Definitions of Petroleum Products and Other Terms

Definitions of Petroleum Products and Other Terms (Revised January 2009) Alcohol. The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary var y in cha chain in len length gth and are compose composed d of a hyd hydroc rocarb arbon on plu pluss a hydroxyl group; CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). Alkylate. The product of an alkylation reaction. It usually refers to the high octane product from alkylation units. This alkylate is used in blending high octane gasoline. gasoline. Alkylation. A refining process for chemically combining isobutane with wi th ole olefin fin hyd hydroc rocarb arbons ons (e. (e.g., g., pro propyl pylene ene,, but butyle ylene) ne) thr throug ough h the control of temperature and pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst, usually sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. The product, alkylate, an isopar iso paraff affin, in, has hig high h oct octane ane val value ue and is ble blende nded d wit with h mot motor or and aviation gasoline to improve the antiknock value of the fuel. All All Oth Other er Mot Motor or Gas Gasoli oline ne Bl Blend ending ing Com Compon ponent ents. s. See Motor Gasoline Blending Components. API Gravity. An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid liq uid pet petrol roleumprodu eumproducts cts.. Th Thee mea measur suring ing sca scale le is cal calibr ibrate ated d in ter terms ms of degrees API; it may be calculated in terms of the following formula:

Deg Degre rees es

API AP I 

141. 5



sp. g.r 60 F/ 60 F

131. 5

The higher the API gravity, the lighter the compound. Light crudes generally exceed 38 degrees API and heavy crudes are commonly labeled as all crudes with an API gravity of 22 degrees or below. Intermediate crudes fall in the range of 22 degrees to 38 degrees API gravity. Aromatics. Hydrocarbons characterized by unsaturated ring structures of car carbon bon ato atoms. ms. Com Commer mercia ciall pet petrol roleum eum aro aromat matics ics are ben benzen zene, e, toluene, and xylene (BTX).

dark-brow brown-ton-to-black black ceme cement-l nt-like ike mate material rial conta containin ining g Asphalt. A dark bitum bitumens ens as the pre predom domina inant nt con consti stitue tuent nt obt obtain ained ed by pet petrol roleum eum processi processing; ng; used primarily primarily for road construction. construction. It incl includes udes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt aspha lt conte content nt of emul emulsions sions (exclusive (exclusive of wate water), r), and petro petroleum leum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts. Note: The conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per short ton. acrony onym m for the Ame Americ rican an Soc Societ iety y for Te Testi sting ng and ASTM. The acr Materials. refining ing proce process ss of separ separatin ating g Atmospheric Atmosphe ric Crud Crudee Oil Dist Distillat illation. ion. The refin crud cr udee oi oill co comp mpon onen ents ts at at atmo mosp sphe heri ricc pr pres essu sure re by he heat atin ing g to temp te mper erat atur ures es of ab abou outt 60 600 0 de degr gree eess Fa Fahr hren enhe heit it to 75 750 0 de degr gree eess Fahren Fah renhei heitt (de (depen pendin ding g on the nat nature ure of the crude crude oil and desired desired products) and subsequent condensing of the fractions by cooling. comple plex x mix mixtur turee of rel relati ativel vely y Aviation Aviation Gasol Gasoline ine (Fini (Finished) shed).. A com volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blend blended ed to for form m a fue fuell sui suitab table le for use in avi aviati ation on rec recipr iproca ocatin ting g engines. engin es. Fuel specificati specifications ons are provided in ASTM Specification Specification D 143

910 and Military Specification Specification MIL-G-5572. Note: Data on blend blending ing com compon ponent entss are not cou counte nted d in dat dataa on fin finish ished ed aviation gasoline. Aviation Gasoline Blending Components. Naphthas which willl be use wil used d for ble blendi nding ng or com compou poundi nding ng int into o fin finish ished ed aviati avi ation on gas gasoli oline ne (e. (e.g., g., str straig aightht-run run gas gasoli oline, ne, alk alkyla ylate, te, refo re form rmat ate, e, be benz nzen ene, e, to tolu luen ene, e, an and d xy xyle lene ne). ). Ex Excl clud udes es oxygenates oxyge nates (alcohols, (alcohols, ether ethers), s), buta butane, ne, and penta pentanes nes plus. Oxygenates are reported as other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates. Barrel. A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. gallons.

amount of input that a Barrels Barrels Per Cale Calendar ndar Day. The amount distil dis tillat lation ion fac facili ility ty can pro proces cesss und under er usu usual al ope operat rating ing conditions condi tions.. The amount is expressed expressed in terms of capacity capacity during dur ing a 2424-hou hourr per period iod and red reduce ucess the max maximu imum m pro proces cessin sing g capa ca pabi bili lity ty of al alll un unit itss at th thee fa faci cili lity ty un unde derr co cont ntin inuo uous us operation (see Barrels per Stream Day) to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: the capability of downstream facilities to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refi re fine nery ry.. No re redu duct ctio ion n is ma made de wh when en a pl plan anne ned d distributi distr ibution on of inter intermedia mediate te strea streams ms throu through gh other than tha n dow downst nstrea ream m fac facili ilitie tiess is par partt of a ref refine inery’ ry’ss normal operation; the types and grades of inputs to be processed; the types and gra grades des of pro produc ducts ts exp expect ected ed to be manufactured; the en the envi viro ronm nmen enta tall refinery operations;

cons co nstr trai aint ntss

asso as soci ciat ated ed

with wi th

the red reduct uction ion of cap capaci acity ty for sch schedu eduled led dow downti ntime me due to such condi conditions tions as rout routine ine inspe inspection ction,, main maintenan tenance, ce, repairs, and turnaround; and the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to suc such h con condit dition ionss as mec mechan hanica icall pro proble blems, ms, repairs, and slowdowns. Barrels Per Stream Day. The maximum number of barrels of input that a distillation facility can process within a 24-hour period when running at full capacity under optimal crude and product slate conditions with no allowance for downtime. Benzene (C 6 H 6 6 ). An aromatic hydrocarbon present in small proportio prop ortion n in some crude oils and made commerciall commercially y from petro petroleu leum m by the cat cataly alytic tic ref reform orming ing of nap naphth hthene eness in petroleum naphtha. Also made from coal in the manufacture of cok coke. e. Us Used ed as a sol solven vent, t, in man manufa ufactu cturin ring g det deterg ergent ents, s, synthetic fibers, and petrochemicals and as a component of high-octane gasoline.

Energy Information Administration/Petroleum Supply Monthly, June 2009

Biodi odiese esell and oth other er ren renewa ewable ble die diesel sel fue fuell Biomass-Based BiomassBased Dies Diesel el Fuel Fuel.. Bi or die diesel sel fue fuell ble blendi nding ng com compon ponent entss der derive ived d fro from m bio biomas mass, s, but excl ex clud udin ing g re rene newa wabl blee di dies esel el fu fuel el co copr proc oces esse sed d wi with th pe petr trol oleu eum m feedstocks. Blending Components. See Motor or Aviation Gasoline Blending Components.

facili ility ty whi which ch has no ref refini ining ng cap capabi abilit lity y but is eit either her Blending Plan Blending Plant. t. A fac capable capab le of produ producing cing finished motor gasol gasoline ine throu through gh mech mechanica anicall blending or blends oxygenates with motor gasoline. gasoline. Petroleum leum imported imported and ente entered red into Bonded Bonded Petr Petroleum oleum Impor Imports. ts. Petro Customs bonded storage. These imports are not included in the import statistics until they are: (1) withdrawn from storage free of duty for use as fuel for vessels and aircraft engaged in international trade; or (2) withdrawn from storage with duty paid for domestic use. BTX. The acronym for the commercial petroleum aromatics benzene, toluene, and xylene. See individual categories for definitions.

facili ility ty use used d pri primar marily ily for the sto storag ragee and and/or /or mar market keting ing Bulk Stat Bulk Station. ion. A fac of petroleum products which has a total bulk storage capacity of less than 50,000 barrels and receives its petroleum products by tank car or truck. facili ility ty use used d pri primar marily ily for the sto storag ragee and and/or /or Bulk Bulk Term Terminal. inal. A fac market mar keting ing of pet petrol roleum eum pro produc ducts ts whi which ch has a tot total al bul bulk k sto storag ragee capacity of 50,000 barrels or more and/or receives petroleum products by tanker, barge, or pipeline. Butane (C 4 H 10 10 ). A normally gaseous straight-chain or branch-chain hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes normal butane and refinery-grade butane and is designated in ASTM AS TM Sp Spec ecif ific icat atio ion n D1 D183 835 5 an and d Ga Gass Pr Proc oces esso sors rs As Asso soci ciat atio ion n Specifications for commercial butane. butane . Normal Butane (C 4 H 10 10 ). A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon that is a colorless paraffinic gas which boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit and is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. Refinery-Grade Butane (C 4 H 10 10 ). A refinery-produced stream thatt is com tha compos posed ed pre predom domina inantl ntly y of nor normal mal but butane ane and and/or /or isobut iso butane ane and may als also o con contai tain n pro propan panee and and/or /or nat natura urall gasoline. These streams may also contain contain significant levels of olefins and/or fluorides contamination. contamination . Butylene (C 4 H 8 ). An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes. Captive Refinery Oxygenate Plants. Oxygenate production facilities located within or adjacent to a refinery complex. complex . Catalytic Cracking. The refining process of breaking down the larger, heavier, and more complex hydrocarbon molecules into simpler and lighter molecules. Catalytic cracking is accomplished by the use of a catalytic agent and is an effective process for increasing the yield of gasoline from crude oil. Catalytic cracking processes fresh feeds and recycled feeds.

