Curso de Montagem e Manutenção de Computadores - Aula 2

Vuaãrgj F[PVJ DK AJITCLKA K ACI[TKIÌÆJ DK FJAR[TCDJPKV - C[NC 0 J prjfksscdjr C gapjrtàifgc djs `gts ijs prjfksscdjrks [igdcdk dk Fjitrjnk ([F) k [igdcdk Nölgfc k Crgtaçtgfc ([NC) C vknjfgdcdk dk prjfksscakitj C ec`rgfcìæj dj prjfksscdjr J iýfnkj k sku ijak födglj Kifcpsuncakitj k fjikxæj djs prjfksscdjrks @rkvk rksuaj dc kvjnuìæj djs prjfksscdjrks Ukmc sk Cprkidku Pkspjstcs dj Ukmc sk Cprkidku ‖ Cunc 3

Gistgtutj [igvkrscn @rcsgnkgrj Cdagigstrcìæj Nugz Ekricidj Dgigz Icsj Mjsç Fcrnjs Dgigz Icsj Gliís Dgigz Icsj

Dgrktjrc Lkrcn Grkik Pjdrgluks dk Jngvkgrc Tkgxkgrc Pg`kgrj Rrjduìæj Acrfjs Rrcdj dk Fcrvcnhj

Fjjrdkicìæj Dgdãtgfc Fjjrdkicìæj \cndjagrj Pkffhg

Gnustrcìûks Cnkxcidrk Ajrsgnnc

Lkrkitk Lkrcn Ajdkstj Rcitcnçc

Ejtölrcej Pj`krtj Fcrnjs Cnvks

Cssgstkitk Murádgfc Pcecknc Icsj

Cutjr Vçrlgj Ekricidj L. dj Fjutj

Dgrkìæj dk Crtk Fcrnjs Kducrdj R. Icsj

Kdgtjrcìæj Gistgtutj [igvkrscn @rcsgnkgrj

Pkvgsæj Pjskng Cicstãfgj Vgnvc Acrfgc Ajrkgrc dk Fcrvcnhj Fncudgc dk C. Acrcihæj Rrksfjtt Icsj

Gaprkssæj G[@PC - Gidýstrgc Lrãegfc k Kdgtjrc Ntdc Pjdjvgc Kstcducn @jgtuvc - Gpkrö, oa 3,3 Fcapjs dk @jgtuvc - @jgtuvc - VR FKR 38;;2 - 222

Tjdjs js dgrkgtj dgrkgtjs s sæj rkskrv rkskrvcdjs. cdjs. Iæj ç pkragt pkragtgdc gdc c rkprjdu rkprjduìæj ìæj tjtcn ju pcrfgcn dkstk fursj.

Fkitrcn Fkitr cn dk Rrjfksscak Rrjfksscakitj itj (FR[ - F kitrcn k itrcn R rjfkssgil rjfkssgil [ igt igt ) dk födglj 4224, dk 4 `gts . Ec`rgfcdj Ec `rgfcdj pknc Gitkn Fjrpjrctgji ka 37<3, j 4224 ejg prjmktcdj jrglgicnakitk pcrc skr kaprklcdj ka fcnfuncdjrcs. Cpkscr dk kxgstgrka vãrgjs ec`rgfcitks ec`rgfcitks dk prjfksscdjrks, pjdkajs dgzkr quk js djgs prgifgpcgs sæj Gitkn k CAD. Ctç fhklcraj fhklcrajss cjs dgcs ctucgs ctucgs,, augtjs ejrca js prjfksscdjrks dkskivjnvgdjs k fjakrfgcngzcdjs. Dkitrk knks pjdkajs dkstcfcr fjaj skidj c kvjnuìæj c pcrtgr dj 4224 (pcrc c Gitkn)=

C[NC 0 J Rrjfksscdjr

Ka pcncvrcs `ka sgapnks, pjdkajs cegracr quk j prjfksscdjr ç j fçrk`rj dj fjaputcdj tc djrr. Ujf jfí í fk fkrt rtca caki kitk tk ki kifj fjit itrc rcrã rã ks kssc sc dkegigìæj ka augtcs ngtkrcturcs sj`rk j cssuitj. Dgz-sk gssj pjrquk knk ç kifcrrklcdj dk prjfksscr c acgjr pcrtk dcs giejracìûks, rkcngzcidj, pjr kxkapnj, cs jpkrcìûks nölgfcs k crgtaçtgfcs, cnça dk fjitrjncr j enuxj djs prjlrcacs, j cfkssj â akaörgc, eczkr sjngfgtcìûks c pkrgeçrgfjs ktf. Fjaj knk ç j fjapjikitk acgs fjapnkxj uscdj uscdj ka ua fjaputcdjr, ç fncrj quk knk ç tca`ça j fjapjikitk quk kaprklc cs tkfijnjlgcs tkfijn jlgcs dk ec`rgf ec`rgfcìæj cìæj acgs rkfkit rkfkitks, ks, ajtgvj pknj qucn knk ç erkqukitkakitk j acgs fcrj. Cpkscr dgssj tudj, knk iæj pjdk eczkr icdc sjzgihj. Cssga Css ga fja fjaj j j fç fçrk` rk`rj rj ik ikfks fkssg sgtc tc dj sciluk `ja`kcdj pknj fjrcìæj, dj jxglíigj c`sjrvgdj pknjs punaûks ktf., j prjfksscdjr ikfkssgtc dk fjapjikitks pkrgeçrgfjs quk j cuxgngka ka sucs tcrkecs. Gssj gifnug akaörgc, fhgpskt , dgsfj rálgdj, cdcptcdjr dk vádkj vá dkj,, pnc pncfc fc dk rk rkdk dk,, aj ajig igtjr tjr,, tk tkfn fncd cdj, j, ajusk ktf. [ac vkz quk tjdc c fjieglurcìæj dj fjaputcdjr ç dkegigdc c pcrtgr dc sknkìæj dj prjfksscdjr, prjfurcrkajs dksfrkvkr sucs prgifgpcgs fcrcftkrástgfcs, quk audcrca augtj dksdk sku surlgakitj.

• 4 `gts ‖ 4224, 4242? • 8 `gts ‖ 8228, 8282, 828;? • 35 `gts ‖ 8285, 8288, 82385, 82385, 82388, 82085? • 60 `gts ‖ 82 8268 685, 5, 82 8248 485, 5, Rk Rkit itgu gua, a, Rkitgua Rrj, Rkitgua GG, Rkitgua GGG, Rkitgua 4, Rkitgua A, Fjrk ktf. • 54 `gts ‖ Gtcigua, GC-54 (Gtcigua 0), Fjrk 0 Duj ktf. Rkrfk`c quk gssj pkragtk quk uac FR[ (j prj prjfks fksscd scdjr) jr) pjs pjssc sc skr fnc fncssg ssgegf egfcdc cdc dk cfjrdj fja j tcacihj dc „`csk dk dcdjs‑ („fjaprgakitj dc pcncvrc‑ ju gistruìæj) quk knk pjdkrã cfksscr/acigpuncr ka uac ýigfc jpkrcìæj (sk 8, 35, 60 ju 54 `gts). Durcitk c acgjr pcrtk dc „fjrrgdc‑ pknj djaáigj dc tkfijnjlgc kaprklcdc kaprklcdc ijs prjfksscdjrks, c Gitkn kstkvk â erkitk. Kitrktcitj, ij nciìcakitj dk uac crqugtkturc vãngdc pcrc prjfksscdjrks prjfksscdjrks dk 54 `gts, ejg c CAD quk quka a scg scgu u ic erk erkitk itk.. Knc ejg c prg prgakg akgrc rc kaprksc c ciuifgcr, ka 0226, ua prjfksscdjr dk 54 `gts fjapctávkn fja j sgstkac jpkrcfgjicn \gidjws.

Pksuaj dc kvjnuìæj dj prjfksscdjr

Eczkidj uac pkqukic rktrjspkftgvc sj`rk c kvjnuìæj djs prjfksscdjrks, pjdkajs dgzkr quk tudj fjakìju fja c [igdcdk Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

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Gistgtutj [igvkrscn @rcsgnkgrj

C gapjrtàifgc djs `gts ijs prjfksscdjrks

Fjaj tgvkajs c jpjrtuigdcdk dk fjiekrgr, j iýakrj dk `gts tka lrcidk gienuíifgc ij dkskapkihj djs prjfksscdjrks, ajtgvj pknj qucn ç uac gapj gapjrtci rtcitk tk fcr fcrcft cftkrá krástg stgfc fc dks dkssk sk dgsp dgspjsg jsgtgvj tgvj.. Dk ejrac rksuagdc, qucitj acgjr c qucitgdcdk tgd cdk dk `gts git gitkri krijs js quk ua prj prjfk fkss sscdj cdjrr fj fjiisklugr trc`cnhcr, acgs rcpgdcakitk knk pjdkrã eczkr fãnfunjs k prjfksscr dcdjs. Gssj pjrquk js `gts djs prj prjfks fksscd scdjrk jrkss rkp rkprks rkskit kitca ca c quc quciitgdcdk dk dcdjs quk js fgrfugtjs dkssks dgspjsgtgtgvj sg vjss fj fjis iskl kluka uka tr trc` c`cnh cnhcr cr dk fc fcdc dc vk vkz. z.Cs Cssg sga, a, ua prjfksscdjr fja 35 `gts ç fcpcz dk acigpuncr ua iýakrj dk vcnjr dk ctç 5;.;6; (035). Fcsj kstk aksaj prjfksscdjr tkihc quk rkcngzcr uac jpkrcìæj fja ua iýakrj dk, pjr kxkapnj, 322.222, tkrã quk dgvgdgr c jpkrcìæj ka ducs pcrtks. Mã ij fcsj dk sk trctcr dk ua prjfksscdjr dk 60 `gts, knk pjdkrã acigpuncr iýakrjs dk vcnjr ctç 4.074.75<.075 ka uac ýigf ýi gfc c jp jpkr krcì cìæj æj.. Fj Fjaj aj ks kssk sk vc vcnj njrr ç au augtgtj j su supk pk-rgjr c 322.222, c jpkrcìæj skrã rkcngzcdc ka uac ýigfc vkz, ju skmc, acgs rcpgdcakitk quk iua prjfksscdjr dk 35 `gts. Ctucnakitk js prjfksscdjrks dk 54 `gts, fjaj js dcs ngihcs Fjrk 0 Duj k Fjrk g6, g; k g<, dc Gitkn, ju js Cthnji 54 k Rhkija 54 dc CAD, sæj j pcdræj (pknj akijs ctç kstk aja jakitj). Gssj iæj sgligegfc quk js prjfksscdjrks dk 60 `gts iæj skmca acgs kifjitrcdjs, pjgs knks ejrca j pcdræj durcitk cijs.

Eglurc 3 ‖ Pkprkskitcìæj djs punsjs dk fnjfo . Fcdc fgfnj pjssug ua iávkn cntj k ua `cgxj. Sucitj acgs fgfnjs hjuvkr pjr skluidj, acgjr skrã c erkquíifg erkquíifgc. c.

Fjaj vgajs, c erkquíifgc fja c qucn j prjfksscdjr trc`cnhc ç fhcacdc dk fnjfo gi gitkrij. Kitrktcitj, js prjfksscdjrks tca`ça fjitca fja jutrc erkquíifgc, fjihkfgdc erkquíifgc, fjihkfgdc fjaj Erjit Vgd Vgdk k @us) ju, fnjfo kxtkrij (EV@ - Erjit cgidc, `crrcakitj erjitcn. Ka vgrtudk dk fkrtcs ngagtcìûks eásgfcs gikrkitks â ajitclka djs dgspjsgtgvjs ka uac pncfc-aæk, prgifgpcnakitk ka rkncìæj cj ectj dk jpkrcrka c knkvcdjs vcnjrks dk erkquíifgc, j quk fcusc knkvcdc ng`krcìæj dk fcnjr, iæj sk pjdk (ju iæj sk fjiskluk) tkr j prjfksscdjr trc`cnhcidj â aksac vknjfgdcdk quk js jutrjs dgspjsgtgvjs dj hcrdwcrk. Rcrc tkitcr kxpngfcr gssj, vcajs rkfjrrkr c ua kx kxka kap pnj `k `ka a sg sgap apnk nks. s. Ga Gacl clgi gik k qu quk k j pr prjf jfks ks-scdjr, gitkricakitk, ç ua pkqukij `cgrrj quk pjssug „pgstcs‑ pcrc cutjaövkgs kxtrkacakitk pnci pn cics cs k rk rktc tcs. s. Dk Dkvg vgdj dj c gs gstj tj,, ç pj pjss ssáv ávkn kn tk tkrr fc fcrr rrjs js kxtrka kxt rkacak cakitk itkvkn vknjzk jzkss trc trcekl eklcid cidj j pjr pjrknc kncs. s.Clj Cljrc, rc, gaclgi gac lgikaj kajss quk c pnc pncfc fc-a -aæk æk k tjd tjdjs js fj fjapj apjiki iki-tks nglcdjs c knc fjrrkspjid fjrrkspjidca ca c ijssj Rcás. Cs pgst pg stcs cs sk skræ ræj j au augtgtj j ac acgs gs nj njil ilcs cs,, ka cn cnlu luis is tr trkf kfhj hjss kstrkgtcs, fja furvcs k fhkgcs dk cntjs k `cgxjs (cnç (c nça, a, ç fn fncr crj, j, dk ua uac c ki kijr jrak ak qu quci citgtgdc dcdk dk dk ù ù-rcfjs). Gs Gssj sj tu tudj dj ga gapk pkdk dk qu quk k ua uac c cn cntc tc vk vknj njfg fgdc dcdk dk skmc dkskivjnvgdc pknjs cutjaövkgs. Vk, aksaj sc`kidj djs pkrgljs, tkitcrajs eczkr js „vkáfunjs‑ nj s‑ fg fgrf rfun uncr crka ka pk pknc nc pn pncf cfcc-aæ aæk k fj fja a c ak aksa sac c vk vk-njfgdcdk njfg dcdk dksk dkskivjn ivjnvgdc vgdcij ij prjf prjfkss ksscdjr cdjr,, fkrt fkrtcaki cakitk tk hcvkrã hcv krã „cf „cfgdki gdkitks tks‑‑ ij trcm trcmktj. ktj.

Fnjfo gitkrij gitkrij k fnjfo kxtkrij kxtkrij

Mã tgvkajs c jpjrtuigdcdk dk kstudcr j quk ç j punsj dk fnjfo ka ka ua fjaputcdjr, pjrtcitj, sc`kajs quk knk ctuc fjaj sgicn dk sgifrji fr jigz gzcì cìæj æj pc pcrc rc c rk rkcn cngz gzcì cìæj æj dk tj tjdc dcss cs ctgvgdcdks. Tca`ça ç sc`gdj quk j fnjfo ç ç akdgdj ka Hkrtz, ju skmc, c qucitgdcdk dk fgfnjs quk jfjrrka ka ua skluidj. Sucitj acgjr j vcnjr vc njr dks dkssc sc erk erkquí quíifg ifgc, c, acg acgjr jr skr skrã ã c quc qucitg itgdcd dcdk k dk fgfnjs pjr skluidj (eglurc 3). Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

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Rkrfk`c quk sk pjdkrgc eczkr j prjfksRcrc quk j cnuij tkihc uac gdkgc dk quk scdjr trc`cnhcr ic aksac vknjfgdcdk djs dk- j vcnjr fgtcdj ij kxkapnj iæj kstã ejrc dc rkcacgs knkakitjs, ju skmc, acgs nkitcakitk. ngdcdk, akifgjicajs quk j prjfksscdjr Fjrk Kitrktcitj, gssj skrgc j aksaj quk tkr uac g<-8<2 (GITKN) jpkrc fja fnjfo `csk `csk dk 366 Ekrrcrg k sö cidcr c ;2 Oa/h pjrquk js jutrjs AHz k fnjfo gitkrij gitkrij dk 0,76 LHz, ju skmc, j fcrrjs iæj pcssca dkssc vknjfgdcdk. auntgpngfcdjr ç dk cprjxgacdcakitk 00. Fjaj j fnjfo gitkrij gitkrij rkekrk-sk â jpkrcìæj Rknc fjapcrcìæj quk ejg ekgtc, pkrfk`kajs quk j prjfksscdjr, pjr skr gitkric- gi gitk tkri ric c dj pr prjf jfks kssc scdjr djr,, pj pjdka dkajs js dgz dgzkr kr quk jp jpkkakitk acgs rãpgdj, iæj pjdk jpkrcr fja j rcìûks fjaj fãnfunjs actkaãtgfjs, fjapcftcaksaj vcnjr dk fnjfo djs djs dkacgs dgspjsgtg- ìæ ìæj j k dks dksfj fjapc apcft ftcìæ cìæj j dk cr crqug qugvj vjs, s, kx kxkf kfuì uìæj æj dk vjs. J quk sk ecz, kitæj, ç tkr ua vcnjr dk pr prjl jlrc rcacs acs kt ktf. f.,, ks kstæ tæj j su suà àkt ktgdc gdcss c knk (fnjfo gierkquí erk quíifg ifgc c „`c „`csk‑ sk‑,, aki akijr jr,, clgi lgidj dj fja fjaj j tkrij). Cj fjitrãrgj, jpkrcìûks dk kitrcdc k kxtkrij. C pcrtgr dc erkquí erkquíifgc ifgc „`csk‑ scádc (G/J), fjaj nkgturc k lrcvcìæj ij dgsfj ráfnjfo kxtkrij. sk j`tça, pknj ectjr dk auntgpngfcì auntgpngfcìæj, æj, j vcnjr lgdj, kivgj dk dcdjs â gaprkssjrc k cj vádkj, dc erkquíifgc dk jpkrcìæj dj prjfksscdjr trjfc dk giejracìûks kitrk pncfcs k pkrgeçrgfjs (j fnjfo gitkrij). gitkrij). ka lkrcn, kstæj rkncfgjicdcs cj fnjfo kxtkrij. kxtkrij. Rcrc kitkidkr aknhjr, vcajs supjr quk j fjaputcdjr lkrk uac erkquíifgc egxc, [igdcdk dk Fjitrjnk ([F) k dk 322 AHz (fka aklchkrtz), pjr kxkapnj. [igdcdk Nölgfc k Crgtaçtgfc ([NC) Kssk Ks sk sk skrã rã j vc vcnjr njr qu quk k sk skrã rã ka kapr prkl klcdj cdj fjaj fnjfo kxtkrij prjfksscdjr scdjr Ijracnakitk uac FR[ pjdk skr su`dgvg kxtkrij. Cljrc, j prjfks uscrã uac „tcxc‑ dk auntgpngfcìæj pcrc cu- dg dgdc dc ka du ducs cs pc pcrt rtks ks `ã `ãsg sgfc fcs= s= c [i [igd gdcd cdk k dk Fj Fjiiakitcr kssk vcnjr, lkrcidj j fnjfo gitkrij trjnk jnk ([ ([F) F) k c [i [igd gdcd cdk k Nö Nölg lgfc fc k Cr Crgtgtaç açtgf tgfc c ([ ([NC NC). ). gitkrij tr (eglurc 0). Vupjidj quk j ec`rgfcitk ec`rgfcitk gidgquk C prgakgrc, [F, ç c rkspjisãvkn pjr lkquk j prjfks prjfksscdjr scdjr jpkrc fja fnjfo gitkrij gitkrij rkifgcr js rkfursjs dj sgstkac, fjjrdkicidj dk 3,5 LHz, sc`krkajs quk j fnjfo kxtkrij kxtkrij sucs ctgvgdcdks dk cfjrdj fja j quk ejr kxgskrã auntgpngfcdj pjr 35 (322 AHz x 35 1 lgdj pknjs prjlrcacs „rjdcdjs‑ pknc aãqugic. 3522 AHz ju 3,5 LHz). Ç c [igdcdk dk Fjitrjnk quk vcg ùsfcr ic akaörgc fcdc uac dcs gistruìûks c skrka kxkfutcdcs k trcisekrg-ncs pcrc c [igdcdk Nölgfc k Crgtaçtgfc ju pcrc js fgrfugtjs kxtkrijs. Ij ajakitj ka quk c [igdcdk [igdcdk dk Fjitrjnk tkragicr dk gitkrprktcr c gistruìæj, knc ùsfcrã c pröxgac p röxgac k cssga sufkssgvcakitk. Ij fgrfugtj knktrôigfj dc [igdcdk dk Fjitrjnk kifjitrc-sk lrcvcdj j fjimuitj dk gistruìûks (uac kspçfgk dk ngstc) dj quk dkvk eczkr. Dkssc acikgrc, qucidj ua prjlrcac ç kxkfutcdj, j fjimuitj dk gistruìûks ç cfksscdj pcrc dktkragicr qucgs fjacidjs k ka quk jrdka knks dkvka skr kxkfutcdjs. Fcdc gistruìæj gistru ìæj ç gdkitgeg gdkitgegfcdc fcdc pjr ua födglj `giãrgj dk jpkrcìæj, fjihkfgdj fjaj JRFJDK. Cs jpkrcìûks quk pjdka skr fjisgdkrc gitkrij Eglurc 0 ‖ Kxkapnj dk fjaj sk pjdk j`tkr j fnjfo gitkrij dcs ksskifgcgs sæj= k kxtkrij. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

