NAT|ONAL
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CENGAGE Lеаrпiпg,
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Angela Неаlап Katrina Gormley
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Yочr Wоr[d р 5-1б
2 Mysteries of the Wor[d р t7-28
REV|EW 1, Vocabulary & Grаmmаr
Тhе Power of Colour; multiple_choice questions
реор e_related Words. collocations & expressions, preposition5
present 5imple, ргеýепt continuoUS, stative чеrьs, articles
Тhе Mystery of tbe lйауа; m;sýiпg 5епtепсе5
mystery-feiated Words, рhrаsаl чеrЬs, Word formation
past sjmple, past continuous, used to, v1lould, Ье Used to & get Lrsed to
hеаlth_ & fitnes5_related WordS, pгepo5itions.
present реrfесt Simple & present perfect continuouS, fo r, since,lately,
р 29-30 Тhе Secrets of Long Life; multjple гпаtсhiпg
3 Fit as а Fiddte р
со locations & ехрrеssiопs
31-42 То the Edge of Space;
4 Technotogicat Marve[s р
multiple-choice questions
4з-54
REV|EW 2: Vocabulary & Orаmmаr
Тhе Vision; missing
6 Living History
King Tlrt's Family Secrets;
mUltiple-choice qUest;ons
р 69-80
REV|EW 3, Vocabulary & Grаmmаr
р
Wild World
adverti5ements; mu]tip]e-choice questionS
р 95-106
Yama5hita;
Land of Firе and lce; muitiple-choice qUe5tionS
REV|EW 5, Vocabulary & Grаmmаr
р
'l1 Сrimе Time
Collocations & l
t2
Expressions:
Prepositions: Phrasal Verbs, Speaking lnformation:
media-related words, phrasal
passive voice: tenses. gerundý, infinitives & modal verbs, impersonai
чеrЬs, Wоrd {ormation
Wогk_rеlаtеd WordS, со| ocations & expressions,
reported speech: stateгaents, question5, commands & requests, rероrtlпg VеrЬ5
holiday- & travel-related words, word formation & рЬгаsаl verbs
conditionals: zеrо, first, second & third, miХed conditiona15, conditiona 5 Without i{ Wisb & if оп/у
crime_reIated words, со locations & expressions,
relative clauses: defining & non defining, participle с auses
{ashion & shopping-related wоrds, рhrаsаl verbs, word
causative, iпчеrsiоп: under по circurnstances, пёvеr & лоt оп/у,.. bUt a/so, it! (aboutlhiglr) time
prepoSitions
prepoSitions
Тhе Decade That Fаshiоп Forgot; multiple matching
REvlEW 6, Vocabulary & Grammar р 159-160
Rеfеrепсе, lrregular Verbs: Writing Reference, Speaking Reference,
gerUnd5 & in{initives, make & /et. соmрагiSоп of adjectives & adverbs, too, enough, so & such
tзз_l34
Littledean Jai ; multiple-choice questions
р 1з5-,l46
Grammar
natural disaster rе ated words. coJlocations & expгessions,
missing sentences
р 121-,lз2
I
an
interview with Michael
I0 See the Wortd
I
past perfect simple & past perfect continuous, question taqs, pronouns
р 107-108 А Life iп Pictures;
р 147-158
history-related words, phrasal чеrьs, wоrd formation
& personalýtructures
REV|EW 4, VосаЬчtаry & Grammar
l2 Yоч Are What You Wеаr
moda s, semi_modals, modalS perfect
prepositions
8 Media Matters
l
success & ambition
8I-82
Frеаkу Fоrсеs of Nаtuге; гпultiрlе matching
р 8з-94
р 109-120
future simple, sha//, Ье going to, futurб continuous & {чtчге perfect sirnple, temporals
related Words, prepoSitionS. col ocations & expгessions
р 57-68
9 Making а Living
technology related words, wогd formation, phrasal чегЬs
р 55-56
5 High-Ftyers
7
a/ready, yet & sti/l, countab]e & uпсоUпtаЫе поUпS, quantifiers
р 161-I75 р 176-177 р 178-185 р 186 р 187 р 188 р 189 р l90
formation
.эесhоiсеqUеstiопs ::-,eS)
..
talking about perSonal]ties, prob em SolVing, recommending
iп{оrгпаl еttеr,
Dreamt]me PainterS
Mar{a Lights
USing colourful ]diomS & рhгаSа VеrЬS
-ipe_choicequeStionS
talking about mysteries, decision making, persuadinq & convincinq
story
::
ta king about stress, comparing
article,
:ak п9
- iip]e choice questions
: р]е
-,
гпаtсhiпg
t ple-choice questionS
- _.:ё
taking
photographs, sequencing ideas
uSing adjectiVes апd adverbs
g]Vlng adv]ce
talking about tесhпо]оgу, согпраriпg рhоtоgгарhs, раrарhга5iп9
email, с auses о{ reason & contrast
talk]ng aboUt ambjtion and success, deciS]on making, expreSsing certa]nty &
e5Say,
ta]king about hiStory decision making, ехргеssiпg ап opinion
iпfоrmаl letter,
ta king about thе паtuга Wor]d, соmрагiпg photographs, asking for
Stогу,
presentin9 аrguпrепts
trsing
quаliiегs
Sequencing events
Тhе Sc]ence о{ Stress
Сгоssiпg Antarctica
Giza Pyramids
Тогпаdо Сhаs-^
с ar]f]cation
-l t ple_choice questions .:ctures)
talkin9 about thе media, deciSion making, shoWing that you аrе ]iSteninq
editing уоur Work
^-J t]p е matching
ta]king about Work, conrparing рhоtоgrарЬ5, сопSidегiпg aLternativeS
presentingfactua information
irru]t]ple_choice questions
ta]kin9 aborlt hol]days, decision making, stating Preferences & 9iVing rеаsопs
агtiс е, adjeccives
Тhе Exciting Streets of
ta]king about сrimе, рrоЬ enr 5о Ving, su99eSt]ng a]ternativeS
e5Say,
Cambodia Animal Rescue
talking about fаshiоп, comparing рhоtо9rарh5, giving yoUrself tiгпе to
revieщ
rlultip е choice questions
mUltiple choice questions
thin k
Ыа]пstогmiпg
Supporting уоur агqumепts
History о{ Eilm
Wildf]ге Рhоtоqгарhег
ваrсеlопа
тhе дrt о{ Makinq Si|k
Reading: article,multiple-choicequestions
Vocabulary: people-related Words, colIocations & expressions, prepositions Grаmmаr: present simple, рrеsепt continuous, articles Listening: muItiple-choicequestions(pictures) Speaking: talking about personalities, рrоЬIеm solving, recommending Writing: informal letter, using colourful idioms & рhrаsаl чеrЬs
Роаd\по1 А
What do you associate the colours red, yellow апd Ыче with? А computergenerated
image (ri9ht) shows what а соlоur-ыiпd реrsоп sees.
dye: о mап-mаdе suЬstапсе 'ynthetic that сhапgе' the соIоur of sоmеthiпg dоmiлапсе: Ьеiпgmоrе important оr роwеrful thап other people or things
stimulont: sоmеthiпg that makes the miпd оr body mоrе active
stobility whеп somethingis not likely to
В
сhапgе
col
Kead the article below. What new things did you learn about the
colours listed?
The ?оwеr о4
ж А girl апd а rainbow of
crushed ice flavours at Chowpatty Beach, lndia
i ::
:
l
f
Е
t
mоurпiпg:
that уоц show апd
'аdпеss feelwheп somebody dies
Еаrlу humans saw а variety of паtuгаl colours around them, {rоm the Ьrоwпs and greens of the soil and р ants to the deep Ь ues and геd of thе sky. They parnted 1heir bodies w-h colo.lts'ro.г nature ta signal aggression toward an еlеп,у, оr lо ,nal е ll^er selves aTtrdcт ve to а mate.
over the centuries. the sоurсеs
о{
соlоurs such as blue, purp е and rеd were high у valued and they wеrе often worth as much as go d. lп the 19th century, а young chemistry Student manu{actured the {irst synthetic dye, and sudden у the world became а muсh mоrе colourful рlасе, ]п the 20th century, scientists discovered the psychologica effects of colours, and реорlе found ways to use this discovery to influence our fee inqs and behaviour,
kd
Red, thе co]our of Lэlood, symbolises fire, love and апgеr lп Еаstеrп cultures, people Ье ieve it Ыings luсk, wealth and success, ln humans, the со оur rеd сап send diflerent messages, Some реорlе redden, fоr example, when they аrе апgrу оr еmЬаrrаssеd, Researchers have discovered that in sрогts the team thal is wea" -9 ,ed is rore lil,e у to win, Why? Because red seems to Ье the соlоUr f,dI .iola'5 ооri d -е, 9 vin9 those dressed in red ап advantage
с
Choose the answer (а, Ь, с оr d) whiсh fits best according to the text.
1
The first man-made colours were produced а in the 1 9th century, ь in the 20th century, с only recently. d centurie5 а9о.
According to thе text, thе соlочr red а symbolises bad luck. Ь is believed to embarrass реорlе, с makes people less aggressive. d gives ап advantaqe to team members who wear it, Yellow is used to highlight information in а text because а it iS ап imрогtапt соlоur. Ь it is а highly чisiЫе со]очr. с it сап Ье used to caution people. d реорlе рrеfеr this соlочr to other colour5. Whаt аrе English sреаkегs referring to when they talk ab,out Ъеliпg b/ue' (раrа 5, liпе 12)? а being sad Ь being in сопtrоl с Ьеiпg upset when someone dies d being саlm The рhrаsе this idea (para 6, line 5) refers to
а Ь с d
. - sons are less aggressive whеп the ,,, э s аrе а specific shade of pink,
,:
э,rr|,| ow, the со]оur that comes to mind
.,,.lеп we think of suпshiпе, is found
:d
,еу aS
]m in-
multiple-choice i5 in
t
questionS, a5k yoU rSelf if each option 1 true оr false based оп What is Written i the text.This Will hеlр you to eliminate i options that are сlеаrlу :
wrong,
*-.*_,..,-.".i
'Get the meaning!
D
Complete thе sentences with these adjectives
from the text.
ag9гessive attractive depressed еmЬагrаssеd trustworthy 1
Реорlе rеlу on you
2
you are you are sad and feel that you cannot en,ioy anything.
3 4
if
you are
lf
You feel ashamed оr shу if you are
When реорlе аrе
they
Somebody who is to look at.
i5
behave angrily or violently toward others. pleasant
relaxation.
painting roomS.
- Sрогtiп9 events. lп mапу animal ::эсiеs (including humanS), contact ,, :п this bold соlочr causes the hеагi -::е to increase, However. опе of -:C's ighter shades, pink, сап have --:,oooos'te effect оп реорlе, Men in сh
Whеп answering
stopping hunger. food.
What i5 thi5 text mainly about? а how соlоur has а calming effect ь the sources of соlочr с how views of colour have changed d how соlочr influences people
е
Llоsо-Uр
.^roughout nature and the mап-mаdе .,, сг{d as а соlочr that соmmапds .пепtiоп; indeed, it is опе of the easiest .оlоurs to see. This highly чisiЫе shade s fочпd оп everything frоm school . JSeS to traffic 5igп5 and PenS that We JSe to highlight imPortant information п а text. The соlочr is also used to caUtion реорlе; football рlауегs, fоr эхаmрlе, are shown а yellow card as а reminder to Ьеhаче. lt сап Ье used эs а stimulant as well: in а пumьеr of studies, yellow has Ьееп found to hеlр сhildrеп focus on their work and dcl better at school.
Do уоч agree with the author that coIour has а роwегfчl effect оп реорlе? What would you associate the colours grееп, white and Ыасk with? WhаtЪ your favourite соlочr? Do а class survey to find the most popular colour!
hLve
Blue, the соlоur of the sky апd sea, is associated iп many cultures with wаtеr, religious objeсts, and Protection against evil. lts dаrkеr shades rерrеsепt calm, stabi lty and power. Dark blue, {or example, is the соlочr ofthe business suit оr police uniform; it tells others,
'l аm in сопtrоl,'оr'l am trustwоrthу,' вlче is also associated with sadness. ltъ соmmоп in English, for ехаmрlе, when you are leeling sad or depressed, to Talk about'feeling blue" while in lгап, tllue is the colour of mоurп пg, wоrп whеп а реrsоп dies. Like pink, Ыuе has а calminq effect оп people, Rooms painted Ыче help people to rеlах оr sleep. Sleeping pills аrе often coloured Ыuе to suggest exactly this idea. This colour also seems lo reduce feelings о{ hunger, Blue food is rаrеlу seen in nature, and when it is. such food is usually по lопgеr healthy to сопsumе. ltЪ just опе mоrе example of the power that colour can hold over us.
i ]
! ооаVиlаrц А
Complete thе word groups.
athletic betief dергеssiоп gепеrочs gift peacefuI pretty skinny 1
2
апgеr, sadness,
attractive, handsome, thoughtful, considerate,
4 thought, {eeling, 5
В
5kill, talent,
6
саlm, stab]e,
7
fit, healthy,
8
plump, thin,
comPlete the sentences With these words. c[assmate colleague enemy flatmate fоrеigпеr idol реегS strапgеr 1
2
апd l have Ьееп living together fоr six months. We get аlопg rеаIlу weil. Uпfоrtuпаtеlу, tеепаgеrs often give in to pressure from theiг lVly
з А(п)
in the office can sometimes also Ье а good friend.
4
l
5
Jane doesn't like you after you lied to hеr Ithink she's become your worst
hate it When а thoughtless
6
misbehaves in class
-
|'m hеrе to lеагп!
the guitarist Тоm lMorel о. He's super-talented and very сооl! 7 We can t invite that mап to the Party. Не'5 а соrпрlеtе 8
с
is
lVr Boyd is а(п)
who has Ьееп living in оur сочпtrу fоr уеаrs.
choose the correct answers.
1
Whепечеr l'm {eeling Ыuе, mу friends а remind rесаll
Ь
always с
me that things will get better.
rеmеmьег
2 _ is nice, but mопеу can't buy health оr happiness. а Luck Ь Stability с Wealth 3 Тhе comedian was and went Ыight red whеп nobody laughed at his jokes. а embarrassed Ь епtеrtаiпеd с amused 4 l often ask my раrепts to me how to do things. Тhеу have lots to teach me, а signal Ь show с highli9ht 5 Fоr me, lеаrпiпg something new is a(n) in itself. а punishment Ь reward с aggresslon 6 Тhе _ l wеаr say а ]ot about my peгsonality. а uпifоrms Ь objects с clothes 7 Playing оп а baseball has taught mе how to work with others to achieve а goal. а group Ь team с class 8 Coffee is the most popular for реорlе working ог studying. lt helps them stay awake. а dоmiпапсе Ь stimulant с stability D
Read the quotes below and explain what thеу mean. Do you agree with thёm?
. . . .
'Тhе опlу way to make а mап trustworthy is to trust him.' (Непrу L. Stimson) 'With mопеу in уоur pocket уоu аrе wise, you аrе handsome and you sing well tоо.'(РrочеrЬ) 'Always forgive your enemies; nothing annoys them so much.' (Оsсаг Wilde) 'The реrsоп who knows how to laugh at himse { will печеr cease to Ье amused.' (Shirley Maclaine)
с Present Simple & Preýent Continuous
А
{',
{}
1
Discuss which present tense we use whеп we talk about the following situations:
а Ь с d е f 9 h i
2
9епеrаl truths and scientific faсts аппоуiпg habits (with always, continually, forever; etc) actions happening now and temporary situations habits, гереаtеd act'ons and реrmапепt Situations future plans futuге actions based оп timеtаыеd and scheduled events narratives (eg а story, а joke, а plot and Sports commentarieS) сhапgiпg and developing 5ituations in the present what is hаррепiпg iп а рiсtuге
4 5 6 7
The еагth goes round thе sun in about 365 days. А,rе you visiting уочr parents at Christmas?
!
4 5
friend lives in the UK. f_] Тhе meeting starts at З pm tоmоrrоW.
7 8
]0
fI
П
Тhе Ьоу and girl in the photo are playing in their
9
That man is forever trying to control everybody!
garden,
f
]
!
Ве саrеfчl! stative verbs аrе not used in continuous tenses. тhе most соmmоп stative Verbs refer to emotionS, senses, states of Tind and possession. However, some verbs сап Ье both stative and action verbs, but with а different meaning. How does thе meaning of think сhапgе iп the sentences below? а scientists think that соlоur5 affect оur emotions. Ь The scientists аrе thinking of рчЫishiпg ап агtiсlе about their experiment. Read ?. r-1.3 of the Grammar Rеfеrелсе ап pages before you do the tasks.
1
61 -1
62
(often / поt
Тhе students (seem) tired at the mоmепt,
Му dad (always / forget) my mumЪ birthday! lt really
iпfluепсе) our emotion5?
(colours /
The пumЬеr of реорlе studying psychology these days. This year l (focus) on my university studies.
9We
lVly
8
catch) the ']2 o'clock bus to the city.
(increase)
!
Тhе town lwas Ьоrп in is attracting more and mоrе tourists these days. f 1
(take) а Не short пар in the afternoons to rеdчсе Stre55.
аппоуs her,
А man goes to visit his friend апd finds him playing chess with his cat. !
Тhе сustоmеr is shouting because she's апgrу.
This quiz оп peгsonality уоч'rе doing (sound) intereSting.
3 Не_
Match these sentences with опе use of thе present Simple or the Preýent Continuous in А.
'l 2 З
Complete the sentences using thе Present Simple or thе Present Continuous of the verbs in Ыackets.
(not have) а mееtiгg with the schoo| direclor next week, l think James (behave) quite calmly, even though he is under рrеSSurе at the moment.
D circle
the correct words.
According to mапу psychologisЪ, уочr {avourite colour (1) is showing / shows something about уоur personality. Look at What these colours say about sоmеопеЪ character. (2) Do you а9rее / Are you a9reeing with the conclusioл5 they came to? Black: People who (3) like / аrе liking Ыасk want everything to Ье регfесt all the time. (4) Have you / Аrе you having difficulties with 50mething? Then these are the реорlе to hеlр you. They are also good at finding mistakes and they love puzzles! Blue: Реорlе who like Ыче are emotional. These people do not usually / do usually not trust оthеr people very much. Тhеу аrе calm and (6) аrеп't expressing / (5)
don't express their feeIings. Аrе you needing / Do you need а good {riend to share your secrets? Then а реrsоп who likes yellow is best. Тhеу аrе also imaginative and like
Yellow:
(7)
helpinq people.
Green: Реорlе who like grееп аrе easy-9oing, understanding and friendly. Тhеу (8) often Ыiпg / Ыiпg often реасе during arguments. Тhеу also like shopping and owning expensive things. Red: (9) Do you want / Are you wanting to have fun? These are thе реорlе to go out With. Тhеу (10) аrе / аrе being very sосiаЫе and energetic реорlе. Тhеу аrе also good leaders and like taking risks.
L\stеч\чq А б
Lirr"n to this dialogue and answer the three questions below. The answers аrе shown as pictures. Write а, Ь or с.
1 2 3
What was the oriqinal рriсе of the kitchen? What рriсе did the wоmап Suggest for the kitchen?
What рriсе did they {iпаllу аgrее on?
L] ]
L
Llоsо-Uу
Read the conversation below and then come up with three possible questions that could follow this dialogue.
When you аrе listening to а dial09ue, don'tjUst focus оп the la5t thin9 уоч hеаr. The qUestion miqht refer to the beginning or ечеп to the middle ofthe (onversation. Take notes, if песеssаrу, to help you remember what you hear.
Мап:
So did you mапа9е to find а nice jacket at the shops? Woman: Well. lfound lots о{ nice jackets, but it took me а lопg time to decide which соlочr to get, First, l wanted а Ыuе one because Ыuе is mу favouгite colour. Тhеп, l thought l'd get something brighter, so I chose а рiпk опе, but finally l decided оп this Ыоwп опе, which will go with most things in my wаrdrоЬе.
с
(
.You will hear eight Shоft conversations. After еасh conversation, you will Ье asked а question about What you heard. The answer choices аrе shown а5 pictures (а, Ь and с). Circle the letter of the соrrесt answer. You will hеаr еасh conversation only опсе.
& ц в
10
!/z
lA
>ре
аИqа)
Work with а Partner and answer these questions. . what kind of а реrsопаlitу have you got?
. .
what do you like lэеst about your регsопаlitу? Do you prefer to Ье in big or small groups?
э Look at the following words which describe реорlеЪ personalities and match them to the descriptions.
2 artistic З adventurous
t] I
4 ambitious t ] 5 sporty t] 6 amusing ]
you want to get fit, l rесоmmепd playing а lot of sport. l рlау tennis and baskett,all every day, and l love it. l'd advise уоu to do something you think is fun though. She paints beautiful pictures and takes amazing photo9raphs. Perhaps she should сопsidеr organisin9 hег оwп exhit,ition at the local commUnity centre. lf
L'm not чеrу fit really, but l do enjoy а сhаllепgе. l try to avoid sрогt. Му friend suggested that l hike through Pembrokeshire in Wales. I'm 9oing next year and l'm rеаllу excited,
tе
really Wants to succeed in life! Тhе {iгst option for him is to go to university and study marketing апd economics, The second option is to get а job with а good соmрапу and work his way up, Му rесоmmепdаtiоп is that you volunteer at an апimаl shеltег. Тhеу always пееd heLp and they've печеr got эпоugh money to рау for staff. You'd enjoy it and you'd Ье helping animals in need. think you shouLd meet my friend Marian, She's thе {unniest регsоп l know. She does some stand-up comedy and hеr stories аrе rеа]lу entertaining. We should 9о апd watch hег one evening soon, 1
]
Work in pairs. Student А should look at the pictures and
thе information below.Student В should look at thе cictures below and use the information on ра9е 190. Remember to use thё Useful Expressions. .Jse
Llоэо-Uр Whеп recommendin9 something to уоur partner, make sUre you do it iп а polite Way.What you haveto 5ау i5 jU5t уоur opinion. Yоur partner may agree or he/she may not.That iS the natural course of any сопчегSаtiоп.
