CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The essence for one going to school is for better survival survival tomorrow wherein wherein becoming becoming what he
or she is capable of becoming what he or she wants in life. And the desire of knowledge is the natural feeling of mankind and every human being whose mind is not debauched will be willing to give all that is required of him or her to get knowledge. It is on this basic idea that knowledge oriented organization (school) has been set up as a ground for people to go in and learn in respond to paying for their acquired knowledge for tomorrow!s success. According to "#ford $ictionary of %urrent (&th 'dition) fee is defined as an amount of money that one pay for professional services. imply put school fee is that fi#ed interval payment made by a student or students to the school he or she attends. *rom the definition one can outline that school fee payment supposed to be in a regular interval that is timely although sometime may not be that ready by the student due to some financial lapses. *inancial lapses poses a lot of problems to school management because of some pressing needs. +owever when students refuse to pay their school fees on time the school management seems to lack money in the purse which at this render the management ineffective. Apart from the management being be ing ineffective financially students also face barriers by not being allowed allowed to write their e#aminations e#aminations which is one of the academic frustration frustration or setback. setback. ,sing computer computer based system for fees payment payment necessitated necessitated this research research in order to help solve this problems of either delayed fee payment or the student not paying at all or the fee being misused-mismanaged or entangled with criminal attack either on the side of student at the course of payment or the side of bursary department-school d epartment-school management. ,sing %ollege of 'ducation 'kiadolor as a case study the research has the intention of creating a software software that could process students students school fees payment to %ollege %ollege of 'ducation 'kiadolor
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bank accounts and electronically lodging individual students fees indicating name department registration number level-class date of payment amount of money paid academic session-semester- bank!s name account number phone number school name and other personal records etc. This will enhance prompt payment and safe delivery and automatically stop the management and students from being frustrated financially and otherwise. 1.1 Theoretca! Background efore now people-students often embraced technological changes with the fear of the unknown
and as such decided to carryout activities their usual way (manually). +owever the /0st century came with a lot of challenges that only the use of computer can solve problem effectively. 'lectronic-Automated payment of student school fees in any school would boost the school management morale and therefore increase productivity. +owever this supports the mash low!s theory of management which is of the view that metrication of an organization financially will bring increase in productivity. Therefore the payment of student school fees in a particular school enhance the productivity of such school for both the management and students as well even as a computer based system is used for such payment for easiest and fastest mode of operation as well as accurate security and good financial management1 which %ollege of 'ducation 'kiadolor is operating now. 1." State#ent of the Pro$!e# The problems encountered with the manual method of school fees payment is viewed from two
perspectives the school management!s problems and the students! problem. The school management problems have to do with the processing of students information about their paid fees with mistakes and come out with sum total and grand total amount of the paid fee from each class department or across all the students who paid as a whole. The student problems on the other hand have to do with the embarrassment from the bursary department such as wasting of time mistake made in the receipt and criminal threatening and 2
being driven out from the e#amination hall for not showing evidence of school fee receipt or even after paying shortly before the e#amination. 1.% A# and O$&ect'e( of the Study The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the manual and automated student
school fees payment system in %ollege of 'ducation 'kiadolor. The ob2ective of this study is to create on automated3based system for students school fee
payment To determine the conversion of manual system of school fees payment to computerized-automated method to ease the stress of students! information processing
during payment. 1.) Sgnfcance *f the Study This research work would help the management and students of %ollege of 'ducation 'kiadolor to have a better knowledge of operating on the method of automated students fees payment and how this can be effective through practical aspect of the device. It is obvious that the manual system is slow in operation and also ineffective in service. The in3convenience brought about by the manual system could be over3whelmed by the use of more effective and advanced system. In other words an automated system minimize time delay procedures during students! fee payment. 1.+ Sco,e of the Study This study is restricted to %ollege of 'ducation 'kiadolor and no other firm. $ata used for the
study were gotten from the case study only (%ollege of 'ducation 'kiadolor). It focused on automated student!s school fee payment only.
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Re(earch -ethodo!ogy
This research work 4$esign and implementation of computerised shopping cart system for a 56-6obile shop7. the system will be a web3based application and will be implemented on a relational database system (6y89). +tml (hyperte#t markup language) % (cascading style 3
sheet) and :ava
cript will be used to design the web3user interface php (hyperte#t pre3
processor) will be used as the serve3 side script language to link the interface and the database and A2a# technology for automation of the cart system.