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[ac vkz quk js prjfksscdjrks sæj ec`rgfcdjs ec`rgf cdjs pjr kaprks kaprkscs cs dgekrk dgekrkitks, itks, ç nölgfj fjisgdkrcr quk js fjimuitjs dk gistruìûks truìû ks tca`ça sæj dgekrkitks. dgekrkitks. Dk ajdj skaknhcitk, uac aksac kaprksc pjdk ec`rgfcr dgvkrsjs ajdknjs dk prjfksscdjrks, fcdc qucn fjitkidj j sku fjimuitj dk gistruìûks. Akdgcitk j quk ejg dksfrgtj, pjdk-sk fjifnugr quk js prjfksscdjrks fjstuaca skr dgvgdgdjs ka „ecaángcs‑, fcdc uac pjssugidj ua fjimuitj dk gistruìûks skaknhcitks nhc itks,, acs iæj gdí gdíitgf itgfcs. cs. Suc Sucidj idj ua ijvj prjfksscdjr ç dkskivjnvgdj, knk pjdk rkfk`kr uac pcrtk ju tjdj tjd j j fjimuitj dk gistruìûks dk sku citkfkssjr, fja c cdgìæj dk ij ijvc vcss gi gist stru ruìû ìûks ks,, ks kspk pkfá fáeg egfc fcss pc pcrc rc cquknk ajdknj. Gssj pkragtk, pjr kxkapnj, quk prjlrcacs k gtkis dk hcrdwcrk pcrc prjfksscdjrks acgs citgljs euifgjika fja ajdknjs acgs ijvjs dc aksac ecaángc.

- actkaãtgfcs (crgtaçtgfcs, nölgfcs, dk fjapnkakitj, dk dksnjfcakitj...)? - ajvgakitcìæj dk dcdjs? - kitrcdc/scádc (nkgturc k ksfrgtc ka dgspjsgtgvjs kxtkrijs)? - fjitrjnk (dksvgj dc skquíifgc dk kxkfuìæj, pcrcr ktf.). Pksuagdcakitk, cs ctgvgdcdks dc [igdcdk dk Fjitrjn Fjitrjnk k fjisgstka ka= 3½ - Cfksscr c gistruìæj ic akaörgc prgaãrgc? 0½ - Dkegigr cs jpkrcìûks c skrka rkcngzcdcs? 6½ - Cfksscr dcdjs ic akaörgc ju ij dgspjsgtgvj dgspjsg tgvj dk craczki craczkicakitj, cakitj, qucidj ikfkssãrgj, pcrc p crc skrka prjfksscdjs? 4½ - Cf Cfks kssc scrr js fja japj pjik ikit itks ks dk cfjrdj fja c gistruìæj? ;½ - Gdkitgegfcr j egicn dc jpkrcì jpkrcìæj? æj? 5½ - Craczkicr j rksuntcdj ij njfcn gidgfcdj (akaörgc ju dgspjsgtgvj dk craczkicakitj)? <½ - Dktkragicr j kidkrkìj dc pröxgac gistruìæj.

Mã c [igdcdk Nölgfc Nölgfc k Crgtaçtgf Crgtaçtgfc, c, fjaj sk pjdk supjr, kxkfutc cs prgifgpcgs jpkrcìûks nölgfcs k crgtaçtgfcs dj fjaputcdjr. Knc sjac, su`trcg, dgvgdk, dktkragic sk ua iýakrj ç pjsgtgvj, pjsgtgvj, iklctgvj iklctgvj ju zkrj. Cnça dk kxkfutcr euiìûks crgtaçtgfcs, knc tca`ça ç fcpcz dk dktkragicr sk uac qucitgdcdk ç akijr ju acgjr quk jutrc k qucidj kncs sæj glucgs, `ka fjaj tjacr dkfgsûks nölgfcs, rksjnvkidj sgitcxks nölgfcs ka uac prjlrcacìæj (CID, JP, IJT, XJP). C [NC pjdk kxkfutcr euiìûks nölgfcs fja nktrcs k fja iýakrjs. Ç fjivkigkitk akifgjicr quk j tkraj [NC ijracnakitk ç kaprklcdj qucidj cs jpkrcìûks crgtaçtgfcs sæj rksjnvgdcs pknj prjfkssj „fjapnkakitj pcrc 0‑ (rkprkskitcìæj dk iýakrjs gitkgrjs gitkgrjs fja sgicn ‖ pjsgtgvj ju iklctgvj). Sucidj j prjfkssj ç j dk „pjitj enutucitk‑, `ka acgs fjapnkxj quk j citkrgjr, dgz-sk quk c uigdcdk ç ER[ (Enjct - uigdcdk dk pjitj enutucitk ju dk Rjgit [igt várlunc enutucitk).

C acg acgjrg jrgc c djs prj prjfks fksscd scdjrk jrkss kxg kxgstk stkiitks kxkfutc js prjlrcacs rkpktgidj uac sçrgk dk trís fgfnjs= ùsfc, akaörgc k kxkfuìæj, fjaj skluk= - Fgfnj dk @usfc ‖ Kstk fgfnj fjisgstk ic gdkitgegfcìæj, rkfupkrcìæj k ciãngsk dc pröxgac gistruìæj dj prjlrcac. Cs ctgvgdcdks skrgca dk cfksscr c gistruìæj ic akaörgc prgaãrgc, dkegigr cs jpkrcìûks c skrka rkcngzcdcs k dktkragicr j kidkrkìj dc pröxgac gistruìæj? - Fgfnj dk Akaörgc ‖ Fjrrkspjidk â njfcngzcìæj, nkgturc ju ksfrgtc ic akaörgc? - Fgfnj dk Kxkfuìæj ‖ Fjisgstk `csgfcakitk ij cfkssj djs fjapjikitks (dk cfjrdj fja c gistruìæj) k c gdkitgegfcìæj dj ega dc jpkrcìæ jpkrcìæj. j. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

5


Fjaj ç nölgfj supjr, supjr, qucitj acgjr ejr j iýakrj dk gistruìûks quk j prjfksscdjr ejr fcpcz dk trc`cnhcr, aknhjr skrã sku dkskapkihj. Ijtk-sk quk j iýakrj dk gistruìûk ûkss ki kiffji jitr trcc-ssk rk rknc ncfg fgji jicd cdj j fja c erkquíifgc. Dkstk ajdj, tca`ça pjdk-sk kifjitrcr j dkskapkihj dj prjfksscdjr akdgcitk c dgvgsæj dj iýakrj dk gistruìûks pknc erkquíifgc (AGRV / fnjfo ). ). J ýntgaj gtka dk ijssc tc`knc (Fjrk g< 772x), pjr kxkapnj, cprkskitcrgc ua áidgfk dk dkskapkihj dk, cprjxgacdcakitk, 45 agnhûks dk gistruìûks pjr fgfnj dk fnjfo (3;7 (3;7 / 6,45 1 4;,7;).

C vknjfgdcdk dk prjfksscakitj

C vk vknjf njfgdc gdcdk dk dj pr prjfk jfkss sscdj cdjrr, ka tk tkraj rajss dk tcrk tc rkec ecss rk rkcn cngz gzcd cdcs cs ka eu euiì iìæj æj dj tk tkap apj, j, ç ak akdg dgdc dc ka AG AGRV RV (a (agngnhû hûks ks dk gi gist stru ruìû ìûks ks pj pjrr sk sklu luid idj) j) ju AENJRV (agnhûks dk gistruìûks dk pjitj enutucitk pjr skluidj). Ukmc pjr kxkapnj c tc`knc fja cnluis prjfksscdjrks dc Gitkn= Rrjfksscdjr

AGRV

Cij

Gitkn 4224

70 oG oGRV RV ka <42 oHz

37<3

Gitkn 8282

;22 oGR oGRV V ka 0 AHz

37<4

0,55 0,5 5 AG AGRV RV ka 30,; AHz

3780

33, 3 3,4 4 AG AGRV RV ka 66 AHz

378;

Gitkn 485DX

;4 AG AGRV RV ka 55 AHz

3770

Gitkn Rkitgua

388 AGRV ka 322 AHz

3774

Gitkn Rkitgua Rrj

;43 AGRV ka 022 AHz

3775

Gitkn Rkitgua GGG

0.2;4 0.2; 4 AGRV AGRV 3777 ka 522 AHz

Gitkn 085

Gitkn 685DX

C ec`rgfcìæj dj prjfksscdjr

C ec`rgfcìæj dk qucnqukr tgpj tg pj dk prjdutj gigfgc-sk fja c actçrgc prgac, k fja js prjfksscdjrks iæj skrgc dgekrkitk. [a djs actkrgcg rg cgss ac acgs gs ka kapr prkl klcd cdjs js ic ec ec`r `rgf gfcì cìæj æj dk trcisgstjrks k fgrfugtjs gitklrcdjs ( fhgps) ç j sgnáfgj, actkrgcn kxtrkacakitk cùidcitk ka ijssj pnciktc, skidj pjssávkn kxtrcá-nj dc crkgc, lrcigtj, crlgnc, fcsfc dk crrjz ktf. J sgnáfgj ç fncssgegfcdj fjaj actkrgcn skagfjidutjr skagfj idutjr,, ju skmc, akdgcitk fkrtcs fgrfuistàifgcs, fjiduz knktrgfgdcdk. Sucidj j sgnáfgj ç „agsturcdj‑ c jutrjs knkakitjs dk ejrac ejr ac fji fjivki vkigki gkitk tk (pr (prjfk jfkssj ssj fji fjihkf hkfgdj gdj fjaj „djpclka‑), knk `njqukgc ju pkragtk c pcssclka pcssc lka dk fjrr fjrrkitk kitk knçtrg knçtrgfc, fc, pjssg` pjssg`gnggngtcidj quk sk fjitrjnk suc fgrfuncìæj k gitkisgdcdk. tkisgdc dk. Kssc ç c fjidgìæj `ãsgfc dk ua trcisgstjr, ua fjapjikitk knktrôigfj quk fjitrjnc c gitkisgdcdk dc fjrrkitk knçtrgfc quk ctrcvkssc djgs dk skus tkragicgs (kagssjr k fjnktjr). J fjitrjnk sk dã pjr akgj dc pjncrgzcìæj pjncrgz cìæj dk ua tkrfkg tkrfkgrj rj tkragicn, fjihkfgdj fjaj `csk. Dkssc acikgrc, j euifgji c a ki kitt j d k u a t r c i sgs gstt j r p j d k s k r fncssgegfcdj fjaj „fhcvk knktrôigfc‑ (gapkdk ju iæj c pcssclka dk fjrrkitk) ju fjaj fja j cap capngeg ngegfcd fcdjr jr (fj (fjitr itrjnc jnc uac lrc lrcidk idk fjrrkitk dk scádc akdgcitk uac `cgxc fjrrkitk dk fjitrjnk.

Rkitgua 4 Kxtrkak 7.<0 7.<05 5 AG AGRV RV 0226 Kdgtgji ka 6,0 LHz Gitknn Fj Gitk Fjrk rk 0 Kx Kxtr trka kak k 0<.2<7 AGRV 0225 X5822 (Ducn Fjrk) ka 0,76 LHz Gitkn Fjrk 0 Kxtrkak 47.353 AGRV 0225 SX5<22 SX5 <22 (Su (Sucd cd Fjr Fjrk) k) ka 0,55 LHz Gitkn Fjrk 0 Kxtrkak ;7.4;; AGRV 0228 SX7<<2 ka 6,0 LHz Gitknn Fj Gitk Fjrk rk g< Kx Kxtr trkak kak 80.622 AGRV 0228 Kdgtgji g782KK ka 0,55 LHz Gitknn Fj Gitk Fjrk rk g< Kx Kxtr trkak kak 34< 34<.522 .522 AGR AGRV V 0232 Kdgtgji g782KK ka 6,6 LHz Gitknn Fj Gitk Fjrk rk g< Kx Kxtr trkak kak 3;7 3;7.222 .222 AGR AGRV V 0233 Kdgtgji 772x ka 6,45 LHz Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

<


J tcacihj dk ua trcisgstjr, ska tkragicgs ju kivjntörgj (kifcpsuncakitj), ç agnhcrks dk vkzks akijr quk c fc`kìc dk ua cnegiktk. Akdgcitk kssc cegracìæj, egfc fncrj quk c suc ec`rgfcìæj dkvk skr rkcngzcdc ka nc`jrctörgj kspkfgcngzcdj, mã quk ua sgapnks lræj dk pö pjdkrgc fjaprjaktkr fjaprjaktkr tjdj j prjfkssj. Kitæj, j quk iæj dgzkr djs prjfksscdjrks quk pjssuka gitkricakitk agnhûks dk trcisgstjrks: C e c ` r g f c ì æ j d j s p r j f k s s c d j r k s s k dã ka ajdkrijs fkitrjs tkfijnölgfjs, tæj sjegstgfcdjs k fcrjs quk kxgstka pjufjs ij auidj. Ijs nc`jrctörgjs dkssks fkitrjs, j sgnáfgj ç prjfksscdj ctç quk sk ctgimc c fjidgìæj dk purkzc ikfkssãr fks sãrgc. gc. Kss Kssk k prj prjfks fkssj, sj, fji fjihkf hkfgdj gdj fjaj „purgegfcìæj‑, ç fjapnkxj k fcrj, k r k s u n t c k a u a f g n g i d r j ( " giljt " ) d k purj sgnáfgj ( eglurc 6 ).

Eglurc 4 ‖ J giljt ç ectgcdj ka fcacdcs augtj egics, dcidj jrglka cj wcekr .

Dkpjgs dk skrka pjngdcs ctç quk iæj cprkskitka qucnqukr grrkluncrgdcdk ka suc supkreáfgk, kstcs pcstgnhcs pcssca pjr ua prjfkssj quk frgc uac fcacdc dk dgöxgdj dk sgnáfgj ka tjdc supkreáfgk, c qucn skrvgrã dk `csk pcrc c fjistr fjistruìæj uìæj djs agnhûks dk trcisgstjrks quk ejracræj js prjfksscdjrks. Ç `ja ergscr cj cnuij quk ka uac ýigfc pcstgnhc (wcekr ) skræj fjistruádjs fkitkics dk prjfksscdjrks „gdíitgfjs‑. C pcrtg p crtgrr dcqu dcqug,g, j wcekr rkfk`k rkfk`k uac egic fcacdc dk actkrgcn quk rkclk qugagfcakitk fja c cpngfcìæj dk nuz untrcvgjnktc. Js pjitjs jidk c nuz ç cpngfcdc, `ka fjaj suc gitki kissgdc dcd dk, dk dkpk pki idk dkrræj dj quk skr krã ã „fjistruádj‑ (ju gaprkssj) ij wcekr . Rcrc sk fjisklugr gssj, c kxpjsgìæj ç ekgtc uscidj aãsfcrcs. Gaclgik ua prjmktjr dk sngdks, ka ka quk c nuz gifgdk ka ua dkskihj ju ejtjlrcac k, dkpjgs dk pcsscr pjr uac nkitk capngc cap ngcdjr djrc, c, ç prj prjmkt mktcdc cdc sj sj`rk `rk uac tkn tknc c pncic. J prjfkssj ç skaknhcitk, ka vkz dk tknc tkajs c fcacdc skisávkn sj`rk j wcekr ? c nkitk capngcdjrc ç su`stgtuádc pjr uac nkitk rkdutjrc k, cj fjitrãrgj cj fjitrãrgj dk nuz fjaua, tkajs c untrcvgjnktc (eglurc ;). Ijtk quk, fjaj c nkitk rkduz c gaclka dc aãsfcrc, j quk egfc gapr gaprkssj kssj ic pcst pcstgnhc gnhc fjstuac fjstuac skr acgs ju akijs quctrj vkzks akijr dj quk j pcdræj dc aãsfcrc.

c pcrtgr dc actçrgc-prgac. Eglurc 6 ‖ J`tkiìæj dj giljt c

Kstk fgngidrj ç kitæj „ectgcdj‑ ka egiássgacs „rjdkncs‑ (akijs dk 3 aa dk kspkssurc), fjihkfgdcs fjaj wcekr (pcstgnhc). (pcstgnhc). C eglurc 4 gnustrc gssj. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

8


C pcrtgr dcqug, kssk trcisgstjr, quk kstã pkrtj dk skr skr fjifnuádj, cprkskitc trís c`krturcs quk skræj prkkifhgdcs fja fj`rk, fjapjidj pji dj cs fji fjikxû kxûks ks quk pjs pjssg` sg`gngt gngtcræ cræj j suc nglcìæj fja jutrjs trcisgstjrks ju jutrjs fjapjikitks. Ikstc ijvc ecsk, cs pcstgnhcs sæj fjnjfcdcs iuac sjnuìæj dk sunectj dk fj`rk? k, akdgcitk ua prjfkssj dk lcnvcigzcìæj ( eglurc <), js ájis dk fj`rk sæj dkpjsgtcdjs sj`rk tjdj j trcisgstjr, ejracidj uac egiássgac pknáfunc dk fj`rk (eglurc 8). C pcrtk iæj dkskmcdc dkssc fcacdc ç kitæj rkajvgdc, rkstcidj cpkics j fjrrkspjidkitk cjs tkragicgs dj trcisgstjr (eglurc 7). Rrjfkssj ssj ejtjlrãegfj ejtjlrãegfj gaprg gaprgak ak gaclka dj fgrEglurc ; ‖ Rrjfk fugtj ij wcekr .

