Criminal Procedure Code, Juvenile Justice & Probation of Offenders Act

Criminal Procedure Code, Juvenile Justice & Probation of Offenders Act.

Q1.

Explain constitution & functions & powers of various criminal courts specified in CrPc.

Ans.

There are separate civil courts & separate criminal criminal courts, there is difference difference in civil & criminal court, High court & supreme court court are appellate courts & not trial courts, following are various criminal courts & there powers specified fr om sections 6 to 35 of CrPc.

This is big court for trail of criminal cases, 1. Court of sessions (or) (or) Session Session Court: Court: judges is called as metropolitan session judge. judge . This judge can give any punishment including death sentence, in case of death sentence confirmation of high court is necessary. This can be more no. 2. Associate session judge (or) Addition al session judge:of posts of additional session judges, this have equal powers of session judge but he is sub ordinate in rank, work is allotted b y session judge, appeal from these court is allowed to high court. 3. Assist ant session judge:- This judge is sub ordinate to above courts in city, he is called as Metropol Metropol itan assistant session judge. Appeal from these judge is allowed to session court, these judge can give maximum 10years imprisonment. as Chief 4. Chief Chief judici al magistrate:- In city these judge is called as Chief m etropolitan magist rate (CMM) (CMM) , he can give punishment upto 7years imprisonment, appeal from these court is allowed to assistant session judge. First class magistrate in city 5. First class magistrate (or) Metropol Metropol itan magistrate: magistrate: is called as Metropolitan magistrate (MM), (MM) , every magistrate have jurisdiction of one or two police stations, he can give punishment upto 3 years imprisonment & fine upto 5000/Rs. He deals with all bail matters, m atters, appeal from these magistrate is allowed to CJM (or) CMM. Collector is caked as Executiv 6. Executiv e magist rate: Executiv e magistrate , he has executive & judicial powers he can decide cases of law & order & vigilance v igilance case, he has power to give punishment upto 1year im prisonment & fine upto 2lakhs rupees. These remedy is given in particular district. prosecutor is appointed in every court by government, he 7. Public Prosecutor: Prosecutor: - Public prosecutor represent cases on behalf of police & state in crim inal court. There are one (or) more m ore Assistant public prosecutor prosecutor (APP) to assisting. These is machinery of criminal courts & there powers specified in CrPc.

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Q2.

Explain powers of authorities to arrest without warrant & subsequent procedure of arrest search & seizure.

Ans.

police authorities have powers to arrest a person by obtaining warrant from the court, there are 11 types of offences in w hich police have powers to arrest without warrant. Procedure have to be followed even after arrest, the se details has been given from the sections 41 to 60, which includes following points. Arres t w it ho ut warrant sect io n 41 to 42:-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

In all cognizable offences in which punishment is 3years (or) more periods. When anybody is trying to make house breaking (or) criminal trespass in the property. When anybody is having position of stolen property. When anybody have position of nercotics. When anybody have position of weapons without license. When anybody absconded from defence force without completion of required service. When anybody is making an attempt of kidnapping (or) abduction. When anybody committed crime in foreign country & came to India, police can arrest such person & make extradition to respective country. 9. When anybody absconded from police custody (or) prison then he can be arrested. 10. When persons are disturbing public peace by m aking unlawful assembly, rioting & disturbance of traffic. 11. When anybody is using explosive in busy ar ea (or) locality. Arres t by priv ate per sons :- There is power of any private person under section 43 to arrest any person who is making an attempt to commit the crime, such arrested person should be detained till police comes (or) he should be taken to police station & handover him to authorities. If magistrate have seen the crime (or) have Arres t by m agi st rate sect ion 44 – 45:knowledge about the crime then he can order police to arrest such person, magistrate have power to initiate criminal case voluntaril y called as SUO-MOTO case.

1. 2. 3.

4.

Following steps are taken at the time of arrest (or) after the Procedure after arrest:arrest. Police officer have power to use reasonable force at the time of arrest, such as to use handcuff to tie hands to drag by color. Female can be arrested by lady police officer, if there is no lady officer then male can also arrest with dignity & decorum. When arrested person is brought to police station, then entries have to be done in crime register which includes serial no, date & time of arrest, name of accused & other details, sections under which arrest have been done. If any injury caused to arrested person then he should be taken to hospital for treatment he can be taken to police station w hen medical officer makes discharge.