1. /#taton of the Study The problems encountered during the course of carrying out this research include; i. Time for the research was too short couple with other academic work. ii. 9ack of fund to take care of transportation and other e#penses. iii. 9ack of access to research materials on the topic in the polytechnic and public
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libraries. The polytechnic!s bank and bursary department were not liberal enough to give out information about their activities concerning student!s school fees payment.
1.0 Defnton of Ter#( To do away with ambiguity the following terms are hereby defined for easy comprehension. De(gn In this conte#t it has to do with the coding of the program (software). 2ee A fi#ed regular amount of money made by the school organization-management to a
student. Auto#ated Pay#ent This is also known as electronic-computerized payment. It is the introduction of computer for easy disbursement of student fee payment to the school management-organization. Ba(c 2ee It is fi#ed payment by students based on their level-class or programme offers. Su# Tota! Pay This is the amount gotten by summing all the fees paid together. Tota!34rand Tota! This is the overall amount of money which a student or students has to pay before official clearance for graduation. It is also the total fee3based analysis-report which must be made at the bursary department to the school management and that of bank to 2ustify student!s fees total inflow for decision making. 2!e This can be defined as complete collection of related records or information. Data Ba(e This is a collection of data organized to service many application at the same time by storing and managing data so that they appears to be in one location. Co#,uter This is an electronic device or programmable machine that is capable of accepting data as input process the data store them and sent out the result of the processing as output according to logical instruction given b y the user. 4
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CHAPTER T5O RE6IE5 O2 RE/ATED /ITERATURE ".* Introducton This aims at reviewing the relevant literature on this research topic it intends to consider the
suggestion ideas citations and comments of various authors and professionals on the concept and implementation of Automated tudents chool *ees
structure of an economy changes so does the payment systems required to facilitate transactions in that economy. This is in line with =igeria push to keep its payment system far with international practices and standards b y leveraging on technology. Tamuno (/>>?). In order to meet up developed nations automated payment becomes the answer. According to =wankpa (/>>@) automated or electronic payment defined as a subset of an e3commerce or computerized transaction to include machine payment for buying and selling of goods and services offered through the internet. 5enerally people think of automated payment as referring to online transactions on the internet these are actually forms of e3payments. As technology is developing the range of devices and processes for electronic transaction continues to increase while the percentage of cash and cheque continue to decrease. Andian (/>>) posits that in the , for e#ample cheque have declined from BC of non cash payment in 0@D@ to B@C in />>/ and automated or e3 payments have grown to E0C. The internet has the potentials to become the most active trade intermediary within a decable. Also internet shopping revolutionizes by allowing customers to sit in their homes and buy enormous variety of products and services from all over the world. %ommenting on automated payment system1 Adeyinka (/>>) postulates that automated payment system intermediation in =igeria has continued to make steady progress towards ensuring full 6
banking transaction automation with the value of automated payment system rising to = ?&> million in />>. +e noted that the increase in the adoption of the electronic model is not only driven by the need for electronic services but also by the core and speedy update of new technologies by =igeria. '#perts says that with the mass market in =igeria constituting about D> percent of the nation!s gross domestic product (5$<) the impact of deploying cards and other electronic mode of banking operation in the country has led to increased reach as customers can now have access to their bank account even at the location where banks are not located through electronic banking models. According to 'boh (/>>@) the introduction of various electronic models has led to low operational costs increased operation efficiency removing cost of cash transactions multicard and multiplication availability reduced congestions in banking halls amongst others. peaking to business day in an interview 6itchel 'legbe managing director interswitch a payment solution platform provider with =igerian banks on its platform confirmed that the network has witnessed increased transactions with the high level of adoption of technology by =igerians. In payment of school fees automated system has also been one of the immense benefits in that through the school!s bank account money (student fees paid) are automatically transferred irrespective of the school bank. +ere there is no physical involvement of cash which makes it safer and dependable. According to "duyemi (/>>@) automated payment of students school fees showcase the 2oy over the trends in that the student have been relieved of the stress of having to visit bursary and queue to pay their school fees. =ow the trends are 2ust the transport to the bank location to pay their
