Contaminación-del-Suelo-por-Agroquímicos.docx

“AÑO DE LA DIVERSIFICACIÓN PRODUCTIVA Y DEL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN”

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE HUANCAVELICA

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES E.A.P. CONTABILIDAD TEMA:

“CONTAMINACIÓN DEL SUELO POR AGROQUÍMICOS” CURSO

:

DOCENTE CICLO

GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL :

:

ESTUDIANTES

VII – “A” :

CASTRO CAST RO OLAR OLA RTE, Yeny. eny. ESPINOZA RAMOS, Miy R!"#.

$UAMAN MOLINA, RA%UEL ELENA INCA RIVEROS, Din# &e#ne''e. LEGU(A $UAMAN, Mei"# M#)i"!. RAYMUNDO RAYMUNDO LIZANA, LI ZANA, $#)!* $ #)!* VERGARA C$ANC$A, G#+)ie

HUANCAVELICA - 2015

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE HUANCAVELICA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES

E.A.P. DE CONTABILIDAD

EL PRESENTE TRABAJO ESTÁ ESTÁ DEDIC DEDICADO ADO A TODOS TODOS LOS MAESTROS QUE DÍA A DÍA NOS IMPARTEN NUEVOS CONO CO NOCI CIMI MIEN ENTO TOS S CO CON N EL PROPÓSITO DE SER BUENOS PROFESIONALES.



EL PRESENTE TRABAJO ESTÁ ESTÁ DEDIC DEDICADO ADO A TODOS TODOS LOS MAESTROS QUE DÍA A DÍA NOS IMPARTEN NUEVOS CONO CO NOCI CIMI MIEN ENTO TOS S CO CON N EL PROPÓSITO DE SER BUENOS PROFESIONALES.



INTRODUCCIÓN El problem !e l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo por '(elo por )ro*(+m%"o', e' (# problem *(e 'olo (#o' po"o' *(%ere# re'ol-er  *(e !+  !+ -#/. E'$e $rb0o $rb0o e' e' pr *(e l pobl"%&# 'ep !e l "(' ('' !e l "o# "o#$m $m%# %#"%& "%&# # !el '(elo '(elo.. U# !e l' re'p(e'$' !e l )e#$e e' *(e #o 'be# '% e'$1# "o#$m%##!o el '(elo e'$o 'e lle-  "bo "(#!o *(emmo' b'(r b'(r,, (# e0emplo "lro e' "(#!o lo' 'e2ore' pl%"# l' 3mo'' 4erb%"%!' e# el "mpo e'$o !em1' !e "o#$m%#r el '(elo "o#$m%## el me!%o mb%e#$e. mb%e#$e. E# me!%o !e e'$e "o' e5%'$e# !%-er'o' $%po' !e problem' problem',, l mor+ !e e'$o' lo pro-o"mo' #o'o$ro' !e l m#er po"o 'e#"%ll. M("4' -e"e' #% #o' !mo' "(e#$ "(#!o "o#$m%#mo' el '(elo. Solo l *(emr b'(r b'(r "o#$m%#mo' "o#$m%#mo' "'% $o!o el pl#e$ por $o!o el *(+m%"o *(e 'e e5p#!e e# l $m $m&'3er. &'3er. Te#)o "omo ob0e$%-o ob0e$%-o 3(#!me#$l 3(#!me#$l "o#"%e#$%/r  l' per'o#' pr el "(%!!o !e $o!o' lo' re"(r'o' #$(rle' *(e $%e#e el pl#e$ $%err  $%err  pr"$%"r pr"$%"r l "o#'er-"%&# "o#'er-"%&# !e '(elo. Tmb%6# e' %mpor$#$e pr *(e lo' p!re' !e 3m%l% 3m%l% *(e *(e  $%e#e# (# %!e !e lo *(e p(e! p'r e# (#o' 2o' m1' '% 'e)(%mo' '+, pr *(e le !e# (# %!e  '(' 4%0o' pr *(e ello' p(e!e# 4"er l)o e# (# 3($(ro #o m( le0#o pr *(e $e#)# (# %!e !e !e lo *(e *(e e' l "o#$m%#"%&# !el !el '(el '(elo o  l' l' "o#'e"(e#"%' *(e pro-o"# e# 6l.



CAPÍTULO I: CONTAMINACIÓN DEL SUELO 1.1 DEFINICI DEFI NICIÓN: ÓN: L "o#$m "o#$m%#" %#"%&# %&# !el '(elo '(elo "o#'%'$ "o#'%'$e e e# l "(m(l "(m(l"% "%&# &# !e '('$#"%' '('$#"%'   (#o' (#o' #%-e #%-ele le'' $le $le'' *(e *(e repe reper"( r"($e $e# # #e) #e)$%$%- -me# me#$e $e e# el "omp "ompor$ or$m m%e %e#$ #$o o !e lo' '(elo' '(elo'.. L' '('$#"%',  e'o' #%-ele' !e "o#"e#$r"%&#, 'e -(el-e# $&5%"' pr lo' or)#%'mo' *(e -%-e# -%-e# e# e# 6l. Se $r$ p(e' !e (# !e)r!"%&# *(+m%" *(e pro-o" l p6r!%! pr"%l o $o$l !e '( pro!("$%-%!!. Se 4bl 4bl  !e "o#$ "o#$m m%# %#" "%& %&# # !el !el '(el '(elo o "(# "(#!o !o 'e %#$r %#$ro! o!(" ("e# e# '('$ '('$# #"% "%' ' o elem eleme#$ e#$o' o' !e $%po $%po '&l% '&l%!o, !o, l+*( l+*(%! %!o o o )'e )'eo'o o'o *(e *(e o"'% o"'%o# o## # *(e *(e 'e 3e" 3e"$e $e l b%o$ b%o$ e!13%", e!13%", l' pl#$' pl#$',, l -%! #%ml #%ml   l 'l(! 4(m#. 4(m#. El '(el '(elo o )e#e )e#er rlm lme# e#$e $e 'e "o#$ "o#$m m%# %#  !e !%-e !%-er' r'  3orm 3orm'7 '7 "(# "(#!o !o 'e romp rompe# e# $#* $#*(e' (e' !e lm lm"e "e# #m% m%e# e#$o $o '(b$ '(b$er err1# r1#eo eo,, "(# "(#!o !o 'e pl% pl%" "# # pe'$%"%!' pe'$%"%!',, por 3%l$r 3%l$r"%o# "%o#e' e' !el l"#$r%ll!o l"#$r%ll!o   po/ po/o' o' "% "%e) e)o' o',, o por por "(m "(m(l (l" "%& %&# # !%re !%re"$ "$  !e pro!("$o' %#!('$r%le' o r!%o"$%-o'. Lo' pro!("$o' *(+m%"o' m1' "om(#e' %#"l(e# !er%-!o' !el pe$r&leo pe$r&leo,, 'ol-e#$e' 'ol-e#$e',, pe'$ pe'$%" %"%! %!' '  o$ro o$ro'' me$ me$le le'' pe' pe'!o' !o'.. E'$e E'$e 3e#& 3e#&me me#o #o e'$1 e'$1 e'$r e'$re" e"4 4me me#$ #$e e rel"%o#!o "o# el )r!o !e %#!('$r%l%/"%&# e %#$e#'%!! !el ('e !e pro!("$o' *(+m%"o'. E# lo "o#"er#%e#$e  l "o#$m%#"%&# !e '(elo' '( r%e')o e' pr%mr%me#$e !e 'l(! 'l(!,, !e 3orm !%re"$  l e#$rr e# "o#$"$o "o# 3(e#$e' !e )( po$ble. po$ble. L !el%m%$"%&# !e l' /o#' "o#$m%#!'  l re'(l$#$e l%mp%e/ !e 6'$ 'o# $re' *(e *(e "o#' "o#'(m (me# e# m("4 m("4o o $%em $%empo po  !%#e !%#ero ro,, re*( re*(%r %r%e %e#! #!o o e5$e e5$e#' #'' ' 4b% 4b%l%l%! !!e !e'' !e )eolo)+ )eolo)+,, 4%!ro)r3+ 4%!ro)r3+,, *(+m%" *(+m%"   mo!elo'  "omp($!or.



1.2 CLASES DE CONTAMINACIÓN:

1.2.1 NATURAL: C('! por lo' pro"e'o' !e l #$(rle/. E' l "o#$m%#"%&# "('! por lo' pro"e'o' #ormle' *(e 'e pro!("e# e# l '(per3%"%e !e l $%err "omo l ll(-% o l' er(p"%o#e' -ol"1#%"'.

a. Incendios, l -e)e$"%&# l *(emr'e !e0 re'%!(o' e# el '(elo *(e 'o# !%3+"%le' !e !e)r!r.

. L!"#ia $cida, "(#!o '('$#"%' *(+m%"' #o"%-' "e# l '(elo por me!%o !e l ll(-%.

c. %o!canes, L' er(p"%o#e' -ol"1#%"' lle)# l '(elo  lo "o#$m%##.

d. Mine&a!es en &ocas, L' ro"' !e'pre#!e# m%#erle' *(e -(el-e# e'$6r%l el '(elo.

1.2.2 ANTRÓPICA: C('! por "$%-%!!e' !el 4ombre. E' l "o#$m%#"%&# "('! por el 4ombre l pro!("%r !e'e"4o' *(e 3e"$# el '(elo e# l' !%3ere#$e' "$%-%!!e' *(e rel%/ e# l 'o"%e!!.

a. A'&ic"!("&a, l)(#o' pe'$%"%!'  3er$%l%/#$e' lle)# l '(elo  lo !e'$r(e#.

. Ind"s(&ias, lo' Re'%!(o' !e 31br%"' $%e#e# *(+m%"o' per0(!%"%le' pr el '(elo.



c. Mine&)a, 'e pro!("e# (# 'er%e !e re'%!(o' l+*(%!o'  '&l%!o' *(e l 3%l$rr'e !e'$r(e# el '(elo.

d. *as"&a, lo' re'%!(o' e# b'(rero' (rb#o' 'e 3%l$r#  !e$er%or# el $erre#o.