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5. Officer of any other police station can also arrest but he should be handover to respective police station without delay. 6. Checking of arrested person to be done before superior police officer list to be prepare & these are kept in police station & given at the time of release from custody. 7. If weapon found in position then it should be produced in court of magistrate. 8. Arrested person to be produced before magistrate for remand within 24hours of arrest excluding hours of journey, if it is holiday then he should be taken to residence of magistrate who can give standing instructions. If journey requires more periods then other magistrate can give transit remand. 9. When magistrate give remand then police can keep in custody & produce after expiry of remnand. 10. Magistrate can extend periods of remand (or) grant the bail. These is details about arrest of person w ithout warrant & further procedure to be followed after arrest in CrPc.

Q10.

Revision (section 405).

Ans.

Appeal is allowed when there is judgment but revision is allowed against order of sub ordinate court to superior court having jurisdiction. Revision includes following p oints.

1. Revision to be done within 30days limitation period from the date of order of the court (or) receiving copy of order of the court. 2. Copy of order to be enclosed with revision petition. 3. Court makes hearing of both the sides. 4. Superior court have powers to confirm, alter, set a side order of sub ordinate court. Ex:- sub ordinate court rejected bail then in revision petition superior court can grant the bail.

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Q3.

What is the procedure to be followed relating to trail of criminal cases in the court.

Ans.

Trial of criminal cases is done according to procedure, these procedure has been given from sections 237 to 250 of CrPc. It includes fol lowing points.

Investigation officer (IO) have to file charge sheet in the 1. Filing of chargesheet:court, copy of charge sheet have to be given every accused under acknowledgement, trial judge have to ensure that all accused person received copy of charge sheet. When accused is on bail then summon is issued to appear in court on 2. Summon:particular date & time, if summons is not obliged then court can issue warrant & order the police to arrest him & produce in the court. If accused is ion custody of p olice (or) in jail then trail judge order public prosecutor to produce him on particular date & time. Opening of trial is done by public prosecutor, he reads material 3. Openin g of trail : facts relating to crime & explain to accused in lang uage known to him. 4. Plea of accused: Trial judge may question accused wither he has committed crime (or) not. If accused make confession & judge is satisfied then trial is not necessary & date is fixed for judgment. When there is a denial then date is fixed to c onduct trail. Trail of criminal case is done in presence of 5. Trail in presence of accused: accused person unless it is content by trail judge. Public prosecutor produce the witnesses to proof the 6. Prosecution witnesses:charges & they are called as PW1, PW2, PW3, etc, chief examination is conducted by public prosecutor & cross examination is done by defense lawyer, after compl etion of all witnesses he file process form that side is complete. 7. Defense wit nesses:- After completion of prosecution side court giv e direction to defense lawyer to produce his witnesses to disprove the charges, they are called as DW1, DW2, DW3, etc, chief examination is conducted by defense lawyer & cross examination is conducted by public prosecutor. 8. Argument:- There is argument of public prosecutor & defense lawyer in argument both sides can bring contradiction & omission to notice of judge, there is also interpretation of relevant sections, both sides can show p recedent of supreme court (or) high court in support of there case. 9. Judgment:- After argument of both sides judge may fix date of judgment, judgment is in writing & at the end of judgment there is order, in order there is conviction (or) acquittal for every criminal charges & whither punishment is rig orous (or) simple. There is also penalty if penalty is not p aid then further period of conviction is mentioned, there is a sentence that all punishments shall run co ncurrently. When there is conviction then judge may take opinion of accused whither 10. Reading:court should be lenient (or) not. It is recommendatory & not mandatory for judge. Judge may read only order & put his signature on every page there is initial of judge. These is details about trial of criminal case in the court.

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Q4.

Define bail & explain kinds of bail. What are the grounds to grant (or) reject the bail specified in the CrPc.

Ans.

Bail means order of the court to release the person from custody according to justice Krishna Iyer purpose of criminal justice is bail & not j ail, if bail is rejected & accused is proved as innocent then nobody can r eturn his time taken in custody & it ca nnot be compensated. Bail is discretion of the judge but it is judicial discretion & not personal discretion. Judge have to record the reason for granting (or) rejecting the bail. Kinds of Bail:- There are two kinds of bail.