Dkssk ajdj, c pcrtk dkstc fcacdc quk ç kxpjstc â nuz [U tjric-sk sjnývkn, skidj pjstkrgjrakitk rkajvgdc, kiqucitj c sja`rc prjmktcdc pknc aãsfcrc lcrcitgrã c gitklrgdcdk dkstcs ãrkcs. Rjrtcitj, c rkpktgìæj dj prjfkssj uscidj aãsfcrcs dgekrkitks ka fcdc ktcpc vcg frgcr pcdrûks dk fgrfu fgrfugtjs gtjs dgekrkitks ka fcdc fcacdc dj agfrjprjfksscdjr. Ic eglurc 5, rkprkskitcajs ua ýigfj trcisgstjr quk ejg ejracdj pjr kstk prjfkssj.

Eglurc < ‖ Dkpjsgìæj dk fj`rk sj`rk j trcisgstjr.

trcisgstjr. Eglurc 8 ‖ Rknáfunc dk fj`rk ejracdc sj`rk j trcisgstjr.

Eglurc 5 ‖ Pkprkskitcìæj dk ua ýigfj trcisgstjr prjitj ij wcekr .

Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

Eglurc 7 ‖ C pcrtk iæj dkskmcdc dj fj`rk ç rkajvgdc. Ikstc gaclka, j trcisgstjr lcihju skus tkragicgs dk nglcìæj.

7


Rjstkrgjrakitk, ijvcs k sufkssgvcs fcacdcs dk fj`rk sæj cpngfcdcs, ejracidj cs „trgnhcs‑ „trgn hcs‑ (ju „egjs „egjs‑) ‑) quk gitkrn gitkrnglca glca cdkquc cdkqucdcdcakitk js dgvkrsjs trcisgstjrks dk fcdc prjfksscdjr (eglurc 32).

C rk rkspj spjst stc c dj tk tkst stk k ç aj ajig igtj tjrc rcdc dc k fjapcrcdc fja vcnjrks dk rkekríifgc. J wcekr ç ç kitæj fjrtcdj ka pkqukijs pkdcìjs ( eglurc 30 ), quk pcssca c skrr fh sk fhcac cacdj djss dk dgks (actrgzks (actrgzks). ). Js fhgps quk iæj pcsscrka ij tkstk skræj dksfcrtcdjs, k js quk ejrka cprjvcdjs skræj kifcpsuncdjs.

Eglurc 32 ‖ Vufkssgvcs cpngfcìûks k rkajìûks dk fj`rk pkragtka frgcr cs trgnhcs quk nglca js dgvkrsjs trcisgstjrks.

Fjaj sk tkvk c jpjrtuigdcdk dk fjistctcr, cpkscr dk js fhgps dk fjaputcdjr pcrkfkrka sgapnks c ua prgakgrj jnhcr, knks ka rkcngdcdk sæj augtj fjapnkxjs k pjdka tkr acgs dk 62 fcacdcs pcrc ejracr ua fgrfugtj fjapnktj. Fjifnuádc c ajitclka djs prjfksscdjrks ij wcekr , ç ikfkssãr gj gj tkstã-njs. Gssj ç ekgtj pjr ua kqugpcakitj cprjprgcdj, quk cpngfc ua pcdræj dk tkstks c fcdc fhgp dj (eglurc 33). wcekr (

Ikstc ýntgac ecsk, j su`strctj (quk fjrrkspjidk rkspji dk â gitkre gitkrecfk cfk knçtrgfc k akfàigfc pcrc pcrc quk j prjfksscdjr pjssc gitkrclgr fja j rkstj dj sgstkac), c actrgz k j dgssgpcdjr dk fcnjr sæj fjnjfcdjs muitjs, ejracidj j prjfksscdj prjfksscdjr r egicngzcdj, fjaj j fjihkfkajs (eglurc 36).

Eglurc 33 ‖ Kqugpcakitj tkstc fcdc ua djs prjfksscdjrks frgcdjs ij wcekr .

Eglurc 36 ‖ Js dgks rkfk`ka j kifcpsuncakitj k j prjfksscdjr kstã prjitj.

Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

ç fjrtcdj, dcidj jrglka cjs dgks, quk Eglurc 30 ‖ J wcekr ç sæj js prjfksscdjrks.

32


Ijtk quk pcrc prjfksscdjrks fjaj j Fjrk g;, pjr kxkapnj, hã ua wcekr dgekrkitk, dgekrkitk, fja act actrgz rgzks ks acg acgjrk jrks, s, fjr fjrrks rkspji pjidki dkitks tks c fhgps lrãegfjs.

Rcrc quka iæj sc`k, ua iciôaktrj (rkprkskitcdj pjr ia ) kqugvcnk c ua `gngjiçsgaj dk aktrj ju ua agngjiçsgaj dk agnáaktrj, gstj ç, ua agnáaktrj dgvgdgdj pjr ua agnhæ ag nhæj j (3 (32 2-7 akt aktrj rj). ). J su suà àýnt ýntgpn gpnj j ac acgs gs uscdj, ij kitcitj, ç j agfrj (ju aáfrji), quk kqugvcnk c ua agnçsgaj dk agnáaktrj, ju skmc, ua agnáaktrj dgvgdgdj pjr agn (32-5 aktrj). Pksuagidj=

Dgekrkiìc dk fnjfo

Sucidj js prjfksscdjrks sæj pjstjs â vkidc ij akrfcdj, knks sæj fncssgegfcdjs ka ecaángcs (pjr kxkapnj, Fjrk) k ka ngihcs (fjaj Fjrk 0 Duj, g6, g;, g< ktf.). Rjr suc vkz, fcdc uac dksscs ngihcs ç fjistgtuádc pjr prjfksscdjrks dk dgekrkitks vknjfgdcdks dk prjfksscakitj. Ucajs tjacr fjaj kxkapnj c ngihc Fjrk 0 Duj, quk pjssug pjssug js ajdknjs K8422, K8;22 k K8522. J quk dgekrkifgc dgekrkifgc ua ajdknj dj jutrj ç mustcakitk c erkquíifgc dk (6 LHz dj prgakgrj, 6,35 LHz dj skfnjfo (6 luidj k 6,66 LHz dj tkrfkgrj). Cj fj fjit itrã rãrgrgj j dj qu quk k sk pk pkis isc, c, tj tjdj djss kssks prjfksscdjrks tía fjaj jrglka j aksaj prjmktj. J quk cfc`c tjricidj ua ajdknj acgs rãpgdj quk j jutrj ç quk c ec`rgfcìæj dj acgs vknjz ejg acgs pkrekgtc quk c djs ajdknjs gakdgctcakitk giekrgjrks. Rkquki Rkq ukijs js dkt dktcnh cnhks ks dur durcit citk k tjd tjdj j j prj prj-fkssj dk ec`rgfcìæj, fjaj, pjr kxkapnj, kx kapnj, pkquki pkq ukijs js dks dksvgj vgjss ics fca fcacdc cdcs, s, ecz eczka ka fja quk, dkitrj dk ua aksaj wcekr , cs "pcstgnhcs" skmca nglkgrcakitk dgekrkitks uac dcs jutrcs. Rjr kssk ajtgvj, durcitk j tkstk djs wcekrs tca`ça sk vkrgegfc c erkquíifgc fja quk fcdc fhgp pjdk jpkrcr. Js fhgps sæj kitæj skpcrcdjs, lkrcidj cs dgekrkitks ngihcs dk ua aksaj prjfksscdjr prjfksscdjr..

Aktrj ‖ uigdcdk euidcakitcn ‖ 323 Agnáaktrj Agnáakt rj ‖ 32-6 Agfrôaktrj Agfrôa ktrj ‖ 32-5 Iciôaktrj ‖ 32-7 C cp cpngngfc fcìæ ìæj j dc dcss tç tçfi figf gfcs cs dk ag agig igct ctuurgzcìæj acgs rkfkitks pjssg`gngtca c ec`rgfcìæj dk fjapjikitks fcdc vkz akijrks, pkragtgidj quk, iua aksaj kspcìj eásgfj, jidk citks pjdgca skr fjistruádjs ua agnhæj dk trcisgstjrks (fjaj ij fcsj dj 485)) pjs 485 pjssca sca kxg kxgstg stgrr 073 agn agnhûk hûkss dkn dknks ks (fjaj ç j fcsj djs prgakgrjs Fjrk 0 Duj, quk kaprklcvca c tkfijnjlgc dk fjistruìæj dk 5; iciôaktrjs). Sucidj sk pcrc pcrc pkiscr ergcakitk, fhklc c skr, pjr quk iæj dgzkr, cssustcdjr. [a ýigfj prjfksscdjr Fjrk 0 Duj kqugvcnkrgc c qucsk 622 prjfksscdjrks 485. C prgak pr gakgrc grc lkr lkrcìæ cìæj j djs prj prjfks fksscd scdjrk jrkss Fjrk g< kaprk kaprklcvca lcvca tkfijnjlgc tkfijnjlgc (ju crqug crqug-tkturc) dk 4; ia. C skluidc lkrcìæj, nciìcdc ij giáfgj dk 0233, kaprklc crqugtkturc dk 6; ia. Rcrc fjifnugr, pjdkajs rknctcr quk c pkrspkftgvc dj prjfkssj dk agigcturgzcìæj pjdk fhklcr ctç c fcsc djs 0; iciôaktrjss (ju vcnjr iæj augtj akijr quk iôaktrj g ssj). Dkpjgs dgssj, c gidýstrgc fhklcrã c ua ngagtk eásgfj ka quk js trcis trcisgstjrk gstjrkss prjvcvknakitk skræj ejracdjs pjr pjufjs ãtjajs k iæj pjdkræj acgs skr dgagiuádjs. Ç fncrj quk augtcs pksqugscs sæj ekgtcs pcrcnkncakitk ùsfcidj sjnuìûk sjnuìûkss pcrc gssj.

Agigcturgzcìæj

Lrcìcs â icijtkfijnjlgc, ua rcaj dc fgíifgc quk kilnj`c cs pksqugscs quk ngdca fja gtkis agfrjsföpgfjs, c gidýstrgc fjisklugu knkvcr knk vcr c fcp fcpcfg cfgdcd dcdk k djs prj prjfks fksscd scdjrk jrkss cj njil nj ilj j dj tk tkap apj j sk ska a qu quk, k, pc pcrc rc tc tcit itj, j, tgtgvk vkss ssk k qu quk k cuakitcr j tcacihj eásgfj dkssks dgspjsgtgvjs. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

33


akitj, fjaj skrvgdjrks k wjrostctgjis (kstcìûks dk trc`cnhj). Mã pcrc aãqugics dk usj djaçstgfj k dk ksfrgtörgj, j usj dk pncfcs fja acgs dk ua prjfksscdjr iæj ç augtj vgãvkn, dkvgdj cj knkvcdj fustj. Augtj `ka, sk pkiscrajs acgs ua pjufj, e gfc, g fc, dk fkrtc ejrac, ö`vgj quk uac kvjnuì kvj nuìæj æj ict icturc urcnn pcr pcrc c js prj prjfks fksscd scdjrk jrkss fjisgstgrgc ka cpngfcr djgs ju acgs dknks ka ua aksaj kifcpsuncakitj. Kssc ç uac dcs acikgrcs djs ec`rgfcitks ngdcrka fja cs ngagtcì ngagtcìûks ûks kxgstkitks, kxgstkitks, fjaj, pjr kxkapnj, ngagtk dc erkquíifgc dk jpkrcìæj, fjisuaj dk kikrlgc, tkapkrcturc dk jpkrcìæj, agigcturgzcìæj ktf. C ajit ajitclka clka dk djgs d jgs prjfks prjfksscdjrk scdjrkss (ju iýfnkjs) iua aksaj kivjntörgj pcssju c skr fhcacd fhc acdc c fja fjaj j ducn-fjrk ju auntg-fjrk, qucidj hã acgs iýfnkjs. C eglurc 34 rkprkskitc c nglcìæj gitkric kitrk js iýfnkjs dk ua prjfksscdjr ducn-fjrk ducn-fjrk .

J iýfnkj k sku ijak-födglj

Tjdj ijvj prjfksscdjr quk ç nciìcdj ij akrfcdj rkfk`k ua ijak „fjakrfgcn‑, j qucn pkragtk suc eãfgn gdkitgegfcìæj k akajrgzcìæj pjr pcrtk dj pý`ngfj. Fjaj kxkapnj, pjdkajs fgtcr j Rkitgua, Rkitgua 4, Fjrk 0 Duj, Fjrk g< ktf. Kitrktcitj, j quk ika tjdjs sc`ka ç quk j iýfnkj djs prjfksscdjrks rkfk`k uac jutrc dkijagicìæj, quk j cfjapcihc dksdk j giáfgj dj prjmkt prjmktj= j= j ijak-f ijak-födglj. ödglj. C utgn utgngzcìæ gzcìæj j dk ijak ijaks-födg s-födgljs ljs pcrc js iýfnkjs djs prjfksscdjrks pkragtk dgstgilugr pkragtk dgstgilugr cs fcrcftk fcrcftkrástgfc rástgfcss kspkfáeg kspkfáegfcs fcs dc crqugtkt crqugtkturc urc kaprklcdc iknks. Cssga, pjdk-sk dkegigr j tgpj dk iýfnkj quk skrã kaprklcdj ka dktkragicdj prjfksscdjr akdgcitk suc egicngdcdk dk usj. Rjr kxkapnj, pjdkajs tkr j aksaj tgpj dk prjfksscdjr fja iýfnkjs dgekrkitks ekrki tks pcrc skrka kaprk kaprklcdjs lcdjs ka skrv skrvggdjrks, dksotjp s ju ijtk`jjos. J Fjrk 0 Duj, pjr kxkapnj, pjdk skr kifjitrc kifjitrcdj dj fja iýfnkj iýf nkjss Akr Akrja ja ju Fji Fjirj rjk. k. Ki Kiquc qucitj itj j Akrja Akr ja ç dgrk dgrkfgj fgjicdj icdj pcr pcrc c kqug kqugpcak pcakitjs itjs pjrtãtkgs, pjr fjisuagr akijs kikrlgc, j Fjirjk ç dkstgicdj c dksotjps. Iýakrj dk iýfnkjs ij prjfksscdjr

Iæj ç dk hjmk c gdkgc dk quk „c uigæj ecz c ejrìc‑. K qucidj ecncajs ka sgstkacs fjaputcfgjicgs, j fjifkgtj pkracikfk vãngdj. Vk pcrcrajs pcrc pkiscr ua pjufj, pkrfk`krkajs quk js citgljs RFs mã fjstuacvca kaprklcr fjprjfksscdjrks quk cuxgngcvc xgng cvca a ic rkc rkcngzc ngzcìæj ìæj dk fkr fkrtcs tcs tcr tcrkecs kecs,, tjricidj acgs „rãpgdc‑ c rkspjstc dj prjfkssj dkskivjnvgdj. Kstc gdkgc tca`ça ejg cpngfcdc cjs pr jfksscdjrks, j fksscdjrks, dk ejrac quk cgidc ç pjssávkn kifjitrcr ij akrfcdj pncfcs-aæk quk fjitca fja djgs ju acgs snjts pcrc prjfksscdjrks. Tcgs pncfcs sæj ijracnakitk kaprklcdcs ka fjaputcdjrks djs qucgs sk kxglk lrcidk rkfursj dk prjfksscFursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

Eglurc 34 ‖ Pkprkskitcìæj dc nglcìæj gitkric dk ua prjfksscdjr fja djgs iýfnkjs, djgs fcfhks N3 k ua fcfhk N0.

Dkssc acikgrc, j prjfksscdjr pjdk ngdcr fja djgs prjfkssjs pjr vkz, dk ejrac gidkpkidkitk, ua ka fcdc iýfnkj, aknhjrcidj j dkskapkihj dj fjaputcdjr. 30


Rkrfk`c j cnuij quk, ka ua prjfksscdjr dk ýigfj iýfnkj, sk tka c gaprkssæj dk quk vãrgjs prjfkssjs sæj kxkfutcdjs sgauntcikcakitk, ikcakit k, mã quk c aãqugic kstã qucsk skaprk kxkfutcidj acgs dk uac cpngfcìæj (ju cpngfctgvj) cj aksaj tkapj. Kitrktcitj, ic vkrdcdk, j quk cfjitkfk ç quk j prjfksscdjr dkstgic dktkragicdj gitkrvcnj gitkrvcnj dk tkapj c fcdc prjfks prj fkssj. sj. Fja Fjaj j gss gssj j jfj jfjrrk rrk aug augtj tj rcp rcpgdc gdc-akitk, sk tka c gaprks gaprkssæj sæj dk quk js prjfkssjs jfj jfjrrk rrka a sga sgaunt untcik cikcak cakitk itk.. Ç pcr pcrkfg kfgdj dj fja c nàapcdc gifcidksfkitk nàapcdc gifcidksfkitk quk uscajs ka fcsc? knc pcrkfk kstcr cfksc fjistcitkakitk, acs ic rkcngdcdk knc ç nglcdc k dksnglcdc 52 vkzks pjr skluidj. Cj akijs ka tkjrgc, ç pjssávkn ec`rgfcr prjfksscdjrks fja dkzkics dk iýfnkjs. Rrjfksscdjrks fja 0 iýfnkjs mã sæj fjauis k js dk 6 k 4 iýfnkjs (trgpnk-fjrk k qucd-fjrk, rkspkftgvcakitk) mã pjdka skr kifjitrcdjs c rczjãvkgs prkìjs. Gssj pjrquk js ajdknjs dk quctrj iýfnkjs kstæj prkstks c skrka „ctrjpkncdjs‑ pknjs dk 8 iýfnkjs (Gitkn fja (Gitkn fja j Ikhcnka k CAD fja j Ajitrkcn), quk fjakìcrca c kitrcr ij akrfcdj. Jidk gssj vcg fhklcr: Vö GITKN k CAD sc`ka... Rcrc gnustrcr, j`skrvk ic eglurc 3; ua prjfksscdjr CAD Rhkiji qucd-fjrk k ic eglurc 35 ua prjfksscdjr Gitkn Fjrk 0 Kxtrkak Sucd-fjrk.