1.+ CAUSAS: L' pr%#"%ple' "('' 'o#7         

Pl1'$%"o' M$er% Or)1#%" Sol-e#$e' Pl)(%"%!' 8%#'e"$%"%!', 4erb%"%!', 3(#)%"%!'9 o S('$#"%' r!%o"$%-' *(e "o#$m%## el '(elo #$(rl o r$%3%"%l. Ll(-% 1"%! B'(r Abo#o' '%#$6$%"o' A"$%-%!!e' pe$roler'

1.+.1 P!a'"icidas o es(icidas Lo' pl)(%"%!' o pe'$%"%!' 'o# '('$#"%' *(+m%"' emple!' por el 4ombre pr "o#$rolr o "omb$%r l)(#o' 'ere' -%-o' "o#'%!er!o' "omo pl)' 8!eb%!o  *(e p(e!e# e'$roper lo' "mpo'  lo' 3r($o' "(l$%-!o'9. A e'$e pro"e'o 'e le llm 3(m%)"%&#. Se p(e!e# "l'%3%"r e#7 . -id&oca&"&os c!o&ados: 'o# "omp(e'$o' *(+m%"o' '%#$6$%"o', !er%-!o' !e 4%!ro"rb(ro' 8pe$r&leo, )'9, *(e $%e#e# "r"$er+'$%"' $&5%"'. U# !e !%"4' "r"$er+'$%"'. e' '( )r# per'%'$e#"% o lo#)e-%!!, e' !e"%r *(e #o 'e !e'"ompo#e# o lo 4"e# m( le#$me#$e, perm#e"%e#!o m("4o $%empo e# el mb%e#$e. E#$re ello' e'$1#7 DDT, Al!r+#, D%el!r+#, E#!r+#,



:ep$"loro, :e5"lorobe#"e#o, M%re5  Clor!#o. Por '( lo#)e-%!! 'o# m( !2%#o'  'e "o#"e#$r# e# l' "!e#' l%me#$rl'. b. O&'anooso&ados: "omp(e'$o' *(+m%"o' m( -r%!o', "o# e3e"$o pr%mr%o  r1p%!o 'obre el '%'$em #er-%o'o. So# !e -%! m( "or$, por lo *(e #o $%e#e# e3e"$o re'%!(l. ". O&'anoc!o&ados: "o#$%e#e# "loro e# '( e'$r("$(r  $%e#e# e3e"$o re'%!(l. !. Ca&ona(os: %#'e"$%"%!' 'ele"$%-o' !e r1p%! !e)r!"%&# mb%e#$l. A"$;# 'obre el '%'$em #er-%o'o. e. Na("&a!es: ob$e#%!o' e# b'e  pl#$', "omo lo' p%re$ro%!e' !el p%re$ro, l #%"o$%# !el $b"o, l ro$e#o# !el brb'"o, e$".

1.+.2 Insec(icidas Se ('# pr e5$erm%#r pl)' !e %#'e"$o'. A"$;# 'obre lr-', 4(e-o' o %#'e"$o' !(l$o'. U#o !e lo' %#'e"$%"%!' m1' ('!o 3(e el DDT, *(e 'e "r"$er%/ por 'er m( r1p%!o. Trb0 por "o#$"$o  e' b'orb%!o por l "($+"(l !e lo' %#'e"$o', pro-o"1#!ole' l m(er$e. E'$e %#'e"$%"%! p(e!e m#$e#er'e por <= 2o' o m1' e# lo' '(elo'  #o 'e !e'"ompo#e.

Se 4 !emo'$r!o *(e lo' %#'e"$%"%!' or)#o"lor!o', "omo e' el "'o !el DDT , 'e %#$ro!("e# e# l' "!e#' l%me#$%"%'  'e "o#"e#$r# e# el $e0%!o )r'o !e lo' #%mle'. C(#$o m1' l$o 'e e#"(e#$re e# l "!e# e' !e"%r, m1' le0o' !e lo' -e)e$le' m1' "o#"e#$r!o' e'$r1 el %#'e"$%"%!. E# $o!o' lo' e'lbo#e' !e l "!e#, e5%'$%r1# !o'%' !e %#'e"$%"%! e# '(' $e0%!o'. S%# embr)o, e# el "r#+-oro !e >. ? Or!e#, el %#'e"$%"%! e'$r1 m("4o m1' "o#"e#$r!o.

El problem !e l "o#$m%#"%&# por pl)(%"%!' e' "! -e/ m1' )r-e $#$o por l "#$%!!  !%-er'%!! "omo por l re'%'$e#"%  ello' *(e !*(%ere# l)(#'



e'pe"%e', lo *(e o"'%o# *(e 'e re*(%er "! -e/ mor "#$%!! !el pl)(%"%! pr ob$e#er el e3e"$o !e'e!o e# l' pl)'. S%# embr)o, l 3lor  3(# or%(#!' e' 3e"$! "! -e/ m1' !e'$r(e#!o l !%-er'%!! #$(rl !e l' re)%o#e' e# *(e 'e ('#. A!em1' p(e!e# 'er "o#'(m%!o' por el 4ombre  $r-6' !e pl#$'  #%mle' *(e "o#'(me "omo l%me#$o. : o$ro' %#'e"$%"%!' *(e 'o# ('!o' e# l' "$%-%!!e' 4or$o3r($+"ol'@ 'o# b%o!e)r!ble'  #o 'e "o#"e#$r#, pero '( ""%&# $&5%" e'$1 'o"%! l me"#%'mo !e $r#'m%'%&# !el %mp(l'o #er-%o'o, pro-o"#!o e# lo' or)#%'mo' "o#$m%#!o' (# !e'"oor!%#"%&# !el '%'$em #er-%o'o.

1.+.+ -e&icidas So# (# $%po !e "omp(e'$o *(+m%"o *(e !e'$r(e l -e)e$"%&#,  *(e %mp%!e# el "re"%m%e#$o !e lo' -e)e$le' e# '( e$p 0(-e#%l o b%e# e0er"e# (# ""%&# 'obre el me$bol%'mo !e lo' -e)e$le' !(l$o'. E'$o "o#lle- *(e l' -e' *(e 'e l%me#$# !e l -e)e$"%&# ro"%! "o# e'$o' 4erb%"%!' 'e "o#$m%#e#.

1.+./ F"n'icidas So# pl)(%"%!' *(e 'e ('# pr po!er "omb$%r el !e'rrollo !e lo' 4o#)o' 83%$opr1'%$o'9. Co#$%e#e# lo' me$le' /(3re  "obre.

1.+.0 Ac(i#idad ine&a L "$%-%!! m%#er $mb%6# "o#$m%# lo' '(elo',  $r-6' !e l' )(' !e rel-e. De e'$e mo!o, lle)# 4'$ ello' "%er$o' eleme#$o' *(+m%"o' "omo mer"(r%o 8:)9, "!m%o 8C!9, "obre 8C(9, r'6#%"o 8A'9, plomo 8Pb9, e$"6$er. Por e0emplo7 el mer"(r%o *(e 'e or%)%# e# l' %#!('$r%' !e "eme#$o, %#!('$r% !el ppel, pl#$' !e "loro  'o!, "$%-%!! -ol"1#%", e$"6$er.



Al)(#o' !e '(' e3e"$o' $&5%"o' 'o#7 l$er"%&# e# el '%'$em #er-%o'o  re#l. E# lo' #%2o', pro-o" !%'m%#("%&# !el "oe3%"%e#$e %#$ele"$(l@ e# lo' !(l$o', l$er '( "r1"$er, po#%6#!olo' m1' )re'%-o'. O$ro "'o e' el r'6#%"o *(e 'e or%)%# e# l %#!('$r% m%#er. S( e5%'$e#"% e' #$(rl e# l II Re)%&#. E'$e m%#erl pro!("e e3e"$o' $&5%"o'  #%-el !e l p%el, p(lmo#e', "or/&#  '%'$em #er-%o'o.

Po& !a#ado de O&o L e5plo$"%&# (r+3er e'$1 "e#$rl%/! e# M!re !e D%o'  rem(e-e m%llo#e' !e me$ro' ";b%"o' !e $%err, re#  )rb' !e r%ber', '+ "omo 1re' bo'"o'' 4'$ pro3(#!%!!e' !e    me$ro', $re#!o "o#'%)o "o#'e"(e#"%' mb%e#$le' %mp"$#$e' "omo e' l "o#$m%#"%&# !e $%err' )r+"ol'.

1.+. L!"#ia 3cida A'en(es Ca"san(es. E'$ "%!e/ !e l ll(-% 'e !ebe  l em%'%&# #$r&p%" !e !%&5%!o !e /(3re  &5%!o !e #%$r&)e#o !e l' "e#$rle' $6rm%"'  lo' -e4+"(lo'  mo$or (rb#o'. E'$o' pro!("$o' %#$er"$;# "o# l l(/ !el Sol, 4(me!!  o5%!#$e' $mo'36r%"o' pro!("%e#!o 1"%!o' '(l3;r%"o  #+$r%"o. P(e!e# m#$e#er'e -r%o' !+' e# l $m&'3er  'er $r#'por$!o', 3orm#!o (# "o#$m%#"%&# $r#'3ro#$er%/, "e#!o l '(elo e# 3orm !e ll(-% 1"%!. S( !epo'%"%&# p(e!e 'er $mb%6# 'e"  $# !2%# "omo l 4;me!.

El $r#'por$e !e l ll(-% 1"%! e'$1 "o#!%"%o#!o por l "%r"(l"%&# $mo'36r%"  e p(e!e -er 3re#!o por lo' "$%o#e' !e 'o!%o, po$'%o, "l"%o, m)#e'%o  mo#%o,



*(e b1'%"me#$e pro"e!e# !e l e-por"%&# e# lo' o"6#o'. Por ello, l ll(-% 1"%! 'e $r#'por$ pre3ere#$eme#$e e# el m%'mo "o#$%#e#$e,  'e 3re# e# lo' o"6#o'. L' l$' "4%me#e' ('!' pr e-%$r l "o#$m%#"%&# lo"l, proe"$# lo' "o#$m%##$e'  #%-ele' !o#!e p(e!e# 'er $r#'por$!o' por el -%e#$o  re)%o#e'  p+'e' !%'$%#$o' !e '(' pro!("$ore'. S(' e3e"$o' 'o# 31"%lme#$e ob'er-ble' 'obre lo' m$er%le' !e "o#'$r(""%&# l "orroer me$le'  $"r  l p%e!r !e mo#(me#$o'  e!%3%"%o'. S(' e3e"$o' 3(er !e l' "%(!!e'7 

Sobre l' pl#$' '(per%ore', e# e'pe"%l "o#+3er', !e$er%or l "($+"(l !e l' 4o0', !2o %rre-er'%ble !el 3oll0e. I#"reme#$ l p6r!%! !e #($r%e#$e'



!el '(elo. Sobre l)o'  )(' !(l"e' pro!("e '( "%!%3%""%&#, !2#!o "om(#%!!e' "(1$%"' *(e 'o# m( po"o $oler#$e'  !e'"e#'o' !el P: !el me!%o. Imp%!e# l re'p%r"%&# !e or)#%'mo' "(1$%"o' l (me#$r l "#$%!! !e !%&5%!o !e Crbo#o !%'(el$o. D%'m%#(e# l re#o-"%&# !e



)('. Pro!("e# "%!%3%""%&# !e lo' '(elo', e# e'pe"%l 'obre lo' pobre' e# "l"%o  e# b'e', "omo lo' '(elo' '%l+"eo', !%'m%#(e#!o l re'er- m%#erl !e l

*(e p(e!e# !%'po#er l' pl#$' por rr'$re !e '(' "$%o#e'. <.. *as"&a L !e'$r(""%&#  el !e$er%oro !el '(elo 'o# m( 3re"(e#$e' e# l' "%(!!e'  '(' lre!e!ore', pero 'e pre'e#$# e# "(l*(%er pr$e !o#!e 'e rro0e b'(r o '('$#"%' "o#$m%##$e' l '(elo m%'mo, l )( o l %re.

