Commissioning Motors and Generators

Engineering Encyclopedia Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Commissioning Motors And Generators

Note: The source of the technical material in this volume is the Professional Engineering Development Program (PEDP) of Engineering Services. Warning: The material contained in this document was developed for Saudi Aramco and is intended for the exclusive use of Saudi Aramco’s employees. Any material contained in this document which is not already in the public domain may not be copied, reproduced, sold, given, or disclosed to third parties, or otherwise otherwise used in whole, or in part, without the written written permission permission of the Vice President, Engineering Services, Saudi Aramco.

Chapter : Electrical File Reference: EEX30205

For additional information on this subject, contact W.A. Roussel on 874-6160

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Engineering Encyclopedia

Electrical Commissioning Motors and Generators

Content

Page

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 1 SAUDI ARAMC ARAMCO O REQUIREME REQUIREMENTS................................................................................. NTS................................................................................. 2 Motor and Generator Generator Standards Standards and Specificati Specifications.................................................... ons.................................................... 2 NEMA MG-1......... MG-1... ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ .. 3 Size Size Class Classifi ificat cation.......................................................................................... ion.......................................................................................... 3 Appli Applicat cation ion Classi Classific ficati ation............................................................................... on............................................................................... 4 Variab Variabil ility ity of Speed Speed Class Classifi ificat cation.................................................................. ion.................................................................. 4 Electr Electrica icall Types Types Classi Classific ficati ation........................................................................ on........................................................................ 5 Enclosur Enclosuree and Method Method of Cooling Cooling Classif Classificat ication ion ............................................ 6 EVALUATING EVALUATING MOTORS MOTORS AND AND GENERATORS GENERATORS UPON UPON RECEIPT RECEIPT ................................... 8 Visual Visual Inspe Inspecti ction....................................................................................................... on....................................................................................................... 8 Verifi Verificat cation ion Agains Againstt Specifi Specificat cations ions ............................................................................ 8 Motor and Generat Generator or Namepla Nameplates tes .................................................................. 9 EVALUATING MOTOR AND GENERATOR INSTALLATION AND TESTING............12 Visual Visual Inspect Inspection......................................................................................................12 ion......................................................................................................12 Suitab Suitabil ility ity .....................................................................................................13 Physi Physical cal Damage...........................................................................................13 Damage...........................................................................................13 Personnel Personnel Protecti Protective ve Devices Devices ........................................................................14 Clean Cleanli lines ness....................................................................................................14 s....................................................................................................14 Area Area Class Classifi ificat cation ion ........................................................................................14 Mechanic Mechanical al Inspect Inspection ion ..............................................................................................14 Mounting Mounting Bolts.............................................................................................15 Bolts.............................................................................................15 Motor Motor Alignme Alignment nt ..........................................................................................15 Shaft Rotation...............................................................................................15 Rotation...............................................................................................15 Lubricat Lubrication ion ...................................................................................................16

