Crude de oil or pet petrol roleum eum dis distil tillat lates es whi which ch Fresh Feeds Fresh Feeds.. Cru are being fed to processing units for the first time. Recycled Feeds. Feeds that are continuously fed back for additional processing.

refini ining ng pro proces cesss tha thatt use usess Catalytic Hydrocracking. A ref hydrogen and catalysts with relatively low temperatures and high hig h pre pressu ssures res for con conver vertin ting g mid middle dle boi boilin ling g or res residu idual al material to high-octane gasoline, reformer charge stock, jet fuel, and/or high grade fuel oil. The process uses one or more cataly cat alysts sts,, dep depend ending ing upo upon n pro produc ductt out output put,, and can han handle dle hig high h sulfur feedstocks without prior desulfurization. refini ining ng pro proces cesss for tre treati ating ng Catalytic Hydrotreating. A ref petroleum fractions from atmospheric or vacuum distillation units uni ts (e. (e.g., g., nap naphth hthas, as, mid middle dle dis distil tillat lates, es, ref reform ormer er fee feeds, ds, residual fuel oil, and heavy gas oil) and other petroleum (e.g., cat cracked cracked nap naphth htha, a, cok coker er nap naphth htha, a, gas oil oil,, etc etc.) .) in the presence of catalysts and substantial quantities of hydrogen. Hydr Hy drot otre reat atin ing g in incl clud udes es de desu sulf lfur uriz izat atio ion, n, re remo mova vall of substa sub stance ncess (e. (e.g., g., nit nitrog rogen en com compou pounds nds)) tha thatt dea deacti ctivat vatee catalysts, conversion of olefins to paraffins to reduce gum formation in gasoline, and other processes to upgrade the quality of the fractions. refini ining ng pro proces cesss usi using ng con contro trolle lled d hea heatt Catalytic Reforming. A ref and pressure with catalysts to rearrange certain hydrocarbon molecules, thereby converting paraffinic and naphthenic type hydroc hyd rocarb arbons ons (e. (e.g., g., low low-oc -octan tanee gas gasoli oline ne boi boilin ling g ran range ge fractions) into petrochemical feedstocks and higher octane stocks suitable for blending into finished gasoline. Catalytic reforming is reported in two categories. They are: Low Pressure. A processing unit operating at less than th an 22 225 5 po poun unds ds pe perr sq squa uare re in inch ch ga gaug ugee (P (PSI SIG) G) measured at the outlet separator. High Pressure. A processing unit operating at either equal to or greater than 225 pounds per square inch gauge (PSIG) measured at the outlet separator. Charge Capacity. The input (feed) capacity of the refinery processing facilities. Coal. A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volumee of carbo volum carbonaceo naceous us material. material. It is formed from plant plant remains rema ins that have been compa compacted cted,, harde hardened, ned, chem chemicall ically y altere alt ered, d, and met metamo amorph rphose osed d by hea heatt and pre pressu ssure re ove over r geologic time. Commercial Commerci al Keros Kerosene-T ene-Type ype Jet Fuel. See Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel . Conventional Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (CBOB). See Motor Gasoline Blending Components. Conventional Gasoline. See Motor Gasoline (Finished). Crude Oil. A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at


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atmospher atmosp heric ic pre pressu ssure re aft after er pas passin sing g thr throug ough h sur surfac facee sep separa aratin ting g faciliti faci lities. es. Depe Depending nding upon the chara characteri cteristics stics of the crude stream, stream, it may also include:

produ pro duct ct sp spec ecif ific icat atio ions ns.. Th Thee co coke ke ca can n be us used ed ei eith ther er as a fu fuel el or in other applications such as the manufacturing of steel or aluminum.

Small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in lease separators and are subsequently commingled with the crude cru de str stream eam without without being separate separately ly mea measur sured. ed. Le Lease ase conden con densat satee rec recove overed red as a liq liquid uid fro from m nat natura urall gas wel wells ls in lea lease se or field separation facilities and later mixed into the crude stream is also included;

Thee rem remova ovall of sul sulfur fur,, as fro from m mol molten ten Desulfurization. Th metals met als,, pet petrol roleum eum oil oil,, or flu fluee gas gases. es. Pet Petrol roleum eum desulfurization is a pro proces cesss tha thatt rem remove ovess sul sulfur fur and its compound compoundss fro from m various streams during the refining process. Desulfurization pro proce cess sses es in incl clud udee ca cata taly lyti ticc hy hydr drot otre reat atin ing g an and d ot othe her r cheemi ch mica call/p /phy hysi sica call pro roce cess ssees such su ch as ads dsor orpt ptiion on.. Desulfurization processes vary based on the type of stream treated (e.g., naphtha, distillate, heavy gas oil, etc.) and the amount of sulfur removed (e.g., sulfur reduction to 10 ppm). See Catalytic Hydrotreating .

Small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced from oil, such as sulfur and various metals; Drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Liquids produced at natural natural gas processing plants plants are excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content. Crude oil is considered as either domestic or foreign, according to the following: Domestic. Crude oil produced in the United States or from its Aouter continental shelf’ as defined in 43 USC 1331.

Crude de oil pro produc duced ed out outsid sidee the Uni United ted Sta States tes.. Foreign. Cru Import Imp orted ed Ath Athaba abasca sca hyd hydroc rocarb arbons ons (ta (tarr san sands ds fro from m Can Canada ada)) are included. Crude Oil, Refinery Receipts. Receipts of domestic and foreign crude oil at a refinery. Includes all crude oil in transit except crude oil in transit by pipeline. Foreign crude oil is reported as a receipt only after entry through customs. Crude oil of foreign origin held in bonded storage is excluded. Crude Oil Losses. Represents the volume of crude oil reported by petroleum refineries as being lost in their operations. These losses are duee to sp du spil ills ls,, co cont ntam amin inat atio ion, n, fi fire res, s, et etc. c. as op oppo pose sed d to re refi fine nery ry processing losses. Crude Oil Production. The volume of crude oil produced from oil reserv res ervoir oirss dur during ing giv given en per period iodss of tim time. e. The amo amount unt of suc such h pro produc ductio tion n for a given period is measured as volumes delivered from lease storage tanks (i.e., the point of custody transfer) to pipelines, trucks, or other media for transport to refineries or terminals with adjustments for (1) net differences between opening and closing lease inventories, and (2) basic sediment and water (BS&W). Crude Oil Qualities. Refers to two properties of crude oil, the sulfur content conte nt and API gravi gravity, ty, whic which h affec affectt proce processing ssing complexity complexity and product characteristics.

can be Delayed Coking. A process by which heavier crude oil fractions can thermally decomposed under conditions of elevated temperatures and pressure to produce a mixture of lighter oils and petroleum coke. The light oils can be processed further in other refinery units to meet

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Disposition. The components of petroleum disposition are stock change, crude oil losses, refinery inputs, exports, and products supplied for domestic consumption. Distillate Fuel Oil. A general classification for one of the petroleum petroleum frac fractions tions produ produced ced in conve convention ntional al dist distillat illation ion operation opera tions. s. It includes includes diesel diesel fuels fuels and fuel oils. oils. Produ Products cts known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-hig onhighwa hway y die diesel sel eng engine ines, s, suc such h as tho those se in tru trucks cks and automobiles, as well as off-highway engines, such as those in railroad rail road locomoti locomotives ves and agricultur agricultural al machinery. machinery. Produ Products cts known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating and electric power generation. No. 1 Distillate. A light petroleum distillate that can be used as either a diesel fuel or a fuel oil.