C(#!o mo#$o#mo' l b'(r l %re l%bre, 6'$ perm#e"e e# (# m%'mo l()r !(r#$e m("4o $%empo, pr$e !e l b'(r or)1#%" 8re'%!(o' !e l%me#$o' "omo "1'"r' !e 3r($, pe!/o' !e $or$%ll, e$".9 'e 3erme#$, !em1' !e !r or%)e#  ml olor  )'e' $&5%"o', l 3%l$rr'e  $r-6' !el '(elo e# e'pe"%l "(#!o 6'$e e'



permeble, 8!e0 p'r lo' l+*(%!o'9 "o#$m%# "o# 4o#)o', b"$er%,  o$ro' m%"roor)#%'mo' p$&)e#o' 8pro!("$ore' !e e#3erme!!e'9, #o '&lo e'e '(elo, '%#o $mb%6# l' )(' '(per3%"%le'  l' '(b$err1#e' *(e e'$1# e# "o#$"$o "o# 6l, %#$err(mp%e#!o lo' "%"lo' b%o)eo*(+m%"o'  "o#$m%#!o l' "!e#' l%me#$%"%'.

1.+.4 Los aonos sin(5(icos 6"&ea, ni(&a(os, osa(os, c!o&"&os, e(c.7 Debe# 'er ('!o' "o# mo!er"%&#  "1l"(lo, p(e' '( b('o %#$o5%"  m$ l 3(# 8lombr%"e', %#'e"$o', 1"ro'9  3lor 84o#)o', b"$er%'9 !el '(elo. Co# el )( lo' bo#o' lle)#  lo' r+o',  lo' l)o'  l mr, 3e"$#!o  pl#$'  #%mle' "(1$%"o'. Por e'o e' me0or ('r bo#o' or)1#%"o' "omo el )(#o !e %'l, 4(m(', bo#o' -er!e', e'$%6r"ol !e #%mle', e$".

1.+.8 Con(ainaci9n o& ac(i#idades e(&o!e&as L e5plo$"%&# !e pe$r&leo e' (# !e l' "$%-%!!e' e"o#&m%"' pr%#"%ple' e# l re)%&#, !e'!e *(e 'e !e'"(br%& e# lo' 2o' 'e'e#$. L "o#$m%#"%&# 'e pro!("e, pr%#"%plme#$e, !(r#$e l per3or"%&# !e lo' po/o'  e# l 3'e !e pro!(""%&# !el pe$r&leo. Lo' !e'e"4o' *(e 'e )e#er# "o#$m%## el '(elo, el )(  el %re,  *(e l mor+ !e l' -e"e' 'e -%er$e# '%# $r$m%e#$o pre-%o.

Iac(os en !as Fases de P&osecci9n  Pe&o&aci9n: L per$(r  $r/!o !e $ro"4'  "rre$er', l ($%l%/"%&# !e e5plo'%-o', l $l !e -e)e$"%&# 'obre $r#'ep$o' !e "%e#$o' !e %l&me$ro', l "/  pe'" %#!%'"r%m%#! por pr$e !e lo' $rb0!ore'  el ('o !e e53ol%#$e'  4erb%"%!'.



E# l 3'e !e per3or"%&# l "o#$m%#"%&# p(e!e 'er pro!("%! por lo' lo!o' !e per3or"%&#, '% #o 'o# b%e# $r$!o' e# el '(m%!ero !e lo!o'. E'$o' lo!o' "o#$%e#e# "lor(ro', '(l3$o'  me$le' pe'!o' $le' "omo br%o, "!m%o, "obre, mer"(r%o, /%#"  plomo  o$ro' pro!("$o' $&5%"o'. E'$o' pro!("$o' p(e!e# "o#$m%#r el '(elo  el )( por l%5%-%"%&#.

1./ CONSECUENCIAS DEL USO DE A;RO
!e

lo'

%#"o#-e#%e#$e'

m1'

preo"(p#$e'

!el

('o

!e

!%'$%#$o' )ro*(+m%"o' 84erb%"%!', 3er$%l%/#$e', 3(#)%"%!' e %#'e"$%"%!'9 'e rel"%o# "o# l' ml3orm"%o#e' *(e p(e!e# pre'e#$r l' per'o#' re"%6# #"%!'. A'+ e', el ('o !e )ro*(+m%"o' #o 'olo $re problem' !e 'l(! pr l' per'o#' *(e lo' m#%p(l#  e'$1# e# "o#$"$o "o# ello', '%#o *(e $mb%6# 'o# (# pel%)ro pr l' #(e-' -%!' *(e 6'$o' "o#"%be#. A'+ m%'mo, el ('o, "o#$"$o  m#%p(l"%&# !e )ro*(+m%"o' p(e!e# )e#err %#"o#-e#%e#$e' e# l' -+' !%)e'$%-'  re'p%r$or%' !e l' per'o#', "omo $mb%6# p(e!e# pro-o"r "1#"er !e p%el  problem' !e repro!(""%&#. A!%"%o#lme#$e, el CONICET, Co#'e0o N"%o#l !e I#-e'$%)"%o#e' C%e#$+3%"'  T6"#%"', "o#"l(&, l(e)o !e (#' %#-e'$%)"%o#e' e# el pre'e#$e $em, *(e lo' )ro*(+m%"o' p(e!e# pro!("%r ml3orm"%o#e' #e(ro#le', %#$e'$%#le'  "r!%"'. El ('o !e )ro*(+m%"o' "o#lle- m("4o' pel%)ro'  r%e')o'.  '% le '(mmo' l po" re'po#'b%l%!! empre'r%l *(e e5%'$e# e# l)(#' empre''  l 3l$ !e "%er$' me!%!' re)(l!or', 4"e (# G"ombo mor$lH. No 'olo )e#er# e'$o' 'er%o' problem' !e 'l(!  ml3orm"%o#e', '%#o *(e $mb%6# "o#$m%## lo' l%me#$o' !e lo' "(l$%-o'  l' )(' !e l' #p' '(b$err1#e'.



Pr "o#"l(%r, )re)mo' (# !$o m1' pr "o#"%e#$%/r  repe#'r el ('o !e e'$o' )ro*(+m%"o'7 L(e)o !e ('r e'$o' pro!("$o' *(+m%"o', l)o 4 *(e 4"er "o# lo' e#-'e' *(e lo' "o#$%e#e#, lo' "(le' "o#'$%$(e# (# )r# r%e')o "o#$m%##$e.  "omo 'e p(e!e# %m)%#r, #o 4 m("4o' )r%"(l$ore' *(e le !e# (# $r$m%e#$o "omo re'%!(o pel%)ro'o. E'$o $re pre0! (# '%$("%&# "o# "%e#$o' !e $o#el!' !e e#-'e' !e pe'$%"%!', 4erb%"%!'  !em1' *(e, l #o $r$r'e "orre"$me#$e, "o#$m%## lo' '(elo'  )(' !e #(e'$r T%err.

CAPITULO II: SITUACIÓN ACTUAL POR LA CONTAMINACIÓN DE A;RO


e'$b# l%)!o'  l%ber"%o#e' "o#'$#$e' !e pe'$%"%!' or)#o"lor!o' 8:e#!%#  Pee, <9. O$r' %#-e'$%)"%o#e' e# el 1re "o#'$$# l )r-e!! !el problem. Por e0emplo, (# e'$(!%o rel%/!o e# l I#!% repor$& #%-ele' !e DDT !e >.> ppm e# '(elo  =.
Por e0emplo, e# <, (# e'$(!%o !e m(0ere' embr/!' e# T%l#!% re-el& *(e el  por "%e#$o !e ell' e'$b# "o#$m%#!o' "o# pe'$%"%!' or)#o"lor!o', '%e#!o lo' pe'$%"%!' !e$e"$!o' el DDT, L%#!#o, :C:  :ep$"loro 8A$%'oo e$ l., <9. De l m%'m m#er, (# e'$(!%o rel%/!o e# Ver"r(/ M65%"o por l%'/e'% e$ l. 8<9, !emo'$r& *(e e# 0&-e#e' me#ore' !e >= 2o' !e e!! lo' #%-ele' !e "o#$m%#"%&# "o# DDT er# l$+'%mo', e#"o#$r1#!o'e e#$re   >= ppm. E' por ello *(e el  !e !%"%embre 'e "elebr el GD+ I#$er#"%o#l !el NO ('o !e Pl)(%"%!'H, *(e $%e#e por 3%#l%!! re3le5%o#r  $omr "o#"%e#"% e# l pobl"%&# 'obre l )r-e "r%'%' mb%e#$l )e#er! por el ('o !e lo' )ro*(+m%"o'  #%-el )lobl. E'$ 3e"4 3(e e'$ble"%! por l' == or)#%/"%o#e' %#$e)r#$e' !e PAN 8Pe'$%"%!e A"$%o# Ne$or9 e# = p+'e', re"or!#!o  l' m%le' !e per'o#' 3lle"%!'  o$r' *(e *(e!ro# "o# 'e"(el',  "o#'e"(e#"% !el ""%!e#$e !e B4opl 8I#!%, <K9 !o#!e 'e l%ber& (# "ompo#e#$e ($%l%/!o e# l elbor"%&# !e (# pl)(%"%! !e l Corpor"%&# U#%&# Crb%!e. E' opor$(#o re"or!r *(e !(r#$e l Co#3ere#"% !e l' N"%o#e' U#%!' 'obre el Me!%o Amb%e#$e  el De'rrollo, "o#o"%! "omo GC(mbre !e l T%errH 8Br'%l,



<>9 l ONU ('p%"%&, e#$re o$ro' -l%o'o' "(er!o', l '('"r%p"%&# !el Co#-e#%o !e R&$er!m 8:ol#!9 "o# l 3%#l%!! !e re)(lr el "omer"%o !e pl)(%"%!' e5$rem!me#$e $&5%"o'. El Per; 4 '('"r%$o e'$e $r$!o rel"%o#!o  l' "$%-%!!e' )r+"ol'  'l(! !e l pobl"%&#. Se);# e'$!+'$%"' !e or)#%'mo' %#$er#"%o#le', el = por "%e#$o !e lo' pl)(%"%!' -er$%!o' e# el m(#!o, 'o# pro!("%!o' e# p+'e' %#!('$r%l%/!o'@ m%e#$r' el K= !e '( "omer"%l%/"%&# e'$1 e# po!er !e > empre'' $r#'#"%o#le', !e l' "(le' Ber, C%b e%), ICI, Mo#'#$o  S4ell, "o#$rol# l m%$! !e $o! '( -e#$. L' e'$!+'$%"' !el "o#'(mo !e )ro*(+m%"o' !em(e'$r# '( %#"reme#$o  pr$%r pr%#"%plme#$e !e <=. A'+ lo "re!%$ el Ce#$ro P#mer%"#o !e E"olo)+ :(m#  Sl(!, *(e 'e2l l Per; "omo (#o !e lo' p+'e' "o# mor "#$%!! !e "ompo#e#$e' *(+m%"o' ($%l%/!o por %l&me$ro "(!r!o 8e# "ompr"%&# "o# Co'$ R%", M65%"o, ($eml, Colomb%  Br'%l9.

