RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Boni ave. mandaluyong city
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTS Research Report
Sharmaine Danica G. Marcelo Bachelor of Science in Architecture
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2
A man is the product of his thoughts, what he thinks, he becomes. -Mahatma Gandhi
NAME: JUAN FELIPE DE JESUS NAKPIL NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
Finished civil engineering, University of Kansas 1922 Studied architecture in Fontainebleau School of fine arts 1922 Completed his studies in Harvard University with a masteral degree in architecture 1925
INFLUENCES: Nakpil has created in time a diverse catalogue of structures. Showing influences of French beau arts, art deco, and the international modern style.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: ―If a country‘s architecture truly represents the most enduring evidence of a people cultural values, Filipino architecture must increasingly offer the sharpest insight into the national character and way of life‖
MAJOR WORKS:
CARILLON TOWER
GONZALES HALL, UP
QUEZON HALL, UP
CAPITOL THEATER
AVENUE THEATRE
Carillon Tower Architect: Juan Felipe Nakpil Date Built: 1952 Location: University of the Philippines, Diliman The U.P. Carillon, is still the only carillon in the Philippines and the first of its kind in South East Asia, that is played using a clavier, or a wooden keyboard.
The cream tower with maroon vertical lines is topped by an open-air dome. Narrow steps spiral skyward through five landings. Forged by the famous European casters, the Van Bergen Company of Heiligerlee, Netherlands, the 46 bells of the Carillon were made of bronze, tuned to the chromatic scale, at semi-tone intervals.
Gonzales Hall, University of the Philippines, Diliman Architect: Juan Felipe Nakpil Date Built: Unknown Location: Diliman, Quezon City Gonzalez Hall was named after the University‘s sixth President, Bienvenido M. Gonzalez. It completes the six pioneering buildings of the campus, and is actually
the first to be built as UP transferred from Padre Faura, Manila to Diliman in 1949.These buildings share and portray modern architectural designs, and also serve as landmarks of the University‘s early beginnings, being part of its colorful history for the past one hundred years.
Quezon Hall, University of the Philippines, Diliman Architect: Juan Felipe Nakpil Date Built: Unknown Location: University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
Quezon Hall is the front most building of UP Diliman. It is located behind the Oblation statue as an arch, with three columns supporting the arch. Quezon Hall also hosts the UP Board of Regents as well as other administrative functions and positions in the university.
Capitol Theater Architect: Juan Felipe Nakpil Date Built: 1935 Location: Escolta, Manila The Capitol Theater, situated in Escolta, Manila, was designed by Philippine National Artist for Architecture
Juan Nakpil and was built in the 1930s with an approximate seating capacity of 800. This theater had a double balcony, which is a rare architectural design. With an art deco style by the architect, the theater's facade has reliefs of 2 muses done by Francesco Monti.
Avenue Theatre Architect: Juan Felipe Nakpil Date Built: Unknown Location: Rizal Avenue, Manila
Located along Rizal Avenue in Manila, the theater had a 1,000 seating capacity, with its lobby bearing marble finish flooring. At one point, the building housed a hotel and also served as office space.
AWARD:
In 1939, 1940, 1946 - Architect of the year. In 1950 - Gold medal of architects. In 1951 - Most outstanding professional in architecture, from the Philippine association of board examiners. In 1952 - Honorary correspondents‘ member of societe de architects par le gouvernement francais. In 1955 - Chevalier da la legion d‘honneur.
In 1995 - Presidential medal of merit from president ramon Magsaysay. In 1956 - Correspondent member of colegio de arquitectos de chile. In 1968 - Patnubay ng sining at kalingan award. In 1971 - Republic cultural heritage award. In 1972 - Rizal pro patria award. In 1973 - Pambansang alagad ng sining.
NAME: TOMAS BAUTISTA MAPUA NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
He obtained his elementary education from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and Liceo de Manila. In 1903, he went to the United States for his high school studies. He entered Boone‘s Preparatory School in Berkeley, California. From 1907-1911, he attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where he obtained his bachelor of architecture degree.
INFLUENCES: He devoted his time and efforts to private practice organizing such important concerns as the M.Y.T. Construction Works.
Philosophy/style: He aims to provide technological education about modern Architecture.
MAJOR WORKS:
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL (PGH)
Philippine General Hospital (PGH) Architect: Don Tomas Bautista Mapua Founded: 1907 Timeline: N/A Location: Ermita, Manila, Philippines Construction: 0 The Philippine General Hospital (PGH) is a tertiary state-owned hospital administered and operated by the University of the Philippines Manila, the University of the Philippines System's Health Sciences Center. It is
the largest government hospital administered by the university, and is designated as the National University Hospital. It is located at Ermita, Manila in the Philippines. It is the biggest hospital in the country with a 1,500-bed capacity. It is a mixed-use hospital, with 1,000 beds for indigent patients and 500 beds for private patients, and offers some of the lowest rates for patients and is generally known as the hospital for indigent patients.
Training School Building (Normal School)
Psychopathic Building (National Mental Hospital)
the School for the Deaf and Blind
And many provincial and municipal buildings
Awards:
First Filipino Registered Architects A number of private homes designed and built by Mapua, like those of: Judge Arsenio Locsin on Taft Avenue and Alfonso M. Tiaogue on Carolina Street, were awarded prizes in the annual Manila‘s Beautiful House contest before World War II.
His design of the De La Salle College Building, which was erected in 1916, won the prize of P5, 000 against a number of competing architects (three Spanish, two Americans, one Filipino and one German). In 1964: He won the Manila Cultural Award for Architecture.
NAME: JUAN MARCOS ARELLANO DE GUZMÁN NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
He attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and graduated in 1908. He trained under Lorenzo Guerrero, Toribio Antillon, and Fabian de la Rosa. He pursued architecture and was sent to the United States as one of the first pensionados in architecture. Arellano went to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1911 and subsequently transferred to Drexel to finish his bachelor's degree in Architecture.
INFLUENCES: Juan Arellano was influenced by the neoclassical and eclectic styles prevailing in the US during his stay there as a student. The old Congress building stands as a proof of this pervading influence. It bears the hallmarks of the neoclassical style
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Arellano believed that the Filipino must exalt his own native art, rather than western art, and in effect, become a nationalist. He considered the tribal art of Filipinos in the northern and southern region the only ―true Filipino art,‖ which ―evolved from within, to without, from their soul, from their heart.‖
MAJOR WORKS:
CEBU PROVINCIAL CAPITOL
JONES BRIDGE
MANILA CENTRAL POST OFFICE
MANILA METROPOLITAN THEATER
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES
Cebu Provincial Capitol Architect: Juan Arellano Date Built: 1937 − 1938 Location: Osmena Blvd., Cebu City The capitol features a domed three-level main building flanked by a two-level wing on both sides. The concave facade at the middle portion of the building contains
Jones Bridge Architect: Juan Arellano Date Built: 1916 Location: Manila The Jones Bridge spans the Pasig River, connecting the districts of Binondo on Rosario with the center of Manila. The previous bridge that connected the two
an inscription that says ―The authority of the government emanates from the people. The capitol was damaged during World War II but was eventually rehabilitated under the Tydings War Damage Act of 1946.
districts was the Puente Grande (Great Bridge), later called the Puente de España (Bridge of Spain) located one block upriver on Nueva Street (now E. T. Yuchengco St), the span considered to be the oldest established in the Philippines.
Manila Central Post Office Architect: Juan Arellano Date Built: 1926 − 1946 Location: Manila The Manila Central Post Office is the head office of the Philippine Postal Corporation, and houses the country's main mail sorting-distribution operations. It
is located in the Intramuros district of the city, at the bank of the Pasig River. The building's main entrance faces the Liwasang Bonifacio. The post office building was built in neo-classical architecture in 1926. It was severely damaged in World War II, and rebuilt in 1946 preserving most of its original design.
Manila Metropolitan Theater Architect: Juan Arellano Date Built: 1931 − 1978 Location: Padre Burgos Ave., Manila The Manila Metropolitan Theater or MET is an art deco building designed by the Filipino architect Juan M. Arellano, and inaugurated on December 10, 1931,
with a capacity of 1670 (846 orchestra, 116 in loge, and 708 in balcony). During the liberation of Manila by the United States and Filipino forces in 1945, the theatre was severely damaged, losing some of its roofing and walls battered.
National Museum of the Philippines Architect: Juan Arellano, Antonio Toledo Date Built: 1918 Location: Padre Burgos Avenue, Manila The Old Congress Building (also known as the Old Legislative Building) is a building located on Padre Burgos Avenue, Manila, Philippines. It is currently
home of the National Art Gallery of the National Museum of the Philippines. On September 30, 2010, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared the building as a "National Historical Landmark" by virtue of Resolution No. 8 (dated September 30, 2010).
Awards:
In 1924: he won the top prize of 60,000 pesos in an international architecture contest. In 1935, 1947, and 1948: He headed the Board of Examiners for Architects. From 1947 to 1948: He was the president of the Philippine Institute of Architects of which he became a fellow.
He was named director of the National Planning Commission by President Elpidio Quirino. In 1958: He received the Gold Medal of Merit for Architecture.
NAME: PHILIP H. RECTO NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
Architect Philip Recto obtained his Bachelor of Science degree in Architecture from the University of the Philippines where he was a College Scholar and ranked 2nd Place in the graduating class of 1970. After passing the board examinations in 1971, Recto moved to Singapore where he gained invaluable experience in the design of modern high-rise buildings and condominiums.
INFLUENCES: Contemporary style in designing.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Recto has always believed in honesty, integrity and diligence as the foundation of his profession.
Major Works:
ONE SAN MIGUEL AVENUE
One san Miguel Avenue Type: Office Location: 1 San Miguel Avenue corner Shaw Boulevard, Ortigas Center, Pasig City, Philippines Owner: Amberland Corporation Architect: Philip H. Recto Architects The One San Miguel Avenue is the first office tower owned and developed by Amberland Corporation was designed by Filipino architectural firm Philip H. Recto Architects. Strategically located along San Miguel Avenue corner Shaw Boulevard, it is currently one the highest buildings in Pasig City and in Ortigas Center as a whole, and is quite distinguishable due to its
height and location. It is the home of the Manila Broadcasting Company which occupies the top four floors with executive offices, and a transmitter of DZMB and DWYS and to a branch of international BPO company Sykes and Emerson Electric Company. It is also near numerous office and residential buildings, as well as major shopping malls like SM Megamall, Shangri-La Mall, and St. Francis Square. The building has eight double-decker elevators. The building has 6 basement and 5 aboveground floors for parking of tenants and guests, a canteen at the 9th floor.
Recto has designed numerous landmark buildings among which are the:
Psbank Tower The PNOC Bldg. In Fort Bonifacio, The 54-Storey Manuel M. Lopez Development Center (MMLDC) In Antipolo
AWARDS:
.
In 1999: The state university would honor him as an Outstanding Alumnus in the field of Architecture In 2000: Instituted the Philip H. Recto Design Excellence Award for best thesis at the College of Architecture
NAME: FELINO ALBANO PALAFOX, JR. NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
B.S.Architecture, University of Santo. Thomas 1972 Master in Environmental Planning, University of the Philippines, 1974 Advanced Management Development Program for Real Estate, University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 2003
Harvard
INFLUENCE: Felino Palafox Jr. as the ark is to Noah. As he says ―It was not an act of God. The devastation caused by Typhoon Ondoy could have been averted if humans only listened,‘‘
Philosophy/style: ―Through the plan and the ark, respectively, both forewarned their people of destruction to come their way if they didn‘t mend their ways.‖
Major works:
LAUREANO DI TREVI TOWERS
ROCKWELL CLUB
SUPREME COURT CENTENNIAL BUILDING ANNEX
ROBINSONS PIONEER, PHILIPPINES
STA. ELENA GOLF COURSE COMMUNITY
Laureano Di Trevi Towers Laureano De Trevi is residential condominium consisting of three towers in Pasong Tamo, Makati, Philippines. With the tallest soaring 125 meters, the design concept revolves around the relationship among man, heaven, and earth. The variation of building heights are portrayed by these elements as they reach to the sky. To maintain the feeling of a regular home
with a yard, a sky garden is situated at the podium deck which is shared by the towers. Moreover, this area is envisioned to be a breathing green space complete with various amenities for the use of the residents.
Rockwell Club, Philippines Rockwell Club is the sports and health club located at the ground level of the Amorsolo Square. This club features a wide range of sports and spa facilities,
swimming pools and jacuzzis, restaurants, and meeting rooms.
Supreme Court Centennial Building Annex Located in Padre Faura, near the Philippine General Hospital, this building is annex to the Supreme Court building along Taft Avenue, Manila. The Supreme
Court Annex is a design competition participated by 10 other architectural design firms aside from Palafox Associates.
Robinsons Pioneer, Philippines Robinson‘s Pioneer covers a total commercial block area of 35,659.20 square meters; whose building footprint is 14,954.57 square meters and its site development area is 20,704.63 square meters. This mall is designed as a venue for cultural and recreational activities bringing adults and children together to have fun, recreate, and are entertained. It
encompasses supermarket and leasable spaces at the upper ground level; department store, hardware, and office at the second level; and electronics store, multiscreen cinema, and leasable spaces at the third level. The lower ground floor and the upper third level are allocated for the parking and docking area, projection and mechanical rooms.
Sta. Elena Golf Course Community Adjacent to prime residential Hacienda Sta. Elena in Sta. Rosa, Laguna is Sta. Elena Golf Course Community. This 247-hectare golf course is designed with residential clusters and golfing facilities.
Sta. Elena Golf Course Community is composed of two enclaves. The first is made of five blocks with a total of 105 lots. Three blocks having a total of 73 lots composed the second enclave.
AWARD:
Palafox Associates is the first Filipino architectural firm cited in the World‘s Top 500 Architectural Firms of the World Architecture Magazine. In 2006, the firm ranked 94th– holding the distinction of being the only Southeast Asian firm in the list. ISO 9001 (Quality Management) and ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) by TUV of Germany in Architecture, Urban Planning, Master Planning, Interior Design, Landscape Architecture and Engineering.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Architect registered with Certificate No. PH/00028, 23 April 2009 Consistent BCI Asia Top 10 Architecture Awardee (2005-2011) People of the Year Awadee 2010, People Asia Magazine The Best of the Best in 2010, BizNews Asia Magazine The Outstanding Thomasia Alumni (TOTAL) 2009 Awardee in Architecture by the University of Santo Tomas
NAME: LEANDRO “LINDY” V. LOCSIN NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATIONAL:
He later studied at the De La Salle Brothers in 1935 before returning to Negros due to the Second World War. He returned to Manila to study Pre-Law, before shifting to pursue a Bachelor's Degree in Music at the University of Santo Tomas. Although he was a talented pianist, he later shifted again to Architecture, just a year before graduating.
INFLUENCE: In his visit to the United States, he met some of his influences, Paul Rudolph and Eero Saarinen. It was then he realized to use concrete for his buildings which was relatively cheap in the Philippines and easy to form. His buildings look very modern that many asked if his works were of Filipino architecture.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Post-Colonial Modernity MAJOR WORKS:
ST. ANDREW THE APOSTLE CHURCH
PHILIPPINE PAVILION
PHILIPPINE INT'L CONVENTION CENTER
PARISH OF THE HOLY SACRIFICE
NATIONAL ARTS CENTER
St. Andrew the Apostle Church Architect: Leandro Locsin Date Built: 1967 − 1968 Location: Bel-Air Village, Makati The Saint Andrew the Apostle Parish is a Roman Catholic Church in Bel-Air Village,Makati City. It is one of the known Modern Edifices designed in 1968 by Leandro V. Locsin in Makati City. This Parish is
dedicated to Saint Andrew the Apostle, the patron saint of Metro Manila and Bel-Air Village. The design of this parish church in Bel-Air Makati is symbolic of the manner the martyr died crucified on an X-shaped cross. The butterfly shaped floor plan emanates from this cruciform.
Philippine Pavilion 1970, Osaka Architect: Leandro Locsin Date Built: 1970 Location: Osaka, Japan Since the Philippine Pavilion at Expo ‗70 occupied a small corner lot opposite the large Canadian Pavilion (a mirror-wall pyramid), the architect felt that it had to make a strong architectural statement despite the
limited building budget. The dramatic roof sweeping up from the ground was intended to express the soaring prospects and future-oriented outlook of the Filipino people. The architectural message was that although the Philippines are a young and developing country, it has a progressive spirit.
Philippine International Convention Center Architect: Leandro Locsin Date Built: 1974 − 1976 Location: Pasay City, Manila The Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) is a convention center in the Philippines. Located at
the reclaimed area now known as the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Complex in Pasay City (a Manila suburb), this state-of-the-art facility has been the host of numerous local and foreign conventions, meetings, fairs, and social events.
Parish of the Holy Sacrifice Architect: Leandro Locsin Date Built: 1955 Location: University of the Philippines, Diliman Parish of the Holy Sacrifice or the Church of the Holy Sacrifice is commonly known as the UP Chapel. The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice is the landmark Catholic
chapel in the University of the Philippines, Diliman. Known for its architectural design, the church is recognized as a National Historical Landmark and a Cultural Treasure by the National Historical Institute and the National Museum respectively.
National Arts Center Architect: Leandro Locsin Date Built: 1976 Location: Mt. Makiling, Los Banos Laguna The Center was established in 1976 by First Lady Imelda Marcos as a haven for young and aspiring artists. Its various buildings and facilities are scattered over 13.5 hectares of the Makiling Forest
Reservation and also houses the Philippine High School for the Arts, a government-run secondary educational institution for gifted young Filipino artists. It is currently administered by the Cultural Center of the Philippines. And it is also known as Tanghalang Maria Makiling.
Awards:
In 1990: He was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture by President Corazon C. Aquino.
In 1992: He received the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize from Fukuoka City
NAME: FRANCISO “BOBBY” T. MANOSA NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
Manosa graduated from the University of Santo Tomas with a degree in Bachelor of Science in Architecture in 1953. He passed the board examination for Architects in 1954. In 1957, Archt. Manosa finished a Landscaping Course in Tokyo University in Japan.
Influence: Francisco "Bobby" Mañosa is an influential architect noted for his use of native materials like bamboo and nipa in contemporary architectural designs.