distillate ate fuel oil oil that No. 1 Diesel Fuel . A light distill has a dis distil tillat lation ion tem temper peratu ature re of 550 deg degree reess Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point and meet me etss th thee sp spec ecif ific icat atio ions ns de defi fine ned d in AS ASTM TM Specif Spe cifica icatio tion n D 975 975.. It is used in high speed speed diesel engines generally operated under frequent speed spe ed and load changes, changes, such as tho those se in cit city y buses and similar vehicles. See No. 1 Distillate. distillate te fuel oil that has No. 1 Fuel Oil . A light distilla dist di stil illa lati tion on te temp mper erat atur ures es of 40 400 0 de degr gree eess Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and 550 deg degree reess Fah Fahren renhei heitt at the 9090-per percen centt rec recove overy ry point point and mee meets ts the spe specif cifica icatio tions ns def define ined d in ASTM Specific Specification ation D 396. It is used primarily primarily as fuel for portable outdoor stoves and portable outdoor outdo or heaters. heaters. See No. 1 Distillate. No. 2 Distillate. A petroleum distillate that can be used as either a diesel fuel or a fuel oil. No. 2 Diesel Fuel . A distillate fuel oil that has a distillat disti llation ion temp temperatu erature re of 640 degre degrees es Fahre Fahrenheit nheit at the 90-percent recovery point and meets the specifications defined in ASTM Specification D 975. It is used in high-speed high-speed diesel diesel engines that that are generally operated under uniform speed and load lo ad co cond ndit itio ions ns,, su such ch as th thos osee in ra rail ilro road ad locomotives, trucks, and automobiles. See No. 2 Distillate.


Low Sulfur No. 2 Diesel Fuel. No. 2 diesel fuel that has a sulfur level no higher than 0.05 parts per million by weight. It is used primarily primarily in motor vehicle diesel engines for on-highway use.

Exports. Shipments of crude oil and petroleum products from the 50 Sta States tes and the Dis Distri trict ct of Col Columb umbia ia to for foreig eign n cou countr ntries ies,, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions and territories.

High Sulfur No. 2 Diesel Fuel. No. 2 diesel fuel that has a sulfur level above 0.05 parts per million by weight.

Field Production. Represents crude oil production on leases, natura nat urall gas liq liquid uidss pro produc ductio tion n at nat natura urall gas pro proces cessin sing g pla plants nts,, new suppl supply y of other hydrocarbons/ hydrocarbons/oxygen oxygenates ates and motor gasoline blending components, and fuel ethanol blended into finished motor gasoline.

dist stil illa late te fu fuel el oi oill th that at ha hass a No. 2 Fu No. Fuel el Oi Oill (H (Hea eati ting ng Oi Oil) l).. A di distillation temperature of 640 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent 90-pe rcent recovery point and meet meetss the speci specifica fications tions defi de fine ned d in ASTM ASTM Sp Spec ecif ific icat atio ion n D 39 396. 6. It is us used ed in atom at omiz izin ing g ty type pe bu burn rner erss fo forr do dome mest stic ic he heat atin ing g or fo for r moderate capacity commercial/industrial commercial/industrial burner units. units. See No. 2 Distillate. distil tillat latee fue fuell oil mad madee by ble blendi nding ng dis distil tillat latee fue fuell No. 4 Fu No. Fuel el.. A dis oill an oi and d re resi sidu dual al fu fuel el oi oill st stoc ocks ks.. It co conf nfor orms ms to AS ASTM TM Specification D 396 or Federal Specification VV-F-815C and is used exten extensivel sively y in indus industrial trial plants and in comm commerci ercial al burner burner inst installat allations ions that are not equip equipped ped with preheating preheating faciliti faci lities. es. It also includes includes No. 4 diesel fuel used for low- and medi me dium um-s -spe peed ed di dies esel el en engi gine ness an and d co conf nfor orms ms to AS ASTM TM Specification D 975. 975. No. 4 Diesel Fuel. See No. 4 Fuel . No. 4 Fuel Oil. See No. 4 Fuel . Electricity (Purchased). Electricity purchased for refinery operations that is not produced within the refinery complex. complex . Ending Stocks. Primary stocks of crude oil and petroleum products held in storage as of 12 midnight on the last day of the month. Primary stocks include crude oil or petroleum products held in storage at (or in) leases, refineries, natural gas processing plants, pipelines, tank farms, and bulk terminals that can store at least 50,000 barrels of petroleum products or that can receive petroleum products by tanker, barge, or pipeline. Crude oil that is in-transit by water from Alaska, or that is stored sto red on Fed Federa erall lea leases ses or in the Str Strate ategic gic Pet Petrol roleum eum Res Reserv ervee is included. Primary Stocks exclude stocks of foreign origin that are held in bonded warehouse storage.

oxygenate nate ETBE ETBE (Eth (Ethyl yl tert tertiary iary butyl ether ether)) (CH 3 )3COC 2 H 5. 5. An oxyge blend stock formed by the catalytic etherification of isobutylene with ethanol. normal mally ly gas gaseou eouss str straig aightht-cha chain in hyd hydroc rocarb arbon. on. It is a Ethane (C 2 H 6 Ethane 6 ). A nor colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of - 127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural natural gas and refinery gas streams. streams. gene neri ricc te term rm ap appl plie ied d to a gr grou oup p of or orga gani nicc ch chem emic ical al Ether. A ge compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, characterized by an oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether). Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ). An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery pro proce cess sses es or pe petr troc oche hemi mica call pr proc oces esse ses. s. Et Ethy hyle lene ne is us used ed as a petrochemical feedstock for numerous chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.

thermal mal cracking process whic which h conve converts rts Flexicoking. A ther heavy hydrocarbons such as crude oil, tar sands bitumen, and distillation residues residues into light hydrocarbons. hydrocarbons. Feedstocks can be any pumpable hydrocarbons including those containing high concentrations of sulfur and metals. therma rmall cra cracki cking ng pro proces cesss uti utiliz lizing ing the Fluid Coki Fluid Coking. ng. A the fluidi flu idized zed-so -solid lidss tec techni hnique que to rem remove ove car carbon bon (co (coke) ke) for continuous conversion of heavy, low-grade oils into lighter products. Fresh Feed Input. Represents input of material (crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons and oxygen oxy genate atess or fin finish ished ed pro produc ducts) ts) to pro proces cessin sing g uni units ts at a refinery that is being processed (input) into a particular unit for the first time.

Examples: (1) Un (1) Unfi fini nish shed ed oi oils ls co comi ming ng ou outt of a cr crud udee oi oill di dist stil illa lati tion on un unit it which are input into a catalytic cracking unit are considered fresh feed to the catalytic cracking unit. (2) Unfi Unfinishe nished d oils coming coming out of a catalyt catalytic ic cracking cracking unit unit being looped back into the same catalytic cracking unit to be reprocessed are not considered fresh feed. anhydrous rous alco alcohol hol (eth (ethanol anol Fuel Ethanol (C 2 H 5OH). An anhyd with less than 1% water) intended for gasoline blending as described in Oxygenates definition. refini ining ng pro proces cesss for rem removi oving ng Fuels Solve Fuels Solvent nt Deas Deasphalt phalting. ing. A ref asphal asp haltt com compou pounds nds fro from m pet petrol roleum eum fra fracti ctions ons,, suc such h as red reduce uced d crude oil. The recovered stream from this process is used to produce fuel products. liquid id petro petroleum leum distillate distillate having a visco viscosity sity Gas Oi Oil. l. A liqu intermediate between that of kerosene and lubricating oil. It derives its name from having originally been used in the manufacture of illuminating gas. It is now used to produce distillate fuel oils and gasoline. blend nd of fin finish ished ed mot motor or gas gasoli oline ne con contai tainin ning g Gasohol. A ble alcoho alc oholl (ge (gener nerall ally y eth ethano anoll but som someti etimes mes met methan hanol) ol) at a concen con centra tratio tion n of 10 per percen centt or les lesss by vol volume ume.. Dat Dataa on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and is intend int ended ed for sal salee ins inside ide car carbon bon mon monoxi oxide de non nonatt attain ainmen mentt are areas as are inc includ luded ed in dat dataa on oxy oxygen genate ated d gas gasoli oline. ne. See Oxygenates. Naphthas thas which will be Gasoline Blen Gasoline Blending ding Comp Component onents. s. Naph used for blending or compounding into finished aviation or


146

motor mot or gas gasoli oline ne (e. (e.g., g., str straig aightht-run run gas gasoli oline, ne, alk alkyla ylate, te, ref reform ormate ate,, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Gasoli Gas oline ne Tre Treate ated d as Ble Blends ndstoc tock k (GT (GTAB AB). ). See Moto Motorr Gasol Gasoline ine Blending Components. Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units. Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensat conde nsate, e, natur natural al gas plant liqui liquids, ds, unfin unfinishe ished d oils oils,, lique liquefied fied refi refinery nery gases, gas es, slo slop p oil oils, s, and oth other er liq liquid uid hyd hydroc rocarb arbons ons pro produc duced ed fro from m tar san sands, ds, gilsonite, and oil shale. Heavy Gas Oil. Petroleum distillates with an approximate boiling range from 651 degrees Fahrenheit to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit.

point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification D 3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. See Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel . Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel. A kerosene-based product having a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and a final maximum boiling poi point nt of 57 572 2 de degr gree eess Fa Fahr hren enhe heit it an and d me meet etin ing g AS ASTM TM Spec Sp ecif ific icat atio ion n D 16 1655 55 an and d Mi Mili lita tary ry Sp Spec ecif ific icat atio ions ns MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines.

