Iursm ^rmplaàut`im ^rmdrcgci`ùb Ar. Ckrcocg [marçdulz Gmtc
Ijcsl 1 Hcvc ^rmdrcgg`bd Jcbducdl @
F`rst Hcvc ^rmdrcg
Ijcss alffib`t`mb ! ! !
Lvlry cppj`ict`mb kld`bs w`to c ijcss alffib`t`mb Qol elywmra ijcss ijcss kld`bs kld`bs tol ijcss alffib`t`mb fmr tol ijcss bcgla OljjmHcvc Qol imal fmr lcio ijcss cpplcrs kltwllb tol mplb`bd cba ijms`bd krcils
F`rst Hcvc ^rmdrcg
@b Hcvc, lvlry cppj`ict`mb gust imbtc`b c gc`b gltoma w`to tol somwla s`dbcturl
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Qol gma`f`lrs pukj`i cba stct`i icb kl wr`ttlb `b l`tolr mralr ( pukj`i stct`i mr stct`i pukj`i ), kut tol imbvlbt`mb `s tm usl pukj`i stct`i cs somwb ckmvl.
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Qol crduglbt icb kl bcgla cbyto`bd ymu wcbt, kut gmst prmdrcgglrs iommsl "crds "crds"" mr ‚crdv ‚crdv‗. ‗.
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Qol gc`b gltoma `s s`g`jcr tm tol gc`b fubit`mb `b I cba I++5 `t's tol lbtry pm`bt fmr cb cppj`ict`mb cba w`jj sukslqulbtjy `bvmel cjj tol mtolr gltomas rlqu`rla ky tol prmdrcg.
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Qol gc`b gltoma ciilpts c s`bdjl crduglbt8 cb crrcy mf ljlglbts mf typl Ytr`bd . Qo`s crrcy `s tol gliocb`sg tormudo wo`io tol rubt`gl systlg pcssls `bfmrgct`mb tm cb cppj`ict`mb. Fmr lxcgpjl8 hcvc GyCpp crd3 crd;
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Lcio str`bd `b tol crrcy `s icjjla c imggcba-j`bl crduglbt . Imggcba-j`bl crduglbts jlt uslrs cfflit tol mplrct`mb mf tol cppj`ict`mb w`tomut rlimgp`j`bd `t.
F`rst Hcvc ^rmdrcg Qol j`bl8 Yystlg.mut.pr`btjb("Oljjm Yystlg.mut.pr`btjb ("Oljjm Tmrja!‗)5
usls tol Yystlg ijcss frmg tol imrl j`krcry tm pr`bt tol "Oljjm Hcvc‗ glsscdl tm stcbacra mutput.
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Imgglbts crl `dbmrla ky tol imgp`jlr kut crl uslfuj tm mtolr prmdrcgglrs. Qol Hcvc prmdrcgg`bd jcbducdl suppmrts torll e`bas mf imgglbts8 /* tlxt */
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Qol imgp`jlr `dbmrls lvlryto`bd frmg /* tm */.
/** amiuglbtct`mb */
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Qo`s `ba`ictls c amiuglbtct`mb imgglbt (ami (ami imgglbt , fmr somrt). Qol imgp`jlr `dbmrls to`s e`ba mf imgglbt, hust j`el `t `dbmrls imgglbts toct usl /* cba */.
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Qol hcvcami tmmj usls ami imgglbts wolb prlpcr`bd cutmgct`icjjy dlblrctla amiuglbtct`mb. Fmr gmrl `bfmrgct`mb mb hcvcami , sll tol HcvcamiÅ tmmj amiuglbtct`mb . amiuglbtct`mb .
// tlxt
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Qol imgp`jlr `dbmrls lvlryto`bd frmg // tm tol lba mf tol j`bl.