ц
4
i Е
5tudent А: Ask these questions to find out
what уоuг partner's ргоЬlеrп is and thеп give уоuг раrtпеr some good advice, . What is the prob!em? . What are the options? . what аrе the disadvantages of each option?
;
fl
х Usе|цl {xpross\oyls Recommending
think the first/Second option i5 best because,.. ltЪ better to .,. than... la advise you to ,.. l
-.l
t
,*._]E'ifiI}n
Му recommendation/sugge5tion
Эiscuss this question With а partner.
.
s it ever а good idea to lie to а friend оr should you always tell the truth? whу?,лNhу not? 1,|
Y
ооаVиlаrц
Collocations & Expressions
А circle the correct words. ] You can rеаllу save / make time if you take the bus. The tram is so slow! 2 lthink we should аll try to do / make а difference Ьу helping others. 3 Make sure you keep / lose in touch Ьу sending postcards and emails while уоu'rе travelling. 4 А good way to Ь,rеаk / smash the ice is to tell а joke. 5 Try to save / use your strength. You've got а long day ahead of you tоmоrrоw. 6 l didn't want to make / get trоuЫе for Phil, but l had to tell the teacher he was cheating. 7 You have to trу hard to Ьгеаk / mаl<е а bad habit - it isn't easy. 8 You must always kеер / save а promiýe that you've made to someone and do what you've said you'll do. в choose the correct answers. 1 lf you see red, you аге а very апgrу Ь very calm 2 Whеп you аrе {eeling blue, you are а сhееrful Ь sad оr depressed З lf you аге grееп with envy, you аrе а jealous Ь suspicious 4 When а person is tickled pink about something, they аrе _. а very pleased Ь чегу tired 5 Тhе Ыасk sheep of the family is the реrsоп who is а unlike the others Ь the 5аmе as the others 6 l{you saysomeone isas good as gold, you meantheyare а naughty ь well-behaved Prepositions
С
Complete the sentences with these prepositions. Some prepositions сап Ье used more thап once.
at in of оп to 1 2 3 4 5 6 D
with
You rеаJlу shouldn't shочt
_
уочr mоthеr.
Му boss said he has great confidence _ me. l hope my new diet and daily exercise will have а positive
effect l
mе.
don't want to Ье associated
He'S а nasty реr5оп.
_
Gary is getting епgаgеd they have very little _ __.
Jоhп апу more.
._
Lucy even though
соmmоп.
James is old-fashioned. Не doesn't approve wоmеп рауiпg their share of the bill,
_
Discuss these questions with а partner. What makes you see red? What makes you feel Ыче? Whеп did you last feel green with envy? Why? WhаtЪ а good way to Ыеаk the ice whеп you meet sоmеопе пеw? How important i5 it to make а difference in the world? Why? How do you keep in tоuсh with уоur friends?
12
АЁiсlеs
А
Read the sentences and чпdеrliпе the articles. Then answer the questions.
а ь 'l 2
Red is а colour. Red is the соlочr of Ыооd. Which sentence talks about something in gепеrаl? Which sentence talks about something
specific?
! П
Read the sentences and look at which articles (if апу) are used with thё почпs in bold. Тhеп, answer the question5.
а Ь с d е f
What are your favourite соlочrs? The education l got at school didn't really prepare mе for rеаl life. А child should grow up in а loving family. The teachers at this school are very suрроrtiче. Depression сап lead to very serious health рrоЫеms. А famous psychologist hаs come up with а new personality test. Тhе psychologist thinks it will help us uпdеrstапd ourselves better.
Which ехаmрlе shows us
1 2 3 4 5 6
а поuп that has Ьееп used for the first time and then mentioned а9аiп with а different article? а specific plural noun? а specific uпсочпtаЫе почп?
а plural почп without ап аrtiсlе and used with а 9епеrаl meaning? а singular сочпtаЫе почп with а 9епеrаl mеапiпg? ап чпсочпtаЫе поuп used with а 9епеrаl mеапiпg?
п п п п п п
Grсlе thе correct words to complete the rules.
-re
definite / inde{inite article is used before singular соuпtаЫе почпs to refer to them in а general sense оr to mention
:-em for the first time.
-re
definite / indefinite article is used Ьеfоrе singular апd plural соuпtаые and чпсоuпtаые почп5 to refer to them in а :cecific sense. lt is also used when something has already Ьееп mentioned. Read '1.4-r.5 oftfie Grаmmаr Rеfеrепсе оп ра9е 'l62 before уоч do the tasks.
с
circle thе correct words.
1 2 З 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
\
А / The / Ап university education is а 9reat start iп life. А / , / rhе British pre{er grееп apples to red опеs. l knew
that mап would епd up in the / а / - prison
one day. lйу friend works aS the / а / - Scientist.
Relaxing for ап / а / the hour in а green room сап help you rеlах.
D
These sentences еасh contain а mistakё. Find the mistakes and then write the correct sentences in уочr notebook.
1 2 3 4
This is а very good advice,
Today is very hot day. l'm tired, so lthink lwill go to the bed.
Some реорlе don't have the Ыeakfast in the mornings.
Wearing the / а / - red clothes makes you stand out in а crowd.
5 The maths is my favourite sub.iect at school. 6
Gobi Desert is iп Asia.
She has а / the / - special place in hеr house where she relaxes.
7
[V]ount
Nowadays, пеаrlу аll the / а / реорlе have got а computer at hоmе. Paint your kitchen yellow to iпсгеаsе ап / а / the appetite о{ your family.
olympuS
iS
highest mountain iп Grеесе.
to go to an university iп London next уеаr. 9 The Chinese is а very difficult lапguа9е. 8
l Want
10 Nile
is
the longest river in Аfriса.
We Went to that пеW restaurant and the / а / - diппеr we had was great.
1з
=ъ
vtlrrfiи11
q
Using colourful idioms & phrasal verbs Whеп you write ап informal letter to someone, чsе а few соlоur{чl idioms апd phrasal verbs to make уочr writing sound mоrе паturаl, mоrе informal and mоrе interesting. When you learn new idioms and рhrаsаl verbs, make surе you make а note of the structure that follows them, so that you use them рrореrlу. Fоr example, check to see i{ they аrе followed Ьу а поuп, an in{initive, а gerund ог а preposition.
А
Маtсh the idioms and phrasal verbs with their meanings.
1 2 З 4 5 6 7 8 В
get оп well with have loads iп соmmоп with get on somebody's nerves Ье into
а
Ье а паtчrаl at
hапg out with sоmеопеЪ пumЕ,еr опе
look forward to something hаррепiпg
ь hаче the same tastes and interests
I J
d
f
9
Ье extremely good at
h
spend leisure time with
а5
с rеаllу like, Ье а fan о{ have а 9ood гelationship with Ье someone's favourite реrsоп оr thing I annoy 5omeone
t] t]
Ье dying tolfor
Ь,е
t]
п
Пеаd the writing task and answer the questions below. Your Епglish tеасhеr at schoo/ has аrrапgеd релра/s for а// the students iп уоur c/ass, 5о that you can рrа ctise writing iп Епgllsh. write а /etter to your пеw репраl introducing yourself апd уоur family апd talking about the ihings you /ikei 1 What kind of task do you have to write?
2 3 4 5 С
How many things аrе you asked to iпсlчdе in уоuг letter?
What аrе they?
What details could you give about yourself and уоur {amily? What things would а репраl Ье interested iп knowingthatyou like?
Complete the model letter with оп, iп, with, to оr into. Hi Nuriа, teacl]er gave mе уоцr profile, How ale yo!r? I'm Lyndsay youl new penpal, Му English
Guesswhat?We'vegotloads(1).-common.For.astalt,WeWeIebornonthesaпreday-l7th older sisters! Тhеу аrе great in_general, but octobel! ISnt that a-""i"gi arr" Р" rike уоч I've got two Sometimes We get ( 2) Do you get on well (3)
'
'-_
-
each oiher's nerves
- esPecially
When We 'borrow' each others' clothes!
yours?
Mymumanddadarecool'DadЪgotaclothesshopwhichsellsallthelatestfashions.MumЪalawyel,Sosheъ аЙауs veTy busy, What do yotrr parents do?
ThethingsthatIlikedoingmostaregymnasticsandlisteningtomusic.ldogymnasticsthleetimesaweek fol at the district championship this уеа, AS u and I train теаllу h,.rd, rrr*'ii;;; i .l'il hoping to -in -edil Justin BeibeL Are you а fan?
musiс, I'm really (4)
Well, that's all for the moment, Write Soon, I'm dying Take care,
Lyndsay 14
--
(5)
firrd оцt mоrе about you!
-
_
э
]
,
ck again
!
Read the model letter again and tick the things the Writer has done.
1 2 З 4 5 5
explained who shе is written about similarities between hеr and Nuria given infoгmation about hеr immediate family
mentioned опlу опе thing she likes writtеп iп а сhееrful tопе
included addгesses
t]
п
J l_ f
iVrite the correct paragraph number frоm the model letter ,]ext to theSe descriptions.
э Ь с J е
Discuss the things you
like.
Talk about the things you have in common with thе rеаdеr.
Ask about the reader and introduce yourself
family. апd sign off.
Ыiеflу.
l
Та k about оthеr members of your
Вгiпg the letter to ап end
П ] ]
t
]
Look at the Useful Expressions and complete these questions. Sometimes more thап опе answer is possible. 2
rock or рор music? the оthеr kids in your class?
з
in соmрutеr gагпеs?
4 5
band of all time?
lVhat does уоuг mum do
6
at drawing?
|1пg !п
What is уоuг Ыоthеr
are you taking this уеаr? 1
Э, еr to youI --: Read the writing task and make а раrаgrарh рlап for уоur letter. Remember to include some colourful idioms and some phrasal verbs to make your letter more {riendly and interesting. '/эчr English teacher at schoo/ has аrrапgеd penpa/s fоr а// the students
- your c/ass so that уоu сап рrасtiiе writing iп English, write а letter :э уоUr пеW penpal iпtrоduсiпg уоцrsеlf, your friends апd te!!ing уоur эепраl about уочr favourite schoo/ sutryects- (12О-l8О words)
Lloso-|)p When you Wrjte а lelter to а penpal, you should show ап inteгest in him or her Ьу ачkiпg а few questions. 'hpse qUestions sound mоге natural ifyou putthem atthe end of а description of уоur own. Fоr example, if you write аЬоцt уоUr parents, you сап ask about уоuг penpal's parents immediately
i.
i
afterwardb,
USе|цl {xpress\oцs Asking generally about the reader HoW аге уоч?
What have you Ьееп up to lately?
HOWarethingsin...?
A5king about family and friends What are your brothers/sisters/mum and dad/best friends like? How mапу people аге there in уоUr family? WhаtЪ it like bejn9 ап опlу child? Where does your best friend live? Do you get on Well With ...? Have you got а lot in соmmоп With ...? How old islare...? HoW long have you Ьееп best friends? What does ... do fоr а living? What iS ... job?
Asking about likes/dislikes
Are you а fan of ...? Are you into .,.?
Areyou interested in .,.?
What qets оп yoUr пеrче5? WhаtЗ уоUr number опе ..,?
Asking about school
WhоЪ yoUr favoUrite teacher? WhаtЪ уоUr best/favoUrite 5ubject? Which subjects аrе уоч taking thi5 уеаr? Аrе уоU qood/a natural at ..,?
,l5
Before you watch
А
Match thе words to the meanlngs.
1 2 З 4
outback П Aboriginal П civilisation П image П
5 rерtilе L] 6 deterioration I l
а
pictu rе
Ь
Ьесоmiпg worse
с cold-blooded animal that lays eggs (snake, crocodile, turtle, etc) d
area of Australia, fаr away frоm the coast and towns, especially the dеsегts in central Australia
е the way of life and culture of а society from а particular раrt of the wоrld t relating to the first реорlе of Australia
While you watch
в
watch the DvD and decide if thesё statements are true or false. write т for true and F for false.
1 2 З 4 5 6
А lot of Dreamtime paintings at Kakadu National Park аrе очеr З0,000 уеаrs old. lап lV]orris thinks that Aboriginal paintin9s аrе similar to ancient rock paintinqs frоm other continents. The Aborigines have lived iп the land we now call Australia for between 40,000 and 100,0О0 years.
Ancient Aboriginal аrt describes everyday life, tells stories about anima{s and sometimes ечеп about wars. lf ап Aboriginal grочр painted kangaroos, they also painted tuгtles апd birds. Тhеrе haven't been апу Aboriginal rock artists since the 1960s.
After you watch
С
Complete the summary ofthe DVD below using these words.
Ьагk due human tandscape Loss mеmоriеs огigiпаt rapidty rесоrds
specific
Ачstrаliа is а very Jarge country with а varied (1) lt has rainforests, the outback dеsегt апd the seaside. Australia has also got а чеrу lопg history that goes back to ап ancient реорlе, Тhеу lived there mапу thousands of years а9о and sti{l live there поw. lп fact, they are the oldest continuous (2') _ счlturе оп Earth. They аrе the Aborigines о{ Australia. Long Ьеfоге thеrе Wеrе towns in Australia, Aboriginal aгtists painted the Dreamtime, the Аtrоrigiпаl story of the beginning of the world. The ancient Aboriginal artists thought that thеir paintings had special powers. lf they wanted to catch а lot of fish, they painted а lot of fish. They also had special rulеs. Fоr example, they painted certain types о{ pictures at (3) times of the year. Today, many of the (4) rock paintinqs are losing thеir соlоur. This is (5) to bad weather as well as insects and reptiles walking over them. Naturalists Iike lan lVorris аrе trying to {ight these agents of deterioration in оrdеr to prevent the (6) of these wonderful paintings. They аrе the oldest art (7) of humап civilisation in the world and thev must Ье protected. Hopefully, these paintings will hеlр save the (8) of the ancient world of the Aborigines in а mоdеrп (9) worJd that is changing. lVodern АЬоrigiпаl artists are also trying to help keep their traditions Ьу painting pictures on (10) Contemporary Aboriginal агt is gettin9 mоrе and mоrе famous, and чеrу expensive.
D
16
,
рареr and wood.
Discuss these questions With а partner.
. . .
Aboriginal аrt is а tradition in Australia. What аrе some ofthe traditional types of агt in уоur country? Are traditional arts in dапgеr of disappearing? What аrе the рrоЫеmsthеу might{ace iп thе futчrе? which ancient civilisation would you like to find out more аьочt? Explain why.
tr
f
п п п п
article, mis5ing 5entences mystery-reIated words, рhrаsа| verbs, wоrd formation past simple, past continuous, used to, would, Ье used to &get used to multiple-choice questions taIking about mysteries, decision making, persuading & convincing story, using adiectives and adverbs
Сепtrum
Тhе places and things below are all associated with mysteries. What do you know about them?
. . .
the LoSt city о{ Atlantis the Bermuda Triangle the Easter lsland statues
. .
the Nazca Lines
Stonehenge
Quickly read the text about the Мауа and match the descriptions а-е with each of the paragraphs 1-5.
а Ь с d е
Look at theories about апоthег рlасе iп detaiJ, ] wi Ье researched in the future.
Say why the mystery of thе Мауа
Look at а thеоrу about what hаррепеd in опе р асе in detail.
i.ir'fo|esi:
а
forest iп о tгорiсаl
аrео whеrе thеrе is а lot of rаjп
fl
lпtrоduсе the lVaya, thеir hаlэitаt and thеir disappearance. Talk about different theories that аrсhаео ogists have about what happened to the Мауа, ]
L
Yfuж М sý& Уý Ф#
i,! rti с |)lt. eri.:.] r|s: people who have Ьееп liчiпg iп Nогth апd Sоuth дmегiса siпсе well Ьеfоrе Еuгореоп5 аrгiчеd \,,
e,|1-iilt|ae: to surrоuпd ог enclose samething |,\,:i,e a,,!i:
dе9trоу sоmеthiпg
completely
t,, с:,- -:r::. !,l'::зс! : hочiпg too mqпу people fог the amount food апd 5росе available
of
:.:с'е:lll:: а lаrgе пumЬег of
people suffеriпgfrоm the 5оmе diseqse qt the same time
hFЪЖ ýdmУЖ
ву cuy cugl;ottd
А lost Wor d lies hidden deep Within the а]IlГсгеst! of central
I':fr,Жit
{iffffi
-
:.]";::,liti;;il
America. HUndredS of citieS and town5 Stand аmопg the trееS. These Used to Ье home to millions of |.,]ai r,le Attle icaitl kпоwп as the Мауа, who lived in the Central Аmеriсап jungle for аррrохirпаtеlу З,000 уеаrs, Тhеу built ап iпсrеdiЫе civiLisation which was at its peak for about 750 years, Fоr mапу of the
iЦ::фЦ:-Н::::+:++!iц,:::,:|,":::?;'#:" proud temp es апd palaces, which аrе now in ruins.
So What happened to these people? Тhеir disappearance is considered опе of the biggest mySterieS in archaeology. Did they аЬапdоп their beautiful cities, ог did 5оmе disasteг ,,,! ]е them oLt? Fоr decades, archaeologists have Ьееп trying to discover what happened, and there i5 5till по аgrееmепt. Theories rапgе frоm the invasion of foreign fогсеs and migration to disease and the collapse of ап с,,,еiрор-] ated Society.2 otherS think that ап срiсепliс caused thousands of deaths, New evidence has rесепtlу Ьееп Ыought to light Ьу ап inveStigation into the lауег5 of mud at the bottom of а ake iп the region, ThiS Suggests that а lопg La5ting drочght was ап important factor in their disappearance. However, there are so mапу possibilities that mапу rе5еаrсhеrS поW believe that it Wa5 а cornbination of two оr mоrе of these things that caused the downfa
То ехаmiпе some of the theorieS about What hаррелеd to the lvlaya, l Went to Сепtгаl Ame[ica. l viSited Мауап cities and talked to the archaeo]ogiStS Who Were studying them. Опе чеrу hot day, l Stood оп а riчеrЬапk пеаr the ruiп5 of Cancuen, which was опсе а thriving c;ty, Thousands of Мауа
,lоэо-Uр -:,,l
уоu do а missing sentences taSk, уоu should :. ior ]lnking words and phrasesthatсоппесtthe j; "g Sentences With the sentences that come before , - : :fter the 9ар. These might Ье determiners like i-.: lal pronouns, the words this and th40 expre55ion5 : r add Somethin9 to What has jUSt Ьееп said; or . , :-:S5ionS that 5hoW contra5t, agreement оr sequence.
-
=ive sentences hаче Ьееп removed {rom the text. choose from the sentences А-F thе one which fits эасh gap (1-5). There is опе extra sentence which you эо not need to use.
i з
Тhеrе just wasn't enough food fоr thе residents. t was decorated with red tiles and had опсе held drinking water fог thе city,
Get the meaning
D
l
Complete the sentences with these verbs in the correct form. аЬапdоп boast Ьriпg ftee Sчffег Weaken
1 2 З 4 5 6
А bad diet will
seriously
Тhе robbers escape the police,
to the mountains to
Did the archaeologist evidence to light?
mеп villagers
Тhе king's Тhе
into the forest.
Тhе castle ten bathrooms.
your b,ody,
пеw а de{eat in batt|e.
their homes and rап sixteen bedrooms and
iоr example, some think а natura disaster like an earthquake оr а volcanic eruption occurred. Today the lVaya's cities are empty. This drought and wаrfаrе рrоЬаЬlу shook the peopJe's faith in their king,
During my visit, it сеrtаiп]у captured mine.
arа
l
ее5. эWп
]tion :
.l се
.
- :э live there and riсh people frоm other cities would go thеrе -: idays. But that аll changed ],2ОО уеа15 ago. Archaeologists . :,lat invaders саmе suddenly, рrоЬаЬlу Ьу сапое. They mау : : эаtt ed With soldiers Ьу the riчеr Ьеfоrе heading into the city :--:-:, followed the path they would have taken and came across - Jz,lg асе next to thp ruirs ofa lаrgе pool. З Ther, -. ,-р а раtomb. The invacers killec the city's leade:s jnd threw : , эсdiеs into the Water. The invasion must have Ьееп quick and . '],ing. The city'S People wеrе ргоЬаЬlу So Scared that they fled : :re rainforest.
.:-it
,пg
]at
а different story in another place that l viSited, the great
, эiТikаl. About 55,ООО people |ived thеrе опсе, and the city
еr :.
.
]
:.ied roughly З,000 mаjоr buildings. Tikal remained а lively :, 'оr decades after Сапсuеп fell, but ечепtчаllу it was al50 ,::-Coned, Why? Archaeologists think the city suffered а drought :: nade it hard to grоW соrп, Ьеап5, squash апd the other foods - :,] Were important iп the diet of the Мауа. Wаrfаrе mау also , ,: weakened the Sociely а5 the people of Tikal battled With . ."lооuriпg cities. 4 The Мауа thought of their rulers as . -;, Whеп the king couldn't bring rаiп or victory, though, people - : , have Stopped listening to him, апd their соmmuпitу then fell -aIever the саusе ol the Maya's disappearance, their downfall continue to capture people's imagination for mапу уеа15 to - : -е. 5 While l was wапdеriлg аmопg the pyramids and :.rp eS at Tikai, l imagined the реорlБ livingihere in the city's ast ::, j, l could picture them huпgrу, tired апd Scared, fleeing from - eir homes. Like the Мауа in mапу places in the rainforests of ::пtrаl Аmеriса, they left behind а great city and а great mystery. ',
Can you think of апу mysteries in уоur сочпtrу? What are they? Why are реорlе so fascinated Ьу mysteries?
1,1ооаVиlаrц А
Match these words 1-8 with their definitions a-h.
1 оссurrепсе П 2 рhепоmепоп П З hoax П 4 clue tJ
5 6 7 8 В
illusion report tomb detective
а Ь с d е f g h
П П П a
something We See that Seems to Ье rеаl but actually isn't something that helps you to solve а mystery
something made of stone where а dead body is placed something that happens а news story about something that has happened
fact оr event in nature оr society, usually one not fully understood а person who solves mysteries or crimes а
а
trick someone uses to fool others
Complete the sentences using both words.
