Context Retention Principles of equivalence – Vinay and Darbelnet views:
Equivalence-oriented translation as a procedure whi ch 'replicates the same situation as i n the original, whilst using completely different wording. They also suggest that, if this procedure is applied during the t ranslation process, it can
Nida argued that there are two different types of equivalence, namely formal equivalence— equivalence—which in the second edition by Nida and Taber (1982) is referred to as formal correspondence— correspondence— and dynamic equivalence. Formal correspondence 'focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content', unlike dynamic equivalence which is based upon 'the principle of equivalent effect' (1964:159). In the second editio n (1982) or their work, the two theorists provide a more detailed explanation of each type of equivalence.
maintain the stylistic impact of the SL text in the TL text. According to them, equivalence is therefore the ideal
BACK TRANSLATION
method when the translator has to deal with proverbs, idioms, clichés, nominal or adjectival phrases and the
according to which a translator or team of professional translators interpret a document previously translated into another language back to the original language.
onomatopoeia of animal sounds.
Jakobson and the concept of equivalence in difference
Roman Jakobson's study of equivalence gave new he introduced the notion of 'equivalence in difference'. On the basis of his semiotic approach to language and
Intralingual (within one language, i.e. rewording or paraphrase)
Interlingual (between two languages)
Intersemiotic (between sign systems)
The process of back translation is especially useful for professional translators who wish to ensure t he most absolute quality and accuracy to their clients. De spite taking extra time, back translation as performed by translation
impetus to the theoretical analysis of translation since
his aphorism 'there is no signatum without signum' (1959:232), he suggests three kinds of translation:
back translation can be defined as the procedure
services is an excellent way of avoiding errors later on during the decision-making process.
Principles - Learning grammar rules - Translating back and forth between the target target language and the student’s native language
FIDELITY AND TRANSPARENCY
Nida and Taber: Formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence:
Fidelity refers to the limits to which a given human translation work precisely depicts the underlying message
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or meaning of the source text without distorting it, without
intralingual (equivalence within one language; paraphrasing
intensifying or weakening any part of its context, and otherwise without subtracting or adding to it at all. Transparency pertains to the degree to which a translation
or rewriting the same content). The seco nd type, interlingual, is the one where translation equivalence is classified in.
caters to native speakers and the target audience, such that
Nida's Equivalence Theories: Conversely, E.A. Nida (1964)
idiomatic, syntactic, and grammatical conventions are followed while cultural, political, and social context is kept in mind at all times. Adaptation and localization comes
has written that there are two kinds of equivalence—formal equivalence (also known as formal correspondence) and dynamic equivalence. Formal equivalence is more
closest to this school of thought, with t he caveat that a bit
concerned with word-for-word translation and content
of sacrifice in terms of the intended message will inevitably happen whenever translators use this approach in their translation.
faithfulness, while dynamic equivalence is focused upon context and sense-for-sense adaptation.
EQUIVALENCE Equivalence will always be an important part of human translation as long as the latter exi sts. To be more specific, equivalence is one of the most important considerations of professional translation agents and freelance translation service experts alike when it comes to localizing a website or straightforwardly translating textual material. Therefore, regardless of whether your professional translation agency is doing source oriented (to be as faithful to the original text as possible) or target-oriented (to make sure that the original message is translated in terms that the target audience will understand) translation, there's always some degree of equival ent exchange in different echelons of language. Theories of Equivalence •
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Jakobson's Equivalence Theories: R. Jakobson (1959) believes that equivalence comes in three types— intersemiotic (equivalence between sign systems), interlingual (equivalence between languages) and
Understanding Jargons Jargon - is a type of language that is used in a particular context and may not be well understood outside of it. The context is usually a particular occupation (that is, a certain trade, profession, or academic field), but any in group can have jargon. The main trait that distinguishes jargon from the rest o f a language is special vocabulary—including some words specific to it and, often, narrower senses of words that out groups would tend to take in a broader sense. Differs from slang Slang is a type of informal category of a certain language developed within a certain community and consists of words or phrases whose literal meanings are different than the actual meanings. Hence, it is not understood by people outside of that community or circle.Jargon, on the other hand, is broa dly associated with a subject, occupation or business that makes use of standard words
