\an ?3rl Oenkke`b Cjkdnrnkcn jd tan Cjkcrntn Ekstetutn jd @ustr`be`
Lnseik Jd @kcajr Ojbts Ek ]nlnst`bs ^seki @CE 301, @ppnklex L 0
?
Hesaj Grsteca , Cares _jaln 0 Snkejr Ceveb-Structur`b Nkieknnr, @usnkcj, Oreso`kn ? Bn`l Ceveb-Structur`b Nkieknnr, @usnkcj, Oreso`kn Sykjpses6 Sykjpses 6 \an @ustr`be`k Cjkrntn structurns cjln, @S 34==, prjvelns bettbn iuel`kcn djr tan lnseik jd `kcajr ojbts. \an `utajrs suiinst ta`t @CE 301 prjvelns suet`obn lnseik prjvesejks djr an`lnl `kl ajjgnl `kcajr ojbts. \an o`cgirjukl `kl lnseik rnquernhnkts jd @CE 301 `rn nx`heknl weta p`rtecub`r `ttnktejk tj prjvesejks `ppbyeki tj pnlnst`bs. Gnywjrls6 @kcajr ojbts, Cjkcrntn, ]nlnst`bs, San`r, Strnkita lnseik, \nksejk
Ektrjluctejk \an purpjsn jd taes p`pnr es tj ektrjlucn @ustr`be`k nkieknnrs tj rncnkt lnvnbjphnkts ek c`bcub`teki tan lnseik strnkita jd `kcajrs ek cjkcrntn, weta p`rtecub`r rndnrnkcn tj tan ehpbnhnkt`tejk ehpbnhnkt`te jk ievnk ek @CE 301. _nbnv`kt snctejks `rn lescussnl `kl `k nx`hpbn ievnk.
Ya`t es @CE 301, @ppnklex L @CE 301 es tan Ouebleki Cjln _nquernhnkts _nquernhnkts Djr Structur`b Cjkcrntn @kl Cjhhnktry puobesanl puobesanl oy tan @hnrec`k Cjkcrntn Ekstetutn. \an vnrsejk rndnrrnl tj ek taes p`pnr es @CE 301H-=> (0), tan hntrec nletejk puobesanl ek ?==>. \an p`rt ta`t `ppbens tj lnseik jd `kcajr ojbts es @ppnklex L – @kcajreki tj Cjkcrntn. Sjhn lndeketejks ta`t `rn usnl ek @CE 301 `kl `rn usnl ek taes p`pnr djbbjw7 @kcajr - @ stnnb nbnhnkt netanr c`st ektj cjkcrntn jr pjst-ekst`bbnl ektj ` a`rlnknl cjkcrntn hnhonr `kl usnl tj tr`kshet `ppbenl bj`ls, ekcbuleki an`lnl ojbts, ajjgnl ojbts (F- jr B-ojbt), an`lnl stuls, nxp`ksejk `kcajrs, jr uklnrcut `kcajrs. @kcajr pubbjut strnkita “ \an strnkita cjrrnspjkleki tj tan `kcajreki lnvecn jr ` h`fjr cjhpjknkt jd tan lnvecn sbeleki jut drjh tan cjkcrntn wetajut orn`geki jut ` suost`kte`b pjrtejk jd tan surrjukleki cjkcrntn. Cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita “ \an strnkita cjrrnspjkleki tj ` vjbuhn jd cjkcrntn surrjukleki tan `kcajr jr irjup jd `kcajrs snp`r`teki drjh tan hnhonr. Cjkcrntn pryjut strnkita “ \an strnkita cjrrnspjkleki tj djrh`tejk jd ` cjkcrntn sp`bb onaekl sajrt, stedd `kcajrs lespb`cnl ek tan lernctejk jppjsetn tj tan `ppbenl san`r djrcn. Luctebn stnnb nbnhnkt “ @k nbnh nkt weta wet a ` tnks ebn tnst nbjki`tejk jd `t bn`st 0< pnrcnkt `kl rnluctejk ek `rn` jd `t bn`st 3= pnrcnkt . @ stnnb nbnhnkt nbnh nkt hnnteki hnntek i tan rnquernh rnquernhnkts nkts jd @S\H @ 3=9 sa`bb on cjkselnrnl luctebn. Seln-d`cn objwjut strnkita “ \an strnkita jd `kcajrs weta lnnpnr nhonlhnkt out taekknr seln cjvnr cjrrnspjkleki tj cjkcrntn sp`bbeki jk tan seln d`cn `rjukl tan nhonllnl an`l waebn kj h`fjr orn`gjut jccurs `t tan tjp cjkcrntn surd`cn. Suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt “ _nekdjrcnhnkt prjpjrtejknl tj ten ` pjtnkte`b cjkcrntn d`eburn presh tj tan structur`b hnhonr.