Dc High-Pot High-Pot .................................................................................................19 Miscellaneous Electrical Tests.......................................................................21 Energizat Energization ion Tests ........................................................................................21 WORK WORK AID AID 1: REFERENCES REFERENCES FOR EVALU EVALUATING ATING MOTORS MOTORS AND GENERATORS GENERATORS UPON RECEIPT ...................................................24 Work Aid 1A: 1A: Motor and Generator Technical and Construction Construction Requirements...... Requirements........24 ..24 Method Method of Bearing Bearing Lubricat Lubrication ion .....................................................................27 Work Aid 1B: Motor and Generator Generator Winding, Wiring, Wiring, and Space Heater Require Requirement mentss ....................................................................................33 Work Aid Aid 1C: Motor Motor Rating Rating Requirem Requirements ents ..............................................................35 Work Aid Aid 1D: Data Schedul Schedules..................................................................................36 es..................................................................................36 WORK WORK AID AID 2: REFERENCES REFERENCES FOR EVALUA EVALUATING TING MOTOR MOTOR AND GENERATOR GENERATOR INSTALLATIO INSTALLATION N AND TESTING TESTING ...................................42 Work Aid 2A: Testing Testing Requireme Requirements........................................................................42 nts........................................................................42 Work Aid 2B: Information, Information, Formulas, Formulas, and Tables for Use Use in Evaluating the Results of Insulation Insulation Resistance Resistance (Megger) (Megger) Tests ............ ...... ............ ............ ............ ........43 ..43 Work Aid 2C: Information, Information, Formulas, Formulas, and Tables for Use Use in Evaluating the Results Results of Dc High-Pot High-Pot Tests ............................................................44 Work Aid 2D: Miscell Miscellaneo aneous us Tests/ Tests/Chec Checks ks ..............................................................46 Rotatin Rotating g Rectifi Rectifier er Diode Diode Check.....................................................................46 Check.....................................................................46 Air Gap Check..............................................................................................47 Work Aid Aid 2E: Acceptable Acceptable Values Values for for No Load Run Run Test Data Data .................................47 Phase Curre Current nt ...............................................................................................47 Phase Voltage...............................................................................................47 Percent Percent Voltage Voltage Unbalance Unbalance ...........................................................................47 Vibrat Vibration ion Levels ...........................................................................................48 Winding Winding Temperat Temperature ure ...................................................................................48 Bearing Bearing Temperature Temperature ....................................................................................48

























Reactive Reactive Power (kVAR) ...............................................................................49 Work Aid Aid 2F: Acceptabl Acceptablee Values for for Load Run Run Test Data Data .......................................49 Inspect Inspection/ ion/Check Check of Motor Motor Alignment Alignment ..........................................................49 Phase Curre Current nt ...............................................................................................49 Phase Voltage...............................................................................................50 Percent Percent Voltage Voltage Unbalance Unbalance ...........................................................................50 Vibrat Vibration ion Levels ...........................................................................................50 Winding Winding Temperat Temperature ure ...................................................................................51 Bearing Bearing Temperature Temperature ....................................................................................51 Voltage Voltage Dip on Start (%)..............................................................................51 Acceler Acceleratio ation n Time Time (Sec)................................................................................51 (Sec)................................................................................51 % Ns When Excited......................................................................................51 Excited......................................................................................51 Exciter Exciter Field Field Current.....................................................................................5 Current.....................................................................................51 1 Motor Field Current......................................................................................51 Current......................................................................................51 Power Factor Factor ................................................................................................52 Reactive Reactive Power (kVAR) ...............................................................................52 Work Aid 2G: Saudi Saudi Aramco Aramco Pre-Comm Pre-Commiss issioni ioning ng Form ...........................................52 Work Aid Aid 2H: Excerpts Excerpts from GI 2.710.....................................................................71 2.710.....................................................................71 GLOSSARY........................................................................................................................74

