Distilla illate te fuel oil havin having g sulfu sulfur r High-Sul High-Sulfur fur Dist Distilla illate te Fuel Oil. Dist content greater than 500 ppm.

Commercial. Kerosene-type jet fuel intended for use in commercial aircraft.

Hydrogen. The lightest of all gases, occurring chiefly in combination with oxygen in water; exists also in acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons.

Military. Kerosene-type jet fuel intended for use in military aircraft.

componentt of ope operab rable le cap capaci acity ty tha thatt is not in Idle Capacity. The componen operation and not under active repair, but capable of being placed in operat ope ration ion wi withi thin n 30 day days; s; and cap capaci acity ty not in ope operat ration ion but und under er act active ive repair that can be completed within 90 days.

mixt xtur uree co cons nsis isti ting ng pr prim imar aril ily y of Lease Lease Conde Condensate nsate.. A mi pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons which is recovered as a liquid liqui d from natural gas in lease separatio separation n facilities. facilities. This category categ ory excludes natural natural gas liquids, such as butan butanee and propa propane, ne, whi which ch are rec recove overed red at dow downst nstrea ream m nat natura urall gas processing plants plants or facilities. facilities. See Natural Gas Liquids.

Imported Crude Oil Burned As Fuel. The amount of foreign crude oil burne bu rned d as a fue fuell oil oil,, usu usuall ally y as res residu idual al fue fuell oil oil,, wi witho thout ut bei being ng pro proces cessed sed as such. Imported crude oil burned as fuel includes lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.

Liquid d Petro Petroleum leum dist distillat illates es heavi heavier er than Light Light Gas Oils Oils.. Liqui naphtha, with an approximate boiling range from 401 degrees Fahrenheit to 650 degrees Fahrenheit. Fahrenheit.

Imports. Receipts of crude oil and petroleum products into the 50 States and the District of Columbia from foreign countries, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions and territories. Isobutane (C 4 H 10 10 ). A normally gaseous branch-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural natural gas or refinery gas streams. streams. Isobutylene (C 4 H 8 ). An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

saturated ated branch-chain branch-chain hydrocarbon. hydrocarbon. It is a Isohexane Isohexane (C 6 H 14 14 ). A satur colorl col orless ess liq liquid uid tha thatt boi boils ls at a tem temper peratu ature re of 156 156.2 .2 deg degree reess Fah Fahren renhei heit. t. refini ining ng pro proces cesss whi which ch alt alters ers the fun fundam dament ental al Isomerization. A ref arrangement of atoms in the molecule without adding or removing anythi any thing ng fro from m the ori origin ginal al mat materi erial. al. Use Used d to con conver vertt nor normalbutan malbutanee int into o isobutane (C4), an alkylation process feedstock, and normal pentane and hex hexane ane int into o iso isopen pentan tanee (C5) and isohexan isohexanee (C6), highhigh-octan octanee gasoline components. Isopentane. See Natural Gasoline and Isopentane. Kerosene. A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wick-fed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperatu temp erature re of 400 degre degrees es Fahre Fahrenheit nheit at the 10-pe 10-percent rcent recovery recovery

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Liq Lique uefi fied ed Pe Petr trol oleu eum m Ga Gase sess (L (LPG PG). ). A group of hydrocarbo hydro carbon-bas n-based ed gases derived from crude oil refi refining ning or natural natur al gas fractionation. fractionation. They include: include: ethane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutyle isobu tylene. ne. For convenience convenience of trans transporta portation tion,, these gases are liquefied through pressurization. Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG). Liquefied petroleum gases fractionat fract ionated ed from refi refinery nery or stil stilll gases gases.. Throu Through gh compr compressi ession on and/or refrigeration, they are retained in the liquid state. The reported categories are ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutyl isobutane/isobutylene. ene. Excludes still gas. Low-Sulfur Distillate Fuel Oil. Distillate fuel oil having sulfurr content greater sulfu greater than 15 ppm to 500 ppm. Low sulfur sulfur distillate fuel oil also includes product with sulfur content equal to or less than 15 ppm if the product is intended for pipeline shipment and the pipeline has a sulfur specification below 15 ppm.

Substa stance ncess use used d to red reduce uce fri fricti ction on bet betwee ween n Lubricants. Sub bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated into in to ot othe herr ma mate teri rial alss us used ed as pr proc oces essi sing ng ai aids ds in th thee manufacture of other products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distil dis tillat lates es or res residu idues. es. Lub Lubric ricant antss inc includ ludee all gra grades des of lubricating oils from spindle oil to cylinder oil and those used in greases.


Merchant Oxygenate Plants. Oxygenate production facilities that are not ass associ ociate ated d wit with h a pet petrol roleum eum ref refine inery. ry. Pro Produc ductio tion n fro from m the these se faci fa cili liti ties es is so sold ld un unde derr co cont ntra ract ct or on th thee sp spot ot ma mark rket et to re refi fine ners rs or ot othe her r gasoline blenders. Methanol (CH 3OH). A light, volatile alcohol intended for gasoline blending as described in Oxygenate definition.

genera erall cla classi ssific ficati ation on of ref refine ined d pet petrol roleum eum Middle Distillates. A gen products that includes distillate fuel oil and kerosene. Military Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel. See Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel. Miscellaneous Products. Includes all finished products not classified elsewh els ewhere ere (e. (e.g., g., pet petrol rolatu atum, m, lub lubee ref refini ining ng byp byprod roduct uctss (ar (aroma omati ticc extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, synthetic natural gas feedstocks, feedstocks, and specialty oils). oils). Note: Beginning with wi th Ja Janu nuar ary y 20 2004 04 da data ta,, na naph phth thaa-ty type pe je jett fu fuel el is in incl clud uded ed in Miscellaneous Products. Motor Gasoline (Finished). A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition spark-ignition engines. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification D 4814 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of 122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10 percent recovery point to 365 to 374 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90 percent recovery point. “Motor Gasoline” includes incl udes conve convention ntional al gasol gasoline; ine; all types of oxyge oxygenated nated gasoline, gasoline, including gasohol; and reformulated gasoline, but excludes aviation gaso ga soli line ne.. Volu Vo lume metr tric ic da data ta on bl blen endi ding ng co comp mpon onen ents ts,, su such ch as oxygen oxy genate ates, s, are not cou counte nted d in dat dataa on fin finish ished ed mot motor or gas gasoli oline ne unt until il the blending components are blended into the gasoline. Note: E85 is includ inc luded ed onl only y in vol volume umetri tricc dat dataa on fin finish ished ed mot motor or gas gasoli oline ne pro produc ductio tion n and other components of product supplied. Conventional Gasoline. Finished motor gasoline not included in the oxygenated or reformulated reformulated gasoline categories. categories. Note: This category excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as well as other blendstock. OPRG. “Oxygenated Fuels Program Reformulated Gasoline” is ref reform ormula ulated ted gas gasoli oline ne whi which ch is int intend ended ed for use in an oxygenated fuels program control area. Oxygenated Gaso Oxygenated Gasoline line (Incl (Including uding Gaso Gasohol). hol). Oxygenated gasoli gas oline ne inc includ ludes es all fin finish ished ed mot motor or gas gasoli oline, ne, oth other er tha than n reform ref ormula ulated ted gas gasoli oline, ne, hav having ing oxy oxygen gen con conten tentt of 2.0 per percen centt or higher by weight. Gasohol containing a minimum minimum 5.7 percent etha et hano noll by vo volu lume me is in incl clud uded ed in ox oxyg ygen enat ated ed ga gaso soli line ne.. Oxygenated gasoline was reported as a separate product from January 1993 until December 2003 inclusive. Beginning with monthl mon thlyy dat data a for Jan Januar uaryy 200 2004, 4, oxy oxygen genate ated d gas gasoli oline ne is includ inc luded ed in con conven ventio tional nal gas gasoli oline. ne. His Histor torica icall dat dataa for oxygenated gasoline excluded Federal Oxygenated Program Reform Ref ormula ulated ted Gas Gasoli oline ne (OP (OPRG RG). ). Histo Hi storic rical al oxy oxygen genate ated d gasoline data also excluded other reformulated gasoline with a seasonal oxygen requirement regardless of season. Reformulated Gasoline . Finished gasoline formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meett the req mee requir uireme ements nts of the ref reform ormula ulated ted gas gasoli oline ne reg regula ulatio tions ns promulgat prom ulgated ed by the U.S. Environmental Environmental Protection Protection Agenc Agency y under und er Sec Sectio tion n 211 211(k) (k) of the Cle Clean an Air Ac Act. t. It inc includ ludes es gas gasoli oline ne