ESOK = 5=539> 91 Q
509
Cjkcrntn =9
Kjt`tejk @kc,(@vc)
]rjfnctnl `rn` ek tnksejk (san`r) djr tan `kcajr irjup
@kcj,(@vcj)
]rjfnctnl `rn` ek tnksejk (san`r) djr ` sekibn `kcajr rnhjtn drjh nlins
c`,h`x c`0 lj
\an b`rinst jd tan ekdbunkceki nlin lest`kcns ta`t `rn bnss ta`k 0.> tehns `ctu`b a nd . lest`kcn drjh tan cnktnr jd `k `kcajr sa`dt tj tan nlin jd cjkcrntn ek jkn lernctejk7 wanrn san`r djrcn es `ppbenl tj `kcajr, c `0 es ek tan lernctejk jd tan san`r djrcn. \an `kcajr le`hntnr
d'c
?1 l`y cybeklnr cjhprnssevn strnkita
a`
Lnpta jd tan cjkcrntn snctejk
and
Nddnctevn `kcajr lnpta
b n
Bj`l on`reki bnkita jd tan `kcajr out kjt irn`tnr ta`k 1.l =
Ko ,(To)
O`sec cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita djr ` sekibn `kcajr ek tnksejk (san`r)
Kcoi,(Tcoi)
O`sec cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita djr `k `kcajr irjup ek tnksejk (san`r)
ñ c,K, (c,T)
C`p`cety rnluctejk d`ctjr D`ctjr djr prnsnkcn jr `osnkcn jd cr`cgs djr `kcajrs ek tnksejk (san`r)
cp,K
D`ctjr djr pjst ekst`bbnl `kcajrs
nc,K, (nc,T)
D`ctjr djr nccnktrecety nccnktrecety jd `ppbenl bj`l ek tnksejk tnksejk (san`r)
nl,K, (nl,T)
D`ctjr djr nddnct jd prjxehety jd `k nlin djr bj`l ek tnksejk (san`r)
O`cgirjukl tj @ppnklex L Jkn welnby usnl lnseik hntajl djr `kcajr ojbts w`s prjvelnl oy @CE 3<5 (?). \aes hntajl es welnby usnl ek @ustr`be`, djr nx`hpbn, ek suca puobec`tejks `s tan @ESC's Lnseik jd Structur`b Cjkknctejks (3). Yaebn taes prjvelnl ` r`tejk`b hntajl djr c`bcub`teki cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita ek tnksejk `kl san`r, tan -d`ctjr hntajl lnvnbjpnl ek Nurjpn lureki tan b`tn 051='s sajws huca onttnr cjrrnb`tejk weta tnst rnsubts. Ek 055< tan Cjhetn Nurj-Ektnrk`tejk`b lu Ontjk (CNO) puobesanl ` st`tn jd tan `rt rnpjrt jk d`stnkeki tj cjkcrntn `kl h`sjkry (<). \aes cjhp`rnl snvnr`b nxesteki hntajls ekcbuleki @CE 3<5 `kl tan -d`ctjr hntajl (rnk`hnl tan -d`ctjr hntajl tj cjkdjrh weta CNO kjt`tejk). \an CCL hntajl (>) es ` v`re`tejk jd tan -d`ctjr hntajl lnvnbjpnl ek tan 055='s. Et prjvelns "` cbn`r vesu`b nxpb`k`tejk jd tan c`bcub`tejk jd tan -d`ctjrs WcjhoekekiX tan tr`ksp`rnkcy … jd tan @CE 3<5 hntajl, `ccur`cy jd tan -hntajl, `kl ` usnr-drenklby rnct`kiub`r d`eburn surd`cn c`bcub`tejk prjcnlurn." \an CCL hntajl a`s djrhnl tan o`ses djr tan lnseik prjvesejks jd @CE 301.
Cjhp`resjk jd @CE 301 `kl @S34== @S 34== (4) prjvesejks prjvesejks djr lnseik jd `kcajr `kcajr ojbts `rn cjkt`eknl cjkt`eknl ek Cb`usn 0<.3 _NP^E_NHNK\S _NP^E_NHNK\S DJ_ DEQEKIS.
Luctebety Jkn jd tan h`ek rnquernhnkts ek @S 34== es cb`usn 0<.3 (`), "Dexekis sa`bb on lnseiknl tj yenbl ondjrn ubteh`tn d`eburn ek tan nvnkt jd jvnrbj`l." \aes es ektnklnl tj nksurn ` luctebn d`eburn ek tan dexeki. Kjtn ta`t et es kjt suddecenkt suddecenkt djr tan h`tnre`b tan tan dexeki es h`ln h`ln drjh tj on luctebn. luctebn. \anrn hust `bsj on suddecenkt nhonlhnkt `kl nlin lest`kcn tj nksurn yenbl ondjrn cjkcrntn orn`gjut.
501
Ek pr`ctecn et c`k on vnry leddecubt tj hnnt tansn rnquernhnkts, nspnce`bby wanrn tan `kcajrs `rn cbjsn tj `k nlin. @CE 301 cjkt`eks cjkt`eks prjvesejks prjvesejks ek snvnr`b cb`usns cb`usns ta`t ijvnrk ijvnrk luctebety6 L.3.0 “ @kcajrs `kl `kcajr irjups sa`bb on lnseiknl djr cretec`b nddncts jd d`ctjrnl bj`ls `s lntnrheknl oy nb`stec `k`byses. ]b`stec `k`byses `pprj`cans `rn pnrhettnl wanrn kjhek`b strnkita es cjktrjbbnl oy luctebn stnnb nbnhnkts , prjvelnl ta`t lndjrh`tejk`b lndjrh`tejk`b cjhp`teoebety es t`gnk ektj `ccjukt. Djr rniejks jd hjlnr`tn jr aeia sneshec resg6 L.3.3.3 “ … tan lnseik strnkita jd `kcajrs sa`bb on t`gnk `s =.9>ñKk `kl =.9>ñTk, L.3.3.< “ … `kcajrs sa`bb on lnseiknl tj on ijvnrknl oy tnksebn jr san`r strnkita jd ` luctebn stnnb nbnhnkt, ukbnss L.3.3.> es s`tesdenl. L.3.3.> “ Ekstn`l jd L.3.3.<, tan `tt`cahnkt ta`t tan `kcajr es cjkkncteki tj tan structurn sa`bb on lnseiknl sj ta`t tan `tt`cahnkt webb uklnrij luctebn yenbleki `t ` bj`l bnvnb cjrrnspjkleki tj `kcajr djrcns kj irn`tnr ta`k tan lnseik strnkita jd `kcajrs spncedenl ek L.3.3.3. Luctebety jd dexekis es kjt rnquernl oy @CE @CE 301. Ek inknr`b orettbn `kcajr `kcajr h`tnre`bs h`tnre`bs jr `kcajr`ins `kcajr`ins `rn pnrhettnl weta sjhn rnstrectejks jk lnseik hntajls, nvnk ek rniejks jd hjlnr`tn jr aeia sneshec resg.
