cultural and education rights article 29 and 30

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CONSTITUTION CULTURAL CULTURAL AND EDUCA EDUC ATIONAL IONAL RIGHTS RIGHTS (Article 29 and 30)

Submitted To: To: -

Sr!ti "edi

Submitted By: -

Dr.

A#AN "A$A$ "c%& LL" (H%n')

23*+ SECTION D Page | 1

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ,ritin- a r%/ect i' %ne % te &%'t 'i-niicant acade&ic callen-e' I a1e e1er aced. T%!- ti' r%/ect a' een re'ented  &e !t tere are &an e%le 4% re&ained in 1eil5 4% -a1e teir all '!%rt and eled &e t% c%&lete ti' r%/ect. 6ir't % all I a& 1er -rate!l t% & S!/ect Teacer Dr. Sr!ti "edi5 4it%!t te 7ind '!%rt % 4%& and el te c%&leti%n % r%/ect 4a' a erc!lean ta'7 %r &e. I a& 1er tan7!l t% te Lirarian 4% r%1ided &e 'e1eral %%7' %n ti' t%ic. I ac7n%4led-e & riend' 4% -a1e teir 1al!ale and &etic!l%!' ad1ice 4ic 4a' 1er !'e!l and c%!ld n%t e i-n%red in 4ritinte r%/ect. I al'% %4e 'ecial tan7' t% & arent' %r teir 'elle'' el 4ic 4a' 1er !'e!l in  rearin- te r%/ect.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS TA"LE O6 CONTENT 3 CASES

8

I NTRODUCTION + ARTICLE 29 (*)



ARTICLE 29 (2)



ARTICLE 30 (*)

:

ARTICLE 30 (2)

*2

DI66ERENCE

*3

CONCLUSION

*8

"I"ILOGRA;H<

*

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TABLE OF CASES  Jagdev Singh Sidhanti v. partap Singh Dhauta…………………………………..6   D. A.V College Jullunder v State of Punjab………………………………………6  State of Madras v Champaam…………………………………………………….!  State of "omba# v "omba# $du%ation So%iet#…………………………………..&  'e the (erala $du%ation "ill……………………………………………………) *.M.A PA+ ,-/DA*-/ v. S*A*$ -, (A'/A*A(A……………………….)012011013  +ndulal 4iralal Shah v S. S Salgaonar…………………………………………) S. P. Mittal v nion of +ndia……………………………………………………12 St. Stephen5s %ollege v. niversit# of Delhi………………………………….12  +slami% A%adem# of $du%ation v. State of (arnataa……………………….11  ,ran Anthon# Publi% S%hool $mplo#ees5 Asso%iation v. nion -f +ndia…1

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INTRODUCTION

Article' 29 and 30 % te C%n'tit!ti%n are -r%!ed !nder te eadin- =C!lt!ral and Ed!cati%nal ri-t'=. Te'e %t Article' r%tect and -!arantee certain c%llecti1e ri-t' %r te &in%ritie' t% el te& re'er1e teir lan-!a-e5 reli-i%n and c!lt!re. Te'e ri-t' al'% c%ntri!te t% re'er1e te ric di1er'it % te c%!ntr and -i1e &in%rit a 'en'e % 'ec!rit. O1er te decade'5 te interla % te'e t4% Article' a' een te ca!'e % inten'e deate5 6ir'tl5 t%!cin- %n i''!e' '!c a' 'ec!lari'& and 'ec%ndl5 te de-ree % c%ntr%l %1er ri1ate ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' &aintained  te State %r recei1in- aid %!t % State !nd'> %n -r%!nd' %nl % reli-i%n5 race5 ca'te5 lan-!a-e %r an % te&. Ti' cater e-in' 4it te di'c!''i%n % ri-t' -!aranteed !nder Article' 29 and 30 % te C%n'tit!ti%n % India. 6!rter it di'c!''e' /!dicial ar%ac relatint% eac S! Cla!'e % Article' 29 and 30. S!'e?!entl5 te re'earcer a' di'c!''ed te /!dicial interretati%n relatin- t% te relati%n et4een Article' i.e. 29 and 30.

