CONNECTORS, CONNECTOR S, LINKERS & CONJUNCTIONS EXERCISES In the next sentences, you can only use these connectors: SO THT, THT, S LON! S, "HILE, UNTIL, UNTI L, S I#
You You can come to the meeting as long as you don't say anything. I'm not leaving until I get an apology from you. I came here so that you could give me an explanation. Bob is very tall while Bill is very short. You You look as if you've seen a ghost. I refuse to pay anything until you do the work properly. I'm going shopping for food this evening so that I don't have to go at the weekend. You You look as if you haven't eaten for a week. I came early so that I could talk to you privately. While I don't think she's perfect for the job she's certainly better !ualified than "teve. I don't mind if you go out for lunch as long as you're back for the meeting at two. #re you $%& You You look as if you have a problem. While the job is very interesting it's also very badly paid. We'll go to the mountains on "aturday as long as it doesn't rain. he winters here are very cold while whi le the summers are very hot. You You can write the report when you want as long as it's ready by the end of the month. It looks as if the government has got a lot of problems. I want (ary to be in charge until I get back from holiday. While I don't approve of what you did I'm not going to punish you for it. I'm learning )nglish so that I can get a better job. In the next sentences, you can only use these connectors: $E#ORE, $ECUSE, SINCE, UNTIL, $UT, "HEN, LTHOU!H
he girls were picking flowers. I saw them this afternoon. he girls were picking flowers when I saw them this afternoon I finished my homework. I went out to play. I finished my homework before I went out to play *e told me that he had got a good mark in his )nglish test. It wasn't true. *e told me that he had got a good mark in his )nglish test but it wasn't true. It was a long way to drive. It was worth it. It was a long way to drive but it was worth it. +ane still eats )nglish sausages. ,eople say -erman sausages taste better.
+ane still eats )nglish sausages although people say -erman sausages taste better. (ost )nglish children take a packed lunch to school with them. )nglish school dinners aren't very good. (ost )nglish children take a packed lunch to school with them because )nglish school dinners aren't very good. enise has been much happier. *er parents got married again last week. enise has been much happier since her parents got married again last week. he room was really dark. hey turned the light on. he room was really dark until they turned the light on. In the next sentences, you can only use these connectors: %OREOER, NEERTHELESS, THUS ,rofits have increased over the past months thus we start the new year in a strong financial position. ,rofits have increased over the past months nevertheless we are not in a strong financial position. ,rofits have increased over the past months/ moreover we have increased our share of the market. he number of these endangered animals has multiplied over the last ten years thus there is no reason for increased protection. he number of these endangered animals has multiplied over the last ten years moreover they are living longer and in better health. he number of these endangered animals has multiplied over the last ten years nevertheless there are good reasons for continuing their protection. In the developing world salaries are low thus goods cannot always be produced more cheaply. In developing countries salaries are low/ moreover strikes are rare. In the developing world salaries are low/ nevertheless goods can be produced more cheaply. In the next sentences, you can only use these connectors: $ECUSE, $ECUSE O#
We stopped playing tennis because of the rain It was all because of her that we got into trouble We had to hurry indoors because it was raining I am late because of the traffic We didn't arrive until seven o'clock because the traffic was terrible "he found the exam easy because she had worked hard during the course
*e can't drive because of his illness he restaurant closed down because of the recession *e found working in +apan very difficult because of the language problem hey moved to 0iverpool because of her job here have been a lot of problems in Britain because of mad cow disease hey came to 0ondon because he got a job there In the next sentences, you can only use these connectors: SO, SO THT, LTHOU!H, "HEN, SINCE
I need an office to myself so that I can get some work done. Write it down so that you don't forget. I need to get to work early so that I can finish the report before the meeting. I'll tell her when I see her. "ince you left the atmosphere in the office has not been as nice. #lthough he was the best !ualified candidate he didn't get the job. *e is learning )nglish so that he can get a better and more interesting job. When you think of all the people who could have got the job it seems ridiculous that he was chosen. I'm going to buy a new Beetle although I do think they are over1priced. When you're next in 2hicago give me a call. "ince you already know (ary you should go to meet her at the airport. #lthough we would like to open a branch in $xford now we will probably wait for another year or so. he job is badly paid so I'm looking for another one. I hate living in 0ondon although I'm moving to the country. I don't know him very well although I have met him socially on a couple of occasions. I don't know when I'll be back. I haven't seen her since last "ummer. "ince we have so much to do let's delay discussing this until our next meeting. We're not making much profit so we need to raise our prices. he exercise was boring so I stopped. In the next sentences, you can only use these connectors: SINCE, SO THT, SO, "HERE, "HEN, LTHOU!H, N', OR, $UT
I need to work hard so that I can pass the exam. #lthough he was the best candidate he didn't win the elections. When you come back from your trip we'll meet to discuss the problem. hey said that the movie was fantastic so I watched it.