Vcr`ckjls V cr`ckjls Cb mkhlit stmrls `ts stctl `b `b f`ljas. f`ljas. Qol Hcvc prmdrcgg`bd jcbducdl alf`bls tol fmjjmw`bd e`bas mf vcr`ckjls8
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@bstcbil Vcr`ckjls (Bmb-Ytct`i F`ljas) Q F`ljas) Qliob`icjjy liob`icjjy splce`bd, mkhlits stmrl tol`r `ba`v`aucj stctls `b "bmb-stct`i f`ljas", toct `s, f`ljas alijcrla w`tomut tol stct`i elywmra. Bmb-stct`i f`ljas crl cjsm ebmwb cs `bstcbil vcr`ckjls klicusl vcr`ckjls klicusl tol`r vcjuls crl ub`qul tm lcio `bstcbil mf `bstcbil mf c ijcss (tm lcio mkhlit, `b mtolr wmras)5 Ijcss Vcr`ckjls (Ytct`i F`ljas) C F`ljas) C ijcss vcr`ckjl `s vcr`ckjl `s cby f`lja alijcrla w`to tol stct`i gma`f`lr5 to`s tljjs tol imgp`jlr toct tolrl `s lxcitjy mbl impy mf to`s vcr`ckjl `b lx`stlbil, rldcrajlss mf omw gcby t`gls tol ijcss ocs kllb `bstcbt`ctla. Qol imal stct`i `bt bugDlcrs 7 65 wmuja irlctl c stct`i f`lja. Caa`t`mbcjjy, Caa`t`mbcjjy, tol elywmra f`bcj imuja kl caala tm `ba`ictl toct tol bugklr mf dlcrs w`jj blvlr iocbdl. Jmicj Vcr`ckjls Y`g`jcr Vcr`ckjls Y`g`jcr tm omw cb mkhlit stmrls `ts stctl `b f`ljas, c gltoma w`jj mftlb stmrl `ts tlgpmrcry stctl `b jmicj vcr`ckjls. vcr`ckjls. Qol sybtcx fmr alijcr`bd c jmicj vcr`ckjl `s s`g`jcr tm alijcr`bd c f`lja (fmr lxcgpjl, `bt imubt 7 >5 ). Qolrl `s bm spli`cj elywmra als`dbct`bd c vcr`ckjl cs jmicj5 toct altlrg`bct`mb imgls lbt`rljy frmg tol jmict`mb `b wo`io tol vcr`ckjl `s alijcrla ‑ wo`io `s kltwllb tol mplb`bd cba ijms`bd krcils mf c gltoma. Cs suio, jmicj vcr`ckjls crl mbjy v`s`kjl tm tol gltomas `b wo`io toly crl alijcrla5 toly crl bmt ciilss`kjl frmg tol rlst mf tol ijcss. ^crcgltlrs [licjj ^crcgltlrs [licjj toct tol s`dbcturl fmr tol gc`b gltoma `s pukj`i stct`i vm`a gc`b(Ytr`bdUW crds) . Olrl, tol crds vcr`ckjl `s tol pcrcgltlr tm to`s gltoma. Qol `gpmrtcbt to`bd tm rlglgklr `s toct pcrcgltlrs crl cjwcys ijcss`f`la cs "vcr`ckjls" bmt "f`ljas".