Article 29(*) deal 4it ri-t % an 'ecti%n % te citi@en' re'idin- in India t%  re'er1e teir lan-!a-e5 'crit %r c!lt!re. In %rder t% in1%7e Article 29(*)5 all tat i' e''ential i' tat a 'ecti%n % te citi@en'5 re'idin- in India '%!ld a1e a di'tinct lan-!a-e5 'crit %r c!lt!re % it' %4n. I '%5 ten te 4ill a1e te ri-t t% c%n'er1e te 'a&e. Article 29(2) r%iit' di'cri&inati%n in &atter' %  ad&i''i%n int% ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' %n -r%!nd' %nl % reli-i%n5 race5 ca'te5 lan-!a-e %r an % te&. Ti' r%1i'i%n -!arantee' te ri-t' % indi1id!al irre'ecti1e % te c%&&!nit t% 4ic e el%n-'.  Article 30 (*) r%1ide' tat all reli-i%!' and lin-!i'tic &in%ritie' a1e te ri-t t% e'tali' and ad&ini'ter  ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' % teir c%ice. Article 30(2) re1ent' State' r%& &a7in- an di'cri&inati%n a-ain't an ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n in -rantin- aid %n te -r%!nd tat it i' &ana-ed  a reli-i%!' %r lin-!i'tic &in%rit.

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11 ARTICLE !"#1$: R IG%TS OF CITI&ENS TO 'RESER(E T%EIR  LANGUAGE ) SCRI'T AND CULTURE Article 29(*) i' n%t '!/ected t% an rea'%nale re'tricti%n'. Te ri-t c%nerred !%n te citi@en' t% c%n'er1e teir lan-!a-e5 Scrit and c!lt!re i' &ade a'%l!te  te C%n'tit!ti%n. In Jagdev Singh Sidhanti v. Partap Singh Dhauta 1 te re'%ndetnt a deated candidate callen-ed te electi%n % te aealent t% te H%!'e % e%le %n te -r%!nd tat e ad c%&&itted c%rr!t ractice' d!rin- electi%n ca&ai-n t% r%&%te c%&&!na e&init  et4een te Hid! and te Si7 c%&&!nitie' r%iited  te Secti%n *23(3) % te Reere'entati%n % te e%le act5 *9+*. He -a1e t4% in'tance' in '!%rt % i' alle-ati%n na&el (i) tat te aealent t%%7 el r%& te indi a-itati%n -%in- %n at tat ti&e an  r%%-ated tat te re'%ndent 4a' an ene& % te Ara Sa&a/ and te Hindi lan-!a-e and (ii) tat te aellant !'ed a reli-i%!' '&%l %& D4a/ el%n-in- t% Ara Sa&a/ in i' electi%n &eetin-' Re/ectin- te c%ntenti%n' C%!rt %'er1ed  'ight to %onserve the language % te citi@en' incl!de' the right to  Agitate for the prote%tion of the language.  ;%litical a-itati%n %r c%n'er1ati%n % te lan-!a-e % a 'ecti%n % citi@en' cann%t5 tere%re e re-arded a' a c%rr!t ractice 4itin te &eanin- % Secti%n *23(3) % te Rere'entati%n % te ;e%le' Act5 *9+* Te C%!rt eld tat &a7in- r%&i'e'  a candidate5 t% 4%r7 %r te c%n'er1e acti%n % te elect%rateB' lan-!a-e5 did n%t a&%!nt t% c%rr!t  ractice. Unli7e  Arti%le 1)7180 Article 29(*) 4a' n%t '!/ected t% an rea'%nale re'tricti%n. Te ri-t c%nerred !%n te citi@en' t% c%n'er1e teir lan-!a-e5 etc.5 te C%!rt eld5 ad een &ade a'%l!te  te C%n'tit!ti%n5 Secti%n *23(3) % the  'epresentation of the Peoples A%t0 1)910  &!'t e read '!/ect t% Arti%le )718 and n%t t% tre'a'' !%n 6!nda&ental Ri-t !nder  Arti%le )718. In D. A.V College Jullunder v State of Punjab5s  ca'e It 4a' eld tat 4ere a le-al  r%1i'i%n re?!ired te G!r! Nana7 Uni1er'it t% r%&%te 't!die' and re'earc in ;!n/ai lan-!a-e and literat!re5 and t% !nderta7e &ea'!re' %r te de1el%&ent % ;!n/ai lan-!a-e5 literat!re did n%t inrin-e Article 29(*). ;r%&%ti%n % te &a/%rit lan-!a-e d%e' n%t &ean 'tilin- % &in%rit lan-!a-e and 'crit. T% d% '% 4ill e t% tre'a'' %n te ri-t' % t%'e 'ecti%n' % te citi@en' 4ic a1e di'tinct lan-!a-e %r 'cr it 4ic te a1e 1 AIR 1956 SC 183 2 AIR 1971 SC 1737 Page | 8

