Is IGBT Rectifier UPS still "New and Reliable" ? Below is to clarify and to make a fair comparison between IGBT Rectifier Industrial UPS Vs Thyristor Rectifier Industrial UPS and IGBT Rectifier IT/Commercial UPS based on the advanced technology and modern development today. Many of such arguments were done using a IGBT Rectifier UPS in IT/Commercial used and the traditional Thyristor Rectifier UPS for comparison and was carried out quite some times ago (late '90). Des c r i p t i o n
Three phase (4W or 3W) Isolation Transformer (built-in) Input Power Factor
IGB T Rec t i f i er In d u s t r i al UPS
Th y r i s t o r Rec t i f i er In d u s t r i al UPS
IGB T Rec t i f i er IT/Co m m er c i al UPS
Yes 400/230, can 3W or 4W
Yes 400/230, can 3W or 4W
Yes 400/230, only 4W with N
Ye s
Yes
transformerless
0.97 - 0.99
0.8
>0.99
< 30% for 6-pulse bridge connection and < 15% with H.filters 6-pulse bridge. Total Harmonic Distortion(THDi)
< 5% < 15% for 12-pulse bridge connection, and < 10% with H.filters 12-pulse bridge.
Input Voltage Range and Protection
Functional Principle Intermediate DC Circuirt / Voltage Rectifier MTBF Maintenance & MTTR Rectifier Rating
400/230V +/- 15%(std), protected against 400/230V +/-10% (Std), protected against high transient, voltage surge with isolation high transient, voltage surge with isolation tranformer. tranformer.
< 3% (because without input isolation tranformer)
400/230V +/-20 to 25%(Std), lessprotected against high transient, voltage surge without input isolation tranformer. (acts on the mains actively ---> Risk)
Online Double Double Conversion, Conversion, as acc. IEC 62040-3 Class VFI 111 SS.
Online Double Conversion as acc. IEC 62040-3 Class VFI 111 SS.
on line double converstion, design with charger and booster with ECO mode
220VDC (std)
220VDC (std)
High DC voltage
approx. 150,000Hrs dpending on the design factor of the bridge
approx. 150,000Hrs dpending on the design factor of the bridge
lower MTBF due to the use of DC/DC converter / booster & more battery cells
within 24 hours
within 24 hours
within 24 hours
Bigger rectifier rating and can aslo be up- Bigger rectifier rating and can aslo be upsized to bigger rating for higher resized to bigger rating for higher recharging capability charging capability
normally rectifier rating is smaller and fixed. Bigger UPS is needed to provide higher rectifier rating
Description
IGBT Rectifier Industrial UPS
Thyristor Rectifier Industrial UPS
IGBT Rectifier IT/Commercial UPS
approx. 2 % with LC filter
approx. 5% with LC filter
small with high DC
Rectifier efficiency
approx. 92% to 96% depending on rectifier size & isolation transformer
approx. 89% to 94% depending on rectifier size & isolation t ransformer.
> 93% because transformer less
Rectifier Heat Loss
less
higher
Battery Type
Design for VRLA & Ni-Cd
Design for VRLA & Ni-Cd
Normally design based on VRLA
Battery Cells
108 - 110 cells (VRLA) 170 to 182 cells (Ni-Cd)
108 - 110 cells (VRLA) 170 - 182 cells (Ni-Cd)
More battery cells are used (high DC)
With Ni-Cd, MTBF is > 100,000Hrs
With Ni-Cd, MTBF is > 100,000Hrs
lower due to VRLA battery cells, approx. 35,000Hrs
Yes, IEC 62040 for UPS
Yes, IEC 62040 for UPS
Yes, IEC 62040 for UPS
Overload Capability
150% for 1 min / 125% for 10mins
150% for 1 min / 125% for 10mins
less over-current capability
Short Circuit Current
200% for 3sec (3Ph)
approx. the same
smaller due to less heatloss and normally will be front access
bigger with higher heatloss and toploaded with accessibility
smaller but back access in most cases
IGBT has been used for decades in the inverter and extended to rectifier with modern and advanced technology.
old design technology for AC/DC converter and more traditional
is being long established, used mostly in telco, IT and data centres.
Rectifier Output DC Ripple Voltage
(Rectifier + Battery) MTBF EMC Compliance & standard
Ventilation / Fans
Experience / Establishment Total Cost of Onwership (TCO) Generator size for UPS Input Harmonic Filter for THDi <5%
smaller without input transfomer
lower
higher size as per electrical practice 1.2 times of need to size 2.5 times (6-pulse) & 2 times US rating (THDi < 5%) bigger for 12-pulse
approx. 1.2 times bigger
No
Yes, even for 12-pulse
No
Cooling / ventilation for room
smaller cooling
bigger cooling required
smaller cooling
Maintenance & Accessibility
Simple / front access
Moderate / front access
simplest (cascaded replacement) / nonfront access.
higher efficiency, less heat & CO2
lower efficiency and higher heatloss
highest efficiency, lower heatloss.
Environmental