Vcr`ckjls V cr`ckjls Qol rujls cba imbvlbt`mbs fmr bcg`bd ymur v cr`ckjls icb kl suggcr`zla cs fmjjmws8
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Vcr`ckjl bcgls crl icsl-slbs`t`vl. jldcj `albt`f`lr ‑ cb ubj`g`tla-jlbdto slqulbil slqulbil mf \b`imal jlttlrs cba a`d`ts, kld`bb`bd • C vcr`ckjl's bcgl icb kl cby jldcj w`to c jlttlr, tol amjjcr s`db " $", mr tol ubalrsimrl iocrcitlr "]". omwlvlr, `s tm cjwcys kld`b ymur vcr`ckjl bcgls w`to c jlttlr, bmt "$" mr "]". • Qol imbvlbt`mb, omwlvlr, Caa`t`mbcjjy, tol amjjcr s`db iocrcitlr, iocrcitlr, ky imbvlbt`mb, `s blvlr usla ct ct cjj. • Caa`t`mbcjjy, iocrcitlr5 wo`jl `t's tliob`icjjy jldcj tm kld`b ymur vcr`ckjl's bcgl bcgl w`to • C s`g`jcr imbvlbt`mb lx`sts fmr tol ubalrsimrl iocrcitlr5 "]", to`s prcit`il `s a`simurcdla. • To`tl spcil `s bmt plrg`ttla. Yukslqulbt iocrcitlrs gcy kl jlttlrs, a`d`ts, amjjcr s` dbs, mr ubalrsimrl iocrcitlrs. Imbvlbt`mbs (cba imggmb slbsl) cppjy tm to`s rujl cs wljj. Tolb iomms`bd c bcgl fmr tol vcr`ckjls, usl fujj wmras `bstlca mf irypt`i ckkrlv`ct`mbs. Am`bd sm w`jj gcel imal lcs`lr tm rlca cba ubalrstcba. @b gcby icsls `t w`jj cjsm gcel ymur imal sljf-amiuglbt`bd5 Cjsm ellp `b g`ba toct tol bcgl ymu iommsl gust bmt kl c elywmra mr rlslrvla wmra. wmra. @f tol bcgl ymu iommsl imbs`sts mf mbjy mbl wmra, spljj toct wmra `b cjj jmwlricsl jlttlrs. @f `t imbs`sts mf gmrl tocb mbl wmra, icp`tcj`zl tol f`rst jlttlr mf lcio sukslqulbt wmra. @f c vcr`ckjl stmrls c imbstcbt vcjul, vcjul, suio cs stct`i f`bcj `bt B\G]DLC[Y 7 6, tol imbvlbt`mb iocbdls sj`dotjy, icp`tcj`z`bd lvlry jlttlr cba slpcrct`bd sukslqulbt wmras w`to tol ubalrsimrl iocrcitlr. iocrcitlr. Ky imbvlbt`mb, tol ubalrsimrl iocrcitlr `s blvlr usla ljslwolrl.
Vcr`ckjls V cr`ckjls Qol Hcvc prmdrcgg`bd jcbducdl `s stct`icjjy-typla, wo`io glcbs toct cjj vcr`ckjls gust f`rst kl alijcrla klfmrl toly icb kl usla. C pr`g`t`vl pr`g`t`vl typl `s prlalf`bla ky tol jcbducdl cba `s bcgla ky c rlslrvla e lywmra. ^r`g`t`vl vcjuls am bmt socrl stctl w`to mtolr pr`g`t`vl vcjuls. Qol l`dot pr`g`t`vl actc typls suppmrtla ky tol Hcvc prmdrcgg`bd jcbducdl crl8 kytl, somrt, `bt, jmbd, jmst, amukjl, kmmjlcb, cba iocr
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kytl8 kytl8 Qol kytl actc typl `s cb ?-k`t s`dbla twm's imgpjlglbt `btldlr. @t ocs c g`b`gug vcjul mf -3;? cba c gcx`gug vcjul mf 3;4 (`bijus`vl).
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Qol kytl actc typl icb kl uslfuj fmr scv`bd glgmry `b jcrdl crrcys crrcys,, wolrl tol glgmry scv`bds citucjjy gcttlrs.
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Qoly icb cjsm kl usla `b pjcil mf `bt wolrl tol`r j`g`ts oljp tm ijcr`fy ymur imal5 tol fcit toct c vcr`ckjl's rcbdl `s j`g`tla icb slrvl cs c fmrg mf amiuglbtct`mb.
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somrt8 somrt8 Qol somrt actc typl `s c 36-k`t s`dbla twm's imgpjlglbt `btldlr.
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@t ocs c g`b`gug vcjul mf -9;,46? cba c gcx`gug vcjul mf 9;,464 (`bijus`vl). Cs w`to kytl, tol scgl du`alj`bls cppjy8 ymu icb usl c somrt tm scvl glgmry `b jcrdl crrcys, `b s`tuct`mbs wolrl tol glgmry scv`bds citucjjy gcttlrs.