1. Ordinary B ail (Secti on 436):These bail is granted after arrest of the person, bail petition have to be filed by defe nse lawyer. Court makes hearing of public prosecutor & defense lawyer & either grant the bail (or) reject it by recording reason. If remand is given then expiry of remand period again accused is produced in the court. Bail petition can be filed any no. of times when accused is produced in the court, if bail is granted then prosecutor can filed revision petition in superior court for ca ncellation of the bail. If bail is rejected then defense lawyer can fi le revision petition to grant the bail, superior court may grant the bail, superior court ma y grant (or) reject the bail. Magistrate can imposed reasonable conditions at the time of gr anting the bail, such as to surrender the passport, not to leave head quarters w ithout permission of judge to give attendance i n police station daily (or) periodically to giv e surety for particular amount. If condition is violated then magistrate can cancel the bail & issue warrant to arrest accused & produced in the court. 2. Ant ic ip atory Bai l (Secti on 438):- These bail is granted by session court (or) superior court before arrest. When there is possibility of arrest then anticipatory bail may be granted. These bail is generally granted to respectab le person having no criminal record (or) first time offender (or) urgency of the bail. These bail is also granted by hearing defense lawyer & prosecutor. Distinction between Ordin ary Bail & Antic ipatory Bail:Ordinary Bail Anti ci pat or y Bail 1. These bail is granted after arrest 1. These bail is granted before arrest. 2. These bail is granted by magistrate 2 These bail is granted by session (or) superior court. (or) superior court 3. These bail may be granted to any 3.These bail may be granted to accused. respectable person having no criminal records (or) urgency matter. 4. Ordinary bail is generally granted in 4.It is granted in any offences. bail able offences

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Conditions to gr ant remedy of bail:Conditions imposed by judge have to be complied. When there is no threat to security of accused. It should be brought to notice of the court that accused will not pressurized the witnesses. Accused will not abscond if released on bail. He may not commit additional crimes. He will be available for interrogation & investigator of police. When investigation is complete & police have file charge sheet. These is details about bail, kinds of bail, distinction & conditions to grant (or) reject the bail from sections 436 – 450 of CrPc.

Q7.

Appeal (section 372 – 394).

Ans.

When sub ordinate court delivered judgment then appeal is allowed to superior court having jurisdiction. It includes following points.

1. Appeal from magistrate is allowed to chief judicial magistrate & appeal from chief judicial magistrate is allowed to assistant session judge & after that to session judge & lastly to high court. 2. When there is convection then appeal can be done by advocate of accused & when there is acquittal then appeal can be done by public prosecutor. 3. When convection is for less term than also prosecutor can file an appeal. 4. Appeal to be done within 3months limitation period from the date of judgment (or) receiving copy of judgment. 5. Appeal is decided on basis of argument \s of both the sides. 6. Appellate court have powers to confirm, alter, set a side, judgment of sub ordinate court.

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Q5.

Briefly explain provisions relating to inquires & trails specified in CrpC.

Ans.

Inquiry & investigation is done by police & trail is done by judge. Following are the powers of police & trail judge specified from sections272 – 300 of CrPc.

1. App oi nt ment of co mm issi on:When any witness is patient on bed & unable to attend the court, the trail court may appoint commission to go t o his house & record statement & submit in the court. 2. Expert Evidence: - In many criminal cases trail judge have to take expert evidence & decide the case such as medical expert, hand w riting expert, finger print expert, chemical analyzer. 3. Spot inspection:When judge is not getting clarity by reading charge sheet then he can go to spot of crime under police protection & collect information. 4. Confession under promise of secrecy: - When there are more no. of accused persons then police can record confession of an accused under promise of secrecy. It is disclosed at the time of trail. 5. Legal Aid to accused: When any accused is poor person & unable to engage advocate then services of advocate are provided at the c ost of the state. 6. Crime of legal person: When criminal case is against company, corporation, institution then legal person cannot be convicted. Impri sonment can be given to person who have committed crime. 7. Rule of double jeo pardy: - There should not be trail (or) punishment for more then one time for same offence in same court. 8. Trail i n pr esence of accused:There is a trail of accused person in there presence, court can condend attendance of accused on reasonable ground. 9. Camera court:When there is possibility of indecent questions (or) insulting questions then judge may provide camera court. In t hese court accused, victim, prosecutor & fefense lawyer are allowed & others are prohibited. It is generally provided in Rape, Impotency & outrage modesty cases. These is details about inquries & trail in CrPc.