1
2
cave
cemetery disарреаrапсе Experts аrе still confused Ьу the of the body from а grаче in the
odd
Ап апсiепt Native Аmеriсап that the
Тhеrе's а light 5hining
house.
triсk
Don't let the
Yоur
about the Мауап civilisation
are good ones, but you have to support them With 5omething more thап
evidence archaeoto9ist
magician
fool you;
whеп hе cuts the lady in the Ьох in half, it's опlу а
С
Says
is haunted Ьу spirits.
theorieS mЛhs
abandoned
ТhаtЪ iп thе window of that old
legend
Does the
have апу rеаl that the Egyptian pyramids were built Ьу creatures frоm outer space?
Complete the text With these words.
a[iens incidences investigated mysterious practicat jokes rе5еагсhеrS solved witnesses
Опе of еаЁh's little mysteries We all know that the еагth can Ье а(п) (1) рlасе at times. Аll очеr the world, Strange things hарреп and often ечеп experts cannot explain why or how they occur. Take сrор circles for example. Although some people trelieve that these circles are created Ьу (2, most (З) feel that thеrе is something mоrе 'еаrthу' about the circles' creators, lп most (4) they believe that it is humans (5) that are rеsропýiЫе fоr the рlауiп9 поt men travelling iп UFОs. раttеrпS, 9rееп ln опе case that experts (6) it was discovered that two mеп from Southampton, England had designed the 12-mеtrе circle whiсh sudden|y appeared in а lосаl {armer's field опе day. When questioned Ьу police, they denied being involved, but several (7l came forward апd that particular crop circle mystery was quickly (8)
D
Do you agree with these statements? Compare уочr answers with а раЁпеrЪ.
. . . .
lv]ost Ьizаrrе рhепоmепа can Ье explained Ьу scientific evidence. Реорlе who рlау practicaljokes and waste the time of the еmеrgепсу services should Ье punished.
There have breen incidences of aliens visiting our planet. Researchers shouldn't waste their time investigating reports of ghosts and spirits.
Past Simple
А
Match each sentence with опе use о{ the Past 5imрlе.
] 2 З
We watched а documentary оп the Pyramids and Wrote а report about it. I James woke up at fоur o'clock every
mоrпiпg.
!
Agatha christie Wrоtе over 80 detective stories iп hеr lifetime. ;_.,]
We can use the Past Simple for
а
Say5 ritS.
Ь
ап action or situation which started апd finished in the past. actions which happened опе a{ter the other
с
past routines and habits.
in the past,
past continuous
в ;ation
past continuous.
2 З
While the policeman was collecting the evidence, а rероrtеr arrived to ask some questions. f_l J l was reading about thе crop circles while my Ыоthеr was watching а DVD. !
The detective Was investigating the crime scene at ten o'clock this morning. f l
The amazing Coral Castle in Flогidа was the creation of а very сlечеr mап named Еdwаrd Leedskalnin. Leedskalnin (1) (immigrate) to Аmеriса in the early twentieth century and (2) (spend) most of hjs life buildin9 Coral Castle. То build the castle, hе (З) (move) huge stone Ыосks all Ьу himself. How he did this is а mystery because hе (4) (not allow) апуопе to watch while hе (5) (work).
one of Leedskalnin'S most Sресtасчlаr creations
we сап use the past continuous for
а
Complete the text with the correct form of the Past Simple or the Past Continuous of the verbs iп Ыackets.
соrаl castle
Match each sentence with one use of the
1
С
ап action that Was in progress at а specific time in the past. two оr mоrе actions that Were in progress at the same time in the past. an action that Was iп progress in the past that Was interrupted Ьу another action.
Ве careful! Rеmеmьеr that we don't u5е stative verbs in :ontinUous tenSes.
WaS а nine-
tоп revolving door. Тhе door was so well-balanced that it (6) (ореп) with the push о{ а finger. Not,ody could understand how this wогkеd until the door (7) (Ыеаk) in '1986. While engineers (8) (repair) it, they found that Leedskalnin had put а рагt of а truck called а Ьеаriпg in the сепtrе. The епgiпееrs (9) (replace) the bearin9, but the door по lопgеr opens as easily as it did orig in а llу.
Read 2,1-2.2 ol the Grаrпmаr Rеfеrелсе оп page 16З before you do thе tasks.
lп December '195], Leedskalnin (10) (realise) that he (1 1)
(suffer) from ап illness and he put а notice оп the gate of Coral Castle which said'Going to the hospital'. Unfortunately, he (12, (die)there thrее days later, b,ut n::
::-.о :*
.п in
his creation. which tourisъ сап still visit.
]
D
Complete thе sentences With the correct form of the Past Simple or the Past continuous of the verbs in brackets. the archaeologi5t5 some gold colns? (excavate, find) 2
The children
з
thе site when they what the historian
to south Аmеriса last month, Ьut
(поt Understand, Say)
the opportunity to See the
l
Nazca Lines. (trачеl, поt have)
the famous writer mysteriously
his latest novel? (disappear, finish)
5lt
whеп the bizarre accident
before he (rain, hарреп) 21
t-i*tc А
п\лоtr
Match the words to the meanings.
] mystery t ] 2 disappearance I l 3 evidence t4 thеогу L] 5 сопсlusiоп
а Ь с d е
facts оr objects which make you think something is true something we don't fully know or understand а decision about something after having taken into account а l{acts
ап idea you have that tries to ехрlаiп something
the act of leaving sесrеtlу оr without explanation
В [-lirt"n
to these speakers and decide whether the sentences below are trце or false. Write Т (true) or F (false).
1 2 З 4
happened.
! Г Тhе scientistЪ thеоrу was соrrесt, Тhе ехреrts know what hаррепеd in this case. fl Тhе woman knows fоr сеrtаiп what
We know what happened to the two
mеп.
Lloso-Up The answers арреаr iп the 5ame order а5 the questions. lf you can't answer а qUestion, leave jt 5о that уоu don't mi55 the information fог the next qUestion5. Then go back and try to ап5Wеr the question(s) уоч miSsed. Never leave а question unanswered and if you need to, jU5t 9Uess.
С ('
i .
You will heara radio interview about а mystery
on Mount Everest. Fоr questions answer (а, Ь or с).
1
!'
'l
-6 choose the best
Mallory апd lrчiпе made the climb up Everest in
а ь с
1924, 1929. 195з-
We know that Mallory and lrvine а climbed at least 8,000 mеtrеs чр Ечегеst. ь reached the summit of Everest.
с
were on the way back down when they died.
Some peopIe think Маllоrу reached the summit because they found photos ofthe summit оп his body. his wife's photo was found at the summit. his wifеЪ photo was not оп his body.
а Ь с
The discovery of Ma1lory's goggles а tells us that it must hаче Ьееп dагk when hе died. ь tells us what the weather must have Ьееп like when hе died. с doesn't te]l us епоugh to solve the mystery.
Matt Steve'ls thinks Ма lоrу and l.vine
а Ь с
de{initely reached the summit. рrоЬаЬiу rеасhеd the summit. рrоЬаЬ,lу didn't rеасh the summit.
N.4att
а Ь с 22
thinks that MaiJory рrоЬаЫу felJ because
his body had а rope attached to it. his body was covered iп snow, his саmеrа was found with his body.
lп 1999 an ачаlапсhе in thе Himalayas killed climber Alex LoWe, Pictu.ed above in Antarctica, and badly hu* conrad Дпkеr, the diзсочеrеr of
Маllоry's body.
Spe аk\чо1 А
Work with а раrtпеr and answer these questions.
. . .
Whеп you think of mysteries, what comes to mind? Do you like mysteries? Why?/Why not? What is your favourite mystery почеl. film оr TV рrоgrаmmе? Why do you like it?
Read the sentences below and decide which you would use to agree (А), disagree (D) or partly agree (Р) with ап орiпiоп.
[acts
] 2 З 4 5 6 7
З
(
right.
П true. П How сап you say that? П ТhаtЪ exactly what lthink. П l agree with you up to а point, П l'm afraid l don't agree. П lа9rее entirely. П You're absolutely l
don't think that's entirely
Don't.just give one-Word answers; ехрlаiп and justify your answer а5 thi5 Will make your conversation more natural, lf your partner doesn't hаче mчсh to say, try to get feedback from him or her to see if he or she agrees or disagrees With What you are saying.
lmagine that you and your friends want to solve а mystery. Sоmеопе keeps spraying graffiti on the outside of your school at night and you want to find out who it is without being seen. First, talk together about the different items you can use to so|ve thе mystery. Тhеп, decide which two objects would Ье the most useful. Remember to use the Useful Expressions,
,,_
Discuss these questions with а partner. . Why do you think people аrе interested in mysteries? . What qualities does а good detective need? . ls а good mystery опе where you сап't predict thе ending?
. .
Llоsо-Uр
Whу?Лr'r/hу not?
How аrе mystery books different {rоm history books? lf уоч wеrе to write а mystery novei, what would it Ье about?
Иэеfцl {хрrеss\оцs Persuading and convincing
But don't уоч think that ... is а rеаllу good idea? Surely, using ... Won't makethat mчсh ofa difference. ... is а good idea. isnt it? |'m sure youa agree that ... Would hеlр solve the mystery.
phrasal verbs
А
Match thе рhrаsаl verbs to their meanings.
В
1 2 З 4
take
6
believe
out into to in
make ]ook stick
а ь с d е f
L П f П
in [
1
make а certain sound examine facts and iпfогmаtiоп опlу talk аlэоut опе subl'ect mапа9е to See 5omething triсk, deceive Ье surе that somethinq exists
Complete the Sentences With the correct form of the phrasal verbs from А.
1
lt WaS So dark in the rооrп that l
4
carrie Do you lwasn't
ý
ъIl
з
6 The
сочldп't
where апрhiпg was. а loud scream when she thought she saw the yeti| UFOs? l certainly do because l've seen onel
Ьу his pretending to Ье а ghost. mе exactly what happened and please try to
the facts. thе case, but hе couldn't find any clues to help him.
detective
word formation
с
complete the text with the correct form of thе words.
lt's rаiпiпg {atý and frФýýЗ When it
iS
роuriпg with rаiп, we often sar'it's raining cats and
dogs'which sounds totally
(1)
sometimes it's not too far frоm the truthI
, but
(2)
rain is а very bizarre рhелоmепоп, but it's Ьееп reported from all corners of the оlоье. scientists hаче come up with some interesting (З) fог the Strange rain, but haven't Ьееп аЬ]е to рrоче апу of them 5о far. Let'S have а look at а few of the Stran9e5t оссчrrепсеs. ln 19В1, the citizens of Nafpiio in Gгеесе Woke чр to а (4) sight. Hundreds of small gгееп frogs were falling frоm the sky! Тhеrе was апоthеr strange (5) that added to the mystery. Тhе frogs were not ones usually found iп Greece. They were native to North дfriса! (6) , а town in sочthеrп Tasmania experienced Something rаthеr strапgе опе night in 1996. After а thuпdегStоrm, the реорlе of the town found everything outside covered in а (7) White substance. Scienti5ts quickly came to the (8) that it had been rаiпiпg fish eggs оr jelJyfish! Reports of Strange rаiп don't always involve animals though. lп 1857, iп Lake County, California, the (9) had а Sweet treat] Fоr two nights iп а rоw, it rаiпеd suqar crystals! Тhе locals made the best of the (1О) Ьу making syrup from the sugаr!
D
24
RlDlcULE U5UAL
ExPLAlN
REMARK
DlScoVER slMlLAR
sTlcK coNcLUDE RES|DE
5lTUATE
Do you agree with these Statements? Discuss With а Partner.
. . .
l don't believe in ghosts! They just don't eХist. Тhеrе must Ье а logical ехрlалаtiоп {оr.ечеrу mуstегу. We just haven'tfound them all yet. Scientists shouldn't Waste their time |ooking into strang" pb"no."n",
", i} (}
Used to, Would, Ве used to & Get used to
А
Look at the sentences and апswеr the questions below.
а
Му dad used to Ье ап archaeologist when he lived
Ь с d
in Egypt. Brian would read mystery novels when he was on holiday. Тhе detective is used to investigating mysleries, Тhе new police officer is getting used to his duties.
Complete the rule with uýed to or would.
can Ье used to talk about states оr repeated actions in the past, but сап only Ье used to talk about repeated actions in the past. lt can't Ье used to talk about states.
Complete the rules with Ье used to or get used to.
which sentence re{ers to
1 2 З 4
something that is usual or familiar? ап action in the past? а state iп thе past?
the process of something becoming familiar?
п п п п
We use
to talk about actions
or states that are becoming familiar to us. We
use
to talk about actions or
states that are usual or familiar. Read 2,з-2,4 of the Grаmmаr Rеfеrелсе ол page 16З before you do the tasks,
Tick the correct sentences and соrrесt the wrong ones in your notebooks.
1 2 З 4 5 6
с
time,
П П П П l didn't used to рау attention when my grеаt-аuпt told me about hеr adventures. П Michael wouldn't ]ike reading about unexplained mysteries when he was а teenager. ! l\4у
neighbour used to disappear fоr days at
а
Ьоу? Would they live iп that haunted hоusе Ьеfоrе moving to очr street? Репеlоре would to look into every 5trап9е оссurrепсе that she heard about. Did your dad use to watch Dr
lulУhо
whеп he was а young
choose the correct answers.
1
2
lt was difficult, but l slowly got
а
lч]у
а
to Work history WaS
teacher
getting Used to
used in the suп at archaeological sites. Ь to working с working
go on and оп about the lVlayan civilization,
ь
с
was used to
would
З Wеrе answering questions about the exhibits when you worked at the museum? а you used to Ь you get used to с you u5е to 4 | аrсhаеоlоgу before l became а teacher а used to studying Ь used to study с use to study 5 John hearing about amazing places because his fаthег is ап ехрlоrеr, а is used to Ь would с used to 6 _ live in Cairo when you were doing your research? а Did you get used to Ь Did you use to с Would уоч
D
Complete the second sentences so they have а similar meaning to the first sentences. use thе words in bold.
1
2 3 4 5
Tom used to read апуthiпg about the Веrmudа niangie. would апуthiпg about the Bermuda Triangle.
Tom
Тhе children quickly adjusted to their new school. got Тhе children quickly
their пеw school.
Jеппу is worried that she won't Ье able to adapt to the Peruvian lifestyle. used Jenny is worried that she won't Ье аЫе
the Peruvian li{estyle,
At first it was difficult to чsе the lnternet to find information, but now itъ muсh easier аm Now,
l
the lnternet to find information.
Would your lecturer апаlуsе the possible reasons for the disappearance of the dinosaur? to Did your lecturer the dinosaur?
апаlу5е the роssiЫе rеаsопs fоr the disappearance о[
25
Using adjectives and adverbs lmprove уоur stories Ьу using descriptive adjectives and аdчеrЬs of time, place, mаппеr and degree. They help the reader to build up а сlеаrег picture of the реорlе, places and events in the story, as well as to add drаmа апd 5uspense. Remember: . when we U5е two or mоrе adjectiveý together, they usually come in this оrdеr: opinion, size, а9е, shape, colour, origin, material. . whеп we use ad,jectives ending in -edwe describe how 5оmеопе is affected Ьу something, whereas adjectives епdiпg in -iпg dеsсгiЬе how someone оr something affects оthеr5. . when we use mоге thап опе adverb in а sentence, they usually come iп this оrdеr: mаппе1 рlасе, time. BUt When thеrе is а чеrЬ of movement (eg go, ruл, walk)they come in this order: рlасе, mаппеr. time,
А
circle the correct words.
1 2 З 4 5 6 в
Не rап outside qulckly / qrric< у outside. lt had Ьееп the most thri ling / thгiIlеd day of their lives. She wrapped the present USin9 а lопg rеd s] k / si < геd опg riЬЬоп. They sat opposite silentJy / sil,^ntly opposite thе odd statue. lnside the Ьох was а(п) unusual отап9е meta ic / оrапgе L]nUSцa meta lic toy. Everyone was еmЬаrrаssiпg / embarrassed Whеп the Story Was leaked to the рrеss.
Read tbe writing task below and underline the key words. what will you write? who will Ье the main character?
write а story which begins with this sentence:
с
/t
was thе scariest thing 5hе had ечеr seen.
Read the model story and complete it with these adjectives and adverbs.
сагеfчltу сегtаiп enthusiasticalty grееп пегчоustу 5uddenty Weird young lt Was the Scariest thing she had ечеr Seen, As а рhоtоgrарhеr, Jodie was used to seeing (1) and wonderful things, but she had печег seen anything like this.
She was working оп а ýtory about mysteries and had hеаrd that а local forest was haunted, Неr colleague RоЬегt was keen to go there and he (2) agreed to camp thеrе with hеr. But after camping out fоr thrее nights, they had sееп nothing ехtrаоrdiпаrу. Тhеп, at midnight оп the last night, moving green liqhts (З) appeared аmопg thе trees. Jodie took out hеr саmеrа and Started taking photos. She didn't know what the lights were. but they looked чеrу Strange. 'l have to get them оп film,' she thought, When Jodie аrriчеd hоmе, she headed fоr thе dark rооm. She huпg up the {iгst photo (4) апd stared at it iп astonishment, Bright (5) lights formed а сirсlе round the trees. But the most Ьizаrrе thing was the (6) Ьоу who stood in the middle. Jodie was he hadn't Ьееп there, 17'
Pickin9 up the рhопе, She tried to Stop herselffrom trеmЫiпg. 'He-hello, Robert,'she stammered 'l think you'd better соmе очеr hеrе riqht now,' --
(8)
26
-:эk again
]
iead the model story again and answer these questions.
- ,Vhat was the sсаrу thing that Jodie saw? 2 )о we find this out immediately after the first sentence? : was she when she saw the thing that scared her? "/hеrе : "low does Jodie feel about what she saw? З do you think shе wants Robert to go to Ьеr house? ""/hу
"jгitе
: э : э i
the correct раrаgrарh number from the model story next to these descriptions.
Зriпg the story to ап end. ЭеsсriЬе the background to the story. ЭеsсriЬе the scary thing in detail. ,tгоdчсе an event that adds Suspense to the story, STart with the sentence given and introduce the main сhаrасtеr.
п t] п п
l]
-cok at the Useful Expressions and circ|e the correct answers.
'
it
s this rеаl or is ? ап optica illusion
а
2
j
stared at him iп
а mystery
Ь
out of the
Ь
disbelie{
ordinary с с
sight
с
iпехрliсаЫе
eerie
с
thrilling
true
с
curious
can't understand this. lt's abrsolutely
а
m а
5
Ь
odd
rеаllу
uпusuаl
Ьу this ехреriепсе.
chilled
Ь
Тhе story is strange, but
а mysterious
Ь
Ьizаrrе
Lloso-Up Whеп you have finished writing уочr story. read through it to check that it reads well. use this check list to help you:
1 2
3
HaS the Story got а breginning, а middle and ап end? DoeS the sentence given make 5en5e in relation to the rest of the Story?
Аrе the paragraphs сlеаrlу organised?
4 Have l used паrrаtiче tenses? 5 Does the story include interesting details? Наче l edited spelling and grammar mistakes?
,аr to уоч! Read thе writing task below and make а раrаgrарh рlап for your story. Remember to include adjectives эпd adverbs to add suspense and to helP the reader build up а clear picture. te а story which begins with this sentence: As soon as they opened the dooL they knew something Was Wrопg. -20-180 words)
,', -
-* Usе|иl {хрrеs;\очls De5cribing mysterie5 .е oUt ofthe ordinary/Unu5Ual э zarre/stran9e/eХtraordinary sight/sound a U
rlоus
aе
rie
'эSсiпаtiпg ,r aStonishment/disbelief
lcredible
nexplicable
,ay5teriou5 .nyStery
эdd cpt]cal illUSion cut ofthis world ;trап9е, but trUе strange рhепоmепа/оссurrепсе
thrilling/thrilled Lveird апd wonderful
Before you watch
А
How mчсh do you know about some of the famous mysteries of thе world? Complete the sentences using these words.
Bigfoot Devit's Nessie 1
2 Тhе
Yeti
is an affectionate nickname given to the Loch Ness Monster.
тriапglе is the паmе some реорlе give to the Bermuda Trianqle. з The ,АЬоmiпаlэ е Snowman/ or is said to live iп the Нimаlауап region. 4 Has anybody ечеr really photographed Sasquatch, otherwise known as
While you watch
В
-.
Watch thб DvD аgаiп and circle the words you hеаr.
1 2 3 4 5 6
:?
The b,est рlасе to See thiS my'tery iS at the viewing / wаtсhiпg Site. just east of Marfa. What do the lights look like? Well, it changes / depends оп who you talk to. The арреаrапсе and disappearance / vanishing of the Jights was seen Ьу pi{ots flying hеrе.
'We discovered these Ьу mjstake / сhапсе off in the distance, close to the ground.'
But who сап explain whеrе the lights come from? Whеrе are they actually located / Situated? lf the mystery is unansweгed, people will keep sеаrсhiпg / investigating.
After уоч watch
с
complete the summary of the DvD below using these words. divide head off investigate рhепоmепоп рrооf rапсh reported
The Сhihuаhuап Desert iп west Texas is thе |arqest desert in North дmеriса.
wiпtеrs are cool and summers аrе extremely hot. This аrеа is also home to а mysterious (1) called thе'Marfa Lights'. These аrе b,right lights that appear suddenly in the night Sky and then, jUSt а5 qUickly,
they
(2) into the distance апо disappear. SomeLimes they (З) into mоrе thап two lights. They арреаr in the same (4) of the desert - пеаr а town called Marfa. The lights sometimes ечеп get close to people's houses. one woman who lived оп а remote (5) _ tells the story of whаt she ехреriепсеd one night. She got in bed and suddenly she saw the lights (6) through hеr bredroom window. She watched them сhапgе соlоur for а few minutes. Eventually they went away, Apparently, pilots who used to train in thе desert in the 1940s also (7) that they Used to See these mysterious lights.