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fees and taking the teller to the bursary to e#change for receipt which will properly indicate an evident that fee has been paid by the particular student. "." Ty,e( of Auto#ated Pay#ent The following types of automated payments are mostly common today. It is important to realize
that new payment types are continually being discovered and these are additional methods that e#ist or are being developed continuously. 1. Card( %redit cards debit cards and prepaid cards currently represent the most common form of the consumer or the business most often uses a plastic card commonly with magnetic stripe. The card holder gives his or her number to a merchant who stripes the card through a terminal or enter the data to a <%. The terminal transmits data to his or her bank account. The acquirer transmits the data through a card association to the card issuer who makes a decision on the transaction and relay it back to the merchant who gives goods or back to the cardholder. *unds flow later for settlement with credit cards and debited immediately for debit or prepaid cards. ". -o$!e Pay#ent According to =wankpa (/>>@) mobile phones are currently used for a limited number of electronic transactions. +owever the percentage seems likely increased as mobile phone manufacturer enable the chip and software in the phone easier electronic commerce. %onsumers can use their mobile phone to pay for transactions on several ways. %onsumer may send an 6 message transmit a
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transactions. These kiosks are fi#ed stations with phone connection where the customer usually uses a keyboard and television like screen to transact or to assess information. Andrian (/>>). ). Bo#etrc Pay#ent( Automated payment using biometrics are still largely in their infancy trials are underway in the united states Australia and a limited number of other countries. 6ost biometric payments involves using finger prints as the identification and assess tool companies like visa international are piloting voice recognition technology and retina scans are also under consideration. 'ssentially a biometric identifiers such as a finger print or voice could replace the plastic card and more securely identifies the person undertaking the transaction. The automated payment is still changed to a credit card of other account with the biometric identifier replacing the card check for other transaction mechanism. +. Auto#ated Pay#ent Net7ork( Garious countries have automated payments networks that consumer can use to make payments electronically. A%+ (Automated %learing +ouse) in the , domestic networks enable automated payment between business and between individuals. The consumer can go online to a financial service kiosk or use other front end devices to assess their account and make payment to business or other individuals. ".%
Cha!!enge( of Auto#ated Student(9 Schoo! 2ee( Pay#ent n Ak7a I$o# State
Po!ytechnc Automated school fees payment system has come to stay. +owever there are some challenges
attracted to it even though most to these challenges are peculiar to the school management. ome of these challenges are analyzed below 1. Tran(,ortaton3Due Proce(( At the course of a student to get his or her school fee paid it is required of him or her to get to the bank location through paying an e#tra money for the transportation. Also students are e#pected to pass through due process (normal
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way-criteria) while paying their fees or before getting their fees receipts from the school bursary department. ". 2nanca! 2raud3Error n O,eraton Automated fees payment like any other electronic based system is prone to fraud and error in operation. This implies that computer operators in the banks who collects these fees from students should be very careful in their transactions while keying in the students identities in order to avoid mistakes or wrong coding or money divert to another one else!s account. %. Sy(te# Breakdo7n3Net7ork 2!uctuaton Automated payment systems are usually networked. Fhen there is network failure or breakdown the system would not function and as such its aims is not achieved. ). /ate Returnng of Te!!er $y the Student3Una'a!a$!ty of Bur(ary Attendant 'vidence of school fee payment is the indication of school fee receipt of the current academic year. The failure of the student to produce the receipt on demand shows that the student has not paid the required fee and as such the student may be disallowed from taking e#amination. ".)
I#,act( of Auto#ated Student( Schoo! 2ee( Pay#ent Sy(te# n Ak7a I$o# State
Po!ytechnc The ma2or advantages of automated student school fees payment are as follows; 1. Con'enence( The convenience of using automated fees payment system is the ma2or
advantage derived by both students and management. ". S,eed ,sing automated payment system is very fast because most of its steps involves the use of computers which has advantage of speed over manual method. %. Securty ecurity has to do with the ability of automated systems to safeguard financial transaction and customers information-data. ). Product'ty The advantage of automated fees payment system is that it will to speed up the school management duties for the effective progress and development in the school system. It also provide 2ob opportunity for computer literates.
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+. Storage Hecords of transaction are safe since all transactions are stored in a database of
the automated system for reference in terms of any illegalities.
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