Composite Boat Design by Eric Greene

Primary Hull Laminate

PRIORITIZE DESIGN GOALS Strength Stiffness Cosmetics Cost

from Ship Structural Design Concepts by J. Harvey Evans

Primary Hull Laminate CONSTRUCTION Solid or Sandwich One-Off or Production Determine general geometry and construction me method thod


Primary Hull Laminate Comparison of Solid & Sandwich Laminates for Out-of-Plane Loads Hat-Stiffened Solid Laminate 4t 2t

t

Relative Stiffness

100

700

3700

Relative Strength

100

350

925

Relative Weight

100

103

106

Sandwich Laminate

Skin Low Density Core Skin


One-Off Construction Using Wooden Male Plug Production Construction from Female Molds


MATERIAL SELECTION Reinforcement Resin Core


1 REINFORCEMENT Composition Arrchit A ite ectu turre & Thic ick kness Orientation Preliminary selection of constituent materials

Primary Hull Laminate Fiber Composition

Fiber Architecture





RESIN Strength Ultimate Elongation


Comparative Data for Some Thermoset Resin Systems (castings)






CORE Material Density Thickness


Architecture of Honeycomb and Balsa Cores

Comparative Data for Some Sandwich Core Materials




1 REINFORCEMENT Composition Arrchit A ite ectu turre & Thic ick kness Orientation

BULKHEAD SPACING Opti ptim mize transverse and longitudinal spacing based on strength and layout requirements

Preliminary selection of constituent materials


LONGITUDINAL SPACING

DESIGN STANDARDS


Primary Hull Laminate Bulkhead & Longitudinal Spacing Based on Arrangement

Bulkhead & Longitudinal Spacing Based on Design Standards

from ABS 1978 rules for Reinforced Plastic Vessels









DESIGN STANDARDS

Based on regulatory requirements or first principles, develop Section Modulus and Moment of Inertia requirements


SECTION MODULUS MODULUS & MOMENT of INERTIA Hull Girder Bottom Panel

Primary Hull Laminate Hull Girder Loads Bottom Panel Loads









DESIGN STANDARDS



FABRICATION Producibility Material Availability

1

SECTION MODULUS & MOMENT of INERTIA Hull Girder Bottom Panel

Primary Hull Laminate Fabrication Considerations

Impregnator at Westportt Ship Westpor Shipyard yard

SCRIMP Infusion of Alerion 28 at TPI

Preprep Handling at Ron Jones Jones Marine Marine









DESIGN STANDARD STANDARDS S




1


Primary Hull Laminate Determine General Structural Geometry and Construction Method

Class V I S B Y Class

Corvette Under Corvette Under Construction Construction at Kockums Karlskrona Karlskronavarvet varvet in Sweden Sweden



2


Refine ply designation






DESIGN STANDARD STANDARDS S



PRIMARY HULL HULL LAMINATE LAMINATE 2


1


Primary Hull Laminate Refine Primary Hull Laminate and Stringers

Midship Section of 1/2 Scale Corvette Corvette Built by Seemann Composites Composites for NSWCCD

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Con onsider sider lif life-cyc e-cycle le requirements of the vessel to determine expected wave encounter in terms of height and frequency

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Determine In-Service Profile

USCG 47-foot Motor Lif ife eboat

Larson 98 Model 226 LXI Advertis ise ed For Sale le:: “used very lilitttle le””

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Con onsider sider lif life-cyc e-cycle le requirements of the vessel to determine expected wave encounter in terms of height and frequency

DEVELOP DESIGN DESIGN PRESSURE Hull Geometry Vessel Speed In-Service Conditions Design Criteria

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Develop Design Pressure

Pressures Recorded Recorded by He Hellller er and Jasper Jasper on Patrol Craft at 28 Knots

Three-Dimensional Slamming Simulation by Germ Germanische anischerr Lloyd AG AG

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Rule-Based Design Pressure

From ABS From ABS 1978 Rules for Reinforced Reinf orced Plastic Vessels, Vessels, Section 7

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming CONSTRUCTION Solid or Sandwich One-Off or Production

Con onsider sider lif life-cyc e-cycle le requirements of the vessel to determine expected wave encounter in terms of height and frequency


Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Construction Method

Prepreg/Nomex Ho Prepreg/Nomex Honeycom neycomb b Core Construct Construction ion of Hydroplane at Ron Jones Marine

Hand Layup of Solid Laminate Hull at Westp Westport ort Marine


INITIAL MATERIAL SELECTION Reinforcement Resin Core



Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Initial Material Selection Reinforcements Pa ra m e t e r