Eglurc 35 ‖ Pkprkskitcìæj gitkric dk ua prjfksscdjr Gitkn Sucd-Fjrk.

Ç gapjrtcitk dkstcfcr cgidc quk tkr prjfksscdjrks fja djgs ju acgs iýfnkjs iæj gapngfc, ikfksscrgcakitk, ka fjaputcdj put cdjrks rks quk sæj prj prjpjr pjrfgj fgjicn icnaki akitk tk acgs ac gs rã rãpg pgdj djs. s. [a [ac c sç sçrg rgk k dk ec ectj tjrk rks, s, fjaj, pjr kxkapnj, c vknjfgdcdk dc aka örgc k djs dgspjsgtgvjs dk kitrcdc k scádc cfc`ca gienukifgcidj ij dkskapkihj dj fjaputcdjr. Akaörgc fcfhk

C pc pcrt rtgrgr dj 68 685 5 (0 (02 2 AH AHz) z),, c ak akaö aörgrgc c PCA fjakìc c egfcr nkitc dkacgs ka rkncìæj ncì æj cj prj prjfks fksscd scdjr jr.. Knk iæj fji fjisksklugrã, lugr ã, pjr kxk kxkapnj apnj,, kiv kivgcr gcr djgs dcdjs sklugdjs dgrktcakitk â akaörgc quk, pjr skr acgs nkitc quk j prjfksscdjr, cgidc kstcr ks tcrã ã cr cracz aczki kicid cidj j j pr prgak gakgr grj j dcd dcdj j qucidj j skluidj ejr kivgcdj. Rjrtcitj, c akaörgc iæj kstcrã prjitc pcrc rkfk`kr j skluidj dcdj. Kssc kspkrc ç fhcacdc dk wcgt stctk (kstcdj dk kspkrc), ju skmc, j prjfksscdjr clucrdc pjr ua pkrájdj fjrrkspjidkitk c „i‑ punsjs dk fnjfo dk dk-pjgs dj kivgj (ju rkfk`gakitj) dk dcdjs â akaörgc.

Eglurc 3; ‖ Pkprkskitcìæj dj dgk dk ua prjfksscdjr CAD Rhkija Sucd Fjrk.


36


C sj sjnu nuìæ ìæj j ki kifj fjit itrc rcdc dc pc pcrc rc fj fjit itjr jric icr r j prj`nkac dj cfkssj â nkitc akaörgc PCA ejg kqugpcr js fjaputcdjrks fja ua tgpj tg pj dk ak akaö aörg rgc c au augtj gtj ac acgs gs rã rãpg pgdc dc,, c VPCA ( Vtctgf PCA). Fjaj mã tgvkajs c jpjrtuigdcdk dk kstudcr, kstcs sk dgekrkifgc rki fgca a dcs akaö akaörgc rgcss fji fjivki vkifgj fgjicg icgss DPCA ( Dyicagf PCA) pjr skrka augtj acgs rãpgdcs. Rjr jutrj ncdj, sæj augtj acgs fcrcs k iæj fjitca fja j aksaj iávkn dk agigcturgzcìæj. Kitæj, ka vkz dk prjajvkr c tjtcn su`stg su` stgtugì tugìæj æj djs aöd aödunjs unjs dk aka akaörg örgc c DPCA pknjs VPCA, VPC A, c gdkgc ejg cdcptcdc pcrc j quk fjihkfkajs fjaj akaörgc fcfhk. C g d k g c f k i t rc n fj i s g st k k a e c z k r fja quk j prjfksscdjr craczkik ic akaörgc fcfhk js dcdjs quk skræj kaprklcdjs fja acgjr erkquíifgc. Sucidj j prjfksscdjr prkfgsc nkr dcdjs ic akaörgc PCA, j fjitrjncdjr dk akaörgc trcisekrk `njfjs dk dcdjs dc akaörgc PCA pcrc c fcfhk . Dkssc acikgrc, qucidj dj pröxga prö xgaj j cfk cfkssj ssj dj prj prjfks fksscd scdjr jr,, kst kstk k fjisuntcrã fjisu ntcrã c akaörgc fcfhk , quk ç `ka acgs rãpgdc, k iæj c PCA, quk ç `ka acgs nkitc. Rkrfk`c quk j crrcimj quk sk ecz ç fjnjfcr uac jutrc akaörgc, dk akijr fcpcfgdcdk, acs `ka acgs rãpgdc, kitrk j prjfksscdjr k c PCA, c qucn skrvk dk „gitkrakdgãrgc‑ ij cfkssj djs dcdjs. Gigf Gi gfgc gcnak nakit itk k cs ak akaör aörgcs gcs fcfhk krca cpngfcdcs â pncfc-aæk ( eglurc 3< ) k krca jpfgjicgs (c pncfc pjssuác sjquktks pcrc c gistcncìæj djs fgrfugtjs gitklrcdjs dk akaörgc). Ij fcsj djs 685, cs vkrsûks dk 0;, 66 k 42 AHz rkfk`krca pncfc-a c-aæk. æk. Rjs Rjstkr tkrgjr gjraki akitk tk fcfhk ic pncf ejrca prjduzgdcs pncfcs quk uscvca ua aödunj dk akaörgc fcfhk fjihkfgdj pjr ) . Kstks aöduFJCVT ( Fcfhk ji c Vtgfo ). njs krca pcrkfgdjs fja js VGAA pcrc akaörgcs PCA. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

Eglurc 3< ‖ Kxkapnj dc njfcngzcìæj dc fcfhk kxtkric ka uac pncfc aæk pcrc 685DX42.

Cpkics pcrc quk j cnuij tkihc uac gdkgc, ic tc`knc c sklugr rkncfgjicajs cnluis vcnjrk vcn jrkss ijr ijracn acnaki akitk tk kap kaprkl rklcdj cdjss pcr pcrc c c fcfhk dk cnluis prjfksscdjrks citgljs.

Ajthkr`jcrd

Akaörgc Fcfhk Fcfhk Tápgfc Kxtkric Dgspjiávkn

685 DX

35, 60, 54, 308 ju 0;5 o@

308 o@

485 48 5

308, 0;5, ;30, 3204 o@

0;5 o@

Rkitgua

0;5, ;30, 3204 o@

;30 o@

Rki Rk itg tgu ua GG

;30, 32 3204 04,, 024 248 8 o@

320 204 4 o@

Vklugidj fja c kvjnuìæj, c akaörgc fcfhk pcssju c skr cpngfcdc gitkricakitk cj prjfksscdjr. J prgakgrj prjfksscdjr c rkfk`kr gitkricakitk c akaörgc fcfhk ejg j 485, gigfgcnakitk fja 3o@ 3o@ k dkpjgs fja 8 o@ dk akaörgc VPCA. Kssc akaörgc, kitæj, pcssju c skr fhcacdc dk fcfhk gitkric, fcfhk prgaãrgc ju 34


3). C tc`k tc`knc nc cpr cprkkfcfhk dk iávkn 3 (N3 ‖ nkvkn 3). skitcdc c sklugr kxkapngegfc vcnjrks dk fcfhk

C kvjnuìæj icturcn nkvju c eczkr fja quk c skluidc akaörgc fcfhk tca`ça ejssk cpngfcdc gitkricakitk cj prjfksscdjr prjfksscdjr.. Cssga, pncfcss aæ fc aæk k pc pcrc rc pr prjf jfks kssc scdj djrk rkss Rk Rkit itgu gua a GG GG,, Rkitgua GGG, Fknkrji, Fknkrji, Rkitgua 4, Cthnji, Durji k ajdknjs pjstkrgjrks iæj pjssuka fcfhk kxtkrij, mã quk kssks prjfksscdjrks pjssuka fcfhk N0 gitkricakitk. Jutrj pjitj gitkrksscitk gitkrksscitk ç quk, ka augtjs fcsjs, j fcfhk N3 kifjitrc-sk dgvgdgdj ka ducs pcrtks= "N3 pcrc dcdjs" k "N3 pcrc gistruìûks" (eglurc 37).

gitkric pcrc cnluis prjfksscdjrks. Agfrjprjfksscdjr

Fcfhk gitkric

8285, 8288, 085, 685 VX

--

82685 DX

--

485DNF k 485VNF

3 o@

485DX, DX0, VX, VX0

8 o@

Gitkn 485 DX4

35 o@

Fyrgx k CAD 485 DX4

8 o@

Rkitgua

35 o@

Rkitgua Rrj

35 o@

Fyrgx ;x85 k 5x85, CAD ;x85

35 o@

CAD O;

04 o@

C „`rgifcdkgrc‑ ejg tæj `jc quk fjitgiujusk uscidj j fcfhk kxtkrij fja prjfksscdjrks quk mã pjssuáca fcfhk gitkrij. J kxtkrij, kitæj, pcssju c skr fhcacdj dk fcfhk kxtkrij, fcfhk skfuidãrgj ju fcfhk dk iávkn 0 (N0). Ic eglurc 38, ajstrcajs ua kxkapnj dk aödunj dk akaörgc fcfhk N0, dk 0;5 o@, uscdc ka uac pncfc-aæk fja sjquktk 6. Rkrfk`c j cnuij quk kssk quk kssk tgpj dk aödunj pjstkrgjrakitk ejg suprgagdj, skidj kitæj js fhgps dk akaörgc fcfhk sjndcdjs dgrktcakitk â pncfc-aæk.

su`dgvgdgdj ka djgs= dcdjs k gisEglurc 37 ‖ Fcfhk N3 su`dgvgdgdj truìûks.

[ac kxfkìæj cj ectj dk skrka kaprklcdcs ducs akaörgcs fcfhk ka ua fjaputcdjr ç j CAD O5-GGG. Cpkscr dk kstk prjfksscdjr pjssugr ka sku gitkrgjr js fcfhks N3 k N0, cnluacs pncfcs-aæk dgspjig`gngzcvca dgspjig`gngzcvca uac tkrfkgrc akaörgc fcfhk. Ikssk fcsj, kstc fcfhk kxtkric pcssju c skr fjihkfgdc fjaj tkrfgãrgc ju dk iávkn 6 (N6). Ijracnakitk c akaörgc fcfhk acgs acgs prö pröxgac cj iýfnkj (N3) dgspjig`gngzc akijr fcpcfgdcdk dk craczkicakitj (tgpgfcakitk kitrk 60 k 308 o@), acs tca`ç `ça a ç c quk c cprkski kittc akijr tkapj dk cfkssj (6 c 4 fgfnjs). Rjr suc vkz, j fcfhk N0 cprkskitc skaprk acgjr fcpcfgdcdk (kitrk 0;5 o@ k 0 A@), acs tca`ça trc`cnhc fja tkapjs dk cfkssj acgs cntjs (32 c 3; fgfnjs). Mã c PCA pjssug fcpcfgdcdk dk craczk cra czkica icakit kitj j aug augtj tj acg acgjr jr (ic fc fcsc sc djs lglc), acs tca`ça cprkskitc j acgjr tkapj dk cfkssj (pjr vjntc dk 342 fgfnjs).

;, tkidj Eglurc 38 ‖ Rkitgua 366 ajitcdj ka ua sjfokt ;, cj ncdj j aödunj dk akaörgc fcfhk. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

3;


Rjr acgs kstrcihj quk gssj pjssc pcrkfkr, kstc rkncìæj (N3, N0 k PCA) ç c quk jekrkfk aknhjr rkncìæj fustj x `kikeáfgj, mã quk N3 rkspjidk pjr fkrfc dk 82% djs cfkssjs, N0 pjr acgs 38 ju 37% k c PCA pknjs 3 ju 0% rkstcitks. Vk kssc rkncìæj ejssk audcdc, dk acikgrc quk c PCA egfcssk rkspjisãvkn pjr uac acgjr pcrfknc dk cfkssjs, j iýakrj dk fgfnjs dk kspkrc, pjr pcrtk dj prjfksscdjr, skrgc skr gc lglc lglcitk itksfj sfj,, dga dgagiu giugidj gidj sgl sglige igegfc gfctgv tgvccakitk j dkskapkihj. Ukmcajs ua kxkapnj iuaçrgfj=

N3 k N0 akijrks, hcvkidj j cfrçsfgaj dk ua tkrfkgrj iávkn dk fcfhk . Cssga, egfcajs fja quctrj pkqukijs `njfjs dk fcfhk N N3 3k N0 (ua pcrc fcdc iýfnkj) k ua lrcidk fcfhk N6 fjapcrtgnhcdj pjr tjdjs js iýfnkjs. Fjaj kxkapnj, pjdkajs fgtcr j Fjrk g< (4; ia), quk cprkskitc fcfhk N3 dk 54 o@ k N0 dk 0;5 o@ pjr iýfnkj k ua lrcidk fjapcrtgnhcdj tgnhcdj pjr tjdjs. fcfhk N6 dk 8 A@ fjapcr

Fcfhk N3 (82%)= 3.222.222 x 6 x 2,8 1

Fjaj mã tgvkajs c jpjrtuigdcdk dk vkr, j kifcpsuncakitj dk ua prjfksscdjr prj fksscdjr fjrrkspjidk c ua kivjntörgj quk j prjtklk akfcigfcakitk, cnça dk fjiekrgr js fjitctjs aktãngfjs pcrc c suc fjauigfcìæj fja js fjapjikitks dj fjaputcdjr, `ka fjaj cuxgngcr ic kngagicìæj dj fcnjr lkrcdj durcitk sku euifgjica euifgjicakitj. kitj. Fcdc ajdknj dk prjfksscdjr pjdk fjitcr fja dgekrkitks tgpjs dk kifcpsuncakitj, quk vcrgca fjiejrak j sku prjmkt prjmktj. j. Ka lkrcn, js prjfksscdjrks pjssuka ka suc pcrtk supkrgjr uac kspçfgk dk "tcapc" aktãngfc, fjihkfgdc fjaj GHV (Gi ‖ Gitklrctkd tklrctkd Hkct Vprkcdkr ‖ dgssgpcdjr dk fcnjr gitklrcdj), c qucn tka c euiìæj dk prjtklí-nj k aknhjrcr c dgssgpcìæj dk fcnjr (eglurc 02).

Kifcpsuncakitj k fjikxæj djs prjfksscdjrks

0.422.222 fgfnjs Fcfhk N0 (37%)= 3.222.222 x 3; x 2,37 1 0.8;2.222 fgfnjs PCA (3%)= 3.222.222 x 342 x 2,23 1 3.422.222 fgfnjs Tjtcn 1 5.5;2.222 fgfnjs Fcfhk N3 (82%)= 3.222.222 x 6 x 2,8 1

0.422.222 fgfnjs Fcfhk N0 (38%)= 3.222.222 x 3; x 2,38 1 0.<22.222 fgfnjs PCA (0%)= 3.222.222 x 342 x 2,20 1 0.822.222 fgfnjs Tjtcn 1 <.722.222 fgfnjs J`skrvk quk j cuakitj dk cpkics 3% ij cfkssj dc PCA knkvju j iýakrj dk fgfnjs dk kspkrc pcrc qucsk 8 agnhûks. Gssj sgligegfc quk, qucitj acgjr c pjrfkitclka dk cfkssjs â akaörgc PCA, acgs dkajrcdc skrã c fjifnusæj dc tcrkec pjr pcrtk dj prjfksscdjr. J quk pjdkajs fjifnugr dk tudj gssj ç quk, qucitj acgjr k acgs rãpgdc ejrka cs akaörgcs fcfhk , aknhjr skrã j dkskapkihj lkrcn dj prjfksscdjr. Kitrktcitj, c kvjnuìæ nu ìæj j dj djss pr prjf jfks kssc scdj djrk rkss pj pjdk dk tr trcz czkr kr gijvcìûks quk pjdka eczkr tcn cegracìæj pcrkfkr ecnsc. J ajtgvj dk rknctcrajs gssj ç quk, fja c gitrjduìæj djs prjfksscdjrks eczkr usj dk fcfhks qucd-fjrk, pcssju-sk c eczkr Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

35

Pkprkskitcìæj ìæj dj su`strctj, dg k k GHV. Eglurc 02 ‖ Pkprkskitc Gistgtutj [igvkrscn @rcsgnkgrj

- VKFF= Vgilnk Kdlk Fjitcft Fcrtrgdlk (Fcrtufhj fja Fjitctjs Fjitctjs ka @jrdc Vgapnks). Kstk tgpj dk kifcps kifcpsuncakit uncakitj j nka`rc augtj js citgljs fcrtufhjs pcrc vgdkjlcaks k pjssug kifcgxk skaknhcitk cjs aödunjs dk akaörgc (eglurc 06).

Kitrktcitj, cnluis ajdknjs dk prjfksscdjrk dj rkss pj pjdk dka a iæ iæj j ut utgngngz gzcr cr j GH GHV V (eg eglu lurc rc 03).Cnça dc rkduìæj dk fustj ic ec`rgfcìæj dj prjfksscdj sc djrr, j fj fjit itct ctj j dg dgrk rktj tj dj dgk fja j fjjnkr pjdk ecfgngtcr c trcisekríifgc k dgssgpcìæj dj fcnjr.

prjfksscdjr jr ska j GHV. Eglurc 03 ‖ Kxkapnj dk prjfksscd

C sklugr sklugr,, cprkskitcrkajs cnluis tgpjs dk kifcpsuncakitjs pcrc prjfksscdjrks.

Eglurc 06 ‖ Kxkapnj dk kifcpsuncakitj fja sgstkac dk fjikxæj VKFF.

