Listed here are a bunch of unix commands. ----------------------------------------------------> change file date stamp touch t 199906042020 filename --> move partitions ufsdump 0f - /dev/rdsk/c0t0s0s0 | (cd /home; ufsrestore xv -) --> lay down file system with 1% minfree and inode density newfs m1 i81920 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 --> check file system fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 Q: starting sybase login as sybase, run: ./install/RUN_SYBASE Q: logging in as sybase sa isql -U sa
--> dump a partition and pipe to gzip. Watch > 2GB limit ufsdump 0f - /home | gzip - >/tmp/home.dump.gz --> rewind offline a tape mt f /dev/rmt/0 rewoffl --> only allow 300MB for user /tmp access swap - /tmp tmpfs yes SIZE=300M --> verbose interactive restore ufsrestore ivf /dev/rmt/1 --> remove a printer from a class lpadmin p level5-line1 r level5-line --> truss a command truss -f -o /tmp/log.txt --> [DB] feed a script into sybase isql Urfe_xfer -Uuser -Ppassword -isqlscript >>blah.txt --> make a printer class lpadmin p level5-line1 c level5-line --> remove level2-line2 printer from printer class level2-line lpadmin -p level2-line2 -r level2-line --> add level2-line3 to printer class lpadmin -c level2-line -p level2-line3 --> [DB] how to change your password in isql sp_password password, password-new --> move a directory tar cf - ./games | (cd /tmp; tar xvBpf - ) --> [DB] run a sybase script, and dump to file $ISQL -i$SCRIPTFILE -U$USER -D$DATABASE -P$PASS_ENC >> $SCRIPTLOGFILE --> move a directory to another server
tar cf - ./games | rsh brucey cd /tmp\; tar xvBpf --> check for SUID SGID files ncheck -F ufs -s /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s -- remove core files find / -name core exec rm f {} \; -o fstype nfs prune --> rebuild man pages catman w M man-page-directory or /usr/lib/makewhatis --> vi command to show special characters : set list --> adding an account useradd -u 120 g dls -d /apps/dls s /bin/ksh -c "comment" -m dls --> create a mysql database mysqladmin -uroot -ppassword create ebs --> starting mysql database /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server start /usr/local/bin/safe_mysqld --> Invoke CPAN module install perl MCPAN eshell --> dump to zip ufsdump 0f - /filesystem | /opt/local/gzip - > /tmp/dump.gz --> shutdown mysql databse /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin shutdown -ppassword /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server stop --> test the loading of a module PERL_DL_DEBUG=255 perl -e 'use CGI;' --> shows open files fuser cu / --> Writing a Daemon: 1. edit /etc/services add service and port. 2. edit /etc/inetd.conf add in: edwardd stream tcp nowait root /bin/sh /bin/sh /home/sextone/bin/SERVER. mine 3. kill HUP inetd.conf --> how to mount a file system mount /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s4 /apps/data/easysoft/DEVT --> look at sar log sar f /var/adm/sa/sa24 --> write file checksums and size cksum filename --> show storage array info ssaadm display /dev/rdsk/c1t5d2s0 --> show all disks on device d
luxadm display d --> examine for a specific OS finerprint nmap sS -p 80 -O -v = examine OS --> show print jobs /usr/ucb/lpq Plevel6 --> Scan for known ports. log it. do OS scan. nmap sS -F -o foo.log -v -O www.foo.com//24 = --> show status of printer /usr/ucb/lpc status --> make a swap file: dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 count=65535 mkswap ./swapfile chmod 600 ./swapfile swapon ./swapfile --> show open files for process lsof p PID --> show open files for all TCP connections lsof iTCP --> show open files for internet address lsof [email protected] --> as above lsof -i @10.20.2.122 --> examine tcp ports lsof -iTCP@sarah:1-50000 --> show open files for user. lsof u username --> show processes that has the file in use. lsof /apps/cms/ECMS-Server --> show open files and retry every 5 seconds lsof p process-id r 5 --> mount a floppy mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy --> check here for debugging processes and errno.h for errors /usr/include /usr/include/sys /usr/include/sys/errno.h --> scp a whole directory, preserve mods sudo scp -prv devel [email protected]:/home/httpd/cgi-bin --> take processor 2 and 3 offline. psradm -f 2 3 --> show processor stats verbose. psrinfo v