#lthough he was very ill he didn't take any medicine. I don't know where I can buy a pair of jeans. "he went to the shops but couldn't find anything that could fit her needs. )verybody likes him because he is nice and helpful. #lthough he was angry with her he didn't utter a word. %eep !uiet or go out. In the next sentences, you can only use these connectors: SO, $ECUSE
It was cold so I shut the window. he door was open so I closed it. "he doesn't like him because he isn't honest. It was raining so I took a taxi. he water wasn't clean so we didn't swim. We didn't swim because the water wasn't clean. I'll be home late tonight because I have to work late. I'm tired today because I couldn't sleep last night. "he !uit her job so she is looking for a new one now. We walked home because there were no more buses. I closed the window because it was cold. Choose the correct connector (n the )ollo*(n+ stateents It (s sno*(n+ to-ay .. there are no /uses an- I can0t coe to school because but so whereas n-rea *atche- the )oot/all atch ....... her country0s tea *as 1lay(n+2 so but because whereas The En+lan- tea *on the atch ........ the other tea ha- 3ery +oo- 1layers2 so but because although In classroo ! *e ha3e a 3(e* o) the roa- ....... (n classroo E *e ha3e a 3(e* o) the +ar-en2 so because whereas that's why %arco *rote h(s hoe*or4 3ery 5u(c4ly ... he -(-n0t a4e any (sta4es2 so but because that's why It (s Sun-ay to-ay2 .......... the school (s close-2 but because whereas that's why %ar(a (s only )ourteen years ol- .. she (sn0t allo*e- to +o (nto the 1u/2 6The (n(u a+e (s e(+hteen27 so but because although 8eter -(-n0t eat anyth(n+ at the 1arty ........ he *as 3ery hun+ry2 so whereas because although $r(stol has t*o )oot/all sta-(us ....... $ath has a ru+/y sta-(u2 so because whereas that's why
....... the S1an(sh tea *on the atch, all the S1an(sh stu-ents *ere ha11y2 so because that's why whereas It0s 3ery sunny to-ay2 .......... I0 *ear(n+ sun+lasses2 because but whereas that's why ........ the test *as 3ery -())(cult, all the stu-ents +ot one hun-re- 1ercent2 because but although that's why She -oesn0t lo3e h(2 ................, she st(ll (s *(th h(2 as a conse!uence although however whereas ................ Jane le)t school, she *ent to un(3ers(ty2 after since whenever until It0s (1ortant to /e e-ucate- no*a-ays ................+et a +oo- 9o/2 so since in order to so that I -(-n0t so4e................ I *ent to h(+h school2 when once although until I l(4e %(4e2 He0s a /(t stran+e................ though although therefore whereas ................she real(e- To *as cheat(n+ on her, she le)t h(2 while as soon as before however He *or4e- 3ery har-2 ................he *(ns all races no*2 though therefore however because ................you ha3e learne- En+l(sh, (t *(ll /e eas(er )or you to +et a 9o/2 whenever however once while ................ I *as tal4(n+ to a )r(en-, y -o+ *as chas(n+ a cat2 while although before once ;ou ha3e to eat your lunch ................I *on0t let you 1lay *(th other 4(-s2 and so therefore or ....... /e(n+ 3ery r(ch, he ne3er sho*s o))2 other than instead despite otherwise I a not )eel(n+ *ell, .............I *(ll coe to the 1arty2 because since however unless ............. I ha- y lunch, I -(-n