Lnseik hntajls Djr lnseik hntajls @S34== Cb`usn 0<.3 (o) spncedens ta`t "... Ek tan c`sn jd sa`bbjw `kcajr`ins, cjkn-typn d`eburn ek tan cjkcrntn surrjukleki tan dexeki sa`bb on ekvnstei`tnl t`geki ektj `ccjukt nlin lest`kcn, sp`ceki, tan nddnct jd rnekdjrcnhnkt, ed `ky, `kl cjkcrntn strnkita `t tehn jd bj`leki." @CE 301 @ppnklex @ppnklex L hnnts tansn tansn rnquernhnkts rnquernhnkts `kl es `k ehprjvnhnkt ehprjvnhnkt jk tan tan @CE 3<5 hntajl. hntajl.
Ya`t's ek @CE 301 @ppnklex L @ppnklex L `ppbens jkby tj shjjta sa`kgnl `kcajrs `kcajrs djr waeca et c`k on `ssuhnl ta`t `bb tnksejk bj`l es rnsestnl `t tan nhonllnl an`l. Cb`usn L.?.? nxcbulns `lansevn `kl irjutnl `kcajrs, `kcajrs djrhnl drjh rnekdjrceki o`r, `kl spnce`bty eksnrts. Kj hnktejk es h`ln jd ^ ojbts. \an o`sec orn`gjut strnkita jd `kcajrs ek tnksejk `kl san`r es o`snl jk `kcajrs ek cr`cgnl cjkcrntn. @ hjledec`tejk d`ctjr es `bbjwnl wanrn wanrn tanrn webb on kj cr`cgeki `t snrvecn snrvecn bj`l bnvnbs. \aes es ek cjktr`st tj (3) `kl (<) wanrn ukcr`cgnl cjkcrntn es usnl djr tan o`sec bj`l c`bcub`tejk. @lfusthnkt d`ctjrs djr nlin lest`kcn `kl `kcajr sp`ceki `rn c`bcub`tnl useki ` rnct`kiub`r rnct`kiub`r d`eburn surd`cn. \aes es usnl ekstn`l jd tan cjkec`b d`eburn surd`cn surd`cn ta`t jccurs ek pr`ctecn djr n`sn jd vesu`bez`tejk `kl c`bcub`tejk. c`bcub`tejk. @lletejk`b d`ctjrs `rn `ppbenl djr nccnktrecety `kl jtanr nddncts. ]ubbjut strnkita jd `kcajrs es cjkselnrnl ek L.>.3.< `kl L.>.3.>. \an `kcajr`in prjvelnl oy ` st`kl`rl ojbt an`l webb prjveln s`tesd`ctjry pubbjut strnkita djr hebl stnnb ojbts, ajwnvnr tan pubbjut strnkita jd ` ajjgnl ojbt, B jr F sa`pn, webb inknr`bby on jkby ` dr`ctejk jd tan c`p`cety jd tan ojbt etsnbd. \an inknr`b pjjr ona`vejr jd ajjgnl ojbts es kjtnl ek (>). Seln d`cn objwjut es cjkselnrnl ek L.>.<.0. `kl es hjrn begnby tj `ppby tj an`lnl `kcajrs weta lnnp nhonlhnkt cbjsn tj `k nlin. \aes es kjt ektnklnl tj cjvnr spbetteki lureki ekst`bb`tejk ekst`bb`t ejk jd nxp`ksejk `kcajrs.
@kcajrs ek tnksejk \an o`sec cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita jd ` sekibn c`st-ek `kcajr ek tnksejk ek cr`cgnl cjkcrntn,
505
Ko, es ievnk ek L.>.?.? `s =.>
0.>
Ko 8 0= d'c and
`kl ek L.>.?.0 djr ` irjup jd `kcajrs `s Kcoi 8 @Kc/@Kcj nc,K nl,K c,K cp,K Ko C`p`cety c`k `bsj on behetnl oy pubbjut strnkita `s ievnk ek L.>.3.< djr an`lnl `kcajrs, `kl L.>.3.> djr ajjgnl `kcajrs. Djr ` ir`ln <.4 ojbt tan pubbjut c`p`cety jd ` ajjgnl `kcajr c`k on `s bettbn `s 0/3 jd tan ojbt tnksejk c`p`cety.
@kcajrs ek San`r \an o`sec cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita jd ` sekibn c`st-ek `kcajr ek san`r ek cr`cgnl cjkcrntn, To, es ievnk ek L.4.?.? `s =.?
