Construcción de un visor de ShapeFiles con QGIS y Python

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J`ixqn >/ Z`{fq ch [mnuhj`dh{ n qhnd`wnq/

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Unqn ufchq nkkhchq qîu`cnlhosh n l`{ cnsf{ h{unk`ndh{$ {`o shohq ~xh knqinq df{ uqfiqnln{ x{xndh{$ ~xh uxhcho kfo{xl`q qhkxq{f{ `oohkh{nq`f{ ho fuhqnk`foh{ {`ludh{ ch kfo{xdsn/ Unqn nuqhochq n hludhnq p n `oshiqnq `oshiqnq dn{ jnk`d`cnch{ jnk`d`cnch{ ~xh uqh{hosno lxkmf{ ch df{ df{ uqfp uqfphk hksf sf{{ ch j`df j`df{f {fjì jìn n d`aq d`aqh$ h$ chlf chlf{s {sqn qnoc ocf f n{ì n{ì ~xh ~xh hd uq`o uq`ok` k`un undd fa{s fa{sîk îkxd xdf f ho dn `lud `ludhl hlho hosn snk` k`ûo ûo ch h{sn h{sn{{ mhqq mhqqnl nl`h `hos osn{ n{ h{ oxh{ oxh{sq sqf f ch{kfofk`l`hosf p of {x{ d`l`snk`foh{ jxok`fondh{/

¶^xà s`uf ch nud`knk`ûo {h zn n ihohqnq6 [hi÷o Cno`hd U/ Nlh{$ ~x`ho h{sî n knqif chd ch{nqqfddf ch kflufohosh{ ch [`{shln{ ch @ojfqlnk`ûo Ihfiqîj`kn -[@I ) ho hd uqfphksf LnuY`ocfy>$ h}`{sho sqh{ s`uf{ ch h{khonq`f{ unqn ch{nqqfddnq {fjsynqh [@I7 Ch{nqqfddf ch h}sho{`foh{ p  udxi,`o{ ~xh niqhino jxok`fond`cnch{ n {fjsynqh [@I h}`{shosh ho hd h{kq`sfq`f/ 1/ Ch{nqqfddf ch mhqqnl`hosn{ yha ch z`{xnd`wnk`ûo p ihohqnk`ûo ch lnun{/ ;/ Ch{nqqfddf ch nud`knk`foh{ `ochuhoc`hosh{ ho hd h{kq`sfq`f hludhnocf kflufohosh{ [@I uqfiqnlnadh{/ >/

Oxh{sqf z`{fq ch cnsf{ h{unk`ndh{ ho jfqlnsf zhksfq`nd {hqî xon nud`knk`ûo `ochuhoc`hosh ho hd h{kq`sfq`f$ hludhnocf dn{ d`aqhqìn{ chd uqfphksf ^xnosxl I@[1 ~xh {hqz`qîo kflf kflufohosh{ [@I uqfiqnlnadh{/

¶^xà mhqqnl`hosn{ ch {fjsynqh {h qh~x`hqho6 

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[`{shln{ Fuhqns`zf7 IOX&D`ox}  -Kfo ndixof{ ngx{sh{ uxhch hludhnq{h ho Y`ocfy{ ]U f Lnk F[ ] ) Dhoixngh ch Uqfiqnlnk`ûo 7 Upsmfo -D`khok`n7 Kfluns`adh kfo IOX&IUD) Lnqkf Lxds`udnsnjfqln ch Ch{nqqfddf ch Nud`knk`foh{7 ^s  3/3/ -D`khok`n;7 Cxnd$ IOX&IUD p Kflhqk`nd) p {x mhqqnl`hosn iqîj`kn ^s Ch{`iohq / Upsmfo A`oc`oi{ 7 Up^I@[ -D`khok`n7 IOX&IUD) p Up^s3 -D`khok`n7 Cxnd$ IOX&  IUD p Kflhqk`nd)/ D`aqhqìn{ [@I 7 ^xnosxl I@[ -D`khok`n7 IOX&IUD)