`bt8 `bt8 Ky alfcujt, tol `bt actc typl `s c 9;-k`t s`dbla twm's imgpjlglbt `btldlr, wo`io ocs c g`b`gug vcjul mf -; 93 cba c gcx`gug vcjul mf ;93-3.
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@b Hcvc YL ? cba jctlr, ymu icb usl tol `bt actc typl tm rlprlslbt cb ubs`dbla 9;-k`t `btldlr, wo`io ocs c g`b`gug vcjul mf > cba c gcx`gug vcjul mf ; \sl tol @btldlr ijcss tm usl `bt actc typl cs cb ubs`dbla `btldlr.
-3.
9;
Vcr`ckjls V cr`ckjls
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jmbd8 jmbd8 Qol jmbd actc typl `s c 61-k`t twm's imgpjlglbt `btldlr. Qol s`dbla jmbd ocs c g`b`gug vcjul mf -; 69 cba c gcx`gug vcjul mf ;69-3. @b Hcvc YL ? cba jctlr, ymu icb usl tol jmbd actc typl tm rlprlslbt cb ubs`dbla 61-k`t jmbd, wo`io ocs c g`b`gug vcjul mf > cba c gcx`gug vcjul mf ; 61-3. \sl to`s actc typl wolb ymu blla c rcbdl mf vcjuls w`alr tocb tomsl prmv`ala ky `bt. Qol Jmbd ijcss cjsm imbtc`bs gltomas j`el imgpcrl\bs`dbla, a`v`al\bs`dbla lti tm suppmrt cr`toglt`i mplrct`mbs fmr ubs`dbla jmbd.
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fjmct8 fjmct8 Qol fjmct actc typl `s c s`bdjl-prli`s`mb 9;-k`t @LLL 4<1 fjmct`bd pm`bt. @ts rcbdl mf vcjuls `s klymba tol simpl mf to`s a`siuss`mb, kut `s spli`f`la `b tol Fjmct`bd-^m`bt Qypls, Fmrgcts, cba Vcjuls slit`mb Vcjuls slit`mb mf tol Hcvc Jcbducdl Ypli`f`ict`mb. Cs w`to tol rlimgglbact`mbs fmr kytl cba somrt, usl c fjmct (`bstlca mf amukjl) `f ymu blla tm scvl glgmry `b jcrdl crrcys mf fjmct`bd pm`bt bugklrs. Qo`s actc typl somuja blvlr kl usla fmr prli`sl vcjuls, suio cs iurrlbiy. Fmr toct, ymu w`jj blla tm usl tol hcvc.gcto.K`dAli`gcj hcvc.gcto.K`dAli`gcj ijcss ijcss `bstlca.Bugklrs `bstlca.Bugklrs cba Ytr`bds imvlrs Ytr`bds imvlrs K`dAli`gcj cba mtolr uslfuj ijcssls prmv`ala ky tol Hcvc pjctfmrg.
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amukjl8 amukjl8 Qol amukjl actc typl `s c amukjl-prli`s`mb 61-k`t @LLL 4<1 fjmct`bd pm`bt. @ts rcbdl mf vcjuls `s klymba tol simpl mf to`s a`siuss`mb, kut `s spli`f`la `b tol Fjmct`bd-^m`bt Qypls, Fmrgcts, cba Vcjuls slit`mb Vcjuls slit`mb mf tol Hcvc Jcbducdl Ypli`f`ict`mb. Fmr ali`gcj vcjuls, to`s actc typl `s dlblrcjjy tol alfcujt iom`il. Cs glbt`mbla ckmvl, to`s actc typl somuja blvlr kl usla fmr prli`sl vcjuls, suio cs iurrlbiy.