Philosophy/style:
Filipinism Neo vernacular Filipino contemporary ―You must let me inject Filipino design. I design Filipino, nothing else.‖ ―Culture is the divining line; in order to design Filipino, you must know what it means to be a Filipino‖ ―Three factors make architecture truly Filipino; Filipino value, Philippine climate and the use of indigenous materials‖
Major works:
COCONUT PLACE
SAN MIGUEL CORP. BLDG.
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS LIBRARY
MARY IMMACULATE PARISH
ARNAIZ RESIDENCES
Coconut Palace Also known as Tahanang Pilipino, the Coconut Palace is the official residence and principal workplace of the Vice President of the Philippines and is located at the CCP Complex, in Pasay City. The Coconut Palace, built in 1978, was commissioned by former first lady Imelda Marcos. It is made of several types of Philippine hardwood, coconut shells, and a specially engineered
coconut lumber apparently known as Imelda Madera. The palace is shaped like an octagon (the shape given to a coconut before being served), while the roof is shaped like a traditional Filipino salakot or hat. Some of its highlights are the 101 coconut shell chandelier, and the dining table made of 40,000 tiny pieces of inlaid coconut shells.
San Miguel Corporation Building It is known for having the most frequent daily helicopter landings in the Philippines.
Professional Schools Library The Ateneo Professional Schools was formerly known as the Ateneo Graduate School during its Padre Faura days. It consisted of the Law School and Graduate
School of Business. In 1977, the school moved to Salcedo Village, Makati City.
Mary Immaculate Parish The roof burned down on New Year's Eve 2007, at the height of the festive celebrations, due to a wayward kwitis (firework). Restoration is ongoing; meanwhile, Masses are held at the Fr Pierino Multipurpose Hall. Reopening and blessing of the newly-renovated Church
will be held on 08 September 2007, Mama Mary's Birthday! Mary Immaculate Parish Special School was located at Agro homes I, Moonwalk Village Las Pinas City.
Arnaiz residences A weekend beach house for Mr. Ramon Arnaiz, these three storey residence actually gives the illusion of being a single storey family dwelling when approached from the front entry. The rear overlooks the ocean
allowing all floors to enjoy its magnificent view. A combination of sunshades and low glass railing, the user is protected from the sun and enjoys natural light and ventilation.
AWARDS: Archt. Manosa is the recipient of numerous awards from his peers and various civic and religious organizations.
December 2004: He was named one of The Five Outstanding Filipino (TOFIL) by the Philippine Jaycee Senate and Insular Life. June 2004: The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) bestowed upon him the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in the field of Architecture. April 2003: Archt. Manosa was the recipient of the 7th LIKHAGold Medal
Award given by the United Architects of the Philippines. September 1994: He was also recognized by the Professional Regulations Commission as the Most Outstanding Professional of the. September 1982: His Catholic and Thomasian roots merited him the Papal Awardee of the Noble Knighthood of the Pontifical Order of St. Gregory the Great.
NAME: WILLIAM COSCOLLUELA NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
William Coscuella Gained admission into Mapúa, the Philippines‘ premier institute for higher technological learning.
INFLUENCE: ―It was my father who convinced me to take up Architecture. Little did I know that my father‘s wise counsel would mark an important turning point in my life?‖
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: ―You would be able to draw some lessons and insights, and hopefully inspiration as well. The hope is that somewhere in these stories, there lie lessons that will somehow prove useful to you.‖
MAJOR WORKS:
RCBC PLAZA
ZUELLIG BUILDING
ROBINSONS EQUITABLE TOWER
PHILAMLIFE TOWER
RCBC Plaza Type: Office Location: 6819 Ayala Avenue corner Sen. Gil Puyat Avenue, 1227 Makati City, Philippines Architect: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, LLD; W.V. Coscolluela & Associates Structural engineer: Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire; R.S. Caparros Associates & Company
composed of two buildings: the taller RCBC Plaza Yuchengco Tower and the smaller RCBC Plaza Tower 2. The taller tower stands at 192 meters (630 ft) from the ground to its architectural top, and is currently the 8th-tallest complete building in Makati City, and is the 16th-tallest building in the Philippines, while the shorter tower stands at 170 meters (560 ft).
RCBC Plaza is an office skyscraper complex located in Makati City, Philippines. It is home to the offices of the Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC) and is
Zuellig Building Type: Office Location: Makati Avenue corner Paseo de Roxas, Makati City, Philippines Architect: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill; W.V. Coscoluella & Associates Structural engineer: Meinhardt Philippines
The Zuellig Building is an office skyscraper to be constructed in Makati City, Philippines. It is owned by the Zuellig Group and developed by its real estate arm, Bridgebury Realty Corp. It will rise to 155 metres (508.53 feet), and will aim to be the first Gold level LEED Core and Shell Precertified structure in the Philippines.
Robinsons Equitable Tower Type: Office Location: #4 ADB Avenue corner P. Poveda Drive, Ortigas Center, Pasig, Philippines Architect: Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum; W.V. Coscoluella & Associates Structural: engineer R.S. Caparros Associates & Company
The Robinsons Equitable Tower, formerly known as the Robinsons PCI Bank Tower, is an office skyscraperlocated in Pasig, Philippines. It was completed in 1997 and stands at 175 metres (574 feet), making it the current 2nd-tallest complete building in Pasig, and is one of the highest building in the Philippines.
Philamlife Tower Type: Office Location: 8767 Paseo de Roxas Avenue, Makati City, Philippines Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP - New York, in cooperation with W.V. Coscolluela & Associates Structural engineer: Aromin & Sy + Associates, Inc.
The Philamlife Tower is an office skyscraper located in Makati City, Philippines. Standing at 200 metres (656 feet), it is currently the 7th-tallest building in Makati City, and is the 14th-tallest building in the country and Metro Manila as well. The building has 48 floors above ground, and 5 basement levels for parking.
AWARDS:
In 1956-1957: Recipient of the President‘s Gold Medal for Architecture. In 1997: Recipient of the Gold Medal of Merit Award from Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA). In 1997: Awardee for Architecture Diwa ng Lahi at Patnubay ng mga Sining at Kalinangan Araw ng Maynila. In 2005: Gawad Gintong Likha from the Architectural Archives Philippines. In 2005: Vertical Transportation in Architecture Award. International Patron‘s Award BCI Asia Top 10 Award – March 2007. BCI Asia Top 10 2009 Award.
NAME: FROILAN L. HONG NATIONALITY: Filipino EDUCATION:
Archt. Hong obtained his Bachelor of Science in Architecture degree from the Mapua Institute of Technology and his Master of Environmental Planning degree from the University of the Philippines. He is likewise the recipient of a postgraduate Diploma in Housing, Planning and Building (obtained with distinction) from the Boucentrum in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
INFLUENCES: He is likewise the recipient of a postgraduate Diploma in Housing, Planning and Building (obtained with distinction) from the Boucentrum in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Hong successfully used the inquiring scientific tradition of academic research to provide realistic field solutions to the problems of an existing building.
MAJOR WORKS:
Spiritual Formation Center of the Lord’s Flock Catholic Charismatic Group, The Calamba City Hall, The Higher Education Development Center Building, The Philippine Institute of Volcanology & Seismology (PHIVOLCS),
AWARDS:
In 1992 : He was ―Professional of the Year‖ awardees in Architecture And in 2008: in Environmental Planning in 2008.
NAME: ANTONI GAUDÍ I CORNET (1852 - 1926) NATIONALITY: Spanish EDUCATION:
In 1868 Gaudí moved to Barcelona to study architecture. After completing three elective courses at the Provincial School of Architecture, and two courses in the College of Science, he was able to enter the Upper Technical School of Architecture in 1873. He to attend classes in philosophy, history, economics and aesthetics.
INFLUENCE:
John Ruskin - "Ornament is the origin of architecture" William Morris Religion - the basis of Gaudí's inspiration, particularly in later years Catalan nationalism Gothicism, Modernism, Surrealism
Oriental structures Art Nouveau and shapes taken from nature Organic architecture Color, Geometry Eugène Viollet-le-Duc - medieval French architecture.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Gaudi believed that different architectural styles did not depend on aesthetic ideas alone, but on the social and political environments, so he widely studied philosophy, history, economics and aesthetics while he was a college student.
Major works:
CASA BATLLÓ
CASA MILA
SAGRADA FAMILIA
COLONIA GUELL
PARK GUELL
Casa Batlló Location: Barcelona, Spain Building Type: Apartment Building (Remodel) Construction System: Concrete Climate: Mediterranean Context : Urban Style: Expressionist or Art Nouveau The local name for the building is Casa dels ossos (House of Bones), as it has a visceral, skeletal organic quality. It was originally designed for a middle-class
family and situated in a prosperous district of Barcelona. The building looks very remarkable — like everything Gaudí designed, only identifiable as Modernisme or Art Nouveau in the broadest sense. The ground floor, in particular, is rather astonishing with tracery, irregular oval windows and flowing sculpted stone work. Much of the façade is decorated with a mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles that starts in shades of golden orange moving into greenish blues.
Casa Mila Location: Barcelona, Spain Map Building Type: Multifamily Housing Construction System: Masonry and Concrete Climate: Mediterranean Context: Urban Style: Art Nouveau
Casa Milà better known as La Pedrera meaning the 'The Quarry'It was a controversial design at the time for the bold forms of the undulating stone facade and wrought iron decoration of the balconies and windows, designed largely by Josep Maria Jujol, who also created some of the plaster ceilings. In 1984, it was declared World Heritage by UNESCO.
Colonia Guell Location: Near Barcelona, Spain Map Building Type: Church Crypt Construction System: Brick And Stone Masonry Climate: Mediterranean Context: Urban Style: Expressionist
The Church of Colònia Güell is an unfinished work by Antoni Gaudí. It was built as a place of worship for the people in a manufacturing suburb in Santa Coloma de Cervelló, near Barcelona (Spain). Colònia Güell was the brainchild of Count Eusebi de Güell.
Park Guell Location: Montana Pelada, Barcelona, Spain Map Building Type: Park, Sculpture Garden, Landscape Construction System: Earth, Plantings, and Masonry Climate: Mediterranean Context : Urban Style: Expressionist
Park Güell is a garden complex with architectural elements situated on the hill of El Carmel in the Gràcia district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was designed by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí and built in the years 1900 to 1914. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Works of Antoni Gaudí
Sagrada Familia Location: Barcelona, Spain Map Building Type: Church Construction System: Masonry Climate: Mediterranean Context: Urban Style: Expressionist The crypt of the church, funded by donations, was begun 19 March 1882, on the festival of St. Joseph, to
the design of the architect Francisco de Paula del Villar, whose plan was for a Gothic revival church of a standard form.Antoni Gaudí began work on the project in 1883. On 18 March 1883 Villar retired from the project, and Gaudí assumed responsibility for its design, which he changed radically.
Awards:
1900: Casa Calvet named Building of the Year by the City of Barcelona 1969: Casa Milà, Casa Vincens, Colegio Teresiano, Parque Güell, and Sagrada Familia, named Historic-Artistic Monuments of National Interest
1984: Casa Milà, Palau Güell, and Parque Güell granted World Heritage status by UNESCO
“Color in certain places has the great value of making the outlines and structural planes seem more energetic.” A. GAUDI
NAME: KENZO TANGE (1913-2005) NATIONALITY: Japanese EDUCATION:
Tange moved to Hiroshima in 1930 to attend high school. Tange also enrolled in the film division at Nihon University's art department to dodge Japan's drafting of young men to its military and seldom attended classes. In 1935 Tange began the tertiary studies he desired at University of Tokyo's architecture department.
INFLUENCE: Although becoming an architect was beyond his wildest dreams as a boy, it was Le Corbusier‘s work that stirred his imagination so that in 1935, he became a student in the Architecture Department of Tokyo University.
Philosophy/style: "Architecture must have something that appeals to the human heart, but even then, basic forms, spaces and appearances must be logical. Creative work is expressed in our time as a union of technology and humanity. The role of tradition is that of a catalyst, which furthers a chemical reaction, but is no longer detectable in the end result. Tradition can, to be sure, participate in a creation, but it can no longer be creative itself."
Major works:
FUJI BROADCASTING CENTER
HIROSHIMA PEACE CENTER
NICHINAN CULTURAL CENTER
OLYMPIC ARENA
St. Mary's Cathedral
Fuji Broadcasting Center Location: Tokyo, Japan Map Building Type: Broadcasting Center, Commercial Offices Construction System: Metal Cladding Climate: Temperate Context : Urban Style: Modern, Neo-Metabolist
It is known as the "Fuji TV Headquarters". Have a Mega structure of square tubes and blocks, with a focal sphere with a large island of reclaimed land in the Odaiba neighborhood.
Hiroshima Peace Center Location: Hiroshima, Japan Map Building Type: Museum and Community Center Construction System: Concrete Climate: Humid Subtropical Context: Urban Style: Modern By designing the Hiroshima Peace Center and Memorial Park, Tange expressed the solidarity of
human kind as well as symbolizing a commitment to peace. An undeniable Modern style is expressed in one of Kenzo Tange‘s first buildings in the postwar period. Inevitably suggesting Le Corbusier influences, the museum is supported on pillars, like Le Corbusier‘s patented piloti. Furthermore, the building is articulated with reinforced concrete, a natural convention of Corbu.
Nichinan Cultural Center Location: Nichinan, Japan Building Type: Cultural Center Construction System: Reinforced Concrete Climate: Humid Subtropical Context : Urban Style: Modern
Aggressive, angular concrete masses composed to restfulness.
Olympic Arena Location: Tokyo, Japan map Timeline: 1961 to 1964 Building Type: Sports Stadium Construction System: Concrete, Steel Cable Climate: temperate Context : Urban Style: Modern, Structural Expressionist
"Tokyo Olympic Stadium". Swooping roof suspended on two 13" steel cables.
St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo Location: Tokyo, Japan map Timeline: 1963 Building Type: Church Construction System: Concrete Climate: Temperate Context : Urban Style: Modern
"The plan of the building is in the form of a cross, from which the walls, eight hyperbolic parabolas, rise up at an angle. These open upwards to form a cross of light which continues vertically the length of the four facades.The exterior surfaces are clad in stainless steel, which gives them a special radiance in keeping with the religious character of the building."
AWARDS:
In 1987: winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize In 1959: He received his doctorate, followed by numerous honorary doctorates around the world.
In 1973: when he received the French Architecture Academy's gold medal, he was the only person in the world to have received as well, the gold medals from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the American Institute of Architects.
“Nevertheless, the basic forms, spaces, and appearances must be logical.” K. TANGE
NAME: RICHARD LOUIS MEIER (1920 - 2007) NATIONALITY: Jewish EDUCATION:
He earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree from Cornell University in 1957.
INFLUENCE:
Meier says, "Le Corbusier was a great influence, but there are many influences and they are constantly changing. Frank Lloyd Wright was a great architect, and I could not have done my parent's house the way that I did, without being overwhelmed by Falling Water." Meier continued, "We are all affected by LeCorbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, Alvar Aalto, and Mies van der Rohe. But no less than Bramante, Borromini and Bernini, Architecture is a tradition, a long continuum. Whether we break with tradition or enhance it, we are still connected to that past."
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Meier has created a series of striking, but related designs. He usually designs white Neo-Corbusian forms with enameled panels and glass. These structures usually play with the linear relationships of ramps and handrails. Although all have a similar look, Meier manages to generate endless variations on his singular theme.
MAJOR WORKS:
DOUGLAS HOUSE
HIGH MUSEUM OF ART
MUSEUM OF DECORATIVE ARTS
SMITH HOUSE
THE ATHENEUM
Douglas House Location: Harbor Springs, Michigan Map Building Type: House Climate : Temperate Context : Lakeside Slope Style: Modern
The dramatic dialogue between the whiteness of the house and the primary blues and greens of the water, trees, and sky allows the house not only to assert its own presence but to enhance, by contrast, the beauty of its natural environment as well.
High Museum of Art Location: Atlanta, Georgia Map Building Type: Art Museum Construction System: Concrete Frame, Enameled Steel Cladding Style: Modern
The High Museum of Art located in Atlanta, is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States and one of the most-visited art museums in the world. Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the city's arts district, the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center.
Museum of Decorative Arts Location: Frankfurt, Germany Map Building Type: Art Museum, Art Gallery Climate: Temperate Context : Urban Style: Modern
This dialogue strongly influenced the design of the Museum for the Decorative Arts in Frankfurt am Main. The parti developed out of a notion of context that takes in not only geographic features but also historical and typological ones. The scheme here is meant to connect: to respond to, enlarge, and reinforce the public context and the urban fabric."
Smith House Location: Darien, Connecticut Building: Type House Construction System: Vertical Wood Siding Climate: Temperate Context : Suburban Style: Modern
There is a formal layering, giving a sense of progression, as one moves across the site from the entrance road down to the shore, and the 'line of progression' determines the major site axis. Perpendicular to this axis, the intersecting planes in the house respond to the rhythms of the slope, trees, rock outcroppings, and the shoreline.
The Atheneum Location: New Harmony, Indiana Map Building Type: Community Center Construction System: Steel Frame, Porcelain Enameled Cladding Climate: Temperate Style: Modern
The Atheneum in New Harmony, Indiana serves as a visitation starting point to this important utopian settlement. The building is an object, apart from the historic town in distance and character, whose spatial experiences explore the relationship between architecture and society as the town it reveals once attempted.
AWARDS:
1984: Meier was awarded the Pritzker
His work Jesolo Lido Village was
Prize. 2008: He won the gold medal in architecture from the Academy of Arts and Letters and
awarded the Dedalo Minosse International Prize for commissioning a building.
“Be smart, but never show it.” R. MAYER
NAME: FRANK LLYOD WRIGHT (1867- 1959) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
Wright attended a Madison high school, but there is no evidence he ever graduated.
He was admitted to the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a special
student in 1886. There he joined Phi Delta Theta fraternity, took classes part-time for two semesters, and worked with a professor of civil engineering, Allan D. Conover in 1887. Wright left the school without taking a degree (although he was granted an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from the University in 1955).
INFLUENCES: Frank Lloyd Wright has influenced American architecture in a way that will always be seen. One can see his influence in one way or another. The largest area of influence has been the American homes.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: ―A great architect is not made by way of a brain nearly so much as he is made by way of a cultivated, enriched heart‖.
