Contents Background and Current Situation ............................................................................................ 3 Managing Strategic Use of IT (Dinara Zhunissova TP018760) ................................................ 4 Working Inward............................................................................................................................ 4 Business-to-employee .................................................................................................................... 4 Building an Intranet .............................................................................................................................. 5 Managing an Intranet ............................................................................................................................ 5 Fostering a sense of belonging .............................................................................................................. 5
Working Outward......................................................................................................................... 6 Business-to-customer ................................................................................................................................ 6 Advantages ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Working Across ............................................................................................................................. 9 Business-to-business ................................................................................................................................. 9
3.0 Managing Issues in System Development (Project Development) (Sanjida Farhana TP025536) .................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Project Background ........................................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Project Life Cycle ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.3.1 Initiation ..................................................................................................................................... 11 3.3.2. Planning .................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.3 Execution and Control ............................................................................................................... 15 3.3.4 Closing ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Managing Telecommunication and Networking - (IBRAHIM HUSSEIN SOSOVELETP023054) .................................................................................................................................... 18 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 18 Use of telecommunication and networking in a business organization ................................................. 18 Advantages of telecommunication and Networking in an organization ................................................ 19 Wide Area Network (WANs) ............................................................................................................... 20 Collaboration ......................................................................................................................................... 21
The Impact of Information Technology on Business .............................................................................. 22 Accounting .............................................................................................................................................. 22 The Internet ............................................................................................................................................ 22 Startup Costs ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Time Management .................................................................................................................................. 23 Disadvantages of telecommunication in an organization ...................................................................... 24 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Workload Matrix ........................................................................................................................ 29 References .................................................................................................................................... 30
Background and Current Situation Trip Advisor is the world’s largest travel website. The site helps people that want to travel to plan for the best trip. Founded in February 2000 by Stephen Kaufer, the company offers reliable advice from other trusted travelers. It also has multiple tools that can be used on the website to book, compare and manage trips online. Trip Advisor generates revenue from its advertising on the numerous websites it manages. (Trip Advisor, 2013) Organization needs to manage activity to develop the projects from start to the end to deliver the well-defined scope and resources for the projects. To conduct a project systematically a team is made and managed by the project manager, they can be external or internal in the organization, Trip Advisor. Normally, large scale project share involving many groups of people in the project and the project management lifecycles. These groups consist of many individual that share same characteristics per say. Conducting a research regarding the roles and responsibility of individuals and groups in the “TripAdvisor ” for project team members are explained below. In this section a project developed by Trip Advisor will be analyzed and different aspects of the activities done during that project The following report will discuss in depth how the travel website giant manages its IT infrastructure in order to sustain its business and organizational needs.
Managing Strategic Use of IT (Dinara Zhunissova TP018760) Strategic use is having a long-term impact on a firm’s growth rate and revenue. Conducting the business by Internet became the strategic use of IT. It helps to make distinction in business. Trip Advisor knows how to use the information system resources in their organization. There are three categories of strategic use of IT, such as working inward, working outward and working across.
Working Inward Business-to-employee Improving organization’s internal processes and structure is one of the main goals of working inward. Trip Advisor builds the scale and creates networks effects from user Generated Content by contributor and user.
Figure 1. Source: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19863-01/816-6363-10/overdpl.html
Building an Intranet
In order to make ease global corporate operations must use an employee intranet. This must be applied based on Internet standards. It is private corporate networks with protocols and Internet technologies. As for current company Trip Advisor built a secure human resource intranet to improve their satisfaction of the employees. It helps them to save money, save employees’ time and reduces hassle. By using intranets Trip Advisor has a lot benefits, as below:
Less expensive systems development
Have a wide access to information of the company
Allows the companies decrease the cost of providing companywide information and connectivity by open system architecture of intranet
Less training
Information that has entered by Trip Advisor will be up-to-date and all employees can access from any place no matter where they are
Managing an Intranet
Company information must be protected and intranet must have an interface with legacy and Enterprise resource planning systems. ERP is business process management software that helps Trip Advisor to use integrated applications to manage their business and automate back office functions. Trip Advisor has a corporate employee’s portal to get their information. Besides that, they made some interactive information from their third parties. Fostering a sense of belonging
An intranet will be the main connection to a company when their employees getting dispersed. In order to provide sense belonging program manager built an intranet where employees will have their personal conference site. On the other hand there might be some
internal rules, forms and processes. As for Trip Advisor, they do have rules and processes for their employees. According to Keeler (2012) it was very important to follow all the rules that Trip Advisor sets. Any questionable review cost him his job.
