ACI 3 0 1 –Sp –Sp e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r St r uctur uct ur al Concr Concr ete for Buildings A reference reference standard good good for both specifier and contractor contractor
A
CI 301 is a re f e rence standard which the engineer or architect may make applicable to any building project by citing it in the project specifications. He supplements it as needed by designating or specifying individual project requirements.
How ACI ACI 30 1 is used As its introduction explains, e xplains, ACI 301 is incorpora ted into project proje ct specifica spec ification tionss by reference. For example, exa mple, the contract rac t requiremen rem ents ts might mig ht read: rea d: “Concrete ret e work wor k sha s hall ll con form to all re q uirement rem entss of ACI 301-7 30 1-72 2 (Re v is e d 1981) 19 81),, Specif Spe cific icati ations ons for Struc t ural Co ncrete ret e for Buildin gs.” If some part par t of ACI 301 30 1 is not appro p ri a t e, the specifie spec ifierr can state stat e any desired desi red exc eptions. So that the standard is not confused with an earlier standard or an earli e arlier er revis re vision, ion, the t he year yea r the standard stan dard was adopted and the last year it was w as revised must be included w hen re ferencing it. ACI 301 30 1 was adopted as a standard by the Amer ican Co n crete I nstitute nst itute in May Ma y 19 72 and most recently revised in May 1981.
Supplementary requirements briefly added OTHER ACI REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS ACI 301 is a speci fication ficat ion for stru ctural conc rete in buildings. It focuses focus es on o n basic ba sic cast-incast -in-plac place e work w ork and a nd does not deal with wit h speci s pecialty alty concre conc retes. Some other reference specifications specificat ions available from ACI A CI include inc lude the t he follow f ollowing: 503.1-79
Bonding Hardened Concrete, Steel, Wood, Brick, and Other Ma t e rials to Ha rdened Co n crete with a Multi-compone Multi-c omponent nt Epoxy Adhesive
503.2-79 Bonding Plastic Co ncrete to Ha H ardened Co n crete with a Multi-c omponen t Epoxy Adhesive
ACI 301 is not not complete in itself, itself, though. The re requirements that va ry from project to project must be specified. A list l ist o f such requirements i s presented at the t he be ginning ginni ng of ACI 301. 3 01. Two of these requirements must be specified spec ified for all projects: • the strength of the concrete for each portion of the structure • the t he ty pes and grades grade s of re inforcing rcin g steel s teel Other supplemental supplement al re quirements are designated d esignated only when they a pply. pply. Some examples are: the test age of concrete i f other ot her than 28 days; the admixtures that are required or prohibited; prohibit ed; t he types ty pes and strengths s trengths of prepre stressing ress ing stee l; and when whe n reshoring is re quired or perper mitted. It takes the specifier only about three pages to state the th e mand ma ndat ator ory y supp supple leme menta ntarry re quirement s— concrete strength reng th and type of reinforcement— rceme nt—plu pluss those t hose supplesupp lementary requirements remen ts that tha t pertain pert ain to the specific speci fic pro ject. The list of of supplementary supplementary items at the beginning beginning of ACI 301 serves serv es as a checklist; checklist ; each item is keyed ke yed to section numbers in the text.
Notes help contractor At the end of each chapter are notes notes pointing out any item it emss which wh ich re qui re approv app roval al of the th e arc hite ct-e ngi neer or other othe r speci s pecifyin fying g authori aut hori ty. Items such as constru c onstru ction joints not shown on the drawings, proprietary patching agents, or heavy-du ty top pings are among those called calle d out. It is virtually impossible to overlook these sensitive points. They T hey can be found by quick inspect insp ection ion at the end e nd of the chapters instead of having to scan s can the entire document.
What ACI 301 covers
503.4503 .4-79 79 Repairing rin g Concrete ret e with wit h Epoxy ox y Mo rt rtars
This 36-page reference st andard is divided into 18 chapters (see box). Each chapter is further divided into sections and subsections. Decimal numbering makes for easy re ference and shows the relationship rela tionship of topics. topi cs.