MAJOR WORKS:
TALIESIN (STUDIO)
FLORIDA SOUTHERN COLLEGE
FALLING WATER
ROBIE HOUSE
PRICE TOWER
Taliesin (Studio) Location: South of Spring Green, In Iowa County, Wisconsin Built: 1911 Taliesin was the summer home of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright began the building in 1911 after leaving his first wife, Catherine Tobin, and his
Oak Park, Illinois, home and studio in 1909. The impetus behind Wright's departure was his affair with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, who had been his client, along with her husband, Edwin Cheney. His winter home, Taliesin West, is located in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Florida Southern College Motto: Lux Sapientia Lex (Latin: "Light, Wisdom, and Law") President: Anne B. Kerr Academic staff: 109 [2] Students: 2,426 Undergraduates: 2,278 Postgraduates: 148 Location: Lakeland, Florida, United States
Florida Southern College is a private college located in Lakeland, Florida, United States. It was selected by U.S. News & World Report as one of the top ten Southern Comprehensive Colleges-Bachelors, and by The Princeton Review as a Best Southeastern College, a Best Value College, and included in the Best 366 Colleges: 2008. Florida Southern is the home of the world‘s largest single-site collection of Frank Lloyd Wright architecture.
Falling water Location: Mill Run, Pennsylvania Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Architectural Style: Organic Architecture
It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966. In 1991, members of the American Institute of Architects named the house the "best all-time work of American architecture" and in 2007, it was ranked twenty-ninth on the list of America's Favorite Architecture according to the AIA.
Robie House Location: 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, USA Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Architectural style: Prairie style
It was designed and built between 1908 and 1910 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and is renowned as the greatest example of his Prairie style, the first architectural style that was uniquely American.
Price Tower Type: Multi-use Location: 510 Dewey Avenue Bartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S. Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
The Price Tower is a nineteen story, 221 foot high tower in Bartlesville, Oklahoma that was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. It is the only realized skyscraper by Wright, and is one of only two vertically-oriented Wright structures extant (the other is the S.C. Johnson Wax Research Tower in Racine, Wisconsin).
AWARDS:
He received honorary degrees from
In 1941: He received Gold Medal awards
several universities
from The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) In 1949: He received Gold Medal awards from the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1953: He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Frank P. Brown Medal.
In 2000, Falling water was named "The
Building of the 20th century" in an unscientific "Top-Ten" poll taken by members attending the AIA annual convention in Philadelphia. On that list, Wright was listed along with many of the USA's other greatest architects.
“The mother art is architecture. Without architecture of our own we have no soul of our own civilization.” -
F. WRIGHT -
NAME: IEOH MING PEI (1917) NATIONALITY: Chinese EDUCATION:
I.M Pei emigrated to the us at 17 to study architecture at M.I.T. (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) until 1940
and obtained his 'master' in architecture in 1946 from the Harvard graduate school of design
INFLUENCES: As a student he was influenced by the work of le Corbusier, Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE:
He believed that the only issue of contemporary concern was life itself; buildings should be created as living spaces — spaces of activity and thought – rather than static monuments.
The relationship between site and building design Due to his reliance on abstract form and materials such as stone, concrete, glass, and steel, Pei has been considered a disciple of Walter Gropius.
To the architectural world, Pei legacy is his belief that architecture ―is the mirror of life itself.‖
MAJOR WORKS:
NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
Bank of China Tower
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CENTER
JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER
ROCK AND ROLL HALL OF FAME
National Center for Atmospheric Research Location: Boulder, Colorado Map Building Type: Research Center Construction System: Concrete Climate: Cold Temperate Context: Rural Mountains Style: Modern
The National Center for Atmospheric Research has multiple facilities, including the I. M. Pei-designed Mesa Laboratory headquarters in Boulder, Colorado. NCAR is managed by the nonprofit University.
Bank of China Tower Location: Hong Kong Map Building Type: Skyscraper, Commercial Office Tower Construction System: Steel Frame, Glass Curtain Wall Climate: Tropical Context: Urban Style: Modern
Bank of China often is one of the big four state-owned commercial banks of the People's Republic of China. It was founded in 1912 by the Government of the Republic of China, to replace the Government Bank of Imperial China. It is the oldest bank in China. From its establishment until 1942..
Christian Science Center Location: Boston, Massachusetts Map Building Type: Corporate Headquarters (Religious) Construction System: Reinforced Concrete Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Campus Style: Modern
The Christian Science Church Center is also home to one of the city‘s most fascinating and most visited attractions - the Mapparium, located within the Christian Science Publishing Society. A thirty-foot stained-glass globe room in lobby gives one an "inside view" of the world. Standing on the thirty-foot glass bridge, which traverses the diameter of this large sphere, visitors can virtually be encompassed by the world.
Javits Convention Center Location: New York, New York Map Building Type: Convention Center Construction System: Steel and Glass, Space Frame Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Modern
The Center is operated and maintained by the New York City Convention Center Operating Corporation. The exhibit space is over 675,000 square feet (62,700 m2). Planning and constructing a convention center on Manhattan's west side has had a long and controversial history, including efforts starting in the early 1970s to produce a West Side development megaproject.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Location: Cleveland, Ohio Map Building Type: Museum, Hall Of Fame Climate: Temperate Style: Electric Modern
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was dedicated to archiving the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers and others who have, in some major way, influenced the music industry through the genre of rock music. The museum is part of the city's redeveloped North Coast Harbor.
AWARDS:
In 1963: Pei has won – in the words of his
biographer – "every award of any consequence in his art", including the Arnold Brunner Award from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. In 1979: The Gold Medal for Architecture from the American Academy of Arts and Letters In 1979: The AIA Gold Medal.
In 1989: The first Premium Imperial for
Architecture from the Japan Art Association.
The Lifetime Achievement Award from the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum.
The 2010 Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects.
In 1983: He was awarded the Pritzker Prize, sometimes called the Nobel Prize of architecture.
NAME: EERO SAARINEN (1910 –1961) NATIONALITY: Finnish American EDUCATION:
He took courses in sculpture and furniture at the Cranbrook Academy of Art. a September 1929, he studied sculpture at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris, France.
Then he went on to study at the Yale School of Architecture, completing his studies in 1934. INFLUENCES:
Eero Saarinen's influence on post-World War II design and architecture is an unmistakable part of the modern American psyche, reflecting a time of ambition and innovation.
PHILOSOPHY:/STYLE: He carefully studied the site and its surroundings to ensure that the design encompassed the whole environment. His opinion was that, "...all parts of an architectural composition must be parts of the same form-world." The Arch was to rise majestically from a small forest set on the edge of the great river. Saarinen considered it to be perfect in its form and its symbolism.
MAJOR WORKS:
GATEWAY ARCH
TWA AT NEW YORK
DULLES AIRPORT
KRESGE AUDITORIUM
JOHN DEERE AND COMPANY
Gateway Arch Location: St. Louis, Missouri Map Building Type: Memorial Arch, Monument, Observation Tower Construction System: Stainless Steel Climate: Temperate Context: Riverside Urban Park Style: Structural Expressionist Modern
Arched gateway to the historical American West, on the bank of the Mississippi River. A 630 foot high graceful sweeping tapered curve of stainless steel, the St. Louis Gateway Arch is the tallest memorial in the US.
TWA at New York Location: New York, New York Map Building Type: Airport Terminal Construction System: Concrete Climate: Temperate Context: Suburban Style: Modern
Portions of the original complex have been demolished, and the Saarinen terminal (or head house) has been renovated, partially encircled by and serving as a ceremonial entrance to a new adjacent terminal completed in 2008. Together, the old and new buildings comprise JetBlue Airways' JFK operations and are known collectively as Terminal 5 or simply T5.
Dulles Airport Location: Chantilly, Virginia Map Building Type: Airline Terminal Construction System: Concrete Climate: Temperate Context: Suburban Style: Modern
Washington Dulles International Airport is a public airport in Dulles, Virginia, 26 miles (41.6 km) west of downtown Washington, D.C. The airport serves the Baltimore-Washington-Northern Virginia metropolitan area centered on the District of Columbia. It is named after John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State under Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Dulles main terminal is a well-known landmark designed by Eero Saarinen.
Kresge Auditorium Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts Map Building Type: School Auditorium Construction System: Thin Shell Concrete Dome, Copper Roof Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Park Campus Style: Structuralize Modern
Kresge Auditorium is an auditorium building for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, located at 48 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designed by the noted architect Eero Saarinen, with ground-breaking in 1953 and dedication in 1955. The building was named for its principal funder, Sebastian S. Kresge, founder of S. S. Kresge Stores (corporate predecessor of Kmart) and the Kresge Foundation.
John Deere and Company Location: Moline, Illinois Map Building Type: Commercial Office Block Construction System: Steel Frame, Weathering Steel and Glass Facade Climate: Temperate Context: Wooded Style: Modern
Deere & Company, usually known by its brand name John Deere is an American corporation based in Moline, Illinois, and the leading manufacturer of agricultural machinery in the world. In 2010, it was listed as 107th in the Fortune 500 ranking. Deere and Company agricultural products, sold under the John Deere name, include tractors, combine harvesters, cotton harvesters, balers, planters/seeders, sprayers, and UTVs.
AWARDS:
In 1952: Eero Saarinen was elected a Fellow
of the American Institute of Architects. He is also a winner of the AIA Gold Medal.
Saarinen is now considered one of the masters of architecture.
American
20th
Century
NAME: MINORU YAMASAKI (1912-1986) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
Yamasaki grew up in auburn, Washington and attended Auburn Senior High School.
He enrolled in the University of Washington program in architecture in 1929. Graduated with a Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) in 1934. He enrolled at New York University for a master's degree in architecture and got a job with the architecture firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, designers of the Empire State Building.
INFLUENCES: Yamasaki‘s interests took a new turn when he was visited by an uncle, Koken Ito, who was an architect, and he began taking courses with aspiring architects
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: He described his design philosophy by quoting Ralph Waldo Emerson: ―beauty rests on necessities: the line of beauty is the result of perfect economy. The cell of the beehive is built at that angle which gives the most strength with the least wax.‖
MAJOR WORKS:
WORLD TRADE CENTER
ONE M & T PLAZA
ONE WOODWARD AVENUE
TORRE PICASSO
TEMPLE BETH EL BUILDING
World TradeCenter Location: New York City Destroyed: September 11, 2001 Architect: Minoru Yamasaki and Emery Roth & Sons Engineer: Leslie E. Robertson Associates On September 20, 1962, the Port Authority announced the selection of Minoru Yamasaki as lead architect and Emery Roth & Sons as associate architects. Yamasaki
devised the plan to incorporate twin towers; Yamasaki's original plan called for the towers to be 80 stories tall. To meet the Port Authority's requirement for 10,000,000 square feet (930,000 m2) of office space, the buildings would each have to be 110 stories tall.
One Woodward Avenue Type: office Location: Detroit, Michigan United States Architect: Minoru Yamasaki and SmithGroup The building now known as One Woodward Avenue is a skyscraper and class-A office center in Detroit,
Michigan. Located next to the city's Civic Center and Financial District, it overlooks the International Riverfront and was designed to blend with the CityCounty Building across Woodward Avenue and Ford Auditorium and Cobo Center to the south.
One M & T Plaza Status: Complete Type: Office Location: 1 M&T Plaza, Buffalo, NY, USA Architect: Minoru Yamasaki One M&T Plaza is an office tower located in Buffalo, New York and home to M&T Bank in Erie County. The 21 floor tubular International style office was built by
Minoru Yamasaki with Duane Lyman Associates and completed in 1966. Yamasaki was the architect for the World Trade Center in New York City. The Structural Steel for the building was produced locally by Bethlehem Steel, and was a product of their V50 grade.
Torre Picasso Location: Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid, Spain Architect: Minoru Yamasaki; in collaboration with Jorge Mir Valls and Rafael Coll Pujol
Picasso Square, within the commercial complex AZCA along the Paseo de la Castellana. It was designed by Minoru Yamasaki.
Torre Picasso (Picasso Tower) is a skyscraper in Madrid, Spain. From 1988 till 2007 it was the tallest building in Madrid with its 157 m (515 ft) and 43 floors. Torre Picasso is located next to the Pablo
Temple Beth El building Location: 8801 Woodward Ave., Detroit, Michigan Architect: Albert Kahn Architectural style: Classical Revival Temple Beth El, also known as Temple Beth-El, is a Reform synagogue currently located in Bloomfield Township, Michigan. Beth El was founded in 1850 in
the city of Detroit, and is the oldest Jewish congregation in Michigan. In 1982, its two former buildings in Detroit, at 3424 and 8801 Woodward Avenue were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
AWARDS:
In 1960: Yamasaki was elected as a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.
Yamasaki won the American Institute of Architects' First Honor Award three times.
“The view outside was much more important than the exhibits.” - M. YAMASAKI
NAME: Skidmore Owings and Merrill (SOM) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
Louis Skidmore studied at Bradley Polytechnic Institute, now
known as Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois, finishing in 1917. Nathaniel A. Owings experiences inspired him to begin to study architecture at the University of Illinois, but had to quit the school prematurely because of illness. He continued his education at Cornell University, earning a degree in 1927. John Ogden Merrill Sr. studied at the University of Wisconsin from 1915 through 1917. His education was interrupted by his war time service in the military.] During World War I, he served as a captain in the coastal artillery. When released from the military in 1919, he continued his education.
INFLUENCES: Many of SOM's post-war designs have become icons of American modern architecture. Although SOM was one of the first major modern American architectural firms to promote a corporate face, many famous architects, engineers and interior designers have been associated with the various national offices. Due to their faithful following of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe‘s ideas, Frank Lloyd Wright nicknamed them "The Three Blind Mies".
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: S.O.M primary expertise is in high-end commercial buildings, as it was SOM that led the way to the widespread use of the modern international-style or "glass box" skyscraper. They have built several of the tallest buildings in the world
MAJOR WORKS:
AIR FORCE ACADEMY CHAPEL
WEYERHAEUSER HEADQUARTERS
FIRST WISCONSIN PLAZA
HAJ TERMINAL
SEARS TOWER
Air Force Academy Chapel Location: Colorado Springs, Colorado map Building Type: Chapel Climate: Cold Temperate Context: Rural Campus Style: Expressionist Modern The United States Air Force Academy is an accredited college for the undergraduate education of officer
candidates for the United States Air Force. The Academy's stated mission is "to educate, train, and inspire men and women to become officers of character, motivated to lead the United States Air Force in service to our nation." It is the youngest of the five United States service academies, having graduated its first class in 1959.
First Wisconsin Plaza Location: Madison, Wisconsin map Building Type: Commercial Office Building Construction System: STEEL AND GLASS Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Modern The back of the building is a straight, nine-story wall of glass, while the front steps down with sloping glass
roofs to the first floor. The banking facilities, located on the lower, ground and first levels, penetrate deep into the building, providing generous space for the thirty-foot high atrium. Offices on the upper floors wrap around a fourth floor roof garden on three sides and have unobstructed views of the centrally located Capitol Square.
Weyerhaeuser Headquarters Location: near Tacoma, Washington map Building Type: Commercial Offices, Ground Scraper, Corporate Headquarters Construction System: Long Span Concrete, SiliconeGlazed Glass Climate: Temperate Context: Rural Style: Modern
Weyerhaeuser is one of the largest pulp and paper companies in the world. It is the world's largest private sector owner of softwood timberland; and the second largest owner of United States timberland, behind Plum Creek Timber. Weyerhaeuser has approximately 20,000 employees in 13 countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, China, Mexico, Ireland, France, and Uruguay.
Haj Terminal Location: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia map Building Type: Airport Terminal Construction System: Tensile Fabric Roofs Climate: Desert Style: Modern The late King Khalid opened the King Abdul Aziz International Airport in Jeddah. This airport, which has special facilities for handling the annual influx of
pilgrims performing Hajj, has a land area of 105 square kilometers. It has three separate terminals, one for internal flights, the second for international flights by more than forty foreign airlines and the third terminal is reserved for pilgrims. The fiberglass pilgrim terminal is tent-shaped. Its 12-teflon coated tents are highly resistant to heat, humidity and weather changes.
Sears Tower Location: Chicago, Illinois map Building Type: Corporate Headquarters, Skyscraper, Commercial Office Tower Construction System: Steel Frame with BronzeTinted Glass Curtain Wall Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Corporate Modern
The building consists of nine framed tubes, which are actually nine skyscrapers on themselves taken together into one building. The other rise up to the sixty-fifth floor from the sixty-sixth to the ninetieth floor, the tower has the shape of a crucifix. Two tubes, creating a rectangular, reach the full height of 442 meter (1451ft).
AWARD:
In 1996 and 1962, SOM received the
Architecture Firm Award from the American Institute of Architects, which recognizes the design work of an entire firm. SOM is the only firm to have received this honor twice.
August 2009, SOM received four of 13 R+D
Awards from Architect Magazine. In addition, a collaboration between SOM and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, The Center for Architecture, Science and Ecology, was honored with a fifth award.
NAME: WALTER ADOLPH GEORG GROPIUS (1883–1969) NATIONALITY: German/ American EDUCATION:
He studied architecture in Berlin and Munich (1903-1907), he received no degree. INFLUENCES: Gropius and Meyer were influenced by Wright's style especially in the horizontality and the wide overhanging eaves, but also in the symmetry, the corner pavilions, and the whole spirit of Wright's concept.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Gropius's educational philosophy encompassed the designing of all functional objects. His goal was to raise the level of product design by combining art and industry. Although these principles were inherited from English reformers like William Morris, Gropius was able to implement them when he reorganized the Arts and Crafts School in Weimar, which became the world-famous Bauhaus
MAJOR WORKS:
HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER
FAGUS WORKS
GROPIUS HOUSE
BAUHAUS
Harvard Graduate Center Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts Map Building Type: Academic Center Construction System: Concrete with Brick Exterior Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Campus Style: Modern
Harvard University in 1948. The first modern building on the campus, it was also the first endorsement of the modern style by a major university and was seen in the national and architectural presses as a turning point in the acceptance of the aesthetic in the U.S. The physical Gropius hallmarks – large windows, flowing rooms, floating facades on raised pilotis – are all present here.