- RLC ( eglurc 00)= Ç c sglnc dk Rgi Lrgd (pgijs dgspjstjs ka lrcdk ju actrgz dk Crrcy (pgijs pgijs). Ikstk tgpj dk kifcpsuncakitj, j su`strctj utgngzc pgijs quk sæj giskrgdjs ijs fjitctjss dj sj tj sjqu qukt ktk k ic pnc pncfc fc-a -aæk æk.. J ac actk tkrg rgcn cn kaprklcdj ka suc fjistruìæj pjdk skr fkràagfj agf j (FRLC (FRLC - Fkrcag Fkrcagf f Rgi Lrgd Crrcy ) ju pnãstgfj tg fj (R (RRL RLC C - Rncst ) . Hã Rncstgf gf Rg Rgi i Lr Lrgd gd Cr Crrc rcy y ). tca`ça ua tgpj fhcacdj Engp Fhgp Rgi Lrgd (EF-RLC) jidk j dgk egfc pcrfgcnakitk Crrcy (EF-RLC) kxpjst kxp jstj j ic pcr pcrtk tk sup supkrg krgjr jr dj prj prjfks fksscd scdjr jr (vkmc ijvcakitk c eglurc 03). Kxgstka jutrcs vcrgcìûks, fjaj j EF-RLC0, quk pjssug j GVH (iæj prkskitk ij EF-RLC)?

- VKRR= sglnc pcrc Vgilnk Kdlk Rrjfkssjr Rcfoclk, kstk tgpj ç skaknhcitk cj VKFF, ij kitcitj, j prjfksscdjr egfc cfjpncdj ka ua pncfc quk iæj ç prjtklgdc pjr ua fcrtufhj (eglurc 04)?

Eglurc 04 ‖ Kxkapnj dk kifcpsuncakitj fja sgstkac dk fjikxæj VKRR VKRR..

- NLC= Ncid Lrgd Crrcy . Kstk tgpj dk sgstkac dk fjikxæj ç skaknhcitk cj pcdræj RLC, tkidj fjaj prgifgpcn dgekrkiìc j ectj dk quk j su`strctj dj prjfksscdjr iæj utgngzc pgijs dk fjitctj ka suc pcrtk giekrgjr, acs sga pjitjs aktãngfjs (eglurc 0;), js qucgs acitía fjitctj fja js pgijs kxgstkitks ij sjquktk dc pncfc-aæk.

Eglurc 00 ‖ Kxkapnj dk su`strctj pcrc sjquktk RLC.


3<


j DGR (Ducn Gingik Rcfoclk), pjdkidj skr kifjitrcdj fjitrcd j ka fjrpj pnãstgfj ju fkràagfj. C eglurc 05 ajstrc ua 4224 fja fjrpj fkràagfj.

kifcpsuncakitj fja sgstkac dk Eglurc 0; ‖ Kxkapnj dk kifcpsuncakitj fjikxæj NLC.

Ç gapjrtcitk quk sk tkihc ka akitk quk, â akdgdc quk js prjfksscdjrks væj kvjnugidj, ijvjs sgstkacs pcrc suc fjikxæj fja c pncfcaæk sæj dksk dkskivj ivjnvgd nvgdjs. js. Augt Augtcs cs vkz vkzks, ks, gifn gifnusgv usgvk, k, ua pcdræj kspkfáegfj vcg sjerkidj cntkrcìûks c ega dk cdkquã-nj c ijvcs ikfkssgdcdks ju tjriã-nj acgs kegfgkitk. J ajstrcdj ic ýntgac eglurc lu rc,, pj pjrr kx kxka kapn pnj, j, ç j EF EF-N -NL LC4 (En Engp gp Fh Fhgp gp Nc Ncid id ), ji jidk dk j cn cnlc lcrg rgsa saj j qu quct ctrj rj gi gidg dgfc fc j iý iý-Lrgd Lrg d Crr Crrcy cy ), akrj dc rkvgsæj dj sgstkac.

cpcríifgc gc dj Gitkn 4224. Eglurc 05 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríif

8228

JGitkn8228ejgnciìcdjka37<0kejgjprgakgrj agfrjp agf rjprjf rjfkss ksscdjr cdjrdk dk 8 `gts prj prjduz duzgdj gdj pknc pkncGitk Gitkn.n. Cpkscr dk tkr sgdj nciìcdj dkpjgs dj 4224, 422 4, j agf agfrjp rjprjf rjfkss ksscdjr cdjr 8228 ejg dks dkskiv kivjnvg jnvgdj dj c pcrtgr dk ua prjmktj ijvj, skidj, pjrtcitj, `ka dgekrkitk dk sku citkfkssjr. J prjmktj dkstk prjfksscdjr (gigfgcnakitk `ctgzcdj fjaj 3023) ejg kifjakidcdj pknc Fjaputkr Tkragicn Fjrpjrctgji, acs dkvgdj c ctrcsjs ij frjijlrcac, knk cfc`ju iæj skidj kaprklcdj. Rjstkrgjrakitk, ejg cfjrdcdj quk j 8228 pjdkrgc skr fjakrfgcngzcdj pcrc jutrjs fngkitks. Vuc ec`rgfcìæj ejg kifkrrcdc kifkrrcdc pjr vjntc dk 3786. J 8228 pjssuác 6.;22 trcisgstjrks, fjistruá tr uádj djss fj fja a c tç tçfi figf gfc c 32 »a »a,, k kr krc c dg dgsp spji jig` g`gngngz gzcd cdj j iua fgr fgrfug fugtj tj git gitklr klrcdj cdj fja kif kifcps cpsunca uncakit kitj j DGR dk 38 pgijs (eg Rjssu suác ác `c `crr rrca caki kitj tj kx kx-eglu lurc rc 0<). Rjs tkrij dk 34 `gts dk kidkrkìjs quk pjdgca cfksscr 35 o@ dk akaörgc.

@rkvk Pksuaj dc Kvjnuìæj djs Rrjfksscdjrks

Tjacrkajs pjr `csk js prjfksscdjrks dkskivjnvgdjs pknc Gitkn. Ç fncrj quk kxgstka cnluis prjfksscdjrks, dk jutrjs ec`rgfcitks, quk iæj pjdkrácajs dkgxcr dk rkncfgjicr. Ikssks fcsjs, skaprk rknctcrkajs j ec`rgfcitk. Gitkn 4224

Kstk ç fjisgdkrcdj fjaj j prgakgrj agfrjpr fr jprjfk jfkss sscdj cdjrr fja fjakrf krfgcn gcnaki akitk tk vgã vgãvkn vkn,, ju skm skmc, c, uac uigdcdk fkitrcn dk prjfksscakitj dgspjiávk iá vknn ka ua ýi ýigf gfj j fhgp. Ec Ec`r `rgf gfcd cdj j pk pknc nc Gi Gitk tkn,n, sk sku u nciìcakitj sk dku pjr vjntc dk 37<2. Cpkscr dk dkskivj dkskivjnvgdj nvgdj jrglgi jrglgicnakit cnakitk k pcrc fcnfuncdjrcs, njlj ajstrju-sk kegfgkitk ka jutrcs cpngfcìûks. Krc ejr ejracd acdj j pjr 0.62 0.622 2 trc trcisg isgstj stjrks rks,, jpkrcvc fja erkquíifgc dk fnjfo dk dk 328 oHz k trc`cnhcvc fja pcncvrcs fja 4 `gts dk fjaprgakitj. J kifcpsuncakitj uscdj krc Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

cpcríifgc gc dj Gitkn 8228. Eglurc 0< ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríif 38


Cs su sucs cs pr prga gakg kgrc rcss vk vkrs rsûk ûkss jp jpkr krcv cvca ca fja erkquíifgc dk ;22 oHz. Rjstkrgjrakitk, kssc vknjfgdcdk ejg knkvcdc pcrc 822 oHz. Cpkscr dk skr ua pjufj acgs nkitj quk js agfrjprjfksscdjrks dk 4 `gts (4224 k 4242) ka tk tkra rajs js dk gi gist stru ruìû ìûks ks pj pjrr sk sklu luid idj j (6 (65. 5.22 222 2c 82.2 82 .222 22 ka 82 822 2 oH oHz) z),, ic pr prãt ãtgf gfc c j 82 8228 28 fh fhkl klcv cvc c c skr acgs „rãpgdj‑, mustcakitk pjr prjfksscr ka 8 `gts k pjdkr cfksscr augtj acgs akaörgc iuac aksac uigdcdk dk tkapj. C kvjnuìæ kvjnuìæj j dc crqugt crqugtkturc kturc dj 8228 dku jrglka c prjfksscdjrks quk egzkrca çpjfc, fjaj js Gitkn 8282, Gitkn 828; k ]gnjl ]82.

cpcríifgc c dj Gitkn 8282. Eglurc 07 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríifg

J 8282 pjssuác ua rklgstrcdjr (fjitcdjr dk prjlrcac) dk 8 `gts, j quk rksuntcvc ka uac fcpcfgdcdk dk kidkrkìcakitj dk akaörgc dk 54 o`ytks. Rjssuác cgidc ;30 pjrtcs dk kitrcdc/scádc, tgihc < rklgstrcdjrks dk usj lkrcn dk 8 `gts fcdc, gistruìûks nölgfcs k crgtaçtgfcs fja ajdjs dk kidkrkìcakitj dgrktj, gidgrktj gidgrk tj k gakdgct gakdgctj, j, trc`c trc`cnhcidj nhcidj gigfgcnakitk gigfgcnakitk fja ua fnjfo dk dk 0 AHz. Fjitcvc fja 5.222 trcisgstjrks fjistruádjs fja tçfigfc dk 5 »a, js qucgs krca dgstrgùádjs dgstrgù ádjs ka ua d cprjxgacdcakitk dcakitk dgk gk dk cprjxgac 0 02 aa . Kaprklcvc tkisûks dk cngakitcìæj dk +;U, -;U k +30U. Fjisuagc fkrfc dk 3,6 \ctts dk pjtíifgc.

4242

J Gitkn 4242 (eglurc 08) ejg j sufkssjr dj 4224. Nciìcdj pknc Gitkn ka 37<4 k skidj ec`rgfcdj ctç 3783, krc fjistruádj kaprklcidj uac tçfigfc dk 32 »a (agfrôaktrj (agfrôaktrj ju aáfrji), k pjssuác fkrfc dk 6 agn trcisgstjrks. Knk jpkrcvc fja erkquíifgc aãxgac dk <42 oHz (ejg ec`rgfcdj ka vkrsûks dk ;22 c <42 oHz) k krc fcpcz dk kxkfutcr cprjxgacdcakitk 52.222 gistruìûks pjr skluidj. J prjfksscakitj prjfksscaki tj sk dcvc fja fjaprgakitj dk pcncvrc dk 4 `gts.

828;

Rrjduzgdj pknc Gitkn, j 828; (eglurc 62) ejg ua agfrjprjfksscdjr pcrc 8 `gts ic vgc dk dcdjs k 35 `gts ic vgc dk kidkrkìj, quk pjdgc cfksscr 54 o@ dk akaörgc. Jpkrcvc tgpgfcakitk fja fnjfo dk dk 6 AHz.

Eglurc 08 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríifgc dj Gitkn 4242.

8282

Eglurc 62 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríifgc dj Gitkn 828;.

Vku sg sgst stka kac c gi gitk tkri rij j pj pjss ssuá uác c tj tjdc dcss cs gi gisstruìûks dk sku citkfkssjr, j 8282, k acgs ducs du cs,, j qu quk k j tj tjri ricv cvc c fj fjap apct ctáv ávkn kn fj fja a tj tjdj djss js sjetwcrks citkrgjrakitk uscdjs fja j 8282.

Nciìcdj ka 37<4, j 8282 ejg j sufkssjr dj 8228 k krc dgspjig`gngzcdj ka kifcpsuncakitj DGR (pnãstgfj ju fkràagfj) dk 42 pgijs (eglurc 07). Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

37


skidj, kitæj, uscdj fjaj prjfksscdjr ij RF jrglgicn dc G@A. C ecaángc dk prjfkss fk sscdj cdjrk rkss dks dkski kivj vjnv nvgd gdjs js c pc pcrt rtgr gr dj 8285 egfju fjihkfgdc fjaj x85. Fjaj kxkapnj dk fjaputcdjrks fjakrfgcgs quk kaprklcrca j 8285 pjdk-sk fgtcr j Ayfrji 0222 k j prgakgrj Fjapcq prgakgrj Fjapcq Dksoprj.

J 828; prkfgscvc dk akijs hcrdwcrk dk supjrtk, pkragtgidj cssga c fjistruìæj dk sgstkacs acgs sgapnks k akijs dgspkidgjsjs. Dgekrk Dge krkitk itk dk sku cit citkfk kfkssj ssjrr, j 828 828; ; uscvc cpkics tkisæj dk cngakitcìæj dk +;U, j quk sgapngegfcvc tca`ça c fjistruìæj dj sgstkac dk cngakitcìæj (ejitk). Tcitj j 8282 fjaj j 828; ejrca utgngzcdjs ka fjaputcdjrks quk kxkfutcvca j sgstkac jpkrcfgjicn FR/A (F jitrjn jitrjn R rjlrca r jlrca / ju Rrjlrcac dk Fjitrjnk pcrc gfrjfjaputkr ju A gfrjfjaputkr Agfrjfjaputcdjrks), frgcdj pjr p jr Lcry Ogndcnn? dc Dglgtcn Pkskcrfh, Gif.

]82

Dkskivjnv Dkskiv jnvgdj gdj k fja fjakrf krfgcng gcngzcd zcdj j pknc kaprksc ]GNJL pjr vjntc dk 37<5, j ]82 fjisgstk ka ua prjfksscdjr dk 8 `gts fja `crrcakitj dk kidkrkìjs dk 35 `gts, fcpcz dk kidkrkìcr dgrktcakitk 54o dk akaörgc. Gigfgcnakitk pjssugu kifcpsuncakitj DGR dk 42 pgijs (eglurc 60), ec`rgfcdj ka trís ajdknjs `ãsgfjs (C, @ k F), dgekrkifgcdjs sjakitk pknc vknjfgdcdk dk fnjfo .

8285

Nciìcdj ka 37<8, j 8285 pjssuác fkrfc dk 07.222 trcisgstjrks k uscvc kifcpsuncakitj DGR dk 42 tkragicgs (eglurc 63).

cpcríifgc gc dj ]gnjl ]82. Eglurc 60 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríif

Fjaj j ]82 ejg fjistruádj c pcrtgr dj 8288, knk cfc`c fjitkidj <8 djs jpfjdks dj 8288. Dkvgdj â sgapngfgdcdk k `cgxj fustj sk tjriju gifrgvknakitk pjpuncr, supkrcidj dk njilk cs vkidcs dk qucnqukr jutrj prjfksscdjr dc hgstörgc. Ukrsûks ajdkrigzcdcs dj ]82 (quk fjiskrvca j aksaj prjmktj `ãsgfj, acs sæj prjduzgdjs fja tçfigfcs ajdkrics dk ec`rgfcìæj k trc`cnhca c erkquíifgcs acgs cntcs) cgidc pjdka skr kifjitrcdjs ka dgvkrsjs tgpjs dk knktrôigfjs, fjaj gaprkssjrc sj rcs, s, cp cpcr crkn knhj hjss dk ec ecx, x, rj rj`ô `ôss dk us usj j gidustrgcn, `rgiqukdjs, fcnfuncdjrcs fcnfuncdjrcs,, vgdkj kttf. lcak, AR6 Rncykrs k


J 8285 (tca`ça fhcacdj gCRX85) fjisgstk ka ua agfrjprjfksscdjr dk 35 `gts k quk pjssug `crrcakitj dk dcdjs dk 35 `gts k `crrcakitj dk kidkrkìjs dk 02 `gts. Vku fnjfo lk lkrcnakitk vcrgcvc kitrk ; k 8 AHz. J 8285 ç fjisgdkrcdj fjaj c `csk dk dkskivjnvgakitj dkskivjnvgakitj dk vãrgjs jutrjs prjfksscdjrks quk cncvcifcrca c dgsskagdgsskag icìæj djs RFs fjaj, pjr kxkapnj, j 8288 82 88.. Tci citj tj qu quk k j 82 8288 88,, nc nciì iìcd cdj j ka 37<7, cprkski cprkskitcvc tcvc nglkgrcs ajdgegfcìûks, fjaj ua `crrcakitj kxtkrij dk dcdjs dk 8 `gts quk pkragtgc c utgngzcìæj dk fhgps acgs `crctjs k akijs nölgfc dk cpjgj, Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

02


Cpkscr dk iæj skr ikihua fcapkæj dk vknjfgdcdk,, j ]82 ç ua fhgp kxtrkacakitk `cvknjfgdcdk rctj k eãfgn dk prjlrcacr, mã quk tjdjs js skus truquks sæj `ka fjihkfgdjs k djfuakitcdjs. 82385

J 82385 (eglur eglurc c 66) ejg nciìcdj ij akrfcdj ka 3780. Knk fjisgstgc, fjaj ç dk sk kspkrcr, ka uac aknhjrgc dk sku prkdkfkssjr, j 8285. Rjssuác ua `crrcakitj kxtkrij dk 35 kxgstgc gc uac vkrsæ vkrsæj j sgapngegfcdc fja `gts, acs kxgst j `crrcakitj kxtkrij kxtkrij dk 8 `gts, j Gitkn 82388.