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ri-t t% c%n'er1e tr%!- teir %4n ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n'. Te r%1i'i%n in ?!e'ti%n cann%t5 tere%re e read a' re?!irin- te &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' ailiated t% G!r! Nana7 Uni1er'it t% teac in ;!n/ai lan-!a-e5 %r in an &a i&edin- teir ri-t t% c%n'er1e teir lan-!a-e5 'crit and c!lt!re. Te S!re&e C%!rt %'er1ati%n in te ca'e 4a' Te r%1i'i%n5 a' 4e c%n'tr!e it5 i' %r te r%&%ti%n % ;!n/ai 't!die' and re'earc and de1el%&ent % te ;!n/ai lan-!a-e5 literat!re and c!lt!re 4ic i' ar r%& 'ain- tat te Uni1er'it can !nder tat r%1i'i%n c%&el te ailiated c%lle-e' artic!larl t%'e % te &in%rit t% -i1e in'tr!cti%n in te ;!n/ai lan-!a-e5 %r in an 4a i&ede te ri-t t% c%n'er1e teir lan-!a-e'5 'crit and c!lt!re. Te le-al r%1i'i%n' % Uni1er'it tat 4a' callen-ed %n te -r%!nd tat te c%lle-e' ad&ini'tered  %ter reli-i%!' &in%ritie'5 i.e.5 Ara Sa&a/5 and ailiated t% te Uni1er'it 4%!ld e c%&elled t% 't!d te reli-i%!' teacin- % G!r! Nana7 and '!c r%1i'i%n' a&%!nted t% 1i%lati%n % !nda&ental ri-t !nder Article 29(*). Te S!re&e C%!rt re/ected te ar-!&ent 'ain- tat tere i' n% &andate in te r%1i'i%n c%&ellin- ailiated c%lle-e' eiter t% 't!d te reli-i%!' teacin-' % G!r! Nana75 %r t% ad%t in an 4a te c!lt!re % te Si7'. I te Uni1er'it &a7e' r%1i'i%n %r an acade&ic and il%'%ical 't!d and re'earc %n te lie and teacin-' % a 'aint5 it cann%t e 'aid tat te ailiated c%lle-e' are ein- re?!ired t% c%&!l'%ril 't!d i' Lie and teacin-'.

1! ARTICLE !"#!$: R IG%T OF T%E CITI&EN NOT TO BE DENIED ADMISSION INTO AN* STATE MAINTAINED OR  STATE AIDED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION  Ther i ghtguar ant e edunde rt hi sAr t i cl ei snotr es t r i ct edt omi nor i t i esbut e xt e ndst oal lc i t i z e nswhe t he rbe l o ng i ngt omaj o r i t yormi no r i t y .Ther i g ht  be i ngaf undame nt alr i ght ,cannotbei nt er f e r edwi t hbyanyi ns t r uct i on r ul e sorr e gul at i ons .

In State of Madras v Champaam5s 3 Case5 %r te ir't ti&e te ?!e'ti%n % alicati%n % Article 29(2) 4a' callen-ed. Te c%&&!nal G%1ern&ent Order % te State % # adra' 3 AI   R1951SC 226 Page | 9

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all%tted 'eat' in &edical and en-ineerin- c%lle-e' in te State r%%rti%natel t% te 'e1eral c%&&!nitie'5 1i@5 n%n"ra&in Hind!'5 "ac74ard Hind!'5 "ra&in'5 Hari/an'5 An-l% Indian'5 Cri'tian'5 and #!'li&'. A "ra&in candidate 4% c%!ld n%t e ad&itted t% an en-ineerin- c%lle-e callen-ed te G%1ern&ent Order a' ein- inc%n'i'tent t% Article 29(2). Te S!re&e C%!rt eld tat te cla''iicati%n in te G%1ern&ent %rder 4a' a'ed %n reli-i%n5 race and ca'te 4ic 4ere inc%n'i'tent 4it Article 29(2). E1en t%!- te etiti%ner ad -%t &!c i-er &ar7' tan 'ec!red  &an n%n"ra&in' 4% 4ere ad&itted in te 'eat' all%tted t% te&5 e c%!ld n%t e ad&itted int% an in'tit!ti%n. Te %nl rea'%n %r te denial % ad&i''i%n t% i& 4a' tat e 4a' a "ra&in and n%t a n%n "ra&in.