The Harvard Graduate Center, also known as "the Gropius Complex" (including Harkness Commons), was commissioned of The Architects Collaborative by
Gropius House Location: Lincoln, Massachusetts Map Building Type: Architect's House Construction System: Wood Frame, Vertical Wood Siding Climate: Temperate Context: Semi-Rural Style: Modern
The Gropius House was the family residence of noted architect Walter Gropius at 68 Baker Bridge Road, Lincoln, Massachusetts. It is now owned by Historic New England and is open to the public Wednesday through Sunday (June 1 – October 15, and weekends (October 16 – May 31). An admission fee is charged. This house was his first architectural commission in the United States.
Fagus Works Location: Alfeld an Der Leine, Germany Map Building Type: Factory Construction System: Steel, Brick Masonry, Glass Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Early Modern
the company's break from the past, the factory was designed by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer. For the first time a complete facade is conceived in glassflat roof has also changed. Only in the buildings by Adolf Loos which was done one year before the Fagus Factory, have we seen the same feeling for the pure cube. Another exceedingly important quality of Gropius's building is that, thanks to the large expanses of clear glass, the usual hard separation of exterior and interior is annihilated.
The Fagus Factory a shoe last factory in Alfeld on the Leine in Germany, is an important example of early modern architecture. Commissioned by owner Carl Benscheidt who wanted a radical structure to express
Bauhaus Location: Dessau, Germany Map Building Type: Art and Architecture School Construction: System and Glass Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Modern Exemplar
crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term Bauhaus, literally "house of construction" stood for "School of Building". The Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar.
Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined
Awards:
On 12 May 1954: Walter Gropius received the award of the honorary degree of Doctor of Science.
“Architecture begins where engineering ends.” W. GROPIUS
NAME: LE CORBUSIER (1887 –1965) NATIONALITY: Swiss/ French EDUCATION:
He attended a kindergarten that used Fröbelian methods. Le Corbusier was attracted to the visual arts and studied at the La-Chaux-deFonds Art School. In 1908, He studied architecture in Vienna with Josef Hoffmann. Later in 1911, he journeyed to the Balkans and visited Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey.
INFLUENCES: Le Corbusier was heavily influenced by problems he saw in industrial cities at the turn of the 19th to 20th century (that is, from the 19th to the 20th century). He thought that industrial housing techniques led to crowding, dirtiness, and a lack of a moral landscape. Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities of Tomorrow heavily influenced Le Corbusier and his contemporaries.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Le Corbusier designs in architecture, urban planning and furniture, are based on his theory of functionalism and in the use of new symbols. One of these is concept of flat roofs, which the introduction of the use of reinforced concrete in architecture made attainable. In Le Corbusier philosophy the creation of new functions in design is aimed at originating modern values.
MAJOR WORKS:
CONVENT OF LA TOURETTE
OZENFANT HOUSE AND STUDIO
PALACE OF ASSEMBLY
UNITE D'HABITATION
MAISONS JAOUL
Convent of La Tourette Location: Eveux-Sur-Arbresle, Near Lyon, France Map Building Type: Monastery Construction System: Concrete Climate: Temperate Context: Rural Style: Modern Sainte Marie de La Tourette is a Dominican Order priory in a valley near Lyon, France designed by
architects Le Corbusier and Iannis Xenakis and constructed between 1956 and 1960. Le Corbusier's design of the building began in May, 1953 with sketches drawn at Arbresle, France outlining the basic shape of the building and terrain of the site. La Tourette is considered one of the more important buildings of the late Modernist style.
Ozenfant House and Studio Location: Paris, France Map Building Type: House and Artist's Studio Construction System: Stucco Exterior Finish Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Street Corner Style: Early Modern This is the first work that Le Corbusier built in Paris.
However, it was not the only, since that same year and the following other projects designed to house painters. By then, Le Corbusier had already been investigating the new materials (reinforced concrete), and had also developed some of his most important work of youth. These houses studio, not represent a true embodiment of Le Corbusier's theories and are reflections of many of them.
Palace of Assembly Location: Chandigarh, India Map Building Type: Parliament House Construction System: Cast-In-Place Concrete Climate: Hot Context: Urban, Planned City Style: Modern The first of Le Corbusier‘s architectural ideals is the use of pilotis to lift the structure off of the ground. Reinforced concrete columns are utilized in a grid
throughout the Palace of the Assembly and are slightly altered to raise a large swooping concrete form high above the entrance. This form represents the second point of Le Cobusier‘s list– a free facade. Pilotis allow the form to express the grandiose release of space precisely as Corbusier intended. The other various facades of the building also bestow the free facade via brise-soleil formed from the golden ratio.
Unite d'Habitation Location: Marseilles, France Map Building Type: Multifamily Housing Construction System: Concrete Climate: Mediterranean Style: Modern
The Unité d'Habitation (Housing Unit) is the name of a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. The concept formed the basis of several housing developments designed by him throughout Europe with this name.
Maisons Jaoul Location: Neuilly-Sur-Seine, Paris, France Map Building Type: Housing Construction System: Brick and Concrete Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Modern Maisons Jaoul is a celebrated pair of houses in the upmarket Paris suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine designed
by Le Corbusier and built in 1954-56. They are among his most important post-war buildings and feature a rugged aesthestic of unpainted cast concrete "beton brut" and roughly detailed brickwork. They were for a time owned by English millionaire Lord Palumbo. They now belong to two sisters who live there with their families.
AWARD:
He was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal in 1961.
“To create architecture is to put in order. Put what in order? Function and objects.” -
LE CORBUSIER
NAME: LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE (1886 –1969) NATIONALITY: German EDUCATION:
He attended the Cathedral School there between 1897 and 1900. In 1905 he moved to Berlin and, without formal architectural training, became an apprentice in the office of furniture designer (famous interior designer) Bruno Paul.
INFLUENCES: Under Behrens' influence, Mies developed a design approach based on advanced structural techniques and Prussian Classicism. He also developed sympathy for the aesthetic credos of both Russian Constructivism and the Dutch De Stijl group. He borrowed from the post and lintel construction of Karl Friedrich Schinkel for his designs in steel and glass
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Famous for his dictum 'Less is more', Mies attempted to create contemplative, neutral spaces through an architecture based on material honesty and structural integrity. Over the last twenty years of his life, Mies achieved his vision of a monumental 'skin and bone' architecture. His later works provide a fitting denouement to a life dedicated to the idea of a universal, simplified architecture
MAJOR WORKS:
CROWN HALL
LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS
WEISSENHOF APARTMENTS
SEAGRAM BUILDING
NEW NATIONAL GALLERY
Crown Hall Location: Chicago, Illinois Map Timeline: 1950 To 1956 Building Type: Architecture School Construction System: Steel and Glass Climate: Temperate Context: Campus Style: Modern
Widely regarded as Mies van Der Rohe's masterpiece, Crown Hall is one of the most architecturally significant buildings of the 20th Century Modernist movement. Crown Hall was completed in 1956 during Mies van der Rohe's tenure as director of IIT's Department of Architecture.
Lake Shore Drive Apartments Location: Chicago, Illinois Map Building Type: Skyscraper Apartment Towers, Multifamily Housing Construction System: Steel Frame Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Near Waterfront Style: Modern This building like many of his Chicago high-rise structures causes controversy in the pure minimalist
community due to its mullions. Mies is hailed as the father of "less is more" however 860–880 Lake Shore Drive is covered in non-functional I-beam mullions. Mies explains how the mullions do not violate his less is more philosophy in an 1960 interview "To me structure is something like logic. It is the best way to do things and express them‖. The mullions on his buildings reflect the inner structure and therefore give truth to the aesthetic of the building.
New National Gallery Location: Berlin, Germany Map Building Type: Exhibition Building Construction System: Steel Frame With Coffered Rib Roof Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Modern
The New National Gallery, the famous "temple of light and glass" designed by Mies van der Rohe, houses the collection of 20th century European painting and sculpture. Ranging from early modern art to art of the 1960s, the collection includes works by Munch, Kirchner, Picasso, Klee, Feininger, Dix, Kokoschka, and many others
Seagram Building Location: New York, New York Map Building Type: Skyscraper, Commercial Office Tower Construction System: Steel Frame with Curtain Wall, Bronze Exterior "Columns" Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: Modern
The building stands 516 feet tall with 38 stories, and was completed in 1958. It stands as one of the finest examples of the functionalist aesthetic and a masterpiece of corporate modernism. It was designed as the headquarters for the Canadian distillers Joseph E. Seagram's & Sons with the active interest of Phyllis Lambert, the daughter of Samuel Bronfman, Seagram's CEO.
Weissenhof Apartments Location: Stuttgart, Germany Map Building Type: Apartment Housing Construction System: Stucco Exterior Climate: Temperate Context: Suburban Style: Modern The exterior walls of the three-story apartment block consisted of masonry infill covered by a smooth
stucco, large windows, and glass doors; floors and roof were hollow block between joists. The steel frame was crucial to Mies's architectural vision in this project. He referred to the frame as 'the most appropriate system of construction. It enabled him to limit the use of solid walls to separations between apartments, to introduce moveable partition walls, and to extensively open the facades with glass.
AWARDS:
In 1959: The Royal Institute of British Architects awarded Mies its Gold Medal In 1960: He received the AIA Gold Medal, the highest award given by the American Association of Architects.
In 1963: President Lyndon Johnson presented Mies with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
“I don't want to be interesting. I want to be good.” L. ROHE
NAME: PHILIP CORTELYOU JOHNSON (1906 –2005) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
He attended the Hackley School, in Tarrytown, New York. Studied at Harvard University as an undergraduate, where he focused on history and philosophy, particularly the work of the Pre-Socratic philosophers. Johnson interrupted his education with several extended trips to Europe. These trips became the pivotal moment of his education; he visited Chartres, the Parthenon, and many other ancient monuments, becoming increasingly fascinated with architecture.
INFLUENCES: As an architect, Johnson is most widely respected for his work in the early 1950s while still under the influence of Mies Van Der Rohe
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Philip Johnson design, build and maintain sustainable habitats that help to heal the earth, feel magical to live amongst, and create spaces where you can completely unwind.
Major works:
SONY BUILDING
CRYSTAL CATHEDRAL
HINES COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
ONE DETROIT CENTER
PPG PLACE
Sony Building (New York) Type: Office Location: 550 Madison Avenue New York City, U.S. Architect: Philip Johnson & John Burgee The Sony Tower, formerly the AT&T Building, is a 647 feet (197 m) tall, 37-story high-rise skyscraper located at 550 Madison Avenue between 55th Street and 56th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It became immediately controversial for its ornamental
top enjoyed for its spectacular arched entranceway, measuring about seven stories in height. With these ornamental additions, the building challenged architectural modernism's demand for stark functionalism and purely efficient design. The effect the building had on the public at large has been described as legitimizing the postmodern architecture movement on the world stage.
Crystal Cathedral Country: United States Architect(S): Philip Johnson Style: Modern Architecture Since its construction the building has been the principal place of worship for Crystal Cathedral Ministries, a Protestant Christian church organization founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller and affiliated with the Reformed Church in America. Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed for bankruptcy in October
2010, and in February 2012 sold the building and its adjacent campus to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange for future use as the diocese's cathedral. Under the terms of the sale the building and most of the campus will continue to be used by Crystal Cathedral Ministries for the next three years before being renovated for use as a Roman Catholic cathedral.
One Detroit Center Type: Commercial Offices Location: 500 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Michigan Architect: Philip Johnson & John Burgee One Detroit Center is a skyscraper and class-An office building located downtown which overlooks the Detroit Financial District. Rising 619 feet (189 m), the 43story tower is the tallest office building in Michigan,
and the second tallest overall in the state behind the central hotel tower of the Renaissance Center, located a few blocks away. Although the Penobscot Building has more floors (45 above-ground floors compared to 43), One Detroit Center's floors are taller, with its roof sitting roughly 60 feet (18 m) taller than Penobscot's. Its floor area is 1,674,708 square feet (155,585 m2).
Hines College of Architecture The Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture is an architecture school and is one of twelve academic colleges of the University of Houston. It offers both undergraduate and graduate level degree programs. In March 1997, Gerald D. Hines donated $7 million to the College of Architecture and the school responded by renaming the architecture school after him. The gift was the largest ever received by the architecture
school and among the 10 largest gifts received by the University of Houston. The college offers programs in architecture, interior architecture, industrial design, and space architecture. The Industrial Design Program was the winner of IDSA National Student Merit Award - Southern District Champion of 2010 and 2011. .
PPG Place Location: 600 PPG Place Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Architect: Philip Johnson & John Burgee Structural Engineer: Leslie E. Robertson & Associates, R.L.L.P. PPG Place is a complex in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, consisting of six buildings within three city blocks and five and a half acres. Named for its anchor tenant, PPG Industries, who initiated the project for its headquarters, the buildings are all of
matching glass design consisting of 19,750 pieces of glass. The complex centers around One PPG Place, a 40-story office building. Groundbreaking ceremonies occurred on January 28, 1981. The complex buildings opened between 1983 and 1984, and a dedication ceremony took place on April 11, 1984. The buildings were sold by The Hillman Company to Highwoods Properties in 2011.
AWARDS:
In 1978: He received the AIA Gold Medal.
In 1979: He received the Pritzker Architecture prize
“All architects want to live beyond their deaths.” P, JOHNSON
NAME: LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN (1856 –1924) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
While attending high school, Sullivan met Moses Woolson, whose teachings made a lasting impression on him, and nurtured him until his death. After graduating from high school, Sullivan studied architecture briefly at the Massachusetts. Learning that he could both graduate from high school. Sullivan entered MIT at the age of sixteen. After one year of study, he moved to Philadelphia and talked himself into a job with architect Frank Furness.
INFLUENCES: In 1879 Dankmar Adler hired Sullivan; a year later, he became a partner in the firm. This marked the beginning of Sullivan's most productive years. And it was at this firm that Sullivan would deeply influence a young designer named Frank Lloyd Wright, who came to embrace Sullivan's designs and principles as the inspiration for his own work.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Sullivan's designs generally involved a simple geometric form decorated with ornamentation based on organic symbolism. As an organizer and formal theorist on aesthetics, he propounded an architecture that exhibited the spirit of the time and needs of the people. Considered one of the most influential forces in the Chicago School, his philosophy that form should always follow function went beyond functional and structural expressions.
MAJOR WORKS:
WAINWRIGHT BUILDING
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
HOLY TRINITY CATHEDRAL
HAROLD C. BRADLEY HOUSE
National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna
Wainwright Building Location: St. Louis, Missouri Architect: Adler & Sullivan Architectural Style: Chicago School
worldThe building listed as a landmark both locally and nationally, is described as "a highly influential prototype of the modern office building" by the National Register of Historic Places. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright called the Wainwright Building "the very first human expression of tall steel office-building as Architecture."
The Wainwright Building (also known as the Wainwright State Office Building) is a 10-story red brick office building at 709 Chestnut Street in downtown St. Louis, Missouri. The Wainwright Building is among the first skyscrapers in the
Auditorium Building Location: 430 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago Illinois 60605 United States Architect: Dankmar Adler; Louis Sullivan Architectural Style: Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements
on April 17, 1970. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975, and was designated a Chicago Landmark on September 15, 1976. In addition, it is a historic district contributing property for the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Since 1947, the Auditorium Building has been the home of Roosevelt University.
The Auditorium Building in Chicago is one of the bestknown designs of Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places
Holy Trinity Cathedral (Chicago, Illinois) Location: 1121 N. Leavitt Street Chicago, Illinois Architect: Louis Sullivan
by Louis Sullivan, one of the seminal architects of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is listed on the US National Register of Historic Places and is designated a Chicago Landmark
Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral is the Cathedral Church of the Orthodox Church in America Diocese of the Midwest. It is one of only two churches designed
Harold C. Bradley House Location: 106 N. Prospect Ave., Madison, Wisconsin Architect: Louis H. Sullivan; George Grant Elmslie Architectural Style: Prairie School
"both of the late residences (Babson and Bradley) were designed by Elmslie with only occasional suggestions from Sullivan."This can be seen in the heavy Prairie School emphasis in the design, influenced by the residential designs of Frank Lloyd Wright and other Chicago area architects of the period. In addition, there are contracts of record with the local firm Claude and Starck.
Harold C. Bradley House, also known as Mrs. Josephine Crane Bradley Residence, is a Prairie School home designed by Louis H. Sullivan and George Grant Elmslie, located in Madison, Wisconsin. Sullivan's role in the design of the Bradley House is often overstated. Designed very late in his career,
National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna Location: Broadway And Cedar Streets, Owatonna, Minnesota Architect: Louis Sullivan Architectural Style: Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements, Other
building is clad in red brick with green terra cotta bands, and features two large arches. Internal elements include two stained glass windows designed by Louis J. Millet, a mural by Oskar Gross, and four immense cast iron electroliers designed by George Grant Elmslie and cast by Winslow Brothers Company (owned by William Winslow, for whom Frank Lloyd Wright designed an iconic house). .
The National Farmers' Bank of Owatonna, Minnesota is a bank building designed by Louis Sullivan with decorative elements by George Elmslie. It was built in 1908, and was the first of Sullivan's "jewel boxes". The
AWARDS:
The International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers created the Louis Sullivan Award in 1970 to demonstrate the appreciation of the union masonry craftworker for architectural excellence.
“Form ever follows function.” L. SULLIVAN
NAME: LOUIS ISADORE KAHN (1901 - 1974) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
He trained in a rigorous Beaux-Arts tradition, with its emphasis on drawing, at the University of Pennsylvania. After completing his Bachelor of Architecture in 1924, Kahn worked as senior draftsman in the office of City Architect John Molitor. In this capacity, he worked on the design for the 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition.
INFLUENCES: Influenced by ancient ruins, Kahn's style tends to the monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled. Louis Kahn's works are considered as monumental beyond modernism.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: ―Architecture is the reaching out for the truth.‖
MAJOR WORKS:
ERDMAN HALL DORMITORIES
INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
RICHARDS MEDICAL CENTER
JATIYO SANGSHAD BHABAN
UNIVERSITY ART CENTER
Erdman Hall Dormitories Location: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Map Building Type: College Dormitories Construction System: Concrete Frame, CMU Infill, Slate Cladding Climate: Temperate Context: Suburban Campus Style: Modern
The building sits at the end of a suburban campus of a college for girls. The dormitory is conceived as a large house for approximately 150 girls. The plan is structured by three halls defined by large hoods, which rise above the roof to bring in natural light. Construction consists of reinforced concrete frame with cinder block walls covered with slate on the exterior and plaster inside.