2.1.1. La Faosa Docena S"cia De'!e el 2o <K, PAN 8Pe'$%"%!e' A"$%o# Ne$or9 "o# '(' "%#"o o3%"%#'7 A'%, Á3r%", Am6r%" L$%#, Nor$e Am6r%"  E(rop, e'$1# $rb0#!o e# lo *(e 'e !e#om%#& L Cmp2 "o#$r l Do"e# S("%. E'$ "mp2, "o#"eb%! "omo (# %#'$r(me#$o !e e!(""%&# pop(lr 'obre el r%e')o !el ('o %#!%'"r%m%#!o !e pl)(%"%!', e#3o" l $e#"%&# 'obre !o"e pl)(%"%!' "o#'%!er!o' e5$rem!me#$e pel%)ro'o'. L "mp2 !e l !o"e# '("% 4 $e#%!o m("4o 65%$o e# -r%o' p+'e', )r"%' l r!(o $rb0o !e l' or)#%/"%o#e' )r(p!' lre!e!or !e PAN. E# Am6r%" L$%# 'e 4# lo)r!o pro4%b%r l %mpor$"%&#  ('o !e e'$o' pl)(%"%!' e# E"(!or, Colomb%  Co'$ R%", )r"%'  (# %#$e#' pre'%&# e0er"%! 'obre lo' )ob%er#o'   (# $rb0o '%'$em1$%"o e# e!(""%&# pop(lr. L Or)#%/"%&# M(#!%l !e l Sl(! 8OMS9 4 '%!o (# !e l' or)#%/"%o#e' *(e m1' po!o e'$ l("4  pr ello lo' e'$!o' 0(#$o  m("4' ON',



!e'rrollro# ""%o#e' %#$er#"%o#le' !e poo  e'$ "mp2, por l "#$%!! !e m(er$e' *(e e'$o' pl)(%"%!' 4# pro-o"!o. L "mp2 !e l DOCENA SUCIA $%e#e "omo 3%#l%!!7 •

Co#'%!err l 'l(! 4(m#  l "l%!! !el me!%o mb%e#$e, "omo 3"$ore'

•

m1' %mpor$#$e' *(e, el ('o  "omer"%l%/"%&# !e lo' pl)(%"%!'. A"br "o# ('o !e lo' pl)(%"%!' !e l Do"e# S("%, e# lo' p+'e' e#

•

!o#!e #o e5%'$# "o#!%"%o#e' prop%!' *(e pro$e0# l 'er 4(m#o. :"er lle)r $o! l %#3orm"%&# $6"#%" #e"e'r% 'obre l 'l(!  l

•

'e)(r%!! !e l' per'o#'. Apor l %#-e'$%)"%&#  el ('o !e o$ro' m6$o!o' !e "o#$rol !e pl)' *(e re!(/"# l m+#%mo o el%m%#r el ('o !e lo' pl)(%"%!'.

L pl%""%&# !e l llm! G!o"e# '("%H #o e' (# l$er#$%- pr "o#$rolr l' pl)'. El per3e""%o#m%e#$o !e me"#%'mo' !e %#m(#%!! #$e lo' pl)(%"%!' !e or%)e# r$%3%"%l, e' (# !e l' 'e"(el' !e '( ('o !e'me'(r!o. E5%'$e# m1' !e = e'pe"%e' !e %#'e"$o' re'%'$e#$e'  lo' pl)(%"%!'  '( el%m%#"%&# %mpl%" more' "o#"e#$r"%o#e' !el pro!("$o , e# "o#'e"(e#"%, empler eleme#$o' m1' po$e#$e'  3re"(e#$e'.

2.1.2. T5cnicas e!eadas a&a e! oni(o&eo de a'&o=")icos A pe'r !e l problem1$%" pre'e#$! por l "o#$m%#"%&# "o# )ro*(+m%"o' e# L$%#om6r%", e' po"o lo *(e 'e 4 4e"4o,  #o e' 4'$ 4"e po"o *(e 'e 4# m'%3%"!o lo' e'$(!%o' !e e-l("%&# !el %mp"$o mb%e#$l pr "o#$r%b(%r  !e$e"$r l' /o#' "o# more' problem'. E# e'$e 'pe"$o, el #1l%'%' *(+m%"o 0(e)

(#

ppel

%mpor$#$e,



$6"#%"'

"omo

l

"rom$o)r3+,

l

e'pe"$ro3o$ome$r+, l re3le5%&# !e ro'  o el ('o !e $r/!ore' r!%"$%-o' 4# '%!o emple!' pr l !e$e""%&#  "(#$%3%""%&# !e )e#$e' "o#$m%##$e' e# !%-er'o' e"o'%'$em'.

2.2. AN3LISIS A NI%EL NACIONAL



E# el Per; e'$e e' (# problem 'er%o. E# el 'e"$or )rope"(r%o 'e (b%" el < !e re'%!e#$e' e# '%$("%&# e"o#&m%"me#$e "$%-  'e "o#"e#$r el = !e 4b%$#$e' e# e5$rem pobre/. Se);# e'$(!%o' !el M%#%'$er%o !e Trb0o 4 . m%llo#e' !e %#!%-%!(o' o"(p!o' e# el )r%"(l$(r. Por lo $#$o, e'$1# e5p(e'$o' 8!%re"$ o %#!%re"$me#$e9  l' reper"('%o#e' !e lo' pe'$%"%!', )e#er#!o #(mero'' $'' !e %#$o5%""%&#, e# e'pe"%l e# 1re' !e %#$e#' "$%-%!! )r+"ol. E# #(e'$ro p+' 'e mer"!e# K pro!("$o' *(+m%"o' pr el "o#$rol !e pl)', morme#$e emple!o' e# l "o'$, l "e0 !e 'el-  e# lo' -lle' %#$er#!%#o'. De e'$o', < pro-%e#e# !e #"%o#e' !el Nor$e. L' e'$!+'$%"' !el "o#'(mo !e )ro*(+m%"o' !em(e'$r# '( %#"reme#$o  pr$%r !e <=. A'+ lo "re!%$ el Ce#$ro P#mer%"#o !e E"olo)+ :(m#  Sl(!, *(e #o' 'e2l "omo (#o !e lo' p+'e' "o# mor "#$%!! !e "ompo#e#$e' *(+m%"o' ($%l%/!o por %l&me$ro "(!r!o 8e# "ompr"%&# "o# Co'$ R%", M65%"o, ($eml, Colomb%  Br'%l9. L '%embr !e 4o0 !e "o" pr l pro!(""%&# !e PBC 4 "o%#"%!%!o "o# l #e)l%)e#"% !e l' ($or%!!e' )(ber#me#$le' *(%e#e' perm%$e# l %#$ro!(""%&# !e )ro*(+m%"o' !e prob!' rm%3%""%o#e' #e)$%-' pr l 'l(!  el e#$or#o e"ol&)%"o. A!%"%o#lme#$e  lo' m6$o!o' $r!%"%o#le', e5%'$e# '('$#"%' b%ol&)%"me#$e "$%-'  !e or%)e# -e)e$l, #%ml  m%#erl, ($%l%/!' pr el%m%#r pl)' e %#'e"$o'. U# e0emplo "o#o"%!o e' l m(2, emple! pr pro$e)er l%me#$o' lm"e#!o'. E'$(!%o' rel%/!o' 'e2l# l e5%'$e#"% e# el Per; !e, pro5%m!me#$e, <== e'pe"%e' !e pl#$' "o# 3"(l$!e' %#'e"$%"%!', (#*(e '( ($%l%/"%&# e' $o!-+ %#"%p%e#$e. S%# embr)o, !ebemo' re"o#o"er *(e e# m$er% le)%'l$%- 4emo' -#/!o "o# l !"%&# !e l)(#' !%'po'%"%o#e'  l p(bl%""%&# !el re)lme#$o !e l Le !e S#%!! A)rr% 8>==K9 *(e !%'po#e *(e lo' pl)(%"%!' pr '( ('o 



"omer"%l%/"%&# e# el )ro 'e# re)%'$r!o' e# el Ser-%"%o N"%o#l !e S#%!! A)rr% 8SENASA9.