Upsmfo Upsmfo h{ xo dhoixngh ch uqfiqnlnk`ûo `oshquqhsncf$ lxds`udnsnjfqln p fq`hosncf

n faghsf{ kqhncf n uq`ok`u`f{ ch df{ nþf{ 05/ [h knqnkshq`wn ufq shohq xon {`osn}`{ kdnqn -~xh cn axhon dhi`a`d`cnc nd kûc`if)$ ufq shohq s`uncf c`oîl`kf -of h{ ohkh{nq`f chkdnqnq hd s`uf ch dn{ znq`nadh{) p ufq {hq jxhqshlhosh s`uncf -of {h uxhch sqnsnq xon znq`nadh kflf {` jxhqn ch xo s`uf c`{s`osf nd ~xh s`hoh)/ Upsmfo h{ xo dhoixngh lxp ufshosh ~xh mn `okxq{`foncf ho lxkmf{ knluf{$

kflf ufq hghludf hd ch df{ uqfiqnln{ [@I$ cfsnocf ch {hok`ddhw hd ch{nqqfddf ch jxok`fond`cnch{ p udxi,`o{/ Df{ dhoixngh{ ch uqfiqnlnk`ûo `oshquqhsncf{ {fo lî{ dhosf{ ~xh df{ kflu`dncf{ cha`cf n ~xh xo `osàquqhsh chah sqncxk`q hd {kq`us  kncn zhw ~xh h{sh {h hghkxsn/ [`o hlanqif$ Upsmfo lnohgn xo lhkno`{lf {`l`dnq nd ch  Gnzn$ un{nocf hd kûc`if jxhosh n xo kûc`if `oshqlhc`f unqn ~xh h{sh {hn hd ~xh {h hghkxsh nosh kxnd~x`hq ddnlncf uf{shq`fq/3

Ho jhaqhqf ch 1550 {h dnowû dn zhq{`ûo ;/5 ch Upsmfo/ H{sn zhq{`ûo h{ `okfluns`adh mnk`n nsqî{ ufq df ~xh df{ ch{nqqfddf{ kfo dn{ zhq{`foh{ 1/} of ufcqîo kfqqhq ho dn oxhzn/ Kxnocf {hn fufqsxof mnkhqdf -nmfqn of df h{ uxh{ dn{ d`aqhqìn{ ohkh{nq`n{ of h{sîo l`iqncn{) nksxnd`wnqà h{sh nqsìkxdf unqn ~xh {hn kfluns`adh chd sfcf kfo dn zhq{`ûo ;/5/ Ho sfcf kn{f$ h{f {hqî lî{ nchdnosh uxh{ hd uqfkh{f ch l`iqnk`ûo chd nocnl`ngh ch d`aqhqìn{ uxhch sflnq lh{h{/

^s p ^s Ch{`iohq ^s h{ xo lnqkf lxds`udnsnjfqln unqn hd ch{nqqfddf ch nud`knk`foh{/ H{sî h{kq`sf ho K""/ [h knqnkshq`wn ufq~xh uhql`sh ~xh df{ uqfphksf{ kflu`dncf{ {hno hghkxsncf{ ho c`zhq{n{ udnsnjfqln{ kflf IOX&D`ox} $ Lnk F[ ] $ Y`ocfy{ p Y`ocfy{ KH/ ^s uqfzhh kdn{h{ unqn hd lnohgf ch hdhlhosf{ ch `oshqjnw iqîj`kn ch

x{xnq`f ~xh {fo xs`d`wncf{ ufq l÷ds`udh{ nud`knk`foh{$ kflf ufq hghludf$ hd z`qsxnd`wncfq Z`qsxndAf} / ^s Ch{`iohq  h{ xon mhqqnl`hosn unqn c`{hþnq p kfo{sqx`q `oshqjnkh{ iqîj`kn{ ch x{xnq`f -IX@) n unqs`q ch kflufohosh{ ch ^s /

Ho lnqwf ch 1550 {h dnowû dn zhq{`ûo 3/8 ch ^s/ Kxnocf {hn fufqsxof nksxnd`wnqà h{sh cfkxlhosf unqn ~xh jxok`foh kfo dn oxhzn zhq{`ûo/

Up^I@[ p Up^s Xon ch dn{ iqnoch{ ufshok`nd`cnch{ ch Upsmfo h{ {x knunk`cnc unqn sflnq d`aqhqìn{ h}`{shosh{$ h{kq`sn{ ho K p K""$ p mnkhqdn{ c`{ufo`adh{ kflf lûcxdf{ ch h}sho{`ûo/ H{sf{ lûcxdf{ ch h}sho{`ûo {fo kfofk`cf{ kflf A`oc`oi{ unqn dn d`aqhqìn8/ Ufq hghludf$ ^xnosxl I@[ h{sî h{kq`sf ho K""$ uhqf uqfzhh df{ a`oc`oi{ -Up^I@[) ~xh uhql`sho ch{nqqfddnq nud`knk`foh{ `ochuhoc`hosh{ ch h{kq`sfq`f p  udxi,`o{ unqn ^xnosxl I@[ hludhnocf Upsmfo/ Unqn hd ch{nqqfddf chd z`{fq ch [mnuhj`dh{ {h hludhnqîo df{ {`ix`hosh{ a`oc`oi{7 ‡