Institute of Public Administration Location: Ahmedabad, India Map Building Type: School Of Government Construction System: Brick Masonry and Concrete Climate: Desert Context: Urban Style: Modern
The organization of the complex, as well as its architecture, reflects the conceptual organization of learning which is focused on three inevitable components: the school, the students, and the teachers, which constitute 'The Indian Institute of Management'
Richards Medical Center Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Map Building Type: Laboratories, Offices Construction System: Precast Concrete with Trusses, Brick Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Campus Style: Modern The building is configured as a group of laboratory towers with a central service tower. Brick shafts on the periphery hold stairwells and air ducts, producing an
effect reminiscent of the ancient Italian towers that Kahn had painted several years earlier. Rather than being supported by a hidden steel frame, the building has a structure of reinforced concrete that is clearly visible and openly depicted as bearing weight. Built with precisely-formed prefabricated concrete elements, the techniques used in its construction advanced the state of the art for reinforced concrete.
Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban Location: Dacca, Bangladesh Map Building Type: Government Center Construction System: Concrete, Marble Climate: Desert Style: Modern There have been nine national elections in Bangladesh. The first and second Parliaments used the Old Shangshad Bhaban, which currently serves as the Prime Minister's Office.
Construction of the Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban began in 1961 by the Government of Pakistan as a permanent building for the federal legislature of both West and East Pakistan. However, it was the eighth (and last) session of the second parliament of Bangladesh that first used it on 15 February 1982 after its construction was completed on 28 January of the same year. The Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban has been in operation and has acted as the sole complex used as the National Assembly ever since.
University Art Center Location: New Haven, Connecticut Map Building Type: Art Gallery and Design Center Construction System: Site-Cast Concrete, Curtain Wall Infill, Brick Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Campus Style: Modern Ambiguous functional requirements, a building to house architectural studios as well as a portion of the University's art collection led Kahn to the creation of a
highly flexible space. Pushing technology, Kahn implemented a tetrahedral waffle-slab that formed both the floor of one room and the ceiling of another. Adequate space for building services, including an extensive air-conditioning system, provided a functional basis for this sweeping spatial gesture. The resulting space, enclosing a circulation core, remained free from strict wall definition while retaining elegance through exhaustive material detailing.
AWARDS:
In 1971: Kahn received the AIA Gold Medal. In 1972: RIBA Gold Medal.
In 1971: He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
“Architecture is the reaching out for the truth.” L. KAHN
NAME: ZAHA HADID (1950) NATIONALITY: Iraqi-British EDUCATION:
She received a degree in mathematics from the American University of Beirut before moving to study at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London. After graduating she worked with her former teachers
INFLUENCES: As a person, Hadid was influenced by the liberal and cosmopolitan upbringing she had in Iraq and Europe. Even as a child, she was exposed to a broad outlook on life: attending school in Baghdad with Muslim, Christian, and Jewish classmates, for example. As an architect, she was influenced by the designs of Russian suprematist architecture, as well as constructivist artists. She also has stated that she admires the particular work of architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Erich Mendelsohn, and le Corbusier (Charles-Edouard Jeanneret).
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Hadid has said of architecture that buildings should keep you dry and feed the soul. Her style has been described with terms such as Deconstructivist and Neomodernist. Britain‘s Design Museum discussed her work as follows, noting the degree to which her Arab identity and background has affected her designs:
MAJOR WORKS:
GUANGZHOU OPERA HOUSE
PHAENO SCIENCE CENTER
BMW CENTRAL BUILDING
CMA CGM TOWER
RIVERSIDE MUSEUM
Guangzhou Opera House Location: Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Architect: Zaha Hadid The structure was designed by Iraqi architect Zaha Hadid;its freestanding concrete auditorium set within an audacious exposed granite and glass-clad steel frame took over five years to build, and was praised
upon opening by architectural critic Jonathan Glancey in The Guardian, who called it "at once highly theatrical and insistently subtle."The dramatic structure was the source of inspiration behind fashion designer Vivienne Tam's fall '10 collection.
Phaeno Science Center Architectural Style: Deconstructivism Location: Wolfsburg, Germany Architect: Zaha Hadid
without having to interfere with the workings of the building. Phaeno is connected to the Autostadt via a metal bridge accessed by escalators and stairs either side. The underside of Phaeno is illuminated and the "stilts" are too.
The building effectively stands on concrete stilts allowing visitors to the Autostadt to pass through
CMA CGM Tower Type: Office Location: Marseille, France Architect: Zaha Hadid Structural Engineer: Arup
The CMA CGM Tower is a 147m tall skyscraper in Euroméditerranée, the central business district of Marseille, France. Designed by Zaha Hadid, it will be the headquarters for CMA CGM, a major shipping firm, consolidating 2000 employees currently spread over 7 sites.
BMW Central Building Location: Leipzig, Germany Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects Structural Engineer: AGP Arge Gesamtplanung, IFB Stuttgart The BMW factory plan, prior to the design and build of the central building, existed as three disconnected buildings, all of which holding an integral part in the production of the BMW 3 Series vehicles. The
competition was for the design a centralized building to function as the physical connection of these three buildings. It also needed to house the administrative and employee needs spaces. Hadid's design took this idea of connectivity and used to inform every aspect of the building. The building serves as a connection for the assembly process steps and the employees.
Riverside Museum
Type: Museum Architectural Style: Modern Location: Glasgow, Scotland Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects The Riverside Museum building was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects and engineers Buro Happold. The internal exhibitions and displays were designed by Event Communications. Replacing facilities at the city's Kelvin Hall, the new purpose-built museum is
the first to be opened in the city since the St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art in 1993 and is expected to attract up to 1 million visitors a year. Although containing approximately the same floor space as the previous museum facility at 7,500 sq m, it will create a more environmentally stable home for Glasgow's significant Transport Technology collections. The building will also house a workshop and office space for the Clyde Maritime Trust.
AWARDS:
2001 Equerre d'argent Prize, special mention 2003 European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture 2004 Pritzker Prize 2005 Designer of the Year Award for Design Miami 2005 RIBA European Award for BMW Central Building 2006 RIBA European Award for Phaeno Science Center
2007 Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture 2008 RIBA European Award for Nordpark Cable Railway 2009 Praemium Imperiale 2010 RIBA European Award for MAXXI 2010 Stirling Prize for MAXXI – National Museum of the 21st Century Arts 2011 Stirling Prize for Evelyn Grace Academy, London
NAME: CÉSAR PELLI (1926) NATIONALITY: Argentine American EDUCATION:
After studying architecture at the Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Pelli completed his studies at the School of Architecture at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He started his career in the New Haven offices of architect Eero Saarinen.
INFLUENCES: Pelli worked as a designer with the firm of Eero Saarinen & Associates in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and Hamden, Connecticut. With Saarinen, whom Pelli credits as one of his greatest influences along with Le Corbusier.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: This observation corresponds with Pelli's own philosophy, which he articulated in the August 1988 issue of Architectural Digest: "We should not judge a building by how beautiful it is in isolation, but instead by how much better or worse that particular place ... has become by its addition. If the city has not gained by the addition, we should seriously question the design and the building itself, no matter how beautiful and theoretically correct it may be."
MAJOR WORKS:
PETRONAS TOWERS
ONE PARK WEST
REPSOL-YPF TOWER
BOK CENTER
ARIA RESORT & CASINO
Petronas Towers Type: Commercial offices Location: Jalan Ampang Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: César Pelli Structural engineer: Thornton Tomasetti The Petronas Towers (Malay: Menara Petronas, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers or Menara Berkembar Petronas in Malay) are twin skyscrapers in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According to the CTBUH's official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 until surpassed by Taipei 101, but remain the tallest twin buildings ever built; surpassing the World Trade Center.The building is the landmark of Kuala Lumpur with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.
One Park West Type: Residential/Office Location: Chavasse Park, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom Architect: César Pelli One Park West is a 17-storey building designed by world renowned architect César Pelli in central Liverpool, England, United Kingdom. Bordering
Chavasse Park, it is part of Liverpool One, a 42-acre (17 ha) £920m redevelopment of Liverpool's city centre, the developer was the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor Group. One Park west consists of 326 apartments, offices, restaurants, cafés and parking. Blocks B and A of One Park West are the 21st and 31st tallest buildings in Liverpool respectively.
Repsol-YPF tower Type: Office Location: Macacha Güemes y J. Manso (Parcela 5 L 1y2) Puerto Madero,Buenos Aires Architect: César Pelli The Repsol-YPF tower is a corporate high-rise building designed by internationally recognized architect César Pelli constructed in the Puerto Madero barrio (district) of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Construction began in
2005, and the office building was completed in September 2008. The building is 160 meters (520 ft) tall and has 44 floors. It was, upon completion in 2008, the tallest office building in Argentina, and the third tallest overall. The building is located on the corner of Macacha Güemes and Juana Manso streets, in the Puerto Madero ward.
Aria Resort & Casino Location: 3730 Las Vegas Blvd Las Vegas, Nevada 89158 United States Architect: Pelli Clarke Pelli Aria resort & Casino is a luxury resort and casino located within the CityCenter complex on the Las Vegas Strip. Aria consists of two curved glass and steel
highrise towers adjoined at the center. It opened on December 16, 2009 as a joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Infinity World Development. At 4,000,000 sq ft (370,000 m2) and 600 ft (180 m) in height, it is the largest and tallest structure at City Center
BOK Center Location: 200 South Denver Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Architect: César Pelli & Odell Associates Structural engineer: Thornton Tomasetti The BOK Center, or Bank of Oklahoma Center, is a 19,100-seat multi-purpose arena and a primary indoor sports and event venue in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. Designed to accommodate arena football, hockey, basketball, concerts, and similar events, the
facility was built at a cost of $178 million in public funds and an additional $18 million in privatelyfunded upgrades. Ground was broken on August 31, 2005 and a ribbon-cutting ceremony involving Tulsa musicians Garth Brooks and Hanson took place on August 30, 2008.The arena's schedule of concerts and other events began on August 31 with a community choir hosted by Sam Harris.
AWARDS:
In 2008: Yale University bestowed an honorary Doctor of Arts degree to Pelli for his work in Architecture. In 1991: the American Institute of Architects (AIA) listed Pelli among the ten most influential living American architects.
In the 1995: AIA Gold Medal which recognizes a body of work of lasting influence on the theory and practice of architecture.
“How much are they able to capture your imagination and your heart? Being tall doesn't necessarily do it.” -
C. PELLI
NAME: MICHAEL GRAVES (1934) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
He attended Broad Ripple High School, receiving his diploma in 1950. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati where he also became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. A master's degree from Harvard University.
Influences: Graves was exposed not only to the buildings of the great classical architects but also to the writings of the great classical critics and theorists. It was in Rome that Graves finally learned about the language of architecture. Also, in all of his previous education, Graves had never been exposed to the literature of criticism of architecture. This experience at the Academy had enormous influence on Michael Graves's subsequent academic career as well as on his architectural design practice.
Philosophy/style: Graves' designs are decorative and use natural materials. The colors used for most of Graves' designs are gray, soft blues, green stucco, and terra cotta. These colors add human qualities to the design
MAJOR WORKS:
THE HUMANA BUILDING
THE PORTLAND BUILDING
THE WALT DISNEY WORLD DOLPHIN
THE NCAA HALL
THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION
The Humana Building The Humana Building, also known as the Humana Tower, is a skyscraper in downtown Louisville, Kentucky, located at 500 West Main Street. The 27story structure is headquarters of the Humana
Corporation and known for its postmodern architecture. It was designed by Michael Graves. Construction began in October 1982 and was completed in May 1985.
The Portland Building The Portland Building, alternatively referenced as the Portland Municipal Services Building, is a 15-story municipal office building located at 1120 SW 5th Avenue indowntown Portland, Oregon. Built at a cost of US$29 million, it opened in 1982 and was
considered architecturally groundbreaking at the time. The building houses offices of theCity of Portland. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
The Walt Disney World Dolphin The Walt Disney World Dolphin is a resort hotel designed by architect Michael Graves located between Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios in the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, next to Disney's BoardWalk Resort area. It opened on June 1, 1990 and is joined to its sister hotel, the Walt Disney World Swan (also designed by Graves) by a palm-tree lined covered walkway crossing a lagoon. The Dolphin Resort is owned and operated by Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide under the Sheraton Hotels brand. The Dolphin and Swan share similar elements, but each has a distinctive appearance. The Dolphin is
composed of a 257-foot (78 m) tall triangular tower bisecting a 12-story rectangular mass with four 9story wings on the Swan-side of the structure. The roof of each half of the main mass is adorned with a 56-foot (17 m) tall Dolphin statue. On the main colored facade there is a turquoise banana-leaf pattern echoed by a similar wave pattern on the Swan. The statues on top of the Dolphin hotel are not mammalian dolphins, but a stylized version of a nautical dolphin, a common symbol used on old world nautical maps. The design of the creatures is based on Triton Fountain in Rome. .
The NCAA Hall The NCAA Hall of Champions is a museum, exhibition center, and conference center that is located adjacent to the national office of the National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA) in White River State Park in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The building was designed by architect Michael Graves.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries. IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. Established in 1956, IFC is the largest multilateral source of loan and equity financing for private sector
projects in the developing world. It promotes sustainable private sector development primarily by: Financing private sector projects and companies located in the developing world. Helping private companies in the developing world mobilize financing in international financial markets. Providing advice and technical assistance to businesses and governments.
The International Finance Corporation
AWARDS:
In 1979: Graves was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. In 1999: Graves was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In 2001: The Gold Medal from the American Institute of Architects. In 2010: The Topaz Medal from the American Institute of Architects
In 2010, Graves was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. The 2012 Richard H. Driehaus Prize for Classical Architecture has been awarded to Michael Graves and will be presented at a ceremony in Chicago on March 24, 2012
“In any architecture, there is equity between the pragmatic function and the symbolic function.” -
M. GRAVES
Name: MARCEL LAJOS BREUER (1902- 1981) Nationality: Hungarian Education:
Breuer studied and taught at the Bauhaus in the 1920s. The Bauhaus curriculum stressed the simultaneous education of its students in elements of visual art, craft and the technology of industrial production. Breuer was eventually appointed to a teaching position as head of the school's carpentry workshop. He later practiced in Berlin, designing houses and commercial spaces.
Influences: The beginning of Breuer's adoption of concrete as his primary medium. He became known as one of the leading practitioners of Brutalism, with an increasingly curvy, sculptural, personal idiom.
Philosophy/style: He made use of concrete to give his facade lattices a 3D and highly varied look, and in the process decisively expanded and refined the formal vocabulary of Modernist architecture.
Major works:
J. FORD HOUSE
ROBINSON HOUSE
ST. JOHN'S ABBEY
STARKEY HOUSE
BREUER HOUSE I
J. Ford House Location: Lincoln, Massachusetts Map Building Type: House Construction System: Light Wood Frame Climate: Temperate Context: Rural Style: Modern "The Massachusetts house by Gropius and Breuer is planned with admirable logic. All major rooms,
including the too often neglected kitchen, face south and the pleasantest view. Their arrangement in a long narrow block, uninterrupted by a stair well, made for extremely economical framing. The arrangement of the four bathrooms on one stack was also a notable economy, achieved without sacrifice of convenience. More difficult to detect in the plans is the wonderfully pleasant scale of the interior.
Location: Williamstown, Massachusetts Building Type: House Construction System: Field Stone Masonry, Weathered Cypress Climate: Temperate Context: Semi-Rural
Style: Modern Robinson House, built in 1850, is an historic house at 19 Winter Street in Arlington, Massachusetts. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Robinson House
St. John's Abbey Location: Collegeville, Minnesota Map Building Type: Church Complex Construction System: Cast-In-Place Concrete Climate: Temperate Context: Rural Style: Modern Saint John's Abbey in Collegeville, Minnesota is a Benedictine monastery affiliated with the American Cassinese Congregation. Saint John's is the secondlargest Benedictine abbey in the Western Hemisphere, with 153 professed monks. John Klassen, OSB, currently serves as abbot.
Monks from the Abbey serve parishes in the Diocese of Saint Cloud and in the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The Abbey's Hill Museum and Manuscript Library houses the world's largest collection of manuscript images. This library is also the home of the St. John's Bible, the first completely handwritten and illuminated Bible to have been commissioned since the invention of the printing press. The expenses associated with the Bible project have been over $6.5 million
Starkey House Building Type: House Climate: Temperate Context: Waterside Style: Modern Otis Starkey House is a historic home located at Cape Vincent in Jefferson County, New York. It was built
about 1820 and is a two story Federal style residence. It has two sections: a two story main section and a lower two story rear wing. Also on the property is a gabled carriage house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Breuer House I Location: Lincoln, Massachusetts Map Building Type: Architect's House Construction System: Wood and Stone Bearing Walls, Wood Spans Climate: Temperate Context: Rural Style: Modern Breuer House I is located in Connecticut as Breuer House II, New Canaan set on a gently rise having particular view to ornamental trees. The vigorously horizontal-lined house‘s most dramatic feature is the
cantilevered upper floor with its deep corner balcony suspended from tension cables of standard marine rigging. This daring yet disciplined use of the cantilever was the structural theme of this hillside house. Breuer had been experimenting with using frame walls as truss like members, and here this potential inherent in wood frame construction is exploited to the utmost. The two ends of the front facade are supported by fieldstone walls relieving the effect of the overhangs.
AWARDS:
The Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects. Honorary degrees from Harvard and the Technical University of Budapest
The Museum of Modern Art Award, 1968 Recognition as "Piece of Art," West German, 1982
NAME: FRANK OWEN GEHRY (1929) NATIONALITY: Canadian EDUCATION:
Studied at Los Angeles City College, eventually to graduate from the University of Southern California's School of Architecture
INFLUENCES: Frank Gehry began to redirect his architecture by fusing the Japanese and vernacular elements in his early work with the influence of painters and sculptors in a sophisticated manipulation of perspective distorted shapes, sculptural masses molded by light, and buildings that reveal their structures.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Much of Gehry's work falls within the style of Deconstructivism, which is often referred to as post-structuralist in nature for its ability to go beyond current modalities of structural definition. In architecture, its application tends to depart from modernism in its inherent criticism of culturally inherited givens such as societal goals and functional necessity.