In te State of "omba# v "omba# $du%ation So%iet# :5 an %rder i''!ed  te "%&a G%1ern&ent annin- ad&i''i%n % t%'e 4%'e lan-!a-e 4a' n%t En-li' t% a 'c%%l !'inEn-li' a' a &edi!& % in'tr!cti%n5 4a' declared in1alid !nder 'ecti%n 29.

1+ ARTICLE +,#1$: R IG%TS OF MINORITIES TO ESTABLIS% AND ADMINISTER  EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF T%EIR  C%OICE

Article 30 (*) -i1e' te lin-!i'tic %r reli-i%!' &in%ritie' te %ll%4in- t4% ri-t' i) ii)

Ri-t t% e'tali'5 and Ri-t t% ad&ini'ter ed!cati%nal In'tit!ti%n' % teir c%ice.

Ti' eneit i' eFtended t% %nl lin-!i'tic and reli-i%!' &in%ritie' and t% n% %ter 'ecti%n %  te Indian Citi@en'. Te 4%rd %rB &ean' tat a &in%rit &a eiter i' lin-!i'tic %r reli-i%!' and tat it d%e' n%t a1e t% e %t a reli-i%!' &in%rit a' 4ell a' lin-!i'tic &in%rit. It i' '!icient % it i' %ne %r te %ter %r %t. ,ile interretin- Article 30 % te Indian C%n'tit!ti%n te ?!e'ti%n % relati1e de-ree % a!t%n%& and er&itted area and eFtent %

4 AI   R1954SC 561 Page | 10

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re-!lati%n % &in%rit ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' a' een %ne i&%rtant i''!e t% e re'%l1ed   te /!diciar d!rin- te a't 'iF decade'.

#INORIT< Te ter& &in%rit i' n%t deined in te C%n'tit!ti%n. Literall5 It &ean' d%&inant -r%!. It i' a relati1e ter& and i' reerred t%5 t% rere'ent te '&aller % t4% n!&er'5 'ecti%n' %r -r%!'+. 'e the (erala $du%ation "ill 6  te S!re&e C%!rt %'er1ed tat 4ile it 4a' ea' t% 'a tat te &in%rit &eant a c%&&!nit 4ic 4a' n!&ericall le'' tan +0 te i&%rtant ?!e'ti%n 4a'  +05 % 4atJte entire %!lati%n % India %r % a State %r % a  art tere% K ,it%!t decidin- te &atter deinitel5 te S!re&e C%!rt %'er1ed tat &in%rit 4a' t% e deter&ined %nl in relati%n t% artic!lar le-i'lati%n ein- callen-ed. I it 4a' a State la4 a5 &in%rit 4%!ld e deter&ined in relati%n t% te %!lati%n % te State. ,ere a la4  a''ed  te State Le-i'lat!re eFtend' t% te 4%le % te State &in%rit %r te !r%'e % Article' 29 and 30 4%!ld e deter&ined  reerence t% 4%le %!lati%n % te 'tate.

In re (erala $du%ation "ill %ase S!re&e C%!rt eld tat Article 30(*) c%1er' in'tit!ti%n' i&artin- -eneral 'ec!lar ed!cati%n. Te %/ect % Article 30(*) i' t% enale cildren % lin-!i'tic and reli-i%!' &in%ritie' t% -% %!t in te 4%rld !ll e?!ied. ;r%tecti%n -!aranteed t% &in%rit !nder Article 30 i' t% re'er1e ed!cati%n 4ill de1el% te c%&&%nne'' a&%n- te 't!dent' % te c%!ntr. Ti' i' in tr!e 'irit % liert5 e?!alit5 and raternit tr%!- te &edi!& % ed!cati%n. Te &in%ritie' 4ill eel i'%lated and 'earated i te are n%t -i1en te r%tecti%n !nder Article 30.