Table of Figures

P a ge

Figure 1: Ac Medium Machine Ratings (From NEMA MG-1-1987) MG-1-1987) ............ ...... ............ ............ ........ 4 Figure 2: Typical Results of High-Pot Tests............. Tests....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......20 20 Figure 4: Saudi Aramco Motor and Generator Generator Material and Installation Installation Requireme Requirements nts (from (from SAES-P-11 SAES-P-113) 3) ..........................................................25 Figure 5: Motor Construction Construction Technical Requirements ............ ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........26 ..26 Figure Figure 6: Critical Critical Speeds Speeds of Motor Motorss .........................................................................26 Figure Figure 7: Bearing Bearing Types Types ..........................................................................................27 Figure Figure 8: Bearing Bearing Lubri Lubricant cantss ...................................................................................27 Figure Figure 9: Sleeve Sleeve Bearing Bearing Lubricati Lubrication on .......................................................................27 Figure 10: Motor and Generator Bearing Technical Requirements ............ ...... ............ ............ .........28 ...28 Figure 11: Mechanical Mechanical Noise and Vibration Vibration Monitoring Monitoring ............ ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......28 .28 Figure 12: Motor Enclosure Protection and Specification Specification Requirements. ............ ...... ...........29 .....29 Figure 13: Maximum Allowable Allowable Insulation Insulation Temperature Temperature...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......30 30 Figure Figure 14: Motor Motor Enclosure Enclosure Cooling Cooling Requireme Requirements nts .................................................30 Figure 15: Nameplate Nameplate Construction Construction and Minimum Minimum Information Information Requirement Requirementss ..........31 ...... ....31 Figure 16: NEMA Frame Induction Induction Motor Technical Requirements Requirements for Motors that are Rated Less Than 0.746 KW (from (from 17-SAMSS-503) 17-SAMSS-503) ............ ...... ............ .......32 .32 Figure 17: Motor and Generator Generator Winding Construction Requirements...... Requirements ............ ............ .........33 ...33 Figure 18: Wiring Wiring and Grounding Grounding Requirements Requirements ............ ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......34 34 Figure 19: Space Heater Design and Construction Construction Requirements ............ ...... ............ ............ ...........34 .....34 Figure 20: Space Heater Temperature Temperature Requirements Requirements for Classified Classified Areas....... Areas............. ..........35 ....35 Figure Figure 21: Motor Select Selection ion Table (from (from SAES-P-1 SAES-P-113) 13) ............................................35 Figure 22: Ac Motor Locked-Rotor KVA per Horsepower (From NEMA MG-1) ...36 Figure 23: NEMA Frame Motor Motor Data Data Schedule (from 17-SAMSS-503) ............ ...... ............ ......37 37 Figure 24: Induction Motor Data Schedule (from 17-SAMSS-502) ............ ...... ............ ............ .......38 .38 Figure 24: Induction Motor Motor Data Schedule (from (from 17-SAMSS-502) (Cont'd)........... (Cont'd)..... .......39 .39

























Figure 27: Typical Results of High-Pot Tests........... Tests..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......46 46 Figure Figure 28: Radial Radial Air Gap Gap Values Values ............................................................................47 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors........................53 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................54 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................55 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................56 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................57 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................58 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................59 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................60 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................61 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................62 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................63 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................64 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................65 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................66 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame,



























Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................69 Figure 29: Saudi Aramco Pre-Commissioning Form, P-019, NEMA Frame, Form Wound Induction and Synchronous Motors (Cont'd)......................70 Figure 30: GI 2.710 2.710 Excerpt....................................................................................72 Excerpt....................................................................................72 Figure 30: GI 2.710 2.710 Excerpt Excerpt (Cont'd) (Cont'd) ......................................................................73

























INTRODUCTION

Once a motor or generator for a given installation is chosen, the motor or generator is ordered, shipped, and received. Once received, the motor motor is receipt inspected and tested tested as part of the the commissioning process. The commissioning process for motors and generators in Saudi Aramco facilities ensures that a safe and cost-effective system is installed that performs to the specifications of the facility for the projected operating lifetime of the facility. Experience has shown that the time and effort that is expended up front to ensure safety, quality control, and adherence to Saudi Aramco and industry standards minimize subsequent equipment failure. The motor and generator commissioning process involves evaluations, verifications, and checks that determine whether the proper equipment specifications and installation requirements are met. Tests are performed, and the test results are evaluated to determine whether the motor or generator will operate properly and safely after it is installed. When a motor or generator is satisfactorily inspected and tested during the commissioning process, it should operate in accordance with manufacturer's specifications for its maximum useful life. Electrical Engineers must be able to direct commissioning of new motors and generators. This Module provides information on the following topics that are pertinent to the commissioning of motors and generators for Saudi Aramco installati installations: ons: •