MAJOR WORKS:
LOU RUVO CENTER FOR BRAIN HEALTH
IAC BUILDING
WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL
WEISMAN ART MUSEUM
BINOCULARS BUILDING
Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health Type: Research Center Location: 888 West Bonneville Avenue Las Vegas, Nevada 89106 United States Architecture Firm: Gehry Partners Structural Engineer: WSP Cantor Seinuk Keep Memory Alive (also known as KMA) was founded by Larry Ruvo, senior managing partner of Southern Wines and Spirits, in memory of his father, Lou Ruvo, a victim of Alzheimer‘s Disease, together with his wife
Camille, Mirage Resorts CEO Bobby Baldwin (who also lost his father to Alzheimer's Disease), and Bobby Baldwin's wife Donna. KMA supports the mission of the Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and has held several star-studded galas, attended by celebrities and notables from around the world. It has become one of Las Vegas‘ most important charity initiatives and a key participant in the nation fight against Alzheimer‘s disease.
Iac Building Type: Office Building Location: 555 West 18th Street New York, New York 10011 United States Architect: Frank Gehry Structural Engineer: Desimone Consulting Engineers Reminiscent of several other Gehry designs, the building appears to consist of two major levels: a large
base of twisted tower-sections packed together like the cells of a bee hive, with a second bundle of lesser diameter sitting on top of the first. The cell units have the appearance of sails skinned over the skeleton of the building. The overall impression is of two very tall stories, which belies its actual 10-story structure. Vanity Fair commented that the building is perhaps the world's most attractive office building.
Walt Disney Concert Hall Location: 111 South Grand Avenue Los Angeles, California, U.S. Type: Concert Hall The Walt Disney Concert Hall at 111 South Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, California, is the fourth hall of the Los Angeles Music Center. Bounded
by Hope Street, Grand Avenue, and 1st and 2nd Streets, it seats 2,265 people and serves (among other purposes) as the home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra and the Los Angeles Master Chorale.
Weisman Art Museum Location: East Bank, University Of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota The museum's current building, designed by renowned architect Frank Gehry, was completed in 1993. The stainless steel skin was fabricated and installed by the A. Zahner Company, a frequent collaborator with
Gehry's office. It is one of the major landmarks on campus, situated on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River at the east end of the Washington Avenue Bridge. The building presents two faces, depending on which side it is viewed from.
Binoculars Building Type: Commercial Office Architectural Style: Postmodern Location: 340 Main Street Venice, California United States Architect: Frank Gehry The building is notable for the three different styles used in the main facade on Main Street, particularly the massive sculpture of binoculars that function as
both a car and pedestrian entrance. The binoculars were designed by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. The entrance to the parking garage is between the lenses of the binoculars. The 75,000square-foot (7,000 m2) building was delayed for a few years after hazardous materials were found on the building site, requiring removal.
AWARDS:
Gehry was elected to the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1974. He has received many national, regional, and local AIA awards, including AIA Los Angeles Chapter Gold Medal. Gehry was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize at the Tōdai-ji Buddhist Temple in 1989.
In 1999, he was awarded the AIA Gold Medal "in recognition of a significant body of work of lasting influence on the theory and practice of architecture. He accepted the 2007 The Henry C. Turner Prize for Innovation in Construction Technology from the National Building Museum on behalf of Gehry Partners and Gehry Technologies.
“Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness.” F. GEHRY
Name: REMMENT LUCAS KOOLHAAS (1944) Nationality: Dutch Education:
Graduated in the School of Design at Harvard University, USA. Koolhaas studied at the Netherlands Film and Television Academy in Amsterdam, at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London and at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York
Influences: An early design method derived from such thinking was "cross-programming", introducing unexpected functions in room programmes, such as running tracks in skyscrapers. More recently, Koolhaas (unsuccessfully) proposed the inclusion of hospital units for the homeless into the Seattle Public Library project (2003).
Philosophy/style: A key aspect of architecture that Koolhaas interrogates is the "Program": with the rise of modernism in the 20th century the "Program" became the key theme of architectural design. The notion of the Program involves "an act to edit function and human activities."
Major works:
CHINA CENTRAL TELEVISION HEADQUARTERS
CASA DA MÚSICA
EMBASSY OF THE NETHERLANDS, BERLIN
SEATTLE CENTRAL LIBRARY
GUGGENHEIM HERMITAGE MUSEUM
China Central Television Headquarters The main building is not a traditional tower, but a loop of six horizontal and vertical sections covering 473,000 m (1,552,000 ft) of floor space, creating an irregular grid on the building's facade with an open center. The construction of the building is considered to be a structural challenge, especially because it is in a seismic zone. Because of its radical shape, it's said that a taxi driver first came up with its nickname dà kùchǎ (大裤衩), roughly translated as, "big boxer shorts
The building was built in three buildings that were joined to become one and a half buildings 30 May 2007. In order not to lock in structural differentials this connection was scheduled in the early morning when the steel in the two towers cooled to the same temperature. The CCTV building was part of a media park intended to form a landscape of public entertainment, outdoor filming areas, and production studios as an extension of the central green axis of the CBD.
Casa da Música Casa da Música (English: House of Music) is a major concert hall space in Porto, Portugal which houses the cultural institution of the same name with its three orchestras Orquestra Nacional do Porto, Orquestra Barroca and Remix Ensemble. It was designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas with Office for Metropolitan Architecture and Arup-AFA, and was built as part of Porto's project for European Culture
Capital in 2001 but was only finished in the first half of 2005 and immediately became an icon in the city. The Building engineers were Arup (London) together with Afassociados (Porto). Inside outside (Petra Blaisse) designed the large 13 curtains, ranging from 22mx15m to 65mx8m, and the gold leaf wood grain pattern on the large auditorium.
Seattle Central Library The Seattle Public Library's Central Library is the flagship library of The Seattle Public Library system. The 11-story (185 feet or 56 meters high) glass and steel building in downtown Seattle, Washington was opened to the public on Sunday, May 23, 2004. The 362,987 square foot (34,000 m²) public library can hold about 1.45 million books and other materials, features underground public parking for 143 vehicles,
and includes over 400 computers open to the public. Over 2 million individuals visited the new library in its first year. The library has a unique, striking appearance, consisting of several discrete "floating platforms" seemingly wrapped in a large steel net around glass skin. Architectural tours of the building began on June 5, 2006.
Embassy of the Netherlands, Berlin The Embassy of the Netherlands in Berlin (Dutch: Nederlandse ambassade te Berlijn, German: Niederländische Botschaft in Deutschland) is the Netherlands's diplomatic mission in Berlin, Germany. The Royal Netherlands Embassy by OMA / Rem Koolhaas in Berlin is the new symbol and showcase for the Netherlands in Germany.
In the wake of the reunification the German government decided to relocate the capital to Berlin ‗Mitte‘ (Center). The Netherlands, having sold their former embassy site after the War, was free to choose a new location and preferred Roland Ufer in Mitte, the oldest Berlin settlement, next to the (new) government district of their main trade partner.
Guggenheim Hermitage Museum The Venetian in Las Vegas. The Guggenheim Hermitage Museum was a museum in The Venetian, one of the world's largest hotels in Paradise, Nevada, located on the Strip in Las Vegas, USA. It was designed by Rem Koolhaas, opened October 7, 2001, and added three more collections and exhibits subsequent to its opening. It was the result of
a collaboration agreement between the State Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg, Russia, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. The museum finished its seven-year tenure at The Venetian on May 11, 2008. It is now permanently closed.
AWARDS:
In In In In
2000: 2001: 2003: 2004:
Pritzker Prize Chevalier de Légion d'honneur Premium Imperial Royal Gold Medal
In 2007: Doctor honors cause by the Catholic Universities Leuven In 2010: Golden Lion of the Venice Biennale of Architecture for lifetime achievement
“But now sustainability is such a political category that it's getting more and more difficult to think about it in a serious way. Sustainability has become an ornament.” -
R. KOOLHAAS
NAME: RENZO PIANO (1937) NATIONALITY: Italian EDUCATION:
He was educated and subsequently taught at the Politecnico di Milano. He graduated from the University in 1964
INFLUENCES: During his studies Renzo Piano was working under the design quidance of Franco Albini. After his graduation in 1964 Renzo Piano worked in his father's company and during the time 1965-1970 Renzo Piano worked in offices of Louis I. Kahn in Philadelphia and ZS. Makowski in London. Other important influence Renzo Piano acknowledges was Pierluigi Nervi.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: This is the balance of my architecture. There must be a symbiotic relationship between the collective needs of the public and the personal needs of the individual, further elaborated in the rapport between the building and its environmental context.
MAJOR WORKS:
CENTRE POMPIDOU
MENIL COLLECTION
RUE DE MEAUX HOUSING
IRCAM EXTENSION
KANSAI AIRPORT TERMINAL
Centre Pompidou Location: Paris, France map Building Type: modern art museum Construction System: high-tech steel and glass Climate: temperate Context: urban Style: High-Tech Modern Centre Georges Pompidou also known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement of Paris,
near Les Halles, rues Montorgueil and the Marais. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture. It houses the Bibliothèque publique d'information, a vast public library, the Musée National d'Art Moderne which is the largest museum for modern art in Europe, and IRCAM, a centre for music and acoustic research. Because of its location, the Centre is known locally as the Beaubourg. It is named after Georges Pompidou, the President of France from 1969 to 1974 who decided its creation
Menil Collection Location: Houston, Texas map Building Type: art museum, art gallery Climate: hot Context: semi-urban Style: High-Tech Modern The Menil Collection, located in Houston (Texas, USA) refers either to a museum that houses the private art collection of founders John de Menil and Dominique
de Menil, or to the collection itself. Dominique was an heir to the Schlumberger oil-drilling fortune, and John was an executive of that company. The museum also maintains an extensive collection of pop art and contemporary art from Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Mark Rothko,Robert Rauschenberg and Cy Twombly, among others.
IRCAM Extension Location: Paris, France map Building Type: non-profit offices Climate: temperate Context: urban Style: High-Tech Modern IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique) is a European institute for
science about music and sound and avant garde electro-acoustical art music. It is situated next to, and is organizationally linked with, the Centre Pompidou in Paris. The extension of the building was designed by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers.
Rue de Meaux Housing Location: Paris, France map Building Type multifamily housing Construction System: high-tech terra-cotta cladding on GFRC panel frames Climate: temperate Context: urban Style: High-Tech Modern "The Rue de Meaux Housing (1991) in Paris exemplifies Piano's ability to bring together innovation
and exacting craftsmanship with knowledge of the technical aspects of the production of buildings to achieve new and successful results. The appeal of the building's terra cotta cladding brought a durable surface material back into popularity, while revealing its potential for frank elegance, in contrast to neoclassical applications that often disguised the material."
Kansai Airport Terminal Location: Osaka, Japan map Building Type: airport terminal Construction System: steel and glass Climate: temperate Context: waterfront, artifical island in Osaka Bay Style: High Tech Modern Kansai International Airport is an international airport located on an artificial island in the middle of Osaka Bay, 38 km (24 mi) southwest of Osaka Station,
located within three municipalities, including Izumisano (north), Sennan (south), and Tajiri (central), in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The airport is off the Honshu shore. The airport serves as an international hub for All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines. Peach, the first international low-cost carrier in Japan, plans to make Kansai its main hub starting in 2012.
AWARDS:
Pritzker Architecture Prize AIA Gold Medal Sonning Prize
RIBA Royal Gold Medal Kyoto Prize
“A museum is a place where one should lose one's head.” -
R. PIANO
NAME: RICHARD BUCKMINSTER "BUCKY" FULLER (1895 –1983) NATIONALITY: American EDUCATION:
Fuller attended Milton Academy in Massachusetts, and after that began studying at Harvard University. He was expelled from Harvard twice: first for spending all his money partying with a vaudeville troupe, and then, after having been readmitted, for his "irresponsibility and lack of interest." By his own appraisal, he was a non-conforming misfit in the fraternity environment. It was to be many years before he received a Sc.D. from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine.
INFLUENCES: He was very aware of the finite resources the planet has to offer, and promoted a principle that he termed "ephemeralization", which, in essence—according to futurist and Fuller disciple Stewart Brand—Fuller coined to mean "doing more with less"
Philosophy/style: “ The search for the principles governing the universe and help advance the evolution of humanity in accordance with them... finding ways of doing more with less to the end that all people everywhere can have more and more."
Major works:
GEODESIC DOME
Geodesic dome Spaceship Earth at Epcot, Walt Disney World, a geodesic sphere A geodesic dome is a spherical or partial-spherical shell structure or lattice shell based on a network of great circles (geodesics) on the surface of a sphere. The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements that have local triangular rigidity and also distribute the stress across the structure. When completed to form a complete sphere, it is a geodesic sphere. A dome is enclosed, unlike open geodesic structures such as playground climbers. Typically a geodesic dome design begins with an icosahedron inscribed in a hypothetical sphere, tiling each triangular face with smaller triangles, and then projecting the vertices of each tile to the sphere. The
endpoints of the links of the completed sphere are the projected endpoints on the sphere's surface. If this is done exactly, each sub-triangle edge is a slightly different length, requiring links of many sizes. To minimize this, simplifications are made. The result is a compromise of triangles with their vertices lying approximately on the sphere. The edges of the triangles form approximate geodesic paths over the surface of the dome. Geodesic designs can be used to form any curved, enclosed space. Standard designs tend to be used because unusual configurations may require complex, expensive custom design of each strut, vertex and panel.
Geodesic Dome For Ford Motor Company (1953). Patent On Geodesic Domes (1954). The World Game (1961) And The World Game Institute (1972). Patent On Octet Truss (1961). Montreal Biosphère (1967) United States Pavilion At Expo 67
AWARDS:
44 honorary doctoral degrees Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize
“Don't fight forces, use them.” R. Buckminster Fuller
Name: ALBERTI LEON BATTISTA (1404 –1472) Nationality: Italian Education:
At about age 10 Battista went to a boarding school in Padua, where he received classical training in Latin and literature and became an accomplished writer. At age 20 he wrote a Latin comedy that was proclaimed the work of an ancient Roman playwright, and which was still published as such in the late 16th century. Battista's formal education was completed at the University of Bologna, where he received a doctorate in canon law in 1428.
Influences: Influenced and inspired by some of these friends and colleagues, Alberti wrote on a range of subjects, from philosophical dialogues to technical treatises to the observations on the principles of art and architecture for which he is best known.
Philosophy/style: "a man dedicated to study and hard work can attain glory, just as well as a rich and fortunate man."
Major works:
SAN SEBASTIANO
S. MARIA NOVELLA
S. ANDREA
San Sebastiano Location: Mantua, Italy Map Building Type: Church Construction System: Bearing Masonry Climate: Mediterranean Context: Urban Style: Renaissance San Sebastiano is an Early Renaissance church in Mantua, northern Italy. Begun in 1460 according to the designs of Leon Battista Alberti, it was left partially completed in the mid 1470s, by which time construction had slowed
and was no longer being directed by Alberti. As a consequence, little remains of Alberti‘s work apart from the plan, which is considered one of the earliest and most significant examples of Renaissance centrally-planned churches. The plan is in the shape of a Greek cross, with three identical arms centring apses, under a central cross-vaulted space without any interior partitions. The church sits on a groundlevel crypt which was intended to serve as a mausoleum for the Gonzaga family.
S. Maria Novella Location: Florence, Italy Map Building Type: Church Construction System: Bearing Masonry Climate: Mediterranean Context: Urban Style: Gothic with Italian Renaissance Façade Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence, Italy, situated just across from the main railway station which shares its name. Chronologically, it is the first
great basilica in Florence, and is the city's principal Dominican church. The church, the adjoining cloister, and chapterhouse contain a store of art treasures and funerary monuments. Especially famous are frescoes by masters of Gothic and early Renaissance. They were financed through the generosity of the most important Florentine families, who ensured themselves of funerary chapels on consecrated ground.
S. Andrea Location: Mantua, Italy Map Building Type: Church Construction System: Brick Bearing Masonry and Stucco Climate: Mediterranean Context: Urban Style: Early Renaissance It was initially planned when Donna Costanza Piccolomini d'Aragona, duchess of Amalfi and descendant of the family of Pope Pius II, bequeathed her palace and the adjacent church of San Sebastiano in central Rome to the Theatine order for construction of a new church. Since Amalfi's patron was Saint
Andrew, the church was planned in his honor. Work initially started around 1590 under the designs of Giacomo della Porta and Pier Paolo Olivieri, and under the patronage of Cardinal Gesualdo. With the prior patron's death, direction of the church passed to Cardinal Alessandro Peretti di Montalto, nephew of Sixtus V. By 1608, and banked by the then enormous endowment of over 150 thousand gold scudi, work restarted anew with a more grandiose plan, mainly by Carlo Maderno. The interior structure of the church was finally completed by 1650, with additional touches added by Francesco Grimaldi.
Awards: In art, he is best known for his treatise De pictura (On painting) (1435) which contained the first scientific study of perspective.
“Let no one doubt, that the man who does not perfectly understand what he is attempting to do when painting, will never be a good painter. It is useless to draw the bow, unless you have a target to aim to arrow at.” -
A. BATTISTA
Name: NORMAN ROBERT FOSTER Nationality: British Education:
Foster managed to gain an internship at a local architect‘s office before submitting a portfolio for a place at the University Of Manchester School Of Architecture. He won a place at Manchester and then won a scholarship to continue his studies at the Yale School of Architecture in the United States of America
Influences: Foster took a keen interest in the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer and graduated from Manchester in 1961.
Philosophy/style: His style has since evolved into a more sharp-edged modernity.
