CONSUMERISM AS REFLECTED IN REBECCA BLOOMWOOD CHARACTER BASED ON “CONFESSIONS OF A SHOPAHOLIC” MOVIE BY P.J HOGAN

CONSUMERISM AS REFLECTED IN REBECCA BLOOMWOOD CHARACTER  BASED ON “CONFESSIONS OF A SHOPAHOLIC” MOVIE BY P.J HOGAN

A THESIS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for  Strata-1 Degree Majoring American Studies in English Department Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University

Submitted by: RR. SHITA PERMATA DEWI A2B007095

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2011

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PRONOUNCEMENT

The writer honestly confirms that she complies thesis by herself and without taking any result from other researchers in Strata-1 and diploma degree of  any university. The writer also ascertains that she does not quote any material from from othe otherr publ public icat atio ions ns or some someon one’ e’ss pape paperr exce except pt from from the the refe refere renc nces es mentioned.

Semarang, August 2011

Rr. Shita Permata

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APPROVAL

Aprroved by: Advisor,

Arido Laksono, S.S, M.Hum  NIP. 19750711 199903 1 002 00 2

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VALIDATION

This thesis has been approved to be examined in front of the board of examiners Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University

Date: September 13, 2011

Chair Person

Dra. Dewi Murni, M. A.  NIP. 19491207 197603 2 001 00 1

First Member

Second Member  

Arido Laksono, S.S., M.Hum

Sukarni Suryaningsih, S.S., M.Hum

 NIP. 19750711 199903 1 002 0 02

NIP. 19721223 199802 2 001

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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

All men seek one goal: success or happiness. (Aristotle)

Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. (George Bernard Shaw)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank to Allah SWT the Almighty, for all the graces and blessings so that the writer can finish her thesis entitled “Consume “Consumerism rism as Reflecte Reflected d in Rebecca Bloomwood Character Based on Confessions of a Shopaholic Movie by P.J Hogan”.

Difficulties have been accompanying the writer in completing this thesis. Therefore, the writer realized her success cannot be separated from the other’s support. So, the writer would like to thank: 1. Dr. Ratna Asmarani, M. Ed., M. Hum, as the head of English Department in Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University. 2. Sukarni Suryaningsih, S.S, M. Hum, as the chairman of American Studies English Department in Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University. 3. Arido Laksono, S.S, M.Hum, as thesis advisor who has given guidance, helpful grammar corrections and back-up references. 4. Drs. Siswo Harsono, the writer’s academic consultant. 5. All the lecturers and staff in English Department Humanities Faculty Diponegoro University. 6. Beloved Mom and Dad, Tuti Suheryani, S.H. and Ir. R. Agung Seno Murti who always provide everything the writer needs. 7. Rr. Laila Kusuma Dewi as her only sister.

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8. All of the Happy House Family, who have accompanied the writer for the last four years. 9. Nanda Marita, Soraya Hetami, Widyawati, Widyawati, Almira Ayu, Nurul Adhalina, Cresti Eka, Dini Hajarahmah, Evi Lusanti, for the friendship. 10. All friends in English Department class 2007. 11. For all people who are very helpful for completing the thesis. May God Almighty give them all the best and success.

Semarang, August 2011

The Writer 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE...................................... TITLE............................................................. .............................................. .............................................. ....................................i .............i DECLARATION ............................................. .................................................................... ....................................................... ................................ii ii MOTTO AND DEDICATION.................................. DEDICATION......................................................... .............................................iii ......................iii APPROVAL................................ APPROVAL....................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ..............................iv .......iv VALIDATION.................................. VALIDATION......................................................... .............................................. ................................................v .........................v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................. CONTENTS......................................................... .............................................. ..............................vii .......vii ABSTRACT.............................. ABSTRACT...................................................... ............................................... .......................................................x ................................x CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION.................................. INTRODUCTION........... ............................................................. ........................................1 ..1 1.1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY ................................................1 1.2. AIMS AI MS OF THE STUDY................................................ STUDY...........................................................3 ...........3 1.3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY........................................................ STUDY........................................................ 4 1.4. METHOD OF THE STUDY...................................................4 1.5. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY......................................5

CHAPTER 2 SYNOPSIS OF CONFESSION CONFESSION OF A SHOPAHOLIC....................7 SHOPAHOLIC....................7 CHAPTER 3 LITERARY REVIEW........................................................... REVIEW...........................................................…….11 …….11 3.1 INTRINSIC I NTRINSIC ASPECTS.......................................... ASPECTS......................................................... ...............…11 …11 3.1.1 Narrative Elements.......................................................…11

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3.1.1.1 Theme.......................................... Theme...............................................................…11 .....................…11 3.1.1.2 Characters............................. Characters.........................................................…11 ............................…11 3.1.1.3 Setting..............................................................…12 3.1.1.4 Conflict............................ Conflict................................................... .................................…13 ..........…13 3.1.2 Cinematic Elements................................................... Elements......................................................…14 ...…14 3.1.2.1 Cinematography................................................…14 3.1.2.1.1 Shot...................................................…15 3.1.2.1.2 Angle.................................................…18 3.1.2.2 Sound................................................. Sound..................................................................…20 .................…20 3.1.2.2.1 Dialog.................................................…20 3.1.2.2.2 Music..................... Mu sic......................................................20 .................................20 3.2 EXTRINSIC ASPECTS............................................................21 ASPECTS............................................................21 3.2.1. Industrial Revolution.......................................................22 3.2.2. Consumerism........................... Consumerism.................................................. ........................................23 .................23 CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS...................................... ANALYSIS............................................................. ..............................................26 .......................26 4.1 Theme............................................ Theme................................................................... ............................................26 .....................26 4.2 Characters............................... Characters...................................................... ...................................................27 ............................27 4.3 Setting.......................................................................................34 4.4 Consumerism in Rebecca Bloomwood Character.....................39 4.4.1 Characteristic of Consumerism........................................39 4.4.2 The Conflict as the Result of Being Consumptive as Reflected in Rebecca Bloomwood.................................43 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSSION................................ CONCLUSSION....................................................... ............................................50 .....................50

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT

Women usually love shopping. Uncontrolled shopping habit can bring them them in cons consum umer eris ism m worl world. d. Th This is thes thesis is tell tellss abou aboutt the the effe effect ct of bein being g a consumptive consumptive person which is shown in Confessions of a Shopaholic movie by P.J Hogan. The purpose of this thesis is to learn about the characteristic of being consumptive and its effects. In writing this thesis, the writer applies library research, which is done by reading books, articles, or any written and visual sources related to the topic. Meanwhile, in answering the questions the writer uses exponential approach to analyze the intrinsic aspect. Sociological approach is also used to analyze the consumerism of Rebecca Bloomwood through the employment of consumerism theory by Jean Baudrillard. The result shows that Rebecca Bloomwood finally stops her habit of being shopaholic because she is stalked by a debt collector and the people around do not trust her. Finally she sells everything she has to pay her debt and convinces everybody that she has changed and become a better person.

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Today, million of lips have spoken the world globalization. They accept globalization as a process to enter the world. In the book Globalization: A Critic  Introductions, tells that globalization can be linked to process reterritorialization.

It make makess terr territ itor oria iall geog geogra raph phy y is not not a reas reason on to make make the the exis existe tenc ncee of  globalization difficult (Aart Scholte, 2000:41-43). As a gate to enter the world, globalization makes everyone know what happ happen enss in the the worl world. d. In Mari Mario o Saén Saénz’ z’s, s,  Latin American Perspectives Perspectives on Globalization, explains that

United States as a superpower nation made globalization possible to influence people who are located at distance from each other. Gossip has gone globally. The world is becoming a sphare because we now know what is happening everywhere at all times, or at least we can find that out easily. (2002:126) The existenc existencee of globali globalizati zation on makes makes world world become become closer. closer. The other  other  states easily know what just happen in the United States. Issues and gossip spread very quickly and easily (Saénz, 2002:126).

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When When globa globali lizat zation ion makes makes dista distanc ncee seem seem to disap disappea pear, r, it bring bringss the  production to increase. The producers p roducers now could promote and send their product to another nation. … coca-cola, and other cultural products of the industrialized world, and particularly the current dominant economic power, that is, the United States, are quickly replacing local cultural products. (Saénz, 2002:126) From the quotation above, it can be concluded when the production of  coca-cola and other products increases, a number of consumers consumers increase, it means consumerism consumerism happens. Moreover, it also suppresses cultural products replaced by Coca-Cola itself. United States of America as the superpower state is the example of the industrial economic sector which shows the presence of mass export and influences other nations in the world to consume what they produce (Saénz, 2002:126). Furthermore, Furthermore, Haryanto Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko in Saya Berbelanja Maka Saya Ada, tells that consumerism happens because of the consumption. If consumption is an act, consumerism is the way of life. It can be understood as a widespread tendency at a certain time (2008:29). David J Rachman in the book  Business explains that consumerism consumerism  Business Today explains consists of two parts; the first past consists of the producers of goods and services business and the second part is made up of consumers who use the goods and services. In America, global market which is directly linked with consumerism  becomes a potential field to increase the economic. econo mic. “The remaining 94% represent a huge potential market for American  business. Moreover, because b ecause of o f the standard of living in the rest of the world has been rising steadily, these billions of people are able to buy

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more American goods because they now have more money to spent”. (Rachman, 1979:292-293) That big number of percentage shows that America is big production which sells many goods and service. That number also describes the consumer  that is able to buy the goods. It means that America has a good segment of  consumer who wants to buy the product. They can also affect the other nations to  buy through export expo rt way (1979:292-293). (1979:292-293) . Because of the percentage of American standard living above, the writer is interested in exploring about consumerism in America. A film by P.J Hogan , Confessions of a Shopaholic shows the consumerism in the United States as a

result of the uncontrolled shopping attitude. This film describes why women still love shopping though they have many debts.