2.2.1 A'&o=")icos > La P&od"cci9n De Coca En E! Pe&?: U# !e l' m1' )r#!e' preo"(p"%o#e' *(e e5%'$e 4o e# !+ e# el Per; e' l e5"e'%- ($%l%/"%&# !e pro!("$o' *(+m%"o' pr l )r%"(l$(r  e# e'pe"%l pr lo' -lle' "o# "(l$%-o' !e "o". E# lo' ;l$%mo' 2o' 4 llm!o l $e#"%&# el %#"reme#$o !el ('o !e %#'(mo' )ro*(+m%"o' ($%l%/!o' e# l pro!(""%&# !e "(l$%-o' !e "o". Se Pre"%' *(e pr lo)rr l$o' #%-ele' !e pro!("$%-%!!, lo' "(l$%-o' !e "o" !e'$%#!o' l #r"o$r13%"o 'o# 'ome$%!o'  l pl%""%&# !e 3re"(e#$e'  l$' !o'%' !e )ro*(+m%"o', e#$re ello' 3er$%l%/#$e', 4erb%"%!', %#'e"$%"%!'  3(#)%"%!'. A#l%'$' e'$%m#, *(e #(lme#$e 'e pl%" lre!e!or !e == m%l l%$ro' !e )ro*(+m%"o'  lo' "(l$%-o' !e "o", !e'$%#!o' l #r"o$r13%"o e#-e#e##!o r+o', '(elo'  !epre!#!o l 3lor  3(# !e lo' -lle' "o"lero'. L 3l$ !e "o#o"%m%e#$o !e lo' pro!("$ore' "o"lero', *(e #o m%!e# l' "o#'e"(e#"%' mb%e#$le' l ('r )r#!e' "#$%!!e' !e pro!("$o' )ro*(+m%"o', l 'er ($%l%/!o' per'%'$e# (# $%empo e# (# '(elo )r+"ol  l(e)o por 3"$ore' "l%m1$%"o' !%'"(rre#  lo' "(r'o' !e )(, 3e"$#!o  l b%o!%-er'%!!   l pobl"%&# l "o#'(m%r el )(  lo' l%me#$o', o"'%o##!o e#3erme!!e'  mor$#!! por "(m(l"%&# !e $o5%#'. L O3%"%# !e l' N"%o#e' U#%!' "o#$r l Dro)  el Del%$o  UNODC@ e# '(' !%-er'o' %#3orme' ler$ *(e 'e 4bl m( po"o !e lo' )r#!e' -ol;me#e' !e )ro*(+m%"o' *(e emple el pro!("$or "o"lero pr ele-r lo' re#!%m%e#$o' !e 4o0  por lo $#$o !e l pro!(""%&# po$e#"%l !e "lor4%!r$o !e "o"+#. G.U# ('o m1' %#$e#'o !e )ro*(+m%"o'  e# l)(#o' "'o', el mor #;mero !e "o'e"4', 'e 4 e5$e#!%!o  4 %#-ol("r!o  (# )r# #;mero !e "(e#"' "o"ler' !el p+'H> .E'$e %#"reme#$o 4 perm%$%!o *(e l pro!(""%&# !e 4o0 !e "o" 'e



%#"reme#$e  po'%b%l%$e l mor pro!(""%&# po$e#"%l !e "o"+#, *(e pr el >==K 3(e !e => $o#el!' m6$r%"', mor *(e e# 2o' #$er%ore'. E# el mer"!o lo"l e5%'$e (# )r# -r%e!! !e pro!("$o' pr ob$e#er more' re#!%m%e#$o' e# l pro!(""%&# !e 4o0 !e "o". Lo' )ro*(+m%"o' m1' ($%l%/!o' 'o# el rmo5%l, rmo5o#e 8:erb%"%!'9, o$ro' pro!("$o' l$me#$e $&5%"o' e' el Tmro#, T4%o!#, Cporl  Mo#%$or@ pro!("$o' l$me#$e $&5%"o'. E' %mpor$#$e 'e2lr *(e lo' e'$ble"%m%e#$o' %#3ormle' *(e -e#!e# e'$o' pro!("$o' $&5%"o' 'e 4# prop)!o 'obre $o!o e# el VRAE e# l "$(l%!!. E' $mb%6# m( !%3(#!%! l -e#$ !e e'$o' pro!("$o' e# l' !%3ere#$e' /o#' "o"ler' !o#!e lo' "e#$ro' !e e5pe#!%o 'e 4"e# llmr A)ro*(+m%", Ferre$er+, A)ro3er$%l%/#$e', M(l$%)ro, A)ro-e#$', e$".

2.2.1.1 Con(ainaci9n o& P&ocesaien(o de Pas(a *$sica de Coca)na Pr l elbor"%&# !e p'$ b1'%" !e "o"+# 'e ($%l%/ %#!%'"r%m%#!me#$e l$o' -ol;me#e' !e '('$#"%' *(+m%"' $le' "omo 1"%!o '(l3;r%"o, ero'e#e, "e$o#, mo#%"o  o$r' l$me#$e "o#$m%##$e'. El %mp"$o mb%e#$l !e e'$o' pro!("$o' *(+m%"o' e' m("4o m1' )r-e *(e el !e lo' )ro*(+m%"o' #$e' %#!%"!o', por lo' %#"l"(lble' -ol;me#e' !e e'o' eleme#$o' *(e 'o# rro0!o'  lo' '(elo'  r+o'.

2.2.2 En(idades en e! Pe&? ="e &e#ienen !a con(ainaci9n de! s"e!o o& a'&o=")icos Se&#icio Naciona! de Sanidad A'&a&ia 6SENASA7 E' (# or)#%'mo p;bl%"o !e'"e#$rl%/!o !el M%#%'$er%o !e A)r%"(l$(r !e Per;, "o# ($o#om+ $6"#%", !m%#%'$r$%-, e"o#&m%"  3%##"%er, e' l ($or%!! #"%o#l  el or)#%'mo o3%"%l !el Per; e# m$er% !e '#%!! )rr%. T%e#e l' '%)(%e#$e' 3(#"%o#e'7





Re)%'$r  3%'"l%/ lo' pl)(%"%!', 'em%ll'  -%-ero'@ !e %)(l m#er, lo' me!%"me#$o' -e$er%#r%o', l%me#$o' pr #%mle',  lo' %mpor$!ore', 3br%"#$e', p(#$o' !e -e#$  pro3e'%o#le' e#"r)!o'  em%$e l%"e#"%' !e %#$er#m%e#$o !e pro!("$o' )rope"(r%o'.



E# "oor!%#"%&# "o# el 'e"$or pr%-!o %#-ol("r!o  e'pe"%lme#$e "o# l "ooper"%&# !e l I#!('$r% !e Pl)(%"%!', !e'rroll pro)rm' %#$e)rle' !e "p"%$"%&# e# e'$ m$er%, e %#$e#'%3%" l' ""%o#e' !e %#3orm"%&# l p;bl%"o ('(r%o  3ome#$ el !e'rrollo !e B(e#' Pr1"$%"' 'obre el ('o  "omer"%l%/"%&# !e lo' pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol.



Prom(e-e *(e e# l 3orm"%&# !el re"(r'o 4(m#o  #%-el !e pre  )r!o o po'$  )r!o (#%-er'%$r%o' 'e %#$ro!(/"# $em' 3%#e' l Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e pl)(%"%!', '+ "omo  l e-l("%&# !el r%e')o !e e'$o' %#'(mo'.



E# "oor!%#"%&# "o# ($or%!!e'  or)#%'mo' "ompe$e#$e', #"%o#le' e %#$er#"%o#le',

prom(e-e

l

%#-e'$%)"%&#

e# $or#o l

"o#$e#%!o,

me$o!olo)+, e'$r$e)%' !e or)#%/"%&#, "om(#%""%&# !e me#'0e' pr l e!(""%&#, "p"%$"%&#  !%-(l)"%&# $6"#%" e# el 1re !el "o#$rol *(+m%"o e# pro)rm' !e m#e0o %#$e)r!o !e pl)'.

Coisi9n Naciona! de P!a'"icidas 6CONAP7 E' (# &r)#o "o#'(l$%-o  !e 'e'orm%e#$o !el Ser-%"%o N"%o#l !e S#%!! A)rr% 8SENASA9, e# $em' re3er%!o' l Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e lo' Pl)(%"%!' A)r+"ol'. L' 3(#"%o#e' !e l CONAP 'e e#"(e#$r# or%e#$!'  re-%'r, #l%/r,  propo#er l$er#$%-' l re)%'$ro, ('o  m#e0o !e lo' pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' e# el p+'. A'%m%'mo, "o#3ormr, "(#!o 'e e'$%me #e"e'r%o  por $%empo !e3%#%!o, Com%$6' T6"#%"o' e'pe"%l%/!o' *(e l poe# e# el "(mpl%m%e#$o !e '(' ob0e$%-o'.



2.2.+. P!a'"icidas Res(&in'idos > P&o@iidos En E! Pe&? 9 Pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' re'$r%#)%!o'7 Ar'e#%"le' 8'&lo pr 'er ('!o' e# el "(l$%-o !el l)o! . Al!%"rb 8'&lo ('o' re)%'$r!o'9 Pr*($ 8)re)#!o '('$#"% em6$%", "olor, olor9 • • •

b9 Pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' pro4%b%!o'7 Al!r%# E#!r%# D%el!r%# DDT Pr$4%o# me$+l%"o Mo#o"ro$o3o' L%#!#o D%"lor(ro !e e$%le#o • • • • • • •

2.+. AN3LISIS A NI%EL LOCAL El ('o %#!%'"r%m%#!o !e )ro*(+m%"o' #o '&lo "o#$m%# el )( *(e m("4o' pobl!ore' l ('# pr preprr '(' l%me#$o'  rel%/r el 'eo !e '(' ($e#'%l%o' !e "o"%#, pre#!' !e -e'$%r, '%#o *(e $mb%6# 3e"$  lo' )#!o' !e lo' m%'mo' )r%"(l$ore' *(e bebe#  !%r%o el )( *(e b0 !e lo' r%"4(elo', o"'%o##!o bor$o'. Fre#$e  l problem1$%" *(e 'e -%e#e )e#er#!o, el mb%e#$l%'$ Del V%llr, !e'$"& *(e (# !e l' 'ol("%o#e' 'e e#"(e#$r e# lo' )ob%er#o' lo"le'  l' ($or%!!e' "om(#le', *(%e#e' !ebe# b('"r me"#%'mo' pr "o#$rolr el ('o %#!%'"r%m%#!o !e lo' pro!("$o' )ro*(+m%"o'. Pr "o#$rolr el ('o %#!%'"r%m%#!o, 'e !ebe %#"%!%r e# lo' )ob%er#o' lo"le' pr )e#err or!e##/'  e# e'$e rol $mb%6# !ebe %#-ol("r'e el Ser-%"%o N"%o#l !e S#%!! A)rr% 8SENASA9.



E' por ello *(e el I#'$%$($o N"%o#l !e I##o-"%&# A)rr% 8INIA9 !eb%!o  lo' problem' *(e o"'%o# el ('o e5"e'%-o !e )ro*(+m%"o' e# l pro!(""%&# )r+"ol 4 !e'rroll!o "p"%$"%o#e'  m1' !e >== pro!("$ore' !e l Re)%&# :(#"-el%" me!%#$e $llere' rel"%o#!o'  $r#'3ere#"% !e $e"#olo)+ e# el ('o !e"(!o !e 3er$%l%/#$e'. E'$' "$%-%!!e' e'$1# rel"%o#!' "o# el 3or$le"%m%e#$o !e "p"%!!e' *(e 'e br%#!# e# >= "om(#%!!e' !e l' re)%o#e' !e C0mr", A"("4o, :(#"-el%"  P(#o. Pr (# !e"(!o ('o !e 3er$%l%/#$e' e' %mpor$#$e "o#o"er l "l%!! !e '(elo !o#!e 'e %#'$lr1 el "(l$%-o, por lo *(e e' #e"e'r%o rel%/r el #1l%'%' !e '(elo pr 'ber *(6 eleme#$o' $%e#e, "(1le'  "(1#$o 'e re*(%ere %#"orporr. Lo' "%#"o $llere' !e "p"%$"%&# 'e rel%/ro# e# l' "om(#%!!e' "mpe'%#' !e Collorpmp, :(llpmp  S#$ Ro' !e Il !el !%'$r%$o !e P/o', pro-%#"% !e T"0  e# l' "om(#%!!e' !e #""olp  4(%#"("4o !el !%'$r%$o !e :(#!o, pro-%#"% !e :(#"-el%".