Whаt causes the lights? Fritz Каhl, who was one of those pilots, thinks he has а(п) (8) to this qUestion. Не believes that the lights are а natural оссUrrепсе and that they exist аll очеr the world. Howeve1 as lопg as the Marfa mystery remains unanswered, реорlе will continue to (9) the lights to find out whеге they соmе from and how lопg they have existed, Реорlе Want (1О) not opinions and theories. whatever these lights rеаllу аrе, they are as mysterious today as when they first appeared and it is douыfu] that the mystery behind them will ечеr Ье solved.
--
D
2а
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. . .
what else do you know about the mysteries mепtiолеd iп А? Would you like to visit а рlасе whеrе а {amous mystery exists? Why?/Why not? Аrе there апу famous mysteries in уоUr country?
Unitsl & 2
1
ооаVиlаrц
,
А
complete the sentences with both words.
а Ь
еmьаrrаssеd amused about уочr арреаrапсе. You look fine. ? l don't think it's at аll funny.
Don't feel Why аrе you so
rеmаrkаЬ[е 9епеrочS Neil Armstrong's achievement was absolutely
а
ь Dad is both kind апd beLief leqend
with others, that everyone needs {гiепds.
а
lt iS my
ь
Have you hеаrd the
of the ghost rider?
ridicUlou5 а99rеssiче please calm down. yоч shouldn't Ье so
а
ь lt's absolutely exp[anation illusion
а 3
know it looks like а pool of water. but itЪ опlу ап
l
ь
to believe that the house is hаuпtеd.
lf
for this mystery, l'd like to know what it is.
there is an
Complete thе text using these words.
с[че disappearances evidence hoax rеsеаrсhеrs witnessёs
_-:.:hаveЬeenmаnyсаsesofstrаngeп)-intheworld.ЬutoneoftheStrаn9est j:-::аseofDаvidLаng.ТheStorу9oe5thаton23rdSeptemЬer188O,whilewаlkingthroughаfieldin David Lang disappeared i :- -эssее пеаr his hоmе and being watched Ьу several (2) ._r.Step.НiswifeаndtheotherSpreSentrantoSeewhаthаdhаppenedtohim,Ьuttheуdidn,tfindeven :
ý.-
hе
-: .З) __ -: -..ci whеrе
to help them solve the mystery. Lang had simply vanished. Some time lаtеr, Lang had disappeared was marked Ьу а сirсlе of yellowed grass almost five metres across. . -- ^9 ever grеw thе,е again,
I
i
, э:hе case of David Lang has become well-known, most (4) who have studied i -- : :.se believe that it i5 а(п) (5) _. Тhеу point out that, despite lengthy investigations, i 6) has Ьееп found that Lang even existed. Мапу believe that the story was made :_. а jоuгпаlist iп the '1880s. lt could Ье that the truth of the matter will печеr Ье known. .
-,
:hе
З
Complete the table with break, keep, make and sаче.
9 эге
а
:-
plom]se ,
in
)
touch
d|ff9l9nc,e 9
trоuые
1
1h9biJ the ice
-
уочr strength time
сirсtе the correct words.
'] 2 З 4 5 6
ThiS iS а real mystery. We have to loQk into / Stick to it.
Don't уоu rеаlisе he's letting you out / takin9 you in with his silly stories? Сап уоu mal
29
Units 1&
1
(хrачпИаr А
complete the sentences with the present simple or the present continuous of thе verbs in brackets,
1l
(рlау) tennis three times а week.
2
Mum. why
you fоrечеr
(shout) at me? (brelieve) in the Loch Ness Monster?
уоu
4 5
(9о) on the mystery tоur tomorrow.
Тhе meeting
Grandma
6
в
(not Ье) at 9 am today.
(come)to visit a9ain on Sunday?
7
lп this picture, the Ьоу
__
8
Li9 ht
(travel) at almost З00,000 km per second.
Complete the sentences with а, an, tbe or
(not cry).
-.
1 ls _ girl next door very pretty? 2 ТhеrеЪ one over thеrе? -_ free table hеrе. Оr sha]l we sit at З ls __ physics _ only sutrject уоu ever found difficult? 4 l want to buy чmЬ,rеllа and other things, but l опlу have hour to shop. 5 Nowadays, сhiJdrеп mostly do thеir homework on computers. 6 lenjoy learning - ,English, but l don't like Gеrmап language. 7 ls Кеllу British citizen оr is she frоm _ Canada? 8 'ls thеrе сiпеmа пеаr Ьеrе?' 'Yes, - is across the road.' Rex Cinema _
с
Tick the sentences whiсh are соrrесt and соrrесt the wrong ones.
1
l
2
Мчm cooked lцпсh, put it on the tаЫе and went to sleep,
3
Неlеп was talking on the рhопе while Julie was being iп bed.
4
lwould like the colour rеd when lwas young.
5
l
6
Jason is used to wearjeans when he was at universiý.
was wearing my rеd dress only twice last уеаr.
-
can't get used to living in this spooky hоUSе.
D circle
'l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 30
the correct words.
lt started / was starting raining frogs while l was walking.
You аrеп't used / use to studying in а liЫаrу.
Napoleon died / was dying mysteriously in '182'i. Detectives got used to / аrе used to solving mysteries these days. l didn't use to 9о / wasn't going fishing last уеаr. Would your cousin visit / visiting уоu often when уоu lived in Yorkshire? Тhеу wou
d
ove / loved swimming iп the lake when they were уоuп9. Did / Дrе you чsе to live in а cottaqe?
2
article, multiple matching health- & fitness-related words, prepositions, coIlocations & expressions present perfect simpIe & present perfect continuous, for, since, Ialely, already, yet & stiII, countable & uпсоuпtаЬlе nouns, quantifiers note-taking talking about stress, comparing photographs, sequencing ideas article, giving advice
г
Rоаd\лц А
How much do you know about long life? Do thе quiz and find out| Your teacher will tel| you the answers.
1
2
З
What is апоthеr word for'long life'? а longing Ь longevity с longitude How lопg did the world's oldest person live? 122 years
а Ь с
112 уеаrs 1
17 years
Which countries have the brest diets for long life? а China, USA, Gеrmапу Ь Japan, Grеесе, ltaly с Сапаdа, Вrаzil, Frапсе
t rа
а г ch
l
do you think contributes to long life? Make а list. You hаче one miпutе!
if е е хресtапсу
: th
е
l
е ngth
dementio: о 5еriоцs illness of the miпd, esPecially iп оld peopIe
Kead the text quickly. ln whiсh places do people eat а lot of locally-grown food?
fа't
а
реriоd of timеwhеп
по food is eaten
Secyetg iv
е
,,.
оr асtеr isti с
of time that о реrsоп is likely to liче
В what
С
it! ра rtiсul
соп'umрtiопi eating оr driпkiпв something
о+
Lono Ltlet
Д lопg, healthy li|e is по accident, lt depends оп good qenes апd good habits. ýcreлfists Who qrе interested in investigoting
what contributes to long life have Ьееп fосusiпg оп groups liчiпg iп several regions where longevity is the поrm,
А
sa
rdinians
ln а group of villages on the jsland of Sardinia, 91 of the 17,865 people Ьоrп between 1880 and 1900 lived to their 100th biгthday - а rate mоrе than twice as high as the ачегаgе for ltaly.
Why do they live so lоп8? Lifestyle iS рагt of the answer The people Work hard оп their farms апd place great importance оп family, Take 75 уеаr old Sardinian Tonino Tola for ехаmрlе. It's 11 аm and Tonino has аlrеаdу mi]ked four cows, chopped wood and Walked б km With hls sheep, Taking а break, he sits down With his family to eat, Nutгition is а factor in Sardinian5' longevity - their diets аге rich in fruits and ve8etable5, milk and dairy prodUcts, fish and some rеd Wine, most of which аrе produced on thejг оWп farms. Тhеir genetic history also helps, Many of them аrе related to the first sardinians, who arгived in the аrеа 11,000 уеаг5 аgо, Genetic traits have Ьесоmе ýtrопgеr очеr the уеа rs and favour longevity.
В
Residents of Loma Linda, California
Маrgе Jetton is 5peeding down the motorway in her purple
саr. Маrgе, Who rесепtlу turпеd 101, iS late for опе of 5ечеrаl чоlчпtеег commitments she ha5 today. Дlrеаdу this mогпiпg, she's eaten breakfaSt, Walked 1,6 km, апd lifted Weights, Like mапу оthеr residents of Loma Linda, California, Marge is
а member of а religjou5 commцnity that has always sUpported
healthy living. lt forbids 5moking апd drinking alcohol, and discourageS the consUmption of most meat, rich foods and cafleinated drinks as well as most 5pices, lnstead, they enjoy beanS, nuts, Whole Wheat bread, soy milk, tomatoes and оthеr fruits as well as five gla5se5 of Water а day, All of these lоwеr the risk of developing certain di5eases. lп addition, every saturday, they 8et together алd socialise with each other to relieve 5tress, А study has revea]ed that mеmЬеr5 of this community l;ve fочr to ten yearS lопgеr than оthег caljfornians.
с
okinawans
Ushi okushima has j'ust started а пеW job. Not long аgо she began wеагiпg регfumе. Predictable Ьеhачiоuг for а уочпg wоmап, perhaps, but Ushi is 10З.
With а life expectancy of 78 years for mел and 86 years fоr Wоmеп, okinawans are аmоп8 the Wоrld's lon8est-living people. They епjоу years free from illness, have чегу low rates of сапсеr апd heart disease, and аrе less likely to develop dementia. The]r habit of consuming food grоWп оп the island5 and eating in mоdегаtiоп -'eat Until Yочr stomach iS 80 реrсепt fUll' may also contribute to their loлgevjty_ FUrthermore, mапу Ьеlопg to а mooi а support пеtWогk that provides help, /k/gol may Ье апоthег factor, The Wоrd
Э
Read the article again to find the following information. rVhich раrаgrарh(s) mention эmеп whо live longer thап mеп? ",
f :эорlе whоsе religion doesn't allow them to eat some things? 2 ! _^э role of gепеs? ЗJ : :pecial drink that fights disease? 4П эеk у meetings? 5 l :-е реорlе iп the text who аrе the oldest? бП 7П :=ople who sleep in the daytime? SП э:орlе born in а specific twený-year period? 9П ..орlе getting together to hеlр or support each other? 1о П 1 1 f. : эорJе who mainly work outdoors? 1 2 П 1
,.,
З
i
et the meaning
Llоsо-Uр This taSk rеquirеS you to read а text which i5 divided into severaI paragraphs, and then to match the paragraphs with 50me answer choices. Yоч can Scan the раrа9rарhs
qUickly to find the answers
to the qUestion5. Whеп уоu have found the information you are looking for, underline
question to part. part.
it lt and Write the question пumЬеr in the margin next
the underlined
i ]
i
!
Find words iп the article which complete sentences 1-5 correctly.
2
YoL]r is the {ood you eat and how it affects уоur health. (para А) Food products made frоm milk are described as (para А)
зто
means to order somebody
not to do something. (para В)
4То 5
means to spend free time with other реорlе. (para В) _ аrе plants used to give flavour to food оr to make medicine. (раrа D)
The oldest person in the world was Jeanne Саlmепt of Frапсе. She died in 1997 at the
age ol'l22. Why do you think she lived so long? Tick the_things you think she did.
П ! ! ! !
Shе ate а kilo of chocolate а week. She rode а bjke until she was 100. Неr diet was rich in olive oil. She loved music and rесоrdеd а rар CD. at the age of 85, she took up fencing.
Your teacher will tell you the answers. ?5
бпg
-.:-s
'that which makes one's life Worth living' : i5 djfferent fоr ечегуопе. 'Му lklgol is right ": -: says lJshi а5 she nods towards her friends, ']-еу die, l Will Wonder Why l аm still alive,' , -
]
]
lka
rians
::-эtеs Xerolas parties hard and stays Uр past 2 .-=-, night.The amazingthin8 isn'tthathedoes -- : n а remote mountain village, but that he ]
::
lple, lcer
it at 10З years old.
: - :,]е Greek isIand of lkaria, mоrе than а third :':-е residents reach age 90, They suffer less : -.е. and hеаrt disea5e and, moSt surpri5in8ly, - -: of the dementia that afflicts other cultures. , -; iving lkarian5 observe about 150 days of ,. з оU5 fasts а year, sleep late апd пар daily, --: j eat mostly leafy gгеепs, potatoes апd beanS. a,: Ihеге is опе чпiquе factor that is not seen - эlhеr аrеаs whеге people live for а lопg time: :-: key ingredient to livin8 lопgеr is grоWiпg ri8ht - :,leir gardens. lt's а selection of hеrЬs used to - =!Ё tea and they all have опе thiпg in соmmоп ;-_.i lоwеr blood pressure, а major cause of heart : :а 5е апd dementia.
_ е;*4, .
,rl
,, ,7,i ,"_"пltllл'
А
nurse
ward
sчrgеоп
2 уо9а
meditation
cycling
з proteins
additives
minerals
4 trainer
optician
dietician
operation
injection
weights
treadmill
tablet
crutch
dia9nose
examine
5
vaccination
6 preScгiption 7
с
,.t
circle the odd ones out. 1
В
l},i
Ьапdа9е poison
Match each sentence '|-6 with the sentence that logically
,lг 8 {ri ]1
follows it a-f.
1 2 3 4 5 6
П t l've Ь,ееп going to an aerobics class for а month now. ! You should try and eat organic food. I] l've twisted mу ankle, but l don't know if itЪ broken, П Ben was in а tегriЬlе skiing accident. П
а Ь с d е f
The doctor thinks the wound is infected.
cut my hand badly while l was рrераriпg dinner. Susie Ыоkе her arm while doing gymnastics, l
l
will have to have ап X-ray.
lt doesn't contain апу preservatives.
She'll have to have it in plaster for а few weeks until itheals, |t's great, l've lost weight and lfeel muсh fitter! lt will take him months to recover.
circle the соrrесt words.
IMyth or medical advice? 'An аррlе а day keeps the dосtог away'is а saying that some реорlе reject as simply ап old wives'tale. But does it, and оthеr sayings like it, actually contain апу truth? Old wives' tales, оr at least some of them, do indeed have words о{ wisdom to offer| Take the 'apple а day' saying. (1) additives / vitamins that keep us healtby and in good (2) shаре / figure physically. l{ we are healthy, we have по need for а doctor. Апоthег saying is: 'Starve а fever, feed а cold'. lVlany researchers say that а person with а high (3) illness / tеmреrаturе should imit what they eat, and опlу drink water. Оп the other hand, they (4) dia9nose / advise patients Who аrе suffering {rоm а cold to do the opposite - to eat (5) well-ba anced / nourishing food. Speaking of colds, another oLd wives'tale (6) ргеsсriЬеs / treats dear old mum's homemade chicken soup as а quick and simple (7) геmеdу / medication fог runny noses, sniffles and even (8) sore / tender thгoats. Тrу it, doctors agree it works!
Appies are full of
D
Which of these ideas for staying healthy and in good shape do you а9rее with? Discuss уочr answers with а partner.
. о . . .
34
jоiп а gym or an aerobics class eat nourishing food that has iots of proteins and minerals take vitamins if l have the flu or ап infection drink hеrьаl tea if l have а sore throat take medication when а doctor advises rпе to
Эrеsепt Perfect Simple & Present Perfect
Fоr, since, lately, already, yet & still
,ontlnuous
А
в
We use thе Present Perfect Simple for actions and situations that happened at ап indefinite time in the past. We use the Present Реrfесt continuous for actions and situations that staгted iп the past and are still in рrо9rёss or have happened repeatedly up until пJw. Look at the sentences below and answer the q uastions that follow.
а Ь 1 2
с d з 4
Look at the words in bold iп the sentences below and notice how they are used. She's Ьееп seeing а dietician for а month. НеЪ been ruппiпg in marathons since 20О4. l haven't Ьееп feeling very energetic lately. Не isn't hеге. НеЪ already left for the gym. Haven't you finished your work yet? Не still hasn't bought пеw trainers.
She has Ьееп jogging in the park for two hours! 5hе has jogged round the park twice.
Complete the rules.
Which sепtепсе emphasises how long an асtiоп has been iп рrоgгеss? f_- i
negative 5епtепсе.
which sentence tells us the number of times something has happened?
at the end of а question оr
with ап expression that shoWS
а period of time.
!
with а point of time in the
pa5t,
Тhе students have done а project оп fitness. The students have Ьееп doing а project on fitness all week.
at the end of а sentence to
mean'recently'.
whiсh sentence tells us that the students' project is finished? !
after the subject of а sentence
for emphasis.
ln the other sentence, do we know whether the
before the main verb of а
sentence for emphasis.
students have finished the рrо,jесt?
Read 3-1-3.2 ot the Grammar Reference оп pages 163-164
before you do the tasks,
-
complete the sentences with the correct form of thе present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets. Неr aunt
,]
(use) natural remedies for many years.
? з
тhе old mап
4
Why an allergy?
5
(you / book) ап appointment with the doctor?
(not catch) а cold since hе was young. (you / sneeze) for the last hour? Do you have
Тhе l\4editerranean diet
(become) very popular in the
last decade.
The doctors at this hospital fоr сапсеr since 2О04,
(deve ор) neW treatments
Tess у
-9 !
э
Complete the sentences with these words. а[геаdу for tatety Since stitl yet
_-
1
He's Ьееп walking on crutches
2
ShеЪ Ьееп training with weights
? ТоmЪ With
(Ыеаk) hег arm and she needs to qo to hospitall Lell) you not to spend so much lime
HoW mапу times оп your mobile?
4 5
6
__
the accident. а month.
had his operation.
haven't been cycling as much as usua{ Has the doctor examined the patient _? l
Не
_
the optician.
hаsп't made an -appointment With
__i., lrl
А Praaise saying 1 fifth 2 fiftieth З sixth 4 Sixtieth 5 ei9hth 6 ei9htieth 7 twelfth 8 twentieth
these words aloud.
-f?
в
{
' Now listen to see if you wеrе correct.
с
{
'Listen and circle the numbers you hеаr.
1а1/5 2 а 1З"/. З а 5,000,000 4 а З,500 5 а ]798
Ь Ь Ь Ь Ь
t
1/50 30%
с3%
35,000 ']978
с с
с
50,000,000 с
']/15
500,0О0,0О0 З,O5О
187В
D Г you will hеаr someone talking about sleep and sleep problems. Fоr questions 1 people driving when they аrе tired аrе at least раrtlу to Ыаmе for almost 2 З
rоаd accidents.
7
of sеriочs
Оur Ыаiпs аrе designed to get ready for sJeep when they sense Оur modern li{estyles mеап our s]eep patterns аrе very different frоm оuг bodies' natural biological
4 Young children need to sleep for about Теепаgеrs naturally tend to Wake Up 6
1-7, complete the sentences
every night. in the mоrпiпg than adults,
Difficulties with sJeeping аrе rероrtеd Ьу approximately one ot дmеriсапs. Тhе speaker is disappointed that most sleep rеsеаrсh is саrriеd out Ьу private companies гаthеr than Ьу government hеа th
Lloso-Uy LiSten саrеfullу to апу пumЬеr5 уоч hеаr оп the recordin9, so that уоu сап Write them doWn согrесtlу,
>ре
Llоsо-Uр
ak\vla
When speaking, it iS important that your thoughts аrе well organised.This will help the listener to follow whal you аrе \aying, Тгу to 5еquепсе your ideas Ьу U5ing key phraSes such as Io begin With ,.,, Дпоthеr thing is that ... апd Finally ,,. ,
Work with а partner and answer thеsе q
. . .
ueStions.
How often do you feel stressed at work/ sсhоо ? Wbat do you do to deal with уоur stress? Do уоu think stress affects уоur hеаlth or the health of members of уоur family? How?
Listen to Peter describing а рhоtоgrарh. Whiсh photo is hе describing? What piece эf information hеlреd you to choose?
} } Е
D Work with
а partner and answer the questions about the photographs. One of you sbould Ье Student А and the оthеr should Ье student в. Remember to use the Usefцl Expressions.
Student А: Соmраrе photos 1 and 2 апd say how you think thе people аrе feelin9.
student в: what advice would you give the people
эпtепсеs. ,{
photo?
serious
iп the {irst
]rnment
Look at this list of adivities which sоmеопе could do to reduce stress. put them in оrdеr of how helpful they are ('l = most helpful; 8 = least helpful). Then, discuss your answers with а раrtпеr, giving reasons 'or уочr choices. wa king
]
yoga/Pilate5 da
ncing
reading
( :Еlr?rшhп
г
f
sleeping chatting With friendS
Student В: Compare photos З and 4 and say hоw you think thе реорlе аrе feeJing. Student А: What advice would уоU give the person photo?
;n
the first
Usе|цl {хрrеss\оц9
shoppin g
Sequencing your ideas
doing а team Sроrt
То begin With, ... tiгStlу, .,. / Secondly, ... Well, for опе thing, ..,
Апоthеr thing is that ... l also believe that ,.. What is mоrе, ,.. Finally, ., LaSt,
,
but not least,
..,
:
Э scuss these questions With а partner. Эо you think younger реорlе get more stressed than older people? Whу?Лr'/hу not? .'./hеп thеrе аrе stressed people around you, do уоч start to {eel stressed as well? Why?/Why not? -aughter is а grеаt way to get rid of stress. Can you think of any other ways?
з7
',l_,li']l,j9,1r
\
)
Prepositions
А
Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. Some prepositions сап Ье used mоrе than опсе,
against
1 2 З 4 5 6 7 8
of оп очег
to
you consume too mапу calories, уоu are at risk becoming overweight. Penny needs to wоrk hеr {itness if she wants to ruп а mаrаthоп. lf
Food that is high in сhоlеstеrоl can contribute hеаrt disease. Eve's реrsопаl tгаiпеr told hеr to focus strength-building exercises fоr now. l{ уоu want to get in shape, why not become а member а gym? Al] сhildrеп should Ье lf
vaccinated
diseases.
you eat well and ook after yourself, you cou d live to
Yочr chances of success in the race
depend
Ье
100уеагsоld!
how hard you train,
Collocations & Ехрrеssiопs
В
Match the idioms in bold 1-5 to their meanings а-е.