...........y other *as slee1(n+, I 1re1are- tea on y o*n2 as besides unless despite He a1olo+(se- ....... h(s /a- /eha3(or2 for since because as He *as sat(s)(e- ........ not o3er9oye-2 yet as but still ........... h(s s(ster, he (s 3ery nau+hty2 likely unlike similar differently )ter onths o) stu-y(n+ har-, %ar(a ............ 1asse- her C#C exa2 initially conse!uently therefore finally ............ (t (s 3ery col- there, *e ha3e 1ost1one- our 3(s(t2 since due to yet because of $r(+(tte 4no*s #rench> .............., *e ha3e selecte- her to hea- our o1erat(ons (n #rance2 therefore moreover otherwise provided %ohan *or4e- 3ery s(ncerely an- *as .............. 1roote-2 yet although besides conse!uently ............ y )a(ly, I *(ll also (n3(te y close )r(en-s on y ann(3ersary2 aside besides despite provided ... he *or4e- har- all year lon+, he *asn
............... sen-(n+ e3eryone the sae ea(l, John co1ose- a se1arate ea(l )or each o) h(s )r(en-s2 if only unless rather than ....... she coes, I *(ll not tal4 to her2 even if although because ................ you coe *(th e, I *(ll not +o2 although whereas unless ................ you ha3e tol- e your nae, I *(ll tell you (ne2 although since even if .............. he -(-n0t 4no* *hat to say, he sa(- noth(n+2 because unless though .............. he cae (nto the roo, e3eryone loo4e- at h(2 although when whereas ................ the +uar- *as slee1(n+, the 1r(soners esca1e-2 although while unless ................ she *atches that o3(e, she cr(es2 whatever because whenever ................ he cla(s that he (s (nnocent, e3eryone 4no*s he (s +u(lty2 while now that in order that ................ you0re here, I0 +o(n+ to tell you a secret2 whereas now that in order ................ you l(4e h( 1ersonally, you ha3e to a+ree that he0s -one a lot )or the co1any2 if only rather than whether or not ................ I 1re)er to l(3e (n an a1artent, y *()e *ants to /uy a house2 until whereas because ................ I ha- seen that o3(e three t(es, I *atche- (t a+a(n2 although whereas unless ................ you alrea-y 4no* the ans*er, *hy are you as4(n+ e? although since whereas ................ you +o to the /each, call your /rother2 because although before ................ +(3(n+ the oney to y s(ster, I +a3e (t to y cous(ns2 though rather than whereas .............. she calls e, I )eel ha11y2 whenever although while ................ the test starts, you *(ll not /e a/le to tal42 whatever once because I *(ll +o to the concert, /ut ........ you +o as *ell2 only if unless only but I /rou+ht alon+ a san-*(ch, ........ I +et hun+ry2 therefore in case only if Ta4e th(s 1hoto, ........ you can ree/er e2 while so that although I *(ll not tal4 to h( ........ he a1olo+(es )or *hat he -(-2 until while because
I0ll )(n- you, ........ you are2 where wherever therefore She s1o4e ........ she 4ne* *hat she *as tal4(n+ a/out, /ut she -(-n0t2 until although as if ........ the 1ol(ce arr(3e-, *e ha- to en- the 1arty2 until once although I coul-n0t )(+ure out ........ he sa(- *hat he sa(-2 why once because I /ou+ht you a /(rth-ay car- ........ I l(4e you2 while because why I -on0t 4no* .........you *ant to eet that la-y2 She0s such a sno/2 that why when He loo4s ......... he *ere s(c4 even if even though as if 3 as though He as4e- ......... he coul- so4e a c(+arette2 whether3if what that He (ns(sts ......... I /e there2 if that as if He 1un(she- the l(ttle /oy ......... ha- 1ut salt (n h(s co))ee2 who which whenever It *as ra(n(n+ har- ......... *e le)t the o))(ce2
where when He0ll ha3e the *or4 -one ......... you arr(3e2 when after
although by the time
......... I *as say(n+, ho* any o) you *ant to atten- the con)erence?