Saudi Aramco Requirements

•

Evaluating Motors and Generators Upon Receipt

•

Evaluating Motor and Generator Installation and Testing

























SAUDI ARAMCO REQUIREMENTS

Large process and process support equipment relies on motors for primary and ancillary functions throughout the manufacturing process (e.g., fans, circulation pumps, and blowers). Generators are used to supply power to motors motors and other equipment. equipment. Although motors and generators are usually at the opposite ends of the electrical distribution system (i.e., motors use the power that generators supply), supply), they are similar in in construction. construction. Motors and generators generators have a shaft, shaft, a rotating element (rotor), (rotor), a stationary element (stator), (stator), and an enclosure. The use of motors and generators in industrial settings requires that the motor or generator enclosure provide protection against industrial environmental hazards, such as dust or moisture. Because of the heat that is created by motors and generators, some type of cooling system must be also provided. From this brief overview, it should be clear that the design and construction requirements for motors and generators are similar. During the commissioning process, the Electrical Engineer will be required to be familiar with the design and construction construction requirements requirements of motors and generators. This section of the module will describe the Saudi Aramco requirements requireme nts for motors and generators. Motor and Generator Standards and Specifications

Several Saudi Aramco standards and specifications contain minimum design and technical requirements requiremen ts for motors and generators that are installed in Saudi Aramco facilities. Each of these Saudi Aramco documents uses the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard MG-1 as a base reference. The following paragraphs contain a brief overview of the Saudi Aramco standards and specifications that are to be used during the commissioning process for motors and generators. The minimum mandatory requirements for the procurement and installation of induction and

























The minimum technical requirements for three-phase, 60 Hz, synchronous generators that are rated 125 kVA (100 kW) through 1250 kVA (1000 kW) that are installed in Saudi Aramco industrial facilities are defined in 17-SAMSS-510, Synchronous Generators. NEMA MG-1

MG-1 is a NEMA publication publication that contains motor and generator generator standards. The NEMA MG-1 publication ublication is intended to assist users in the proper selection selection and application application of motors and generators. The type of information information that is contained in NEMA MG-1 MG-1 pertains to the construction, the manufacture, the performance, the safety, and the testing of ac and dc motors and generators. A detailed discussion of the different types of motors and how they are designated by NEMA MG-1 is beyond the scope of this Module; however, a brief overview of the classifications of motors and generators will be provided. For a detailed discussion of motors and generators, refer to EEX 203, Motors and Generators. In accordance with MG-1, MG-1, motors and generators can be classified by size, application, variability of speed, electrical type, and enclosure and method of cooling. Size Classification

The machine size classifications classifications are small, small, medium, and large. The sizing of small small and medium machines can depend on frame measurement parameters as well as ratings. Medium dc machines are machines that have a continuous, open construction rating of up to and including 1.25 hp per rpm for motors motors or 1.0 kW per rpm rpm for generators. generators. Dc machines that have have higher ratings are considered large machines. Medium ac machines are machines that have a continuous, open construction up to the values that are provided in Figure 1. Ac machines that have higher ratings are considered to be large machines. For commissioning Saudi Aramco motors or generators, generato rs, the size requirements for the particular installation must be met and will vary from installation to installation.

























Figure 1: Ac Medium Machine Ratings (From NEMA MG-1-1987)

Application Classification

There are three main application classifications for motors in accordance with NEMA MG-1: general purpose (both dc and ac), industrial (both ac and dc), and definite and special purpose motors. The basic difference between general purpose and industrial motors is that the industrial motors generally have larger ratings and more stringent construction and performance characteristics. Definite and special purpose motors have application-specific application-spe cific rating, construction, and performance characteristics. During the commissioning process, the Electrical Engineer must ensure that the application classification of the motor that is being commissioned is correct for the installation.



























•

Constant-Speed Motor

•

Varying-Speed Motor

•

Adjustable-Speed Motor

•

Adjustable Varying-Speed Motor

•

Multi-Speed Multi-Speed Motor

Electrical Types Classification

The classification of motors and generators by electrical type is one of the main ways in which motors and generators are specified specified or described described for installations. installations. For Saudi Aramco Aramco motor or generator commissioning, the Electrical Engineer must determine that the electrical type of the motor or generator matches the electrical electrical type that is required for the installation. installation. The Electrical Engineer makes the determination by comparing the electrical type of the motor or generator to the electrical type that is required by the electrical drawings or prints. In accordance with NEMA MG-1, the major electrical type classifications of motors and generators are as follows: •

Ac Motors

























Enclosure and Method of Cooling Classification

The classification of motors and generators according to the enclosure and methods of cooling is another way to specify motors and generators for installations that is widely used in industry. NEMA MG-1 allows allows the use of numerous types of motor motor enclosures; enclosures; however, only the following following three types of NEMA MG-1 enclosures are approved for use in Saudi Aramco applications: •

Totally-enclosed Totally-enclosed fan-cooled (TEFC).