Te 4%rd' E'tali'B and Ad&ini'terB in Article 30(*) a1e een read c%n/!ncti1el. Tere%re5 a &in%rit can clai& a ri-t t% ad&ini'ter an ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n %nl i it a' e'tali'ed  it !t n%t %ter4i'e. A reli-i%!' &in%rit cann%t clai& te ri-t t% ad&ini'ter  an ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n e'tali'  '%&e%ne el'e5 &erel eca!'e5 %r '%&e rea'%n %r %ter5 it ad een ad&ini'terin- te in'tit!ti%n e%re C%n'tit!ti%n ca&e int% %rce.

5 T.M.A PAI FOUNDATON v. STATE OF ARNATAA! AIR 2003 SC 355 6 AIR 1958 SC 956 Page | 11

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Te ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n e'tali'ed  lin-!i'tic &in%rit i.e. G!/arati5 4ere te &edi!& % in'tr!cti%n 4a' G!/arati and :0 % te teacer' 4ere G!/arati  'ea7in-. Te C%!rt in  +ndulal 4iralal Shah v S. S Salgaonar !  caracteri@ed te in'tit!ti%n a' &in%rit in'tit!ti%n. Ad&ittin- n%n G!/arati 't!dent' did n%t aect te &in%rit caracter % te in'tit!ti%n. In5 S. P. Mittal v nion of +ndia & te S!re&e C%!rt laid d%4n tat in %rder  t% clai& te eneit % Article 30(*)5 te c%&&!nit &!'t '%4 a) tat it i' a reli-i%!' %r lin-!i'tic &in%rit5 ) tat te in'tit!ti%n 4a' e'tali'ed  it. ,it%!t 'ati'in- te'e t4% c%nditi%n' it cann%t clai& te -!aranteed ri-t' t% ad&ini'ter it.

;r%e''i%nal Ed!cati%nal In'tit!ti%n' are al'% c%1ered !nder Article 30. Te AeF C%!rt in *.M.A Pai ,oundation v. State of (arnataa ) a' %'er1ed tat te eFre''i%n ed!cati%n &ean' and incl!de' ed!cati%n at all le1el' r%& te ri&ar 'c%%l le1el ! t% te %'t-rad!ate le1el. Te eFre''i%n ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n'5 te c%!rt 'aid5 &eant in'tit!ti%n' tat i&arted ed!cati%n5 4ere ed!cati%n 4a' an !nder't%%d ereina%1e E&a'i@in- % te 4%rd' % teir c%ice in Article 30(*)5 te c%!rt 'aid tat t%'e 4%rd' indicated tat e1en r%e''i%nal ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' 4%!ld e c%1ered  Article 30.

Ri-t % te &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' t% re-!late te ad&i''i%n in te in'tit!ti%n In St. Stephen5s %ollege v. niversit# of Delhi 12 0 te Deli Uni1er'it i''!ed circ!lar' %r ad&i''i%n' t% dierent c%!r'e'.

7 AI   R1983Bom 192 8 AI   R1983SC 1 9 AIR 2003 SC 355 10 AIR 1992 SC 1630 Page | 12

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Te c%!rt eld tat te SteenB' c%lle-e 4a' n%t %!nd t% %ll%4 te Uni1er'it circ!lar a' it 4%!ld deri1e te c%lle-e % it' &in%rit caracter. Te ri-t t% 'elect te 't!dent' %r te ad&i''i%n 4a' a art % te ad&ini'trati%n. Te c%!rt eld tat !nle'' '%&e c%nce''i%n 4a' r%1ided t% Cri'tian 't!dent' te 4%!ld a1e n% cance % -ettin- int% te c%lle-e e'tali'ed  teir c%&&!nit.