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Q6.

Define FIR & charge sheet & its contents & provisions specified in CrPc.

Ans.

FIR means First information report, when anybody have committed crime (or) likely to commit crime then FIR can be given in p olice station having jurisdiction. FIR can be given by relevant party (or) his fami ly member (or) person having information about the crime, details of FIR is from sections 154 – 176 of CrPc. It includes following points.

1. FIR can be given in writing, if person is illiterate then he can give FIR orally & officer on duty takes it into writing & obtain his signature (or) thumb impression, person who gives FIR is called as Reporter (or) complainant. 2. FIR can be given by phone by disclosing the name (or) without disclosing the name, when anybody have information about crime. 3. Purpose of FIR is to do investigation relating to crime. 4. FIR to be given without causing unreasonable delay, if delay is caused then reason to be mentioned for it. 5. In FIR all material facts of the incident to be specified. 6. If some points are missing then officer on duty to make inqury & record these facts on separate paper & enclosed with FIR. 7. If complaint knows persons who committed crime (or) there is doubt (or) suspicion then it can be mentioned in FIR. 8. When there is possibility of committing the crime then also FIR can be given so that police can prevent the crime. 9. When anybody makes attempt who commit crime then also FIR can be given in police station. 10. When there is additional information relating to criminal act, then supplem ent can be given which is enclosed with FIR. 11. If FIR is given in police station having no jurisdiction then relevant police station have to forward it in police station having jurisdiction. 12. When FIR is given then officer on duty have to make entries in crime register such as serial no, name other details of complainant, date & time of report, sections under which FIR is registered. 13. Complainant can withdrawn his FIR in petty offences having less than 2years imprisonment by personal appearance in police station giving withdrawn application. 14. Information of FIR is given to magistrate. 15. Copy of FIR is given to complainant same day (or) some other day free of cost. 16. When FIR is given then superior officer makes endorsement by name of sub ordinate officer to do investigation. Charge sheet Section 211 – 224:- When FIR is given then investigation officer have to prepare charge sheet within 6months period. These period can be exceeding 2years & after that file is closed. File can be r eopen by permission of superior officer (or) the court, charge sheet contains following points. 1. There is copy of FIR. 2. There is copy of panchnama (or) spot investigation report of investigation officer. 3. There are statements of all the witnesses enclosed with charge sheet. 8


4. Material found at the place is sealed & produced in the court at the time of trail & there is report of all these articles. 5. Report of expert is aslo9 enclosed with charge sheet. 6. There is final report of investigation officer with his signature. Charge sheet is file in the court & c opy is given to all accused person then trail begins in court. Disti ncti on between FIR Charge sheet FIR It is preliminary report It is prepared by victim of crime It is file in police station It is having purpose of investigation It can be with draw in petty offences

Charge sheet It is final report It is prepared by investigation officer It is file in court It is having purpose of trail It cannot be with draw

These is details about contents of FIR, charge sheet & distinction between it.

Q3.

Compoundable & non compoundable offences.

Ans.

Compoundable offence means petty offence having less than 2years imprisonment, compoundable offence can be withdrawn by the com plainant at any time before judgment such as cruelty against married woman case under section 498A, cheque bouncing case under section 138 of negotiable instrum ent act. Non compoundable offence are serious offence having more than 2years imprisonment. Non compoundable offence cannot be withdrawn when charge sheet is filed & trail begins. Court have to deliver judgment in non compoundable offence. Complainant have to appear in court & fil e petition to withdrawn the case & court m ay grant permission if it is compoundable offence. In non comp oundable offence court will not grant permission to withdraw the case.

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Q7.

Explain silent features of probation of offenders act 1958 & distinguish between probation & Parole.