Working Outward Business-to-customer
In order to improve the quality and increase the sophistication of their system must have some computer reservation systems. It will make the service faster. According to Andrew (2012) the most percentage of the shoppers buy travel services. Refer to figure below:
Figure 2. Source: http://tidal.ca/2012/04/03/diving-e-commerce/
Trip Advisor has a very user-friendly website where any type of user can easily use it. User can access to the website and select the dates and room type, then proceed to the payment. After all the steps user will receive the confirmation email with booking reference number. Figure 3 shows the process of online booking:
Figure 3. Source: http://www.sterian.com/case_studies.php
Trip Advisor considered all the perspectives in term of usability, media integration and etc. As for usability they give free choice for the users to search by easy way in the simple search bar (Figure 4). There is a trip planner that allows the user to plan manually their travel plan. The language and currency gives to user’s opportunity to set, as they prefer. Besides that Trip Advisor always has saving deals for hotels where some hotels might have big sales.
Figure 4. Source: http://www.gottaquirk.com/2010/10/04/site-of-note-tripadvisor/
Advantages
Global accessibility – it increases the number of Trip Advisor users, since anyone from any place can access to their website.
Availability – their website is available 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.
Better customer relationship – once customer requested from Trip Advisor they could respond them fast, which helps to improve customer satisfaction.
Working Across Business-to-business The most huge management challenge is the process across organizational boundaries. One of the arrangements is working with non-competitors who supply the same consumers. As for Trip Advisor they cooperate with numerous hotels that supply the same customers. There are three types of relationships, they are:
Loose integration – where one of the parties gives only some information and probably not confidential information. There is almost no relationship and many companies have such relationships.
Close integration – both parties exchange the information formally. Some of the information may consist of confidential information.
Tight integration – both parties share all business process. A lot of important data may be exchanged even highly confidential, also includes key events.
Trip Advisor has a close integration with their business partners. As a business partners they have hundreds of hotels from all the world.
3.0 Managing Issues in System Development (Project Development) (Sanjida Farhana TP025536) 3.1 Introduction TripAdvisor is a large company has many groups of people involving in different division. Trip Advisor aims to meet the various need of people all over the world for everyday travel plans and reviews. TripAdvisor Media Group (TAMG) reveals “Passport” in their intranet and roll out in December 2011 and became an independent company from Expedia and staff are professional, educated, specialists in either engineering, legal, sales or marketing and passionate about their business. Managing issues in system development requires the application of skills and techniques to execute Trip Advisor’s projects efficiently and more effectively. All these activities is known as Project Management. In this section a project developed by Trip Advisor will be analyzed and different aspects of the activities done during that project.
3.2 Project Background In 2011, Trip Advisor started a project to implement an intranet in their company to communicate with their employees and keep them updated about the company’s activities.(Kelly K,2012) An intranet is defined as being a collection of private computers in an organization to improve the data sharing capability and the overall knowledge base of an organization employees. Trip Advisor Media Group (TAMG) is a branch of Trip Advisor responsible for the marketing and sales of the company. They are based in US and have 1 250 employees around the world. In December 2011, TAMG became an independent company of its own and now the site needed a better way of sharing data within the company. The separation from Expedia implied that TAMG will have to develop its own standalone processes and systems which includes a new intranet. (Sequel Group, 2013) “When the announcement was made about the spin-off, we were really excited so we wanted to have our own vehicle for communicating with our employees in time for the spin-off. The channel would provide a clear way to communicate what was going on as well, and on an ongoing basis as well,” explains Gregg Scholz, Director of HR Operations for
Trip Advisor in Newton, Massachusetts (Kelly K, 2012). TAMG has hired Sequel to create, design and build the new Intranet.
3.3 Project Life Cycle The project life cycle is a collection of the project management processes, it falls into five groups, and following the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) .The project manager will bring the focus on the project based on the goals, resources and schedule of the project. (PMI, 2013 3.3.1 Initiation The initiation phase, the documents that are needed to define what are the formalities and authorization needed to proceed to the project Passport. This phase delivers the project charter in most of the IT projects (ProjectManagementDocs, 2011). The Project Passport’s will establish a business case and a project charter. Trip Advisor project charter will describe the following in much more formal manner to show to the project stakeholders. 3.3.1.1 Stakeholders
Gregg Scholz, Director of HR Operations for Trip Advisor in Newton, Massachusetts. Project Manager.