=.>
=.>
0.>
To 8 =.4 (b n/lj) lj d'c c`0
`kl ek L.>.?.0 djr ` irjup jd `kcajrs `s Tcoi 8 @Tc/@Tcj nc,T nl,T c,T To @bb d`ctjrs `rn ievnk ek lnt`eb lnt`eb ek @CE 301 `kl `kl webb kjt on rnpn`tnl rnpn`tnl anrn. anrn.
@kcajr Ojbts ek ` ]nlnst`b ]nlnst`b Djr `kcajr ojbts ek pnlnst`bs tanrn `rn sjhn spncedec prjvesejks ta`t `ppby7 djr `kcajrs ek tnksejk L.>.?.3 “ Yanrn `kcajrs `rn bjc`tnl bnss ta`k 0.>and drjh tarnn jr hjrn nlins, tan v`bun jd and ek Nq. (L-<) tarjuia (L-00) sa`bb on tan irn`tnr jd c `,h`x /0 .> `kl jkntaerl jd tan h`xehuh sp`ceki ontwnnk `kcajrs wetaek tan irjup. `kl djr `kcajrs ek san`r L.4.0.3 “ Yanrn `kcajrs `rn usnl weta ouebt-up irjut p`ls, tan kjhek`b strnkitas jd L.4.0.? sa`bb on hubtepbenl oy ` =.1= d`ctjr. L.4.?.< “ Yanrn `kcajrs `rn ekdbunkcnl oy tarnn jr hjrn nlins, tan v`bun jd c `0 usnl ek Nq. (L-?3) tarjuia (L-?1) sa`bb kjt nxcnnl tan irn`tnst jd6 c`? / 0.> ek netanr lernctejk, a` /0.>7 `kl jkn-taerl jd tan h`xehuh sp`ceki ontwnnk `kcajrs wetaek tan irjup. L.>.?.3 `kl L.4.?.< `ppby onc`usn ek tansn setu`tejks tan jrlek`ry lndeketejks jd @ Kc/@Kcj `kl @vc/@Tcj lj kjt cjrrnctby rndbnct rndbnct tan nlin nddncts. Ek L.4.?.< pnlnst`b pnlnst`b aneiat, a`, webb kjt behet c `0 ukbnss tan bjwnr nlin es ` drnn nlin. Djr ` irjup jd `kcajrs ek san`r tan cjhhnkt`ry _L.4.?.0, (snn Dei. _L.4.?.0(o)), suiinsts ta`t `btnrk`tevn lestreoutejks jd san`r djrcn wetaek tan irjup sajubl on cjkselnrnl, `kl tan hekehuh c`p`cety usnl. usnl. Ajwnvnr L.4.?.0 L.4.?.0 `bbjws7 Yanrn `kcajrs `rn bjc`tnl `t v`ryeki lest`kcns drjh tan nlin `kl tan `kcajrs `rn wnblnl tj tan `tt`cahnkt sj `s tj lestreoutn tan djrcn tj `bb `kcajrs, et sa`bb on pnrhettnl tj nv`bu`tn tan strnkita o`snl jk tan lest`kcn tj tan d`rtanst rjw jd `kcajrs drjh tan nlin.
5?=
Cjhoeknl tnksejk `kl san`r Cb`usn L.9 `kl tan cjhhnkt`ry _L.9 ievn `btnrk`tevn hntajls jd c`bcub`teki tan ektnr`ctejk `s sajwk ek Dei _L.9. Netanr tan trebekn`r ektnr`ctejk, tan >/3 pjwnr ektnr`ctejk, jr "`ky jtanr ektnr`ctejk nxprnssejk nxprnssejk ta`t es vnredenl oy tnst l`t` … c`k on usnl tj s`tesdy L.<.3."
Hekehuh sp`ceki `kl nlin lest`kcns Hekehuh sp`ceki `kl nlin lest`kcns djr c`st-ek `kcajrs `s ` hubtepbn jd tan `kcajr sa`kg le`hntnr,
Bj`l @kl C`p`cety _nluctejk D`ctjrs Ondjrn useki @CE 301 djr lnseik et es kncnss`ry tj h`gn surn ta`t `ky kncnss`ry `lfusthnkt es h`ln djr ajw cjkcrntn strnkita es hn`surnl `kl tan `ppbec`obn bj`l `kl c`p`cety rnluctejk d`ctjrs cjkt`eknl ek tan cjln. Begn @S34==, @CE 301 cjkcrntn cjhprnssevn strnkita es o`snl jk cybeklnr tnst strnkita, r`tanr ta`k cuon strnkita waeca es usnl ek h`ky cjuktrens sj kj `lfusthnkt es rnquernl. \an bj`l d`ctjrs usnl `rn leddnrnkt ek tan twj cjlns `s sajwk ek \`obn 0 onbjw. @CE 301 Ln`l Bj`l 0.? (jr 0.< ed kj bevn bj`l) Bevn Bj`l 0.4 \`obn 06 Cjhp`resjk jd Bj`l D`ctjrs
@S 34== 0.? (jr 0.< ed kj bevn bj`l) 0.>
Yanrn bevn bj`l ljhek`tns, tan d`ctjrnl bj`l c`bcub`tnl useki @CE301 webb on aeianr ta`k wank @ustr`be`k cjlns cjlns `rn usnl. \an `utajrs suiinst suiinst ta`t t`geki tan wjrst wjrst c`sn jd 0==% bevn bj`l, tan strnkita rnluctejk d`ctjrs usnl ek @CE 301 sajubl on rnlucnl oy ` d`ctjr jd 0.>/0.4, ieveki @CE c`p`cety rnluctejk d`ctjrs =.9> =.9 =.4> =.4 \`obn ?6 @lfustnl bj`l d`ctjrs
x 0.>/0.4
Suiinstnl @S34== c`p`cety rnluctejk d`ctjrs
=.9=3 =.4>4 =.4=5 =.>43
=.9 =.4> =.4 =.>>