E -G la s s

C a rb o n

Go od

F a ir

F a ir

E x c e lle n t

Poo r

F a ir

S t a t ic S t re n g th

Go od

Ex cellent Ex

Go od Go

D y n a m ic S tr e n g t h

Go od

Go od

E x c e l le n t Ex

E le v a te d T e m p e ra t u r e P e rfo rm a n c e

Go od

Go od

F a ir

P o ly e s te r

V in y l es t er Vi

E p ox y

W or ka bility

E x c e ll e n t

E xc e llen t

G o od

Cost

E x c e ll e n t

G oo d

S ta tic S tre ng th

F a ir

G oo d

E x c elle n t

D y n a m ic S tre ng th

F a ir

G oo d

G o od

E le v at ed T e m p e ra tur e P e rform a n ce

F a ir

G oo d

G o od

W o r k a b ilit y C o st

K evlar®

Resins P ar am e ter

Fa ir

Cores P a ra m e te r W o rk a b ility Cost S ta tic S tre n g th D y n a m ic S tre n g th E l e v a te d T e m p e r a t u r e P e r f o r m a n c e

B a ls a

PVC Foam

Good

G ood

E x c e ll e n t

G ood

Good

F a ir

F a ir

G ood

Good

Poor



BULKHEAD SPACING Optimize Opti mize transve transverse rse and longitudinal spacing based on strength and layout requirements LONGITUDINAL SPACING

DETERMINE PANEL SIZE DETERMI SIZE As A spect Rati tio os Dimensions Consider end conditions of panel at bulkhead and stiffener attachment points



Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Determine Panel Size

a

b

Bottom Panel Geometry Showing As A spect Rati tio o and End Condit itio ion ns Stress Coefficient as a Function of Panel As A spect Rati tio o fr fro om MARINE COMPOSIT ITE ES





BULKHEAD SPACING Optimize Opti mize transve transverse rse and longitudinal spacing based on strength and layout requirements LONGITUDINAL SPACING


Consider Dynamic versus Static Material Properties

ALLOWABLE LAMINATE AL STRESS In-Plane Interlaminar Shear Membrane Effects

AL A LLOWABLE DEFLECTION Outfitting Considerations Material Strain Limits

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Stresses and Deflections in Panels

Maximum In-Plane Stress in Beams Subject to Bending

Stresses and Deflections due to Membrane Effects

Maximum Shear Stress in Beams Subject to Bending





REINFORCEMENT Composition Arrchit A ite ectu turre & Thic ick kness Orientation

BULKHEAD SPACING Optimize Opti mize transve transverse rse and longitudinal spacing based on strength and layout requirements






AL A LLOWABLE LAMIN INA ATE STRESS

In-Plane Interlaminar Shear Membrane Effects

AL A LLOWABLE DEFLECTION Outfitting Considerations Material Strain Limits

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Refine Material Selection based on Strain Limits

First Ply Failure Based on First Play Critical Strain Limits from the ABS Guide for Building B uilding and Classing High-Speed Craft

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Refine Material Selection based on Stress Limits

Skin Section Modulus Based on Applied Failure Moment from the ABS Guide for Building B uilding and Classing High-Speed Craft




DEVELOP DESIGN PRESSURE Hull Geometry Vessel Speed In-Service Conditions Design Criteria REINFORCEMENT Composition Arrchit A ite ectu turre & Thic ick kness Orientation

BULKHEAD SPACING Optimize Opti mize transve transverse rse and longitudinal spacing based on strength and layout requirements

BOTTOM PANEL LAMINATE



DETERMINE PANEL SIZE

Aspect Rati As tio os Dimensions Consider end conditions of panel at bulkhead and stiffener attachment points



AL A LLOWABLE LAMIN INA ATE STRESS

In-Plane Interlaminar Shear Membrane Effects

AL A LLOWABLE DEFLECTIO ION N

Outfitting Considerations Material Strain Limits

Bottom Panels Subject to Slamming Refine Material Selection based on Stress Limits

Forces Perpendicular to Pane Panell Surface due to Hydrostatic Pressure and Wave Slamming Slamming Loads

Typical Laminate De Designation signation

Decks PRIORITIZE PRIORITI ZE DESIGN DESIGN GOALS GOALS Strength Stiffness Cosmetics Cost

Decks Prioritize Priorit ize Design Goals Goals Strength

Stiffness

Am A meric ica a’s Cup Yacht STARS and STRIP IPE ES Norsa orsafe fe Fre Free-Fa e-Fallll Lifebo Lifeboat at

Cost Cosmetics

Hinckley's Picn Picnic ic Bo Boat at

Decks DETERMINE PRELIMI PRELIMINARY NARY ARRANGEMENT Deckhouse Cockpit

PRIORITIZE PRIORITI ZE DESIGN DESIGN GOALS GOALS Strength Stiffness Cosmetics Cost