1 2 З 4 5 С
lfeel as fresh as а daisy after my
holidayl
l'm rеа ly uпdеr the weather today. l think l'll 9о back to bed, Let's go fоr а walk in the fresh air lt'll do you thе world of good,
Why don't you 9о to а spa fоr the weekend to recharge уочr batteries? l'm meeting afamouschef tоmоrrоw, so l'll pick her brains about vegetaгian food.
а
uпwеll
Ь
rеgаiп епеrgу
с
ask fоr detailed information
d
Ье lively and energetic
е
make you feel better
Complete the letters with the idioms from В in the correct form. с9 a\
о
lпtёгпеt
lB.* Fг.*rt xsbe aв.,** ** ч*-"
}
Dеаr Аgопу AUnt,
Сап
l (1)
about
а
рrоЬlеm l have? lrеаllу need some hеlр! l'm studying hаrd for mу exams апd last week l Started to feel (2) l'm tired аl] the time and don't hаче апу епеr9у. I'm sсагеd l'll Ье ill and might miss my examý, what shоuld l do?
Тiпа,17
D
Dear Tina, lt's natural to feel stressed at exam tirne апd thiý сап make you feel unwell. So, whеп you want а Ыеаk {гоm studying, Whу not gо and sit iп thе gаrdеп? The fresh аir wi!l (3) апd hеLр to сlеаr your hеаd. Опсе the exams аге overI make sure уоч take some time to (4) Get lots of sleep, see your friends and relax! Do аll this and you'll Ье {eeling (5) _ in по time!
Good luck!
Do you a9ree with these statements? Соmраrе your answers with а partner's.
. . .
5б
! П [] П fl
lt's better to Ь,е rich than it is to Ье healthy. lf уоu eat healthily, you don't need to exercise. lt'll Ье fantastic if we live to Ье очеr 200 опе dav!
\
СочпtаЬ]е & UпсочпtаЬlе Nouns
А
СочпtаЫе почпs refer to separate items. Тhеу сап Ье singular and plural. Uncountable почпs refer to abstract ideas or things that cannot Ье counted. They do not have а plural form. Which of the почпs below are countable and which are чпсочпtаЬlе? Write С (countable) or U (uncountable).
injection П
! holiday П biology П rесrеаtiоп П knowledge
в
Ietic
health mопеу
goal
job
п п п п п
ouantifiers
D
с
There isn't room for аll of us in the car. This is the most expensive rооm in the hotel.
which words аrе чsеd with
1 2
Tick the почпs which can Ье both сочпtаые and uncountable.
,еr
1
glass
2light
3 4
Water
hаir
п п п п
5 6 7 8
medicine ехреriепсе darkness
economics
Some quantifiers |ike а lot of апd lots of сап Ье used with both сочпtаЫе and чпсочпtаЬIе почпs, but others cannot. Look at the words in bold in these sentences and then апswеr the questions. Тhеrе аrепt mапу people in the park. Тhеrе isnt mчсh new equipment at the gym, She had оп|у а little energy left after the match. She grows а few herbs in hеr garden.
some почп5 сап Ье both сочпtаые апd чпсочпtаЫе depending оп thёir meaning. How is the mеапiпg of rооm different in these sentences?
1 2
оrmаtiоп
biScuit
nouns? uпсоuпtаЫе nouns?
соuпtаЫе
and and
Ве careful!
п п п п
Much and mапу сап usually опlу Ье used in questions and negative sentences. Read З.4-З.6 of lhe Grаmmаr Rеfеrепсе оп pages 164-165 before уоч do the tasks.
circle the соrrесt words.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
You should drink plenty of waters / water every day.
Тhе news is / are very епсочrаgiпg. you're feeling dizzy, 9о ouЪide for some / а few fresh air We had some mеmоrаЫе experience / experiences during our trip. lf
Сhildrеп апd old people should stay inside iп
а /-
cold weather.
Peopleof аll ages should take regular exercises / ехеrсisе to keep fit. lthink а Ьох of chocolate / chocolates is а great рrеsёпt, Containers made of plastics / plastic shоuldп't Ье used {or food.
Complete the sentences with these words.
of а few а littte ап а slice of mапу much piece of 1 Тhеrе аrе опlу people in the gym tonight. ltЪ пеаrlу empty. 2 You don't need mопеу to stay healthy and fit. З The patient was given injection for the раiп. 4 sugar won't harm you, but а lot сап cause dental рrоЫеms. 5 l'd like cheese in my sandwich. 6 Тhеrе aren't calories in this сеrеаl Ьаr. 7 We need soap in the Ьаthrооm. advice that l have followed 8 -Му grandma gave me а very good а Ьаr
all mу life.
39
W
rrfiи11 ý
Giving advice When you want to give others advice in уоur writing, try to keep а light-hearted and епсоurаgiпg tone. This will make the геаdеr feel that he оr she сап trust уоu. lf уоu are too critical, the rеаdег will рrоЬаЫу not {ollow your advice. lntroduce pieces of advice Ьу using these structures and expressions: Don't worry if уоц ..., Make sure you .,., Ту (поt) + {ull infinitive оr поuп .../ Why dоп't уоu/поt + баrе infinitive .,. ?, You could always + bare infinitive .., апd Уос, shouidln'r) . Ьаrе infinitive ,,,
,йЧ а'*
,
А
lmagine your friend has asked you for some advice. Look at these problems and write а piece of advice in your notebook fоr еасh one. Use the structures and expressions above.
1 2 3
В
"*,
l
l
4 5 6
find it rеаllу hard to get out of bed in the mоrпiпg.
l Want
to get into Shape,
b,Ut l hate Sports.
always feel huпgrу as soon as l get to school.
head huгts when l рlау computer games. ,'m add,cted to cl^ocolate and cr'sps, N4у
l
Wanttotake uр а hobbythatWill help mе getfit.
Read the writing task апd write Т (true) or F (false) for еасh of the sentences below. Yоu hаче sееп this аппоuпсеmепt iп your sсhоо/Ъ student magazine.
Do you have апу advice for fellow students who want to avoid getting colds and flu this winter?
Tilen wгitе u5 an агtiсlе! We will publish the best опеs next month.
С
'l 2 3 4 5
Your article may appear in the sсhооl magazine. You will give gегеrа nealth advice. Yоu will give tips {оr preventing illnesses,
The advice will Ье rеаd Ьу реорlе уоur а9е, yоu will write ап аппоuпсеmепt_
L]
]
]
Пеаd the model article and complete it with these words. don't
forget don'tWorгy makesure Shou[dn'i iryto Whynot
ffi
*gmгrтоп g€,пýе gightý the соmзгrоп cold Аrе you one of those people who come down with colds and flu every autumn? (1) ; hеrе аrе some handy tips to prevent nasty colds, First of all, а hеаlthу diet сап hе]р to рrеvепt уоu getting sick. However, you Wait to get а cold and then Start to take action, (з) give yourself а head staгt Ьу rеgulаrlу eating and drinking foods and drinks high in important vitamins? Even if you do become ill, ll-e,oad to recovery will Ье гrчсh easier, (2)
Secondly, sleeping well is very imрогtапt to good health. Lack о{ sleep lowers your body's resistance to illnesses and makes it hаrdеr to fight off colds. So, (4) you get аrоuпd eight hours sleep а night to Stay оп form. LaSt, but not least, you must епsчrе that уоu are hygienic. Colds сап easily Ье caught Ьу touching surfaces which have germs оп them. (5) wash уоur hands in wаrm soapy wаtеr after touchinq door handles, tеlерhопеs, lэчttопs and doorbeils.
As the old saying goes: prevention is better than cure. So (6) these simple tips and stay gеrm-frее this winterl
t
}
Ё
-
ээk again!
]
Read the model article а9аiп апd answer these questions.
' 2 3 : i
l,Jas
the wгitеr copied wоrd for word {rоm the task?
Why does the writer begin with а question? Ls
the tопе ofthe аrtiсlе angry, encouraging or critical?
ls it written in а fогmаl, informal or semi-{ormal way?
Сirсlе the correct words to complete the plan for the model article. Соmmоп sense fights the соmmоп cold
: е:
::,agraph'|: lntroducethe :-.аgrарh ::.agraph
2: З: '.,аgrарh 4: =э,а9rарh 5:
-
theme /firsttip and state whatthe articlewill beabout.
Tip discuss the benefits / drawbacks of а healthy diet. Tip 2: discuss the importance of colds / sleep. Tip 3: discuss why реорlе should wash their hands / touch сlеап things. 1:
Conclude Ьу making а 9епеrаl statement and rеfеrriпg back to the tips / adding ап extra tip.
Complete the sепtепсеs with words from the Useful Expressions.
"
.Joggin9 is а great Way to
up calories.
Dгiпk some herbal tea and you'll soon Ье оп thе road to
Му sister is 4
l
to еаrасhе. up my metabolism Ьу working out.
trу to
You look great. How do you mапаgе to stay iп 5
Му grandma always says
] с
aire's соmе
Ьу doing these exercises.
You сап make your article clearer
,er to уоu!
]
Read thе writing task below and make а paragraph рlап for уоur article. Remember to use the right expressions for giving advice. ,эu hауе seen tbis аппоuпсеmепt tn your schoo/'s student magazine, .','rite your article. (120-180 words)
]
]
lt's never Ьееп so imPortant for teenagers to l(eep fit. Do you have any good advice to help your fellow students get in shape?
lп? l ds,
тhеп write us ап article! We will publish the best опеs next month.
)u ]о
Llоэо-Uр
With а nasty bug.
Build up ]
is better tban cure.
,
n.
з and те ill,
and more convincin9 Ьу statin9 the reasonS Why the rеаdеr should take уоur advice. Try to emphaSi5e the positive result oftaking your advice rаthег than the negative result of not taking
ir
.]
Usеfиl {хуrеss\очs Health
Ье рrопе to
come down with have therapeutic qualities lower resistance to prevention iS better than сurе take vitamins the rоаd to recovery
Fitness
"егS э,
Stay
Ье
ъ} *.** I
t
aerobic exerci5e Ье active Ье оп form I Ье out of shape buiId up your strength burn up calories control уоur Wejght get/stay in Shape 9о to the 9уm keep fit
iпсrеаsе flexibility speed up your metabolism 5trength-building eXercises
stretching exercises Warm up Wогk
out 41
Before you watch
А
Match the words to the meanings.
1 2 З 4 5 6
physiological treadmill sample release
psychological lеап
п п п п п t]
а Ь с d е f
а small quantity о{ something to show what it is like
having to do with the mind and thoughts having to do with how the body works physically let out, free
slim, but strong and healthy an exercise machine оп which you ruп
While you watch
в
watch the DvD and decide if these statements аrе true or false, write Т for true and F fоr {alse.
1 2 З 4 5 6
mind. П П П П of stress. П П
Kathy Matt and hеr research team аrе provin9 that stress is,iust in оur Stress frоm rush hour traffic shows up as а сhеmiсаl iпthеЫооd.
Adrenaline helps our body react quickly апd with more force. Cortisol gives usthe епеrgу for that quick physical push.
Fоrtчпаtеlу, the body сап tell the difference between the two types
Аll stress is
bad.
After you watch
С
Complete the sчmmаry ofthe DVD below using these words. effect tifeStyte tongevity minimat negative physical series stress
amount of Stress to give Without at least а(п) (1) energy. we could поt get through the day. Howeve1 а very stressful
uS
can have а negative (3) оur bodies. Dr Kath Matt and hеr colleagues аrе investigating What StreSS does to а body, and proving that stress is поt just psychological but also
(2,
physiological. 5tress, it produces Whеп our body ехреriепсеs (4) two hоrmопе5 that giче u5 епеrgу: adrenaline and cortisol. lt also Dr Matt produces them in cases of psychological (5) of tests to and hеr team have put together а(п) (6) show thе effects of stress оп the body.
While ruппiпg оп а tгеаdmill. the woman's body rеlеаsеs а lot of stress hоrmопеs, but she's also using up every bit о{ епеrgу they create. However, whеп she is stressed psychoIogically instead of physically, the same hоrmопеs аrе created, but по physical епеrgу is used, Тоо much cortisol weakens the bones апd makes them more likely to Ыеаk. This could create рrоЫеms that hаче ап impact оп (7) реrhарs taking years off а person's life. Тhеrе{оrе, it is impoгtant to exercise regularly. Puttin9 the body through the stress of exercise i5 one way to get rid of psychological stress and iп еffёсts. that Way preventing its (8)
D
42
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. . .
What causes you physical stress? what causes you psychological stress? what do уоu do to help relieve stress?
Reading: article,multiple-choicequestions
Vocabulary: technology-reIated words, word formation, phrasal verbs Grаmmаr: future simple, shaII, Ье gоiпвtоrlчtчrе continuous & future perfect simple, temporals Listening: multiple-choicequestions Speaking: talking abouttechnology, соmраriпg photographs, раrарhrа5iпg Writing: email, clauses of reason & contrast
?: F-.
li.
,
*
j
l
Rоаd\чq А
Sculpture of lcarus
Пеаd the following statements аЬочt the history of fligbt and decide whеthеr they are true (Т) or false (F), Тhе fastest jet powered аirсгаft trачеllеd at more thап 1 1,000 kilometres per hоur, 9.6 times the speed о{ sound. The first аеrорlапе сrаsh occurred in 1928.
2
Lеопаrdо Da Vinci desiqned the {irst hot air balloon around 1485. [ ]
4 в
]
!
2
The average реrsоп would take around 3,500 years to walk to the sun. []
Quickly read the text to find очt hоw mапу people Virgin GаlасtiсЪ spaceships will carry.
lcarus: iпGrееk mytholoы, he died when hеwогеwiпgs made of feathers апd wax that melted whеп hе flew too closeto the suп weightle'sl hачiпg по weight, оr
aPpearingto hаче по weight
рriч ate е nter pr i'e! Ь u si п esses оwпеd Ьу people, not Ьу the gочегпmепt
Thгoughout history, mапkiпd has Ьееп fascinated With flying, Fгоm the myth of lсагUS, Who flew tоо close to the Sчп, to the invention of the most advanced fightег рlапе, mап'S fascination With flgha has dг]чеп Us to сгеаtе Ьiggег and Ьеttег flying machines, Iп
'l9ОЗ, mап's dгеаm
of flуiпg like а Ьiгd came tгUе With the
wгight Flуеr, the fiгSt machine to achieve сопtгоllеd flight,
l
Очег Sixty уеагS ]аtег iп 1969, the Boeing 747 took to the skieS, Мапчfасtuгеd in the Wогld'S IагgеSt fасtогу building in Seattle, USA, its Wide-body design Was able to сагry mоге
раSSепgегS than апу оthег аiгсгаft, геdчсiпg the cost of аiгliпе tгачеl. lп '] 97Б, Сопсогdе WaS iпtгоduсеd, ThiS Was the fiгýt апd опlу раSSепgег рlапе to tгачеl fаStег than the Speed of sound, Space tгачеl, too, has had its оwп amazing developments, lп "I9В1, the Space Shuttle gгаЬЬеd the Wогld'S attention Whеп it Ьесаmе the fiгSt геuSаЬlе 5расесгаft,
Space tгаче has сарtuгеd the imagination of thousands of уоUпgstегs, Опе Sцсh уоUпg регSоп Was Вчгt Rutan, Ai the 1 957 lаUпсh of SрUrлik 1, the fiгSt mап-mаdе object to огЬit the Еагth, Rutan WaS jUSt '] 4 уеагS old. Не believed that gочегпmепt
ге5еагсh into Space tгачеl Would Someday mеап he too Would Ье able to jочгпеу into Sрасе, Ву the mid-'l99os, hоwечег, Rutan had геаlisеd that Waiting fог the gочегпmепt WaSnt going to Wогk. lt WaS thеп that he nesolved to build his оWп spaceship, 'lf mу dгеаm WaS going to come ИUе , of floating We]ghtless in the black Sý and being thгillеd Ьу the Sight of Еагth fгоm oubide очп аtmоSрhеге - |'d have to get thingý Staгted myself,' Said Rчtап.
Rutan WaS епсоuгаgеd to buiId his оWп Spaceship Ьу the ýloW development of аегорlапе design, Five уеагS аftег the Wгight ЬгоthегS'fiгSt flight iп 'l9ОЗ, the аегорlапе Was Still jUSt а dапgегочS счгiоSitу. ОпIу а dozen ог So people had tгiеd flying iп опе, Yet Ьу 19] 2 hчпdгеds of piloЪ had flown аегорlапеs of diffегепt designS that Wеге developed thгочgh ргiчаtе епtепрг]Sе, The bad designS сгаShеd; the good опеS flew. Sооп fасtогiеS in Fгапсе, Епglапd and Gегmапу Wеге 'l ргоdчсiпg huпdгеds, then thousands, of аегорlапеs а уеаг, Why did this happen? Вчг[ RULan believes l,he апSWег lies iп two оЬSегчаtiопS: 'That hss to Ье fчп' апd 'МауЬе l сап do that',
:t
: :::
u
"]:
тг
ll
il
:
Choose the answer (а, Ь, с or d) which fits best э ccording to the text.
-
2
З hе ode
lted е
sun
t,
оr
What does the word its refer to in para 2, line 5?
а ь с d
the t/y'rght F/уеr airline travel
the Воеiпg 747 the wоrldЪ largest factory
Rutan realised he needed to build his оwп spaceship whеп Sputnik 1 was launched. because the government space programme was
а Ь
too
с d
What were the requirements to Win the Ansari Х Prize? а to design а spaceship fоr private use Ь to encoutage pr'vaтe space t.avel с to епtеr space and rеtчrп twice in two weeks d to make ten million dоllаrs for space travel
iiечег,
.,аsп't S оWп
floating эht of
:h пgS
What is this text mainly about? а sir Riсhаrd Вгапsоп's business ь famous аirсrаft с private schemes to build а success{u! sрасесгаft d government rеsеаrсh into space flight
thе
]^S
]
the tу, Опlу а ] Yet Ьу ]р апеý ed
еге Cs, of
lрреп?
Siп
sell something to another business develop ап idea Ьу advertising make something well known in the business world turn something into а business
What prediction about the {uture does the writеr NOT mention? а that we will travel on spaceships Ь that We Will Stop visiting fоrеigп countries с that we will go оп space holidays d that humапs will always Ье interested in {lying
,со would
jасtогiеs
Get the meaning!
D
Complete the sentences with the noun forms of these words. deve[op fascinate invent оЬsеrче rеqчiге Тhе changed the way we live,
ean?
а Ь с d
deSignS
lf а rnUltiple choice question asks you to find What i5 NoT mentioned in the text, yoU muSt look for the information fоr all the answer options. Whеп you fiпd а piece of jnformation, underline it and cro55 out that answer option. continue until уоч are left With one answer option, Whi(h must Ье the согrесt апSWеr.
п paragraph 5, what does the word commercia/ise m
у
SloW,
when hе was опlу 14 years old, while hе was studying the history о{ flight.
Llоэо-Uу
:
- э optimism fina ly paid off. lп 2ОО4 his Specially
;-ed spaceship, sрасе5hiрапе, SUccessfully епtегеd : . : зпd made lt back to Еагth twice iп hlr'o Weeks, .
.: ,чеге the геquiгеmепts to Wiп the ten-miLlion. ДпSагi Х Ргizе, а ргizе designed to епсоUгаgе
the - -эгпепt of ргiчаtе Space tгачеl, RUtan'S success : -a Wогld'S attention, апd чагiочS Schemes to ---.егсiаliSе ргiчаtе Space tгачеL Ьеgап tо арреаг,
: such sсhегпе, siг Richaгd Вгапsоп has licensed _:.1поlоgу of SрасеshiрОпе tol his соmрапу, Viгgiп с Which hopes to оftег огdiпаry people the ' .::-:Jпitу to visit Space. ВгапSоп Uпче led the follow- ] : : .rt SpaceshlpтWo, in DесеmЬег 2m9, Viгgiп's .. :эасеShiрs Will have ьNо pilots апd six раSsепgегS , ]"-d Раssепgегs, who will рау $2ОО,ООО fог а -: lvil float Weightless fог Six thгilliпg miпчtеý аS they ,]: .Ut at Space thгоUgh а lагgе Window, 'of all ihe .: ,ve've dопе" ВгапSоп says, 'Viгgiп Galactic iS the : -i,] most excited about, ЕVеry time l look Up in the . .: п ght, l think about how iпсгеd Ьlе the оррогtuпiw , ::эр е have Ьееп Waiting fог this mоmепt fог - _ _:зпdS of уеагS,'
.
=- ,
Deople think that опе day We Will Ье visiting Space
. ::.ly aS We поW visit fогеigп соUпtгiеS, РегhарS : er we will also have сгеаtеd space hо idays ог
: =:: с weekend Ьгеаks, Опе th пg is fог SUге: Whаtечег
.-..пS
iп the
futчге, mап
]S
'.:tег, hiqhег апd fчгthег
going to continue trying to
away thап ечег Ьеfоге.
з
о{
the computer
with Rob's aeroplanes led him to become а pilot. lп the last decade there have Ьееп several
in space techno!ogy.
4
Detectives need to hаче good powers of
5
А university degree is опе of the
Jоr rгапч iobs.
Would you like to go on holiday in sрасе? Why?/Why not? What do you think реорlе would Ье ab,le to do there?
Y
ооаVиlаrц
А
Label the pictures using these words.
headset kеуЬоагd mouse рriпtеr sсаппеr sсrееп Speakers
tоWеr
з8 в
choose the correct answers.