1.2 AIMS OF THE STUDY

Because of the existence of the consumerism in the U.S is increasing, the writ writer er would would like like to explai explain n about about consum consumer erism ism throu through gh “Confes Confessio sions ns of a Shopaholic” on the life of shopping. It also tells us something different about

consumerism consumerism and also shows the popular culture in the U.S that can bring effects of being consumptive. The aims of the study are to know the characteristic of consumerism and to find the effects of being consumptive based on “Confessions of a Shopaholic” film by P.J Hogan.

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1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

There are many things that can be talked about consumerism in the U.S  based on “ Confession of a Shopaholic ” movie, both intrinsic and extrinsic aspects. However, it is impossible to write it all in the thesis. Therefore, the writer would like to explore about: 1. The characteristic of consumerism, and 2. The effects of being consumptive based on “Confession of a Shopaholic” film by P.J Hogan.

1.4 METHOD OF THE STUDY

1.4.1 METHOD OF RESEARCH The writer uses library research to explore and analyze the material object. It means that the writer takes the data and references though library or  reads several supporting books and also other searches as additions from the media technology. 1.4.2 METHOD OF APPROACH Related to the scope of the thesis, the writer uses two methods; exponential approach and sociological approach. Piaget in Harsono explains that exponential approach is focuses on some intrinsic aspects of literary work. The analysis of the structural approach will examine about theme, charac characte terr and plot, plot, not all all intr intrins insic ic aspec aspects ts (Har (Harson sono, o, 199 1999: 9:48) 48).. “We designate this method as the exponential approach because the inclusiveness of the term suggest at once the several meanings of motif, image, symbol, and 

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(Gverin, 1992:197 1992:197). ). Exponen Exponentia tiall approach approach describ describes es implic implicit it archetype” (Gverin, meanings in a play or film which is represented by the motifs, symbols, images and basic patterns. The reader or the audience should re-create in their  imagination to communicate the work. The writer writer also uses sociolog sociological ical approach approach to discuss discuss extrinsi extrinsicc elements. Sociological approach considers literature that has relationship with society, tells about social status, education, production and consumption, consumption, and other social problems in the society. “Literature is not only the effect of   social causes but also the cause cause of social effect”. It indicates that sociological

approa approach ch influ influenc ences es the the direc directi tion on of recip reciproc rocal al rela relati tions onshi hip p betwe between en socio sociolo logy gy and liter literat ature ure.. Both Both influ influenc encee each each other other in cert certain ain respe respect ctss (Elizabeth and Burns, Sociology of Literature and Drama , 1973:31).

1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

On this writing, the writer uses the systematical writing as mentioned below: CHAPTER I

: INTRODUCTION This chapter consists of background of the study, aims of  the study, scope of the study, method of the study, and organization of the study.

CHAPTER II

: SYNOPSIS

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This chapter contains the synopsis of “Confession of a Shopaholic” movie by P.J Hogan. CHAPTER III

: LITERARY REVIEW This chapter consists of the theoretical review that the writer uses to support the analysis, including intrinsic and extrinsic aspects.

CHAPTER IV

: DISCUSSION This his is the the main ain part part of the the thes thesis is.. It cont contai ains ns the the discussion of the topic including intrinsic and extrinsic aspects.

CHAPTER V

: CONCLUSION This Th is is the the last last chap chapte terr of the the thes thesis is.. It cont contai ains ns the the conclusion of the whole discussion.

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CHAPTER II SYNOPSIS OF “CONFESSION OF A SHOPAHOLIC”

The story begin when little Rebecca Bloomwood Bloomwood accompanies her mother  to go shopping. shopping. She is looking at beautiful shoes and talking about how they have two kinds of price: real prices, which buys wonderful things and prices according according to her mother expectation, which bought things that would last forever. Then she saw girls who bought everything that she wants with one magic card, credit card. She doesn’t need much money to pay, just to pay with one card, and makes her  want it one.

Rebecca moves to New York, and when she is walking in the street, she says that a little dream she wanted one day here at twelve. She doesn’t need any  boyfriend. What she needs is just credit card, which can help her to buy everything that she wants, especially for the branded things.

Rebecca works at Gardening magazine as a writer. She lives with her  friend, Suze. Rebecca has wardrobe with full of clothes, shoes, and accessories, and also a lot of debts. She doesn’t know the exact amount of her debt, because she can’t restrain shopping, and she buys everything. Until the time when she concerns when she receives a bill for $900. She thinks that her credit card was stolen, but she realizes that she has given a gift Outdoor World. The debts are all

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for her, and till comes one of creditor, Derek Smeath. Smeath. At the same time, her work   place is bankruptcy. How Ho w can she pay the debt when she sh e has no job?

When she comes home, Suze says that Derek Smeath was looking for her. There are so many mails she has received. Then she tries to join with Alette magazine that she dreams off. On the way to her interview at Alette, she sees a green scarf and decides to buy it. Her credit card is declined and sale items can’t  be held, so Rebecca go to the nearest hot dog stand offering o ffering to buy all the hot h ot dogs if the seller gives her back change in cash. Rebecca lies saying that that gift for  her sick aunt. Finally a man offers her $20. When Rebecca gets to the interview, the receptionist receptionist tells that someone has got the position and suggests her to joining another magazine entitled“Successful Savings”.

At the same day, she comes to “Successful “Successful Saving” and the interviewer interviewer is Luke Brandon, the man who gives her money. She realizes that the man will ignore her if he knows that she was lied. She leaves the craft outside. The interview doesn’t go well and when he asks her question related to the job, she doesn’t have a clue what he is talking about and trying to distract him without any success. Luke’s Luke’s assistant comes into the room and tells Rebecca that she dropped her scarf. Rebecca knows her game is up then leaves the interview.

Felling depressed to both of interviews, she and Suze write letters for  Alet Alette te and “Succ “Success essful ful

Savi Saving” ng”,, she write writess the the bad bad things things and insult insultss to

Successful Saving, and writes the best to Alette. Unfortunately, the letter gets accidentally accidentally exchanged. Luke Brandon calls her and invites her to join Successful

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Saving. Felling terrible, she goes to Alette and try to get her letters. In the other  side, Luke gives her assignment to writer about economical sides. Rather than completing a work assignment, she is going to a clothing sale where she ends up  buying a lot of costly stuff. While examining some expensive cashmere gloves, she realizes that the gloves are only 5% cashmere and 95% acrylic, and it gives her inspiration for her column, calling calling herself “The Girl in the Green Scraft”. The column is success and impresses the owner of the magazine company owner. Meanwhile, Rebecca tells everyone in the office that her credit card collector, Derek Smith, is actually her stalker when he attempted to reach her throughout the film.

Luke invites her to a conference in Miami. In Miami, she and Luke share a shopping trip and a dance. Luke reveals that his mother is a wealthy socialite, socialite, but he wants to make it on his own. They bond, but she finds out that he is having dinner with Alicia, upsetting her. She also finds out that Alicia will be Luke’s date for an upcoming ball. Suze convinces Bex not to buy a new dress, but to use something she already has for the ball. In the evening, Luke smoothes things over, and the night takes a turn for the better as he joins her out on the balcony and kisses her. Bex goes to her parents to ask for help, but it turns out that they have  put all of their savings into an RV. They do mention her column, and how much they love it, but she does not to reveal that she is the author. Her work is being so well-received that Bex has given a television spot to Luke, and Alette takes her  shopping. While Bex is trying on clothes, Alicia has her bag and takes 20 calls from Smeath finding out her debt issues. Bex buys the outfit, though it is a

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monthly payment and heads over to her bridesmaid dress fitting, as Suze is getting married.