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kmmjlcb8 kmmjlcb8 Qol kmmjlcb actc typl ocs mbjy twm pmss`kjl vcjuls8 trul cba fcjsl. \sl to`s actc typl fmr s`gpjl fjcds toct trcie trul/fcjsl imba`t`mbs. Qo`s actc typl rlprlslbts mbl k`t mf `bfmrgct`mb, kut `ts "s`zl" `sb't smglto`bd toct's prli`sljy alf`bla.
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iocr 8 Qol iocr actc typl `s c s`bdjl 36-k`t \b`imal iocrcitlr. @t ocs c g`b`gug vcjul mf 'Zu>>>>' (mr >) cba c gcx`gug vcjul mf 'Zuffff' (mr 6<,<9< `bijus`vl).
Vcr`ckjls V cr`ckjls •
@b caa`t`mb tm tol l`dot pr`g`t`vl actc typls j`stla ckmvl, tol Hcvc prmdrcgg`bd jcbducdl cjsm prmv`als spli`cj suppmrt fmr iocrcitlr str`bds v`c tol hcvc.jcbd.Ytr`bd tol hcvc.jcbd.Ytr`bd ijcss. ijcss. Lbijms`bd ymur iocrcitlr str`bd w`to`b amukjl qumtls w`jj cutmgct`icjjy irlctl c blw Ytr`bd mkhlit5
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`ggutckjl, wo`io glcbs toct mbil irlctla, tol`r vcjuls icbbmt kl iocbdla. Qol Ytr`bd ijcss `s bmt tliob`icjjy c pr`g`t`vl actc typl, Ytr`bd mkhlits crl `ggutckjl,
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F`ljas toct crl alijcrla kut bmt `b`t`cj`zla w`jj kl slt tm c rlcsmbckjl alfcujt ky tol imgp`jlr.
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Dlblrcjjy splce`bd, to`s alfcujt w`jj kl zlrm mr bujj, alplba`bd mb tol actc typl. [ljy`bd mb suio alfcujt vcjuls, omwlvlr, `s dlblrcjjy imbs`alrla kca prmdrcgg`bd styjl.
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Qol fmjjmw`bd iocrt suggcr`zls tol alfcujt vcjuls fmr tol ckmvl actc typls.Actc Qypl Actc Qypl
Alfcujt Vcjul (fmr f`ljas)
kytl
>
somrt
>
`bt
>
jmbd
>J
fjmct
>.>f
amukjl
>.>a
iocr
Zu>>>>'
Ytr` Ytr`bd bd (mr (mr cby cby mkhlit mkhlit))
bujj bujj
k
FCJYL
j
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Jmicj vcr`ckjls crl sj`dotjy a`fflrlbt5 tol imgp`jlr blvlr css`dbs c alfcujt vcjul tm cb ub`b`t`cj`zla jmicj vcr`ckjl. @f ymu icbbmt `b`t`cj`zl ymur jmicj vcr`ckjl wolrl `t `s alijcrla, gcel surl tm css`db `t c vcjul klfmrl ymu cttlgpt tm usl `t. Ciilss`bd cb ub`b`t`cj`zla jmicj vcr`ckjl w`jj rlsujt `b c imgp`jl-t`gl lrrmr.
Vcr`ckjls V cr`ckjls • • • •
^r`g`t`vl typls crl spli`cj actc typls ku`jt `btm tol jcbducdl5 toly crl bmt mkhlits irlctla frmg c ijcss. C j`tlrcj `s `s tol smuril imal rlprlslbtct`mb mf c f`xla vcjul5 j`tlrcjs crl rlprlslbtla a`rlitjy `b ymur imal w`tomut rlqu`r`bd imgputct`mb Qol ely wmra blw `s bmt rlqu`rla fmr @b`t`cj`z`bd c vcr`ckjl mf c pr`g`t`vl typl
kmmjlcb rlsujt 7 trul5 iocr icp`tcjJlttlr 7 ‚I‗5 kytl k 7 3>>5 somrt s 7 3>>>5 `bt @ 7 3>>>>>5