336.1-79
End Bearing Drilled Piers
Why reference reference ACI 301 ?
346-81
Cast-in-place Cast-in-place Nonreinforced Co ncrete Pipe
506.2-77
Mat eri al s, Pro portioning, rtionin g, and Application Applicat ion of Shotcrete
The requirements of ACI 301 are st andard sp ecifications, developed through a consensus process and approved by a group grou p of indust indu stry ry pro fessionals. If followe foll owed correctly, these specification spec ificationss will produce quality cons t ruction. With repeated use, they become familiar, not f rightening. The contractor comes to know what the
503.3-79 Producing Prod ucing a Sk id-resistant resist ant Surface rfa ce on o n Co C onc re ret e by t he Use of a Multi-compon Multi-c ompon ent Ep ox y System
531. 53 1.1-7 1-76 6 Concrete rete Ma sonry Co ns truc tion For more informatio n, contact co ntact the American America n Co ncrete In stitute, Box 19150, 19150 , Detroit, Michigan Michi gan 48219. 48219 .
SUBJECTS COVERED IN AACI 301 CHAPTERS 1–GENERAL: Defines certain words used in ACI 301 and lists lists ASTM and other other standards cited in ACI 301.
9 – R EPAIR OF SURFACE DEFECTS: DEFE CTS: How to prepare the surface surfac e and mix mi x grout and a nd patching patchin g compound.
2–MATERIAL ATER IALS S FOR FO R CONCR CON CRET ETE: E: Re ferenc e s ASTM standards standards for for materials materials and tells how how materials ria ls should sho uld be store st ored.
10–FINI 10– FINISHI SHING NG OF FORMED FOR MED SURFA SUR FAC C ES : Methods Methods for a s-cast finishes and rubbed finishes such as grout cleaned or cork floated.
3 – P ROP O RTIONIN RTIO NING: G: Three Thre e method me thodss based bas ed on (1) trial mixes, (2) past field test data, and (3)a chart indica ind icating ting maximum maxi mum water-cem wate r-cement ent ratio, and slump are specified. Chart classifies concrete floors floo rs by use us e and gives give s minim m inimum um stre s trength and maximum slump for each. e ach.
11–SLABS: LAB S: Construction ruc tion of two-cour two- course se slabs and how t o do the followin fol lowing g finis f inishes: hes: scratched, floated, troweled, troweled, broom or belt, dry shake, exposed pose d aggre gate, and non-sli non- slip. p.
4 – FO R MWORK: WOR K: Design Des ign and inst allati on of f o rm w o rk: pre p aratio rat ion n of form fo rm surfa su rface ces; s; removal of o f f orms; and reshoring. Chart lists tolerances anc es for various riou s forme f ormed d surf sur faces.
12–CURING AND PROTECTION: How and how long to cure. Pro tective measure mea suress against aga inst wind and hot or cold temperatures. 13– 13 – ARCHIT ARC HITEC ECTU TURA RAL L CO NC RE TE : L oca ti on of joints joint s and form fo rm ties; form deflections def lections allowe d; and the requirements for pro portioning rtio ning mixes, patc pa tchi hing ng surf su rf ac es, and an d form fo rmii ng arc ar c hi t e c t ural finishes.
5 –R EI NF ORCE ME NT: Co n crete ret e cover cover over ov er rei nforcemen rc ement; t; overla ove rlap p of wire wi re fabr ic re i n f o rc ement; men t; suppo su pport rting ing and an d fasten fas tening ing reinforcement; and tolerances in fabrication rebar placement. ASTM specifications specifications are referenced.
14–MA 14 –MASS SSIVE IVE CO NCRETE: Ma terial, ri al, pro portioning, placing, curing and protection requirements.
6–JOINTS AND EMBEDDED EMBED DED ITEMS: ITEMS : Location Locati on and construction of joints; methods for bonding joint s; type s of e xpansion xpans ion jo int fil ler. Requi rements for waterstops and placing placing embedded items.