Bex meets a new woman going in and asks her to stash the bags in her  trunk. She agrees, but turns out to be the new group leader, Miss Korch, who marches the group to a thrift shop and makes Bex put the bags down of the car. Bex goes to buy them back after, but only has enough cash for one, so chooses the Barneys dress for the television appearance. The show has been going well, but once things are turning the audience for questions, questions, Smeath stands up and exposes her debt issues, as well as the lie of him being an ex-boyfriend. Tarq, Suze’s fiancé, Bexs parents all see. As Bex goes back to the apartment, Suze has been there, and while they are talking a homeless woman wearing the bridesmaid dress. Suze is furious and moving Bex out. Bex’s parents drive up and offer to sell the RV, but she won’t let them sell it. Alette stops and makes an offer to Bex to work  at Alette, but since it has been involving writing about affordable fashion that is not really affordable, but is encouraging more credit card use, Bex turns her down. Before this happens, Alicia complains to Luke about being stuck with Bex. Bex returns to her supporting group, asking for help, and sets up a sample sale and auction of her entire wardrobe. Sending a notice to the original receptionist at Alette, she forwards it to all assistants including Lukes assistant, Hayley. She says that she will need to make room for all the free samples from Alette. Everything is sold, include the original green scarf. Two women, including one on a phone compete to get it and eventually Bex releases to the winner, telling her not to wear  it with yellow and that it will bring her love. In the audience, Hayley has ended up

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sitting next to Mrs. Bloomwood, who reveals that Bex turned down the Alette offer. Defending Bex, Lukes job is in danger, but the owner surprises him by offering to start a new magazine. As they talk, Luke realizes he wants to strike out on his own, possibly possibly inspired inspired by Bex earlier earlier telling telling him that she could could see him runnin running g his his own own bus busine iness. ss. Th Thee grand grand total total from from the the auct auction ion is over over sixtee sixteen n thousand dollars, dollars, allowing Bex to pay off her debt. She takes the nine thousand or  so odd to Smeaths office in pennies, giving him what he deserves in the most annoying and inconvenient fashion, as he did to her. Bex shows up at Suzes wedding, wearing the dress, which she has traded to the homeless woman for  other clothes. They reconcile, and Suze and Tarq are married. As the newlyweds drive off, Bex wanders down the street. The mannequins call her again, but as she resists they start applauding her. Exhilarated by her growth, she finds Luke in front of her. He presents her with the green scarf, having sent both of the bidders. They are kissing on the street, as she talks about how giving up the shopping has allowed her time for other things, including a relationship with Luke. Luke.

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CHAPTER III LITERARY REVIEW

3.1 INTRINSIC ASPECTS

3.1.1 Narrative Elements Himawan Himawan Pratista in his book  Memahami  Memahami Film (2008:33) said that narrati narrative ve is the event event of the series series which relate related d to the story. story. There are elements of narrative aspects: 3.1.1.1 Theme Them Th emee is usua usuall lly y call called ed as main ain idea idea of the the stor story y or  underlying meaning of the literary work. Theme describes what the author wants the reader to understand understand about the subject. Theme is also commonly commonly developed through the plot, character character and other elements in the story. Theme in a story is not always easy to find. It can be implicit implicit and also explicit. The theme of a story is usually mentioned in the dialogue (Nurgiyantoro, 1995:69). 3.1.1.2 Characters  Nurgiyantoro (2007:176-177) says that character indicates the person person in the the story story.. Chara Charact cters ers which which the the autho authorr creat creates es also also

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include the narrator or the speaker of a story. Character Character is divided into two as following: 3.1 1.2.1 Major Character  Major character is known as main character. It is the main motivator motivator who is maintaining narrative’s narrative’s plot from the beginning to the end of the story. It is mostly described as perpetrators of the incident or the subject of the incident. 3.1.1.2.2 Minor Character  Minor character is the rival of main character. character. The problem usually exists because of this character. Minor character can help and solve the problem and also can be the rival of major character. 3.1.1.3 Setting Gener General ally, ly, sett setting ing is the the place place when when the actio actions ns happen happen.. Hima Himawa wan n Prat Pratis ista ta (200 (2008: 8:62 62)) expl explai ains ns that that sett settin ing g is the the enti entire re  background with all its properties. Setting is the important foundation of a literary work. Without setting, a story could not be told. It can can be said said that that all all infor informa mati tion, on, instru instruct ction ion,, refer referenc encee which are related to the time, space and atmosphere of the event in the literary work can rise up the setting (Sudjiman, 1992:46). According Nurgiyantoro, there are three kinds of setting as follows: 3.1.1.3.1 Setting of Time Setting of time refers to when the action or event takes place. It can explain when the literary work was written. The description of 

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time includes date, month, year, century, and also natural condition like morning, night, afternoon. On the other side, setting of time refers to the event in the story and indicates the time when it happens. The time setting may be in particular day, season, or year. 3.1.1.3.2 Setting of Place Setting of place can be understood as a place where the action or the event takes place. It can describe in a room, a town, a beach, etc. Setting of place also can be a place with special names or even some  places without clear name n ame or clear description. 3.1.1.3.3 Setting of Social Environment Social setting can be explained as ways of life, customs, traditions, traditions, norms, religion, religion, ways to think, government regulations, regulations, etc. Setting can also determine the social status of the character (Pratista, 2008:68). Generally, Generally, setting serves as background of events in the story includes time, place, and social condition which have influences influences to the character’s life. 3.1.1.4 Plot Plot is series of events that visually and audio visually presented in the film. Plot is prepared to make the story organized and could run accordance with the order (Pratista, 2008:34).

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According to Scott in his book  Inferring Meaning: Significant Plot  structures of the plot include; Exposition, Rising Rising  Details, there are five structures Acti Action, on, Clim Climax, ax, Fall Fallin ing g Acti Action on and Denou Denouem ement ent or Concl Conclusi usion on (2005:23). Those stages of plot describe below:

(Tiffany, 2009)

1. Exposition This part is known as introduction of the story. It serves information like protagonist and antagonist, conflict and goal, and setting of the story (Pratista, 2008:45). 2. Rising Action Rising action appears when conflict has existed leading up to the climax. The beginning of the problem in the story is usually described in this stage. 3. Climax

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Climax is considered as the high point in the story. It usually serves the conflict of the protagonist and antagonist. The story tempo usually increases and is more complex (Pratista, 2008:45). 4. Falling Action The falling action deals with event that happens after climax. This part usually shows the effect of the climax. 5. Conclusion or Denouement This is the end part of the plot that tells us the final of the conflict. It shows the end and the conclusion of the story. 3.1.1.5 Conflict Conf Confli lict ct is an impo import rtan antt elem elemen entt whic which h mu must st exis exist. t. It is important part in development of story ideas or plot, which is related to the theme. Without Without the problems problems that triggered triggered the conflic conflict, t, it would be no story and no plot. Conflict occurs because of the actions  performed by characters in a story (Nurgiyantoro, (Nurgiyantor o, 1995:124)  Nurgiyantoro divide conflict into internal and an d external conflict; 1. Internal Conflict Internal conflict is conflict in character’s mind. This conflict experienced human conflict with themselves. It occurs due to a conf confli lict ct

betw betwee een n

two two

desi desire res, s,

beli belief efs, s,

diff differ eren entt

opti option ons, s,

expect expectati ations ons,, or other other probl problem ems. s. Inter Internal nal confl conflic ictt can can also also be caused by disappointment because of what is expected of character  is not in line with reality. Internal Internal conflict is an internal problem of 

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character character but it does not preclude of resulted in more of an external conflict. If someone is depressed, he would vent irritation with  people around. It could be concluded that internal conflicts that happen could caused external conflicts (1995:124). 2. External Conflict Exte Ex terna rnall confli conflict ct is a confli conflict ct betwe between en chara charact cters ers with with somethi something ng outside outside their their self, self, or with with the environm environment. ent. Externa Externall conflict is divided into two; Physical conflict and Social conflict. Physical conflict is conflict which is caused by different opinion  between characters and natural environment. Social conflict is conflict which is caused by existence of social contact of man, or  issues that arise as a result of human relationships (Nurgiyantoro, 1995:124).

3.1.2 Cinematic Elements 3.1.2.1 Cinematography Cinematography is the art or science of making cinema films (Oxford Advanced Dictionary: 199). It is also known as the tech techni niqu quee of film filmma make kers rs do to film film.. Th Thee main main elem elemen entt in the the cinemat cinematogra ography phy is camera. camera. Camera Camera can be subs substit titute ute of directo director’s r’s eyes to tell and allows the audience understands the story (Gora and Widagdo, Bikin Film Indie Itu Mudah Mudah, 2007:45). Cinematography is generally divided into two; shot and angle. 3.1.2.1.1 Shoot

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Shot is classified into seven (Pratista 2008:104-106): 1. Extreme Long Shoot

Picture 3.1 Extreme Long Shot is the farthest camera’s distance from the obje object ct.. Huma Human n phys physic ical al form form is bare barely ly visi visibl blee (Pra (Prati tist sta, a, 2008:105). This shot is used to introduce whole locations and also is used to get the picture of the beautiful scenery. For  example the opening scene of the film which takes place in stadium. 2. Long Shot

Picture 3.2

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Long Shot shows the person’s picture from head to toe. The  background is still dominant. Long shot is used to show the vastness of object. 3. Medium Long Shot

Picture 3.3 This shot is used to show the object clearer. It usually takes from below the knee to top. The object and the background  behind have been balanced b alanced relatively. 4. Medium Shot

Picture 3.4 This Th is shot shot show showss the the huma human n body body from from the the wais waistt-up up.. Th Thee gestures and face’s expression seem more clearly. The object

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 begins to be dominant on the frame. Sometimes the background back ground is still visible.

5. Medium Close Up

Picture 3.5 In the medium close-up depends on more pictures showing the  profile of the recorded object. It takes tak es from the chest to top. The scenes of conversation usually use this shot. 6. Close Up

Picture 3.6 Close-up shows the image of the neck to the tip of the head  boundary. It is focused on the face. It is used to describe the emotions or reactions of a person in a scene (happy, sad, angry, amazed, etc).