produced to meet or exceed emissions performance and benze benzene ne conte content nt stan standards dards of feder federal-pr al-program ogram reformulated gasoline even though the gasoline may not meet all of the composition requirements (e.g., oxygen oxyge n conte content) nt) of feder federal-p al-progra rogram m refor reformulat mulated ed gasoline. gasol ine. Note Note:: This category category includes Oxygenated Oxygenated Fuels Fue ls Pro Progra gram m Ref Reform ormula ulated ted Gas Gasoli oline ne (O (OPRG PRG). ). Reform Ref ormula ulated ted gas gasoli oline ne exc exclud ludes es Ref Reform ormula ulated ted Blendstoc Blen dstock k for Oxyge Oxygenate nate Blen Blending ding (RBO (RBOB) B) and Gasoline Treated as Blendstock (GTAB). Ref Refor ormu mula late ted d (Ble (B lend nded ed with wi th Alco Al coho hol) l).. Reformulated gasoline blended with an alcohol component (e.g., fuel ethanol) at a terminal or refinery to raise the oxygen content. Reformulated (Blended with Ether). Reform Ref ormula ulated ted gas gasoli oline ne ble blende nded d wit with h an eth ether er component (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether) at a terminal or refinery to raise the oxygen content. Reformulated (Non-Oxygenated). Reformulated gaso ga soli line ne wi with thou outt ad adde ded d et ethe herr or al alco coho holl components.

Mechanical nical mixing of motor Motor Motor Gaso Gasoline line Blen Blending. ding. Mecha gaso ga soli line ne bl blen endi ding ng co comp mpon onen ents ts,, an and d ox oxyg ygen enat ates es wh when en required, to produce finished finished motor gasoline. Finished motor gasoline gasol ine may be furth further er mixed with other motor gasol gasoline ine blending components or oxygenates, resulting in increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or changes in the formulati form ulation on of fini finished shed moto motorr gasol gasoline ine (e.g (e.g., ., conve conventio ntional nal motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce oxygenated motor gasoline). Naphthas thas (e.g (e.g., ., Motor Motor Gasol Gasoline ine Blend Blending ing Comp Component onents. s. Naph straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene xyl ene)) use used d for ble blendi nding ng or com compou poundi nding ng int into o fin finish ished ed mot motor or gasoline. gasol ine. Thes Thesee comp component onentss inclu include de refo reformul rmulated ated gasoline blend blendsto stock ck for oxy oxygen genate ate ble blendi nding ng (R (RBOB BOB)) but exc exclud ludee oxygenates oxyge nates (alcohols, (alcohols, ether ethers), s), buta butane, ne, and penta pentanes nes plus. Note: Oxygenates are reported as individual components and are included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates. Conventional Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending Conventio entional nal gasol gasoline ine blend blendstoc stock k inten intended ded (CBOB). Conv for ble blendi nding ng wi with th oxy oxygen genate atess dow downst nstrea ream m of the refinery where it was produced. CBOB must become conv co nven enti tion onaal ga gassol oliine af afte terr bl bleend ndin ing g with oxygenates oxyge nates.. Motor gasoline gasoline blending blending components components that require blending other than with oxygenates to become finished conventional gasoline are reported as All Other Motor Gasoline Blending Components. Excludes Excl udes refor reformula mulated ted blend blendstock stock for oxyge oxygenate nate blending (RBOB). Gas asol olin inee Tre reat ated ed as Ble len nds dsttoc ock k (GTAB) B).. Non-certified Foreign Refinery gasoline classified by an importer as blendstock to be either blended or recl re clas assi sifi fied ed wi with th re resp spec ectt to re refo form rmul ulat ated ed or convention conve ntional al gasoline. gasoline. GTAB is classified classified as eith either er


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reformulated or conventional based on emissions performance and the intended end use. Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (RBOB). Specially produced reformulated gasoline blendstock intended for ble blendi nding ng wit with h oxy oxygen genate atess dow downst nstrea ream m of the refin refinery ery Incl clud udes es RB RBOB OB us used ed to me meet et where whe re it was pro produc duced. ed. In requirements of the Federal reformulated gasoline program and other blendstock intended for blending with oxygenates to produce produce fini finished shed gasoline that meet meetss or excee exceeds ds emis emissions sions performa perf ormance nce requi requireme rements nts of Feder Federal al refo reformul rmulated ated gasol gasoline ine (e.g., (e. g., Califor California nia RBOB and Ari Arizon zonaa RB RBOB) OB).. Exc Exclud ludes es convention conve ntional al gasol gasoline ine blend blendstock stockss for oxyge oxygenate nate blend blending ing (CBOB).

Motor or gas gasoli oline ne RBO RBOB B fo forr Bl Blen endi ding ng wi with th Al Alco coho hol. l. Mot blend blending ing com compon ponent entss int intend ended ed to be ble blende nded d wi with th an alcoho alc oholl com compon ponent ent (e. (e.g., g., fue fuell eth ethano anol) l) at a ter termin minal al or refinery to raise the oxygen content. RBOB for Blending with Ether. Motor gasoline blending comp co mpon onen ents ts in inte tend nded ed to be bl blen ende ded d wi with th an et ethe her r component (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether) at a terminal or refinery to raise the oxygen content. All All Ot Othe herr Mo Moto torr Ga Gaso soli line ne Bl Blen endi ding ng Co Comp mpon onen ents ts.. Naphthas (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, ben benze zene ne,, tol olue uene ne,, xy xyllen ene) e) us useed fo forr bl bleend ndiing or compou com poundi nding ng int into o fin finish ished ed mot motor or gas gasoli oline. ne. Inc Includ ludes es receipts recei pts and inputs of Gaso Gasoline line Treated as Blen Blendstoc dstock k (GTAB). Excludes conventional blendstock for oxygenate blending (CBOB), reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending, oxygenates (e.g. fuel ethanol and methyl tertiary butyl ether), butane, and pentanes plus.

ether er int intend ended ed MTBE (Me MTBE (Methy thyll ter tertia tiary ry but butyl yl eth ether) er) (CH 3 )3COCH 3. 3. An eth for gasoline blending as described in Oxygenate definition. Naphtha. A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an approximate boiling range between 122 degrees Fahrenheit and 400 degrees Fahrenheit. o

Naphtha Less Than 401 F. See Petrochemical Feedstocks. Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel. A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range having hav ing an ave averag ragee gra gravit vity y of 52. 52.8 8 deg degree reess API API,, 20 to 90 per percen centt distillation temperatures temperatures of 290 degrees to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification Specification MIL-T-5624L (Grade (Grade JP-4). It is used prima pr imaril rily y for mil milit itary ary tur turboj bojet et and tur turbop boprop rop air aircra craft ft eng engine iness bec becaus ausee it has a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meets engine requir req uireme ements nts at hig high h alt altitu itudes des and spe speeds eds.. Not Note: e: Beg Beginn inning ing with January 2004 data, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in Miscellaneous Products.

gaseous us mixtu mixture re of hydro hydrocarb carbon on comp compounds ounds,, the Natural Natural Gas. A gaseo primary one being methane. Natural Gas Field Facility. A field facility designed to process natural gas produced from more than one lease for the purpose of recovering condensate from a stream of natural gas; however, some field facilities are designed to recover propane, normal butane, pentanes plus, etc., and to control the quality of natural gas to be marketed.