Major works:
ST MARY AXE
HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANK
LONDON CITY HALL
THE REICHSTAG
SAINSBURY CENTRE
St Mary Axe Location: London, England, UK Map Building Type: Commercial Office Tower, Skyscraper Construction System: Glass Cladding Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Style: High Tech Modern St. Mary Axe was a medieval parish in the City of London whose name survives as that of the street
which it formerly occupied. The church itself was demolished in 1561 and its parish united with that of St. Andrew Undershaft, which is situated on the corner of St. Mary Axe and Leadenhall Street. The name derives from the combination of the church dedicated to the Virgin Mary and a neighbouring tavern, which prominently displayed a sign with an image of an axe.
Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Location: Hong Kong, China Map Timeline: 1979 To 1986 Building Type: Skyscraper Commercial Office Tower, Bank Headquarters Construction System: Steel Frame And Glass Climate: Tropical Context: Urban Style: High-Tech Modern
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited is a prominent bank established and based in Hong Kong since 1865 when Hong Kong was a colony of the British Empire. It is the founding member of the HSBC Group and since 1990 is now a wholly owned subsidiary of HSBC Holdings plc.It is the largest bank in Hong Kong with branches and offices throughout the Asia Pacific region including other countries around the world.
London City Hall Location: London, England, UK Map Timeline: 1998 To 2003 Building Type: Government Offices Construction System: Glass Cladding Climate: Temperate Context: Urban Riverside Style: High-Tech Modern, Environmental Modern
City Hall was constructed at a cost of £65 million on a site formerly occupied by wharves serving the Pool of London. The building does not belong to the GLA but is leased under a 25-year rent.Despite the name, City Hall is neither located in nor does it serve a city often adding to the confusion of Greater London with the City of London, whose headquarters is in the Guildhall, north of the Thames.
The Reichstag Location: Berlin, Germany Map Building Type: Capitol, Government Office Building, National Parliament Construction System: Cut Stone Bearing Masonry, Glass, and Steel Climate: Temperate Context: Urban
Style: Neoclassical With New Modern Elements. The Reichstag building is a historical edifice in Berlin, Germany, constructed to house the Reichstag, parliament of the German Empire. It was opened in 1894 and housed the Reichstag until 1933, when it was severely damaged in a fire.
Sainsbury Centre Location: Norwich, England Map Building Type: Art Gallery (Art Center) Construction System: Space Frame And Walls Climate: Temperate Context: Campus Style: High-Tech Modern
The Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts building was opened in 1978. It was designed between 1974 and 1976 by the then relatively unknown architect Norman Foster (now Lord Foster). It is situated on the western edge of the University campus, beside the River Yare, and also houses the School of World Art Studies and Museology.
AWARDS:
Since its inception the practice has received more than 190 awards and citations for excellence and has won over 50 national and international competitions. 1968 - 1983 cooperation with Buckminster fuller on a number of projects. In 1983: Foster was awarded the RIBA royal gold medal. In 1990: The RIBA trustees‘ medal was made for the Willis Faber Dumas building. he was knighted.
In 1994: Received the gold medal of the AIA. In 1994: he was appointed officer of the order of the arts and letters by the ministry of culture in France. In 1999: It was announced in the queen's birthday honors‘ list that sir Norman foster has been honored with a life peerage, taking the title lord foster of Thames bank. In 1999: he was awarded the prestigious 21st pritzker architecture prize laureate – considered the Nobel Prize of architecture.
“My mission is to create a structure that is sensitive to the culture and climate of its place.” -
N. FOSTER
Name: EDWIN MAXWELL FRY (1899 –1987) Nationality: British Education:
Fry was educated at the Liverpool Institute High School. He served in the King's Liverpool regiment at the end of the First World War. After the war he received an ex-serviceman's grant that enabled him to enter Liverpool University School of architecture in 1920, where he was trained in "the suave neo-Georgian classicism‖ of Professor Charles Reilly. The curriculum of the course included town planning as an important component, and Fry retained an interest in planning throughout his career. He gained his diploma with distinction in 1923.
Influences: His early works shows the strong influence of Ludwig Van De Rohe a leading proponent of the international style in architecture.
Philosophy/style: "An independent functionalist design idiom modified from the main German and French progenitors of the modern movement".
Major works:
IMPINGTON VILLAGE COLLEGE
PILKINGTON GROUP LIMITED
MARGATE RAILWAY STATION
RAMSAY HALL
RAMSGATE RAILWAY STATION
Impington Village College Village colleges were the brainchild of Henry Morris, the then Chief Education Officer for Cambridgeshire, who had a vision of a school that would serve the whole community, stem migration from the countryside to the towns, and provide a decent education to pupils who had previously only been served by the upper years of Elementary schools. Between the implementation of the Education Act 1944 and Cambridgeshire's adoption of the Comprehensive school system in 1974, village colleges
were effectively reduced to secondary modern schools; since 1974 village colleges have returned to their original mission as schools for the whole community. Indeed, many argue that the village college model had a large influence on the design of the Comprehensive system.[citation needed] Under Morris' influence, many of the colleges have had distinguished architects, notably the one at Impington designed by Walter Gropius and Maxwell Fry.
Pilkington Group Limited Pilkington Group Limited is a multinational glass manufacturing company headquartered in St Helens, United Kingdom. It is a subsidiary of the Japan-based NSG Group. Prior to its acquisition by NSG in 2006 it
was an independent company listed on the London Stock Exchange and for a time was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Margate railway station Margate railway station serves the town of Margate in Thanet in Kent, England. Train services are provided by Southeastern. Trains from the station generally run to London Victoria via Chatham, or to London St Pancras via
Ramsgate, Canterbury West and Ashford International. Peak hour trains run to St Pancras via Chatham and Gravesend and to London Cannon Street.
Ramsay Hall Ramsay Hall is situated on Maple Street in central London, on the border of Fitzrovia and Bloomsbury around a hundred metres from Tottenham Court Road. At a rate of £170 a week for the 2011-12 academic year, it is widely regarded by students as the most overpriced of UCL student residences. The building is located within the Bloomsbury Conservation Area. It occupies the same block as, and forms a single unified building with, the YMCA Indian
Student Hostel designed by Ralph Tubbs and was constructed at the same time. Ramsay Hall was designed by Maxwell Fry and constructed between 1951 and 1954. In 2008 the building received a major refurbishment and an 8 storey extension containing 91 rooms was added, at a total cost of £8 million. The architects for the project were Levitt Bernstein and it won a Camden Building Excellence Award in 2009.
Ramsgate Railway Station Ramsgate railway station serves the town of Ramsgate in Thanet in Kent, England, and is located about 10 minutes away on foot from the town centre. The station lies on the Chatham Main Line 127 km (79¼ miles) east of London Victoria, the Kent Coast Line, and the Ashford to Ramsgate (via Canterbury West)
line. Train services are currently provided by Southeastern. Ramsgate railway station is a fine 1920s brick built station thought to have been designed by Edwin Maxwell Fry, and built between 1924-6. Margate station and the demolished Dumpton Park station are of a similar design. The building is Grade II listed.
AWARDS:
In 1972: Fry was elected ARA in 1966 and advanced to RA. In 1964: He was awarded the institute's Royal Gold Medal In 1995: He was appointed CBE. In 1956: Was elected a corresponding member of the Acádemie Flamande.
In 1963: An honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. He was an honorary LLD of Ibadan University, and towards the end of his life he became Professor of Architecture at the Royal Academy.
Name: ADOLF FRANZ KARL VIKTOR MARIA LOOS (1870 –1933) Nationality: Education:
He completed technical school in Liberec, Czech Republic, which is now Technical University Liberec (a plaque located in front of Pavilion H commemorates this) Studied at Dresden Technical University before moving to Vienna.
Influences: He was influential in European Modern architecture, and in his essay Ornament and Crime he repudiated the florid style of the Vienna Secession, the Austrian version of Art Nouveau. In this and many other essays he contributed to the elaboration of a body of theory and criticism of Modernism in architecture.
Philosophy/style: To understand fully Loos‘s radical, innovative outlook on life—his admiration for the classical tradition, his passion for all aspects of design, lifestyle and taste, and the breadth of his ideas.
Major works:
LOOSHAUS IN MICHAELERPLATZ
KHUNER VILLA
RUFER HOUSE
STEINER HOUSE VILLA MÜLLER
Michaelerplatz 3 ("Looshaus") The House of Michaelerplatz is Loos' most famous building, and – though it is hard to see now – at the time, his most controversial. One of the first modern office buildings in Vienna, the steel concrete construction provides wide structural spans with flexible space use. (The marble pillars across the storefront entrance are not load-bearing.) The building occupies a commanding position opposite the imperial Hofburg, and provides four stories of
apartments above the business floors. The business floors were originally a gentlemen's outfitter, but are now a bank. The facade of the lower stories is quite ornate, chiefly through the rich, green Cipollino (Greek) marble. Inside the business floors are opulent through the richness of their materials, contrasting a modern minimalism in the detailing.
Khuner Villa Location: on the Kreuzberg, Payerback, Austria map Building Type: house Construction System: timber frame, stone foundation, metal roof Climate: alpine Context: rural Style: early Modern or Neo-Vernacular "Contemporary to the whitewashed masterpieces of his last phase... this country house that is so vernacular,
so anachronistically alpine, so rustic, raises a theoretical question. It has to be asked if, or to what extent, this manifest contradiction of languages reveals a poetic dissociation, a sort of architectural schizophrenia." "...Loos...rationally explores the possibilities of artisan skill within the limits of an unbiased logic that is founded on the potential of the material.
Villa Müller The Villa Müller is an architectural structure designed in 1930 by architect Adolf Loos, born in Brno, AustriaHungary (later Czechoslovalia). The villa is located in Prague, Czech Republic. The house was designed originally for Mr. František Müller and his wife, Milada Müllerová. The building was commissioned by František Müller and his wife, Milada Müllerová. Mr. Müller was an engineer and co-owned a construction
company called Kapsa and Müller. The company specialized in reinforced concrete, developing new construction techniques. After the building was completed, Loos celebrated his 60th birthday there with a few friends. The couple freely inhabited the house for eighteen years before Communists seized control of it in 1948.
Rufer House Location: Vienna, Austria map Building Type: house Construction System: bearing masonry Climate: temperate Context: suburban Style: Early Modern The house has four floors, plus a basement where the janitors lodging and services are located. The living area is on the first floor while the upper floors are used
for the nighttime zone. The whole is concluded by a garret (with various service rooms and a terrace). The pivot of the composition is the single central pillar that serves both a structural function and to conduct the electrical, water and heating systems. The structural scheme is in fact extremely simple, made up of the load-bearing external walls and the above- mentioned single pillar.
Steiner House Steiner's house was designed for the painter Lilly Steiner and her husband Hugo. It is located in a suburb of Vienna, where planning adjustments were strong enough to have a direct impact on the final design. Loos was the architect who carried forward, within the limits imposed by the configuration, and
external forces, such as rigid building codes at the time. They allowed only one facing the street and a "sleep" (a window built into sloping roof) This house is on a manifesto of the poetics of the architect.
Awards: In October 2008, an exhibition on Adolf Loos's work opened in the City of Prague Museum, examining his often overlooked achievements in the Czech Republic. The exhibition travels to London as "Learning to Dwell: Adolf Loos in the Czech Lands" at the Royal Institute of British Architects.
“The room has to be comfortable; the house has to look habitable.”
-
A. LOOS
Name: DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM (1846 –1912) Nationality: American Education:
His parents brought him up under the teachings of the Swedenborgian Church of New Jerusalem, which ingrained in him the strong belief that man should strive to be of service to others. After failing admissions tests for both Harvard and Yale, and an unsuccessful stint at politics, Burnham apprenticed as a draftsman under William LeBaron Jenney
Influences: Under the design influence of Root, the firm had produced modern buildings as part of the Chicago School. Following Root‘s premature death from pneumonia in 1891, the firm became known as D.H. Burnham & Company.
Philosophy/style: Much of his career work modeled the classical style of Greece and Rome. In his 1924 autobiography, Louis Sullivan, one of the leading architects from the Chicago School but one who had enjoyed difficult relations with Burnham over an extended period.
Major works:
Burnham and Root Burnham and Root was the name of the company that John Wellborn Root and Daniel Hudson Burnham established as one of Chicago's most famous architectural companies of the nineteenth century. During their eighteen years of partnership, Burnham and Root designed and built residential and commercial buildings. Their success was crowned with the coordination of the World's Columbian Exposition
(World's Fair) in 1893. The two men met when they worked as apprentice draftsmen in the offices of Drake, Carter, and Wright in 1872. A year later they established their own architecture office and began work by building private residences for the wealthy elite of Chicago's meat industry. Both of them married into wealthy families which allowed them to establish a basis for their business.
Flatiron Building Type: Office building Location: 175 Fifth Avenue New York City Architect: D.H. Burnham & Co.: Architectural style: Renaissance, Skyscraper The Flatiron Building (or Fuller Building, as it was originally called) is located at 175 Fifth Avenue in the borough of Manhattan, New York City and is considered to be a groundbreaking skyscraper. Upon
completion in 1902, it was one of the tallest buildings in the city and the only skyscraper north of 14th Street. The building sits on a triangular island-block formed by Fifth Avenue, Broadway and East 22nd Street, with 23rd Street grazing the triangle's northern (uptown) peak. As with numerous other wedge-shaped buildings, the name "Flatiron" derives from its resemblence to a cast-iron clothes iron.
World's Columbian Exposition The World's Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World's Fair: Columbian Exposition,[1] also known as The Chicago World's Fair) was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. Chicago bested New York City; Washington, D.C.; and St. Louis for the honor of hosting the fair. The fair had a profound effect on architecture, the arts, Chicago's self-image,
and American industrial optimism. The Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in large part, designed by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmsted. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux Arts principles of design, namely French neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor.
Postal Square Building Architectural style: Beaux-Arts Location: 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE Washington, D.C. Architect: Daniel Burnham The Postal Square Building (formerly the City Post Office) served as the main post office for the city of Washington, D.C., from the building's completion in 1914 to 1986. It now houses the National Postal Museum, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, offices of the United States Senate, and a Capital City Brewery restaurant. Architect Daniel Burnham designed the building in the Beaux-Arts style — the same style
Burnham used for the neighboring Union Station. Construction for the Postal Square Building began in 1911 on a lot near the Capitol. Planning began with a 1901 proposal by the Senate Parks Commission. The commission called for three buildings to mark the northern end of the Capitol complex. While the first two buildings in the plan, Union Station and the Postal Square Building, were completed early in the 20th century, the 1901 plan would not be fully implemented until the completion of the Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building in 1992.
Washington Union Station Washington Union Station is a train station and leisure destination visited by 32 million people each year in the center of Washington, D.C. The train station is served by Amtrak, MARC and Virginia Railway Express commuter rail services as well as by
Washington Metro subway trains and local buses. It opened in 1907 and at its height during World War II some 200,000 people passed through it every day. It is also the headquarters for Amtrak.
Awards:
“Make big plans; aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will not die” -
D. BURNHAM
Name: PETER BEHRENS (1868 –1940) Nationality: German Education:
Behrens attended the Christianeum Hamburg from September 1877 until Easter 1882. He studied painting in his native Hamburg, as well as in Düsseldorf and Karlsruhe, from 1886 to 1889.
Influences: He was important for the modernist movement, as several of the movements leading names (for exampleLudwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius) worked for him when they were young.
Philosophy/style: Behren can be considered a key figure in the transition from Jugendstil to Industrial Classicism. He played a central role in the evolution of German Modernism.
Major works:
I. G. FARBEN OFFICES
BEHRENS HOUSE
A. E. G. HIGH TENSION FACTORY
I. G. Farben Office Location: Frankfurt, Germany map Building Type: commercial offices Construction System: brick masonry Climate: temperate Style: Dutch Expressionist Modern The IG Farben Building or the Poelzig Building was built from 1928 to 1930 as the corporate headquarters
of the IG Farben conglomerate in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is also known as the Poelzig Ensemble or Poelzig Complex, and previously as the IG Farben Complex, and the General Creighton W. Abrams Building. The building's original design was the subject of a competition which was eventually won by the architect Hans Poelzig.
Behrens House Location: Darmstadt, Germany map Building Type: architect's house Construction System: brick and stucco facade, wood interior Climate: temperate Context: suburban Style: Art Nouveau The house is organized about a dining and music room on the raised ground floor, with a kitchen and
ancilliary services in the basement, and the main bedrooms and studio space above. While this format was quite typical for a small burgeois house, its internal and external expression was unusual, particularly for its combination of features drawn from the English Arts and Crafts movement...with elements such as the high-pitched roof drawn from the German vernacular."
A. E. G. High Tension Factory Location: Berlin, Germany map Timeline: timeline Building Type: factory Construction System: glass and steel with masonry Climate: temperate Context: urban Style: Early Modern "The turbine hall for the AEG in Berlin-Moabit —on the corner of Hutten Street —of 1909 ...represented the culmination of his efforts to give architectural dignity to a workplace, similar to the achievement of [Frank Lloyd Wright] with the Larkin Building in
Buffalo. Glass and iron took over a workshop of an industrial plant, with an enormous span (28.16 yd.; 25.6 m). Behrens achieved a plastic effect and a dynamic form of construction of the trusses, which were pulled towards the outside, as well as through the tapering iron trusses and the glass areas which were drawn towards the inside. In particular, the monumental shape of the façade with corner pylons, which could not be considered a necessity for construction, and which were built with a thin ferroconcrete shell, caused criticism among younger architects.
Awards: In 1907, AEG (Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft) retained Behrens as artistic consultant. He designed the entire corporate identity (logotype, product design, publicity, etc.) and for that he is considered the first industrial designer in history.
Name: OSCAR RIBEIRO DE ALMEIDA NIEMEYER SOARES FILHO (1907) Nationality: Brazilian Education:
He spent his youth as a typical young Carioca of the time: bohemian and relatively unconcerned with his future. He concluded his secondary education at age 21 He entered the Escola de Belas Artes (Brazil), from which he graduated as engineer architect in 1934.
INFLUENCES: The corbusian influence is evident in the early works of Oscar Niemeyer.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: The architect gradually acguired his own style: the lightness of the curved forms created spaces that transformed the architectural scheme into something that was hitherto unknown; harmony, grace and elegance are the adjectives that are most appropriate to describe the work of Oscar Niemeyer. The adaptations produced by the architect to connect the baroque vocabulary with modernist architecture made possible formal experiences in spectacular volumes, executed by famous mathematicians including the Brazilian Joaquim Cardoso and the Italian Pier Luigi Nervi.