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7. Extreme Close Up

Picture 3.7 Extreme Close-Up is used to design sections of an object (only eyes, eyes, only only nose, nose, only only lips, lips, etc) etc).. It is also used used to show show the the  picture details. 3.1.2.1.2. Angle Pratista (2008-106) says that angle is the camera’s angle of the object inside the frame. There are three kinds of angle: 1. High Angle

Picture 3.8

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Came Camera ra views views the the objec objectt und undern erneat eath h so the the objec objects ts are are expo expose sed d from from the the top. top. It give givess the the char charac acte terr imag images es of  weakness and less important. 2. Straight-on Angle

Picture 3.9 Camera views the object in a spacious frame. This angle is usually used to make the picture focus clear.

3. Low Angle

Picture 3.10 Came Camera ra views views the object object inside inside on-top on-top fram frame, e, whic which h the object is exposed from below. It gives images which the character is important and has authority.

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3.1.2.2 Sound Another cinematic cinematic aspect is sound. Pratista (2008:2) explains that sound is everything in the movie that can possibly catch the sense of hearing. Effendi in his book  Mari Membuat Film says that the elem elemen ents ts of soun sound d can can make make the the situ situat atio ion n in the the film film stro strong nger  er  (2002:93). According to Pratista, sound is classified into dialog, music and sound effect. 1. Dialog Dialog Dialog is communi communicati cation on verbal verbal language language which which is used inside or outside of the character in the film. It is common dialog in a film story (Pratista, 2008:149). 2. Music Music element is meant to reinforce a scene for a strong stronger er meani meaning. ng. Mu Music sic also also plays plays an impor importa tant nt role role in strengthening mood of a film. Music grouped into two: 2.1. Music illustration Music illustration is a kind of sound which can be  produced through musical instruments, which are included in a scene in order to strengthen strengthen the atmosphere atmosphere of film. The  beat of the music creates the different mood. Such as the

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fasten beat is for physical action in fast character and the slow beat is for dramatic condition (Effendi, 2002:95). 2.2. Theme song Theme song is a song which is intended as a part of  identity of a movie. It can be song written specifically for  thos thosee mo movi viee or song song that that was was popu popula larr befo before re.. It is an interesting element of movie. It can build the character. For  instan instance ce,, pop mu musi sicc is often often for drama drama romant romantic ic mo movi vie, e, alternative rock is for teenager movie, classical rock is for  war movie, furthermore jazz music is for detective movie (Effendy, 2002:96). 2.3. Sound effect Soun Sound d whic which h is gene genera rate ted d by all all the the acti action on and and react reaction ion in the the film film is includ including ing the element elementss of sou sound nd effects. One of the main functions of sound effect is as back  sound so that the audiences are able to hear it as well as the real place, such as marine situation which was evident with the sound of waves (Effendy, 2002:96).

3.2 EXTRINSIC ASPECTS

Consumerism cannot be separated from its history. Consumerism began because of the existence of industrial revolution that changed global economic and also consumer habit drastically.

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1. Industrial Revolution The indu indust stri rial al revo revolu luti tion on,, a peri period od of rapi rapid d tech techno nolo logy gy advancements, began in England in the mid of eighteenth century and event eventual ually ly spread spread acros acrosss the worl world d over over the next next 150 years years.. Th Thee first first Industrial Revolution took place around 1820s and 1870s and the second Industrial Industrial Revolution took place in Germany and United States. It changed the way the world produced its goods. Industrial Revolution was an event that marked a radical change. These changes occurred from an agrarian society to industrial revolution. This event also marked the beginning of the use of production facilities from human power to mechanical power. As a resul result, t, it trans transfor forme med d many many count countrie riess from from mo mostl stly y rural rural agric agricul ultur tural al soci ocieties

into nto

moder odern n

econom onomiical

ones nes

in

which

indust dustrry

and

manufacturing as the primary drivers of the economy. During the revolution, machines machines took tasks before they had been done by people and animals. Innovators discovered discovered new and more efficient ways ways of transfor transformin ming g raw materia materials ls into into products products that that fulfill fulfilled ed hum human an needs. Also, advances in transportation allowed people and goods to move chea cheapl ply y and and easi easily ly from from one one plac placee to anot anothe her. r. Th Thee tech techno nolo logi gica call developments during this period set the stage for the United States to  become the global superpower (Brezina, The Indust Industria riall Re Revol voluti ution on in  America, 2005).

American American Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution led American transportation transportation and comm communi unicat cation ion sys system tem.. Th Those ose sys syste tems ms brough broughtt Am Amer eric icaa to a bette better  r 

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economi economicc life. life. After After the emergen emergence ce a variety variety of inventio inventions, ns, industri industrial al development became unstoppable. Industry grew rapidly everywhere. It  brought the various impacts impa cts especially in economic ec onomic field. J. Milburn Thomson in his book  Justice  Justice and Peace Peace (2003:29) tells many impacts of industrial revolution. The impacts include: 1. Indust Industri rial al goo goods ds produ produce ced d in mass mass so that that the the produ product ction ionss becam becamee abundance and the prices of goods could have been obtained cheap. 2. Th Thee incre increase ase of the mass mass produ product ction ion encour encourage aged d the the trans transpor portat tatio ion n development throughout land, sea and air to transport the products to other regions and even nations. 3. Because of the rapid development of production, domestic markets were no longer able to absorb the goods produced industrial products. To  protect their economic activities, America needed other areas as a place of marketing, investment and the supplier for their industry. Mass Mass prod produc ucti tion on in indu indust stri rial al revo revolu luti tion on made made good goodss and and consumption increase. It led to a condition which can be considered as the trigger of consumerism. 2. Consumerism Consumerism occurs because of the activity of consuming. John Storey in Cultural Studies dan Kajian Budaya Pop explains consumption consumption emerges as a cultural concern in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the debate debate of the developm development ent of consume consumerr society society.. It becomes becomes frequent frequently ly aris arisin ing g in cult cultur ural al stud studie iess in the the 1970 1970ss in the the work workss abou aboutt how how the the

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subc subcul ultu ture ress prov provid idee a rang rangee of comm commod odit itie iess to prod produc ucee alte altern rnat ativ ivee meanings (2007:143). Consumption is related to consuming the goods and services to live comfortably in the context of socio-cultural-economy. socio-cultural-economy. Consumption Consumption is closely related related to shopping. It becomes the beginning of the activity before  people being consumptive. It connects people to goods production and market commodity. Shopp hoppin ing g beco becom mes a hum human need need that that is neve neverr enou enough gh.. Someone’s Someone’s motivation to shop is no longer to complete complete their needs but also to show their identity. In this process, consumerism happens. Consumerism is a pattern of thought and action when people buy not because they need it,  but because they want and give them satisfaction. It can happen when someone affects consumerism, consumerism, they always feel that shopping is their need. After she realizes that she does not need it. This is the root of consumerism, that is for continuing the economic to run well and people should buy it. Late Laterr cons consum umer eris ism m does does not not beco become me the the nega negati tive ve thin thing g but but rath rather  er  som somethi ething ng posi positi tive ve and and

is seen seen as

som somethi ething ng soci social ally ly valu valuab able le

(Soedjatmiko, 2008: 3-10). One of the figure of postmodernism conceptual theory thinker is Jean Baudrillard. Since last 1960s and early 1970s, he has argued that we now live in society which is no longer based on exchange of the value of  mate materi rial al good goodss but but on the the comm commod odit ity y as a sign sign and and symb symbol ol of the the establishment (Sutrisno and Putranto, 2005:242-243).

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He says that we are no longer controlling the object but are being controlled by the object. He describes the man with their consumption of  goods as the spider’s webs which encompass and consume everything in front front of them them.. Besid Besides, es, it is revea revealed led that that parti particul cular ar group groupss who who have have excessive consumptive culture, such as celebrities and teenager who have high lifestyle of shopping. These groups are looking for the excitement of  replacement the object of consumption. They are not only sought of the messages and information of the consumption but also the excitements of  communication with the object itself. The basic logic is no longer about need but about passion (Amir Piliang, 2003: 148-150). Development of consumerist society makes them do anything to get what they want. Most of them get problem. Jean Baudrillard in his book  Uncontrollable The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures explains that Uncontrollable shopping makes them have many credits and debts. Consumpt Consumption ion is concern concern is exempli exemplified fied by the fact, among among others, that he dealt with the issue of credit as this early stage in the development of the modern credit, especially credit card system. Goods are anything to attract them like a magnet. Moreover, their   passion flows uncontrollable and does not leave any mark behind. When the the consu consump mpti tion on becom becomes es thei theirr obliga obligatio tion, n, their their passi passion on will will never  never  complete actually. They usually buy what they want, not what they need (Baudrillard, 1998).

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

4.1 Intrinsic Element

4.1.1 Narrative Elements 4.1.1.1 Theme Consumerism is the theme in this movie. It can be seen from the shopping activity as depicted in the pictures below.

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Picture 4.1 00:01:08 Confessions of a Shopah olic 00

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Picture 4.2 00:02:33

Picture 4.3 00:02:39

Picture 4.4 00:02:47

Related to the theme, it can be shown at pictures above that consumerism is closely related to shopping. Picture 4.1 indicates little Rebecca Blomwood sees the women who choose the dress. This picture is taken with Long Shot and Straight-on Angle to show the clearly look   background and situation situ ation of the store. Picture 4.2 indicates when Rebecca sprays the perfume in her  neck. It is taken with Medium Shot with Low Angle. Picture 4.3 and 4.4 are taken with Straight-on Medium Long Shot. It happens in the same store but in different sides. Those shoots show that Rebeca enjoys her 

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shopping activity. The background of the pictures supports the situation when it happens in the store. To make the scenes looks stronger, the theme song of three  pictures above is Uncontrollable by Adrianne Bailon which tells about someone who cannot control her passion when she goes shopping. The song is compatible with situation in the pictures in which Rebecca cannot control herself when she goes shopping.