as
so
for
He ust /e r(ch, ......... he s1en-s a lot o) oney on +()ts )or h(s +(rl)r(en-2 but for in order to "e ha3e /een ha3(n+ 1ro/les *(th the heater ......... *e /ou+ht (t2 when while since 3 ever since ......... he sa(- -(- not 1lease us2 that which what I l(4e the car, ......... I /ou+ht (t2 so for even so The 1(cture, ......... (s han+(n+ o3er y /e-, *as 1a(nte- /y an art stu-ent2 which that it Her 1arents *(ll /e 3ery ha11y ......... she 1asses *(th )ly(n+ colours2 so that if though Karen (s r(ch> ........., her cous(n Kate (s 1oor2 therefore however otherwise ;ou0- /etter ta4e a tax(2 ........., you0ll arr(3e late2 conse!uently furthermore otherwise I en9oy rea-(n+ th(s ne* a+a(ne, ........., (t has +oo- art(cles2 nevertheless moreover however Jac4 *asn0t t(re-2 ........., he too4 a na12 otherwise hence nevertheless
8h(l *as not th(rsty> ........., he -ran4 )(3e +lasses o) *ater2 however moreover furthermore The 4(-s -(-n0t stu-y2 ........., they )a(le- the course2 therefore nonetheless otherwise The *eather *as terr(/le2 ........., *e -ec(-e- to -elay our tr(12 furthermore besides therefore ;ou ust /uy the t(c4ets> ........., *e *on0t /e a/le to see the 1lay2 otherwise besides although The ne(+h/orhoo- (sn0t 3ery (nterest(n+2 I l(4e the house .........2 moreover thus though "e l(3e (n the sae /u(l-(n+> ........., *e har-ly see each other2 however therefore furthermore He -(-n0t earn enou+h oney2 ........., h(s *()e -ec(-e- to +et a 9o/2 moreover therefore although That house (sn0t /(+ enou+h )or us, an- ........., (t0s too ex1ens(3e furthermore hence although "e ha3e 1lenty o) oney an- *or4ers> ........., *e ho1e to )(n(sh the house reo-el(n+ soon nevertheless unless thus She0s extreely r(ch> .........the ex1ens(3e car she -r(3es2 hence however though It *as a *(n-y an- ra(ny n(+ht2 ........., I -ec(-e- to +o out2 nevertheless otherwise besides The atch *as cancelle- ......... /a- *eather2 on behalf of due to by reason of due for ......... the 1os(t(on you a11l(e- )or has no* /een )(lle-, *e shall 4ee1 your -eta(ls )or )uture re)erence2 however despite although nevertheless Not only -oes *or4(n+ )ro hoe (ncrease 1ro-uct(3(ty, /ut (t ......... cuts the costs o) o3erhea-s2 e!ually also too likewise I shall /e (n the o))(ce ......... = o0cloc4, /ut a)ter that I0ll /e at hoe2 by for around until The 1rosecut(on tr(e- to 1ro3e the(r case ......... the -e)en-ant *as ac5u(ttethrou+h lac4 o) e3(-ence2 but and yet however 'es1(te nuerous re(n-ers )ro our -e1artent, the /(ll outstan-(n+ hasn0t ......... /een 1a(-2 yet even still it ......... o) )(re, /rea4 the +lass to soun- the alar2 in case in the event of on the occasion of in the eventuality of ......... h(s latest no3el not only 1u/l(she- /ut also a success, %athe* *as )eel(n+ 1retty 1lease- *(th h(sel)2 for with as because ......... you su/(t your -(ssertat(on /e)ore the -ea-l(ne, (t *(ll /e acce1te-2 as soon as as long as as well as as far as
It ay see as () Sean (s tell(n+ the truth, /ut ......... he (s only /lu))(n+2 in fact in effect indeed in essence It (s 1ro/a/ly true to say that, ......... an4(n- ha- 1ro+resse- +ra-ually o3er thousan-s o) years, the @A th century *as a t(e o) oentous an- un1rece-entetechnolo+(cal chan+e2 as where whilst when The /us ha- alrea-y le)t, ......... 8aela ha- to *al4 to *or42 so therefore true as There0s no /us(ness ......... sho*/us(ness2 as such same like It *as only ......... he ha- s(+ne- the contract that he chan+e- h(s (n-2 after before then since No/o-y has seen 'e/orah ......... last n(+ht2 for since by from 8lease *r(te an a11ro1r(ate connector (n the /lan4 s1aces hey stayed at home because it was raining heavily. ,eople cause accidents when they drink and drive. ommy went to his friends 444444444444 he had had lunch. I wanted to help him nevertheless he said he could do it himself. You should know that smoking is bad for your health. 0inda's father always watches 5 after he comes home from work. ommy decided to leave as soon as it was dark outside. We were playing tennis when it started to rain. o you know when he started playing chess& im knew that he will work in his holidays. 6he would work&7 I can't understand why she hasn't phoned yet. hey were very proud when they won. *e didn't know what time they left the party. *e broke his arm because he fell down the tree. "he wanted to open the door nevertheless she couldn't find the key. ell me what you want to know. Is that the story which was written by him& hat's the boy whose mother is in hospital. I don't know where he lives. 8irst it was sunny but it started to rain. o you know if they will drive to "pain next summer holidays& #s soon as the s!uirrel saw me it ran away. I thought that he was ill. We were having dinner when he arrived. *e asked me if he could come to the party. "he learned a lot from her stay in )ngland. Is there anything that we can do for you& hat's my )nglish friend who helped me with my homework. hat's not what I asked for. "he had breakfast and then she left.