Te ri-t % reli-i%!' and lin-!i'tic &in%ritie' t% ad&ini'ter ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' % teir c%ice5 t%!- c%!ced in a'%l!te ter&'5 i' n%t ree r%& re-!lati%n' It i' nece''ar tat e1en te &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' &!'t e '!/ected t% '%&e ad&ini'trati1e c%ntr%l 4it%!t i&airin- teir identit %r indeendence a' &in%rit in'tit!ti%n'. 6%r te alicati%n % ti' ri-t5 &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' are di1ided int% tree cla''e' a) In'tit!ti%n' 4ic neiter 'ee7' aid n%r rec%-niti%n r%& 'tate>  ) In'tit!ti%n' tat 'ee7 aid r%& te 'tate> and c) In'tit!ti%n' 4ic 'ee7 rec%-niti%n !t n%t aid. ,ile te in'tit!ti%n' 4ic neiter 'ee7 aid n%r rec%-niti%n r%& te State cann%t e '!/ected t% an re-!lati%n eFcet t%'e e&anatin- r%& te -eneral la4' % te land '!c a' la%!r5 c%ntract %r taF la4'. Te in'tit!ti%n' tat 'ee7  rec%-niti%n %nl and n%t aid c%!ld e '!/ected t% re-!lati%n' %r re'tricti%n'  ertainin- t% te acade&ic 'tandard' and etter ad&ini'trati%n % te in'tit!ti%n in te intere't % tat in'tit!ti%n it'el. Re-!lati%n' and re'tricti%n %r an %ter !r%'e are n%t  er&i''ile. In *.M.A Pai ,oundation v. State of (arnataa 11 after %onsidering Arti%le 32 along ;ith  Arti%le & and ))8 distinguished unaided  int!iti%n' r%& t%'e recei1in- aid r%& 'tate. Te c%!rt 'ee&' t% e in te a1%!r % reein- te !naided &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' r%&  %''ile intererence r%& te rele1ant !ni1er'it %r in'tit!ti%n' r%& %''ile intererence r%& te rele1ant !ni1er'it %r -%1t.  &a7in- it clear tat te latter 4a' %ridden r%& &eddlin- 4it te aair' % te %r&er.  AI R 1983SC 1 11

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Ri-t t% ad&ini'ter d%e' n%t incl!de ri-t t% car-e caitati%n ee'.  Te AeF C%!rt in +slami% A%adem# of $du%ation v. State of (arnataa 1 a' directed te c%n'tit!ti%n % a 'earate C%&&ittee in eac State5 t% e eaded  a retired $!d-e % te Hi- C%!rt5 t% ar%1e te ee 'tr!ct!re % te in'tit!ti%n' c%nd!ctin- &edical and en-ineerin- c%!r'e'5 7eein- in &ind te inra'tr!ct!re and acilitie' a1ailale5 te in1e't&ent &ade5 'alarie' aid t% te teacer' and 'ta5 !t!re lan' %r eFan'i%n and%r  etter&ent % te in'tit!ti%n5 etc. Te ee iFed  te C%&&ittee 'all e indin- %r a  eri%d % tree ear'5 at te end % 4ic eri%d5 te in'tit!te 4%!ld e at liert t% al %r re1i'i%n. H%4e1er5 c%llecti%n % ee'5 in ad1ance5 %r te entire c%!r'e5 i.e.5 %r all te ear'5 a' een eld n%t er&i''ile. Te !ncti%n % te c%&&ittee i' t% re1ent te car-in- % a caitati%n ee and r%iteerin-.

Ri-t t% ad&ini'ter d%e' n%t incl!de ri-t t% %re'' %r eFl%it te teacin- 'ta   In ,ran Anthon# Publi% S%hool $mplo#ees5 Asso%iation v. nion -f +ndia 13  te S!re&e C%!rt .-a1e a ne4 dna&ic interretati%n t% te &in%ritie' t% ad&ini'ter teir in'tit!ti%n' -!aranteed !nder Article 30(*). In ti' ca'e te Deli Sc%%l Ed!cati%n Act5 *935 r%1ided %r etter %r-ani'ati%n and de1el%&ent % 'c%%l ed!cati%n in Deli. Secti%n' : t% ** % te Act dealt 4it te ter&' and c%nditi%n' % 'er1ice % e&l%ee' % rec%-ni'ed ri1ate 'c%%l'. Secti%n *0 r%1ided tat te 'cale' % a and all%4ance'5 etc. % te e&l%ee' % rec%-ni'ed ri1ate 'c%%l' 4%!ld e n%t le'' tan t%'e % te e&l%ee' % te G%1ern&ent Sc%%l'. "!t Secti%n *2 % te Act &ade te'e r%1i'i%n' inalicale t% =!naided &in%rit 'c%%l'=. Te S!re&e C%!rt eld Secti%n *2 % te Act a' di'cri&inat%r and ence 1i%lati1e % Article *8 Te C%!rt 4ile %ldin- te r%1i'i%n % Secti%n' : t% ** % te Deli Sc%%l Ed!cati%n Act5*93 a' re-!lat%r in caracter declared tat te'e r%1i'i%n' 4ere n%t 1i%lati1e % te ri-t' % te &in%ritie' en'rined in Article 30(*)