4.1.1.2 Characters 4.1.1.2.1 Major Character  Major character or main character in “Confessions of a Shopaholic” movie is Rebecca Bloomwood. Rebecca becomes the

main main char charac acte terr in this this mo movi viee beca becaus usee of her her mo most st freq freque uent nt appearance in the story.

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Picture 4.5 00:01:41

Picture 4.6 00:30:51

Rebe Rebecc ccaa Bloo Bloomw mwoo ood d is perf perfor orme med d by Isla Isla Fish Fisher er.. Rebecca is a shopaholic. She likes buying unnecessary things like  branded bags, shoes, clothes, even though she must spend her  money to get it. Pict Pictur uree 4.5 4.5 is take taken n with with Lo Long ng Shot Shot.. It show showss the the appearance appearance of Rebecca Bloomwood Bloomwood and describes describes what she wears. Musi Mu sicc Illu Illust stra rati tion on when when this this scen scenee is play played ed is the the song song by  Adrienne Bailon – Uncontrollable. Uncontrollable.

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 Rebecca : “Rebecca Bloomwood. Bloomwood. Occupation: Journalist. Jacket: Jacket: Visa. Dress: AMEX. Belt: Master Card. It’s vintage.  And I got one percent cashback. Bag: Gucci! And  worth every penny.”

( Confession of a Shopaholic , 00:01:32 – 00:01:49) Rebecca’s dialogue above can be seen on picture 4.5. It describes that Rebecca has high standard in choosing the things that she buys. She prefers buying branded things rather than others whic which h do not not have have popu popula larr bran brand. d. Th Thus us,, it can can incr increa ease se her  her  outcome. This habit shows how consumerism happens in Rebecca. Moreover, she also describes the desire of shopping is like the desire of having relationship with a man.  Rebecca : “Cause you you know that thing, when you see see someone cute and he smiles, and your heart kind of goes like warm butter sledding down hot toast? Well, that’s what it’s like when I see a store.”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:01:58 – 00:02:09) Rebe Rebecc ccaa does does not not have have a boyf boyfri rien end d beca becaus usee in her  her  opinion stores treat her better than a man. The function of a store is  better than a man’s.  Rebecca

: “You see, a man will never love you or treat you as well as store. If a man doesn’t fit, you can’t exchange him him seve seven n days days late laterr for for a gorg gorgeo eous us cash cashme mere re

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 sweater. And a store always smells good. A store can awaken a lust for things you never even knew you needed.”

(Confession of a Shopaholic , 00:02:19 – 00:02:45). From From the the dial dialog ogue ue abov above, e, it can can be conc conclu lude ded d that that Rebecca is addicted to shopping. Stores always treat her better than any other things. Therefore, it is difficult for her to stop being shopaholic. When Rebecca feels bored with her clothes, she will buy the new one and keep in her wardrobe. “If a man doesn’t fit, you can’t can’t exchan exchange ge him seven seven days days later later for a gorge gorgeous ous cashm cashmere ere  sweater.” Her statement tells that a man cannot be changed with

sweater if you do not fit with him.

4.1.1.2.2 Minor Character  Minor characters in this movie are Suze, Luke Brandon, and Derek Smeath. The frequency of their appearance is not as many as Rebecca’s. The functions of these minor characters are to  build the movie and to support the main character, Rebecca Bloomwood. 1. Suze

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Picture 4.7 Confession of a Shopaholic , 00:03:46 Suze is performed by Krysten Ritter. She is the best friends friends of Rebecca Rebecca.. She lives in Suze’s Suze’s apartme apartment. nt. They live together and work at the same place as journalist. Suze always help Bex when she gets trouble with her shopping habit. Suze Suze :

“Well, “Well, on the bright bright side, side, you you hated workin working g for that  magazine.”

 Bex : “It was my income, income, Suze.  I need my income!” income!” Suze : “Bex, the most important important thing is not to be panic.” panic.”

(Confession of a shopaholic , 00:13:17 – 00:13:23) On the conversation above, Suze, as a best friend of  Rebecca, Rebecca, tries to calm her down because Rebecca has lost her job as a journalist in their office. On the other side, Rebecca has much debt that she must pay.

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Picture 4.8 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:54:08  Bex

: “I’m gonna go to the ball impress Alette Naylor.  Here! All I have have to do first is buy buy a new dress. dress.

Suze Suze

: “No “No!! Abs Absol olut utel elyy not not.. You You’v ’vee 10, 10,00 000 0 dre dress sses es alre alread ady. y.

 Bex

: “What? You exaggerate. exaggerate.

Suze Suze

: “I “I kno know w the the dres dress, s, It’s It’s perf perfec ect. t. You You got got it at the the thi thing ng..  Know what I’m talking about? Where is it? I hope we didn’t throw it away at the de-cluttering.

[whi [while le choo choose se and and pick pick the the dres dress] s] “Oh, “Oh, Be Bex. x. Im Imag agin inee you you wearing this dress, walk pass the mirror, would you be a jealous?”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:54:05 – 00: 54:18) Picture 4.8 is taken by using Medium Long Shot. Suze is looking for Rebecca’s dress when she found the old ones. “ I know the dress. It’s perfect. You got it at the thing”. Suze is trying to

convince her that the dress makes her proud and gives good impression impression on her, so she does not need to buy new clothes. Suze

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is the first person who forbids her to buy clothes and supports her  stop being a shopaholic. shopaholic. 2. Luke Brandon

Picture 4.9 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:07:12 Luke Brandon is performed by Hugh Dancy. Luke is an important person in Successful Saving , a magazine company. He is good good look lookin ing. g. Rebe Rebecc ccaa work workss with with him him in the the maga magazi zine ne company as journalist. Luke trusts Rebecca because she makes a good writing and makes people impressed. At the end of the story, they both are in love. Picture 4.9 is taken by using Medium Close-Up with Straight Angle. It shows the face of Luke Brandon when he meets Rebecca at the first time in hotdog stall.  Luke : “Now, what firms like Comintex thrive on is an endemic lack of public understanding. They get away with murder  because Maisie with a root beer and a $200 investment   portfolio. What does she know? What does she actually know about those guys are doing? What she’s told. And if 

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the magazines she looks to for answers aren’t asking the right questions, it isn’t good for Maisie.” “I want you to tell the truth in a way that Maisie can understand. Now, go home, write me an initial outline and  e-mail it to me by 3:00. OK?”

(Confession of a Shopaholic , 00:28:14 – 00:28:54) Luke is a smart person. He is a good observer as a  journalist. The conversation shows that Luke tries to explain about his perspective in economic and asks Rebecca to write about actual economic incident for her fist column in Successful  Saving magazine.

3. Derek Smeath

Picture 4.10 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 01:14:40 Derek Smeath is performed by Robert Stanton. Derek  Smeath is  All City debt collector. He chases Rebecca because she has a lot of debt on credit card. Derek calls Rebecca for many time timess but but Rebe Rebecc ccaa does does not not answ answer er and and does does not not tell tell many many accidents that she gets to avoid him.  Rebecca

: “Hola”

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 Derek Smeath : “Ms. Bloomwood, Its Derek Smeath from All  City Debt Collector. At last we meet.”  Rebecca

: “Uh”

 Derek Smeath : “Hows your leg? Still broken?” broken?”  Rebecca

: “Uh… It’s, um.. um.. It’s much better. better.

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:44:05 – 00: 44:13)  Derek Smeath : “Good. Then kindly limp, straggler, or crawl to my office this afternoon.”  Rebecca

: “Um, absolutely. absolutely. I would love to.” to.”

 Derek Smeath : “Good.”  Rebecca

: “Except… Oh, my God!”

 Derek Smeath : “What?”  Rebecca

: “My aunt just fallen from the sky in a freak   skydiving accident” accident”

 Derek Smeath : “Enough! Unless the outstanding balance is transferred from your account 9:00 on Monday morning. The next step will be personal contact.”  Rebecca

: “Absolutely, 9:00 9:00 on Monday morning.”

“I have to go. I’m sorry. I’ve got to go.”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic , 00:44:33 – 00:45:04) The conversation indicates how Derek Smeath is trying to forc forcee Rebe Rebecc cca’ a’ss to pay pay her her debt debts. s. “Enoug “Enough! h! Unless Unless the outstanding balance is transferred from your account 9:00 on

l

 Monday morning. The next step will be personal contact.”. His

statement shows how he threats Rebecca if she is not paying her  debt. It also shows that Derek Smeath has firm attitude. 4.1.1.3 Setting As it is explained in the previous chapter, setting is divided into setting of time, setting of place, and setting of social environment. 1. Setting of Time In the Confession of a Shopaholic , setting of time is divided into two; in the beginning which shows us the little Rebecca and the grown-up Rebecca who works as a journalist.