I like "ally but I don't like Bob. "he likes her because she is always friendly. hat's the painting that my father bought last year. his is the house where I've lived for 9 years. In the morning I always have coffee and toast. "he is happy because her test is good. In our house lives a man who is a detective. ell me when you can come. *e always thinks that he is so clever. We had dinner watched 5 and then we went to bed. When we arrived he had already gone. hat's the longest test that we have ever written. id you understand why he told you that story& I was not really interested in what he was talking about. Is it the hotel where we stayed last year&
'NCE' LEEL EXERCISE Use one o) the )ollo*(n+ connectors to 1atch u1 the text an- o/ta(n a coherent text2 ean*h(le B also B there)ore B ho*e3er B not only B so )ar B /ut also B /e)ore B as a result B also $russels 8RT I
:ot only in )urope but also in other parts of the world livestock trade and transportation are paralysed by foot1and1mouth disease. 444444444444the )uropean 5eterinary 2ommittee has banned the export of all livestock from 8rance and fresh meat and dairy products from 8rance's (ayenne department to other member states of the ;nion444444444444. 444444444444 the Belgian expert of the )uropean 5eterinary 2ommittee pleaded on 5< television for the destruction of all sheep imported into Belgium from 8rance during the past few weeks. he (inistry for #griculture444444444444 said this action would be premature. he expert 444444444444criticised 8rench authorities for waiting too long444444444444 they intervened. 444444444444 strict border checks have been established at 8rench borders. ,olice are444444444444 patrolling secondary roads.
u(te o/3(ously B also D L(4e*(se B On to1 o) th(s B conse5uently D )ollo*(n+ B In turn B S(ultaneously B (t (+ht /e sens(/le to B also $russels 8RT II he )uropean ;nion has4444444444444444 banned meat imports from #rgentina4444444444444444 reports of foot1and1mouth disease in that country. 4444444444444444 the ;nited "tates has banned all imports of meat and derived products from )urope. 0ivestock and meat products imported since 8ebruary => have 4444444444444444been put under !uarantine for analysis. 4444444444444444 stringent measures have been taken at ;" airports.4444444444444444 ); representation in Washington claims to be surprised at the far1reaching measures. 4444444444444444 2anada has4444444444444444 banned the import of meat and other farming produce from )urope. 4444444444444444 foot1and1mouth panic is spreading though )urope and may trigger off huge economic disaster and4444444444444444 start !uestioning the very agricultural methods that are being used. o) course B althou+h B accor-(n+ to B that (s B st(ll B ho*e3er B at the /e+(nn(n+ o) FFG B ne(ther B (n-ee- Bnor Tur4(sh ct(3(st he public prosecutor's office in Brussels wants urkish activist 8ehriye )rdal to be tried in Belgium for the presumed involvement in an attack in Istanbul accor-(n+ to one of )rdal's lawyers. t the /e+(nn(n+ o) FFG an influential urkish industrialist was murdered by an extreme left1wing terrorist organisation. )rdal was soon suspected of being an accomplice in the attack. 8amily members of the murdered businessman have recently filed a complaint against her. he public prosecutor's office is reportedly now in favour of starting another investigation. 44444444444 they believe that the case should be moved to Bruges where there is an ongoing investigation against )rdal for illegal weapons possession. 44444444444 she was formerly ac!uitted in a Belgian court the Belgian (inister of Internal #ffairs had decided to keep her behind bars for national security reasons. Besides the Belgian "tate 2ouncil of +ustice had ruled earlier on she should not be extradited 44444444444 to urkey 44444444444 to a third country and should44444444444 be ac!uitted. 44444444444 the (inister of Internal #ffairs would have insisted on extraditing her to a third country 44444444444 not to urkey 44444444444 and to keep her in prison until then.