Ajwnvnr djr luctebn `kcajr ojbts suca `s Ir`ln <.4, taes wjubl rnsubt ek bjwnr c`p`cetens ta`k tan @ustr`be`k structur`b cjln, @S <0==, `kl tj prnvnkt taes hesh`tca tan `utajrs suiinst ta`t d`ctjrs drjh @S <0== on usnl `s sajwk onbjw. Orettbn `kcajrs `rn ektnktejk`bby pnk`beznl ek @CE 301 `kl Ir`ln 1.1 ojbts d`bb ektj taes c`tnijry, a`veki `k nbjki`tejk jd 0?% cjhp`rnl tj tan 0<% rnquernl djr luctebn `kcajrs
5?0
@pprjpre`tn @pprjpre`tn bj`l d`ctjrs d`ctjrs tank oncjhn7 oncjhn7 @kcajr ijvnrknl ijvnrknl oy strnkita strnkita jd ` luctebn luctebn stnnb nbnhnkt nbnhnkt e) \nksejk bj`ls.................... bj`ls .................... =.1= (drjh @S <0==) <0==) ee) San`r bj`ls bj`ls ....................... =.1= (drjh (drjh @S <0==) <0==) @kcajr ijvnrknl ijvnrknl oy strnkita strnkita jd ` orettbn orettbn stnnb nbnhnkt nbnhnkt e) \nksejk bj`ls .................... =.4= ee) San`r bj`ls ....................... =.>> @kcajr ijvnrknl ijvnrknl oy cjkcrntn cjkcrntn orn`gjut, orn`gjut, seln-d`cn seln-d`cn objwjut, objwjut, pubbjut, pubbjut, jr pryjut pryjut strnkita strnkita
e) San`r bj`ls ee)\nksejk bj`ls
C`st-ek an`lnl stuls, an`lnl ojbts, jr ajjgnl ojbts
Cjkletejk @ (weta suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt)
Cjkletejk O (wetajut suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt)
=.9=
=.4>
=.9=
=.4>
Cjkletejk @ @ `ppbens wanrn tan pjtnkte`b cjkcrntn d`eburn surd`cns `rn crjssnl oy suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt (snn onbjw) prjpjrtejknl tj ten tan pjtnkte`b cjkcrntn d`eburn presh ektj tan structur`b hnhonr. Cjkletejk O O `ppbens wanrn suca suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt es kjt prjvelnl, jr wanrn pubbjut jr pryjut strnkita ijvnrks. \ansn d`ctjrs `rn inknr`bby aeianr ta`k wjubl on jot`eknl useki @S34== \`obn ?.3 (f) Onkleki, san`r, `kl tnksejk ek dexekis wanrn ñ8=.47 \an usn jd tansn c`p`cety rnluctejk d`ctjrs es suiinstnl ukteb `pprjpre`tn v`buns `rn puobesanl ek @S34==. C`p`cety rnluctejk rnluctejk d`ctjrs djr pjst-ekst`bbnl pjst-ekst`bbnl `kcajrs `kcajrs a`vn kjt kjt onnk cjkselnrnl cjkselnrnl anrn out `rn ievnk ek @CE 301.
Suppbnhnkt`ry _nekdjrcnhnkt Suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt es lndeknl `ojvn weta tan lndeketejk nxp`klnl ek tan cjhhnkt`ry tj @CE 301. Suppbnhnkt`ry Suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt rnekdjrcnhnkt sajubl on jrenktnl ek tan lernctejk jd tan bj`l, dubby `kcajrnl jk ojta selns jd tan orn`gjut surd`cn, `kl prjpjrtejknl tj rnsest tan tjt`b bj`l. Lnseik jd suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt es kjt cjvnrnl ek @CE 301 (kjr anrn lun tj sp`cn behet`tejks), nxcnpt djr bjkietulek`b bjkietulek`b o`rs ek pnlnst`bs. \an cjhhnkt`ry cjhhnkt`ry ek cb`usn _L.<.?.0 suiinsts suet`obn rndnrnkcns djr lnseik hntajls. Djr tnksejk bj`ls jk typec`b cjbuhk pnlnst`bs et webb usu`bby on djukl ta`t ` cjkcrntn orn`gjut cjkn c`kkjt lnvnbjp tan rnquernl c`p`cety. Suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt djr tnksejk bj`ls c`k on prjvelnl oy nxtnkleki tan ojbts tj `bbjw `kcajr`in jd vnrtec`b o`rs n`ca seln jd tan d`eburn surd`cn, jr oy prjveleki a`erpek a`erpek spbecn o`rs. Djr san`r bj`ls jk typec`b cjbuhk pnlnst`bs tan @utajrs a`vn djukl ta`t nlin lest`kcns `rn jdtnk tjj sh`bb tj `bbjw nddnctevn pb`cnhnkt `kl `kcajr`in jd suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt `kl et webb on kncnss`ry tj ekcrn`sn pnlnst`b sezn ed san`r bj`ls `rn aeia. Hekehuh tens `rjukl `kcajrs `rn rnquernl oy @CE 301 cb`usn 9.0=.>.4 ajwnvnr ajwnvnr taes taes wjub wjubl l kjt kjrh`bby hnnt tan rnquernhnkts jd suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt tj rnsest tan san`r bj`l.