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Natural Gas Liquids. Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated from the gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation, adsorption, or other methods in gas processin processing g or cycli cycling ng plant plants. s. Gener Generally ally such liqui liquids ds consi consist st of propa pr opane ne and hea heavie vierr hyd hydroc rocarb arbons ons and are com common monly ly ref referr erred ed to as lea lease se con conden densat sate, e, nat natura urall gas gasoli oline, ne, and liq liquef uefied ied petroleum gases. Natural gas liquids include natural natural gas plant liquids (primarily ethane, propane, butane, and isobutane; see Natural Gas Plant Liquids) and lease condensate (primarily pentanes produced from natural gas at lease separators and field facilities; see Lease Condensate). Natural Gas Plant Liquids. Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated as liquids at natural gas processing pla plant nts, s, fr frac acti tion onat atin ing g an and d cy cycl clin ing g pl plan ants ts,, an and, d, in so some me instan ins tances ces,, fie field ld faciliti facilities. es. Lea Lease se condensa condensate te is exc exclud luded. ed. Products obtained include ethane; liquefied petroleum gases (propane, butanes, propane-butane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures); isopentane; and other small quantities of finished products, such as motor gasoline, special naphthas, jet fuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.

Facilitie itiess desi designed gned to recov recover er Natural Gas Proc Natural Processin essing g Plan Plant. t. Facil natural gas liquids from a stream of natural gas that may or may not have passed through lease separators and/or field facilities. ities. These facilities facilities control control the quality of separation facil the natural gas to be mar market keted. ed. Cyc Cyclin ling g pla plants nts are cla classi ssifie fied d as gas processing plants. Nat Natur ural al Ga Gaso soli line ne an and d Is Isop open enta tane ne.. A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted from natural gas, that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Associ Ass ociati ation. on. Inc Includ ludes es iso isopen pentan tanee whi which ch is a sat satura urated ted bra branc nchh-ch chai ain n hydr hy droc ocar arbo bon, n, (C obtained by 5H12), fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane. Net Receipts. The difference between total movements into and total movements out of each PAD District by pipeline, tanker, and barge. Normal Butane. See Butane.

intergover government nmental al organ organizat ization ion whos whosee state stated d OPEC. An inter objective is to coordinate and unify petroleum policies among member countries. It was created at the Baghdad Conference on Sep Septem tember ber 10– 10–14, 14, 196 1960, 0, by Ira Iran, n, Ira Iraq, q, Kuw Kuwait ait,, Sau Saudi di Arabia and Venezuela. The five founding members were later joine joined d by nin ninee oth other er mem member bers: s: Qat Qatar ar (19 (1961) 61);; Ind Indone onesia sia (1962-2008 (1962 -2008); ); Liby Libyaa (1962 (1962); ); Unit United ed Arab Emir Emirates ates (1967 (1967); ); Algeria (1969); Nigeria (1971); Ecuador (1973–1992; 2007); Gabon (1975–1994) and Angola (2007). amount of cap capaci acity ty tha that, t, at the Operable Capac Operable Capacity. ity. The amount beginning of the period, is in operation; not in operation and nott un no unde derr ac acti tive ve re repa pair ir,, bu butt ca capa pabl blee of be bein ing g pl plac aced ed in operation within 30 days; or not in operation but under active repair rep air tha thatt can be com comple pleted ted wit within hin 90 day days. s. Ope Operab rable le capacity is the sum of the operating and idle capacity and is measur mea sured ed in bar barrel relss per cal calend endar ar day or bar barrel relss per str stream eam day day..


Repr pres esen ents ts th thee ut util iliz izat atio ion n of th thee Operable Operab le Ut Utili ilizat zation ion Rat Rate. e. Re atmosp atm ospher heric ic cru crude de oil dis distil tillat lation ion uni units. ts. The rat ratee is cal calcul culate ated d by dividing the gross input to these units by the operable refining capacity of the units. Operating Capacity. The component of operable capacity that is in operation at the beginning of the period.

Repr pres esen ents ts th thee ut util iliz izat atio ion n of th thee Operating Operat ing Uti Utiliz lizati ation on Rat Rate. e. Re atmosp atm ospher heric ic cru crude de oil dis distil tillat lation ion uni units. ts. The rat ratee is cal calcul culate ated d by dividi div iding ng the gro gross ss inp input ut to the these se uni units ts by the ope operat rating ing ref refini ining ng cap capaci acity ty of the units. Other Hydrocarbons. Materials received by a refinery and consumed as a raw mat materi erial. al. Inc Includ ludes es hyd hydrog rogen, en, coa coall tar der deriva ivativ tives, es, gil gilson sonite ite,, and natura nat urall gas rec receiv eived ed by the ref refine inery ry for ref reform orming ing int into o hyd hydrog rogen. en. Natural gas to be used as fuel is excluded.

Persian Gulf. The countries that comprise the Persian Gulf are: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

Chemical ical feeds feedstocks tocks deriv derived ed Petrochemical Feedstocks. Chem from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic synth etic rubber, and a vari variety ety of plas plastics. tics. The categ categories ories o reported are “Naphtha Less Than 401 F” and “Other Oils o Equal To or Greater Than 401 F.” o

naph phth thaa wi with th a bo boil ilin ing g Naphtha Napht ha Le Less ss Tha Than n 401 F . A na range ran ge of les lesss tha than n 401 degrees degrees Fah Fahren renhei heitt tha thatt is intended for use as a petrochemical feedstock. o Other Oils Equal To or Greater Than 401 F . Oils with a boiling range equal to or greater than 401 degree deg reess Fah Fahren renhei heitt tha thatt are intended intended for use as a petrochemical feedstock.

o

Other Oils Equal To or Greater Than 401 F. See Petrochemical Feedstocks.

Other er ali alipha phatic tic alc alcoho ohols ls and ali alipha phatic tic eth ethers ers Other Oxyg Other Oxygenate enates. s. Oth intended for motor gasoline blending (e.g., isopropyl ether (IPE) or n-propanol). Oxygenated Gasoline. See Motor Gasoline (Finished). Oxygenates. Substances which, when added to gasoline, increase the amount amo unt of oxy oxygen gen in tha thatt gas gasoli oline ne ble blend. nd. Fue Fuell Et Ethan hanol, ol, Methyl Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE), and methanol are common oxygenates.

Blen ends ds of up to 10 pe perc rcen entt by vo volu lume me Fuel Etha Ethanol. nol. Bl anhydrous ethanol (200 proof) (commonly referred to as the “gasohol waiver”). Blendss of metha methanol nol and gasol gasoline-g ine-grade rade tert tertiary iary Methanol. Blend butyl alcohol (GTBA) such that the total oxygen content does not exceed 3.5 percent by weight and the ratio of methanol to GTBA is less than or equal to 1. It is also specified that this blend blended ed fue fuell mus mustt mee meett AST ASTM M vol volati atilit lity y spe specif cifica icatio tions ns (commonly referred to as the “ARCO” waiver). Blends Blen ds of up to 5. 5.0 0 pe perc rcen entt by vo volu lume me me meth than anol ol wi with th a minimum of 2.5 percent by volume cosolvent alcohols having a carbon number of 4 or less (i.e., ethanol, propanol, butanol, and/or GTBA). The total oxygen must not exceed 3.7 percent by by we weig ight ht,, an and d th thee bl blen end d mu must st me meet et AS ASTM TM vo vola lati tili lity ty specifications as well as phase separation and alcohol purity specificat speci fications ions (com (commonly monly refe referred rred to as the “DuPo “DuPont” nt” waiv waiver). er). Blend endss up to 15. 15.0 0 per percen centt MTBE (Met MTBE (Methyl hyl tert tertiary iary butyl ether ether). ). Bl by by vo volu lume me MT MTBE BE wh whic ich h mu must st me meet et th thee AS ASTM TM D4 D481 814 4 specifications. Blenders must take precautions precautions that the blends are not used as base gasolines for other oxygenated blends (commonly referred to as the “Sun” waiver). mixtu xture re of hyd hydroc rocarb arbons ons,, mos mostly tly pen pentan tanes es and Pentanes Pentanes Plus Plus.. A mi heavie hea vier, r, ext extrac racted ted fro from m nat natura urall gas gas.. Inc Includ ludes es iso isopen pentan tane, e, nat natura urall gasoline, and plant condensate.