•

Environmental protection totally-enclosed air-to-air cooled (CACA).

•

Weather protect type II (WP-II).

NEMA MG-1 defines defines a TEFC enclosure enclosure as a totally-enclosed totally-enclosed fan-cooled fan-cooled machine machine that is equipped equipped for exterior cooling through use of a fan or fans that are integral with the machine but that are external to the enclosing enclosing parts. TEFC enclosures without without heat exchangers are not permitted permitted for motors that are rated above 11,000 kW (15,000 hp). This requirement is due to to the heat dissipation requirements of the motor. NEMA MG-1 defines a CACA as a totally-enclosed totally-enclosed air-to-air air-to-air cooled machine that is cooled

























In addition to environmental protection and methods of cooling, machine enclosures are also classified for installation in hazardous areas. There are many different types of hazardous areas; however, only the usual Class I, Division 1 and 2 locations with Group D hazards that are found in Saudi Aramco installations will be discussed. For a Division 1 area, the motor enclosure must be explosion proof (Exd). Because of the TEFC ruggedness and simplicity, simplicity, the totally-enclosed totally-enclosed flameproof motor is preferred for for motor sizes up to about 500 kW (700 (700 hp). For larger motor sizes, the normal practice is to avoid Division 1 locations because of the cost of the enclosures. For a Division Division 2 area, the motor enclosure must must be non-sparking non-sparking (Exn). The type of protection "n" is such that during normal operation, the motor is not capable of causing ignition, and a fault that is capable of causing ignition is not likely to occur; therefore, any type of enclosure that prevents sparks sparks can be utilized. utilized.

























EVALUATING MOTORS AND GENERATORS UPON RECEIPT

The installation of motors and generators in Saudi Aramco facilities is a process that occurs over a period of time. The motors drive drive equipment (e.g., pumps) that forms forms the base of the manufacturing or refining refining process. process. The generators generators supply power to the equipment. equipment. Motor and generator installations begin with an identified need for motors or power generation equipment in a new facility. After the facility design is approved, the machines are ordered from the manufacturer. When the machines are received from the manufacturer, they must be evaluated to ensure that they are proper for for the installation. installation. The purpose of the evaluation is to to verify that correct motors or generators were received from the manufacturer and that the proper installation specifications and parameters were met. This section will describe how motors and generators are evaluated upon receipt. Visual Inspection

When motors or generators are received from the manufacturer, a visual inspection should be performed. The purpose of the visual inspection is to verify that the motors or generators that were received from the manufacturer are in good physical condition and that the enclosures and cooling equipment (if present) have not been damaged during shipment. During the initial visual

























Generally, the verification against specifications consists of a determination of whether the machine that is to be installed matches the machine that that is specified for the installation. In most cases, this determination is accomplished by reading an electrical plan that identifies the motor or generator size, application, speed control, electrical type, enclosure type, and method of cooling. The Electrical Engineer inspects the manufacturer's nameplate data on the machine, and he compares them to the requirements on the electrical plan to determine whether the correct machine is being used. In other situations, the Electrical Engineer must rely on his knowledge of the correct application of motors and generators g enerators (e.g., types and enclosures) to determine whether the correct machine is is being used. The data sheets that were used to order the machine machine from the manufacturer should also be consulted. Example data sheets are provided in Work Aid 1. Any quality control, quality assurance, and test data that are provided with the motor or generator by the manufacturer should also be reviewed. Motor and Generator Nameplates

All motors and generators that are used in Saudi Aramco facilities should have a nameplate that is clearly visible on the machine. The nameplate should contain manufacturer-type information. The information that describes the machine manufacturer's information should consist of the manufacturer's name, the type designation, and the serial number. Because of the different types and classifications of motors and generators, nameplates may contain many different kinds of



























•

Number of phases (ac (ac machines machines only).