2.+.1 Pa)ses M$s Con(ainan(es Lo' more' problem' mb%e#$le' e# lo' )roe"o'%'$em' 'e !ebe# l %#"reme#$o !el ('o !e pl)(%"%!'. E5%'$e (# G"+r"(lo -%"%o'oH !o#!e el mor ('o prop%"% m1' re'%'$e#"%, re'(r)e#"%  pr%"%&# !e #(e-' pl)', b0o e'$' "o#!%"%o#e' lo' %mp"$o' e"o#&m%"o'  mb%e#$le' 'o# lme#$ble'. L "o#$m%#"%&# 'e pro!("e por l perm#e#"% !el pl)(%"%! e# el '(elo, l !%'per'%&# por el %re  l' 1re' -e"%#', '( %#$ro!(""%&#  lo' "(r'o' !e )( 8"e*(%', r+o'  l)(#'9@ me#/#!o '+ l 'l(! !el 'er 4(m#o, lo' #%mle' !om6'$%"o'  '%l-e'$re',  lo' %#'e"$o' pol%#%/!ore'   o$ro' 'ere' be#63%"o'. E#$re lo' p+'e' *(e m1' "o#$m%## el '(elo "o# )ro*(+m%"o' $e#emo'7

. Cos(a &ica, n?e&o "no de! "ndo en "so de a'&o=")icos



D$o' !el orl! Re'o(r"e' I#'$%$($e, or)#%/"%&# "o# 'e!e e# '4%#)$o#, EEUU, !e!%"!  %#-e'$%)r 'obre $em' mb%e#$le', pre'e#$#  e'$e p+' "e#$romer%"#o "omo el mor "o#'(m%!or !e pl)(%"%!' e# el m(#!o, "o# <.> ) por 4e"$1re. E# Am6r%" L$%# le '%)(e#, b'$#$e le0o', Colomb% "o# <. ),  E"(!or "o#  ).

El VI I#3orme E'$!o !e l N"%&# e# De'rrollo :(m#o So'$e#%ble >=<= W '%'$em !e 'e)(%m%e#$o #(l !el !e'empe2o !el p+' e# 'pe"$o' 'o"%le', e"o#&m%"o', mb%e#$le'  pol+$%"o' !el !e'rrolloW re-el& *(e e# el >== Co'$ R%" %mpor$& m1' !e == TM !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "o# brom(ro !e me$%lo, )ro*(+m%"o  "ompo#e#$e 'e2l!o "omo !e'$r("$or !e l "p !e o/o#o. Por '( pr$e, el I#'$%$($o Re)%o#l !e E'$(!%o' e# S('$#"%' T&5%"' 8IRET9, !e l U#%-er'%!! N"%o#l !e Co'$ R%", re-el&  pr%#"%p%o' !el >=<< *(e l "#$%!! !e pl)(%"%!' %mpor$!o' e#$re <  el >== (me#$& e# =. E# $o$l el p+' %mpor$&
. *RASIL El ('o !e 3er$%l%/#$e'  l' em%'%o#e' !e CO> le o$or)# el 'e)(#!o l()r, e# rel"%&#  l "o#$m%#"%&# !el )( e'$1 $mb%6# e# 'e)(#!o l()r. Ter"er p(e'$o e# l 'obre e5plo$"%&# !e l pe'"  "(r$o l()r e# e'pe"%e' me#/!'. Tmb%6# 4 *(e !e'$"r l )r-e !e'3ore'$"%&# !e l Am/o#% (#o !e lo' p(lmo#e' -er!e' !e #(e'$ro pl#e$.

c. ESTADOS UNIDOS A l -#)(r!% e# $e"#olo)+  '%# embr)o e'$1 e# el $er"er p(e'$o e# em%'%o#e' !e CO>  e# el ('o !e 3er$%l%/#$e'. Tmb%6# e'$1 e# (# 'e)(#!o p(e'$o e#



rel"%&#  l "o#$m%#"%&# !el )(  e'pe"%e' e# pel%)ro. Lo' Á#)ele'  Beer'3%el! e# Cl%3or#% re)%'$r# l' $'' m1' l$' e# "o#$m%#"%&# mb%e#$l.

d. C-INA E# e'$e p+' el = !e '(' pl' e'$1# "o#$m%#!'. L "o#$m%#"%&# mb%e#$l e# C4%# e' $l *(e 'e p(e!e "o#$emplr !e'!e el e'p"%o. De 4e"4o l NASA re)%'$r& %m1)e#e' !o#!e 'e p(e!e pre"%r e'$ pol("%&#. C4%# e'$1 $# "(b%er$ por 4(mo' *(e e'$o  3e"$  l pobl"%&# )r-#!o lo' problem' re'p%r$or%o'. L Or)#%/"%&# M(#!%l !e l 'l(! "o#'%!er "ep$ble' (# "o#"e#$r"%&# !e > m%"ro)rmo' "omo #%-el m15%mo !e pol("%&#, '%# embr)o e# l)(#' /o#' !e Pe+# 'e re)%'$rro# 4'$  m%"ro)rmo'.

e. INDONESIA I#!o#e'% e' (#o !e lo' p+'e' m1' "o#$m%##$e' !el m(#!o. L !e'$r(""%&# !e '(' bo'*(e'  $orb($er' e' l pr%#"%pl 3(e#$e !e "o#$m%#"%&#. E# me#o' !e = 2o' 'e 4 lle)!o l = !e !e'3ore'$"%&#. I#!o#e'% em%$e (#' <= $o#el!' !e CO> por per'o#  2o, (# $' '%m%lr  lo' p+'e' E(ropeo'. E#$re el >===  el >== 'e per!%ero# <,< m%llo#e' !e 4e"$1re' !e bo'*(e'.

. INDIA E# "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo  ('o !e 3er$%l%/#$e' l I#!% e'$1 $mb%6# 'e)(#! e# l l%'$. Se);# l OMS e' (# !e l' peore' e# rel"%&#  l "o#$m%#"%&# mb%e#$l.

'. AUSTRALIA



Co#$r%b(e l <, !e em%'%&# )lobl !e )'e' e3e"$o %#-er#!ero. A(#*(e el #%-el e' me#or *(e o$ro' p+'e' "omo R('% o E'$!o' U#%!o' '%)(e '%e#!o (# !e l' pr%#"%ple' p+'e' "o#$m%##$e' !el pl#e$. E# rel"%&#  lo' 3er$%l%/#$e'  l !e'3ore'$"%&# A('$rl% $mb%6# e' (#o !e lo' p+'e' m1' !2!o'.

@. PER El problem !e l "o#$m%#"%&# mb%e#$l e# Per; e' "re"%e#$e, e'pe"%lme#$e e# "%(!!e' "o# l$ "$%-%!! m%#er e %#!('$r%l. Lo' #%-ele' !e plomo e'$1# por e#"%m !e lo' perm%'%ble'. Al$o' #%-ele' !e plomo, mer"(r%o o r'6#%"o por e0emplo 'o# pel%)ro'o'  *(e 'e p(e!e# %r !epo'%$#!o e# '#)re  pro-o"r e#3erme!!e'. El "omer"%o %le)l !e #%mle' e5&$%"o' e' "o#o"%!o e# Per;, !em1' !e l 'obrepe'"  e'pe"%e' e# -+' !e e5$%#"%&#. U'o !e )ro*(+m%"o' 'e %#"reme#$r1 (#  e# Am6r%" L$%#. Lo' pro!("$o' *(+m%"o' '%#$6$%"o' 'e e'$1# "o#-%r$%e#!o e# lo' pr%#"%ple' "ompo#e#$e' !e lo' 3l(0o' !e re'%!(o'  l "o#$m%#"%&# e# $o!o el m(#!o.



CAPITULO III: NORMAS CONTRA EL USO DE A;RO
2. Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB 208+A; 610..8+9, Cre"%&# !e l Com%'%&# N"%o#l !e Pl)(%"%!' 8CONAP9 "o# "r1"$er perm#e#$e, %#$e)r! por (# repre'e#$#$e !e l' '%)(%e#$e' %#'$%$("%o#e'7 So"%e!! E#$omol&)%" !el Per; 8SEP9, D%re""%&# e#erl !e Sl(! Amb%e#$l 8DIESA9 !el M%#%'$er%o !e Sl(!, Com%$6 !e Impor$!ore', Fbr%"#$e'  Repre'e#$#$e' !e Pl)(%"%!' !e l C1mr !e Comer"%o !e L%m 8COPLACAM9, I#'$%$($o N"%o#l !e Re"(r'o' N$(rle' 8INRENA9  U#%-er'%!! Per(#.

+. Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB +28+A; 6+.12.8+7, Apr(eb el Re)lme#$o !e Or)#%/"%&#  F(#"%o#e' !e l CONAP.

/. Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB /480A; 64.2.809, Ampl% l %#$e)r"%&# !e l CONAP "o# l %#"orpor"%&# !el I#'$%$($o N"%o#l !e Pro$e""%&# !el Me!%o Amb%e#$e pr l Sl(! 8INAPMAS9.



0. Dec&e(o S"&eo NB 1080A; 61..807, Apr(eb el Re)lme#$o 'obre el Re)%'$ro, Comer"%l%/"%&#  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' A)r+"ol'  S('$#"%' A3%#e'. A"$(lme#$e '&lo pl%"ble pr el re)%'$ro !e pro!("$o' b%ol&)%"o' 3orm(l!o'.

. Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB 248A; 6+1.+.87, Mo!%3%" -r%o' r$+"(lo' !el Re)lme#$o 'obre el Re)%'$ro, Comer"%l%/"%&#  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' A)r+"ol'  S('$#"%' A3%#e'.

. Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! re'$r%"$%-'

NB 18A;SENASA 62.11.87, Me!%!'

pr Al!%"rb 8'&lo

('o'

re)%'$r!o'9, Pr*($ 8)re)#!o

'('$#"% em6$%", "olor, olor9, L%#!#o 8'&lo pr 'er ('!o e# el "o#$rol !e or)o0o !e lo' #!e', or)o0o !e l "4(p!er  )('#o' !e $%err e# lo' "(l$%-o' !e pp  l)o! , Pr$4%o# E$+l%"o  Pr$4%o# Me$+l%"o 8#o re#o-r re)%'$ro' !e Co#"e#$r!o' em(l'%o#ble', m#$e#er re)%'$ro' !e pol-o' 'e"o' "( "o#"e#$r"%&# #o '(pere el >., perm%$%r el re)%'$ro !e m%"roe#"p'(l!o'@ perm%$%6#!o'e pro-%'%o#lme#$e el empleo !e e'$o' pro!("$o' e# lo' "(l$%-o' !e l)o!o#ero, "("(rb%$1"e', 3r+0ol, m+/  pp9. Se !%'po#e "o#$%#(r el pro"e'o !e e-l("%&# !e r%e')o e# "o#!%"%o#e' lo"le'.

4. Le NB 2// 614.1.87, Le !e Promo"%&# !el M#e0o I#$e)r!o pr el Co#$rol !e Pl)'.

8. Decisi9n /+ de !a Co"nidad Andina 61..18847, Norm A#!%# pr el Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.

1.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 1+184A;SENASA 618.11.847, Pro4%b%"%&# !e Pr$4%o# E$+l%"o 8'&lo e# "'o' !e #e"e'%!! e# l )r%"(l$(r  b0o e-l("%&# r%e')o X be#e3%"%o e3e"$(!o por CONAP, po!r+ 4ber'e perm%$%!o 3orm(l"%&# m%"roe#"p'(l!. Se-er re'$r%""%&# !e Pr$4%o# Me$+l%"o 8'&lo e# pol-o 'e"o >.  m%"roe#"p'(l!o '(0e$o'  e-l("%&# r%e')o X be#e3%"%o !e CONAP. Se %#"l(e e# e$%*(e$ 3r'e' !e !-er$e#"%.



11. Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 288A;SENASA 60.+.889, Pro4%b%"%&# !e re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o' !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le' !e Mo#o"ro$o3o' !e == )Xl  re'$r%""%&# !e l' 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le' !e Mo#o"ro$o3o' !e == )Xl 'olo pr '( ('o e# el "o#$rol !e Spo!op$er 3r()%per! e# m+/.

12.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 2488A;SENASA 60.+.887, Re'$r%""%&# !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le' !e Me(aidoos e# "o#"e#$r"%o#e' !e 4'$ == )Xl 8('o !e !%'ol-e#$e' e$%le#)l%"ol Xo !%e$%le#)l%"ol, e#-'e' !e COE o pol%e$%le#o !e l$ !e#'%!! e %#"l('%&# !e (# 3olle$o !e ('o  m#e0o 'e)(ro9.

1+.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB +88A;SENASA 6+./.887, Pro4%b%"%&# !e re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, !%'$r%b("%&#  "omer"%l%/"%&# !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le' !e Cp$3ol, Clorobe#"%l$o, :e5"lorobe#"e#o, Pe#$"loro3e#ol,

Clor!#o,

Clor!%me3orm,

D%brom(ro

!e

E$%le#o,  Comp(e'$o' !e Mer"(r%o, '+ "omo !e lo' !er%-!o'  "omp(e'$o' *(e "o# ello' 'e p(!%er# 3orm(lr.

1/.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB //88A;SENASA 68./.887, Apr(eb el pro)rm %#3orm1$%"o S%'$em !e I#3orm"%&# !e Pl)(%"%!' A)r+"ol'  SISPLA.

10.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! No. 888A;SENASA 6+.4.887, Pro4%b%"%&# !el re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, !%'$r%b("%&#, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o' !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le' !e Fo'3m%!&#.

1.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! No. 8488A;SENASA 6+.4.887, Pro4%b%"%&# !el re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, !%'$r%b("%&#, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o' !e

3orm(l"%o#e'

"omer"%le'

!e

D%#o'eb,

Sle'

!e

D%#o'eb  Fl(oro"e$m%!. A'%m%'mo, %#"l(e l' me!%!' pl%"ble'  lo' m$er%le' $6"#%"o' !e e'$o' pl)(%"%!'   lo' !e l Re'ol("%&# Je3$(rl NY =ASENASA.



1.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 1/2A;SENASA 624.1.27, Pro4%b%"%&# !e re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le'  m$er%l $6"#%"o !e pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' "o# b'e e# B%#p"r%l.

14.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB /+2A;SENASA 61.+.27, Pro4%b%"%&# !el re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, !%'$r%b("%&#, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le'  m$er%l $6"#%"o !e pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' "o# b'e e# L%#!#o.

18.Dec&e(o S"&eo NB /2A; 62/.+.27, Pro4%b%"%&# !e pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol, '('$#"%' 3%#e', pro!("$o'  )e#$e' b%ol&)%"o' e# pl#$"%o#e' !e "o".

2.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 2A;SENASA 61./.27, Pro4%b%"%&# !e re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le'  m$er%l $6"#%"o !e pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' "o# b'e e# M%re5.

21.Dec&e(o S"&eo NB 42A; 62+./.27, Re)lme#$o !e l Le !e Promo"%&# !el M#e0o I#$e)r!o pr el Co#$rol !e Pl)'.

22. Dec&e(o S"&eo NB 12A; 64.0.27, Re)lme#$o pr el Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.

2+.Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB /2A; 61..27, Mo!%3%"$or% !el Re)lme#$o pr el Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.

2/.Le NB 2+22 62+..27, Le Mr"o !e S#%!! A)rr%. 20.Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB +82A; 61.8.27, Mo!%3%"$or% !el r$+"(lo K? !el Re)lme#$o pr el Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.



2.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 1422A;SENASA 61+.1.27, Pro4%b%"%&# !el re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, !%'$r%b("%&#, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o !e Pr$4%o# E$+l%"o, Pr$4%o# Me$+l%"o  D%#%$ro Or$o Cre'ol 8DNOC9.

2.Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB /++21A; 618.0.217, (+ pr el U'(r%o7 Elbor"%&# !el E'$(!%o !e R%e')o Amb%e#$l pr el Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.

24.Dec&e(o S"&eo NB /421A; 628..217, Apr(eb el Re)lme#$o e#erl !e l Le Mr"o !e S#%!! A)rr%.

28.Reso!"ci9n Minis(e&ia! NB 12121A; 614.11.217, Mo!%3%"$or% !e lo' r$+"(lo' Y, <Y, >Y, >Y, Y, <<>Y, Se)(#!  Se5$ D%'po'%"%&# Tr#'%$or%  A#e5o > e %#"orpor"%&# !e l S6p$%m D%'po'%"%&# Tr#'%$or%, -r%' !e3%#%"%o#e' l A#e5o <, !e  !el A#e5o < !el Re)lme#$o pr el Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.

+.Dec&e(o S"&eo NB 0+21A; 621.11.217, Mo!%3%"$or% !el Re)lme#$o !e l Le !e Promo"%&# !el M#e0o I#$e)r!o pr el Co#$rol !e Pl)'.

+1.Reso!"ci9n Di&ec(o&a! NB +121A;SENASAD;S% 62/.12.217, Apr(eb el "ro#o)rm !e pre'e#$"%&# !e 'ol%"%$(!e' pr el Re)%'$ro N"%o#l !e pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol re)%'$r!o' l mpro !el D.S. NY <A.

+2.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB +822A;SENASA 622.2.227, Apr(eb lo' re*(%'%$o' pr el Re)%'$ro !e U'o !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol por pr$e !e lo' A)r%"(l$ore'  Impor$!ore'  U'(r%o'.

++.Reso!. Di&ec(o&a! NB 4/2A;SENASAD;S% 61.0.227, Apr(eb el M#(l !e Pro"e!%m%e#$o' pr el Re)%'$ro !e A)r%"(l$ore'  Impor$!ore' U'(r%o', Re)%'$ro !e U'o  A($or%/"%&# !e Impor$"%&# !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.



+/.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 11822A;SENASA 62..22, E'$ble"e !%'po'%"%o#e' pl%"ble'  l %mpor$"%&# !e Brom(ro !e me$%lo, *(e 'er1 !e'$%#!o  $r$m%e#$o' "(re#$e#r%o' !e pro!("$o' )r+"ol' pr '( e5por$"%&#.

+0. Reso!"ci9n + de !a Sec&e(a&)a ;ene&a! de !a Co"nidad Andina 62..227, M#(l T6"#%"o A#!%#o pr el Re)%'$ro  Co#$rol !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.

+.Reso!"ci9n Di&ec(o&a! NB ++22+A;SENASAD;S% 61.1.2+7, Prorro) l 3e"4 !e -e#"%m%e#$o !e lo' re)%'$ro' !e pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol 4'$ "o#"l(%r el pro"e'o !e $rm%$e re'pe"$%-o.

+.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 02/A;SENASA 6/.+.2/7, Pro4%b%"%&# !el re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, !%'$r%b("%&#  "omer"%l%/"%&# !e pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' "o# b'e e# lo' %#)re!%e#$e' Ó5%!o !e e$%le#o, D%"lor(ro !e e$%le#o  Mo#o"ro$o3o', '+ "omo !e lo' !er%-!o'  "omp(e'$o' *(e "o# ello' 'e p(!%er# 3orm(lr, !e %)(l m#er pr  m$er% $6"#%" !e e'o' pl)(%"%!'.

+4.Le NB 2421, 61.0.2/7, Le pr Re3or/r l' A""%o#e' !e Co#$rol Po'$ Re)%'$ro !e Pl)(%"%!' Q(+m%"o' !e U'o A)r+"ol.

+8. Reso!"ci9n

ea("&a!

NB

1+22/A;SENASA:

de!

..2/:

Mo!%3%""%&# !e R.J. NY =>==ASENASA, pro4%b%e#!o el re)%'$ro, %mpor$"%&#, 3orm(l"%&# lo"l, !%'$r%b("%&#, "omer"%l%/"%&#  ('o !e 3orm(l"%o#e' "omer"%le' !e pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' "o# b'e e# lo' %#)re!%e#$e'

"$%-o'

Ó5%!o

!e

e$%le#o,

D%"lor(ro

!e

e$%le#o  Mo#o"ro$o3o'@ '%m%'mo, 'e !%'po#e pro4%b%r l %mpor$"%&#, !%'$r%b("%&#  "omer"%l%/"%&# !e l m$er% $6"#%" 8%#)re!%e#$e "$%-o )r!o $6"#%"o9 !e e'$o' pro!("$o' *(e '%r-# pr 3orm(lr pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol'.



/.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 1+/2/A;SENASA: de! ..2/: A($or%/# !%'po'%"%&# 3%#l !e blo#e' !e Brom(ro !e me$%lo !e"om%'!o' por el SENASA.