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Up^s37 A`oc`oi{ unqn ^s3/ Uhql`sho mnkhq x{f ch iqno unqsh ch dn{ kdn{h{ p faghsf{ ch `oshqjnw ch x{xnq`f chd uqfphksf ^s3 ch{ch Upsmfo/ S`hoh d`khok`n cxnd$ kflf ^s$ h{ chk`q$ s`hoh xon zhq{`ûo IUD p xon zhq{`ûo kflhqk`nd ~xh uhql`sh khqqnq df{ ch{nqqfddf{/ Up^I@[7 A`oc`oi{ unqn ^I@[/ Df{ uqfzhh hd uqfphksf ^xnosxl I@[ ch{ch {x zhq{`ûo 5/0 ho {hus`hlaqh ch 1559/ [hi÷o Lnqs`o Cfa`n{$ ch{nqqfddncfq chd lhok`foncf uqfiqnln unqn [@I$ Up^I@[ h{ xo 00( `càos`kf n dn @oshqjnw ch Uqfiqnlnk`ûo ch Nud`knk`foh{ - NU@) ho K""/ Up^I@[ h{sî `okfqufqncf ho hd `o{sndncfq ch ^I@[ >/5/

Dn NU@ ch ^xnosxl I@[ Hd uqfphksf ^xnosxl I@[ of {fdf {h mn hojfkncf ho uqfzhhq xon nud`knk`ûo ch h{kq`sfq`f unqn [@I$ {`of ~xh snla`ào uqhshoch c`{ufohq d`aqhqìn{ [@I unqn {hq hludhncn{ ho dn hdnafqnk`ûo ch nud`knk`foh{ `ochuhoc`hosh{ ho hd h{kq`sfq`f$ kflf h{ hd kn{f ch h{sh z`{fq ch [mnuhj`dh{$ p ho hd ch{nqqfddf ch udxi,`o{/ Dn{ d`aqhqìn{ [@I ch ^xnosxl I@[ {fo xo kfogxosf ch kdn{h{ ho K"" ~xh uhql`sho nkkhchq p lno`uxdnq df{ faghsf{ h{unk`ndh{ ~xh xo uqfiqnln [@I ohkh{`sn/ Dn{ d`aqhqìn{ {fo7 ‡ ‡

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Kfqh -O÷kdhf)7 Kfos`hoh dn{ jxok`fond`cnch{ [@I/ Ix`7 H{sî kfo{sqx`cn {faqh dn d`aqhqìn Kfqh/ Kfos`hoh kfosqfdh{ qhx{nadh{ unqn dn `oshqjnw ch x{xnq`f kflf ufq hghludf hd Lnu Knozn{$ dn qhi`ûo ho dn kxnd {h ch{ud`hin p lno`uxdn hd lnun/ LnuKfluf{hq -Ihohqnk`ûo ch Lnun{)7 Kfos`hoh jxok`fond`cnch{ unqn ihohqnq {nd`cn{ iqîj`kn{/

^xnosxl I@[ uqfzhh ch{ch dn zhq{`ûo >/5$ dnowncn ho c`k`hlaqh ch 155=$ xon NU@

h{snadh p kfluns`adh mnk`n nsqî{$ h{sf `lud`kn ~xh df{ ch{nqqfddncfqh{ s`hoho dn khqshwn ~xh nd hludhnq dn zhq{`ûo >/5 of shocqîo uqfadhln{ ch kfluns`a`d`cnc kfo jxsxqf{ dnownl`hosf{/

Unqn kflhownq/// Unqn kflhownq dn kfo{sqxkk`ûo chd z`{fq$ chahlf{ `o{sndnq hd {fjsynqh qh~xhq`cf/ Ho h{sh cfkxlhosf lhok`fonlf{ dn lnohqn ch `o{sndnq hd {fjsynqh ho dn c`{sq`axk`ûo Xaxosx D`ox} $ unqn fsqn{ c`{sq`axk`foh{ uxhch mnkhq{h x{f ch kflnocf{ {`l`dnqh{ f chd ih{sfq ch ch{knqin{ kfqqh{ufoc`hosh/ Unqn Y`ocfy{ uxhch xs`d`wnq{h hd un~xhsh F[Ihf3Y : p mnkhq x{f chd `o{sndncfq fj`k`nd ch Up^s39/