Petroleu Petroleum m Admi Administr nistration ation for Defe Defense nse (PA (PAD) D) Dist District ricts. s. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts by the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. These districts were originally defined during dur ing Wor World ld War II for pur purpos poses es of adm admini iniste sterin ring g oil allocation.. allocation Petroleum Coke. A residue high in carbon content and low in hydrog hyd rogen en tha thatt is the fin final al pro produc ductt of the therm rmal al dec decomp omposi ositio tion n in the con conden densat sation ion pro proces cesss in cra cracki cking. ng. Thi Thiss pro produc ductt is rep report orted ed as marketab marketable le coke or cat cataly alyst st coke. Th Thee con conver versio sion n is 5 barrels barrels (of 42 U.S. gallons gallons each) per short ton. Coke from petro pe troleu leum m has a hea heatin ting g val value ue of 6.0 6.024 24 mil millio lion n Bt Btu u per bar barrel rel.. Catalyst Coke. In many catalytic operations (e.g., catalytic crac cr acki king ng)) ca carb rbon on is de depo posi site ted d on th thee ca cata taly lyst st,, th thus us deacti dea ctivat vating ing the cat cataly alyst. st. The cat cataly alyst st is rea reacti ctivat vated ed by burning off the carbon, which is used as a fuel in the refining pro proce cess ss.. Th This is ca carb rbon on or co coke ke is no nott re reco cove vera rabl blee in a concentrated form. Marketable Coke. Those grades of coke produced in delayed or fluid cokers which may be recovered as relatively pure carb ca rbon on.. Th This is “g “gre reen en”” co coke ke ma may y be so sold ld as is or fu furt rthe herr pu puri rifi fied ed by calcining. Petroleum Products. Petroleum products are obtained from the proce processing ssing of crude oil (inc (includin luding g lease condensate), condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pen penta tane ness pl plus us,, av avia iati tion on ga gaso soli line ne,, mo moto torr ga gaso soli line ne,, naphth nap htha-t a-type ype jet fue fuel, l, ker kerose osenene-typ typee jet fue fuel, l, ker kerose osene, ne, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous products.

Crude de oil and pro produc ductt pip pipeli elines nes use used d to Pipeline (Petroleum). Cru transp tra nsport ort cru crude de oil and pet petrol roleum eum pro produc ducts ts res respec pectiv tively ely,, (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompany pipelines) within the 50 States and the District of Columbia.


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Plant Condensate. One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants. Processing Gain. The volumetric amount by which total output is greater than input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude oil into products which, in total, have a lower specific gravity than the crude oil processed.

volume umetri tricc amo amount unt by whi which ch tot total al ref refine inery ry Processing Loss. The vol output is less than input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude oil into products which, in total, have a higher specific gravity than the crude oil processed. Product Product Suppl Supplied, ied, Crud Crudee Oil. Crude oil burned on leases and by pipelines as fuel. Production Capacity. The maximum amount of product that can be produced from processing facilities.

Approx roxima imatel tely y rep repres resent entss con consum sumpti ption on of Products Products Suppl Supplied. ied. App petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas processing plants, plants, blending plants, pipel pipelines, ines, and bulk term terminal inals. s. In gener general, al, product supplied of each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery production, plus imports, plus unaccounted for crude oil, (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District Dist rict basis), basis), minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, minus exports. Propane (C 3 H 8 ). A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of - 43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Proce Processors ssors Assoc Associati iation on Speci Specificat fications ions for comm commerci ercial al propa propane ne and HD-5 propane.

Refinery Input, Total. The raw materials and intermediate mate ma teri rial alss pr proc oces esse sed d at re refi fine neri ries es to pr prod oduc ucee fi fini nish shed ed petro petroleu leum m pro produc ducts. ts. The They y inc includ ludee cru crude de oil oil,, pro produc ducts ts of natu na tura rall ga gass pr proc oces essi sing ng pl plan ants ts,, un unfi fini nish shed ed oi oils ls,, ot othe her r hydrocarbons and oxygenates, motor gasoline and aviation gasoli gas oline ne ble blendi nding ng com compon ponent entss and fin finish ished ed pet petrol roleum eum products.

Petrol roleum eum pro produc ducts ts pro produc duced ed at a Refinery Production. Pet refinery refi nery or blend blending ing plant plant.. Publi Published shed production production of these products products equal equalss refi refinery nery produ production ction minu minuss refin refinery ery input input.. Negative production will occur when the amount of a product produced during the month is less than the amount of that same product that is reprocessed (input) or reclassified to become another product during the same month. Refinery produ pr oducti ction on of unf unfini inishe shed d oil oils, s, and mot motor or and avi aviati ation on gas gasoli oline ne blending components appear on a net basis under refinery input. Refinery Yield. Refinery yield (expressed as a percentage) represents repre sents the perc percent ent of fini finished shed product produced from inpu in putt of cr crud udee oi oill an and d ne nett in inpu putt of un unfi fini nish shed ed oi oils ls.. It is calculated by dividing the sum of crude oil and net unfinished input into the individual net production of finished products. Before calculating the yield for finished motor gasoline, the inpu in putt of na natu tura rall ga gass li liqu quid ids, s, ot othe herr hy hydr droc ocar arbo bons ns an and d oxyg ox ygen enat ates es,, an and d ne nett in inpu putt of mo moto torr ga gaso soli line ne bl blen endi ding ng components must be subtracted from the net production of finished fini shed moto motorr gasol gasoline. ine. Before calcu calculati lating ng the yiel yield d for finished aviation gasoline, input of aviation gasoline blending components must be subtracted from the net production of finished aviation gasoline. Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (RBOB). See Motor Gasoline Blending Components. Reformulated Gasoline. See Motor Gasoline (Finished).

Propylene (C 3 H 6 6 ). An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Propyl pylene ene tha thatt is int intend ended ed for Propylenee (C 3 H 6 6 ) (no Propylen (nonfu nfuel el use use). ). Pro usee in no us nonf nfue uell ap appl plic icat atio ions ns su such ch as pe petr troc oche hemi mica call man anuf ufac acttur uriing ng.. Non onffue uell us usee pr prop opyl ylen enee inc ncllud udes es chemicalchemi cal-grade grade propy propylene, lene, polym polymer-g er-grade rade propy propylene, lene, and trac tr acee am amou ount ntss of pr prop opan ane. e. No Nonf nfue uell us usee pr prop opyl ylen enee al also so includ inc ludes es the pro propyl pylene ene com compon ponent ent of pro propan pane/p e/prop ropyle ylene ne mixes where the propylene will be separated from the mix in a pro propa pane ne/p /pro ropy pyle lene ne sp spli litt ttin ing g pr proc oces ess. s. Excl Ex clud uded ed is th thee propylene component of propane/propylene mixes where the propylene component of the mix is intended for sale into the fuel market. instal tallat lation ion tha thatt man manufa ufactu ctures res fin finish ished ed pet petrol roleum eum Refinery. An ins products products from crude oil, unfi unfinishe nished d oils oils,, natur natural al gas liqu liquids, ids, other hydrocarbons, and oxygenates. Refinery-Grade Butane. See Butane. Refinery Input, Crude Oil. Total crude oil (domestic plus foreign) input to crude oil distillation units and other refinery processing units (cokers, etc.).

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Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other). Diesel fuel and diesel fuel blending components produced from renewable sources that aree co ar copr proc oces esse sed d wi with th pe petr trol oleu eum m fe feed edst stoc ocks ks an and d me meet et requirements of advanced biofuels.

Fuel elss an and d fu fuel el bl blen endi ding ng Renew Renewabl ablee Fue Fuels ls (Ot (Other her). ). Fu components compo nents,, excep exceptt biom biomass-b ass-based ased dies diesel el fuel fuel,, renew renewable able diesel die sel fue fuel, l, and fue fuell eth ethano anol, l, pro produc duced ed fro from m ren renew ewabl ablee biomass. general al clas classific sification ation for the heavi heavier er Residual Fuel Oil. A gener oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in ref refine inery ry ope operat ration ions. s. It con confor forms ms to AST ASTM M Spe Specif cifica icatio tions ns D 396 and D 975 and Federal Specification Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity, is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification MIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used in steam-pow steam -powered ered vesse vessels ls in gover government nment service and insho inshore re power plants. No. 6 fuel oil includes includes Bunker C fuel oil and and is used use d for the pro produc ductio tion n of ele electr ctric ic pow power, er, spa space ce hea heatin ting, g, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.