•

Code letter for locked rotor KVA (ac motors only).

•

Winding (dc machines only).

•

Insulation system designation.

•

The words "Impedance or Thermally Protected" (if applicable).

A brief discussion discussion of nameplate items will be provided. Because Electrical Engineers should have a working knowledge of the electrical engineering principles that are associated with motors and generators, fundamental ratings, ratings, such as voltage, current, and frequency, will not be covered.

























The following additional data are required by SAES-P-113 and can be supplied on a separate nameplate(s): •

Buyer's purchase order number.

•

Year of manufacture.

•

Manufacturer's Manufacturer's location.

•

Manufacturer's Manufacturer's order reference number.

•

Anti-friction bearing number and manufacturer.

•

Class, group, and division (explosion-proof motors only).

























EVALUATING MOTOR AND GENERATOR INSTALLATION AND TESTING

The process of determining whether machines should be commissioned is to verify that all of the electrical inspections and tests have been properly performed and to verify that the test results meet the specifications that are designated by the applicable Saudi Aramco and industry standards. Installation inspections are performed to verify that proper machine installation materials are used, that installation specifications and parameters are met, and that proper installation procedures are followed. The installation inspection is conducted to ensure that machines will function properly once they are installed. Electrical tests are performed to check the ability of machines to function under all operating conditions and loads. Installation tests should detect shipping or installation

























Because of the large number of inspection items that are associated with rotating machines, there are several courses of action for visual inspection failure. The course of action depends on the part of the machine machine that failed the visual inspection. inspection. For example, example, a failure failure of cleanliness cleanliness visual inspection can generally be corrected through cleaning the machine. A physical damage or suitability inspection failure will probably require the replacement of the damaged machine component. The following visual inspections are used to assess the condition of rotating machines in Saudi Aramco systems: •

Suitability

•

Physical Damage

























Personnel Protective Devices

Because of both its mass and its speed, rotating equipment is dangerous to personnel who work around it. The electric power that is required required to operate rotating rotating equipment also also makes it dangerous. To prevent injury to personnel, all rotating equipment is required to be installed with personnel protective devices. Such devices consist of screens, guards, and other items that protect operations and maintenance personnel from contacting rotating surfaces and hazardous voltage potentials. potentials. The purpose of the personnel personnel protective devices devices inspection inspection is to ensure that the devices are properly installed prior to commissioning. Cleanliness



























The general mechanical inspections and tests that are performed on motors that are installed in Saudi Aramco systems are as follows:

























Lubrication

























Because an electrical inspection or test failure can be caused by a design flaw, a construction error, equipment age, or operational misuse, some kind of troubleshooting or maintenance activity

























To conduct the insulation resistance megger test, each winding of a motor is electrically disconnected from the others if possible. Once the windings are disconnected, the megger is

























Dc High-Pot















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Work Work Aid Aid 2H: 2H:

Exce Excerp rpts ts from from GI 2.71 2.710 0

The following is an excerpt from GI 2.710, New Construction Check List Example, that illustrates the overall checklist and sign-off for major pieces of electrical equipment. 3.

Electrical Equipment All substations, power cable, electrical equipment, Construction Construction Agency including lighting and wiring, to be checked for

























Figure 30 shows an excerpt from GI 2.710, General Instruction Manual, that illustrates the inspections and tests that should be performed on major pieces of electrical equipment prior to the turnover of a facility.

















































GLOSSARY accelerating torque

The torque that is developed with rated power input between zero speed and full rated speed.

ANSI

American National Standards Institute.

breakdown torque

The maximum torque that is developed with rated power input.

CACA

Closed Air Circuit Air-Cooled.

critical speed

A speed at which the amplitude amplitude of the vibration of a rotor that



























NEMA

National Electrical Electrical Manufacturer Manufacturer's 's Association. Association.

























zone 2

A location in which volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases are handled, processed, or used but in which the liquids, vapors, or

Commissioning Motors and Generators

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