- Rrjfksscakitj ka 35 `gts, tcitj gitkric (rklgstrj FR[) qucitj kxtkricakitk (`crrcakitj)? - Ajdjs dk jpkrcìæj Pkcn*3 k Rrjtklgdj*0? - Cfkssj c ctç 35 A@ dk akaörgc (ctrcvçs djs 04 `gts dk kidkrkìcakitj)? - Auntgtcrkec? - Akaörgc vgrtucn*6 ka dgsfj? - Akaörgc prjtklgdc*4. * 3 Ajdj Pkcn= Fjrrkspjidk, `csgfc-

akitk, cj ýigfj ajdj jpkrcfgjicn kxgstkitk ijs prjfksscdjrks dcs sçrgks citkrgjrks. J ajdj rkcn ç fcrcftkrgzcdj pjr pjssugr ua kspcìj dk kidkrkìcakitj dk akaörgc sklakitcdc dk cpkics 35 `gts (j quk sgligegfc quk cpkics 3 A@ dk akaörgc pjdk skr kidkrkìcdj), tkr cfkssj dgrktj âs rjtgics dc @GJV k cj hcrdwcrk pkrgeçrgfj, k iæj dgspjr dk prjtkìæj dk akaörgc ju auntgtcrkec cj iávkn dj hcrdwcrk. Sucnqukr prjfksscdjr dc sçrgk 82085 ju pjstkrgjr gigfgc suc jpkrcìæj ( pjw pjwkr-j kr-ji i ) ka ajdj rkcn. * 0 Ajdj Rrjt Rrjtklgd klgdj= j= Kstk ajdj dk jpkrcìæj pjssug ua iýakrj dk ijvcs dkegigìûks pcrc j supjrtk dk auntgtcrkec (kxkfuìæj dk vãr vãrgcs gcs tcr tcrkec kecss sga sgaunt untcik cikcak cakitk) itk),, kstc`gngdcdk dj sgstkac, prjtkìæj dk akaörgc, sgstkac dk pclgicìæj (usj dk akaörgc vgrtucn), k supjrtk dk hcrdwcrk pcrc akaörgc vgrtucn. * 6 Akaörgc Ugrtucn= fjisgstk ka rkfursjs dk hcrdwcrk k sjetwcrk fja trís euiìûks `ãsgfcs= • Pkcnjfcìæj= tka c egicngdcdk dk cs-


C vkrsæj gigfg gigfgcn cn dj 82385 pjssugc ua dk 5 AHz, j quk, cngcdj c jtgagzcìûks fnjfo dk ka sku iýfnkj, eczgc fja quk knk ejssk augtj acgs rãpgdj quk ua 8285. J Gitkn 82385 ejg pjufj uscdj ka fjaputcdjrks pkssjcgs, skidj lkrcnakitk kifjitrcdj ka sgstkacs ka`crfcdjs. 82085 (085)

Cpkscr dk tkr sgdj nciìcdj pknc Gitkn ka 3780, sjakitk c pcrtgr dk 3784 pcssju c skr utgngzcdj pknc G@A ka sku RF CT ( Cdvcifkd ). Tkfhijnjly ). Fja 364.222 trcisgstjrks k trc`cnhcidj fja erkquíifgc dk fnjfo quk quk vcrgju dk 5 AHz c 02 AHz, j 085 (eglurc 64) trjuxk vãrgjs vãrgjs cvciìjs sj`rk j 8288, kitrk js qucgs pjdk-sk dkstcfcr= Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

03


sklurcrr quk fcd sklurc fcdc c prj prjfks fkssj sj (cp (cpngf ngfcìæ cìæj) j) tkihc j sku pröprgj kspcìj dk kidkrkìcakitj? • Rrjtkìæj= tka c egicngdcdk dk gapkdgr quk ua prjfkssj utgngzk kidkrkìj dk akaörgc quk iæj nhk pkrtkiìc? • Rclgicìæj (pclgil) ju trjfc (swcp pgil pg il)= )= pjssg`gngtc quk ua prjfkssj utgngzk acgs akaörgc dj quk cquknc egsgfcakitk kxgstkitk. Ikssk fcsj, uac pcrtk dj dgsfj rálgdj ç uscdj fjaj sk ejssk uac kxtkiìæj dc PCA. * 4 Rrjtkìæj dk akaörgc= Ç rkspjisãvkn pknc aciutkiìæj dc gitklrgdcdk djs dcdjs dk ua prjfkssj. Knc ç gapnkakitcdc ka fjimuitj pknj hcrdwcrk k pknj sgstkac jpkrcfgjicn jpkrc fgjicn,, quk dgspji dgspjig`gngz g`gngzca ca pcrc fcdc prjfkssj ua kspcìj dk akaörgc kxfnusgvj.

[ac jutrc vkrsæj, j g685VN, ejg prjduzgdj pcrc ncptjps, dgspjidj, cssga, dk vãrgjs rkfursjs pcrc kfjijagc dk kikrlgc (VAA Vystka Aciclkakit Ajdk), fjaj, pjr kxkapnj, ajdj dk hg`kricìæj. Vku fnjfo , gigfgcnakitk, ejg dk 02 AHz k dkpjgs dk 0; AHz. Kstk ajdknj pjssuác fkrfc dk trís dk trís vkzks acgs trcisástjrks quk j ajdknj jrglgicn. Ic eglurc 6;, ajstrcajs js trís ajdknjs dj 685.

cpcríifgc gc dj Gitkn 82685. Eglurc 6; ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríif

82685 (685) 82485 (485)

Ec`rgfcdj c pcrtgr dk 378; fja fkrfc dk 0<;.22 0<; .222 2 trc trcisg isgstj stjrks rks,, j agf agfrjp rjprjf rjfkss ksscdj cdjr r 82685 (ju g685) dc Gitkn ejg utgngzcdj ka dgvkrsjs agfrjfjaputcdjrks kitrk 3785 k 3774, fja c erkquíifgc aãxgac dk 66 AHz. J 82685 ejg ua dgvgsjr dk ãlucs ic gidýstrgc dk giejraãtgfc quk dã supjrtk â pnctcejrac RF, pjgs ejg j prgakgrj c utgngzcr auntgtcrkec prkkaptgvc (fcpcfgdcdk dk kxkfutcr acgs dk uac cpngfcìæj cj aksaj tkapj), gistruìûks dk 60 `gts k akaörgc ka ajdj prjtklgdj (dk acikgrc rkcnakitk kegfgkitk). J g685 pkrtkifk â ecaángc dk prjfksscdjrks x85, ju skmc, fcdc ijvj prjfksscdjr nciìcdj acitkvk fjapctg`gngdcdk fja j fji muitj dk gistruìûks dj prjfksscdjr citkrgjr. Gigfgcnakitk j 685 pjssuác prjfksscakitj ka 60 `gts k `crrcakitj dk 60 `gts. Rjstkrgjrakitk ejg nciìcdc nciìcdc uac vkrsæj fja `crrcakitj kxtkrij dk dcdjs dk 35 `gts k `crrcakitj dk kidkrkìjs dk 04 `gts (`ctgzcdj fjaj g685VX). Dkssc acikgrc, j g685 jrglgicn ejg rk`ctgzcdj fjaj g685DX pcrc kvgtcr fjieusûks. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

Dctc dk nciìcakitj= 3787 Iýakrj dk trcisgstjrks= 3.022.222 Erkq Er kquí uíif ifgc gc== 02 02,, 0; 0;,, 66 66,, ;2 ;2,, 55 55,, <; <;k k 32 322 2 Ah Ahzz Tcacihj dj rklgstrj dc FR[= 60 `gts Tcacihj dj @[V kxtkrij= 60 `gts Kstk ejg j prgakgrj prjfksscdjr dc Gitkn quk pjss pjssuác, uác, gitklr gitklrcdj, cdj, ua fjprj fjprjfkss fksscdjr cdjr actkaãtgfj dk pjitj enutucitk (ctç kitæj j fjprjfksscdjr krc cdqugrgdj skpcrcdcakitk), j quk cfknkrcvc js fãnfunjs dcs euiìûks actkaãtgfcs. Kstc vkrsæj rkfk`ku c ijakifncturc dk g485DX, j quk cfc`ju fcuscidj ua pjufj dk fjieusæj dkvgdj â ijakifncturc cdjtcdc pknj citkfkssjr (g685DX). Ijs prgakgrjs 485 (g485VX) j fjprjfksscdjr kifjitrcvc-sk dksc`gngtcdj. Jutrc dgekrkiìc quk cpcrkfgc pknc prgakgrc vkz ic ecaángc x85 krc c prkskiìc dj fcfhk N3 (VPCA dk 8 Ognj`ytks) gitkricakitk cj prjfksscdjr prjfksscdjr.. Dk ejrac lkrcn, tjdjs js cvciìjs gitrjduzgdjs ij 485 dj`rcrca j dkskapkihj `rutj `rutj 00


ka rkncìæj c ua 685 dk aksaj fnjfo . C ecaángc 485 tkvk vãrgcs jutrcs vkrsûks, dkitrk cs qucgs pjdkajs fgtcr= dj prjfkssc- Gitkn 82485DX0 - J fnjfo dj djr ç j dj`rj dj fnjfo dj dj `crrcakitj kxtkrij? dj prjfkssc- Gitkn 82485DX4 - J fnjfo dj djr ç j trgpnj dj fnjfo dj dj `crrcakitj kxtkrij. C eglurc 65 ajstrc ua g485DX.

dk supkrcqukfgakitj. Rjr vjntc dk 377;, ua dkekgtj ejg njfcngzcdj ic uigdcdk dk pjitj enutucitk (ER[), j quk j`rglju c GITKN c su`stgtugr cs uigdcdks dkekgtujscs. Aksaj fja tjdjs prj`nkacs kierkitcdjs, c GITKN acitkvk c acrfc acrfc RKITG[A pcrc js prjfksscdjrks js prjfksscdjrks su`skqukitks. Durcitk j pkrájdj dk ec`rgfcìæj (3776 c 3777), js prjfksscdjrks Rkitgua kaprklcrca dgvkrs dgv krsjs js iýf iýfnkj nkjss (f (fjaj jaj R;, R;4 R;4F, F, R;4 R;4FV, FV, R;; R;;F F k Tgnncajjo) k ejrca ekgtjs pcrc vãrgjs tgpjs dk sjquktks (sjfokt 4, 4, sjfokt ; ; k sjfokt <). <). C eglurc 6< ajstrc j kifcpsuncakitj dk ua Rkitgua tápgfj.


Rkitgua

Dctc dk nciìcak nciìcakitj= itj= 3776 Iýakrj dk trcisgstjrks= 6.322.222 Erkquíifgc= 52, 55, <;, 72, 322, 302, 366, 3;2, 355, 022, 066, 055 k 622 AHz Tkisæj dk cngakitcìæj= ;U Tcacihj dj Tcacihj dj rklgstrj dc FR[= 60 `gts Tcacihj dj @[V kxtkrij= 54 `gts

cpcríifgc c dj Gitkn Rkitgua. Eglurc 6< ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríifg

Rkitgua RPJ

Dctc dk nciìcakitj= 377; Iýakrj dk trcisgstjrks= ;.;22.222 Erkquíifgc aãxgac= 022 Ahz Tcacihj dj rklgstrj dc FR[= 60 `gts Tcacihj dj @[V kxtkrij= 54 `gts

Kstk prjfksscdjr fjrrkspjidk â qugitc lkrcìæj dc crqugtkturc x85 k, pjrtcitj, rkfk`krgc c ijakifncturc dk 82;85 (ju g;85). Kitrktcit tc itj, j, fj fjaj aj ua uac c fj fjrt rtk k dk mu must stgì gìc c vk vktj tju u j rk rklg lgst strj rj dk pctkitk dk ua sgapnks iýakrj, c GITKN c`cidjiju c ijakifncturc iuaçrgfc k cdjtju j ijak RKITG[A pcrc sku ijvj prjfksscdjr. Fjaj gijvcìæj, kstk ejg j prgakgrj prjfksscdjr c kxkfutcr acgs dk uac gistruìæj pjr punsj dk fnjfo . Cs vkrsûks dkstk prjfksscdjr quk jpkrcvca fja fnjfo dk dk 055 k 622 AHz krca dkstgicdcs pcrc usj ka fjaputcdjrks pjrtãtkgs. J ajdknj jrglgicn, fjistruádj fja tçfigfc dk 2,8 »a, pjssuác erkquíifgc dk fnjfo dk 52 ju 55 AHz k cprkskitcvc prj`nkacs Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

J Rkitgua RPJ (eglurc 68) krc dkstgicdj c skrvgdjrks k rkdks, iæj skidj fjisgdkrcdj,, pjrtci dkrcdj pjrtcitj, tj, ua fjifjr fjifjrrkitk rkitk cj Rkitgua jrglgicn. Kssk ijvj prjfksscdjr rkcngzcvc tcrkecs ka 60 `gts augtj acgs rãpgdj quk j Rkitgua jrglgicn, mustcakitk pjrquk pjssuác cntkrcìûks giçdgtcs ic crqugtkturc dk prjfksscakitj, skidj j prgakgrj c pjssugr ua iýfnkj PGVF (Pkdufkd Gistruftgji Vkt Fjaputkr ju Fjaputcdjr fja ua Fjimuitj Pkduzgdj dk Gistruìûks). 06


cpcríifgc gc dj Gitkn Rkitgua GG. Eglurc 67 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríif Eglurc 68 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríifgc dj Gitkn Rkitgua Rrj.

Dk cfjrdj fja c Gitkn, tcn audciìc ejg ikKstk tca`ça ejg j prgakgrj prjfksscdjr fkssãrgc, mã quk c prkskiìc dj fcfhk N0 ic c pjssugr fcfhk N0 gitklrcdj, jpkrcidj â pncfc-aæk ngagtcvc suc erkquíifgc dk jpkrcìæj aksac erkquíifgc dj prjfksscdjr, quk tkvk cjs 55 ju cjs 322 AHz. Fja j fcfhk N0 muitj vkrsûks dk 355 k 022 Ahz. Rkrfk`c, kitrk- cj prjfksscdjr, c erkquíifgc pjdkrgc skr cuakitcdc tcitj, quk j fcfhk N0 ejg ajitcdj ij aksaj akitcd c dk vcnjr. Fjaj, ic çpjfc, c tçfigfc kifcps kif cpsunc uncaki akitj, tj, acs iæj ij aks aksaj aj dgk . uscdc ij Rkitgua Rrj dk gistcncr ua fcfhk N0 Cnça dj dgk prgifgpcn, jidk krc njfcngzcdj j gidk gidkpkid pkidkitk kitk dkit dkitrj rj dj aksa aksaj j kifc kifcpsu psuncncprjfksscdjr, hcvgc ua skluidj dgk fjitkidj akitj krc acgs dgeáfgn k fcrc, c sjnuìæj kifjitrcdc ejg cntkrcr j ejractj dj kifcpsuncakitj. j fcfhk N0. Cpkscr dc aknhjrc ka dkskapk dkskapkihj, ihj, J Rkitgua GG trcz ua fcfhk N3 dk 60 o@, qucidj fjapcrcdj cj Rkitgua dk aksac erk- j qucn ç dgvgdgdj ka djgs `njfjs dk 35 o@, quíifgc, j Rkitgua Rrj krc fjisgdkrcvknakitk skidj ua pcrc dcdjs k jutrj pcrc gistruìûks, acgs nkitj cj r kcngzcr kcngzcr tcrkecs dk 35 `gts. Vj- fcfhk N0 gitklrcdj dk ;30 o@ k supjrtk pcrc akitk kxkfutcidj sjetwcrks purcakitk 60 ctç 4 L@ dk akaörgc PCA. [ac dksvcitcIT k [IGX ç quk pjdgc sskr kr lka ç quk j fcfhk N0 trc`cnhc c cpkics ak`gts sj` j \gidjws IT tcdk dj fnjfo dj dj prjfksscdjr. prjfkssc djr. ijtcdj sku rkcn dkskapkihj. Vjacidj tudj gssj â fjapctg`gngdcdk fja cs gistruìûks AAX k c erkquíifgc dk Rkitgua GG dk 066 Ahz c 4;2 Ahz, j Rkitgua GG sk f njfo njfo dk Dctc dk nciìcakitj= 377< ajstrju augtj kegfgkitk, gifnusgvk ka cpngfcìûks acgs pkscdcs ka 6D. Iýakrj dk trcisgstjrks= <.222.222 Cj fjit fjitrãrgj rãrgj dk sku citkf citkfkssj kssjrr, j Rkitgu Rkitgua a Erkquíifgc aãxgac= 4;2 Ahz Tcacihj dj rklgstrj dc FR[= 60 `gts Rrj, j Rkitgua GG pjdk prjfksscr gistruìûks dk 35 `gts tæj rcpgdcakitk qucitj prjfkssc cs dk Tcacihj dj @[V kxtkrij= 54 `gts 60. Kssc ajdgegfcìæj ejg ikfkssãrgc mã quk j Ka 377<, c Gitkn nciìc j prjfksscdjr Rki Rkitgu tgua a GG kr krc c dks dkstgi tgicdj cdj cj akr akrfc fcdj dj dja djaçs çstgf tgfj, j, Rkit Rk itgu gua a GG GG,, j qu qucn cn ej ejgg dk dksk skiv ivjn jnvg vgdj dj fja fja `c `csk sk ij ka quk cpngfctgvjs dk 35 `gts krca augtj kaprklcdjs. s. Cssga, jek jekrk rkfg fgc c ua `ja dk dksk skap apkih kihj j Rkitgua Rrj. Rknc prgakgrc vkz kitrc ij akr- prklcdj fcdj j kifcpsuncakitj tgpj VKRR (Vgilnkd rjdcidj j \gidjws 7;/78 k DJV. Ka37 Ka 3778 78c c Gi Gitk tknn ci ciui uifg fgc c ua aj ajdk dknj nj ij ijvj vjdj dj Kd lk lk Rrjfkssjr Rcfoclk, ijracnakitk fjihkfgdj fg dj fj fjaj aj fc fcrt rtuf ufhj hj.. Ukm kmc c c egl cpngfc gfcdj dj c Rkitgua GG, j Xkji, dkstgicdj c skrvgdjrks. Kssk eglurc urc 67 cpn ijvj j ajdk ajdknj nj fji fjisgs sgstgc, tgc, `cs `csgfca gfcakit kitk, k, ka Rkit Rkitgua gua ua prjfksscdjr. Kssc audciìc iæj clrcdju ijv augtj js usuãrgjs, mã quk c audciìc dj sjfokt GG fnãssgfj fja acgs fcfhk. Kxgstgrca vkrsûks dj < pcrc j snjt 3 3 kxglgc c su`stgtugìæj dc pncfc- Rkitgua GG Xkji fja ;30 o@, 3 A@ k 0 A@ dk pkrrcidj c 42 422 2, 4; 4;2 2 k ;22 AHz. fcfhk N0 jpk aæk pcrc c rkcngzcìæj dk ua uplrcdk. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

04


Rkitgua GG. Njlj dksfj`rgu-sk quk sk pjdgc cuakitcr j EV@ (dk 55 pcrc 322 AHz, pjr kxkapnj), eczkidj j Fknkrji rjdcr c 4;2 AHz fja `jc kstc`gngdcdk, rgvcngzcidj fja j Rkitgua GG. Rjrr fc Rj fcus usc c dg dgss ssj, j,j j us usj j dj jvkrfnjfo sk pjpuncr pjpuncrgzju. gzju. Js Fknkrjis Akidjfgijs tca`ça gitrjduzgrca ijvjs kifcpsuncakitjs. Sucidj j Fknkrji Akidjfgij ejg nciìcdj, knk krc kifjitrcdjs ka djgs tgpjs dk kifcpsuncakitj= kifcpsuncakitj= VKRR Vnjt 3 3 (mã ajstrcdj) k RRLC sjquktk 6<2 (eglurc 43).