/1.Reso!"ci9n Le'is!a(i#a NB 24/1: de! 11.12.2/: Apr(eb el Co#-e#%o !e R&$$er!m pr l pl%""%&# !el Pro"e!%m%e#$o !e Co#'e#$%m%e#$o F(#!me#$!o Pre-%o pl%"ble  "%er$o' pl)(%"%!'  pro!("$o' *(+m%"o' pel%)ro'o' ob0e$o !e "omer"%o %#$er#"%o#l.

/2.Dec&e(o S"&eo NB 1/20A;: !el <=..>==7 F"(l$# l SENASA  e5pe!%r A($or%/"%o#e' !e %mpor$"%&# !e pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' 3orm(l!o' e# b'e  Brom(ro !e me$%lo  empre'' 3(m%)!or'.

/+.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 120A;SENASA: !el >>.=.>==7 Apr(eb# el M#(l !e Pro"e!%m%e#$o' pl%"ble  l $rm%$"%&# !e 'ol%"%$(!e' !e re)%'$ro !e pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol.

//.Dec&e(o S"&eo NB 0420RE: de! 12.4.20: R$%3%"# el Co#-e#%o !e R&$$er!m pr l pl%""%&# !el Pro"e!%m%e#$o !e Co#'e#$%m%e#$o F(#!me#$!o Pre-%o pl%"ble  "%er$o' pl)(%"%!'  pro!("$o' *(+m%"o' pel%)ro'o' ob0e$o !e "omer"%o %#$er#"%o#l.

/0.Dec&e(o S"&eo NB 20RE: de! 12.4.20: R$%3%"# el Co#-e#%o !e E'$o"olmo 'obre Co#$m%##$e' Or)1#%"o' Per'%'$e#$e'.

/.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 10020A;SENASA: !el ==7 R$%3%" pr&rro) !e -%)e#"% !e re)%'$ro' !e pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol, e'$ble"%! e# l R.D. NY >>==ASENASADSV.

/.Reso!"ci9n Di&ec(o&a! NB /2220A;SENASAD;S%: !el <.<=.>==7 S('pe#'%&# !el "ro#o)rm !e pre'e#$"%&# !e 'ol%"%$(!e' !el #(e-o Re)%'$ro N"%o#l !e lo' pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol, 4'$ #o-%embre !e >==.



/4.Reso!"ci9n ea("&a! NB 2020A;SENASA: !el <>.=<.>==7 E'$ble"e pro"e!%m%e#$o pr l em%'%&# !e Co#'$#"% !e Pl)(%"%!' !e U'o A)r+"ol "o# 3%#e' e5"l('%-o' !e e5por$"%&#.

/8.Reso!"ci9n Di&ec(o&a! NB 1112A;SENASADIAIA: !el >.<<.>==7 Apr(eb el M#(l !e Pro"e!%m%e#$o' pr el re)%'$ro #"%o#l !e pl)(%"%!' *(+m%"o' !e ('o )r+"ol %)(le'  (#o re)%'$r!o .

0.Reso!"ci9n Di&ec(o&a! NB 2112A;SENASADIAIA7 !el K.>.>==, Apr(eb Pro"e!%m%e#$o pr l :omolo)"%&# !e "(l$%-o' !e lo' pl)(%"%!' )r+"ol' re)%'$r!o' e# el SENASA.



CONCLUSIONES 

El 4ombre e' (#o !e lo' pr%#"%ple' "('#$e' !e l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo por )ro*(+m%"o',  *(e prop%"% lo' !e''$re' o"(rr%!o' e# l $%err por $%rr b'(r e# l()re' p;bl%"o', l ('r '('$#"%' $o5%"' "omo 'o# lo' %#'e"$%"%!', pl)(%"%!', 4erb%"%!', pr el ('o !e l )r%"(l$(r l !e'e"4r lo' b%"4o'.



L !e'$r(""%&#  el !e$er%oro !el '(elo 'o# m( 3re"(e#$e' e# l' "%(!!e'  '(' lre!e!ore', pero 'e pre'e#$# e# "(l*(%er pr$e !o#!e 'e rro0e b'(r o '('$#"%' "o#$m%##$e'  lo' '(elo' m%'mo'.



Tomr "o#"%e#"% 'obre e'$ problem1$%"  *(e %mpl%" e#3erme!!e' *(e p(e!# "('r l m(er$e l "omer 3r($' l$er!' "o# l' '('$#"%' $o5%"'.



A #%-el m(#!%l, el ('o !e )ro*(+m%"o' "o#$%#;# '%e#!o (# )r-e problem e# #(mero'o' p+'e', 'obre $o!o !e Am6r%" L$%#, A'%  E(rop or%e#$l. A(#*(e #o 4 re'p(e'$' #% re"ome#!"%o#e' 31"%le' pr '(perr el problem, 6'$e e' !e $l %mpor$#"% pr l 'l(! p;bl%"  el me!%o mb%e#$e   $%e#e $# )r#!e' "o'$o' e"o#&m%"o' e5 '%$(  *(e l FAO !ebe elborr (#



pl# !e ""%&# e'pe"+3%"o 'obre l ($%l%/"%&# !e lo' pl)(%"%!'. D%"4o pl# !e ""%&# br"r1 l e-l("%&#, e!(""%&#, !emo'$r"%&#, '('$%$("%&# *(+m%", lm"e#m%e#$o  !e'$r(""%&#. 

E# el Per;, #o 'e "o#o"e "o# pre"%'%&# el #%-el !e "o#$m%#"%&# por '('$#"%' )ro*(+m%"', *(e p(e!# e'$r pre'e#$e' e# el mb%e#$e  "(' !e l "o#$m%#"%&# %#!('$r%l, )r+"ol  !om6'$%", !!o *(e 'o# m( -r%!'  pro-%e#e# !e !%'$%#$' 3(e#$e', $#$o p(#$(le' "omo !%3(''. S%# !e'"(%!r el "o#$rol !e me$le'  '('$#"%' %#or)1#%"' $&5%"', e' #e"e'r%o promo-er $#$o (# mor !em#! !e e'$e $%po !e #1l%'%',   l -e/ (# mor !e'rrollo !e l "p"%!! !e #1l%'%' !e "omp(e'$o' or)1#%"o'. El "o#o"%m%e#$o pre"%'o !e ello' (!r1  !e$erm%#r l' "('' pre"%'' !e l "o#$m%#"%&#, *(6 problem' 'e e'$1# pre'e#$#!o  *(6 "omp(e'$o' 4br1 *(e -%)%lr pr el "o#$rol !e l "o#$m%#"%&#  l pl%""%&# !e me!%!' "orre"$%-' #e"e'r%', pr l pre'er-"%&# !e lo' re"(r'o' #$(rle' !el p+'  !e #(e'$ro mb%e#$e. E# el !epr$me#$o !e :(#"-el%", lo' pr%#"%ple' problem' mb%e#$le' !e l "%(!! !e :(#"-el%" 'o#7 L ero'%&# !e l' $%err' !e "(l$%-o  l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo por el ('o !e )ro*(+m%"o'.



RECOMENDACIONES 

P&oo#e& e! "so de ioe&(i!iGan(es: pr (me#$r el re#!%m%e#$o )r+"ol, l mor+ !e lo' )r%"(l$ore' empe/ro#  ($%l%/r 3er$%l%/#$e' *(+m%"o'. Lo' )r%"(l$ore' !eber+# 'er le#$!o'  %#%"%r el ('o !e 3er$%l%/#$e' b%ol&)%"o'  *(e lo' m%"roor)#%'mo' e# e'$o' 3er$%l%/#$e' (!# l (me#$o !e l 3er$%l%!! !el '(elo.



P&oo#e& e! "so de ioes(icidas  "n'icidas: pr e-%$r l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo, e' %mpor$#$e, *(e 0(#$o "o# lo' 3er$%l%/#$e', lo' )r%"(l$ore' ($%l%"e# b%ope'$%"%!'  3(#)%"%!', $mb%6# "o#o"%!o' "omo



4erb%"%!'. E'$o' pro!("$o' $%e#e# (# po"o m1' !e $%empo pr re""%o#r, pero #o $%e#e# e3e"$o !-er'o 'obre el '(elo. 

Recic!a& &esid"os:  pe'r !e l )r# "#$%!! !e prop)#! *(e 'e 4 lle-!o  "bo 'obre el re"%"l0e !e re'%!(o', #o 'e 4# $om!o m("4' me!%!' 'obre el m%'mo. S% "! 3m%l% 'e e#"r)r !e re"%"lr lo' re'%!(o', l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo "('! por lo' -er$e!ero' 'e re!("%r1 "o#'%!erbleme#$e.



Re"(i!iGa&: el pl1'$%"o e' (# !e l' pr%#"%ple' "('' !e l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo,  *(e $om (# $%empo m( lr)o pr !e'%#$e)rr'e. Por lo $#$o, !ebe' "o#'%!err el "mb%o  lo' e#-'e' re($%l%/ble', "omo bol'' !e l)o!&#, -%!r%o, e$". A(#*(e el ppel 'e !e'%#$e)r m1' r1p%!o, (# mo#$&# !e 1rbole' 'o# $l!o' pr l pro!(""%&# !e bol'' !e ppel. Por lo $#$o, lo me0or e' op$r por bol'' !e $el. Del m%'mo mo!o, e# l()r !e ($%l%/r ppel e# l "o"%#, e$", op$ por ('r 'er-%lle$' !e $el, p2(elo' !e $el, e$".



O(a& o& &od"c(os o&'$nicos: #o 4 !(! !e *(e lo' pro!("$o' or)1#%"o' 'o# "ro' e# "ompr"%&# "o# lo' pro!("$o' *(+m%"o'. Pero l ele""%&# !e lo' pro!("$o' e"ol&)%"o' 3ome#$r1# (# pro!(""%&# m1' or)1#%". E'$o $e (!r1 e# l pre-e#"%&# !e l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo.



A"da& a &e#eni& !a deo&es(aci9n. Pr e-%$r l "o#$m%#"%&# !el '(elo, l' me!%!' !e !e3ore'$"%&# 'e !ebe# lle-r  "bo  (# r%$mo r1p%!o. Pl#$ 1rbole'. L ero'%&# !el '(elo e' "('! "(#!o #o 4 1rbole' pr e-%$r *(e l "p '(per%or !el '(elo 'e $r#'por$! por !%3ere#$e' )e#$e' !e l #$(rle/, "omo el )(  el %re.



ANEHOS Fi'"&a N 1



Fi'"&a N 2

Fi'"&a N +



Fi'"&a N /

Fi'"&a N 0



Fi'"&a N 

Fi'"&a N 

Contaminación-del-Suelo-por-Agroquímicos.docx

Recommend Documents