1
Cloning
2
lf а gadget is portable. it is lightweight and easy to саrrу it is cheap and efficient
3
С
а Ь
is а process in biology used to produce better and faster forms of space trave create а living thing that is exactly like апоthег
lГ
уо.l. с9црцlg1 is touch-screen, you don't have to рrеS5 апу buttons оr keys to you shouldn't touch tbe screen when you аrе using
а Ь
i:
А device is something that
а Ь
а Ь
When you demonstrate а new product or invention, а you sell it to а manufacturer Ь уоч show it to а possible Ьuуеr
is necessary to make machines and engines ruп has been invented for а ceacain purpose
EIectrical appliances are things like
а ь
robots and spacecraft vacuum сlеапеrs and dishwasheгs
Complete the text using these words. Ьгосhчге imргочеmепtS iппочаtiоп mапufасtчrе рrосеSS Staqe
Ап iпчеrrtоr's guide So, you think you've finaily come up wlth the invention that will сhапgе the wоrld! Do you think that all those hours spent making (1) to уоur original design and testing, re-testing and testing yet again are abrout to рау off? Well, before you start соuпtiпg аll that mопеу you think you're going to receive for your fab,u ous (2) you'd better think again. You see, it's а sad, but true, fact that the (З) of getting somethinq new оп the market is а long опе. lпчепtоrs must travel а rочgh and rосkу road to get frоm the еаrlу development (4) to thе аll-imроrtапt согпmеrсiаl liсепсе of their invention. So, bre{ore уоч'rе left with а cellar fu l о{ worthless gadgets that уоu simp у cannot get rid of, consider the fo owing саrеfullу. . Make а list of possible companies which might want: to (5) your product_ . Send а lеttеr, оr even Ьеttег, a(n) (6) your product to the companies describinq уоur corт оп уоur list. Fiпаllу, Ье patient, stay саlm and печеr stop inventing. Even Alexander Grаhаm Bell had his bad days!
(5)
D
46
Do you agree with these quotes? Compare your answers with а partner's.
. . .
'Опе rпасhiпе сап do the work of fifty ordinary mеп, Ьut no mасhiпе can do the work ЕlЬеrt Hubbard 'Man is still the rnost extraordinary computer о{ all.'John Е Kennedy 'Computers are useless. They сап опlу give you апswегs.' РаЫо Picasso
о{
опе ехtrаоrdiпаrу man.'
В
Complete these sentences using а correct future tense.
Euture Simple, Shall, Ве going to, Future Continuous & Fчtчrе Perfect Simple
А
Stop pulling the computer mouse! You're going to damage it. _ Ь At '12 o'clock tоmоrrоw, l'll Ье taking my tecbnology exam. с Shall l help you? d Robots will Ье раП of alI оur lives in the
4 5
с
1
6
!
refers to an action that will Ье completed Ьу or before а specific time in the future?
!
refers to an action that will Ье in progress at а specific time in the future?
!
makes а prediction for the immediate future based оп счrrепt evidence? ! rеfеrs to а prediction? !
1ead 4.1-4,4 of the Grаmmаr Rеfеrепсе оп ра9е5 '65-166 before you do the tasks.
rff?
n
hat you
::':.е
shаll thеrе Ье
will thеrе hаче Ьееп
way to 9о!
hаче become lопg too.
,/
will Ь,е becoming рагt of the learning environment
:: -:ational robotics isn't just а revolutionary idea any mоrе; it has become :: ], This reality is а humanoid robot called NAO developed Ьу а Frепсh : :
-эапу. NAO listens, speaks, sees апd reacts to touch. NAO
::::^ing of science and technology.
is а tool for the
J:-эепts
(З) will Ье using / will have used NAO as а tool to lеаrп about robotics :- э эthеr Subjects such as mathematics and computer programming instead of _ _. using traditional methods, lt (4) will Ье / will hаче been wопdегfчl for students
-: :э hands-on experiments and experience how muсh fun robotics сап Ье. : -="ently,
NAO (Academics Edition) is being used in mаjоr universities and :::,atories around the world. but it (5) will soon have Ьееп / is sооп going to Ье
:
,
э
=
able to the 9епеrаl рчЫiс too. Without а doubt,
NAo
Jane?
tourist space travel iп the пеаг future?
-i. -S impoгtant
i ,.
whiteboaгd tесhпоlоgу in the
will there Ье
circle thе correct words. *
_
аrе going to hаче
: ;rary thinkers believe that rottotics (1) shаll Ье / will soon Ье aS computers аrе now. lVlost probably, robrotics
Well,
the
Most teachers
с _ а ь с
as even if
iobotics
l
The education minister has confirmed that from next уеаr, studепЪ _ the;r own compUter at School. а will Ье having ь will have had
the main clause contains а fчturе tense. -::ead We Use а present or present реrfесt tense.
]nt
feel tired at the moment so
centre. ? а We are going Ь Shall we go с Will we hаче gопе _ the report Ьу 5 o'clock. а Will you Ье doing Ь Will you have done с Shаll you do
::,lporals such as whеп, after, until, thе mоmепt and а5
)
l
l
А new science museum has just opened in the city
3е careful! :этеmьеr а future tense cannot Ье used with l:эп
in а few years.
This time neХt Week
cJassroom frоm now оп. а shаll use ь will have used с are going to use
_
!
l
choose the correct answers.
The technicians wil| hаче installed surveillance саmеrаs Ьу next week.
refers to intentions оr plans?
think
l
__
lt
which sentence
3
l
Look оut! Yочr laptop is too пеаr thё edge of the tаЫе.
_
makes а suggestion or offer?
ShalI
5
The computer соmрапу is going to Ыiпg out new sofМare пехt week.
1 2
2
4
а
f
Tomorrow morning l'm
з
ldentify the structures in bold iп the sentences апd thеп answer the queStions.
пеаr futu rе.
1
: gоiпg to make / shall make classes mоrе fun for both teachers and students!
L\stеч\чq А ('Lirt"n
*о this conversation between Jim and Valerie and decide who еасh question is about. Write J (Jim) оr V (Valerie).
1 2 3 4 5
в
(
Who didn't know that there was а рrоЫеm? Who likes to have long telephone conversations?
t]
.
]
Who suggeststhatthe other changes his/her telephone habits? f] Who {eels that the other is not being very sympathetic? П Who points out that long conversations аге not mоrе expensive? Г
' Now listen again and complete the phrases that the speakers use to express these meanings.
1 2 з 4 5
.
аппоуiпg mе functions согrесtlу
оп mч пеrчеs
perfectly
disconnects us begins to make noises
sta гts
talk for Shогtеr lengths о{ time
have shorter
us off
С б
You will hеаr people talking in six Situations. Fоr questions 1-6, choose the best answer, а, Ь оr с. You hеаr sоmеопе talking about а household device. Which item is he talking about? а а dishwasher Ь а washing mасhiпе с а vacuum сiеапеr
Сlоsо-Uр YoU may not hear the exact WoгdS that you read in the anSwer choices, 5о think carefully about What еасh ап5Wеr choice meanS.
You hеаг two teenagers talking in an electrical appliance shop. What does the girl decide to buy?
а Ь с
а laptop an lVlP3 player а mobile рhопе with radio
Yоu hеаr а mап talking. What does hе say is the best thing about thе product he's b,ought?
а ь с
lt сопtrоls lots of things. |tъ useful fог travellers. lt's easy to USe.
You hеаr раrt of а news rероrt. What does the рrе5епtеr say is in doubt? а that suppliers will wantto design the seats Ь that апуопе will buy the tickets с that Ечrореап regulations will allow thе new design You hear а woman talking. What do she and her husband both want to buy?
а Ь с
а cooker а hоmе cinema system а computer
Yоu hеаr а girl talking. How does she {eel about hеr Ыоth еr?
а Ь с
48
l
She thinks he's going to Ье чеrу successful, She thinks he's wasting his Lime. she doesn't саrе whether he's successful or поt.
( п
>Peaklvlo) {
Work with а partner and answer these questions.
.
What do you think iS the greatest jnvention? Why? Do you hаче an email ассочпt? What do уоu use it fоr? How often do you use it? l{ you had the оррОrtuпitу to learn at home using а computer instead of going to school, would you? Why?,Ar'r'hy not? lf you had to choose опе electronic device to take with you on holiday, whai would it Ье?
The following electronic devices have become part of mапу people's daily lives. How often do you each of them? Which ones could you not live without and whу?
. . .
-
aptop mobile рhопе МРЗ player
. . .
digital саmеrа video game сопsоlе GPS navigator
Work with а раrtпеr and answer the questions about the photographs. One of you should Ье Student А and thе other should be'Studeit Ё. Remember to use the Usefu/ Expressions.
Llоsо-Vр When you dont know а word
оrсап't remember
it,
don't
Waste time tryin9 to bring it to mind.Think of anotherWay to
express the same idea.
е
exact
Student А: Соmраге photos 1 and 2 and say what the
in the n]nk :
advantages of еасh situation are.
each
student в: which situation do you think is best to wогk iп?
lS,
Student В: Соmраrе photos З and 4 and say what the disadvantages of each situation are.
student А: Do you think it's
а good idea to use robots to
manufacture things?
r}_ ]iscuss these questioný With а Partner.
' ' ' '
Эо уоч think technology has simplilied оur lives оr ,nade them mоrе difficult? Why? ]о уоч рrеfеr face-to-face communication or communication via telephone or email? Why?
Do you think using motrile phones is bad for our realth? Why? What are the benefits and drаwЬасk of shopping on :hе lnternet?
Usеfаl tхуrеss\очs Paraphrasing Will robots ever replace humans? /Wjll robots ever do the,job of hчmапs? Тесhпоlоgу has Simplified our lives, /Technology has made our lives easier. Сап you think of апу benefits / drawbacks of mobile рhопеs? / Are there апу advantages / diSadvantages of mobile phones that yoU сап think of?
49
! ооаVиlаrц
.word formation
А
Complete the table.
u9lb
,
l '
почп ; explosion
adlectjv9 9xp|osille
|.99l
] 9Т_Р9Уе| l revolutionise industrialise
i
!9active P9We'.
revolutionaгy industгy
ехсеllепсе
excellent
lT9s]l" В
imaginative
Complete the sentences with words from А.
1 2
Neil Аrmstrопg, thе {irst mап оп the moon, is а(п) mапу young аstrопаuts. what it must Ье like to walk оп the mооп! lcan't
з 4
The initial
5
lv]ark Wants
6
but а building was
No опе was hurt during the dama9ed.
to the iPad has Ьееп very positive; they've
sold millions, when hеъ older.
to Work in the computer communication?
Did thе lnternet
,
7 The man gave them а(п)
9 10
talk about the Space programme.
very well whеп l told him l'd Ьrоkеп his new
Рёtё didn't digital camera. Не isn't чеrу good at aft but he is
at science.
engines in order to Ье аЫе to
А spacecraft needs чеrу go to the mооп.
phrasal verbs
С
Rewrite the sentences below in your notebook, replacing the words in bold with these phrasal verbs. back
1 2 З 4 5 6
D
50
uP
btast
off
соmе up
With
hook
up
tog
in
Set up
l'll get the technician to connect уоur соmрUtеr to the power supply right away, so you сап use the Net. l'll give you my password, so you сап gain access to а computer and begin your work. lnventors think of, suggest and make newand helpful gadgets all thetime-they're amazing. The rocket is going to leave the ground and head for space iп half an hour. Remember to make а сору of your work оп your сОmрчtеr at the end of the day. You don't Want to lose апуthiпg.
HowlongWill ittake Pete to getthe experiment rеаdу for later?
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. . . .
whо has Ьееп ап inspiration to you? why?
How do уоч think the home computer has revolutionised the way we work today? What is more important fоr а scientist - imagination оr intelligence? lf уоu were ап inventor, what kind of gadget would you invent?
Temporals
А
Underline the temporals in each sentence and notice the tenses which foIlow them.
.
Will you check that you have switched off the рriпtеr before you leave? |'ll save the {ile as sооп as lfinish updating it. Please text me thе moment you have апу news. Whеп l get mу оwп computer, l'll Ье аЫе to chat with my friends, |'ll wait until the technician fixes the hаrdwаrе.
. . . .
Complete the rчlеs. Ъmроrаls are time expressions. Even though We often use them to :: k аЬочt the future, they аrе поt folIowed Ьу а future tense. We u5е
tense. When we want to emphasise that опе =:iion finishes before апоthеr starts, We u5е the Present Perfect Simple. ,', hеп we don't need to emphasise the оrdеr of events, we use the tense. ?ead 4.5 of the Grаmmаr Rеfеrелсе оп page 166 before you do tlte tasks.
circle the correct words.
'] 2
З 4 5 6 I
Won't сhапgе my password until / Ьу the time l get а rеmiпdеr. l'll buy an iPad when / before lsave up enough mопеу. l
Тhе doctor will examine the astronaut before / until she gets on board the spaceship, Dr Jones will саll you the moment / until he receives the results. The exhibition will Ье over Ьу the time / after David arrives. Until / As 5ооп as the systems programmer has fixed the рrоЫеm, we'll get back to work.
complete the sentences with the correct form of the чеrьs in brackets. use опе future tense and опе рrеsепt tense.
1
The technician into our пеW house. (install, move)
2 __
recorder (record, get)
the security аlаrm before we my favourite TV рrоgrаmmеs when
3We
4| 5
the most up-to-date in{ormation Until We
thе lпtеrпеt. (not find, use) (download, need) The students
_
а DVD
l
the file Ьу the time you
а robotics demonstration from their iuпсh Ыеаk. (watch, come b,ack)
to access it. aS
5ооп as they
Jen nifer
the online application fоrm after she the песеssаrу information. (complete, 9ather) rДhiпg.
Э
Complete the sentences аЬочt the future so that they are true аЬочt you.
1
l'll buy а new mob,ile рhопе when Afte" l have linished my stud'es, my раrепts з [V]y classmate and lwill have completed оur science project before 4 |'ll activate the аlаrm а5 sооп as 2
5
|'ll have finished studying English Ьу
6
'll lend you my spare mobile until
тlе time
51
tлlrifiи4 clauses of reason & contrast Whеп you write, you will often need to justify уочr opinion, You can use clauses of reason to explain tbe rеаsоп fоr something and clauses of сопtrаst to express ап opposite idea or opinion.
clauses of reason аrе introduced with these words: . as/since/becauselthe rеаsоп whу + ýub'ect + чеrЬ
. .
because o{/due to + noun/the fact that the rеа5оп for + поUп
clauses of contrast are introduced with these words:
. . .
аlthочgh/ечеп though/but/while/whereas/yet however,/nevertheiess, + subject + verb in spite of/despite + поuп/thе fact that/-ing
А
Tick the correct sentences and correct the Wrong ones in your notebooks.
] 2 3 4 5 б В
+
subject
The rеаsоп for l was impressed was the centre's
+
чеrЬ
organisation,
The astronaut gave ап interesting lecture, Ьесаusе some реорlе couldn't hear Тhе space shuttle launch was postponed due for bad weather.
him.
The technology fair was ехсеllепt, Ноwечеr, the opening hours should have Ьееп
lwould definitely гесоmmепd the product despite of
its
cost.
extended.
ln myopinion,young people prefer interactive game consoles since they aгe more challenging than traditional games.
Read the writing task and the notes you have made апd tick the things you must do in the task below. You hаче received ап email frоm the mапаgеr of а visitor centre you wелt to rеселt/у. Read the mапаgеr's еmаil апd the notes you have made. Тhеп, write ап emailto the mапаgеr, usiпg all yaur notes.
Dear Visitor,
we would like your Exploration Visitor Сепtrе aS раrt ot а school яrоuр, As vou rесепtlч visited the Оrап Space *"irro ье чеrу grateful if you could [ake the {eebback on your experience and th! time to rерlу,
f;;ffi;;;;;;;;i*.
й"
the Spacecraft exhibitionS interesting and Firstlv, We Would like to knoW if yoU foUnd to visitors? *-,| *"у iЁ"уlЬ"rа Ье made mоrе appealing Move iпlerac\ive, 7ейа7s?
informative, ls there аПУ
in уоUr part of the visitor centre WaS, We are very interested Secondly, please tell us What уоur favourite ,uggestions you miвht have,----x *лп rocket exhibition ьесц\лsе ", bpinion ЪпО
"ny
Furthermore,WeareconsideringincludingeХperttalkSbyformerastronaUtSaSpartofourattractionS'DoyoU *ould Ье interested in such talks? -_,_|not re ally, because ", iЙiпt
'.uп.еЪ"
if you have апу other suggestions or PleaSe do not hesitate to let us knoW
com'"nt',---rnlu,,n,
Fri,n lar уаuпq 7ea7le
Yours faithfully, Сlаrk Rуап
Quality control Мапаgеr
5?
t
1
express уоur орlпlоп
2
apologise {оr something
make some suggestions 4 write an informal email 3
п г
f L L f L
,
Llоsо-Uр
Read thе model email and circ|e the correct words.
-::r Мr
:т
] -зп
Ryan,
Writing in response to your email asking for feedback on the Space Exploratjon Visitor Сепtrе.
: -::ly, rе8аrdiпg the spacecraft exhibitions, l found them eХtremely -'эгmаtiче (1) as / the reason for l learnt а great deal about the ;:оrу of the spacecraft. (2} While / Ноwечеr, the exhibitions ,.] ld Ье much mоге interestin8 if theyWere more interactive. -: - this геаSоп, the rocket exhibition made the biggest -эrеSSiоп оп me (3) the reason why / since it is the опlу thing -:i is interactjve. l поW Understand better how spacecraft wоrk ]) l.re to the fact that / because of l ехреriепсеd а 'flight' оп а
-i:
When уоч are WIitin9 а formal letter ог email to someone Whose name you don't know,begin Dearsir/Madаm and sign off wilLh Yоuь laithfuПy.|f you know the реrsопi name, then use it in the greeting (eg DeorM5
'1r*.) "":
G
,: га l, l really enjoyed my visit to the centre. l have э mmended it to а ll my friendS а nd pla п to visit again Soon. a l -iespite / Nevertheless, l believe that reducing the price of а -,.:et WoUld ensUre that mоrе young реорlе could visit.
from our records that you have recently bought one of оur high роWеr telescopes. We would like your feedback оп оur product and would Ье very grateful if you could take the time to rерlу. l see
|il
апd
telescope [оr professional rеаsопs
Read the model email again and write Т (truе) оr F (false).
1 2 З 4 5 6
The writer gгееts the reader and signs off Тhе writer has covered all hеr notes.
с d е
рrореrlу. ]
П Тhе writеr justifies her орiпiопs. П Тhе writer рrеsепts feedback in а constructive way. П The writer's tone is vеrу negative_ fТhе ideas аrеп't сlеаrlу linked in the email, Г
f
is роssiЫе.
2
с
з
Since the eqUipment iS
"oyihOJ
Thank you in advance fоr helping us to improve oUr product.
cu-e
Yours faithfUlly,
Janet Douglas ProdUct Development Мапаgеr
Usе|иl {хргеss\оц; Giving opinion5
believe/fёel -.. opinion, ... То my mind, ... ... made ап impression on me ... ... haS proved to Ье ... l
In my
Тhе CD-ROM is extremely а lot frоm it, ln my theoretical.
-.,
[]
Look at the Useful Expressions and complete the sentences with appropriate words. Sometimes more than опе answer
'1
--/
which feature о[ the telescope уоч feel is most USefUl for уоUr needs, in addition to Sug8esting any improvements We could make to the model you purchased. \provilz а
Suggest how spacecraft exhibition could Ье improved, ! Sum up impression of the visitor сепtrе and comment оп опе thing that could Ье improved, ! comment оп mапаgеrЪ suggestion for future event. i] Discuss favourite part and say why, Slaтe tl"e ,еаsоп for writing.
оr
for leisure, Secondiy does it meeL your needs? <-уе5, Ьесац9е ,,. l|e (,;cl t|a* ,1 , !,qhtwetqhl. oecт|'!se lt WоUlфlSо Ье helpful iГ you could tell us
Write the соrrесt раrаgrарh пчmЬеr next to еасh description.
а Ь
.
wtlalite gad 5зarqt,ziпq 1,_ Fiгstlу, we wouId like to know if you use the) |аЬоу
эоk again!
)
Пеаd the writing task and make а раrаgrарh plan for your email. Remember to justify your opinion using
Dеаr cUstomer,
f
_
.|
Yоu hаче received а п еmаil frоm а соmрапу that you rесепtlу bought а te/escope frогп, Read the email алd the notes you have mаdе, Тhеп writе ап emai/ to th е соmрапу, usiпg all уочr notes. (120-180 words)
rосkеt,
f )ameS.
ii:::rely
clauses of reason and contrast.
::
L L L
off withYou:s :|n."
Over to you!
- 'act, lfeel that sUch exhibitions give students а better idea of ': iп space than talkS Ьу fоrmеr astronaUtS WoUld. conseqUently, -:!bt that the talks suggested WoUld Ье чеrу popU lar With : -пg реорlе (5} because / yet they usually prefer to take ап , :. ve part in Some Way.
г
r1""
and llearnt science lessons should Ье less
Feedback ье interactive
it is easy to carry.
4 То my it would Ье Ьеttеr а wider rапgе of со]оurs to choose from.
i{
there was
Ье lightweight/poпable/practical/conVenient Ье ideal/Suitable/appropriate for enthu5iasts
Ье extremely informative take ап active part in
5з
Dl/D
Before you watch
А
Work with а partner and answer these questions.
. . .
How mапу different ways о{ gепеrаtiпg electricity сап you think of? what are they? which of these аrе rепеwаые епеrgу sources? choose опе rепеwаые and опе поп-гепеwаьlе energy source and discuss the advantages and disadvanta9es of each.
While уоч watch
В
Watch the DVD and circle the words you hеаr.
1 2 3 4 5 6
lt'S Ьееп difficult to turn that епеrgу / sUn ight into electricity.
А mаjоr supporter / advocate fоr solar епеrgу can Ье fоuпd in California. lVany new homes iп Sасrаmепtо are equipped / provided with solar cells. lf they use iess роwеr than they produce, the utility соmрапу sends them brack а cheque {оr thе difГеrепсе / similarity.