Fknkrji

Dctc dk nciìca nciìcakitj= kitj= 3777 Iýakrj dk trcisgstjrks= <.222.222 Erkquíifgc aãxgac= ;;2 AHz (Vnjt C) C) / 8;2 AHz (Vjfokt 6<2) 6<2) Tcacihj dj rklgstrj dc FR[= 60 `gts Tcacihj dj @[V kxtkrij= 54 `gts Dkpjgs dj nciìcakitj dj Rkitgua GG, c Gitkn fcifknju c ec`rgfcìæj dj Rkitgua AAX, j quk c ekz pkrdkr pcrtk dj akrfcdj pcrc c CAD (fja j O5) k Fyrgx (fja j 5x85), quk fustcvca fkrfc dc aktcdk dk ua Rkitgua GG dk aksaj fnjfo k k cprkskitcvca dkskapkihj dkskapkihj ua pjufj giekrgjr. Rcrc Rcr c rkf rkfupk upkrcr rcr kss kssc c pcr pcrfk fknc nc dk ak akrf rfcd cdj, j, c Gitkn nciìju j Fknkrji (fjdgijak Fjivgiltji), quk icdc acgs krc quk j Rkitgua GG fja akijs rkfursjs. Knk iæj pjssuác fcfhk N0 k krc acgs nkitj quk j Rkitgua GG, qucidj fjapcrcdjs ka vkrsûks dk aksaj fnjfo . Tca`ça iæj pjssuác givönufrj pnãstgfj. Rjstkrgjrakitk c Gitkn nciìju j Fknkrji 622C (fj (fjdgij dgijak ak Akidjfgij), fja aksaj kifcpsuncakitj (eglurc 42), quk mã vgihc fja 308 o@ dk fcfhk N0 gitklrcdj k ctucidj â aksac erkquíifgc dj prjfksscdjr (622 AHz ‖ j EV@ krc dk 55 AHz). 55 AHz).

Eglurc 43 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríifgc dj Gitkn Fknkrji Akidjfgij fja sjquktk RRLC 6<2.

Rjstkrgjrakitk, fjaj c Gitkn dksfjitgiuju j ajdknj dk snjt 3 3 k acitkvk cpkics j ajdknj sjfokt 6<2, 6<2, ec`rgfc ec`rgfcitks itks gidkpkidkitks dkskivjnvkrca k fjakrfgcngzcrca uac pncfc pcrc cdcptcr j sjfokt 6<2 6<2 pcrc j ejractj snjt 3 3 (eglurc 40).

Eglurc 42 ‖ Kxkapnj dc cpcríifgc dj Gitkn Fknkrji 622C.

Vurlgrca kitæj jutrjs ajdknjs dk acgjr quk iæ iæj j cq cquk ukfg fgca ca tc tcit itj j qu quci citj tj js fnjfo quk Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

6 <2 Eglurc 40 ‖ Kxkapnj dk pncfc cdcptcdjrc dk sjfokt 6<2 pcrc snjt 3. 3. 0;


Uãrgjs Uãrg js ju jutr trjs js aj ajdk dknj njss dk Fk Fknk nkrj rji i (f (fja jaj jj Aj`gnk, A ktf.), fja dgekrkitks tgpjs dk iýfnkjs (fjaj Tu Tucnctgicnctgi-0;5, 0;5, \gnncakt \gnncakttk-308 tk-308,, Ijrthw Ijrthwjjdjjd308 30 8 kt ktf. f.)) k ju jutr trjs js tgtgpj pjss dk sj sjqu qukt ktks ks (f (fja jaj j 4< 4<8 8k <<;), ejrca surlgidj fja j pcsscr dj tkapj.

Rkitgua 4

Dctc= 0222 c 0225 Iýakrj dk trcisgstjrks= 40.222.222 Tcacihj dj rklgstrj dc FR[= 60 `gts Tcacihj dj @[V kxtkrij= 54 `gts

Rkitgua GGG

J Rkitgua 4 fjrrkspjidk â qugitc lkrcìæj dk agfrjprjfksscdjrks fja crqugtkturc x85 ec`rgfcdjs pknc Gitkn. Cpkscr dk tkr sgdj frgcdj dj zkrj dksdk j giáfgj (fja ijakija k-fö födg dglj lj dk \gn \gnnca ncakt kttk tk), ), j qu quk k iæ iæj j cfjitkfgc dksdk j Rkitgua Rrj, j dkskapkihj dkstk ijvj prjfksscdjr cfc`ju egfcidj c`cgxj dk prjfksscdjrks dc lkrcìæj citkrgjr. Ejg ikstk pkrájdj ka quk sk dku j acgjr fja`ctk fja`ct k kitrk c Gitkn k CAD pknc ngdkrciìc ngdkrciìc ij akrfcdj dk prjfksscdjrks. Ikssk fja`ctk, c CAD scgu vkifkdjrc. vkifkdjrc. C ýn ýntgtgac ac vk vkrsæ rsæj j dj Rk Rkit itgu gua a 4 (sç (sçrgrgk k 5x3) kaprklju j iýfnkj "Fkdcr Agnn" ( eglurc 44 ) k ejg nciìcdc pjr vjntc dk 0225. Fjistruádj fja c tkfijnjlgc dk 5; ia, cprkskitcvc akijr fjisuaj dk kikrlgc k akijr cqukfgakitj. cqukf gakitj. Kaprklcvc Kaprklcvc Vjqukt Vjquktk k T (NLC <<;), pjssuác gistruìûks dk 54 `gts, EV@ dk 822 AHz k Fcfhk N0 dk 0 A@, fja erkquíifgc dk prjfksscakitj dk 6.2 LHz ctç 6.8 LHz.

Dctc= 3777 c 0226 Iýakrj dk trcisgstjrks= 8.022.222 Erkquíifgc aãxgac= 3 LHz (Vnjt C) C) / 3.36 LHz (Vjfokt 6<2) 6<2) Tcacihj dj rklgstrj dc FR[= 60 `gts Tcacihj dj @[V kxtkrij= 54 `gts Fjaj skaprk ekz, c Gitkn nciìju vãrgcs vkrsûks dj Rkitgua GGG, GGG, kaprklcidj dgekrkitks iýfnkjs, tcacihjs dk fcfhk N0, erkquíifgcs dk jpkrcìæj, tkisûks dk cngakitcìæj k kifcpsuncakitj (snjt 3 3 k sjfokt 6<2). 6<2). @csgfc @cs gfcaki akitk, tk,js js ajd ajdknj knjss fji fjisgs sgstgc tgca a ka vkr vkr-sûks fncssgegfcdcs fjaj @, K, k K@, cnça dj ajdknj „ijracn‑. Rjr kxkapnj, j ajdknj fja iýfnkj Octacg Oct acg, dk dk0;2 0;2ia ia(i (iciô ciôakt aktrj rjs) s),, pjs pjssu suác ácN0 N0dk dk;30 ;30 o@ â aktcdk dc erkquíifgc dj prjfksscdjr, tgihc kifcpsuncakitj snjt 3, 3, jpkrcvc fja EV@ dk 322 AHzz (a AH (ajd jdkn knj j „i „ijr jrac acn‑n‑)) ju judk dk 36 366 6 AH AHzz (a (ajd jdkn knj j @) @).. Kitæj Kit æj,, c er erkq kquí uíif ifgc gcdj djpr prjf jfks kssc scdj djrr, dk dkcf cfjr jrdj dj fj fja a j aj ajdk dknj nj,, gc dj djss 4; 4;2 2 AH AHzz cj cjss 52 522 2 AH AHz. z. Vk tj tjac acra rajs js,, pjr pjrkx kxkap kapnj nj,, j Rk Rkitg itgua ua GGGGGG-VN VN ;LS, ;L S, aj ajst strc rcdj dj ic eg j`skrv krvcrk crkajs ajs,, pknc eglu lurc rc 46, j`s gisfrg gis frgìæj ìæjprk prkski skitk tk ka sku skukif kifcps cpsunc uncaki akitj, tj,quk quk c erkquíifgc dk jpkrcìæj ç dk 3366 AHz? j fcfhk N0, dk 0;5 o@? j EV@, dk 366 AHz? k c tkisæj dk cngak cn gakitc itcìæ ìæj, j, dk 3,4 3,4<; <;U U (j iýf iýfnkj nkj ç Tucn ucnctg ctgi) i)..

Eglurc 44 ‖ Kxkapnj dk ua Rkitgua 4.

Eglurc 46 ‖ Kxkapnj dk ua Rkitgua GGG-VN ;LS.

Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

05


Rcrc egegic Rcrc icngngzc zcrr, ç `j `ja a ak akif ifgj gjic icrr qu quk k js pr prjjfksscdjrks Rkitgua 4 kaprklcvca ua EV@ (er trcise isekrg krgc c quc quctrj trj gie giejra jracìû cìûks ks erji jitt sg sgdk dk ù ùs s) quk trc pjr punsj dk fnjfo (ic (ic jidc qucdrcdc, fcdc giejracìæj trcisekrgdc fjrrkspjidk c ua djs gistcitks= dk su`gdc, pgfj, dksfgdc k vcnk). Dkssc acikg aci kgrc rc,, cs er erkq kquíi uíifg fgcs cs gi gidg dgfc fcdc dcss fj fjaj aj EV EV@ @ dk 422, 42 2, ;6 ;66, 6, 82 822, 2, k 32 3255 55 AH AHzz sæ sæj, j, ic rk rkcn cngd gdcd cdk, k, `c `c-skcdcs skc dcs ics erk erkquí quíifg ifgcs cs quc qucdrc drcdcs dcs (EV (EV@ @ rkc rkcn)n) dk 322, 32 2, 36 366, 6, 02 022, 2, k 05 055 5 AH AHz, z, rk rksp spkf kftgtgvc vcak akit itk, k, au aunntgpngfcdcs pknj iýakrj dk giejracìûks (4) trcisekrg ek rgdc dcss pj pjrr pu puns nsj j dk fnjfo . Nk Nka` a`rk rk-s -sk k qu quk k gs gssj sj ej ejgg dksfrgtj qucidj kstudcajs cs akaörgcs.

Kstks prjfksscdjrks giculurcrca ua ijvj ajakitj dc gidýstrgc dk prjfksscdjrks= js auntg-fjrk. Fjrk 0

Dctc= 0225 Erkquíifgc dj Rrjfksscdjr= 3666 AHz c 0766 AHz Erkquíifgc dj `crrcakitj= ;66 AHz c 3255 AHz Crqugtkturc= 5; ia Agfrjcrqugtkturc= Fjrk Vjquktk Vjqu ktks= s= Vjqu Vjquktk ktk T, Vjq Vjquktk uktk A, Vjquktk R Iýfnkj Iýf nkjs= s= Cnn Cnnkid kidcnk, cnk, Fji Fjirjk rjk,, Akr Akrja ja k Okitsegknd

Rkitgua D

Dctc= 022; Erkquíifgc dj Rrjfksscdjr= 0555 AHz c 6522 AHz Erkquíifgc dj `crrcakitj= ;66 AHz ju 822 AHz Vjfokt = NLC <<;

Fjisgstk iuac dcs lkrcìûks acgs rkfkitks dk prjfks prjfksscdjrk scdjrks, s, tkidj sgdj nciìcdc pknc Gitkn ka 0225. C kitrcdc dkssc ijvc lkrcìæj cpjskitju (tkapjrcrgcakitk) c acrfc Rkitgua, quk J Rk Rkit itgu gua a D ka kapr prkl klc c iý iýfn fnkj kj Va Vagtgthe hegk gknd nd ju mã vgihc vgih c skidj uscdc dksdk dk sdk 3776. iýfnkj Rrksnkr. Fjaj, ka vkrdcdk, j iýfnkj Cpkscr dk skr j sufkssjr dj Rkitgua 4, Vagthegknd fjrrkspjidk c djgs iýfnkjs Rrksfjtt suc crqugtkturc ejg `cskcdc prgifgpcnakitk ij ajitcdjs muitjs k j iýfnkj Rrksnkr fjrrkspjidk Rkitgua GGG. c djgs iýfnkjs Fkdcr Agnn ajitcdjs muitjs, fcdc Dkitrk tjdjs js ajdknjs dc ecaángc Fjrk Rkitgu Rki tgua a D fj fjrr rrks kspj pjidk idk,, ic rk rkcng cngdcd dcdk, k, c djg djgss Rki Rki-- 0, js acgs fjauis k fjihkfgdjs sæj js Fjrk tgtgui uiss 4 aj ajit itcd cdjs js ka ua ýi ýigf gfj j ki kifc fcps psun unca caki kitj tj.. 0 Duj (fja iýfnkj dupnj, kxkapngegfcdj ic egJ Rk Rkit itgu gua a D (p (pcr crcn cnkn knca caki kitk tk fj fja a j lurc 45), js Fjrk 0 Sucd (fja iýfnkj quãRkitgua Kxtrkak Kdgtgji) ejg j prgakgrj prj- drupnj), Fjrk 0 Kxtrkak (vkrsûks fja 0 ju 4 fksscdjr pcrc fjaputcdjrks dksotjp c skr iýfnkjs) k Fjrk 0 Vjnj (fja iýfnkj sgapnks, (iýfnkj kj aýntgpnj). aýntgpnj). C eglurc 4; gnustrc Akrji-N, pcrc pjrtãtkgs). auntg-fjrk (iýfn c cpcríifgc dk ua Rkitgua D.

Eglurc 4; ‖ Kxkapnj dk ua Rkitgua D.


Eglurc 45 ‖ Kxkapnj dk ua Fjrk 0 Duj.

0<


Js prjfksscdjrks Fjrk 0 Duj pjssuáca fursjs, j VpkkdVtkp rkduz c vjntclka k j fnjfo iýfnkjs dgvkrsjs, fjaj Fjirjk, Cnnkidcnk k dj prjfksscdjr, dgagiugidj j fjisuaj dk kikr\jnedcnk, \jned cnk, (pcrc agfrj agfrjss dksotjp) k Akrji, lg lgc c k `c `cgx gxci cidj dj c tk tkapk apkrc rctu turc rc djs fj fjap apji jiki kitk tks. s. Wjich k Rkiryi (pcrc pjrtãtkgs). Rjstkr Rjs tkrgjra gjrakitk kitk ejr ejrca ca nciì nciìcdjs cdjsj j Wjro jroegkn egknd dk - Tkfijnjlgc Kxkfutk Dgsc`nk j "Ok "Okits itsegk egknd" nd",, ks kstk tk ýn ýntga tgaj j ua Fj Fjir irjk jk "d "dupn upngf gfcd cdj", j", @csgfcakitk @csgf cakitk,, kstc tkfij tkfijnjlgc njlgc pkragt pkragtk k pcrc ejracr ua iýfnkj quãdrupnj, c skr kaprk- quk j prjfksscdjr fncssgegquk ãrkcs ic aklcdj ij Fjrk 0 Sucd (eglurc 4<). Cpkscr dj aörgc, `cskcidj-sk ij njfcn jidk j födglj dj "\jjdf "\j jdfrks rkst", t", prj prjfks fksscd scdjr jr pcr pcrc c skr skrvgd vgdjrks jrks k kst kstcc- cpngfctgvj pjdk ju iæj pjdk skr kxkfutcdj. ìûks ìû ks dk tr trc`c c`cnhj nhj,, sk skrr `c `csk skcdj cdj ic aks aksac ac cr crqug qugtktk- Cssga, qucidj ua várus acn-gi acn-gitkifgj tkifgjicdj icdj turc tu rcdj dj Fj Fjrk rk0, 0, kn knk k ej ejgg `c `ctgtgzc zcdj djfj fja a c ac acrf rfc c Xk Xkji ji,, tkitc giskrgr ua födglj ij ùeekr , j prjfksscquk qu k mã kr krc c us uscd cdc c pk pknc nc Gi Gitk tknn pc pcrc rc ks kstk tk sk skla laki kitj tj.. djr dksctgvc c kxkfuìæj dj födglj, kvgtcidj prkmuázjs k c dgsskagicìæj dj várus. - Tkfijnjlgc Hypkr-Thrkcdgil (HT) (HT) C tkf tkfijn ijnjlg jlgc c HT pkragt pkragtk k quk ua prjfks prjfksscscdjrr sk dj skmc mc vg vgst stj j pk pknj nj sg sgst stka kac c jp jpkr krcf cfgj gjic icnn k cp cpngngfc fctgtg-vjs fjaj sk ejsska djgs. Ka jutrcs pcncvrcs, kxgs kx gstk tk c sg sgau aunc ncìæ ìæj j dc kx kxgs gstí tíif ifgc gc dk ju jutr trj j pr prjf jfks ks-scdj sc djrr (j (ju u iý iýfn fnkj kj vg vgrt rtuc ucn) n).. Ka ua sg sgst stka kac c fj fjau aua, a, pjr kxkapnj, pcrc rkcngzcr ducs tcrkecs, j prjfksscdjr dgvgdgrã suc ctucìæj kitrk kncs. Mã fja HT, j sgstkac „pkisc‑ quk kxgstka djgs prjfksscdj sc djrk rkss k ki kivg vgc c ua uac c tc tcrk rkec ec pc pcrc rc fc fcdc dc ua dk dknk nks. s.

Eglurc 4< ‖ Kxkapnj dk ua Fjrk 0 Sucd.

Fjrk g6, g; k g<

Dctc= 0227 - Tkfijnjlgc Tur`j @jjst Kssc Kss c tkf tkfijn ijnjlg jlgc c fji fjisgs sgstk, tk, `cs `csgfc gfcaki akitk, tk, ka ua jvkrfnjfo cu cutj tjaã aãtgtgfj fj.. Su Suci cidj dj c fc fcrl rlc c dk tr trcc`cnhj dj usuãrgj kxglgr dkskapkihj cdgfgjicn, k hjuvkr fjidgìûks pcrc tcn, c erkquíifgc dj prjfkss fk sscd cdjr jr cu cuaki akitc tcrã rã dg dgic icagf agfca caki kitk tk ct ctç ç quk j ngng-agtk supkrgjr dk erkquíifgc skmc cnfciìcdj. Ç fncr fn crj j qu quk k gs gssj sj dk dkpk pkid idk k dk cn cnlu luis is ec ectj tjrk rks, s, fj fjaj aj,, pjrr kx pj kxka kapnj pnj,, iýa iýakr krj j dk iý iýfn fnkjs kjsctg ctgvj vjs, s, fj fjis isuaj uaj dk fjrrkitk k tkapkrcturc dj prjfksscdjr.

