water is filtered, by applying pressure across a membrane separating permeate permeate on one side, and brine on the other 32 to 80 bars from brackish to seawater Thermal
technologies –
Sea
water is evaporated, and condensed to form a salt-free salt -free distillate Multi-Stage-Flash (MSF) Multi-Effect-Distillation (MED). Electrodialysis -
Involves the removal of salts by separating and collecting their chemical components through electrolysis and is more suited to salty groundwater than seawater.
By - Mayuresh Kulkarni
Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process
Thermal Desalination Process
By - Mayuresh Kulkarni
Plant Layout
By - Mayuresh Kulkarni
Market Share
Projected growth in Water demand by 2025 exceed by 56% Majority of large scale desalination plants in the Arab Gulf Region (AGR) employ thermal desalination processes. 77% of the total water production in the AGR Gulf Region - 94% of the total production by multistage flash (MSF) distillation process
By - Mayuresh Kulkarni
Scenario Demand for fresh water in India (annual)
900 billion cu m
Fresh water available in India (annual)
500-600 billion cu m
Population with no access to safe drinking water in India
22.5 crore
Number of plants installed in India so far
175
Global desalination market by 2015
US$ 95 billion
Annual desalination market in Middle East
US$ 8 billion
Current global water treatment market
US$ 400 billion
Current size of Indian water market
US$ 1 billion
Current share of desalination in water market
0.10%
Share of RO in desalination technologies technologies
59% Source: www.dare.co.in/opportunities
By - Mayuresh Kulkarni
Key Players in India in desalination sector Sr. No.
Name
Activities
1
Larsen & Toubro Ltd.
Large projects including thermal desalination.
2
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)
Have Installed 1 MGD Sea Water RO plant and a number small capacity BWRO plants in Tamil Tamil Nadu for the supply of drinking w ater. Active in R&D R&D of Desalination Desalination processes.
3
Thermax Limited
Water & Waste Water Solutions
4
Chennai Petrochemical Corporation Limited
Has water recovery plant consisting of primary treatment, secondary treatment and RO.
5
George Fischer Piping System Ltd.,
Piping
6
Titanium Tantalum Products Limited
Design, manufacture and supply of Titanium equipments, Electrolysers and electrochlorinators
7
KSB Pumps Ltd.,
Pump manufacturers
8
LARSEN & TOUBRO LTD
Water process proces s Tecnology
9
M/s. Kirloskar Brothers Limited
Turnkey & EPC Pumping Systems
By - Mayuresh Kulkarni
Source: www.indaindia.org
Cost Economics Project cost for setting up a plant (excluding water intake system) with 1 MLD capacity
Rs. 5-6 crore for thermal plants Rs. 4-5 crore for RO plants
Power consumption to produce1 cu m of water
4 units by RO plants 0.7-1 unit by thermal plants
Cost of producing water (from Rs. 30-50 per cum seawater) Rs. 10-15 per cum Cost of producing water (from brackish water)