Ans.

probation of offender was passed in 1958, meaning of probation is to test the person when any accused is 21years (or) less & there is first time charge of offence then police can file charge sheet as a probation offender, such law is in force is USA, England, Japan & European countries. India have adopted it & m ade legislation by parliament in 1958. Objects (or) pur pose of probation of fenders:-

1. It is applicable to young person having 21years (or) less age & there is a big features before him. 2. Court have to show leniency to probation offender. 3. Purpose of these provision is rehabilitation of probation offender. 4. Police (or) investigation authority mention in charge sheet as probation offender.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Procedure of trail:Police make investigation & mention in charge sheet that accused is probation offender. There should not be any criminal record of offender. There is leniency in trail of probation offender. Trail judge may try to understand back ground of the family. Judge may show leniency & do counseling. If accused have committed petty crime then judge may give warning (or) imposed penalty. When trail is complete then judge may try to give less (or) minimum punishment. Therefore purpose of probation offender is rehabilitation. Parole means to release a person who is undergoing imprisonment Parole:purpose of parole is to develop affection of convict with family & society person who is released on parole is called as Parole. Procedure of parole: -

1. An application have to be given to jailor to release applicant on parole. 2. Reason is given in application to release on parole. 3. Jailor forward application to parole board who have monthly meeting, in parole board there is one retired judge, police officer, jail officer & social worker are members, 4. Parole board may consider the application & decide the period to release on parole. 5. If there is no proper ground then application of parole may be rejected. 6. Parole board can imposed condition to release on parole such as not to leave head quarter without permission, to give attendance daily (or) periodically in police station having jurisdiction. 7. When parole period is complete then parolee have to surrender in poloce station (or) prison without delay. 10


8. If there is reasonable grounds then application can be forwarded to extend period of parole & parole board can consider it. 9. If conditions is violated then parole is cancelled & warrant is issued to arrest him. 10. Period of release on parole can be added in convection period. 11. Parole is discretion & it can be giv en any no. of times by parole board. Distinguish between probation & parole: Probation It is applicable to first time offender There is age limit of 21years (or) less age. It has object of rehabilitation It is used at the time of trail.

Parole It is applicable to prisoner undergoing imprisonment. There is no age limit. It has object to develop affection with family & society. It is applicable when parole board consider it.

These is details about probation & parole its pr ovisions, distinction & probation of offenders Act 1958.

Q11.

Review (section 395).

Ans.

Review means to reconsider when trail court have committed any error then it is rectified in review petition. There is no need to file an appeal, it includes following points.

1. It is filed in same court where trail is conducted. 2. It has to be file within 1month period from the date of judgment (or) receiving copy of judgment. 3. Error to be highlighted in review petition. 4. Court makes hearing of both sides. 5. If there is error then it is rectified & revised copy of judgment is issued. Ex:- Trail judge have mention acquittal in place of convection & convection is place of acquittal. These error can be rectified in review petition.

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Q8.

Who is juvenile offender? Explain procedure of trail of juvenile offender & various authorities for rehabilitation of juvenile offender.

Ans.

juvenile offender means children who commit the crime, male children under 16years age & female children under 18years age are called as JUVELINE OFFENDER. In many countries such as Japan, Turkey, United Kingdom, USA & European countries there are separate laws to deal with juvenile, in India j uvenile offenders act was passed in 1960 & it was amended to make more effective in 2000. Therefore it is called as juvenile offender act 2000. In cpc also there is p rovision under section 82 that children under 7years age are not liable for any crime because they have no maturity to understand nature & consequence of the act. Purpose of these act is to correct the children & m ake rehabilitation so that they can change their path of criminal act & lead better life as responsible citizen, if there is no rehabilitation then they m ay create danger to society. Reasons (or) causes of juvenile offenders:-

1. When children come in contact with young criminals then they may commit crime in bad company. 2. Orphan children having no affection of family & control commit crime. 3. Illiterate children also commit more crimes. 4. There is moral degradation of values in education system. 5. When necessity of children is not fulfill. 6. Poverty is also reason of committing crimes. 7. There is indusbilisation & offenders get opportunity to commit the crime. 8. When children may not get proper atmosphere in family. 9. Children commit crime to earn easy money & lead luxuries life. 10. There is adverse effect of media on mind of children & they indulge in committing crime. Trail of juvenile offenders:1. 2. 3. 4.

There is separate court for trail of juvenile offenders called as juvenile court. Juvenile offender are produced for trail before juvenile court. In charge sheet police mention family back ground of juvenile offender. Lady judge are preferred in juvenile court because they have knowledge to deal with children. 5. There is counseling of juvenile offender. 6. There is leniency in giving punishment such as for petty crime either warning (or) penalty. 7. When juvenile offender commit serious crime then they are given punishment & send to reform school (or) Borstal school (or) Rescue homes, where some skills i s thought so that they can earn lively hood,

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1. 2.