12 AIR 2003 SC 3724 13 AIR 2003 SC 355 Page | 14

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1 ARTICLE +,#!$: BARS T%E STATE FROM DISCRIMINATING IN GRANTING AID Cla!'e (2) % Article 30 r%1ide' =Te State 'all n%t5 in -rantin- c!d ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n'5 di'cri&inate a-ain't an ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n -r%!nd tat it i' =!nder te &ana-e&ent % a &in%rit5 4eter a'ed %n te 0Ti reli-i%n %r lan-!a-e. Te %/ect % Cla!'e (2) i' t% &a7e te ri-t 'ec!red  Cla!'e al a' a real ri-t. "!t5 te -rant % aid a' n%t een eld t% e a c%n'tit!ti%nal i&erati1e In *.M.A. Pai ,oundation v. State of (arnataa 5= te S!re&e C%!rt a' r!led tat te a'ence % aid d%e' n%t &a7e te ri-t !nder Article 30(*) ill!'%r. Article 30(2) %nl &ean' tat a &in%rit in'tit!ti%n 'all n%t e di'cri&inated a-ain't 4en aid t% ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' i' -ranted. 6!rter5 it a' een eld tat te State &a i&%'e c%nditi%n' 4ile -i1in- aid t% a &in%rit in'tit!ti%n. "!t5 te c%nditi%n' a1e t% e !ni%r&l alied5 4eter it i' a &a/%rit r!n in'tit!ti%n %r a &in%rit r!n in'tit!ti%n. Al'%5 tat te c%nditi%n' &!'t a1e rele1ance t% te r%er !tili'ati%n % te aid. Te i&licati%n % Article 30(2)5 te C%!rt 'aid5 =i' tat it rec%-ni'e' tat te &in%rit nat!re % te in'tit!ti%n '%!ld c%ntin!e5 n%t4it'tandin-5 te -rant % aid.= It a' een 'aid tat Article 30(2) i' an additi%nal ri-t c%nerred %n &in%ritie' !nder Article 30(*). "!t5 it 4%!ld deend %n te inancial 'tailit and re'%!rce'5 a' 4ell a'5 di'creti%n % te State G%1ern&ent5 eFerci'ed !%n '!/ecti1e 'ati'acti%n.

ARTICLE +,#1$ AND ARTICLE !.#A$ COM'ARED 6ir'tl5 4ile Article 2(a) 'ec!re' te ri-t t% e'tali' in'tit!ti%n' t% te &a/%rit a' 4ell a' &in%rit c%&&!nitie'5 Article 30(*) 'ec!re' tat ri-t t% te &in%ritie'5 reli-i%!' a' 4ell a' lin-!i'tic.  Sec%ndl5 4ile Article 2(a) reer' %nl t% reli-i%!' den%&inati%n'5 Article 30(*) c%ntain' te ri-t % reli-i%!' a' 4ell a' lin-!i'tic &in%ritie'.  Tirdl5 4ile Article 2(a) 'a' % te ri-t % a reli-i%!' den%&inati%n t% &aintain te in'tit!ti%n e'tali'ed  te&5 Article 30 (*) 'ec!re' te ri-t t% a &in%rit t% ad&ini'ter teir in'tit!ti%n. Page | 15

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6%!rtl5 4ile te ri-t 'ec!red  article 2 i' '!/ected t% !lic %rder5 &%ralit and ealt5 article 30 (*) d%e' n%t 'eciicall 'tate tat te ri-t !nder Article 30(*) i' '!/ected t% an '!c c%nditi%n'. It a'5 %4e1er een eld tat te ri-t !nder Article 30(*) i' n%t '% a'%l!te a' t% a%1e te la4. It t!' cann%t e di'!ted tat article 30(*) i' '!/ect t% te -eneral la4' and te la4' &ade in te nati%nal intere't.