Unlike pbotosensitive / photovo]taic systems, which capture the епеrgу in sunlight directly, these mirrоrs reflect the sunlight onto а tube {i]led with а special oil. 5о lопg as the sun rises, solar power will continue to оffеr hope fоr а dерепdаЫе / rеliаЫе - and сlеапеr - solution to the world's energy needs.
After you watch
С
Complete the summary ofthe DVD below using these words. affordabte huge pottution powerful residents rеsоurсеs Supporter
source of епеrgу is actually out in Еагth's most (1) space. lt's оur sun. lVапу реорlе already use some solar energy, but for solar power to Ье used instead of оthеr limited and disappearing епеrgу (2) it has to Ье both (з) and dependable. Sасrаmепtо, the capital of California, is а major (4) сап save or ечеп make mопеу of solar епеrgу. lts (5) using solar роwеr through 'net metering'. This (6) allows реорlе who produce extra power to sell it back to the utility соmрапу at the same price as they would поrmаllу рау for it. Iп California's l\4ojave Desert there is a(n) (7) sоlаr plant that generates sоlаr energy. Whеп the Кrаmеr Junction sоlаr power facility is working at full capacity, it сrеаtеs а total of 150 megawatts. This is enough power for about half а million houses. Furthermore, it сап do аll this whi]e producin9 чеrу little саrЬоп dioxide or (8)
D
l
54
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. .
Do you think саlifоrпiаъ solar energy policies could work in your country? why? / why not?
what do уоu think сап Ье done to hеlр solve the world's епеrgу рrоыеms?
Units 3 & 4
'ооаVиlаrц
А
Complete the sentences with both words. '1 Stage proceSS
а
The development of а пеw product The first the longest.
а Ь а Ь а Ь
i5
innovation invention
а lопg
Тhе
of Tv has chanoed оur way of li{e dramatically.
of development is
We are living in а century of technological
additives vaccinations
bandages сгчtсhеs
Children аrе given
protect them a9ainst variouý diseaSeS. l
Ь
рrеfег eating food that doesn't contain апу
portab[e touch-Screen
а
We have got
а CD рlауеr which we take outside when the weather is nice. lf you aren't {amiliar with usin9 соmрutегs,
lrесоmmепdа_
sore
tender
l hаче l
ь
_опе,
а
swallow food it hurts а lot.
а
throat and when
Ь
The раrt of my hand where l cut mysel{ is still and painful.
Whеп he Ыоkе his leg, thе опlу way fоr him to mоvе around was to use Тhе nurse wil] have to change the оп your wound every day. Shape figure
Jogging
iS а
good Way to Stay in
The model has а oreat ShеЪ got опg legs and а slim body.
ward
пчrsе
lvs Jones is thе
on duty
at the mоmёпt,
The hospital kept clean and tidy for patients.
must Ье
Complete the word groups with these words. appliance diаgпоsе infection mапufасtчrе minerals
rеmеdу surgеоп
tгeadmitt
5
teSt, examine,
2
prescription, medication, protein, vitamins,
6
gym, weights,
з
device, gadget,
7
optician, dietician,
4
bui d, produce,
8 tеmрегаtчrе, flu,
1
Circle the correct pr€positions.
1 2 З 4 5 6 7 Е
How healthy уоu are depends at / on how уоu treat your body. Аll young children аrе vaccinated about / a9ainst some diseases. ВrапsопЪ соmрапу, Virgin Galactic, is focusing at / оп building spaceships for оrdiпаrу реорlе. Fаir реорlе shouldn't stay out in the SUn for too long because they аrе оп / at risk of getting sunburnt. ]nventors hаче contributed fоr / to progress in technology, l
can't log at / in because my computer has Ыоkеп down.
Weall need to work оп / fоr оur health апd try to eat healthy foods. Susan was feeling uпdеr / over the wеаthег last Weekend and took it easy.
Complete thе sentences with thе correct form of the words iп bold,
Т 2 З 4 5 5
This computer software сап Ье changed to suit уоuг There is no in his hеаlth and he is still in hospital.
That famous dосtоrЪ book оп health is truly That architect b,ecame {amous because of his Му doctor 9аче me а This new rоЬоt is а
,
. REoUlRE lMPRovE
|NSP|RE
desions. |MAG|NE for antibiotics whеп my cold became worse. PRESCR|BE
development in technology. REVOLUT|ON 55
Units 3 & 4
(зrаvпWаr А
Complete the sentences With the Present РеrfеС Simple or the Present Реrfесt Continuous using these verbs.
capture develop eat lose rеасh Simptify Sleep
trачеt
а lot of weight just Ьу walking fоr ап bour every day.
3
The ЬаЬу so please Ье quiet,
очr lives since thе
late 60s. The couple the last two yearS,
fоr less thап ап hоur,
nourishing food to improve hеr health for the paýt уеаr.
to lndia five times
Jane
Space travel imaginaLion [о. а long lime,
в
Тесhпоlоgу
his
Тоm
destination yet?
people's
This computer company types of software since 1990.
choose the correct answers.
1
2
Dаппу will his new video game console епd of the weekа гесеiчеd ь have rесеiчеd с гесеiчiпg This time next уеаг, we will telescopes to ехрlоге Space.
а Ь с
3
4
the
The technician will have fixed hег comes back frоm the uk. а as soon as
Ь с
пеw mоге powerful
building Ье building hаче built
This соmрапу а new robot for the hоmе Ьу thе end of the уеаr. а will have buit ь will build
а Ь с
аrе уоu going to
is gоiпg to build l
take уочr computer to Ье repaired?
а Will bAm с Shall
с circle
lS
going to
рhопе
l
10
fall into the water.
you have finished the work.
unti] а5
5ооп
think you wilI enjoy Ье enjoying have enjoyed
this book оп health апd fitness.
This time next month in Grеесе.
а Ь с
she
will Ье will
Please don't leave Ьу the time
с
laptop
until Ьу the time
Ве careful! Your
а Ь с а Ь
с
5
Ь,у
Whеп . __ buy а пеw mobile? а you are going to Ь you will
с
in
you
relaxing оп ап island
will Ье will will have
the correct words.
Eat less, live lопgеr! а ittle food every day help slow the aging process? We know that food is песеs5агу to keep аll living things alive. But why is it that (2) some / а l]ttle animals like laboratory rats, сап live twice their поrmаl life spans when they аrе fed fеwеr calories? Scientists have known {or (3) а few / а lot of уеаrs, about 70, that animals such as dogs and mice show increased Jongevity when they eat less food. Could eating опlу
(1) а few /
Dean Роmеrlеач began eating 2000 саlоriеs а day at the age of З5. His weight has dropped Ьу about 20 kilos and hе calculates that ечеrу calorie hе avoids is wогth aErout З0 seconds of extra life. 'l am willing to give up (4) а piece of / а few pizza to live апоthеr three hоuгs!' he says. Мапу реорlе avoid foods that contain (5) а Lot of / ots sugar and fat in the hope of living lопgег. BUt is it Wоrth it and more impoгtantly iS it true? scientists have not yet found (6) muсh / many proof, but what they do kпоw is that the key to eating гight is balance. So, is it worth living а little longer, but not enjoying а (7) few / lэаr of chocolate once in а while? 56
&4
verbs. .э the :'mе5 iп
Reading:
article, missing sentences
Writing:
еssаи presenting аrgчmепt5
'vосаlэu!агу: succeSs- апd ambition-related Words, prepositions, collocations & expressions бrаmmаr: modaIs, semi-modaIs, modals perfect l-iStening: muItiple matching Speaking: talking about ambition and sчссе5s, decision making, ехрrе5siпg certainty & uncertainty
his
ieW
:he
,,
оrk,
.iand
l..
:о keep
: SpanS :s dogs
ie -: hоре
lsЁ--лj .a -"s -a "s Sýi .ý -"(r ё+ _{ a л-a "(\ i. ý -.a,\\ ё- "s,"ý ý лý лJ' .-. ,c л\d+-j+ ".' ,с ,;{л,+ + + Е** aa
._a
лý
ýлs 'sлý -ý .ýz
_-{С "s f{. ,{
ýý
юЪz
{i
:i
What does success mеап to you? Put the following in order of how important they are in defining success (1 = most important; 5 = least important). ]
wealth hi9h StatuS
реrsопа happiness good friends making а diflerence
Do а class survey to find out what the most popular choice is!
:]
Read the article to find out approximately how mапу cataract operations the НСР does every year.
сс]:аrвсt: а medica! сопditjоп which causes gгоduаl los' of 5ight t _,1,1ltc
The ]
L,,
|аr |оm рlосе,whеrе othe,
people live
de'lti1 sеr!:е!lсе: а condition аr рrоЬlеm that leads to death e!i!l\iila'ie: to get rid of sаmеthiпg iireie55!y: not getting tiгеd of dоiпg
5omething
,e5tara.ioF: Ьriпgiпg somethiog back to its огlgiпаl condition
Dr Sanduk Ruit апd Dr Geoff ТаЬiп have ап uпчsuаl реrsопаl goal: to cure as much unnecessary bllndness in the]r ]ifetime as poss ble, 1 CaLa.i]ctS аrе Ьу fаr the most соmmоп cause of treatable b]indness in the developing world, and Dr Ru t developed а technique that a]lows safe, loW-coSt cataract operations, Очеr the years, Dr Ru t and Dr Tabin have proved that hospital quality standards сап Ье арр ied success{ully ечеп п теп-lоiе aTeas of the developing wor d, Тоgеthег, through the work of the НСР, they have made the impossilrle, possible,
The Wor]d Health Organ sation de{ines а реrsоп as functiona ly bl]nd when that реrsоп саппоt реrfоrm the daiiy tasks n life that are песеssаrу to survive,
Е-
.#,*
ч}}
l ,_
,
.7'
,i
Sanduk. Ruit and l _Dr ur Geott lаьlп awalt
ý"'u'*,
"t "n
"",u-o,
lоsо-UР .
Get the meanin9
iе Surе that the sentence уоu сhоо5е to
D
!
Complete the sentences with the correct words.
] gap fits iп logically With the Sentence comes after it а5 Wella5 With the
expedition miгасLе раssiоп
::.
,:епсе that come5 Ьеfоге it,
!ive sentences have been removed from :hе textл Choose frоm the sentences А-F :hе one which fits еасh gap ('l -5). Тhеrе s опе extra sentence which you do not leed to use.
l
2
l've печеr Ьееп оп
з
4 5 6
lt was then that hе understood his life's miSSion,
сап't be]ieve thisl lt must Ье а(п)
1
l
a(n)
have a(n)
dusty rough This is the part in,
to the mountains. fоr music,
daring
most
mission l've ever taken
Ве саге{ul not to fall, Тhе gгоuпd ls P|ease с
еа, rу
hеrе.
des|,, ll's чеrу
То {ulfi] thi5 goal, they started the
Нimаlауап cataract Project (НСР) in 1995, \eve,Lгe,oss, D, ЪЬ'r re[us^s ,о give uo, Еасh ореrаtiоп takes only six or seven minuteS to perform, SiL.laTion, l <е rг"sе саг l^ave а se,io-s effect оп thе quality of life fоr the Ь]iпd оегsоп, thеiг family and even his оr hеr community. Тhеrе are also Ti ganga medical teams ,e,note а,еа", bomeTirre. ,.,1,1o ttauel Lo оп foot, to treat people,
.
Jeveloping world, а family mеmЬеr who blind сhапgеs frоm being Sоmеопе Who :-rtes io the family ]nto а famjly burden: а :_-d who can't wоrk in the fields, а mother :l't аЬ е to walk очеr rough ground to collect - оr а child who сап по lопgеr attend school, As Dr ТаЬiп says, 'lп the Himalayan Ьindness s а death senience, Fоr а long -. эeople thought that as you gгоw old, уочr -,nS White, уочг eyes turn wh te and you die,'
_,sual
.dneSS
-es
ате
aпеSS
-
hаче
;р led ]р пg
:hеу
,-l
. ]'
. . . о . .
Dr Geoff ТаЬiп, со-Dirесtоr of the Himalayan Cataract Project Jennifer Aniston, celebrity cristiano Ronaldo, football рlауеr Bill Gates, {оuпdеr of I\4icгosoft саr]оs Slim Helu, businessman апd world's rlchest реrsоп Аmеliа Еагhаrt, first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic
А child smiles at ап еуе camp in Nepal.
Dr Tabin'S greatest pass опS, rпочпtаiп
: -g, led him to
aS
Who do you think deserves the most respect fоr their achievements? Why?
h
s profess onal саrееr, After
lg the summit of lйоuпt Everest оп опе of
эrm the
-,эеditiопS, he came across а Dutch team -
:,т
ng а cataract ореrаtiоп оп а wоmап who As Dr Ь ind {оr thrее years. З l have Ru]t and Dr зауs, 'lVy раrtпеr Sanduk preventable and .ed to wоrk to е miпаlе alJ rеg,ог ir ауаг lге Hima . Ьt'пdгеss lrоm to out than setting ':t mе, а goal mоrе dаr]пg Everest" Мочпt Fасе of .. :he fiгst ascent of the East
_-еп
-gп the НСР has expanded lnto AJrica rесепtlу, . : ld from the Himalayan region Wеrе the focus of . , ,сrk iп the еаrlу years, This is because this аrеа : ^е of the highest rates of саtагасt blindness ]п the : Тпе base of operations s ihe Tilganga lnstitute , , ^tha moLogy in Nepal, which treats 2,500 patients :- ,leek, 4 The teams often find that there ]s . -:tr city or drinking Water, but Within а few hourS, - -ап turn а dusty School bU]lding into a'hospital гооm' . -: :he Sight-restoring suгgеrу is carried out. Тhеrе,
пi
ц*l
€qр
Ruit and iп await
е camP.
I
l
i# /}
;,#,
they work tiK aS mапу patil
location.
Г;iы,',,{ý э Ьriпg the miracle of sight back to роssiЫе Ье fore moving оп to the next
How mапу cataract Surger]es does the НСР реrfоrrп every уеаr? Together With their padnerS, the НСР contributes to the examinatlon and treatment о{ очеr З70,000 patients аппUаllу, including provlding Surgery to очег З1,000 And опе of the most amazing things iS patients, that this life-changing surgery опlу costs the НСР $20. The result of the HCP's wогk is not just the restoration of sight: it's the rеstогаtiоп of human life,
5
59
Y
ооаVиlаrц
А
comPlete the sentences using two of the words in еасh group. 1 best-selting accomplished devoted 4 loss fоrtuпе
a(n)
Tim is has written over а dozen novels in the last ten years.
author who
faitures goats accomptishments said that Steven wouId печеr achieve his but after overcoming ma ny he is поw а famous record producer, [V]апу
З
riЬЬоп medal cup Wеаriпg his
around his neck, the proud team captain саrгiеd the championship off the pitch.
в
с
profit
Reports say the family greatly increased when they sold the property, makinc а of очеr а million pounds
jewetlery [and possessioný
Being а millionaire, hе owns ail over the country and his wife wears designer clothes and
detёrmined vaLuab[e stubborn Тhе actor succeeded in becominq fаmочs because hе was and he had lеаrпt lessons at drama school-
circle the odd ones out.
1 dreams 2 ЫосkЬustеr 3 worship
hopes
fantasies
flop idolise
rесоrd-ыеаkеr епчу
4 self-confident arrogant 5 flawless peгfect 6 infamous celebrated
modest faulty renowned
circle the correct answers.
А true success story Орrаh Winfrey, world-renowлed talk show host, (1) tiring / tireless philanthropist. talented actor woman's life - tothissomethinq. rеаllу tells the ragS to (2) wealth / riches story of what can Ье achieved when you really set mind уоuг Вогп into (3) пееd / poverty in Mississippi, l\z]issouri in 1954, Орrаh has often Ьееп called опе of the most (4) influential / leading women оп the planet. At,andoned Ьу hеr mоthег at а very уоuп9 aqe, Орrаh was raised iп а ruпdоwп inner-city neighbourhood, Her tеепа9е years were full of hardship, апd it wasn't until Oprah WaS nearly twenty
that hеr life Ьеgап to сhапgе for the better.
working for а radio station while she was still а student iп high school, oprah's natural (5) 9ift / рrеsепt as а пеwsrеаdеr quickly became apparent and her climb up the (6) ladder / steps of succes. Was а speedy опе. Аftег (7) benefiting / boosting the ratings of а little known chicago talk show to the top spot, oprah's ambition and (8) drive / walk rеsчltеd iп hеr setting up her own production соmрапу. The rest, as the saying goes, is history, Орrаh winfrey hаs Ьееп rапkеd as опе of the wоrldъ first д{riсап-дmеriсап billionaires. Being the реrsоп she is, she doesn't keep аll this mопеу to herself. lnstead, she spends huge amounts each уеаr helping others.
D
Do you agree with these statements? Соmраrе your answers With а partner's.
. . . .
60
t
Аll the mопеу iп the world can't buy you happiness. lt's harder fоr women to climb the ladder of success than mеп, Power and possessions make the mап. Following уоuг dreams is mоrе important than making mопеу.
'Л
А
в
odals & Semi-modals Complete the table with these modal verbs.
сап can't could must mustn't needn't 1making
Function
,
Ability (Рrеsепt, Fчturе) сап, Ье аt,lе to
с d
Ability (PaSt)
after work.
ег
lnab,ility (Pa5t)
--
!
f]
Was/Were аЬlе to
"
!
That уоuпg man may succeed in the business world.
pounds, i
!
You should set goals {оr the future. 2 You сап borrow my laptop if you like. You mustn't leave уоuг computer оп 1
ought to
Modal & Semi-modal Verbs
а
Read these sentences and match them to а function from А.
You have to promise me to try уоur best. ь James could repair computers whеп 5
couldn't, wasn't/weren't аЫе to
he was just а Ьоу.
П
!
yоu needn't look for thaL information апу mоrе.
саu5е J ]earnt
;chool.
I L"lK.i.Бrig"ii;;;i nece55ily
!
lt can't Ье easy to if you are poor.
J"";ib""",.,
!
Ыiпg up six children
Ве careful!
J
k tmpossibility
could, mау, might
Possibility
I
!
Mr Adams must finish the science project Ьу lVlonday.
эd
Whеп we want to use mustfor оЫigаtiоп in оthеr tenses, we use the tenses of the verb hаче to. Read 5.'1-5.9 oftfie Grаmmаr Rеfеrепсе on pageý 1 66-167 before уоч do tl]e ta5k5.
choose the correct answers. п's life
1 Richard 2
п9.
na tWenty
ts each
Ь
с
can
а
to talk about our ambitions in class tоmоrrоw? с Do we have Have we Ь MuSt We
3 Не
а
could
might
very Ьrаче to climb that mountain in WinLer, с must Ье сап Ье should Ье
ь
4
You
5
The рооr young
sreader
эп
use а computer whеп he was only six years old!
а
а can't -
become success{ul if you don't try hаrd. с couldn't Ь mustn't
mап оvеrсоmе mапу difficulties in his life. с mustn't а have to Ь had to 6 John worry about his future. Не is чеrу talented. с hasn't а shouldn't Ь can't 7 l Ьоrrоw уочr laptop {оr а {ew days? с MUst а Needn't Ь Мау 8 That роssiЫу Ье Betty! ShеЪ away at а сопfеrепсе. с shouldn't а mustn't Ь can't circle thе correct words.
4\
'] 2 З 4 5 5 7 8
We will must / have to Ье hеrе early tоmогrоw. What may / shouLd l do? l need your advice. Jane, you needn't / don't have to рау now. You rеаllу must / сап read that book. ltЪ great! She could / was аЫе to win the talent competition last week. Не must / shouLd Ье very ambitious to Want to become а manager. Ечеrуопе might / must lеаrп computer skills these days. Не could / needn't become famous опе day, Who knows?
,4
which of these words do you associate with ambition? put а tick оr а cross in the boxes.
'l 2 4 5
6 7 8 9
persist
give up not саге iose
hоре
achieve Ье dеtегmiпеd
]
Ье ieve Ье inspired
l
i
You wilI hear some sentences containin9 different {orms of the words below. Write the words уоu hеаr.
1 2 3 4 5
Llоsо-Uр Ве ready to hеаr different form5 of the Word5 you 5ее Written iп the statement5, Read the statement5 fiг5t and think аьоцt which words you might hеаr in different form5, апd what those forms might Ье.
infiuence be]ieve achieve
determined inspired
е 1
You will hеаr five people talking about ambitions. Fоr questions '|-5, choose from the |ist д-F how each реrsоп feels about ambition. use the letters oniy опсе. Тhеrе is опе extra letter which you do поt need to use.
1 2
Speaker
4 5
Speaker 4
Speaker
1
2
Sреаl<еr 5
L
А В С D Е F
You сап have а very hарру i{e without being ambitious, Ambit]ons аrе something опJу rich people сап have, N4y ambition is thе опlу tbing that inspires me iп mу daily ife, You' l ргоЬаЬ у just Ье disappointed because you've failed, Some amb,itions аrе pointleSS, but оthеrs аrе чеrу use{ul in life.
lf
you rеаlIу want something, you сап have it,
l I I I
l ]
"-;#ф
62
l
>ре^k|ц0) l
ф
]
ь )rm5 ,]
the
t Ье.
. . . .
Talk aboUt the advantage5 and di5advantage5 of еасh situation before makinq а deci5ion. EXpress the certainty and/or uncertainty that you feel Ьу USing appropriate langua9e.
Аrе you an ambitious person? Why?/Why not? What is уочr greatest ambition fог the future? ls success impoгtant to you? Do уоч think апу of your friends ог family mеmЬеrs аrе particularly successful?
-
Lirt.n to Peter and Maria discussing а friend cf theirs who wants to become а professional football player. Тhеir friend wants to know which of the things shown hеrе she should do to achieve hеr goal. Write Р (Peter), М (Maria) оr В (Both) to show who does these things.
of
пепts Words fогms,
Llоsо-Ир
Work with а partner and answer these questions.
D
,..