Sequel Group, responsible for the IT development of the Passport Project., supplier and consulting on the site Intranet
Trip Advisor Media Group (TAMG), users of the Trip Advisor Intranet, member of the project team.
3.3.1.2 Project Objectives
Centralized information sharing: The Passport project will contain all information related to Trip Advisor. All the branches will connect to the site and access data or sales records that will help them in making management decision for Trip advisor. All in one place the Passport. (Sequel Group, 2013)
Seamless User experience: Passport will be an easy to use and accessible from all the employees located in the 16 countries to be able to access the intranet.
Improve Communication: Implement an honest and open platform for employees at Trip Advisor to own their content without dealing with approvals of their superiors. Hence eliminating the filters between Trip Advisor employees.
Interactivity between Employees: Passport will host a platform for Trip Advisor to share employee’s pictures and staff to increase teambuilding and encourage employees to interact with notices boards. Passport also creates competitiveness between employees by means of Feed. (Sequel Group, 2013)
3.3.1.3 Project Scope:
The Passport Project will cover the following scope:
Be a central point for all company info, migrate content from ancillary site
All inclusive for all TAMG people including subsidiaries
Aligned with external communications
Work globally as well as from an office environment and remotely via VPN
After completing the Initiation Phase the Project Manager can then proceed to the Planning phase. 3.3.2. Planning The planning phase is the next phase that follows after all the business case and project charter have been approved for Trip Advisor Passport Project. During the planning phase, the project’s objectives and all the activities necessary to accomplish the project goals are going to be elaborated (ProjectManagementDocs, 2011). There are two primary deliverables by the Passport Project Team: A statement of work, a document that clearly described what the deliverables of the project are and when these are due and a project plan. A Gantt chart is also produced in the Project Plan. The Passport project
started in early September and was completed in mid-December. The major deliverables are scheduling, budgeting and staffing
3.3.2.1 Scheduling
The scheduling of the Passport Project, will first be a Work Breakdown analysis. Meaning that the works necessary to accomplish the project will be taken. The Passport Project will be divided into tasks in order to deliver the intranet in time. Passport project started on the project had a short time frame it was due by mid-December. (Kelly K, 2012). According to Sequel Group’s website, the project manager Scholz, divided the project into two work streams: the content owners and the developer of the intranet website. The scheduling allowed the running of the work with less bureaucracy hence speeding up the project: “Speed Win Approach”. 3.3.2.2 Time Constraint of the Passport Project
The Passport project was completed in a very short time frame, considering that most intranets takes up to 2 years to be completely launched and running. The project has started in early September 2011 and was completed by mid-December. (Kelly K, 2012) Which is approximately 4 months to develop and quickly launch the intranet website. According to the Passport Project Manager their biggest challenge was the short timeframe. In order to complete the Passport Project in a very short timeframe, the project Manager Scholz and his team have used the “divide and conquer” approach. The team was divided into two groups that will focus on the different aspect of the project. The lack of formality during the Passport Project also contributed in speeding up the project. The Project Manager Scholz gave the right to the team member to post content without the need to deal with too much bureaucracy, he also brought the focus on the intranet to be quickly functional (Kelly K, 2012) 3.3.2.3. Staffing
In order for the Passport Project to be successful the team has hired the Sequel Group. This method to obtain skilled professionals used an outside contractor. Based on an estimation of their skills, their proficiency for developing quickly an intranet for Trip Advisor. The business’ strategy at Trip Advisor Media Group (TAMG) are:
Speed wins- no ifs and no buts
Innovation and forward-thinking
Energetic , positive atmosphere
Work hard, play hard philosophy
Their business strategy makes it easier to select the right employees who have been nurtured in such a teambuilding environment. (Sequel Group 2013).
3.3.3 Execution and Control The project execution and control serves the purpose of managing the project team members and resources to make sure that they perform the activities defined in the project plan. (Michael T, 2012) The project manager Scholz, must make sure that everything goes according to plan if not he must be able to handles any issues that arises during the Execution and Control phase of the Passport Project. The deliverable of this phase include the intranet Passport completely build and ready for testing. 3.3.3.1 Managing Project Risks
“A project risk is an uncertain event that can have a positive or negative effect on the prospect of completing a project” (Project F, 2013). The Passport Project Team must have followed the five steps to successfully manage a risk. The project Manager at Trip Advisor, Scholz, assessed the risks during the project, as the Passport project progresses. New risk will become more evident and addressed accordingly. The project manager will perform well in this activity based on his experience on past projects. (Kelly K, 2012). Sequel Group has performed several IT projects in the past and possess the required experience to help identify risks. (Project F, 2013) Risk can be identified using these tools: process flowcharts, Ishikawa Diagrams, affinity diagrams, risk breakdown structures, risk checklists, work breakdown structures, brainstorming and many more. For example some possible risk for the Trip Advisor Project could be in the category of:
Schedule Risk: Failure to deliver the passport project on time
Resource Risk: Sequel Group does not deliver the software necessary for the Trip Advisor Project.