Ç c acgs rkfkitk ecaángc dk prjfksscdjrks dc Gitkn k quk ka 0233 kifjitrc-sk ic skluidc lkrcìæj (ju rkvgsæj rkvgsæj). ). @csgfcakitk, ikstc ecaángc dk prjfksscdjrks, js g< skrgca js prjfksscdjrks dk cntc pkrejracif ac ifk, k,js jsg6 g6dk dkak akij ijrr pj pjdk dkrr k js jsg; g;gi gitk tkra rakd kdgã gãrgrgjs js.. Væj Væ j au augtgtcs cs cs tk tkfi fijn jnjl jlgc gcss qu quk k pj pjdk dka a ks kstc tcr r prkskitks ka ua ju jutrj dkssks prjfksscdjrks. rk s. Uca cajs js fj fjak akit itcr cr sj sj`r `rk k cn cnlu luac acss dk dknc ncss k dk dk-pjgs, cprkskitcr cs prgifgpcgs fcrcftkrástgfcs dk fcdc ngihc dk prjfksscdjrks.

- Tkfijnjlgc dk Ugrtucngzcìæj C vgrtucngzcìæj pkragtk j`tkr aýntgpncs aãqugics vgrtucgs, ka quk fcdc aãqugic vgrtucn tu cn tka sku pröprgj hcrdwcrk vgrtucn (PCA, FR[ ktf.) ij qucn ua sgstkac jpkrcfgjicn k cpngfcìûks sæj fcrrklcdjs. Ic vgrtucngzcìæj ç pjssávkn pjssá vkn tkr vãrgjs sgstkacs jpkrcfgjicgs jpkrcfgjicgs trc`cnhc `c nhcid idj j ka pc pcrc rcnk nknj, nj, fc fcdc dc ua fj fja a vã vãrg rgjs js pr prjjlrcacs dgstgitjs ka kxkfuìæj. Fcdc sgstkac

- Tkfijnjlgc Kihcifkd VpkkdVtkp Ç ua uac c tk tkfi fijn jnjl jlgc gc dc Gi Gitk tknn qu quk k lk lkrk rkif ifgc gc eu euiiìûks dj prjfksscdjr pcrc uac acgjr kegfgíifgc ka kf kfji jija jagc gc dk kik kikrl rlgc gc k rk rkse serg rgca cakit kitj j (` (`cs csgf gfccakit ak itk k ec eczz j ak aksa saj j qu quk k c tk tkfi fijn jnjl jlgc gc Fjjn'i'Sugt , dc CAD). Rjr kxkapnj, qucidj j fjaputcdjr iæj kstã skidj utgngzcdj ju uscidj pjufjs rkFursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

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• Vupjrtk c akaörgcs DDP6 ctç 3255 AHz (ajdknjs pcrc ijtk`jjos) ju ctç 3666 AHz (ajdknjs pcrc dksotjp)? • Fjitrjncdjr RFG Kxprkss 0.2 kaùtgdj (uac pgstc x35)? • Fjitrjncdjr lrãegfj kaùtgdj, ka cnluis ajdknjs, rjdcidj rjdcidj c ;22 AHz ijs ajdknjs pcrc <66 6 AH AHzz ij ijss aj ajdk dknj njss pc pcrc rc dksotjp? ijtk`jjos k <6 • Tkfijnjlgc dk Ugrtucngzcìæj? • Tkfijnjlgc Gitkn KA54T KA54T?? • Tkfijnjlgc Hypkr-Thrkcdgil (HT)? (HT)? • Gistruìûks VVK4.0? • Gistruìûks CKV-IGV? • Tkfijnjlgc Kxkfutk Dgsc`nk? • Tkfijnjlgc Kihcifkd VpkkdVtkp.

jpkrcf jpkr cfgj gjic icnn rj rjdc dc ka ua pr prjf jfks kssc scdj djrr vg vgrt rtuc ucn,n, ju skmc, ka uac aãqugic vgrtucn. - Fjrk g6 Ç j pr prjf jfks kssc scdj djrr dk ak akij ijrr pj pjdk dkrr dc ec ecaá aángngc, c, dkstgic dks tgicdj dj c dksotjps x85 x85-54 -54.. [tgn [tgngzc gzc c agf agfrjcr rjcrqugqugtkturc Ikhcnka k pjssug j rkfursj Hypkr-Thrkcdgil , quk nhk pkragtk sgauncr c kxgstíifgc dk ua acgjr iýakrj dk iýfnkjs (pjssug djgs iýfnkjs eásgf gfjs js - rk rkcg cgss - k pj pjdk dk sga gaun uncr cr c kx kxgs gstí tíif ifgc gc dk ac acgs gs djgs iýfnkjs - vgrtucgs), eczkidj fja quk j dkskapkih ska pkihj j dj prj prjfks fksscd scdjr jr cua cuakitk kitk.. Ctucnak Ctuc nakitk itk ç ec` ec`rgf rgfcdj cdj fja tçfigfc tçfigfc dk 60 ia, kaprklc sjquktks NLC 33;5, RLC-778 ju @LC3 @L C308 088. 8.C C cr crqu qugtk gtktu turc rc dk fj fjau auig igfc fcìæ ìæj j EV EV@ @ ej ejgg su`stgtuádc pknc DAG (Dgrkft Akdgc Gitkrecfk), j fjisuaj kifjitrc-sk kitrk 38 \ (ajdknj 662 [A)) k <6 \ (aj [A ajdk dknj nj ;5 ;52, 2, pj pjrr kx kxka kapn pnj) j) k ec eczz us usj j dk trís iávkgs dk fcfhk (N3, N0 k N6). Dk ajdj lkrcn, j Fjrk g6 ç dkstgicdj c dksotjp, k jekrkfk ua dkskapkihj augtj `ja, quk sk cprjxgac ju aksaj untrcpcssc j dkskapkihj djs acgs rãpgdjs prjfksscdjrks Fjrk 0 Duj. Ç fncrj quk j dkskapkihj dkstk dkstk prjfksscdjr ç akijr qucidj fjapcrcdj fja js Fjrks g; ju g<, acs j g6 cprkskitc uac `jc rkncìæj fustj x `kikeáfgj k j vcnjr dk vkidc ç `ka akijr quk skus „graæjs acgjrks‑. Cs prgifgpcgs fcrcftkrástgfcs djs prjfksscdjrks djs Fjrk g6 sæj= • Agfrjcrqugtkturc Ikhcnka? • Rrjfkssj dk ec`rgfcìæj dk 60 ia? • Djgs iýfnkjs? • 54 o@ dk fcfhk N3 (60 o@ dk dcdjs + 60 o@ dk gistruìûks) pjr iýfnkj? • 0;5 o@ dk fcfhk N0 pjr iýfnkj? • 6 A@ (pcrc ijtk`jjos) ju 4 A@ (pcrc fjapcrtgnhcdj? dksotjps) dk fcfhk N6 fjapcrtgnhcdj? • Vjquktk 33;5 ijs prjfksscdjrks pcrc sjquktkss 3088 ju 788 ijs ajdknjs dksotjp k sjquktk pcrc ijtk`jjos? • @crrcakitj DAG (0 L@/s)? • Fjitrjncdjr dk akaörgc gitklrcdj supjrtcidj crqugtkturc dk djgs fcicgs (cfkssj dk djgs aödunjs dk akaörgc fjiskfutgvcakitk)? Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

- Fjrk g; J prgakgrj ajdknj dc sçrgk ejg j Fjrk g; <;2, <; 2, fj fja a sj sjqu qukt ktk k NL NLC C 33; 3;5 5 (sjfokt H), erk erkquí quíiifgc fg c dk 0, 0,55 55 LH LHz, z, 4 iý iýfn fnkj kjss (S (Suc ucdd-Fj Fjrk rk), ), cn cnga gakikitcìæj dk 2,5; U c 3,4 U, fcfhk N6 dk 8 A@ k supjrtk c akaörgcs DDP6-3666 Ducn Fhciikn . J Fjrk g; vka fja ua fjitrjncdjr RFG Kxprkss 0.2 x35 gitklrcdj. Gssj sgligegfc quk c pncfc dk vádkj RFG-Kxprkss skrã fcpcz dk sk fjauigfcr dgrktcakitk fja j prjfksscdjr (pjr uac gitkrecfk DAG - Dgrkft Akdgc Gitkrecfk, quk usc djgs fcicgs dk dcdjs skpcrcdjs, ua pcrc c trcisagssæj k jutrj pcrc c rkfkpìæj) ska tkr dk eczí-nj pjr gitkraçdgj dj fhgpskt . Gssj rksuntc ka uac lrcidk vcitclka ka prjfksscakitj lrãegfj. Cs prgifgpcgs fcrcftkrástgfcs tçfigfcs djs Fjrk g; sæj= • Agfrjcrqugtkturc Ikhcnka? • Rr Rrjf jfks kssj sjdk dkec ec`r `rgf gfcì cìæj æjdk dk60 60ia iaju ju4; 4;ia ia?? • Djgs ju quctrj iýfnkjs? iýfnkjs? • 54 o@ dk fcfhk N3 (60 o@ dk dcdjs + 60 o@ dk gistruìûks) pjr iýfnkj? • 0;5 o@ dk fcfhk N0 pjr iýfnkj? • 6 A@, 4 A@ ju 8 A@ dk fcfhk N6 fjapcrtgnhcdj? • Vjquktk 33;5 ijs prjfksscdjrks pcrc dksotjp, sjquktks 788 ju 3088 ijs ajdknjs pcrc ijtk`jjos? 07


• @crrcakitj DAG (0 L@/s)? • Fjitrjncdjr dk akaörgc gitklrcdj supjrtcidj crqugtkturc dk djgs fcicgs? • Vupjrtk c akaörgcs DDP6 ctç 3255 AHz (ajdknjs pcrc ijtk`jjos) ju ctç 3666 AHz (ajdknjs pcrc dksotjp)? • Fjitrjncdjr RFG Kxprkss 0.2 kaùtgdj (uac pgstc x35 ju ducs x8, ka ajdknjs ska prjfksscdjr dk vádkj gitklrcdj)? • Fjitrjncdjr lrãegfj kaùtgdj ka cnluis ajdknjs, rjdcidj c ;22 AHz, <66 AHz ju 722 AHz? • Tkfijnjlgc Tur`j @jjst ? • Tkfijnjlgc dk Ugrtucngzcìæj? • Tkfijnjlgc Tkfijnjlgc Gitkn KA54T? • Tkfijnjlgc Hypkr-Thrkcdgil (HT) (HT) ka cnluis ajdknjs (sgaunc c kxgstíifgc dk acgs iýfnkjs)? • Gistruìûks VVK4.0? • Gistruìûks CKV-IGV (ijs ajdknjs dk 60 ia sjakitk)? • Tkfijnjlgc Kxkfutk Dgsc`nk? • Tkfijnjlgc Kihcifkd VpkkdVtkp?

• Rr Rrjf jfks kssj sjdk dkec ec`r `rgf gfcì cìæj æjdk dk60 60ia iaju ju4; 4;ia ia?? • Djgs, quctrj ju skgs iýfnkjs? • 54 o@ dk fcfhk N3 (60 o@ dk dcdjs + 60 o@ dk gistruìûks) gistruìûks) pjr iýfnkj? • 0;5 o@ dk fcfhk N0 pjr iýfnkj? • 4 A@, 5 A@, 8 A@ ju 30 A@ dk fcfhk N6 fjapcrtgnhcdj? • Vjquktk 3655 ju 33;5 ijs prjfksscdjrks pcrc dksotjps, sjquktks 788 ju 3088 ijs ajdknjs pcrc ijtk`jjos? • @crrcakitj SRG rjdcidj c 0,4 LHz (4,8 L@/s) ju c 6,0 LHz (5,4 L@/s) ijs ajdknjs sjquktk 3655? • @crrcakitj DAG @crrcakitj DAG (0 L@/s) ijs ajdknjs sjquktk 33;5, 788 k 3088? • Fji Fjitr trjnc jncdjr djr dk aka akaör örgc gc git gitkl klrcd rcdj j su supjr pjr-tcidj tc idj cr crqug qugtkt tktur urc c dk dj djgs gs fc fcicg icgss (s (sjq jqukt uktks ks 33;5 3;5,, 788 k 3088) ju trís fcicgs (sjquktk 3655)? • Vupjrtk c akaörgcs DDP6 ctç 3255 AHz (sjquktk 3655) ju ctç 3666 AHz (sjquktks 33;5, 788 k 3088)? • Fjitrjncdjr RFG Kxprkss 0.2 kaùtgdj ijs ajdknjs sjquktk 33;5, 788 k 3088 (uac pgstc x35 ju ducs x8)? • Fjitrjncdjr lrãegfj kaùtgdj ka cnluis ajdknjs pcrc ijtk`jjos? • Tkfijnjlgc Tur`j @jjst? • Tkfijnjlgc dk Ugrtucngzcìæj? • Tkfijnjlgc Gitkn KA54T KA54T?? • Tkfijnjlgc Hypkr-Thrkcdgil (HT)? (HT)? • Gistruìûks VVK4.0? • Gistruìûks CKV-IGV (ijs ajdknjs dk 60 ia sjakitk)? • Tkfijnjlgc Kxkfutk Dgsc`nk? • Tkfijnjlgc Kihcifkd VpkkdVtkp.

- Fjrk g< Kstc ecaángc dk prjfksscdjrks kifjitrcsk dgspjiávkn ka quctrj dgekrkitks sjquktks= -NLC3655= fja crqugtkturc dk akaörgc dk trís fcicgs (cfkssc trís aödunjs dk akaörgc fjiskfutgvcakitk) k `crrcakitj SRG (cnlj fjaj „gitkrfjSugfoRcth Gitkrfjiikft (cnlj ikxæj dk fcagihj rãpgdj‑), quk ejrikfk ducs pgstcs skpcrcdcs dk fjauigfcìæj, pjssg`gngtcidj trcisagtgr („ksfrkvkr‑) k rkfk`kr („nkr‑) dcdjs sgauntcikcakitk. -NLC33;5= crqugtkturc dk akaörgc dk djgs fcicgs, fjitrjncdjr RFG Kxprkss 0.2 k `crrcakitj DAG? -RLC788= pcrc ijtk`jjos (aksacs fcrcftkrástgfcs dj NLC33;5)? -@LC3088= pcrc ijtk`jjos (aksacs fcrcftkrástgfcs dj NLC33;5). Cs prgifgpcgs fcrcftkrástgfcs djs prjfksscdjrks Fjrk g< sæj= • Agfrjcrqugtkturc Ikhcnka? Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - Cu Cunc 0

Cprkskitcajs, ctç cqug, uac u ac vgsæj lkrcn djs prjfksscdjrks quk mã ejrca k sæj kaprklcdjs ka fjaputcdjrks „pkssjcgs‑, tjacidj pjr `csk js dkskivjnvgdjs pknc Gitkn. Fjaj ç nölgfj dk kspkrcr, augtcs audciìcs cgidc surlgræj ikstk sklakitj, ajtgvj ajtgvj pknj qucn jrgkitcajs ijssjs cnuijs quk skaprk prjfurka sk acitkr ctucngzcdjs fja cs ijvcs tkfijnjlgcs quk væj surlgi surlgidj. dj. 62


UKMC VK CRPKIDK[ ‖ C[NC 0 3) Rrjfksscdjrks Rrjfksscdjrks fjaj j Fjrk g; k g< jpkrca fja tcacihj dk pcncvr pcncvrc c dk= c) ( ) 8 `gts `) ( ) 35 `gts f) ( ) 60 `gts d) ( ) 54 `gts 0) [a prjfksscdjr jpkrc fja fnjfo `csk `csk dk 366 AHz k usc auntgpngfcdjr 02. J vcnjr dj fnjfo gitkrij skrã dk= c) ( ) 3,6 3,66 6 LH LHzz `) ( ) 055 0552 2 AH AHzz f) ( ) 2, 2,05 055 5 LHz LHz d) ( ) 0,7 0,76 6 LH LHzz 6) Ij fgrfugtj knktrôigfj dc [igdcdk dk Fjitrjnk kifjitrc-sk kifjitrc-sk lrcvcdj j fjimuitj dk gistruìûks (uac kspçfgk dk ngstc) dj quk dkvk eczkr. Fcdc uac dksscs gistruìûks ç gdkitgegfcdc pjr ua födglj `giãrgj dk jpkrcìæ jpkrcìæj, j, fjihkfgdj fjaj= c) ( ) JR JRFJ FJDK DK `) ( ) [pF [pFJD JDK K f) ( ) [R [RFJ FJPK PK d) ( ) JR JRFJ FJPK PK 4) C vknjfgdcdk dk ua prjfksscdjr, ka tkrajs dk tcrkecs rkcngzcdcs ka euiìæj dj tkapj, pjdk skr akdgdc ka AGRV (agnhûks dk gistruìûks pjr skluidj) ju AENJRV. Kstk ýntgaj tkraj sgligegfc= c) ( ) agnhcrks agnhcrks dk gistruìûk gistruìûkss dk pjitj pjitj enutucitk enutucitk pjr skluid skluidj j `) ( ) agnhcrks agnhcrks dk gistruìûk gistruìûkss pjr skluidj f) ( ) agnhûks agnhûks dk dk gistruìûk gistruìûkss pjr agiutj d) ( ) agnhûks agnhûks dk gistruìûk gistruìûkss dk pjitj pjitj enutucitk enutucitk pjr skluid skluidj j ;) Iua prjfksscdjr, c pcrtk rkspjisãvkn pjr rkcngzcr c gitkrecfk knçtrgfc k akfàigfc pcrc quk j prjfksscdjr pjssc gitkrclgr fja j rkstj dj sgstkac ç fhcacdc dk= c) ( ) Fjrk `) ( ) GH GHV V f) ( ) Dgk d) ( ) Vu Vu`s `str trct ctj j 5) C gdkgc dk eczkr fja quk j prjfksscdjr craczkik ka uac pkqukic uigdcdk dk akaörgc VPCA js dcdjs quk skræj kaprklcdjs fja acgjr erkquíifgc, rkduzgidj cssga j tkapj dk cfkssj cjs dcdjs quk kstcrgca ic akaörgc PCA, dku jrglka c ua sgstkac quk ç fjauakitk kaprklcdj. Kssk sgstkac dk akaörgc ç fjihkfgdj fjaj= c) ( ) GH GHV V `) ( ) VK VKFF FF f) ( ) Fcfhk d) ( ) JR JRFJ FJDK DK Pkspjstc dj Ukmc sk Cprkidku - Cunc 3 3-` 0-` 6-c 4-f ;- d 5- d <-f 8-c 7-c 32-f 33-d 30-c 36-f 34-c 3;-c J@V= C rkspjstc dj Ukmc sk Cprkidku - Cunc 0, sk kifjitrc ij egicn dj Ukmc sk Cprkidku Cprkidku - Cunc 6. Fursj dk Ajitclka k Aciutkiìæj dk Fjaputcdjrks - C un unc 0

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Curso de Montagem e Manutenção de Computadores - Aula 2

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