--> how to skip grant tables in mysql (over ride security) /usr/local/libexec/mysqld -Sg --> how to feed in an SQL program mysql rm all files in directories find . -type f -exec rm {} \; --> dump packets to a capture file sudo snoop o /tmp/tcp.txt cp --> backup one liner tar cvf - /home/ebs | gzip - > ebs.tar.gz --> Look at selected packets in capture file sudo snoop -i /tmp/tcp.txt --> unzip and pipe to tar gzip -dc watch packets from two servers. snoop sarah brucey --> enable ip masquerading /sbin/ipchains -P forward DENY /sbin/ipchains -A forward -s 10.100.100.100/8 -j MASQ -> view su log file cat /var/adm/sulog --> establish a default router or gateway. echo "sagacity.com" > /etc/defaultrouter echo "10.100.100.100 sagacity.com sagacity" >> /etc/hosts change /etc/nsswitch.conf so that hosts has files, dns edit resolv.conf put in search . nameserver 203.7.132.98 --> turn off automounter on /export/home. vi /etc/auto_master, comment out /export/home --> configuration file for sudoers /opt/local/etc/sudoers --> building ssh-1.2.27 on x86Solaris2.6 needed a few things: /usr/openwin/bin in path /usr/xpg4/bin in path declare AR="/usr/xpg4/bin/ar" declare NM_PATH="/usr/xpg4/bin/nm" --> snoop network packets and get size and time stamp entries. snoop -S -ta empa1 --> access perl CPAN perl -MCPAN -e shell install DBI --> search for no password entries and lock all accounts. for i in `passwd sa | grep NP | awk {print $1`
do echo locking $i passwd l $i done --> delete from a tar tar --delete -f fs_backup_Sunday.tar home/ebs/tmp --> Example on backing up files to tape. Must specify non rewinding, else you wi ll over-write the files. for file in `ls` do echo "sending $file to tape..." echo `date` tar cvpf /dev/rmt/0n $file done --> making/adding a partition. 1. use fdisk to make a parition. 2. mkfs -t ext2 -c /dev/hda11 3. mount -t ext2 /dev/hda11 /opt2 4. update /etc/fstab --> rebuild the windex file catman w M /usr/share/man --> execute tar on remote host sarah and send tarball to standard output, which becomes standard input for tar xvf and the file gets dumped locally, in this case on crawl. you have to cd to dir before tar or else you will include path in tar ssh maggie "cd $DIRNAME; tar cvf - $BASENAME" | (cd $TPATH; tar xvf - ) --> dump a remote filesystem and send it to local tape drive. ssh -x $fw /usr/sbin/ufsdump 0cf - $fs | dd obs=63k of=$TAPE --> encrypt filename 1 and output to 1.crypt file crypt < 1 > 1.crypt ; rm 1 --> decrypt filename 1.crypt and stdout to screen crypt < 1.crypt --> send a file to tape tar cvpf /dev/rmt/0 filename --> quicker way to search and replace in vi : %s/existing/new/g --> shows where and which shared library files an application uses. ldd binary --> shell script stuff: # repeat a command 100 times x=100 while [ $x -gt 0 ] do command x=$(($x-1)) done --> Something very important to remember about partitions It is important to note that Cylinder 0 contains the disklabel, which contains the partition table. A normal filesystem can be placed starting at Cylinder 0, since it will not touch the disklabel. If you lay down a raw device, for a database, over Cylinder 0,
then you will completely lose all your partitions. You will then have to restore the disklabel, and backup from tape if you happen to do this. --> move a partition find . |cpio -pdm /apps --> cron structure min hour day-of-month month weekday command --> PatchDiag Tool. Get patches from: http://sunsolve.sun.com/private-cgi/patchpage.pl patchdiag.xref is available at: http://sunsolve.sun.com/sunsolve/patchdiag/ /opt/local/bin/patchdiag -x /opt/local/lib/patchdiag.xref > patchdiag.`uname -n` --> command showing system parameters /usr/sbin/sysdef --> Get Ambient Temperature of Server /usr/platform/SUNW,Ultra-4/sbin/prtdiag -v --> good ps formatting showing percent cpu first. ps -edf -o pcpu,pid,user,arg --> full details on ps /usr/bin/ps A -o user,pid,pcpu,pmem,vsz,rss,tty,s,stime,time,args --> chown the hidden files as well. find . -print -exec chown -R sextone:staff {} \; --> The nsradmin command is a command-line based administrative program for the NetWorker system. Normally nsradmin monitors and modifies NetWorker resources over the network. /usr/sbin/nsr/nsradmin --> Spray a server -c number of packets -d delay in microseconds -l pakcet size in bytes /usr/sbin/spray -c 1 d 20 -l 4096 maggie --> Turn on bold. bold=`tput smso` offbold=`tput rmso` echo "${bold}You must be the \"root\" user to run this script.${offbold}" --> good way to send a dir to tape tar cf /dev/rmt/0n directory --> example of bringing up an interface ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.2.25.52 up --> show all connections netstat f inet --> rpcinfo makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports what it finds. rpcinfo -b 390109 2 | sort -u --> rewind a tape fast < /dev/rmt/0 --> show loaded modules /usr/sbin/modinfo