Decks Determine Preliminary Arrangement

Conceptual Deck Layout for 147-Foot Motoryacht from Espinosa Yacht Design

Deck Layout for the Farr 56 Pil Pilot ot House House Yac Yacht ht

Decks DETERMINE PRELIMI PRELIMINARY NARY ARRANGEM ARRANGEMENT ENT Deckhouse Cockpit

CONSTRUCTION Solid or Sandwich Male or Female Deck Mold


Decks Determine Construction Method

Hardware Placement Jig Lowered in Place at Corsair Marine

Ale A lerrio ion n 28 Deck Assembly bein ing g SCRIMPed at TPI



HATCH OPENINGS BULKHEAD SPACING

DECK PERIMETER

Develop deck structure drawing based on geometric considerations

DECK GEOMETRY Largest Span Stress Concentrati Concentrations ons


Decks Develop Deck Geometry

Distribution of Longitudinal Stress at Hatch Opening from C.S. Smith

Deck Buckling Mode Near Hatch Opening from C.S. Smith

Pedigree 525 Catamaran Showing Spacious Interior (Styling by Phil Aylsworth)



HATCH OPENINGS

BULKHEAD SPACING


DECK PERIMETER


DECK DEPTH DEPTH RESTRICTIONS RESTRICTIONS Headroom Head room Requiremen Requirements ts Outfi utfitttting ing Acc Accom omm modation


Decks Consider Deck Depth Restrictions

Nautica Flush Flush-De -Deck ck Military Military Version 30-Foot RIB

Illbruck Challenge Volvo Ocean Race Yacht




HATCH OPENINGS

BULKHEAD SPACING


CREW, EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT & CARGO LOADS Weights & Footprints Ac A ccele lerrati tio ons

DECK PERIMETER



Develop deck load predictions to determine deck scantlings and materials

Decks Static Deck Loads

Tertiary Deck Loads

Tertiary Deck Loads

Important for Primary Structure

10 met er s

Important for Secondary Structure

100 m et er s

300 m et er s




HATCH OPENINGS

BULKHEAD SPACING


DECK PERIMETER


DECK DEPTH RESTRICTI RESTRICTIONS ONS Headroom Requir Requireme ements nts Outfi utfitttting ing Acco Accom mmo modation dation


GREEN WATER LOAD Vessel Geometry Sea State Develop deck load predictions to determine deck scantlings and materials

Decks Green Water Deck Loads

USCG 47-Foot Motor Life Boat 47234 Taking a Wave Head On




HATCH OPENINGS

BULKHEAD SPACING


DECK PERIMETER




GREEN WATER LOAD Vessel Geometry Sea State Develop deck load predictions to determine deck scantlings and materials FABRICATION Producibility Material Availability

Decks Consider Fabrication Issues

Deck De ck Layup at BeneteauUS Beneteau USA A

Deck Overhead Liner Beneteau US USA A




HATCH OPENINGS CREW, EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT & CARGO LOADS Weights & Footprints Ac A ccele lerrati tio ons


BULKHEAD SPACING

DECK PERIMETER DECK DEPTH DEPTH RESTRICTIONS RESTRICTIONS Headroom Head room Requiremen Requirements ts Outfi utfitttting ing Acc Accom omm modation



REINFORCEMENTS REINFORCEMEN TS for for HARDWARE

NON-SKID NON-SKI D REQUIREMENTS

IN-SERVI N-SERVICE CE HEAT HEAT EXPOSURE EXPOSURE

Decks Consider Hardware, Surface Treatment and Environmental Effects

Detail for Through-Bolting in Sandwich Construction

Rough Weather Sailing on Djuice Dragons Requires Good Non-Skid Deck

Surface Temperatures to 80 degrees C

Elevated Surface Temperature Temperature Co Considerati nsiderations ons for Composite DDG 51 Forward Director Room

Decks Young America, November 9, 1999

Video Courtesy of Jeff Eckland




HATCH OPENINGS DECK GEOMETRY Largest Span Stress Concentrati Concentrations ons

BULKHEAD SPACING

DECK PERIMETER


DECK DEPTH RESTRICTI RESTRICTIONS ONS Headroom Requir Requireme ements nts Outfi utfitttting ing Acco Accom mmo modation dation

DECK & DECK DECK STIFFENER STIFFENER LAMINATE SCHED SCHEDULES ULES

REINFORCEMENTS for for HARDWARE



IN-SERVI N-SERVICE CE HEAT EXPOSURE EXPOSURE

NON-SKID NON-SKI D REQUIREMENTS

Decks Deck and Stiffener Laminates

Prototype Corvette Deck Structure Built for the U.S Navy Navy by Sunrez Sunrez Using UV-Cured UV-Cured Resin

Composite Boat Design by Eric Greene

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