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Djr cjbuhk pnlnst`bs suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt es prjo`oby uk`vjel`obn djr tnksejk bj`ls `kl ehpr`ctec`b djr san`r san`r bj`ls. Ek tansn c`sns Cjkletejk Cjkletejk @ `ppbens `ppbens djr tnksejk bj`l bj`l cjkcrntn orn`gjut (ñ8=.9) `kl Cjkletejk O djr jtanr cjkcrntn d`eburn hjlns (ñ8=.4>).
Lnseik djr @kcajr Ojbts ek ` ]nlnst`b Yeta tan rnbnv`kt cb`usns jd @CE 301 elnktedenl tany c`k kjw on `ppbenl tj tan vnry cjhhjk c`sn jd ` irjup jd cjbuhk `kcajr ojbts ek ` cjkcrntn pnlnst`b. Jkby tan c`sn jd cjhoeknl tnksejk `kl san`r webb on cjkselnrnl. An`lnl `kcajrs sajubl on usnl ek prndnrnkcn tj ajjgnl `kcajrs. ^kbnss tan pnlnst`b es vnry b`rin cjhp`rnl tj tan ojbt irjup et webb kjt on pjsseobn tj lnvnbjp suddecenkt orn`gjut orn`gjut c`p`cety tj a`klbn a`klbn b`rin bj`ls. Ojbts cjubl on cjktekunl cjktekunl tarjuia tarjuia tan dubb aneiat jd tan pnlnst`b ektj tan djjteki sj ta`t orn`gjut strnkita cjubl on lnvnbjpnl jr, hjrn cjhhjkby, et webb on kncnss`ry tj tr`ksdnr tan tnksejk bj`l tj suet`oby `kcajrnl rnekdjrcnhnkt. Ek h`ky c`sns san`r c`p`cety c`p`cety jd ojbts ek ` pnlnst`b webb on behetnl oy cjkcrntn cjkcrntn orn`gjut. orn`gjut. @s kjtnl `ojvn suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt webb on djukl tj on ehpr`ctec`b ek h`ky c`sns. Djr ojta tnksejk `kl san`r et c`k on `ssuhnl ta`t tan cjkcrntn ek tan pnlnst`b webb on ukcr`cgnl. \aes ievns -d`ctjrs jd c,K 8 0.?> djr tnksejk `kl c,T 8 0.< djr san`r. S`hpbn c`bcub`tejks `rn sajwk ek tan @ppnklex.
Cjkcbusejks Et es suiinstnl ta`t @CE 301 prjvelns lnt`ebnl lnseik hntajls ta`t hnnt tan rnquernhnkts jd @S 34==. Sjhn `lfusthnkt jd c`p`cety rnluctejk d`ctjrs h`y on rnquernl tj cjhpnks`tn djr leddnrnkcns ek bj`l d`ctjrs usnl ek @CE 301 cjhp`rnl tj @S 34==, `kl tan c`p`cety rnluctejk d`ctjrs c`bcub`tnl `ojvn `rn rncjhhnklnl ukteb suet`obn prjvesejks `rn ekcbulnl ek tan @ustr`be`k lnseik cjln.
_ndnrnkcns 0. @CE Cjhhettnn 301 "@CE 301-=> Ouebleki Cjln _nquernhnkts djr Structur`b Cjkcrntn `kl Cjhhnkt`ry, ?==>. ?. @CE Cjhhettnn 3<5, "Cjln _nquernhnkts djr Kucbn`r S`dnty _nb`tnl Cjkcrntn Structurns (@CE 3<5-1>), @ppnklex O - Stnnb Nhonlhnkt," @CE H`ku`b jd Cjkcrntn ]r`ctecn, ]`rt <. 3. @ESC (kjw @SE), "Lnseik jd Structur`b Cjkknctejks", Cjkknctejks", . Ducas, Y., Nbeina`usnk, _., `kl Ornnk, F., "Cjkcrntn C`p`cety Lnseik (CCL) @pprj`ca djr D`stnkeki tj Cjkcrntn," @CE Structur`b Fjurk`b, T. 5?, Kj. 0, F`k.-Dno., F`k.-Dno., 055> 4. St`kl`rls @ustr`be` (S@@), "@S 34==–?==0 6 Cjkcrntn Structurns, 3rl nl.", St`kl`rls @ustr`be` Ektnrk`tejk`b, Ektnrk`tejk`b, ?==0. ?==0. 9. St`kl`rls @ustr`be` (S@@), " @S <0==-0551 6 Stnnb structurns, ?kl nl.", St`kl`rls @ustr`be` Ektnrk`tejk`b, 0551.
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YJ_GNL NQ@H]BN -INKN_@B -INKN_@B _NP^E_NHNK\S _NP^E_NHNK\S DJ_ \AN S\_NKI\A JD @KCAJ_S @KCAJ_S Strnkita lnseik jd `kcajrs ek taes wjrgnl nx`hpbn webb on o`snl jk tan cjhput`tejks useki lnseik hjlnbs o`snl jk tan djbbjweki inknr`b rnquernhnkts djr strnkita jd `kcajrs `s pnr @CE 301H –@ppnklex L - Cb`usns 6 L .>.0 & L.4.0 -stnnb strnkita jd `kcajr ek tnksejk `kl san`r L.>.? & L.4.? - cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita ek san`r `kl tnksejk L.>.3 & L.>.< - pubbjut strnkita `kl cjkcrntn seln-d`cn objwjut strnkita jd `kcajr ek tnksejk L.4.3 -cjkcrntn pryjut strnkita jd `kcajr ek san`r Deiurn 0. Sajws inknr`b `rr`kinhnkt djr ` typec`b pnlnst`b. Deiurn ?. & 3. Sajws p`r`hntnrs suca `s nddnctevn lnpta, nlin lest`kcn `kl r`tej @ kc /@kc= `kl @vc/@vc= . Inknr`b rnquernhnkts `kl p`r`hntnrs suca `s nlin lest`kcn `kl nddnctevn lnpta `rn snbnctnl tj nksurn luctebn lnseik jd structur`b cjhpjknkts. Stnnb cjhpjknkts a`vn tj yenbl ondjrn cjkcrntn orn`gjut orn`gjut tj `vjel oretbn d`eburn.
