and is applicable when sectional area of the element is less than 0.% m%. The factor ; < 0.A C #.8 6 6 being the area of section in m%. Shape modication factor eight to width ratio 2as laid4 this factor is applicable for units of crushing strength up to #8 71mmD