15–PRESTRESSED CONCRETE: Definition of pre s t ressing ress ing terms; ter ms; requirements remen ts for fo r tendons ten dons,, an c ho ra g e s, coupl co upling ings, s, sheath she ath ing, ing , and an d gro ut. Methods for placing and protecting tendons, appl ap plyin ying g pre stressi res sing ng forc fo rce, and an d gro uting.
7 – PRODU RO DUCT CTIO ION N OF CO NC R ET E: Re quirere ments ment s for batching batc hing and mixing, mixi ng, for producing lightweight weig ht concre te, and a nd for adding addin g admixture admix tures and mix water. Cites ASTM standards for re a d y mixed concrete and for concrete produced by on-site on- site vol um et ric batch ing and conti nuous mixing.
16–TESTING: Which tests must be made and h ow often to make them. Who makes tests, and who pays for them. them.
8 –PLACING: Method of v ibration, limits on placing pla cing temp era ture a nd pre paration rati on of joints join ts for bonding. bond ing. Gives requirements rement s for f or truck mixers, belt b elt conve c onve yors, chutes, ch utes, and pumping p umping equipequi pment.
stand ard says. He does d oes not have to wade through throug h the t he entire concrete concre te specifica speci fication tion to avoid avo id surpri sur pri ses. Re f e rencing ACI 301 saves the specifier time in wri ting the project specifications. The contractor can become familiar with the standard in advance and also save time. As long lon g as ACI A CI 301 is not rewritten rit ten or retyped, the contractor contr actor can assume assum e he knows the perf orm an c e level required and read only the supplem supp lemental ental requirements and those th ose parts p arts he needs n eeds to re view. On the other hand, if the complete standard st andard were entered into a word w ord processor and neatly printed out in the contract docu-
1 7 –EVA LUATION AND ACC EPTANCE TANC E OF CONCRETE: Variation allowed in concrete test strengths; use u se of in-place in-p lace testing, tes ting, especially especiall y core tests. 18–ACC EPTANCE TANC E OF STRUC ST RUCTU TURE RE:: Di mensional tolerance and appearance necessary. Conditions which might impair the strength of a struc ture. re.
ments, the bidder b idder would still have to reread the materim aterial closely to be certain no changes we re made—by accident or intention. ACI 301 thus saves time for both the specifier spec ifier and the contra ctor, particularly parti cularly when incorp orate ra ted d by re fe re re nc e. Copying the th e standard standa rd is not necessary neces sary anyway. a nyway. Section 1 .6 o f ACI 301 requires the contractor to keep a t least one copy of the ACI the ACI Field Field Reference Manual, Manual, SP-15 SP-15 (81), in his field office at all times. The field manual contains AC I 301 and other o ther selected s elected ACI an d ASTM references. Publi Pub lish shed ed by t he Ameri Ame rica can n Co ncrete ret e Institute,
the manual costs $21.50 to ACI members and $28.50 to nonmembers. ACI also makes mak es copies copi es of ACI 301 suitabl suit able e for binding b inding into project specifications.
How How ACI 301 relates relates t o the ACI 318 Building Building Code Unfortunately some specifie rs incorporate in corporate ACI 318 by re fe rence, instead instea d of o f using ACI 301. This is not good practice. ACI 318, “Buildin “Buil ding g Code Re quirements remen ts for Reinforced Co n c ret e,” is written wri tten so it may be adopted adop ted by reference in a general building code. It i s intended i ntended as public law, not a specification. specification. Though compatible and consistent with ACI 318, AC I 301 is different. While ACI 318 presents minimum requirements for public publ ic safety, ACI 301 presents abovemini mi nimum mum cons co nstr truc uctio tion n re q ui rem e n t s. Fo l l owing owi ng AC I 318 guarantee guara ntee s safe design, des ign, not good constru cons tru cti on. Specifiers Specif iers should shoul d there the refore reference 301, not 318. Referencing enci ng 318 may tend te nd to t o make m ake the contracto contr actorr re sponsible for design questions which should be handled by the architect-engineer.
PUBLICATION PUBLICATION #C830451 Copyright rig ht © 1983, The Aberdeen Group All rights rights re reserved