--> find world readable files and dirs find / -type d perm -2 print find . -type f perm -2 -print --> adding in a boot alias, eg: boot sarahroot1 s nvalias sarahroot1 /sbus@1f,0/sunw,fas@e,8800000/sd@9,0:a --> clever way to archive tar cvf - `find . print` >/tmp/dumpfile.tar tar xvf - tee to a file echo "Start Date/Time: `date`" | tee -a $LOG_FILE --> read a snoop file snoop -i anz-telnet.snoop --> write a snoop log (this will count the number of connections, which is prett y neat). snoop osnoop.log sarah --> set default run level. 5 for gui. /etc/inittab --> show all exported filesystems showmount -e crawl --> shows all configurable variables for tcp interface. sudo ndd -get /dev/tcp - ? eg: sudo ndd -get /dev/tcp tcp_conn_req_max_q 128 ndd /dev/arp \? ndd /dev/ip \? ndd /dev/tcp \? ndd /dev/udp \? ndd /dev/icmp \? --> set sticky bit on group files, only the owner can change the mode. --> the +l is mandatory file and record locking while a program --> is accessing that file. chmod g+s,+l file --> print duplex landscape 4 qudrant printing mpage t l 4 --> install a patch installpatch . --> check to see if a patch has been installed showrev p |grep package name --> unzip, untar in a /tmp directory zcat 104708-16.tar.gz | ( cd /tmp; sudo tar xvf - ) --> check out revision level on ssa controller /usr/sbin/ssaadm display controller --> unzip and untar a file without having to create an intermediate tar file sudo gzip -dc /tmp/270599/post-EOD.tar.gz |tar xvf --> selectively extract from a tar archive tar xvf /tmp/iona.tar ./iona/.sh_history --> send a bunch of files to tape
tar cf /tmp/rules.tar ruleb* objects.C *.W --> examine section 5 of man man -s 5 signal --> shows signals and definitions of structures, eg sigaction /usr/include/sys/signal.h --> location of the limits file on solaris /usr/include/limits.h --> send an attachment via email from command prompt uuencode file.tar.gz file.tar.gz | mailx s backup root@crawl --> zero a file cat /dev/null > isam.log --> good way to restore from cdrom a binary file zcat < /cdrom/cdrom0/Solaris_2.6/Product/SUNWcsu/install/reloc.cpio.Z | cpio idm usr/lib/fs/ufs/ufsrestore --> running su as a user then ssh su - dls-PROD -c "/opt/local/bin/ssh drp-stagger \"cd /tmp; /bin/ls\" " --> verify a newfs format sudo newfs Nv /dev/md/dsk/d96 --> making lost_found. must be 8192 bytes in size. mkdir ./lost+found;chown root ./lost+found; chgrp root ./lost+found ;chmod 700 . /lost+found; cd ./lost+found nofiles=0 ; while [ "$nofiles" -le 650 ] ; do ; /usr/ucb/touch $nofiles ; nofile s=`expr $nofiles + 1` ; done --> execute lynx lynx -cfg /usr/lib/lynx.cfg --> sed search example sed '/Sep\ 25/!d; /castill/!d' /var/log/syslo -->should only be used at the EEPROM boot r --> should be used at single user mode reboot -- -r --> should be used in multiuser mode touch /reconfigure --> performing a remote dump find MFASYS |cpio -oc |gzip -c |ssh brucey -l chaup dd obs=18k of=/dev/rmt/0n - to extract cd /ssa/emphasys/sybase/dump dd ibs=18k if=|gunzip -c |cpio idc --> boot block located here. /usr/platform/`uname i`/lib/fs/ufs --> getting a server on the network add hosts entry for IP address clear configs: ifconfig pe0 unplumb ifconfig pe0 10.20.2.27 netmask 255.0.0.0 up route add default 10.20.0.1 1 verify the routing table: netstat rn add resolv.conf entry: domain rabobank.com.au nameserver 192.192.192.252 edit /etc/nsswitch.conf change hosts to files, dns lesson here is to unplumb interface, and let ifconfig setup the routing. if you specify an ip address and a netmask it will manage the routing and the broadcasting.
--> find all, files associated with PID 22240 /usr/proc/bin/pfiles 22240 find file based on inode find i number ncheck i number --> good redirection example ./a.out trash --> synchronize files from one server to another. This is useful for synchronizing database dump files, binary files, etc. This is definitely a power ful tool. rsync -avz -e ssh --rsync-path="/usr/local/bin/rsync" `pwd` myhost.com:/home/ebs /public_html --> Example Awk Script # run with awk -f/tmp/1.awk /etc/group BEGIN { FS = ":" } { print $1 | "sort" } { nlines++ } END { print nlines } --> awk example. awk '/#/ {print "Got a comment"}' /etc/hosts --> delete every 2nd field in file awk '{$2= ""; print}' datafile > datafile.new --> awk average/standard deviation program x1 += $1 x2 += $1*$1 END { x1 = x1/NR x2 = x2/NR sigma = sqrt(x2 - x1*x1) if (NR > 1) std_err = sigma/sqrt(NR - 1) print "Number of points = " NR print "Mean = " x1 print "Standard Deviation = " sigma print "Standard Error = " std_err