Picture 4.11 00:00:46

Picture 4.12 00:01:01

Two pictures above show us little Rebecca who wears pink  coat accompanying accompanying her mother to go shopping. Even though there is no year year list listed, ed, audie audience nce can disti distingu nguis ish h the the diffe differe rence nce of time time.. Because she often is invited to shop by her mother, she has a dream to get everything that she wants. Pict Picture ure 4.11 4.11 is taken taken with with Medi Medium um Close Close-Up -Up and Lo Low w Angle Angle and Pict Picture ure 4.12 4.12 is taken taken with with Medi Medium um Lo Longng-Sh Shot ot with with Straight-On Angle. There is no conversation in the picture above. It

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is only narration of Rebecca Bloomwood accompanied by theme song from Rick Ocasec – I Would Do Anything Anything For You.

Picture 4.13 00:01:29

Picture 4.14 00:01:30

Both pictures above, 4.13 and 4.14, show that Rebecca has grown up and worked as a journalist. The year is not listed clearly,  but it can be distinguished in picture 4.11 and 4.12 which portray the time when she was a little child and the time when she has grown up into an adult. In addition to show when the events happen in this movie, setting of time also indicates the appearance of someone’s habitual. In this movie, which tells about consumerism, shows many scenes shows when Rebecca do shopping. It can be seen on the six picture  below.

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Picture 4.15 00:02:49

Picture 4.16 00:05:32

Picture 4.17 00:31:01

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Picture 4.18 00:46:26

Picture 4.19 00:58:31

Picture 4.20 01 : 07 : 58

The frequency when she goes shopping is not clearly listed in the story, but most of the scenes related to shopping and its effects. Picture 4.15, Picture 4.16, Picture 4.17 and Picture 4.19 show when Rebecca goes shopping in the store and she prefer to shopping alone. Picture 4.18 tells Rebecca who goes shopping with Luke Brandon and helps him to choose the clothes. It shows her   passion on shopping even though she just accompanies Luke Brandon. This picture is taken by applying Long Shot to shows all the background in the store. Picture 4.20 describes when she goes shopping with Alette for her TV sho shows. ws. The pict picture ure sho shows ws how how Rebe Rebecca cca favors favors the clothes she chooses. Although she does not really need to buy the

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clothes, she cannot reject Alette’ s invitation to go shopping because  basically she loves lov es it. 2. Setting of Place This Th is film film takes takes place place in New New York York City. City. Howe Howeve ver, r, the the scenes mostly happen in New York City.

Picture 4.21 00:52:59

Picture 4.22 01:37:20

Picture 4.23 00:08:54 Picture 4.21 taken by applying Extreme Long Shot shows the situation in New York City which is very crowded with many tall  buildings. Takes Time To Love by Chris Brown is played in that scene. It also can be seen in the picture 4.22 that New York has many shops and stores which sell branded branded clothes clothes.. Picture Picture 4.22 indicates Rebecca is walking in front of the St. Yves Laurent store in

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 New York. Most of scenes is taken by Long Shot and Straight-on Angle to show the situation around. Picture 4.23 shows the name of Rebecca’s place of work  with with Lu Luke ke Bran Brando don. n. Indi Indire rect ctly ly,, it expl explai ains ns the the big big maga magazi zine ne company in New York like Allete 3. Setting of Social Environment The setting of social environment in the Confessions of a Shopaholic is described clearly. Rebecca lives in the society that forces her to stop her habit, being shopaholic. shopaholic. It is good help for her  to stop her habit.

Picture 4.24 00:57:55

Picture 4.25 00:55:35

Picture 4.26 00:56:26 The story tells that Rebecca wants to stop her habit by  joining the community anti-shopping which shown in Picture 4.24 where the members are shopaholic people. They also have a yell:

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“My will is Strong. My wallet is closed. I do not want to shop.”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:57:55 – 00:58:00) Their yell tells that they have a strong wish to fight their   passion when they want to go shopping. This picture is taken by Long Shot which describes the situation when Rebecca comes to the meeting. Thee story Th story tell tellss that that the commu communi nity ty memb members ers has same same  problem with her. They are shopaholic and want to control their  shopping habit.  Rebecca : Hello everybody, everybody, I’m Rebecca Rebecca Bloomwood. Bloomwood.  All

: Hi Rebecca. Rebecca.

 Rebecca : I just actually come here as a favor to a friend. Um, I  mean, I like shopping. Is there anything so wrong with that?  I mean, stores are put there to enjoy. Uh, the experience is enjoyable. Well, more than enjoyable. It’s beautiful. The  sheen of silk, draped across a mannequin. Oh, the smell of  new Italian leather shoes.  Man

: Italian leather shoes, shoes, that’s the best.

 Rebecca : Oh.. the rush you feel when you swipe your card. And it’s approved. And it all belongs to you! The joy you feel when  you’ve bought bought something, and it’s just you and shopping.  Man

: You and shopping. shopping.

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 Rebecca : All you have to do is hand over a little card. Isn’t that the best feeling in the world? I need to buy a new bag. I have to impress Alete. Woman : Oh, there there a sale at at Catherine Catherine Maladri Maladrino. no.  Rebecca :You like my soul soul sister.

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:56:26 – 00:57:48) The conversation above indicates that Rebecca and the other member  of community are similar; they like to go shopping. They are very interest hearing Rebecca’s confession when she goes shopping. They also like buying branded things. They have same standard of  shop shoppi ping ng.. It can can be seen seen in the the sent senten ence ce “Oh, “Oh, ther theree a sale sale at Cath Cather erin inee  Maladrino.” which tells that they are update about what is happening in the store.

The similarities is strengthened by Rebecca’s sentence, “You like my soul sister.”

4.1.1.4

Plot As expla explaine ined d in Chapt Chapter er III, III, Plot Plot inclu includes des five five struc structur tures; es;

Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action and Denouement. 1. Exposition Exposition is known as the introduction of the story. In this movi mo vie, e, this this part part begi begins ns when when Rebe Rebecc ccaa intr introd oduc uces es hers hersel elff as a shopaholic.

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Picture 4.27 00 : 02 : 37

Picture 4.28 00 : 06 : 51

As a shopaholic, it can be seen in Picture Picture 4.27 which describes Rebec Rebecca ca when when she goes goes sho shoppi pping ng and and choos chooses es the the cloth clothes. es. Th This is  picture tries to reveal the fact that Rebecca is described as a shopaholic person. Besides introducing Rebecca as a shopaholic, this part also tells about her first meeting with Luke Brandon. Picture 4.28 shows the first time Rebecca met Luke Brandon in the hot dog stall. Luke helped Rebecca by giving her cash money when she wanted to buy green scarf. The picture is taken with Medium Close-Up and Low Angle ngle to sho show the the face face of Rebe Rebecc ccaa and and Luke uke when when they they met met accidentally.

2. Rising Action The beginning of the problem is shown when Rebecca’s credit card is declined and she has many debt of it. Besides, she also lost her   job.

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Picture 4.29 00:06:24

Picture 4.30 00 : 13 : 07

Picture 4.29 shows when Rebecca’s credit card is declined. Her credit card is over limit. The problem begins. She cannot use her  credit card anymore. Picture 4.30 shows Gardening  magazine magazine where she works at is bankrupt.  Rebecca

: “What?”

 Her friend : [sobbing] “That little rat! The magazine’s folding and   she knew! She She knew and she didn’t tell anybody.” anybody.”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:13:08 – 00:13:13) The second problem is she has no job and she cannot pay her debt.

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The scenes above indicate that the problems are leading up to the climax of the story.

3. Climax Climax began when Derek Smeath as the debt collector is trying to force Rebecca to pay her debt.

Picture 4.31 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 01:04:58 Picture 4.31 shows Rebecca and Derek Smeath in the same elevator. Derek Smeath comes to Rebecca’s office to dun her debt. The climax is exacerbated with the scene when Derek Smeath chases Rebecca in her office. At the same time, Rebecca must save her career  in Successful Saving . To cover cover up her problem, problem, she lies to Luke Luke and other people telling that Derek Smeath is her ex-boyfriend. 4. Falling Action Falling action happens when Derek Smeath tells everybody that the real Rebecca has many debts.

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Picture 4.32 01:14:06

Picture 4.33 00:14:11

Both pictures 4.32 and 4.33 above show when Rebecca and Luke have an interview in TV live show. Derek Smeath comes to the on-air TV program and tells audience the truth.  Derek Smeath : “I’m from the All City Debt Collection Agency. My name is Derek Smeath.”  Luke

: “Now, look, for God’s sake, can I just say that this man has been stalking Rebecca for the past year.”

 Derek Smeath : “Yes, I have. To recover unrepaid credit on a store card totaling $9,412 and a quarter.”  Luke

: “No, I’m sorry, sorry, because because he is her ex-boyfriend.” ex-boyfriend.”

 Derek Smeath Smeath

: “ That’s good. I tell ya, the more you look at me, the funnier that gets. Ok, well, my ex-girlfriend told  me she couldn’t meet me today because I might risk  conta contamin minati ation on with with an infec infectio tion n she picked picked up in  Finland. The best is yet yet to come. Did you realize our  our   Ms. Bloomwood here is in the hospital with depression? depression? Currently in the hospital with gallstone,

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………….. which of these excuses is true? Are any of  them?”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic , 01:14:21 – 01:15:56) Then Luke feels mad and disappointed to Rebecca because of  the truth and Rebecca has lost her job in Luke’s magazine company. 5. Denouement Conclusion Conclusion or denouement denouement of the Confessions Confessions of a Shopaholic movie is the awareness of Rebecca Bloomwood about the bad effects of being shopaholic. Moreover, she also has a perfect relationship with Luke Brandon.

