MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics E306: SERIES AND PARALLLEL CIRCUITS CRUZ, John Luke M.
[email protected]/2014106345/ME-2
[email protected]/2014106345/ME-2 PHY12L-B4 Group 4
SCORE Signed Data Sheet (5)
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Observations & Results (15)
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Graphs (10)
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Conclusion (15)
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References (5)
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Photos (10)
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Performance (40)
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TOTAL (100)
June 16, 2016
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E306: SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS Cruz, John Luke M.1, 1 School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , Mapúa Institute of Technology 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila City, Philippines
[email protected]
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS Table 1 : Series circuit Resistance (R 1) = 100 Ω Total Resistance (R T) = 500 Ω Resistance (R 2) = 150 Ω Total Voltage (VDA) = 5 V Resistance (R 3) = 250 Ω
Voltage Across Resistance 1 (VAB) Voltage Across Resistance 2 (VBC) Voltage Across Resistance 3 (VCD) Current Flowing through Resistance 1 (iB) Current Flowing through Resistance 1 (iC) Current Flowing through Resistance 1 (iD) Total Current (iA) Percentage Difference Resistance (R 1) =100 Ω Resistance (R 2) = 150 Ω Resistance (R 3) = 250 Ω Voltage Across Resistance 1 (VAB) Voltage Across Resistance 2 (VBC) Voltage Across Resistance 3 (VCD) Current Flowing through Resistance 1 (iB) Current Flowing through Resistance 1 (iC) Current Flowing through Resistance 1 (iD) Total Current (iA) Percentage Difference
Experimental
Computed
0.979 V
0.9 V
1.469 V
1.35 V
2.47 V
2.25 V
0.009 A
0.01008 A
0.009 A
0.01008 A
0.009 A
0.01008 A
0.009 A
0.01008 A
11.32 % Table 2 : Parallel Circuit Total Resistance (R T) = 500 Ω Total Voltage (VDA) = 4.70 V Experimental
Computed
4.70 V
4.4 V
4.70 V
4.55 V
4.70 V
4.5 V
0.044 A
0.047 A
0.029 A
0.0313 A
0.018 A
0.0188 A
0.091 A
0.0971 A 6.49%
Table 1. Sample Computation: Series Circuit
= V1 = I1R 1 =(0.009 A)(100 Ω) = 0.09 V
I1 = 5V/500Ω = 0.01008 A
V2 = I2R 2 =(0.009 A)(150 Ω) = 1.36 V
I2 = 5V/500Ω = 0.01008 A
V3 = I3R 3 =(0.009 A)(200 Ω) = 2.25 V
I3 = 5V/500Ω = 0.01008 A
Percentage Difference
− % = + ∗ 100 2 |0.01008 − 0.009| % = 0.01008 + 0.009 ∗ 100 2 % = 11.32%
Table 2. Sample Computation: Parallel Circuit
= V1 = I1R 1 =(0.044 A)(100 Ω) = 4.4 V
I1 = 4.7V/100Ω = 0.047 A
V2 = I2R 2 =(0.029 A)(150 Ω) = 4.35 V
I2 = 4.7V/150Ω = 0.0313 A
V3 = I3R 3 =(0.018 A)(200 Ω) = 4.5 V
I3 = 4.7V/250Ω = 0.0188 A
Percentage Difference
− % = + ∗ 100 2 |0.0971 − 0.091| % = 0.0971 + 0.091 ∗ 100 2 % = 6.49%
GRAPHS
Voltage V.s. Resistance Graph in Series Circuits 300 250 )
Ω200
( e c n a t s i s e R
150 100 50 0 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Voltage (V)
The graph shows the relationship of voltages across each resistor. It shows that the voltage is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit, which means as the voltage increases the resistance also increases.
Current V.s. Resistance Graph in Parallel Circuits 300 250 )
Ω200
( e c n a t s i s e R
150 100 50 0 0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Current (A)
The graph shows the relationship between the current flowing through each resistor. It shows that the Current is inversely proportional to the resistance, which means that when the current increases, then the resistance will be decreasing.
CONCLUSIONS We are able to determine the total current flowing through a series circuit and parallel circuit, which are 0.009 Amperes and 0.091 Amperes respectively. The total current flowing in a series circuit is equal to the current flowing in each resistor in the circuit, while the total current flowing in parallel circuit is the summation of the current flowing in each resistor which is 0.094 Amperes in the first resistor, 0.029 Amperes I the second resistor and 0.018 Amperes in the third resistor. Given that we are able to compute the total current for parallel circuit which is equal to 0.091 Amperes.
The relationship between the voltage and the resistance in a series circuit is that the voltage is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit, which means as the voltage increases the resistance also increases. Also, the relationship between the current and resistance in a parallel circuit is that the current is inversely proportional to the resistance, which means that when the current increases, then the resistance will be decreasing. All in all, we are able to do the experiment successfully. The percentage difference of 11.32% and 6.32% falls within the accepted value. The difference in the results is caused by the discharging of the battery. So as to the next performers of the experiment, we recommend to do the measurements as quickly as possible to get a low percentage differences in results.
REFERENCES
(2014, June 16). Retrieved from http://cie-wc.edu/Series-and-Parallel-Circuits-1-26-12.pdf Institute of Physics. (2016, June 6). Practical Physics. Retrieved from http://practicalphysics.org/investigating-series-and-parallel-circuits.html TryEngineering. (2016, June 16). tryengineering.com. Retrieved from http://tryengineering.org/sites/default/files/lessons/serpar_0.pdf
PHOTOS
Figure 3: Equipment used in the experiment such as meter stick, iron stand, ruler, mass and hanger set etc.
Figure 4. A reading of the current flowing in the resistor in a parallel circuit.
Figure 5. The potential of electricity in a series circuit.
Figure 6. We are determining the correct connections of circuit.