Scope Risk: the Passport Project fails to provide relevant information to the Trip Advisor Media Group (TAMG) Overseas.
3.3.3.2 Managing Conflicts
The employees at Trip Advisor have grown in an environment that facilitates conflicts managements. By following, their business strategy, the selected team members and the stakeholder are less likely to have conflicts. In the event, of having a conflict at the company, there are five moves of conflict resolution that the Trip Advisor Project Could follow (Harold K, 2013)
Confronting is also known as problem solving, integrating, collaborating or win-win style. The two conflicting parties will meet face to face and collaborate together in an agreement that resolve the conflict.
Compromising is the “give and take” style. The conflicting parties will discuss in order to reach a solution that satisfies both. Most of the compromises involves both parties giving up something in order to attain some acceptable solution.
Smoothing involves putting the focus on the areas where both parties agree on and downplaying the areas of disagreements. In this approach, a party may sacrifice its own concern for the sake of the other party.
Forcing this approach occurs when a party goes all out to favor its interests resulting with the loss of the other approach
Avoiding simply means postponing an issue or delaying it for a while. It is a temporary solution and the conflict may keep coming up. (Harold K, 2013)
3.3.3.3 Managing Change Request
During the Project, if the Sequel Group or the TAMG team members want to add their opinions or make a modification, they can directly consult the project manager Scholz. The bureaucracy has been reduced to make the project faster. It was urgent for Trip Advisor to have their own standalone systems. By eliminating the bureaucracy, the Passport Project got build in time. (Kelly K, 2012)
3.3.4 Closing The project closing is the last phase of the Project and the documentation produced will help in acquiring experience from the project. The main deliverable are the project review, the lessons learned, and the project acceptance. The Passport Project has been launched on the Joomla Platform, and is now up and running. The passport project was a successful project all in all and got a positive user acceptance. According to the Sequel Group Team, the first month of launch Trip Advisor has achieved a 130% of the Passport. (Sequel Group, 2013) The employees were able to connect to the intranet from home and from work. It was also possible for Trip Advisor employees to access the intranet on Mobile devices such as iPads and iPhones. The image bellows represents the screenshots from Trip Advisor new Intranet Passport. Table 1 Trip Advisor Passport Screenshot (Sequel Group 2013)
Managing Telecommunication and Networking - (IBRAHIM HUSSEIN SOSOVELE-TP023054) Introduction Telecommunications, this is the flow of information among individuals, work groups, departments, customer sites, regional offices, between enterprises, and with the outside world. The information may be in the form of voice telephone calls, data, text, images, or video.
Use of telecommunication and networking in a business organization Technology has changed modern life in many ways, most of all in the workplace. Invention of computers, miniaturization of electronics and the development of wireless communication has all altered the business world. Business communication, has achieved the greatest advancements due to technological developments.
Cellular Phone This is one of the biggest advancements in communication, In the past, you could only reach employees when they were at their desks. Now, workers are reachable no matter where they are, and even during non-work hours.
Teleconferencing High-speed data connections allow for the use of teleconferencing, virtual meetings held over audio and video links. Teleconferencing can save substantial amounts of money otherwise spent on travel by connecting important employees in far-flung branches together to share ideas and information.
RFID The development of radio frequency identification has substantially changed the field of business logistics and, paired with other business communication advancements, has the potential to increase a company’s efficiency significantly. RFID tags are small chips that respond to radio waves with encoded information, allowing companies to tag and track items and materials.
Advantages of telecommunication and Networking in an organization Reduced Operational Costs Application of telecommunication systems in e-business provides the business with the opportunity to reduce its operational costs. For example, the use of automated machines reduces the costs set aside for wages and salaries because there is a reduced need for physical labor. Additionally, the use of the Internet for communication, such as email, saves the business from incurring phone, paper and postal charges. When the business engages in the use of video conferencing as a substitute for conducting personal meetings, it saves money and time spent on travel.
Efficient Customer Service The application of telecommunications systems allows the business to improve its customer service. For instance, the use of the Internet in making orders and carrying out transactions provides a fast and reliable system of transmitting goods and services to a wider market.