*orse st(ll B () B a/o3e all B accor-(n+ly B /ut B *hen B () *e ta4e a closer loo4 B there (s B *h(le B 5u(te un)ortunately s(an "oen 8RT I 444444444444much work to be done to give #sian women the e!uality they deserve. We need social acceptance. We need e!ual chances to be recogni?ed. 444444444444 we need laws to enforce fairness.444444444444 in poor families daughters have few opportunities to study. $nly sons are allowed this privilege. In hailand divorced women have custody of the children 444444444444 are not financially compensated by their fathers as women in )urope and the ;nited "tates. 444444444444 charge of female infidelity brings disastrous social condemnation and legal conse!uences 444444444444 any such action perpetrated by a man is accepted as common practice. 444444444444 these unchecked disadvantages to women have an adverse impact on the fundamental social fabric of any nation where they occur. 444444444444the chain of traditional practices needs to be broken. *ow can children 1 both boys and girls 1 grow up to be contributing resources for their country 44444444444they are not given e!ual chances& *ow can an underdeveloped country advance in the world economy 444444444444more than half its population is excluded from the opportunity to create economic value&
only B th(s (s B or B an- B /y no eans B as B the )(rst ste1 to B o) course B or B *h(le s(an "oen 8RT II 444444444444 I do not advocate that women take over the world. I 444444444444 want to emphasi?e that men and women can and must co1exist in harmony and e!uality everywhere in the world complementing each other for the collective wellbeing of all. 444444444444making this happen is to be aware and acknowledge that many cultures of the world are still far behind the developed nations of the West. ,lease do not jump to the conclusion that I am suggesting women should take up men's behaviours 444444444444act like men 444444444444 look like men. 8ar from it. Women bring their own special style to any situation 444444444444 should 444444444444give up their status and role as women. But 444444444444we are excellent in supportive and nurturing roles to men's pursuits 444444444444 has been demonstrated throughout history we also have strengths that allow us to stand alone and contribute on our own merits possibly for any real progress in our society. 444444444444 the condition that is still so far out of reach for most #sian women. e3entually B hence B /y all eans B an- ost o) all B I *oul- conclu-e that B to 1ut (t (n a nutshell B e(ther B as B or s(an "oen 8RT III 444444444444 conditions today do not allow many women in important roles 444444444444only a few are in the government and very few are in high management positions in 444444444444the public 444444444444or private sectors. 444444444444 e!ual opportunities in that 'man's world' must be worked out 444444444444. o accomplish this ultimate aim around the world all of us need to stand up and work for change. In #sia women need to set an example. We need to pursue more education to
improve women's competitive edge. We definitely need to actively seek out opportunities. We need to be persistent1run for political seats and reach higher ranks in the business and educational world. 444444444444 we need courage to stand up for our own rights. (any of us already know that our effort to carry out a dramatic change has begun 444444444444our achievement is still far away. 444444444444it is time for all of us to join hands in all possible ways to release the power of women worldwide and 444444444444attain the goal of fair and e!ual treatment for women in all cultures. he world has much to gain indeed from such an accomplishment.