@o{sndnk`ûo ho Xaxosx D`ox} H{sn `o{sndnk`ûo {h ddhzn n knaf ho Xaxosx D`ox}  zhq{`ûo  Gnxosp  -0/53)$ ho sfcf kn{f uxhch {hqz`qsh {` s`hoh{ xon zhq{`ûo lî{ nos`ixn$ {fdf knla`n{ hd  gnxosp  ufq `osqhu`c -=/>5)$ mnqcp -=/53) f ixs{p -9/>5) ho hd uq`lhq un{f/ >/ Niqhinq nd nqkm`zf &hsk&nus&{fxqkh{/d`{s df{ qhuf{`sfq`f{ unqn ch{knqinq ^I@[7 cha¥mssu7&&uun/dnxokmunc/ohs&~i`{&xo{snadh&xaxosx¥gnxosp¥ln`o cha¬{qk¥mssu7&&uun/dnxokmunc/ohs&~i`{&xo{snadh&xaxosx¥gnxosp¥ln`o

1/ Nksxnd`wnq dn d`{sn ch un~xhsh{ chd ih{sfq ch ch{knqin{ -ch{ch dn shql`ond)7 {xcf¥nus¬ihs¥xucnsh

;/ @o{sndnq df{ uqfiqnln{ ohkh{nq`f{ -ch{ch dn shql`ond)7 {xcf¥nus¬ihs¥`o{sndd¥up~s3¬chz¬sffd{¥upsmfo¥upsmfo¬~s3¥~s3¬ch{`iohq¥~i`{¥

Nmfqn shohlf{ `o{sndncf hd {fjsynqh ~xh ohkh{`snlf{$ hd {`ix`hosh un{f h{ kqhnq xon knquhsn ho oxh{sqf c`{kf cxqf unqn ixnqcnq nddì df{ nqkm`zf{ chd z`{fq ch [mnuhj`dh{/ Ufq hghludf7 &mflh&ihqlno&z`{fqV{mnuhj`dh{V~i`{&

H{sn {hqî dn knquhsn ho dn ~xh ndlnkhonqhlf{ sfcf{ df{ nqkm`zf{ ~xh znlf{ n kqhnq n kfos`oxnk`ûo/

Uqfanocf dn{ d`aqhqìn{ Nosh{ ch `o`k`nq h{ axhof n{hixqnqof{ ~xh ufchlf{ x{nq dn{ d`aqhqìn{ ch Up^s3 p Up^I@[ ho Upsmfo f ch df kfosqnq`f ufchlf{ shohq ndixof{ uhqknokh{/ Naq`lf{ xon shql`ond unqn j`gnq xon znq`nadh ch hosfqof -UPSMFOUNSM) ~xh dh c`in n Upsmfo cûoch hokfosqnq df{ a`oc`oi{ ch ^I@[/ Shkdhnlf{ ho dn shql`ond hd {`ix`hosh kflnocf7 h}ufqs¥UPSMFOUNSM<&x{q&{mnqh&~i`{&upsmfo

Cfoch &x{q&{mnqh&~i`{&upsmfo h{ dn qxsn n df{ a`oc`oi{ ch ^I@[/ H{sn h{ dn knquhsn ho cfoch {h `o{sndno ufq chjhksf uhqf uxhcho hokfosqnq{h ho fsqn$ chuhoc`hocf chd uqfkh{f ch `o{sndnk`ûo/ Ho Y`ocfy{ {h chah x{nq hd kflnocf {hs ch{ch xon shql`ond$ n{ì7 {hs¥UPSMFOUNSM<“K7TNqkm`zf{¥ch¥uqfiqnlnT~i`{Tupsmfo“

F {x kfqqh{ufoc`hosh qxsn/ Ch{uxà{ ch chj`o`q dn znq`nadh ch hosfqof UPSMFOUNSM$ naq`lf{ xon kfo{fdn ch Upsmfo p shkdhnlf{ dn{ {`ix`hosh{ dìohn{7 `lufqs¥Up^s3/^sKfqh `lufqs¥Up^s3/^sIx`¥ `lufqs¥~i`{/kfqh¥¥¥ `lufqs¥~i`{/ix`¥¥¥¥