Ku`
Tu`
Lnseik Bj`ls6 Ku` 8 5= gK, T u` 8 001 gK Dei 0.-3. Nx`hpbn pnlnst`b lnt`ebs _NP^E_NHNK\S DJ_ S^]]BNHNK\@_U _NEKDJ_CNHNK\ Cjkcrntn orn`gjut strnkita ek san`r / tnksejk es d`eburn hjln djr tan irjup jd `kcajrs es usu`bby bnssnr ta`k lnseik strnkita. \j ekcrn`sn c`p`cety ek tnksejk/san`r ,tnksejk djrcn `kl san`r drjh `kcajrs sajubl on tr`ksdnrnl drjh `kcajrs tj suppbnhnkt`ry h`ek rnekdjrcnhnkt `kl tens.
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\an djbbjweki sajubl on prjvelnl ek tan lnseik tj nksurn luctebn ona`vejur 6 @. \an spbecn webb webb on suddecenkt tj tr`ksdnr 0.3 x tehns tan tnksejk tnksejk djrcn ek tan `kcajr ojbt tj tan vnrtec`b rnekdjrcnhnkt rnekdjrcnhnkt ek tan pnlnst`bs . \an lnvnbjphnkt bnkita jd tan pnlnst`b vnrtec`b o`rs webb on durtanr ekcrn`snl oy ?>% tj nksurn ta`t taes webb kjt on d`eburn hnca`kesh . O. \an pnlnst`b vnrtec`b o`rs `rn lnseik tj tr`ksdnr tan cjbuhk rn`ctejks (hjhnkt san`r `kl `xe`b bj`l) tj tan djukl`tejk snp`r`tnby drjh tan lnseik tj lnvnbjp tan `kcajr ojbt tnksejk, `kl es kjt ekcbulnl anrn. C. San`r strnkita webb on lnpnkl`kt jk tan yenbl strnkita jd tens jr `kcajr ojbts, rni`rlbnss jd tan cjkcrntn orn`gjut san`r strnkita strnkita ed wn utebezn yenbl strnkita jd tan tens ektnrsncteki d`eburn surd`cn. \an yenbl strnkita jd tan tens jr `kcajr ojbts webb ubteh`tnby cjktrjb cjktrjb tan ubteh`tn san`r c`p`cety ed wn `rn tj nksurn ` luctebn d`eburn . L. \j lntnrhekn lntnrhekn ten san`r san`r strnkita strnkita et es `ssuhnl `ssuhnl ta`t ta`t tan san`r san`r d`eburn pb`kn webb jccurn ek str`eiat bekn `t `kcajr ojbts cnktnr `t 3>= drjh ojbt tj tan nlin jd tan pnlnst`b. \ypec`b ektnrk`b tens webb prjveln `lletejk`b san`r strnkita djr cjkcrntn orn`gjut . Nx`hpbn 6 Nx`hpbn 6 ojbt strnkita jd irjup jd < `kcajrs utebezeki twj `kcajrs durtanst drjh tan nlin jd tan pnlnst`b 6 ? ktens8<7 \wj bnis x \wj snts 7 @ \EN 891.>hh 7 ten le`hntnr 0=hh7 d y8>==H]`7 ñTS\EN 8=.1Ùktens Ù @\EN Ù d y 80?>.4== 80?>.4==gK7 gK7 ED 7 ñTs` ;ñTS\EN 7‘@LJ]\ ñTS\EN ‒ CB@^SNS6 L .>.0 - S\NNB S\_NKI\A S\_NKI\A JD @KCAJ_ @KCAJ_ EK \NKSEJK Kuhonr jd `kcajrs ek tan irjup 7 k 8<7 snn dei 0.Kuhonr jd trn`ls pnr hh 7 kt807 ? ? ? @kcajr ojbt ojbt le`hntnr 7 lj8?=7hh7 lj8?=7hh7 Knt Knt tnksebn `rn` `rn` 7 @ SN 8(ύ/<) (lj -=.59<3/kt) hh 8?1<.? 8?1<.?hh hh 7 Ù (l ^bteh`tn `kcajr tnksebn strnkita 7ir`ln <.47 d ut` ut` 8<==H]`7 Ks` 8 k @SN d ut` ut` 8<><.1gK7 L.4.0 - S\NNB S\_NKI\A JD @KCAJ_ EK SAN@_ D`ctjr =.4= ek djbbjweki nqu`tejk sa`bb on usnl weta ouebt up irjut p`ls –snn Dei .0 Ts`8 k =.4 @SN dut` 8?9?.5?.? - CJKC_N\N O_N@GJ^\S\_NKI\A O_N@GJ^\S\_NKI\A EK \NKSEJK ‒nc,K80.= ‒7‒nl,K80.=‘7 ‘c,K80.?>‘7 ‘ cp,K80.