Picture 4.34 01:32:26 01:32:26

Picture 4.35 01:33:57 01:33:57

In Picture 4.34 we can see Rebecca sells the things she has; shoes, clothes, bags, gloves, include her lovely scarf, the green scarf to  pay her debt. She realized that being a shopaholic is such a disaster. The only way to solve the problem is selling everything she owns. Picture Picture 4.35 explains the situation when Rebecca meets Derek  Smeath and pays all her debt which is $9,412 and a quarter in totals. She pays it with coins. She gets the money from all the things sold.

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Picture 4.36 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 01:39:04 After paying all her debt, she eventually has a relationship with Luke Brandon. Luke realizes that Rebecca has changed.  Rebecca : “Name : Rebecca Rebecca Bloomwood. Bloomwood. Occupation : I am a columnist for Luke’s new magazine. Dress ess : Borrowe rowed d fro from Suze uze as I am a refor forme med  d   shopaholic.  It is amazing what you have time to do when you’re not   shopping. For example, I actually learned Finnish. And  instead of a relationship with my credit card, I have a relationship with someone who loves me back. And never  declines me.

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 01:39:17 – 01:39:55) The story ends in happy ending situation in which Rebecca realizes that being a shopaholic is a disaster. She had learned herself  the negative effects of being a shopaholic. 4.1.1.5 Conflict 1. Internal Conflict

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Rebecca’s internal conflict happens when she does not have money left and she is not recovering from her shopaholic yet. She tries to fight her passion when she goes shopping. Her confussion always comes when she goes to the stores about buying the things that she really needs and buying she wants.

Picture 4.37 00:30:52

Picture 4.38 00:31:07

Picture 4.37 and 4.38 tell the confussion of Rebecca when she is in a garage sale. At first, she wants to buy one thing that she really needs but after she looks at the other things, she got confused.  Rebecca : “At every point point I will ask, “Do I need this?”” “Well, “Well, these cashmere cashmere gloves I need, need, as it is winter and I  have… hands. So, that’s all.” “Now walk away, strong and frugal.” [gasps] “Oh, My God! Pucci boots. 50 percent off? Do I  need these?” (Confessions of a Shopaholic , 00:30:25 – 00:31:12)

Rebecca’s monologue above tells that Rebecca confuse about  buying boots. After she buys cashmere gloves, she make herself sure that she does not need the other things. It can be seen in the sentence

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“ Now walk away, strong and frugal .” .” She would like to convince herself that the things around her cannot affect her to do shopping. At first, she trusts herself that she will not be tempted with things around. She thinks the gloves are enough and she really needs it. But then she sees Pucci boots which has 50 percent off. She confuses. She talks to herself, Do I need these? And she answers, No. She puts it back. It means that she controls herself to shop. When she realizes the boots she wants is taken by someone else, she feels confuses and finally she buys the boots. After she is aware that she does not really needs the boots, she regrets it. It indicates that there is internal conflict happen in Rebecca about control her desire. The theme song when she goes to a garage sale in picture 4.37 is  Accessory by Jordyn Taylor . The song tells about branded things and she got it when she needs it. This song is in line with this movie which tells about uncontrolled shopping habit. It makes the character  of Rebecca in the scene looks stronger because she loves branded things and she always gets it.

2. External Conflict Because of her uncontrollable shopping, Rebecca has many  problems with people around arou nd her. 1. Conflict between Rebecca and Derek Smeath

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As a shopaholic person, Rebecca pays the things she buys with her credit card. When she knows that her debt is so high, she realizes that she cannot pay that. Derek Smeath as a debt collector  comes to look for Rebecca and wants her to pay the debt. Rebecca alwa always ys avoids avoids him. him. Th Thee confl conflic ictt happe happens ns when when Dere Derek k Smeat Smeath h comes to Rebecca office and they are in the same elevator. Rebecca knows him and run into her office.

Picture 4.39 01:05:45

Picture 4.40 01:05:55

Picture 4.41 00:14:17 Pict Picture ure 4.39 4.39 is taken taken by Mediu Medium m Shot Shot with with Stra Straigh ight-o t-on n Angle. It shows Rebecca runs from the elevator when she realizes that Derek Smeath is in her sides. Unfortunately, Derek Smeath knows that Rebecca is trying to avoid him. Picture 4.40 shows how Derek Smeath would like to tell that he knows Rebecca and he will

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catch her. But then he is failed to do that because Rebecca tells everybody that Derek Smeath is her Ex and stalking her. External conflict also happen when Derek Smeath success to catches Rebecca and make her embarrass. In picture 4.41 Derek  Smeath tells to audience that Rebecca is lying about her economic article and she has many debts. In that situation Rebecca cannot deny the statements of Derek Smeath and the truth is comes. 2. Conflict between Rebecca and Luke Brandon There is no conflict happens between Rebecca and Luke Brandon because they are good partner. The conflict happens when Derek Smeath tells the truth about who the real Rebecca is to everyone including Luke, and Luke thinks that Rebecca is a liar. Therefore, he is very mad of her.

Picture 4.42 00:16:06

Picture 4.43 00:16:28

Luke’s expression clearly shows that he is disappointed.  Luke

: “Well, at least I don’t have to worry about you being stalked!”

 Rebecca

: “Luke, you you don’t understand!” understand!”

 Luke

: “No, you’re right. I don’t!

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“So do what I hired you to do, Rebecca, and make the truth clear to somebody who absolutely doesn’t  understand.”  Rebecca

: “I shop.” shop.”

 Luke

: “Oh, you like because you shop. OK, OK. Why do  you shop?” shop?”

 Rebecca

: “Well, I….”

 Luke

: “Come on, come come on!”

 Rebecca

: “Well, you’re you’re not giving me time.” time.”

 Luke

: “For what? To make something up? Just for once in your life, tell me the truth.”

 Rebecca

“ :Because when I shop, the world gets better. The world is better. And then it’s not anymore. And I  need to do it again.”

 Luke

: “What about honesty? honesty? What about about credibility?”

(Confession of a Shopaholic , 01:16:07 – 01:16:56) From the dialogue above, we can see that Luke is mad. His tone of speak is high and Rebecca try to beg her sorry. Luke wants to hear the reason why Rebecca lies and why she is addicted to shopping when everybody knows that she is the inspiring people who help them to control their shopping habit.

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After this conflict happens, Rebecca never meets Luke until Luke knows that Rebecca has changed and has sold all the things she has to pay her debt. 3. Conflict between Rebecca and Suze Suze, is Rebecca’s best friend, is also disappointed with her. Because she lost Suze’s wedding bridesmaid. She does not mean to do that, but her leader in the community of anti-shopping forces her  to give it to charity shop because she thinks Rebecca still goes shopping.

Picture 4.44 01:11:17

Picture 4.45 0 1 : 18 : 00

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Picture 4.46 01:18:19 Pict Pictur uree 4.44 4.44 show showss Rebec ebecca ca and and her her anti anti-s -sho hopp ppin ing g community community go to charity shop. Her leader forces her to give Suze’s  bridesmaid and her TV shows dress to the shop. Rebecca Rebe cca cannot do anything. After her friends has gone, she returned to the shop and wanted to get the dresses back. Unfortunately, the shop assistant did not give those dresses back and told that Rebecca had to pay for  it. Rebecca paid her TV shows dress because she needed it tonight and she did not pay Suze’s bridesmaid because she had no money left in her pocket. Suze

: “I “Is sh she we wearing my my br bridesmaid’s dr dress?” [d [door    slams]

 Rebecca

: “Suze! That, I can absolutely absolutely explain!” explain!”

Suze

: “OK! Explain.” [screaming] [screaming] “Explain!”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 01:18:02 – 01:18:30) The conversation above can be found in Picture 4.45 and Pict Picture ure 4.46. 4.46. Some Someone one weari wearing ng Suze Suze’s ’s bride bridesm smaid aid is passin passing g

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Rebecca and Suze. Suze realizes that the dress is hers and she is really mad to Rebecca. Finally, Suze forgive Rebecca when Rebecca sells all the things she has and buys Suze’s bridesmaid back and wears it in Suze’s wedding.

4.2 Extrinsic Aspect

4.2.1 Being Shopaholic and Its Effect Rebecca knows stores and the ways of shopping from her mother  who loves shopping. Her mother always invites her to go shopping and there she begins to know about the pleasure she will gets from shopping. The problem begins when Rebecca gets many debts from her  credit card she mostly uses. She does not realize what she has already  bought. When Suze checks the bills, she just realizes that she has so many debts.

Picture 4.47 00:14:57

Picture 4.48 00:15:22

Dialogue of both two pictures: Suze Suze

: “Two Two hund hundre red d doll dollar arss for for Mar Marc Jacob acobss unde underw rweear?” ar?”

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 Bex

: “Oh, underwear underwear is a basic human right.”

Suze

: “S “Seventy-eight do dollars on on la lavender ho honey!”

 Bex

: “I felt sorry for the shop assistant. She had a lazy eye. I didn’t  know which way she was looking. It was so sad.”

Suze Suze

: “I “I ca can’t n’t ev even ta talk about out th this one. ne. A foo foot sp spa? What What wer were you you doing at a foot spa?”