3.

4.

There are four authorities for Aut ho ri ti es fo r r ehabi li tatio n of j uv enile off ender: rehabilitation of juvenile offender. Supervisor y unit:- There are some police authorities who are given work to make supervision of juvenile offender & prepare report p eriodically & submit to court. In these cell there are social welfare officers & jails Co ordi nate cell: superintendent, who attend borstol schools & make contact with juvenile offender prepare report about progress in behavior. In these wing there are medical experts such as Counseling service:physiologist, phychiartists who examine juvenile offender & provide them proper treatment when there is defective mental condition. In these wing there are academician who study about reason of Research win g: juvenile offender & necessary steps to be taken to control it. These report is submitted to respective government so that government can take necessary major to mi nimize crime. These are details about reasons of juvenile offender & procedure of trail & authorities for rehabilitations of juvenile offender.

Q16.

Maintenance (Section 125 – 128).

Ans.

Maintenance can also be claimed under section 125 of CrPc. These maintenance does not exceed 3,000/- Rs per month, it includes following points.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Maintenance case is file in court of magistrate. Judge makes hearing of both sides. Maintenance is fixed depend on income of other party. If income is reduced then maintenance also reduced in proportion. When default is done to pay maintenance then for first time court may give punishment upto 6month imprisonment & default is done second tim e then punishment may be given upto 2years imprisonment. Therefore maintenance in CrpC is depend on income of poor people in society

Q6.

Rights of arrest person.

Ans.

following are the rights of arrested person specified in CrPc.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

There is right of arrested person to know about reason of arrest. Right of arrested person to inform to family members. Right of accused to meet his advocate in police station & give relevant information. Right of arrested person to get the copy of FIR (or) complaint. Right of arrested person to get the food. Right of arrested person to get medical treatment whenever it is necessary.

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Q4.

Summons case & warrant case.

Ans.

summons case means petty offence having less than 2years imprisonment & warrant case means offence having more than 2yars imp risonment. Following are points of difference between summon case & warrant case specified under sections 2(W) & 2(X) of CrPc. Summon case Summon case is compoundable Summon may be issue & if it is not complied then court may issue warrant. In summon case there is report of police which is brief In summon case court can conduct summary trail. In summon case court may believe confession & deliver judgment.

Warrant case Warrant case is non compoundable Court can issue warrant directly. In warrant case there is charge sheet of police. In warrant case there is no summary trail. In warrant case court may not believe confession unless judge is satisfy.

Q12.

Judgment (section 353 – 365)

Ans.

Court deliver judgment in criminal cases which contents following points.

1. There is name of the court at the top of the judgment. 2. There is CC no & the year. 3. There is name of the complainant which is respective police station which have done in investigation & file charge sheet. 4. There is Name, father name, age, occupation, address of accused, if there are more no of accused persons then similar details to be wr itten for all the accused person. 5. There are details about brief facts of criminal case. 6. There are relevant sections under which trail is conducted. 7. There are details about version of prosecution & statement of prosecution witnesses. 8. There are details about version of defense lawyer & statement of his witnesses. 9. Points raised by public prosecutor & defense lawyer at the time of argument. 10. Case laws shown by both side’s parties &its applicability in the case. 11. There is observation & finding of the judge. 12. There is final order in which punishment (or) acquittal for every section & if there is penalty then punishment in default of penalty & there i s a sentence that all punishment will shall run concurrently. 13. On the date of judgment judge may read f inal order & put his signature & on every page there is initial of judge.

Q5.

Summary trail (section 260 – 265).

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Ans.

In summary trail court dispose petty criminal cases speedily, following are the point relating to summary trail.

1. There is no charge sheet & police file brief report relating to accused such as name, father name, occupation, address, date & time & place of committing crime, sections of IPC which are applicable & signature of police officer. 2. Bail is granted in summary trail by police authorities. 3. Court issue summons to all accused to appear on particular date & time. 4. If there is confession then there is no trail & court may fix date of punishment. 5. There is no hearing of all accused persons. 6. There is speedy disposal in summary trail. 7. In summary trail convection period should not be more than 6months (or) fine. 8. If fine is rupees 200/- (or) less than appeal is not allowed.

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Criminal Procedure Code, Juvenile Justice & Probation of Offenders Act

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