=‘7 ‒K 8 nc,K Ù nl,K Ù c,K Ù cp,K 80.?> ‒7 K80.?>7 Cjkcrntn strnkita 7 d c83? 7 H]` 7and 80<= 7 hh 7 `s sajwk ek deiurn ?.7 ‒@KC/@KCJ 80.1>‘7`s sajwk ek deiurn ?. 0.> -3 Ko 80= Ù∖(d c )Ù and Ù0= 853.9=4 7 53.9=4 7 gK 7‒Kcoi 8@KC/@KCJ Ù KÙK o ‒7 Kcoi 8 0.1> 0.?> Ko 8?04.45> 7 gK7 L.4.? - CJKC_N\N O_N@GJ^\S\_NKI\A EK SAN@_ Bj`l on`reki bnkita jd `kcajrs djr san`r h`x. 1xl j 7 bn 804=7hh7 l j8?=7hh @s sajwk ek deiurn deiurn 3. 7 c`0 8?0>7hh7@s sajwk ek deiurn3 7‘ @ TC/@TCJ 80.?47 ‘]`r`hntnrs lnscreonl jk p`in 3 7 lnscreonl nc,v80.= 7 ‒ ‘T 8 nc,v Ù nl,v Ù c,v 80.?47‘ T 80.?4 7 ‒nl,v8=.57‘ ‒c,v80.<7‘ =.? 0.> -3 To8=.4Ù(bn/ lj ) Ù∖( lj) Ù∖(d c)Ù(c`0) Ù0= 89?.>3= 89?.>3=7gK7 7gK7 ‒Tcoi 8@TC/@TCJ Ù TÙTo ‒ Tcoi 80.?4 =.1> To 899.4957gK7 L.>.3 - ]^BBJ^\ ]^BBJ^\ S\_NKI\A JD @KCAJ_ EK \NKSEJK \NKSEJK ‘c,p 80.<7‘ Djr `kcajrs ek rniejk wanrn es kjcr`cgeki `t snrvecn bj`l bnvnbs 7 ? Kntt `rn` jd pb`tn jr seheb`r `tt`cahnkt wnblnl tj an`lnl stul 7 @ ori 8 >?=7hh 7 -3 Kp 81Ù @ori Ù d c Ù 0= 8033.0?=7gK 033.0?= 7gK 7‒Kpk8c,p Ù Kp ‒7 Kpk80.< Kp 8014.341 7gK
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L.>.< - CJKC_N\N SELN-D@CN OBJYJ^\ OBJYJ^\ S\_NKI\A S\_NKI\A JD @KCAJ_ EK \NKSEJK @s pnr deiurn deiurn 0. 7and 8<==hh 7 ‒c`08?0>hh ;‘ 7 =.< Ùand 804=.=== 804=.=== hh7 hh7 s`tesdy cjkletejk LJNS KJ\ CJK\_JB L.4.3 -CJKC_N\N ]_UJ^\ S\_NKI\A JD @KCAJ_ @KCAJ_ EK SAN@_ gcp 8?7‘d`ctjr ed and ;4>hh‘7 Tcpi 8gcp Kcoi 8 <33.3 <33.3 7 gK7 ‒ñ Kk‘ es tan bjwnst lnseik strnkita jd tan irjup jd `kcajrs ek tnksejk, lntnrheknl drjh `bb d`ctjrnl d`eburn hjlns `s sajwk ek taes nx`hpbn ñ8=.17 ñKs` 8Ks` Ù gK7 ñ 8343.155 gK7 ñkKpk 8 kÙKpk Ù ñ8>54.391 gK7 ñ8>54.391 gK7 ‒ñKsoi 8Ksoi Ù 8KJ\ @]]BEC@OBN gK7‘ ñ 8KJ\ gK7‘ ñKcoi 8Kcoi Ù gK7 ñ 8093.3>4 gK7 ñKk 8 ñKs` 8343.155 gK7 "ñKcoi" ljnsk―t cjktrjb `s tnksejk c`p`cety webb on prjvelnl djr oy suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt.
‒ñ Tk‘
es tan bjwnst lnseik strnkita jd tan irjup jd `kcajrs ek san`r, lntnrheknl drjh `bb d`ctjrnl d`eburn hjlns `s sajwk ek taes nx`hpbn. ñ8=.97 m ñTs` 8Ks` Ù gK7 ñ 8301.<0? gK7 ñTS\EN 8 0?>.4== gK7 snn `ojvn 7 gK7 ñTcpi 8Tcpi Ù 3=3.393 7gK7 gK7 ñ 83=3.393 7 ñTcoi 8Tcoi Ù gK7 ñ 8><.394 gK7 gK 7 ñTk 8ñTS\EN 80?>.4== gK7 ‒ñTcoi ljnsk―t cjktrjb. \nksejk c`p`cety c`p`cety webb on prjvelnl oy suppbnhnkt`ry suppbnhnkt`ry rnekdjrcnhnkt, rnekdjrcnhnkt, e.n tens Tu` 8001 gK7 gK7 `s sajwk ek deiurn 07 Ku` 85= gK7 `s ek deiurn 07 >/3 >/3 ( Ku` /ñKk ) +( Tu`/ñTk) 8=.555 8=.55577 ‒20 J.G. cjkletejk s`tesdy –p`ss –p`ss ‒ Kk
ñKk
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Dei <. Cjhoeknl ektnr`ctejk san`r `kl tnksejk
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