Residu iduee fro from m cru crude de oil after distilli distilling ng off all but the Residuum. Res heaviest components, with a boiling range greater than 1000 degrees Fahrenheit.

TAME (Tertiary amyl methyl ether) (CH 3 )2(C 2 H 5 )COCH 3. 3. An ox oxyg ygen enat atee bl blen end d st stoc ock k fo form rmed ed by th thee ca cata taly lyti ticc etherification of isoamylene with methanol.

Road Oil. Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil used as a dust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally produced in six grades from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.

installation used by gath gathering ering and trun trunk k Tank Farm Farm.. An installation pi pipel peline ine com compan panies ies,, cru crude de oil pro produc ducers ers,, and ter termin minal al operators (except refineries) to store crude oil.

Shell Storage Capacity. The design capacity of a petroleum storage tank tan k whi which ch is alw always ays gre greate aterr tha than n or equ equal al to wor workin king g sto storag ragee cap capaci acity. ty. Special Naphthas. All finished products within the naphtha boiling range ran ge tha thatt are use used d as pai paint nt thi thinne nners, rs, cle cleane aners, rs, or sol solven vents. ts. The These se produ pr oducts cts are ref refine ined d to a spe specif cified ied fla flash sh poi point. nt. Spe Specia ciall nap naphth hthas as inc includ ludee all commercial hexane and cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specification D1836 and D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, or that are to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded. Steam (Purchased). Steam, purchased for use by a refinery, that was not generated from within the refinery complex. Still Gas (Refinery Gas). Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butyl bu tylene ene,, pro propan pane, e, pro propyl pylene ene,, etc etc.. Sti Still ll gas is use used d as a ref refine inery ry fue fuell and a petrochemical feedstock. The conversion factor is 6 million BTU’s per fuel oil equivalent barrel. Stock Change. The difference between stocks at the beginning of the reporting period and stocks at the end of the reporting reporting period. Note: A negati neg ative ve num number ber ind indica icates tes a dec decrea rease se (i. (i.e., e., a dra drawdo wdown) wn) in sto stocks cks and a positive number indicates an increase (i.e., a buildup) in stocks during the reporting period. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Petroleum stocks maintained by the Fed Federa erall Gov Govern ernmen mentt for use dur during ing per period iodss of maj major or sup supply ply interruption.

yellow lowish ish non nonmet metall allic ic ele elemen ment, t, som someti etimes mes kno known wn as Sulfur. A yel “brimston “bri mstone.” e.” It is prese present nt at vario various us levels of concentratio concentration n in many fossill fuel fossi fuelss whose combustion combustion releases sulfur compounds that are considered harmful to the the environment. Some of the most commonly used fossil fuels are categorized according to their sulfur content, with lower low er sulfur sulfur fuel fuelss usually usually selli selling ng at a higher higher price price.. Note: Not e: No. 2 Distillate fuel is currently reported as having either a 0.05 percent or lower sulfur level for on-highway vehicle use or a greater than 0.05 perce percent nt sul sulfur fur lev level el for off off-- hig highwa hway y use use,, hom homee hea heatin ting g oil oil,, and commerci comm ercial al and indus industrial trial uses. uses. Resi Residual dual fuel, regardless regardless of use, is classified as having either no more than 1 percent sulfur or greater than 1 pe perc rcen entt su sulf lfur ur.. Co Coal al is al also so cl clas assi sifi fied ed as be bein ing g lo loww-su sulf lfur ur at concentrations of 1 percent or less or high-sulfur at concentrations greater than 1 percent. Supply. The components of petroleum supply are field production, refinery production, imports, and net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis.

Vessel selss tha thatt tra transp nsport ort cru crude de oil or Tanker Tan ker and Bar Barge. ge. Ves petro petroleu leum m pro produc ducts. ts. Dat Dataa are rep report orted ed for mov moveme ements nts between PAD Districts; from a PAD District to the Panama Canal; or from the Panama Canal to a PAD District. alcoho oholl TBA (Te TBA (Terti rtiary ary but butyl yl alc alcoho ohol) l) (CH 3 )3COH. An alc primarily used as a chemical feedstock, a solvent or feedstock forr is fo isob obut utyl ylen enee pr prod oduc ucti tion on fo forr MT MTBE BE;; pr prod oduc uced ed as a co-pro coproduc ductt of pro propyl pylene ene oxi oxide de pro produc ductio tion n or by dir direct ect hydration of isobutylene. isobutylene. Thermal Cracking. A refining process in which heat and press pressure ure are use used d to bre break ak dow down, n, rea rearra rrange nge,, or com combin binee hydrocarbon molecules. Thermal cracking includes gas oil, visbreaking, fluid coking, delayed coking, and other thermal cracki cra cking ng pro proces cesses ses (e. (e.g., g., fle flexic xicoki oking) ng).. See ind indivi ividua duall categories for definition. definition . Toluene (C 6 6 H 5CH 3 ). Colorless liquid of the aromatic group of petroleum hydrocarbons, made by the catalytic reforming of petro petroleum leum naphthas containing containing methy methyll cycl cyclohexa ohexane. ne. A high-octane gasoline-blending agent, solvent, and chemical intermediate, base for TNT.

Distilla illate te fuel oil Ultra-Low Ultra-Lo w Sulfu Sulfurr Dist Distilla illate te Fuel Oil. Dist having havin g sulfur content content of 15 ppm or lower. Ultr Ultra-lo a-low w sulfur distillate fuel oil that will be shipped by pipeline must satisfy the sulfur specification of the shipping pipeline if the pipeline specification is below 15 ppm. ppm. Distillate fuel oil intended intended for pip pipel elin inee sh ship ipme ment nt th that at fa fail ilss to me meet et a pi pipe peli line ne su sulf lfur ur specif spe cifica icatio tion n tha thatt is bel below ow 15 ppm wi will ll be cla classi ssifie fied d as low-sulfur distillate fuel oil. Represents sents the arith arithmeti meticc Unaccount Unacco unted ed for Cru Crude de Oi Oil. l. Repre difference between the calculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated supply is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oil stocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude cru de oil inp input ut to ref refine inerie ries, s, cru crude de oil exports, exports, cru crude de oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses. Unfinished Oils. All oils requiring further processing, except those requi requiring ring only mecha mechanica nicall blend blending. ing. Unfi Unfinishe nished d oils are produced by partial refining of crude oil and include naphthas and lig lighte hterr oil oils, s, ker kerose osene ne and lig light ht gas oil oils, s, hea heavy vy gas oil oils, s, and residuum. Unfractionated Streams. Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquid components excluding, those in plant condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas. United States. The United States is defined as the 50 States and the District of Columbia.


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Distilla illation tion under reduc reduced ed press pressure ure (less the Vacuum Distillation. Dist atmospheric) which lowers the boiling temperature of the liquid being distilled. This technique with its relatively low temperatures prevents cracking or decomposition of the charge stock.

marketable wax, whether crude or refined, with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 80 (or 85) and 240 degrees Fahrenheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent.

Visbreaking. A thermal cracking process in which heavy atmospheric or vac vacuum uum-st -still ill bot bottom tomss are cra cracke cked d at mod modera erate te tem temper peratu atures res to increase incr ease production production of disti distillate llate products products and reduc reducee visco viscosity sity of the distillation residues.

Thee di diff ffer eren ence ce in vo volu lume me Working Workin g Sto Storag ragee Cap Capaci acity. ty. Th between between the maxi maximum mum safe fill capacity capacity and the quant quantity ity below which pump suction is ineffective (bottoms).

solid id or sem semi-s i-soli olid d mat materi erial al at 77 deg degree reess Fah Fahren renhei heitt con consis sistin ting g Wax. A sol of a mixtu mixture re of hydro hydrocarbo carbons ns obtai obtained ned or deri derived ved from petro petroleum leum fractions, or through a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in which the straig str aightht-cha chaine ined d par paraff affin in ser series ies pre predom domina inates tes.. Thi Thiss inc includ ludes es all

153

Xylene (C 6 6 H 4(CH 3 )2 ). Colorless liquid of the aromatic group of hyd hydroc rocarb arbons ons mad madee the cat cataly alytic tic ref reform orming ing of cer certai tain n naphthenic petroleum fractions. Used as high-octane motor and aviat aviation ion gasol gasoline ine blen blending ding agent agents, s, solve solvents, nts, chemi chemical cal inte in term rmed edia iate tes. s. Is Isom omer erss ar aree me meta taxy xyle lene ne,, or orth thox oxyl ylen ene, e, paraxylene.


Definitions of Petroleum Products and Other Terms

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