 Bex

: “Let’s take take a break.”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:15:00 – 00:15:22) The expression of Rebecca when she realizes her debt can be looked in Picture 4.47 which is taken by Medium Close Up. It shows when Rebecca gets shocked of knowing the details of her debt. It contains many  branded things she had bought and most of them are not important to her, like buying expensive lavender honey and underwear. Knowing her debts, she regrets it and get confuse. It can be seen in Picture 4.48 which is taken by Medium Close-Up and High Angle which describes her sad expression. It also shows Rebecca and her bills around. After After she knows knows the amount amount of her bill, bill, she realizes realizes that she has so many many debts she has to pay. Moreover, Rebecca just has lost her job as journalist. She has to think how she gets the money to pay all her debts. On the the othe otherr side sides, s, she she trie triess to appl apply y for for the the job job at  Allete magazine company, the biggest and the most famous fashion magazine in  New York. Unfortunately, the position is already taken and the receptionist r eceptionist

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offers a job in Successful Saving  economic magazine company, and she is in. The other effect of being shopaholic is stalked by debt collector. It is happens in Rebecca’s. Rebecca’s. She has many debts and it is not paid yet. Derek  Smeath, the debt collector, always tries to warn her but she ignores it.

Picture 4.49 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:04:12 Until the time comes, Derek Smeath comes to Successful Saving to tell her that if she does not pay the bill, he will take everything she has. The picture above shows Rebecca and Derek Smeath in the same elevator. Rebecca realizes it and tries to avoid him and she succeeds.

4.2.2 Consumerism of Rebecca Bloomwood Consumption is related to shopping. It becomes the beginning of  the activity before people being consumptive. Rebecca as the main actor is a shopa shopahol holic ic person person.. She She loves loves sho shoppi pping ng and and she reali realize zess that that she is a consumptive person.

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Picture 4.50 00:02:43 00:02:43

Picture 4.51 00:13:21 00:13:21

Rebecca loves shopping very much. She often goes shopping and store to buy the newest items. She feels that shop accomodates most her  wants. Picture 4.50 shows that she is shopping. She brings many paper bags which contain many branded things inside. After she goes shopping, she always feels happy. Shopping is her daily needs. When she cannot control her shopping habitual, she becomes consumptive. It can be seen in picture 4.51 that Rebecca really consumptive. She likes buying shoes in the store. The evidence is looked in that picture which shows that she has many shoes in her room. Because she loves to shopping and buying the things which actually she does not really needs without control it, she has many outcome and many debts. On the other side, her motivation to shop is no longer to complete her daily needs but also she wants to show her identity. She always buys  branded things though th ough the price is expensive. ex pensive. She wants to show sh ow her identity through clothes, bags, and shoes that she wears.

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 Mannequin : “The point about this scarf is that, it would become part of a definition of your psyche. It would make your eyes look  bigger.”  Rebecca

: “It would make make my haircut look more expensive.” expensive.”

 Mannequin

: “It would be an investment. You would walk into that  interview confident and poised the girl in the green scarf.”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic , 00:05:21 – 00:05:58)

Jean Baudrillard’s Baudrillard’s theory says that those consumers are no longer  controlling controlling the object but are being controlled by the object. When Rebecca cannot control her desire to buy the things, it means that she is controlled by the things. She does everything to get those things.

Picture 4.52 00:31:13

Picture 4.53 00:31:25

 Rebecca

: “Oh, I’m sorry, sorry, I had ‘em ‘em first.”

Woman

: “But you put them down.”

 Rebecca

: “No, I know I did, but I saw ‘em first, so I’m gonna take ‘em.”

Woman

: “Then you took your hands off them.”

 Rebecca

: “Give me the boots, boots, and no one one gets gurt!”

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(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:31:16 – 00:31:26) The pictures and the conversation above tell us when Rebecca in a garage sale and she looks at the Pucci boots. She is doubtful to buy it or  not. When she puts it back, a woman comes and takes it. Then Rebecca says that she would like to buy it. They are fighting to get that boots. She wins and she gets the boots. The theory also says that shopping is a deal with the issue of  credit card. It makes credit card system happen (see page 29).

Picture 4.54 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:58:25 When Rebecca goes shopping, she usually pays the things she  buys with credit cr edit card. It makes her addict to the card. After she knows that her credit card is declined, she tries to control her passion to go shopping. On the other hand, she still has one credit card left and to keep it safe, she froze it in the ice cube. One day when she cannot stop her desire to go shopping, she tries to make the credit card out from the frozen ice cube. When shopping becomes her obligation, her passion will never  complete actually. She usually buy what they want, not what they need.

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Rebecca knows when she is in a garage sale, she must think twice to buy what she wants. “At every point I will ask, “Do I need this?”. But then she is back into the real Rebecca and buys all the things.

Picture 4.55 Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:31:45 After she gets home, she realizes that she does not need those things. She regrets it. She does not need all those things because she already has the old ones.  Rebecca

: “Your store card is like a 50 percent-off cashmere coat. The first time you meet, it promises to be your best friend. Until you look closely and realize it’s not real cashmere.”

(Confessions of a Shopaholic, 00:32:32 – 00:32:43) The conversation above tells that Rebecca feels regret to know that the boots she has bought is not the real cashmere in material whereas the reason she buys it because she thinks that it is original cashmere. Her  regret explains that actually shopping is not always providing best. The picture above, taken by using Medium Shot and Low Angle, shows the sad expression of Rebecca. It also describes that she regrets of   being unable to control her shopping habit. She looks desperate and sad about buying many things with her credit card again. The most trouble she

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gets is she does not really need those things because, actually she already has it. it. Th Thee theme theme son song g which which accom accompan panie iess Pict Picture ure 4.55 4.55 is  Again by  Natasha Bedingfield . This slow song supports the situation of Rebecca

who feels sad and regret.

CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION

Confessions of a Shopaholic is a film which tells of a woman named

Rebecca Bloomwood who addicted to shopping. Her shopping hobby turned out to bring bad effects for her. The conflict happens when she realizes that she has many debts that she must pay but she has just lost her job. By usin using g expo expone nent ntia iall appr approa oach ch to expl explai ain n intr intrin insi sicc aspe aspect ctss and and sociolog sociological ical approach approach to explain explain extrinsi extrinsicc aspects aspects,, this movie movie provides provides new knowledge knowledge for the audience. This movie shows the characteristics characteristics of consumptive experience experience by Rebecca and also the effects that would be obtained. Besides being chased by debt collector to pay the debts, she also feels how hard to eliminate her  shopping addicts though she also join in community community anti-shopping and freeze her  credit card in ice cube.

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Thus, Th us, it can can be said said that that this this film film refle reflects cts the consum consumer erism ism whic which h occurred in Rebecca Bloomwod character in Confession of a Shopaholic movie by P.J Hogan.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Books

Aart S, Scholte. 2000. Globalization: A Critic Introduction . London: Macmillan Press. Baudrillard, Jean. 1998. The Consumer Society; Myths & Structures. London: Sage Publications. Brezina, Corona. 2005. The  Industrial Revolution in America. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Brunsvick, Brunsvick, Yves; Danzin, Anre. 2005. Lahirnya Sebuah Peradaban . Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Burns, Burns, Tom Tom;; Elizabe Elizabeth. th. 2009. 2009. Sociol Boston: Sociology ogy of Litera Literatur turee and Drama Drama. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. David, Rachman. 1979. Business Today Today . America: Random House. Effendy, Heru. 2002. Mari Membuat Film. Yogyakarta: Panduan.

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Harso Harsono, no, Sisw Siswo. o. 199 1999. 9.  Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Sema Semara rang: ng: Yayas Yayasan an Deaparamartha. Miles, Steven. 1998. Consumerism As a Way of Life . London: Sage Publications.  Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi . Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Pilian Piliang, g, Yasraf Yasraf.. 2003. 2003.  Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya  Makna. Yogyakarta: Jalasutera.

Pratista, Himawan. 2008. Memahami Film. Yogyakarta: Homerian Pustaka. Quart, Alissa. 2008. Belanja Sampai Mati. Yogyakarta: Resist Book. Saénz, Saénz, Mario. Mario. 2002. 2002.  Latin American Perspective on Globalization. Boston: Boston: Rowman and Little Field publishers. Scot Scott, t, James James.. 200 2005. 5.  Inferring Meaning : Signi Signific fican antt Plot Plot Deta Details ils.. Germ Germany any:: Prestwick House. Sim, Stuart. 2008. Memahami Teori Kritis Kritis. Yogyakarta: Resist Book. Soedjatmiko, Soedjatmiko, Haryanto. Haryanto. 2008. Saya Yogyakarta: Saya Berbel Berbelanj anja a Maka Maka Saya Saya Ada. Yogyakarta: Jalasutera. Storey, Storey, John John.. 2007. Cult Yogyakarta: ta: Cultur ural al Stud Studie iess dan dan Kaji Kajian an Buda Budaya ya Pop Pop . Yogyakar Jalasutera. Sutrisno, Mudji; Putranto, Hendar. 2005. Teori-Teori Kebudayaan . Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Thompson J, Milburn. 2003.  Justice and Peace: A Christian Primer . New York: Orbis Books. Internet

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“Plot

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> “Overview of the Industrial Revolution”. Kelly, Martin. 2011. Downloaded May 10, 2011.

DVD

P.J Hogan. 2009. Confessions of a Shopaholic. Touchstone Picture: America.

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