Marketing Strategy In e-business, the organization can apply the use of a website to market their goods or services to a wider Internet market. As the online community expands, businesses have a wider audience to market their company and acquire new clients. A website allows customers to have uninterrupted access to your business details and carry out transactions. The business benefits in
turn from increased sales and reduced advertising costs as compared to the use of traditional advertising avenues. Access to a Wider Market Using telecommunication systems in e-business gives a business the opportunity to access a wider client market. Enterprise & organizations can design its marketing strategy to center on a certain locality in order to establish a strong local market. Telecommunication systems and network, allow the business to expand its services to the national or global market, which in turn may lead to an increase in sales and profits. Access to a wider market can be made possible through various telecommunication networks such as: Wide Area Network (WANs) The term Wide Area Network (WAN) usually refers to a network which covers a large geographical area, it’s usually across the country boundaries. TripAdvisor can use this network to expend and capture more customers globally.
Source (Scorea, 2010) Figure 3: illustrating Wide Area Network (WANs)
Collaboration Collaboration between different departments can help your company improve performance in projects such as new product development, customer relationship management and quality initiatives. According to consultancy McKinsey & Company, collaborative, complex problem solving is the essence of the work of many employees. Telecommunication helps your project teams maintain momentum and make important decisions, even when all members cannot attend meetings. Absent members can join a teleconference or a Web conference if they have a smartphone or computer with Internet connectivity. ( Linton, 2009) Collaboration between departments, is facilitated by the following communication networks Local Area Networks (LANs) A computer communications network contained in a small area such as a commercial building is known as a local area network (LAN). A local area network's linkages usually are accomplished with either telephone, coaxial, or fiber-optic cables.
Source (Excell, 2012) Figure 1: illustrating Local Area Network (LANs) Communication and collaborations between employees of different departments can communicate with in each other safely. Metropolitan Area network (MANs)
This is a computer network in which two or more computers or communicating devices or networks which are geographically separated but in same metropolitan city and are connected
to each other, with this network connection, employees can have instant communication between the departments, details, feedback can all be processed easily.
Source (Scorea, 2010) Figure 2: illustrating Metropolitan Area Network (MANs)
The Impact of Information Technology on Business Accounting Setting up and managing a new accounting system can be a daunting task on your own. Modern accounting software packages simplify the process of setting up accounts and posting daily transactions. Managing accounts with a small-business accounting package such as Microsoft Money or QuickBooks can eliminate the need to hire full-time or third-party accountants. Accounting software also assists managers by creating informative reports and financial statements to increase decision-making effectiveness. The Internet The Internet has all but leveled the playing field for small-business marketers competing against established businesses. With advanced video and graphics editing software, smallbusiness owners can create professional marketing materials that reach thousands or millions of viewers online. Entrepreneurs can take advantage of cost-efficient web marketing tools such as Google AdWords to spread targeted marketing messages to a broad audience or a select niche.
Startup Costs Despite the numerous advantages granted by modern technology, there are still drawbacks to technology's inseparable relationship with the business world. One such drawback is the increase in startup expenses for new businesses. Almost every new business requires computer workstations, multiple telephone lines and network infrastructure before it can begin operations. Bootstrap entrepreneurs can often get away with using their own PCs and cellphones during the startup phase, but serious new ventures undertaken by experienced entrepreneurs usually involve large infrastructure projects to accommodate rapid growth. Time Management Time management is crucial for any small-business owner. Freeing up time from administrative minutiae can allow you to focus on more productive activities, such as drumming up new business and making vital contacts with suppliers and potential strategic partners. Advances in computer and cellular telephone technology allow business owners unprecedented access to in-depth scheduling and customer relationship management software, enabling busy entrepreneurs to hold "face to face" meetings online, from anywhere in the world.
Disadvantages of telecommunication in an organization Information technology has enhanced the way organizations conduct business. Technology is commonly implemented into most business operations and functions. A common use of information technology is business communication. Businesses use websites, email, text messages, chatting and other forms of technological communication channels to transfer information to managers, employees and the general public. While this technology has lowered operating costs and often increases the visibility, a few disadvantages exist with this technology. Impersonal Perception A significant disadvantage of business communication technology is the perception that a business is impersonal. Consumers who are consistently peppered with electronic communication from business organizations are more likely to have this perception. Businesses often use this method of communication to respond to consumer inquiries about orders placed on the website. Consumers attempting to contact a business who are unable to reach a human being may become frustrated by electronic communication methods. Security Issues Using business technology in communication can create various security issues. Emails, text messages and other website communication are often vulnerable to hackers or other individuals who should not have access to certain information. These security issues can create serious legal liabilities if personal information, such as a credit card number, social security number or license is accessed by illegal means through a business technology. Companies must also create internal controls to safeguard information from inappropriate actions by company employees. The threats and risks posed to websites - hackers and viruses
Threats come from all sides within and without a system. These include: Hackers trying to gain access into a system in order to read or change the information that it contains.