CONCLUSION It i' 'ettled in ca'e % St. can &in%rit ed!cati%n in'tit!ti%n' den ad&i''i%n t% an 't!dent %n te a'i' % reli-i%n %r lan-!a-eK ,eter in ad&i''i%n t% &in%rit ed!cati%n in'tit!ti%n'5 reerence' can e -i1en t% &in%rit 't!dent'5 %1err!lin- te criteria % &eritK In lar-e n!&er % ca'e' te c%!rt a' eld tat !naided &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' a1e c%&lete reed%& t% 'elect teir 't!dent'. It eld tat all &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' n%t recei1in- aid r%& te -%1ern&ent are 4%ll %!t % te a&it % Article 29(2) Te ca'e % St Stephan5s College decided  a enc % i1e /!d-e' % te S!re&e C%!rt i' a land&ar7 ca'e a' ar a' relati%n et4een Article 29(2) and Article 30(*) i' c%ncerned. Tac7lin- te i''!e % ad&i''i%n te C%!rt ad1%cated te te%r % &eltin- %t and atte&ted t% 'tri7e a alance et4een te t4% Article'. It 'tated5 in te nati%n !ildin- 4it 'ec!lar caracter 'ectarian 'c%%l' %r  c%lle-e'> 'e-re-ated ac!ltie' %r !ni1er'itie' %r i&artin- -eneral 'ec!lar  ed!cati%n are !nde'irale and te &a !nder&ine 'ec!lar de&%crac. Te 4%!ld e inc%n'i'tent 4it te central c%ncet % 'ec!lari'& and e?!alit e&edded in te C%n'tit!ti%n. Page | 16

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E1er ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n irre'ecti1e % te c%&&!nit t% 4ic it el%n-' i' a &eltin- %tB in %!r nati%nal lie. Te 't!dent' and teacer' are te critical in-redient'. It i' tere te de1el% re'ect %r5 and t%lerance %5 te c!lt!re' and elie' % %ter'. It i' e''ential tere%re5 tat tere '%!ld e r%er &iF % 't!dent' % dierent c%&&!nitie' in all ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n'. In te li-t % all te'e rincile' and act%r'5 and in 1ie4 % te i&%rtance 4ic te C%n'tit!ti%n attace' t% r%tecti1e &ea'!re' t% &in%ritie' !nder  Article 30 (*)5 te &in%rit aided ed!cati%nal in'tit!ti%n' are entitled t% reer  teir c%&&!nit candidate' t% &aintain te &in%rit caracter % teir  in'tit!ti%n' '!/ect t%5 % c%!r'e5 in c%n%r&it 4it te !ni1er'it 'tandard. Te State &a re-!late te inta7e in ti' cate-%r 4it d!e re-ard t% te need % te c%&&!nit in te area 4ic te in'tit!ti%n i' intended t% 'er1e. "!t in n% ca'e '!c inta7e 'all eFceed +0 er cent % te ann!al ad&i''i%n. Te &in%rit in'tit!ti%n' 'all &a7e a1ailale at lea't +0 er cent % te ann!al ad&i''i%n t% &e&er' % c%&&!nitie' %ter ten te &in%rit c%&&!nit.

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BIBLIOGRA'%* "OOMS • • • • •

$ain #;5 Indian C%n'tit!ti%nal La4 (+t editi%n)5 ,ad4a Na-!r ;!licati%n'5 2008 (rerint) ;ande $N. Dr.5 Te C%n'tit!ti%nal La4 % India (8:t editi%n)5 Central La4 A-enc5 20** Sin- #.#.5 Te C%n'tit!ti%n % India5 Te ,%rld ;re'' ;ri1ate Ltd. Calc!tta5 *9+ M!&ar Narender5 C%n'tit!ti%nal La4 % India (rerint editi%n)5 Allaaad La4 A-enc5 20* D.$. DE5 Te C%n'tit!ti%n % India5 %l!&e 2nd5 200+

,E"SITES • • •

• •

tt'en.4i7iedia.%r-4i7iTreed%&%reli-i%n tt'indian7an%%n.%r-'earcK%r&In!tPare20act' tt444.%!rarticlelirar.c%&e''areed%& % reli-i%ninindia**'alienteat!re'% 6reed%& % reli-i%n803* tt'en.4i7iedia.%r-4i7i tt'en.4i7iedia.%r-4i7iQ6ree%&%reli-i%n

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