Jumlah armatur yang diperlukan dapat dihitung setelah ditentukan faktor depresiasinya. Untuk contoh dapat diperkirakan, bahwa hanya akan terjadi pengotoran ringan. Kalau lampu-lampunya diperbaharui setiap 2 tahun, maka d = 0,8 (lihat tabel 2)
Jadi,
E = 1250 lux
A = 8 x 16 = 128 m2
d = 0,8
Φarmatur = 12000 lumen
η = 0,59
Sehingga :
Makalah diketik di atas kertas A4, dengan margin:
Atas : 4 cm
Kiri : 4 cm
Kanan : 3 cm
Bawah : 3 cm
Menggunakan huruf Book Antiqua 12, spasi 1,5 dengan jumlah halaman minimal 12 (tidak termasuk, sampul, kata pengantar, daftar isi, daftar tabel, daftar gambar
TUGAS
Buatlah makalah dengan judul
"PENCAHAYAAN BUATAN"
Terdiri atas 3 bab
Bab I Pendahuluan
Latar Belakang
Rumusan Masalah
Tujuan Penulisan
Manfaat Penulisan
Bab II Pembahasan
Bab III Penutup
Simpulan
Saran
Daftar Pustaka
Jumlah tersebut dapat dibagi atas 4 deret, masing-masing dengan 7 armatur atau 3 deret dari 9 armatur.
Gambar di atas menunjukkan cara penempatan lampu pada plafon (langit-langit)
½ a
a
a
½ a
Jumlah lampu atau armatur n yang diperlukan dapat juga ditentukan langsung dari :
Fluks cahaya lampu atau armatur dapat dilihat dari buku katalog. Untuk contoh ini berlaku :
Φarmatur : 4 x 3000 = 12000 lumen
Keuntungan-keuntungan penerangan yang baik, khususnya bagi industri :
1. Peningkatan produksi
2. Peningkatan kecermatan
3. Terjaminnya kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja
4. Suasana kerja yang lebih nyaman
Pengantar
Pengantar
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan sistem penerangan yang sebaiknya digunakan :
1. Intensitas penerangan di bidang kerja
2. Intensitas penerangan dalam ruangan secara umum
3. Biaya instalasi
4. Biaya pemakaian energi
5. Biaya pemeliharaan instalasi, seperti untuk penggantian lampu-lampu
Pengantar
Penerangan suatu ruangan kerja yang baik harus tidak melelahkan mata. Karena itu perbedaan intensitas penerangan yang terlalu besar antara bidang kerja dan di sekelilingnya harus dihindari karena akan memerlukan daya penyesuaian mata yang terlalu besar yang akhirnya akan melelahkan mata.
Perbandingan antara intensitas penerangan minimum dan maksimum di bidang kerja harus sekurang-kurangnya 0,7 dan perbandingan dengan sekelilingnya harus sekurang-kurangnya 0,3.
Contoh perhitungan penerangan
Suatu ruangan dengan ukuran 8 x 16 m dan tinggi 3,20 m akan diberikan penerangan
Jumlah lampu yang akan diberikan ditentukan sebagai berikut :
Pertama-tama, ditentukan jenis lampu dan armatur yang akan digunakan. Sebagai contoh dipilih armatur 4 x TL 40 W, menurut tabel 2, fluks cahayanya 4 x 3000 lumen per armatur
Kemudian ditentukan faktor-faktornya refleksinya berdasarkan warna dinding dan langit-langit ruangan, yaitu :
- warna putih dan warna sangat muda : 0,7
- warna muda : 0,5
- warna sedang : 0,3
- warna gelap : 0,1
Untuk menentukan faktor refleksi suatu warna, dalam praktek digunakan kipas warna dengan faktor-faktor refleksinya :
Sebagai contoh ditentukan :
rp = 0,5, rw = 0,3 rm = 0,1
c. Selanjutnya ditentukan indeks bentuknya :
Karena lampu-lampunya dipasang pada langit-langit dan bidang kerjanya berada kira-kira 0,9 m di atas lantai, maka h = 3,2 – 0,9 = 2,3 m
Jadi :
Cara menghitung
penerangan dalam
d. Kemudian ditentukan efisiensi penerangannya. Dari tabel 2 dengan nilai k, rp, rw, dan rm seperti tersebut pada bagian b
untuk k = 2 η = 0,57
untuk k = 2,5 η = 0,60
Efisiensi penerangan untuk k = 2,3 ditentukan deinterpolasi :
Intensitas penerangan yang diperlukan ditentukan berdasarkan tabel 1. Untuk contoh digunakan 1250 lux.
Fluks cahaya yang diperlukan dapat dihitung dari :
Dalam tabel 2, efisiensi armaturnya sama dengan 72%. Nilai ini juga berlaku untuk armatur yang digunakan untuk contoh ini. Jadi efisiensi penerangannya tetap 0,59.
Kalau armatur yang digunakan memiliki efisiensi lain, misalnya 59 %, efisiensi penerangannya akan menjadi :
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