Emails received by employees or authorized users that have hidden viruses in them. This can take the form of an attachment, link or even the email itself. People trying to imitate authorized users to gain access or information. The threat from hackers Hackers are individual in their methods of causing havoc and are becoming more sophisticated in what they can do. The threats include:
Stopping authorized users from accessing the service which could have disastrous consequences for a business Gaining access to personal, sensitive and confidential data altering it or, worse still, destroying it Redirecting people from your business site to another one which means potentially losing customers Introducing viruses that can ruin data
Impact on the business
Financial loss resulting from fixing the problem or worse legal action
Loss of reputation
Loss of position in the marketplace
Threats from viruses
Viruses, worms, Trojan horses are just some of the computer programs that are designed to infect computers and corrupt data. There are several types of virus. The main kinds are:
Trojan - This is a program that appears normal but has a sting in the tail i.e. contains malicious software or code that looks ok.
Backdoor Trojan - This one that allows a hacker to gain control of a system. They do this by bypassing the normal access codes of a computer. Once the computer goes online, the hacker (or person who sent the backdoor Trojan) can modify things, upload more harmful files and access personal data. Worms - these work by replicating themselves on a system and corrupting everything on a hard drive Botnet - this is a group of infected computers that are operated remotely. What happens is that the hacker sends out a virus, worm or Trojan to ordinary computers. When they come online, then the hacker gains full control. When they have done this, they can wreck all sorts of havoc including stealing identities and data, commit fraud, stop authorized access and send spam. They are the most difficult to deal with so take extra care. Spyware - this is placed on your computer when you visit certain sites. It secretly gathers information whilst you browse and sends it back to other parties. It can seriously affect your system if they are not dealt with.
What you can do to prevent and minimize attacks Since the day that technology is continually being developed, there are various measures to counter problems and threats to people and business systems. Access control - this means that users are restricted as to what data and information they can access Anti-virus and Anti-spam software - These must be updated constantly because new viruses are being developed all the time. Get the patches and updates and never think you do not need it. It can be a hassle to download but it is worth the inconvenience. Authentication - using certain methods to verify users before they can gain access to any information Encryption - what this does is to 'mix up' any data being sent so that it is protected and in code that no-one but the sender and receiver can decipher Firewall - this is a device - nowadays software - that helps to filter going between networks. It helps to control access to the Internet by the person using it and stops outside interference to the system being used.
Detection devices - this notifies the user if there has been a breach (or an attempted breach) of the system.
Equipment Expense Companies typically have to purchase additional equipment to implement business communication technology into its operations. Personal computers, servers, modems and other software or hardware are often necessary components. A business may also need to replace this equipment in a few years to maintain relevance in the business environment. Business communication technology also requires companies to employ an individual capable of handling repair or maintenance issues. While this function can be outsourced, this option is usually more costly than hiring a dedicated information technology employee. Difficulty Training Employees Businesses can face difficulty training older employees to use business communication technology methods. These individuals may have a difficult time understanding the technology and how these processes work. Businesses may need to spend large amounts of time or resources to train these individuals so that they can use this technology to communicate with internal and external business stakeholders. Hiring practices often need to be adjusted to ensure new potential employees are familiar with the business communication technology.
Conclusion Even though telecommunication has its risks, but technology advancement has managed to control the security risks faced by organization, generally advancements of technology and presence of internet has enable business to grow beyond country boundaries, allowing business to grow wider, increase the market. Hence more profit to the organization. Tripadvisor benefits from telecommunication, since it’s a tourism website attracting customers from different places of the world.
Workload Matrix Task
Sanjida TP025536
Farhana Dinara Zhunissova TP018760
Ibrahim
Shukhrat
hussein
Sabitov
sosovele-
TP024379
TP023054 Introduction
25%
25%
25%
25%
Background
25%
25%
25%
25%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
100%
100%
0%
0%
0%
100%
0%
Managing
Strategic 100%
Issues Managing IT Operations Managing
Issues
0%
in 0%
Project Development Managing Telecommunication Networking
0% and
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