MAJOR WORKS:
THE OSCAR NIEMEYER MUSEUM
UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS
CHURCH OF ST FRANCIS
NITERÓI CONTEMPORARY ART MUSEUM
CATHEDRAL OF BRASÍLIA
The Oscar Niemeyer Museum Location: Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Building Type: art museum Construction System: reinforced concrete, tile mosaic, glass curtain wall Climate: warm temperate Context: urban Style: Expressionist Modern It is also known as Museu do Olho or Museum of the Eye, due to the design of the building. The museum focuses on the visual arts, architecture and design. For its magnificence, beauty and for the
importance of the collection, it represents a cultural institution of international significance. The museum features many of Niemeyer's signature elements: bold geometric forms, sculptural curved volumes placed prominently to contrast with rectangular volumes, sinuous ramps for pedestrians, large areas of white painted concrete, and areas with vivid murals or paintings. Though rooted in modern architecture since his involvement in the international style, Niemeyer's designs have much in common with postmodern architecture as well and this is as contemporary a building as the artwork it displays.
United Nations Headquarters Location: New York, New York map Building Type: international government office center, skyscraper, assembly hall Construction System: reinforced concrete, glass curtain wall, aluminum exterior Climate: temperate Context: urban riverside Style: Modern
"Providing office accommodation for 3,400 employees, the Secretariat is a 39 story building with an aluminum grille to conceal equipment on the roof. The narrow end walls are of white marble; the other two elevations are surfaced with green-tinted glass. Floors devoted to mechanical equipment divide these glass facades into three parts...."
Church of St Francis Location: Pampulha, Brazil map Building Type: church Construction System: concrete Climate: tropical Style: Organic Modern "The shaping of the church by Niemeyer and his engineer Cardozo is not so playful as it at first appears. This controversial church was built up through a series of mathematically determined parabolic arches, the main chapel arch itself covering
a further platform for the choir. The campanile and entrance porch are free-standing elements. Light penetrates the vaulted building through the vertical louvres at the entrance and above the altar. The spaces inside remain relatively subdued. Overlaying the structure, the architect invited artists to cover the concrete walls with mosaics which, when seen with the whites, blues and browns of the uncovered parts create a polychromatic effect."
Niterói Contemporary Art Museum The Niterói Contemporary Art Museum is situated in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and is one of the city‘s main landmarks. It was completed in 1996. Designed by Oscar Niemeyer with the assistance of structural engineer Bruno Contarini, who had worked with Niemeyer on earlier projects, the MAC-Niterói is
16 meters high; its cupola has a diameter of 50 metres with three floors. The museum projects itself over Boa Viagem, the 817 square metres (8,790 sq ft) reflecting pool that surrounds the cylindrical base ―like a flower,‖ in the words of Niemeyer.
Cathedral of Brasília Location: Brasília, Brazil Established: 1958 The Cathedral of Brasília the Roman Catholic cathedral serving Brasília, Brazil, and serves as the seat of the Archdiocese of Brasília. It was designed by Oscar Niemeyer, and was completed and dedicated on May 31, 1970. The cathedral is a hyperboloid
structure constructed from 16 concrete columns, weighing 90 tons each. The exterior of the cathedral resembles the circular plan and ribbed structure of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, but the latter is clad in solid material, while the Cathedral of Brasília allows light in and out for almost the full height of the ribs.
AWARDS:
In 1988: Niemeyer was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the most prestigious award in architecture, for the Cathedral of Brasília.
NAME: PIER LUIGI NERVI (1891 –1979) NATIONALITY: Italian EDUCATION:
Pier Luigi Nervi attended the Civil Engineering School of Bologna, from which he graduated in 1913.
After graduation, Nervi joined the Society for Concrete Construction. Nervi
spent several years in the Italian army during World War I from 1915–1918, when he served in the Corps of Engineering. His formal education was quite similar to that experienced by today's civil engineering student in Italy.
INFLUENCES: Nervi was a contemporary of Mies Van Der Rohe and half a generation removed from Frank Lloyd Wright, two other pioneers in the use of steel and concrete in architecture. Philosophically, his work was consonant with theirs. Economy, function, and simplicity were prevailing principles for the three. There, similarities ended. And from that point, Nervi exploded
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Architecture, for Nervi, was "a synthesis of technology and art." To find the logical solution to a limiting set of factors within a highly competitive situation was, for him, "to build correctly." His mastery of concrete bespoke a love for its adaptability. "Concrete is a living creature which can adapt itself to any form, any need, any stress," he once said.
MAJOR WORKS:
STADIO ARTEMIO FRANCHI
CATHEDRAL OF SAINT MARY OF THE ASSUMPTION
PALAZZO DEL LAVORO
PAPER MILL AT MANTUA
EXHIBITION BUILDING, TURIN
Stadio Artemio Franchi Former names: Stadio Comunale Location: Florence, Italy Owner: Municipality of Florence Surface: Grass Architect: Pier Luigi Nervi Capacity: 47,290
Stadio Artemio Franchi is a football stadium in Florence, Italy. It is currently the home of ACF Fiorentina. The stadium was temporarily noticed as the host of Italy's Six Nations matches from 2012The old nickname of the stadium was "Comunale." The stadium was built in 1931and holds 47,290
Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption Location: 1111 Gough Street, San Francisco, California 94109, United States Affiliation: Roman Catholic Church Architect(s): Pier Luigi Nervi, Pietro Belluschi, John Michael Lee, Paul A. Ryan and Angus McSweeney Architectural style: Structural Expressionist Modern Direction of façade: North Capacity: 2,500 seats
The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption, also known locally as Saint Mary's Cathedral, is the principal church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco in San Francisco, California. It is the mother church of the Catholic faithful in the California counties of Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo and is the metropolitan cathedral for the Ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. The rector of the cathedral is Msgr. John Talesfore
Palazzo Del Lavoro Location: Turin, Italy map Location: 1959 to 1961 Building Type: exhibition Hall Construction System: concrete, steel, reinforced curtain wall Climate: mediterranean Context: exposition site Style: Modern
"The Palace of Labour designed and built by Nervi and his son Antonio for the Turin exhibition of 1961 was the result of a competition held in 1959. The building: containing 85,000 square feet of exhibition space—had to be capable of conversion to a technical school at the end of the exhibition. It was erected in less than eighteen months.
Paper Mill At Mantua Location: Mantua, Italy Timeline: 1961 to 1962 Building Type: factory, paper mill Construction System: suspended roof, concrete piers Climate: mediterranean Style: Modern
"The structure, which covers an area of 86,000 sq.ft., is designed to contain large modern machinery for the manufacture of paper. The main reason for choosing this type of roof was the need for a clear span of 525 ft. to allow for future extensions to the plant.
Exhibition Building, Turin Location: Turin, Italy map Location: 1948 to 1949 Building Type: exhibition hall Construction System: long span reinforced concrete Climate: Mediterranean Context: urban
Style: Modern "The hall is rectangular and covers an area of 240 feet x 309 feet. On one of the two shorter sides is a semicircular apse. Windows are arranged in the corrugation of the prefabricated roof elements."
AWARDS:
Pier Luigi Nervi was awarded Gold Medals by the Institution of Structural Engineers, the AIA, and the RIBA.
He was also awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1957.
NAME: SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS (1951) NATIONALITY: Spanish EDUCATION:
He pursued his undergraduate architecture degree at the Polytechnic
University of Valencia along with a post-graduate course in urbanism.
Following graduation in 1975, he enrolled in the ETH Zurich|Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland, for graduate work in civil engineering. In 1981, after completing his doctoral thesis, "On the Foldability of space frame Space Frames", he started his architecture and engineering practice.
INFLUENCES: As his chief influences Calatrava has named two architects of sharply opposing styles: the Catalonian Spanish maverick Antonio Gaudi whose irregular buildings evoked organic growth, and the Eero Saarinen designer of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: He continues a tradition of Spanish modernist engineering that includes Félix Candela and Antonio Gaudí. Nonetheless, his style is also very personal and derives from numerous studies of the human body and the natural world.
MAJOR WORKS:
ATHENS OLYMPIC SPORTS COMPLEX
AUDITORIO DE TENERIFE
PUENTE DEL ALAMILLO
PUENTE DEL ALAMILLO
CIUTAT DE LES ARTS I LES CIÈNCIES
Athens Olympic Sports Complex Full name: Olympic Athletic Center of Athens Location: Maroussi, Athens, Greece Architect: Santiago Calatrava (Revamping) The complex consists of five major venues as well as other supplementary sport facilities. The Olympic
Athletic Center of Athens has hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1991, the World Championship in Athletics in 1997 as well as other important athletic and cultural events.OACA was the main venue for the Athens Olympic Games in 2004.
Auditorio de Tenerife Type: Arts complex Architectural style: Expressionist Location: Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Structural system: Concrete frame & precast concrete ribbed roof Architect: Santiago Calatrava Valls
The Auditorio de Tenerife "Adán Martín" formerly named, but still commonly referred to as, Auditorio de Tenerif. The building is framed within the tenets of late-modern architecture of the late 20th century. It is also regarded as the finest modern building in the Canary Islands and one of the most emblematic buildings of Spanish architecture.
Puente del Alamillo Location: Seville (Andalusia–Spain) Designer: Santiago Calatrava The bridge was constructed as part of infrastructure improvements for Expo 92. The original intent was to build two symmetrical bridges on either side of the island, but in the end, the Alamillo's singular design
has proved most striking. This bridge represents the soaring aspirations of the city of Seville in preparation for Expo'92, and is visible from the top of La Giralda, the sentimental roof of the city, linking Seville's past and present.
Jerusalem Chords Bridge Location: Jerusalem, Israel Designer: Santiago Calatrava Material: steel (pylon and box girder) reinforced concrete, Mitzpe yellowish limestone (abutments) basalt cobblestone paving, glass, stainless steel (walkway)
The Jerusalem Chords Bridge or Jerusalem Bridge of Strings also called the Jerusalem Light Rail Bridge is a cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge at the entrance to the city of Jerusale. The bridge is used by Jerusalem Light Rail's Red Line, which began service on August 19, 2011. The bridge which cost about $70 million (NIS 246 million) was inaugurated on June 25, 2008.
Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències The Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències is an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex in the city of Valencia, Spain. It is the most
important modern tourist destination in the city of Valencia. The City of Arts and Sciences is situated at the end of the former riverbed of the river Turia.
AWARDS:
In 1979: August Perret Award In 1992: London Institution of Structural
In 2004: James Parks Morton Interfaith
Award from the Interfaith Center of New York
In 2005: American Institute of Architects
Engineers Gold Medal In 1993: Toronto Municipality Urban Design Award In 1996: Gold Medal for Excellence in the Fine Arts from the Granada Ministry of Culture In 1997: Honoris Causa degree awarded by Delft University of Technology In 1999: Prince of Asturias Award in Arts In 2000: Algur H. Meadows Award for Excellence in the Arts from the Meadows School of the Arts, Southern Methodist University
Gold Medal
In 2006: Eugene McDermott Award in the
Arts from the Council for the Arts at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) In 2006: Honorary Engineering Degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute In 2007: Honorary Engineering Degree from Columbia University In 2007: Awarded with the Spanish National Architecture Award In Design Futures Council Senior Fellow
“It's very atmospheric. It's not a building that is a severe statement in the skyline. We need the height; otherwise, the building almost disappears because it is so slender.” S.CALATRAVA
NAME: RAJ REWAL (1934) NATIONALITY: Indian EDUCATION:
He attended Harcourt Butler higher secondary school. In 1951-1954, he attended Delhi School of Architecture in New Delhi.
INFLUENCES:
The two major influences that he encountered is the time when he returned to India. He admits that those influences have helped him in his development as an architect. 1. 2.
When he became a Professor at the School of Planning and Architecture in New Delhi After studying the Projects of Le Corbusier made contemporary designs. After the success achieved by him in the planning of Chandigarh City, it became evident to Raj Rewal that Modern means can be applied to build in India.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: Raj Rewal is recognized internationally for buildings that respond sensitivity to the complex demands of rapid urbanization, climate and culture. In a country that is both developing and industrialized, whose architectural inheritance is ancient and recent and whose society is conservative and pluralist, Rewal's work combines sophisticated technology and a sense of history and context, imparted not only by design but by local material such as ochre and rose sandstone, evoking the great Mogul monuments.
MAJOR WORKS:
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
GAS TRAINING INSTITUTE
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR GENETIC ENGINEER AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMMUNOLOGY
Energy Technology Center Building Type: Education & Research Year: Ongoing The Energy Technology Centre has been made to facilitate research in energy technologies which is a timely need for India when emission of carbon monoxides and global warming are critical concerns.
The building has been aimed to provide graceful and dynamic architectural design in harmony with ecological values, while meeting all the office requirements.
National Institute Of Immunology Building Type: Education & Research Year: 1990 The primary function of the institute is scientific research. The programmed contains laboratories, study rooms, a library, auditorium, a director's house and lodgings for professors with families, married
assistants and unmarried researchers. Each of these dwellings is in its own cluster close to the entrance of the site. The central building also acts as a gateway and its axis corresponds with the main spine of the scheme.
Gas Training Institute Building Type: Education & Research Year: 1996 The function of the building is to impart technical education to persons working in the gas and petroleum sector. The ground floor consists of various activities like workshops, display, cafeteria & auditorium, integrated into a well-knit complex by
covered corridors facing the courtyards. The first floor includes a conference room, audio-visual & publication, demonstration and recreation facilities, and the second floor houses the library, seminar room and classrooms. The primary structure of the auditorium consists of steel pipes supporting ferrocement "bubble domes".
National Centre for Biological Sciences Building Type: Education & Research Year: 2000 The research laboratories function around serene surroundings and provide ample space for interaction
amongst scientists. The roof terraces and green enclosures are an important feature of the design. The 20 acres of site gently sloping from north to south forms part of an agricultural university.
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Building Type: Education & Research Year: 1993 The thrust areas in which the centre is engaged are agriculture, human and animal health. The centre also provides training facilities to scholars from developing countries.
Within the site, a road is proposed which connects all the diverse building blocks at the rear. This ensures segregation between the pedestrian and vehicular movement and allows all the major blocks to have uninterrupted views of the landscape.
AWARDS:
In 1989: Gold Medal by the Indian Institute of
Architects. In 1989: Robert Mathew Award by the Commonwealth Association of Architects. In 1993: Mexican Association of Architects award for regional values. In 1994: Architect of the Year Award by J.K. Trust for the design of World Bank Resident Mission building in New Delhi. In 1995: Great Master's Award by J.K. Trust for lifetime contribution to Modern
Architecture in the post independence era in India. In 2001: Lifetime achievement award by the Institution of Engineers (India). In 2002: IBC award by the Indian Building Congress for Excellence in Built Environment for Parliament Library building, New Delhi. In 2003: Golden Architect Award by A+D and Spectrum Foundation In 2005: Chevalier des Arts des Lettres award, by the French Government
NAME: FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI NATIONALITY: Italian EDUCATION:
Filippo enrolled in the Arte della Seta, the silk merchants' Guild, which also included goldsmiths, metalworkers, and bronze workers. He became a master goldsmith in 1398.
INFLUENCE: Brunelleschi influenced some of the greatest minds of the time such as Michelangelo and Donatello.
PHILOSOPHY/STYLE: He developed the concept of linear perspective, showing how to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface.
MAJOR WORKS:
FLORENCE CATHEDRAL
OSPEDALE DEGLI INNOCENTI
BASILICA OF SAN LORENZO, FLORENCE
SANTO SPIRITO, FLORENCE
PAZZI CHAPEL 1
Florence Cathedral The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore (English: Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower) is the cathedral church of Florence, Italy. The Duomo, as it is ordinarily called, was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink bordered by white and has an elaborate 19th century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris. The cathedral complex, located in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile. The
three buildings are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site covering the historic centre of Florence and are a major attraction to tourists visiting the region of Tuscany. The basilica is one of Italy's largest churches, and until development of new structural materials in the modern era, the dome was the largest in the world. It remains the largest brick dome ever constructed. The cathedral is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, whose archbishop is currently Giuseppe Betori.
Ospedale degli Innocenti The Ospedale degli Innocenti ('Hospital of the Innocents', also known in old Tuscan dialect as the Spedale degli Innocenti) is a historical building in Florence, central Italy. Designed by Filippo Brunelleschiwho received the commission in 1419, it was originally a children's orphanage. It is regarded as a notable example of early Italian Renaissance
architecture. The hospital, which features a nine bay loggia facing the Piazza SS. Annunziata, was built and managed by the "Arte della Seta" or Silk Guild of Florence. That guild was one of the wealthiest in the city and, like most guilds, took upon itself philanthropic duties.
Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence The Basilica di San Lorenzo (Basilica of St Lawrence) is one of the largest churches of Florence, Italy, situated at the centre of the city‘s main market district, and the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III. It is one of several churches that claim to be the oldest in Florence; when it was consecrated in 393 it stood outside the city walls. For three hundred years it was the city's cathedral before the official seat of the bishop was transferred to Santa Reparata. San Lorenzo was also the parish church of the Medici family. In 1419, Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici offered to finance a new
church to replace the eleventh-century Romanesque rebuilding. Filippo Brunelleschi, the leading Renaissance architect of the first half of the fifteenth century, was commissioned to design it, but the building, with alterations, was not completed until after his death. The church is part of a larger monastic complex that contains other important architectural works: the Old Sacristy by Brunelleschi; the Laurentian Library by Michelangelo; the New Sacristy based on Michelangelo's designs; and the Medici Chapels by Matteo Nigetti.
Santo Spirito, Florence The Basilica of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito ("St. Mary of the Holy Spirit") is a church in Florence, Italy. Usually referred to simply as Santo Spirito, it is
located in the Oltrarno quarter, facing the square with the same name. The building on the interior is one of the pre-eminent examples of Renaissance architecture.
Pazzi Chapel The Pazzi Chapel is a religious building in Florence, central Italy, considered to be one of the masterpieces
of Renaissance architecture. It is located in the "first cloister" of the Basilica di Santa Croce.
AWARDS:
Brunelleschi's dome was the greatest architectural feat in the Western world.