Chahlf{ fashohq ndif kflf h{sf7

J`ixqn 1/ Kfo{fdn ch Upsmfo/

[` {h fas`hoho hqqfqh{ h{ uf{`adh ~xh dn znq`nadh ch hosfqof UPSMFOUNSM of h{sà kfqqhksnlhosh chj`o`cn ufq df kxnd shocqìnlf{ ~xh qhz`{nq dn qxsn n df{ a`oc`oi{ ch ^I@[/ Nmfqn ufchlf{ uqfkhchq n kqhnq dn `oshqjnw unqn hd z`{fq ch [mnuhj`dh{/

Kqhnocf dn `oshqjnw chd z`{fq Unqn kqhnq dn `oshqjnw chd z`{fq ch [mnuhj`dh{ xs`d`wnqhlf{ hd uqfiqnln ^s  Ch{`iohq / Unqn naq`q hd uqfiqnln ufchlf{ shkdhnq RNds " J1\ p h{kq`a`q ch{`iohq / [h naqh xo c`îdfif unqn hdhi`q hd s`uf ch uqfphksf n c`{hþnq/ Hdhi`lf{ Ln`o Jfql -Jfqln Uq`ok`und) p cnlf{ kd`kb ho hd afsûo Kqhnsh/

J`ixqn ;/ C`îdfif Ohy Jfql/

[` hd c`îdfif Ohy Jfql of {h naqh ch jfqln nxsflîs`kn ufchlf{ shkdhnq RKsqd " O\ unqn ch{udhinqdf/

^s ch{`iohq  s`hoh ufq chjhksf xon `oshqjnw an{ncn ho l÷ds`udh{ zhosnon{$ {` df

~xhqhlf{$ ufchlf{ knla`nq n xon `oshqjnw ch xon {fdn zhosnon unqn jnk`d`snq dn z`{xnd`wnk`ûo/ Unqn hddf znlf{ nd lho÷ Hc`s $ n dn fuk`ûo Uqhjhqhokh{ p ho dn zhosnon ~xh {h naqh {hdhkk`fonlf{ Cfkbhc Y`ocfy kflf Lfcf ch @oshqjnw ch X{xnq`f/ Ho dn {hkk`ûo ch mhqqnl`hosn{ -ho dn unqsh `w~x`hqcn ch dn `oshqjnw) znlf{ nd unohd Kfosn`ohq{ p nqqn{sqnlf{ xo lnqkf -Jqnlh) n dn zhosnon ho cfoch nunqhkh dn jfqln uq`ok`und7

J`ixqn 3/ Unohd Kfosn`ohq{ ho ^s ch{`iohq  -@w~x`hqcn)/ Jfqln uq`ok`und kfo lnqkf-Chqhkmn)/

Hd lnqkf -Jqnlh) h{ hd dxinq ch dn `oshqjnw ho cfoch h{snqî hd lnun/ Cnlf{ kd`kb  ho ndi÷o dxinq ch dn zhosnon Jfqln Uq`ok`und unqn ~x`snq dn {hdhkk`ûo chd lnqkf niqhincf p shkdhnlf{ RKsqd " J8\ unqn c`{ufohq df{ kfosqfdh{ ho xon iq`ddn -Dnp Fxs `o n iq`c)$ kfo h{sf$ hd lnqkf {h ngx{sn nxsflîs`knlhosh n dn h}sho{`ûo ch dn zhosnon/ Ixnqcnlf{ hd nqkm`zf kfo hd oflaqh z`{fqV{mnuhj`dh{/x` ho dn knquhsn &mflh&ihqlno&z`{fqV{mnuhj`dh{V~i`{

Hd nqkm`zf ixnqcncf h{sî kfluxh{sf ch hs`~xhsn{/ [`o hlanqif$ ohkh{`snlf{ xo nqkm`zf ch upsmfo ~xh {h hoknqixh ch kfo{sqx`q dn `oshqjnw/ Unqn hddf h}`{sh dn mhqqnl`hosn  upx`k3$ ch Up^s3/ Hghkxsnlf{ hd {`ix`hosh kflnocf ho xon shql`ond ch{ch dn knquhsn kqhncn unqn hd z`{fq7 upx`k3¥¬f¥ z`{fqV{mnuhj`dh{ Vx`/up¥ z`{fqV{mnuhj`dh{ /x`

Kfo h{sf {h kqhn hd nqkm`zf z`{fqV{mnuhj`dh{Vx`/up

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