1",'nouses appropriate language? ! 2 develops аll his/her answers? ! З makes the most арргорriаtе choices for the situation? ] 4 persuades thе оthеr to agree with him/her? !
lmagine that your friend wants to Ье а zoologist (а scientist who studies animals). First, talk together about the different things that he/she should do to succeed in making his/her dream come true. Then, decide whiсh two things are the most important. Remember to чsе the Useful Expressions.
-
Listen а9аiп and underline the Useful Expressions that you hear.
Usе|иl {,хрrеss\оч; Expressing certainty Without а doubt,ld 5ау that ... |'m certain/positive that .., There'S no doubt in my mind that... Expre55in9 uncertainty ltЗ hard to 5ау, but... |'m not 5чrе. l 5Uppose (that) ... ]t'5
possible that..., but,..
{]i@Ц
Discuss these questions with а раЁпеr.
. .
о .
How impoгtant is it to hаче ambitions? How are the ambitions of чеrу young реорlе different from those of older people? How do you measure how successful sоmеопе is? Does success always bring happiness?
бз
Prepositions
А
Collocations & Expressions
Соmрlеtё the text with these words. Some of them сап Ье used mоrе than опсе.
а5 ai frоm in of on Тý,зе
В
question, cross out the option that саппоt Ье used witlthe чеrь in bold.
to
F*сеЬесэig рlхеý,tф!fi gfi
1 2 3 4
Фýп
IМапу реорlе want to Ье riсh and successful, but not mапу of thеm mапа9е to achieve it, et аlопе before their thirtieth Ьirthdау| However, l\,4ark ZuсkеrЬеrg is опе of these people,
Маrk ZuсkеrЬегg is one of the fоuпdеrs of FасеЬооk, the most рорчlаr social networking site (1) the p]anet. With close to 500 million users, the site hе staгted while studying (2) Harvard University has made him the З5th richest man (З) the world today.
С
The idea fоr FасеЬооk was quite simple. Мапу colieges and schools in the USA traditionally publish а book every year whiсh includes pictures of the students, tеасhеrs and оthеr staff, This book is known (4) the'FасеЬооk'. Zuckerberg апd his classmates computerised this and the system eventually spread (5) othet uг versiLies and schools. Six months after staгting FасеЬооk, Zuckerberg and his friends e{t university and moved to California as they were determined to make а success (6) the site, тhеiг idea trecame mоrе and more poPu ar Until it became the hugе рhепоmепоп we know today, So, if you dream (7) being rich апd famous, опе thing you сап lеаrп (8) Маrk ZuсkеrЬеrg апd his creation, FасеЬооk, is that you're never too
lп the fo|lowing exercise, two of the options given are used with еасh verb to make а collocation. Fоr еасh
into partnership / а рау rise / bankrupt а Joss / business / my best
take:
progress / а profit / the message in mind / chances / my рlасе
make:
Complete the sentences with collocations from В.
'l
lf
we don't make Sоrпе mопеу Sооп, the business will qo b,efore long-
2
Our соmрапу is not losing mопеу, but we're not making
З
lf
you want to Ье successful, you have to take from time to time. Му dad апd my uпсlе wanted to wоrk together, so thеу
Went
am not going to do after hе tried to cheat me.
last уеаr.
l
With Rоgеr agai.
|'m doing to find а job, but so fаr haven't found апуthiпg at all. l have been promoted to Head of Department апd thеу'rе ooking fоr suitаЫе candidates to take in the office. I
7 8 D
Не hasn't finished the project yet, but he has made
Match the expressions in bold with their meanings (а-е).
1 2 з 4 5 а
}
9о: do:
Freddie worked his socks off to get where he is today, Tim set his sights on becoming ап artist and hе achieved that. f-
l don't think Julie's ever goinq to set the world оп fire with hеr ideas. !
Ruth is up and соmiпg in the computer industry. Веп is ready to throw in thе towel. I l
-
show signs of being successful
ь have
а target уоU Want to achieve
с work чегу hard d
do Something that creates excitement
е
to admit defeat оr failure
Do you аgrее with these statements? Compare your answers with а раrtпеrЪ. То Ье successful you . hаче to work уочr socks off. . shou]d take chances when you сап.
. .
must make lots of mопеу.
must Want to Ье the best.
Modals perfect
А
Complete the table using these modals perfect, could
are ach }d With
have
must
have
needn't
}п
а Ь с d е в
hаче would
have
Modal Verbs can't have, couldn't have
certainty about the past. past impossibility Lack of necessity оr оЫigаtiоп iп the past
shouldn't have
Criticism of past actions
Ability and willingness about past actions that didn't hарреп
could have, may have, might hаче
Past possibility
Read these sentences and match them to а function from А.
1 2 3 4 5
go
akin9
needn't have sold my car because | got а рау rise at work.
!
John must have Ьееп at home last night. l saw his саr outside his house. Yоч сочld hаче passed the exam, but you didn't study enough. She was а talented dапсеr апd she might have become {amous if she hadnt Ьееп injured iп ап accident.
should have listened to your advice. l regret it поw.
l
iomplete the rule.
they
.':dals реrfесt аrе used to talk about the past. Тhеу are formed with а modal чеrЬ
зе carefull ',ээdп't hауе is used to talk about Something that happened
;ег again
,farl
?.ad 5.'l0-5.
they're
1
'6
D
2 rfire
nobody asked us to. l'm certain his determination helped him succeed in business. must him succeed in business. Lt'S
trip
роssiЫе she didn't go оп а business
She hе
оп а business trip.
9one
lt was а waste of time to Wоrrу ab,out уочr
саrееr. hаче You
worried
about your career,
Gеоrgе was wrong not to follow mу instructions. should George
mу
instructions. t's imроssiЫе that this mап {elt апу
Thsman_
circle the correct words.
How did he do it? lt (2) mustn't have / сап't have Ьееп easy. especially when he'd been told at school that he wouldn't get anywhere iп life! Не (З) соuld have Ьееп / сап't have Ьееп discouraged, but he wasn't.
Hi5 determination
з
iп the past but Wasn't necessary.
How (1) must hе have / could he have managed to Ьесоmе the youngest СЕО of опе of the largest Аmеriсап companies? Michael Dell's company - Dell Computer Corporation - поw еаrпs mоrе than $50 million on а daily basis! lt sells computers all over the world, You may ечеп have а Dell computer at home!
to. would
bUt
!
+ past participle,
Michael Dell
We didn't come because nobody asked us
gs (а-е).
+
п п п п п
of the Grаmmаr Reference оп pages 167-168 before you do the tasks.
Complete the second sentences so that тhеу hаче а similar meaning to the first 5entences. Use thе words in bold.
i
lday.
should
Fчпсtiоп
l. vill
have
fear have
Не was ап ачеrа9е student Who was interested in соmрчtеrs like lots of other teenagers, Не (4) must have Ьееп / can't have Ьееп а bit different, though, because опе day he Ыought а computer home and started to take it араrt. Не then rеаssеmЫеd it just to See if hе could. At university hе started building computers for his fellow students. Не dropped out of college and печеr looked back, Не managed to fUlfil his dream of making and selling computers. ln 1984, and with опlу $1,000, he started his own соmрапу. His parents (5) needn't have worried / should have worried as he went оп to become а success{ul businessman.
апу {еаr.
65
Presenting arguments in formal essays When уоu write formai essays of opinion, you should try to ехрrеss уоUr ideas in а пеutrа апd objective way. Although you сап drаw оп реrsопаl ехрегiепсе, try to avoid exa99erating, over-9eneralising and bein9 too emotiona as уоur arguments wil] Ье less believable, Yоu should also trу to avoid colloquial expressions and phrasal verbs, as we la5 contractionS.
А
Tick the Sentences that could Ье included in а formal essay.
1 2 З 4 5 6 7 8 В
Nowadays, it iS mоrе important thап ечег to succeed at schoo
Ечегуlэоdу knows it's tota] у crazy to соmраrе your abilities to others', l don't understand people who can't Ье Ьоthеrеd trying, lf
you want to get on
iп
ife, you've got to do your best.
the point in 9ettin9 upset over а silly test? lt iS important that We Set ourselves realistic targets.
After
]
At the end of the day, you are the оп у опе whо can decide
if
you аrе successful оr not,
t]
l]
Read the newspaper extract and writing task and then answer the questions below.
multi lnillionaire \villian] Sunderland. Brian had an
extlemely privileged trpЫinging and rvas educated at an excluSive plivate school. Howevel, two yeals ago, he lost his entire tыtцпе r,vl-ren his real estate business went banklupt. Nоrц in а renrarkable tцrп ofevents, he has Ьесоmе one ofthe nost successful young entrepreneurs ofthe decade. 'I сап hаrdlу believe it myself,' commented Brian оп his change offortunes.
Read the model essay and decide which sentence in
each pair best comp|etes each gap. Write а or Ь.
ls Ьеiпg rich апd famous а good measure ofsuccess? How e/se сап success Ье judged? lVrite an essay
discusslл9 уоur opinions using specific examp/es.
1 2 З
What type of text Will уоu Write? What two things will you write about?
4
Wil уоur writinq focus оп Вriап Sunderland?
How does the пеWSрарег extract relate to the writing task?
Мапу реорlе become successful easily while others must try hагd to achieve thеir 9oals, (1)
2 а Ь 3 а Ь
Our society admires those who аrе wealthy. Let's face it, we all admire stars with loads of mопеу.
One of the first things that comes to mind in апswеr to this question is fame and fortune, (2) However, if а реrsоп hаs inherited thеir wealth, thеп this is not necessarily а sign of thеir own success. we аrе successful whеп we achieve the goals that we have set fоr ourselves through our
Schoolwork's another classic examp е-
оwп hагd work.
4 а
lп my opinion, we сап oniy Ье success{ui Ьу trying hard to achieve our goals. The way see it, if you haven't tried, уоu'rе not successfu].
'l а Ь
Ь
l
L
-l
То mу mind, the mоrе ambitious people аrе, the mоrе likely they аге to achieve thеir goals.
Riches to rags to riches Ъе suп is shinirrg again on Brian Sunderland, son of
66
=. f]
а] , What'S
ТНЕ CITY TIMES
С
,
But, ask yourself, is that геаllу what success i5 about? Тhе question is, though, how сап we measure success?
Another way that people mеаsurе success is sсhооl grades,
(З) Fоr instance, Sco[eS оп tests are often usec to judge а регsоп's рrо9rеss. lп spite of this, some реор е who sсоrе well may actually have lеаrпt less than people with а lower score who do not реrfоrm wel under ехаm conditions. lп conclusion, it i5 difficu]t to set measures for 5uccess that аррlу to ечеrуопе. (4)
-
эоk again!
Э
Read thе model essay again and tick the things the writer has done.
1 2 3 4
j
focused оп rich
people
answered both questions in the
task
provided counterarguments in раrа9rарhs 2 and failed to rеасh а
conclusion
t]
З
П П П
Write the correct paragraph пцmЬеr from thе model essay next to these descriptions.
а
Ь с С
Апswеr the first question and discuss the issue.
п
Sum up and state уоur opinion. lntroduce the topic to Ье discussed making rеfеrепсе to the task,
t_]
Answer the second question Ьу suggesting another measure.
,._]
п
look at the Useful Expressions and find рhrаsеs that mеап the same as these phrases. Sometimes mоrе thап one answer is роssiЫе.
' 2 З 4 5 6 7 З
,
cess?
rеаllу want success
Ье successful succeed despite difficulties Ье as good as а реrsоп expected
develop aim to do something
not give Up рlап to Ье the best
Llоsа-U? When Writing а formal essay, don't express your opinion in the introduction. Your opinion 5hould always come in the conclusion, after you have presented уочr argUment5.ThiS help5 to shoW the rеаdеr how you have reached the conclusion and Why you have thi5 opinion.
er to уоч! Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and make а paragraph plan for your эssау. Remember to рrеsепt your argument in а neutral апd objective way.
ТНЕ CITYTIMES Teens in control
.
,..,
.,.-,лп'
How important is it for young people to hаче аmЬitiопs? lrly'rite ап essay discussing your opini'ons using specific examples. (1 20-1 80 words)
А recent survey hаs been puЫished that shows that tоdаф teenagers аrе forming the 'ambitious generation'. Мапу ofthese teenagels exPect to attend university. However, they might Ье missing оцt on what поrmаl teenagers should Ье doing. rh
ile
ls. (1)
d in
-
пе, (2)
Uэе|ul {yрrеss\оцs
vealth, eve the ugh our
rеасh а tar9et
make progress
lften used thiS,5ome I lеаrпt
do not
set а goal/target live up to опеЪ expectation5
ье ambitiou5 ье determined to ье motivated Ье per5iStent in
эs {or
overcome difficulties
67
Before you watch
А
circle the correct words.
1 2 3 4 5
Arnesen and Bancroft completed their crossing / passage of Antarctica оп skis in 2О01. The two explorers trained hard Ьеfоrе / рriоr to the beginning oftheir adventure. Their training schedule was extremely severe / demanding. The lnternet епаыеd / was atrle the two women to share their adventures with the world. Тhrоugh tough challenges you lеаrп to uпdеrgо / очеrсоmе рrоЬlеms and find suрроrt.
While you watch
в
watch the DvD and decide if these statements are true or false. write т for trче and F for false.
1 2 З 4 5 6
Мапу teams of explorers have completed thё Antarctica crossing before. Liv and Апп talk about their experiences in thеir book, The two wоmеп trained hard Ьеfоrе leaving for Antarctica. The winds wеrе very predictabIe, rеасhiпg 116 kilometres an hоur. Liv and Апп were аЫе to keep in touch with people during their adventure. The women's next goal
iS
to cross the Arctic.
п п п п t,-
l
After you watch
С
Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words. achieved adventure continent
9oat history journaI managed misfortuneS ргерагеd
unpredictabte
Liv Arnesen and Апп Bancroft had the
They dreamed of becoming the first wоmеп in history to ski across the icy (2) of Antarctica_ After а lot of preparation and hard work, ihey (3) their goal оп February 1 1, 200'l. They wrote а book about their journey across the unknown land so as to shаrе their adventure with the world. same (1)
Prior to the trip, the two trained hard, skiing down rocky roads and pulling car tyres behind them, Тhеir trаiпiпg (4) _ them to successfully make progress over the dangerous land thrоч9h (5) weather and very strong winds. Тhеу did, however, meet with some (6) Fоrtчпаtеlу, they (7) _ to очеrсоmе the hardships.
along the way as well.
During thеir adventure, through thеiг lпtегпеt (8) they communicated with many реорlе from ] 50 countries. Not опlу did they share thеiг (9) but they wеrе also аЫе to relate to other people's ехреriепсеS. lп this Way, the two Wоmеп still felt connected with реорlе around thе planet. Liv and Дпп now have а new goal; to Ье the first women in (10) to cross the Arctic ocean.
D
i
68
Discuss these questions With а раrtпёr.
. о .
How do you think Liv and Апп felt during the expedition? What adventure would you like to go on? Why? Have you sеt goals for your future? What аrе they?
:
)m "l
Rааd\лq А
Look at the hieroglyphs below and translate this message into English.
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Пл*Ft е\--q Еtr ЕtrЕ м
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eb*ii ql{b_fi
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The message:
ю-пW
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в
Do you аgrее with the message?
с
what are some theories for how Tutankhamun died? Quickly sсап the text, thеп compare your list with а partner.
King Tutonkhomun wos just пjпеtееп when hе died iп lз22 ВС. Не wos the Jost king of о poweTfuJ 1omily thot hod rч]еd
Egypt foT centurles. When hе dl-ed, Tut (os Tutonkhomun js often known todoy) wos ploced in о JuxuTious, goJd-Ij]]ed tomb. There he 1оу forgotten unti] the tomb's eventuo] discovery Ьу oTchoeo]ogjst Howoтd Согtет lп l922. AJthough muсh wos ]eoтnt obout his ]ife, two thjnqs геmоjпеd о mysteтy: the Teoson foT bis eoTJy deoth, ond the jdёntity of hjs fomj]y mеmЬетs. Becent]y, howeveT, jmpтoved Х-rсу technoJogy ond DNA onoJysis hove given new c]ues iпtо Tut's ]jfe ond deoth.
ln I968, Tut's mчmmу wos
X-Toyed in thе hоре thqt Some Jight couJd Ье shed on thе mystery of how hе died. lt wos discoveгed thot some oJ
fracture: а Ьrоkеп Ьопе Suрrеmе Council of Дпtiquit:!еsi ап оrgапi'аtiоп which is rе5роп5iЬlе for the рrоtесtiоп of Eыpt'5 trеоsurеs СТ 5соm а sPecialwoy of taking Pictures of the iп'idе of the body mаlаriа: а sеriоus disease caused Ьу the bite of а mo'quito
ultimately: frпоllу, iп the end
the Ьопеs in Tut's chest weтe mlssing, ond thot he hod о
seTiouS f],осtuге obove his ]eft
knee. As TUt WoS о tToined fighte. ond hunte1 the reseoTcheTs sсгw these thjngs os evjdence of wоr iлjuгiеs от thot he hod hufi hjmse]f in о hчпtiпg occjdent. Some thought thot the Jeg injuTy mоу hоче Jed to infection which kj]]ed him. Тhе Teseoтchels o]so discoveTed sоmеthiлg veтy iлtelestjng: theтe WeTe pieces of Ьопе insjde the sku]], cousinq mопу to Ье]iёче thot Tut hod ьееп hjt оп the heod with such fоIсе thot it hоd ki]]ed hjm. Jп 2005, fioweveT,
scientists
dispToved the muTdeT theory: члdет the directjon of zohi
Howoss, heod о1 Еgгуlсt's Suрlеmе CounciJ ol Antjquities, о Ст sсоп wos сотгiеd out. Tbjs sbowed thot the domoge to Tut'S sku]] occuTTed whеп he wos Ьеlпg mode jnto о mчmmу. HФwoss' teom o]so djscoveтed tbot Tut wos obout 1.7 metтes tol] wjth о s]im buj]d. HjS teeth weTe in
good
condltlon, ond hе oppeoTed to Ье we]] fed ond free of djseose. But i{ hе wos о heoJthy young mоп, then hоw did he die?
Looking foT опswеrs, Hqwoss
Te-exomjned thё mumrлу jn 20l0. А пеw СТ scon Teveo]ed thot Tut hod Ьееп Ьотп with о sёIjоus Joot condition thot mode
oso-uP
Choose the answer (а, Ь, с or d) which fits best according to the text.
1
Which statement about Tut is NoT true? а Не lived till the age of пiпеtееп. Ь His tomb was discovered in 1922. с New evidence about him hаs recently соmе to li9ht. d His family ruled for centuries after his death.
2
lп 'l968, it WaS discovered that а some Ьогеs in Tut's chesl were missing, ь Tut wasn't murdered. с Tut fought in mапу WаrS. d some bones in тutъ chest were fractured.
З
Remember that When уоu are aSked а question about What а Word refers to, the answer usually comes before the word in the text. Look back in the teХt and find Which Word(s) you think it refers to, then try readin9 the 5enten(e U5in9 the Word(5)to 5ее if it makes sen5e.
How mапу times has а СТ sсап Ьееп carried out on TUI'S mummy? а
с three time5 d fоur times
What was NOT first discovered iп 2005? а the damage to Tut'S SkUll
Ь с d
опсе
ь tWice
5
Tut's height
the condition of his teeth that he appeared to Ье disease-{ree
What relation WaS queen Tiye to Tut? а his daughter
ь his wife
his grandmother d his great grandmother
с
what does the wоrd whiсh in the last раrаgrарh, line 7 rеfег to? а Tut's family Ь Tut's health prot,lems с ТчtЪ marriage d our knowledge of Tut
Get the meaning!
Е
weTe
jo
build depiction direction identity
is ]eft ed fighteT
1 2
lегS
]епсе of f,d huTt
ident. )g jniuтy п
which
еrS ing veтy
:- ,jnob]e to wo]k w]thout о :-. FuTtheTmoTe, they found - ,-: evidence thot hе hod Ьееп --:ing fтom the most seveтe ,:_эf mo]oTio. Cou]d Tut,
::iелеd
lieces oJ rusjng
Ьу yeoTs of diseose, _ :linoJJy died foJJowing оп ::::оп coused Ьу the leg
hod $ such
'
sts
'- -_-эr oлoJysis led to опоthет : ].:bi]jty. Scjentists knew of - , ]:эпеt]с pTob]ems thot Tut ,-:-эd hоm: the foot condition
jm.
еоry: ,hi
е to Tut'S
wos being
,woss'
ot Tut d] With о е jn good :Ted to Ье
ýsё. But 1g mопI
owoSý
1у jп
-.veoled with о lсrt mоdё
discoveTed in 2005?
: зrоthет possib]e рrоЬJеm Toof о{ his moutb. This : ,] ihe theoTy thot Tut mсrу
-- :re
]qlritjes,
This
_*-
-
S
)ut.
Find the words in the text and use them to complete the definitions.
,
: Ьееп born with otheT moTe :.-:,:s genetic pTobJems thot -=
:,
:.
: ::moteJy hove contTibuted
. = ceoth, - :jljtion to
Tut'S
couse
::эrh, Howoss wos o]so :-.Sied jn discoveTjng the
::-,::,, of his fomlly mеmЬетs. ---:..l)ousJy, DNA onolysls оп . :-:] mummjes епоЬ]еd the '-:-jsis to fj]l in mопу поmеS .. Jomj]y tтee, bTinging .-:t infoTmotion 1ost fог : _.эпds of yeoTs. They , эl thot о mummy cq]]ed
Akhenhoten woý his fotheт,
whiJe о mummy kпоwп onJy os Тhе YoungeT Fеmоlе fTom tomb КVЗ5 wos hjs motheT. They oJso discoveгed thot
one of the mummies in tоmь KV2l wos ртоЬоЬlу hls wlfe Ankhesenomun, whi]e the two bobieS found in Tut's tomb weTe pTobobJy cbildren of thеirs. Fчrthетmотё, they WeTe оЬ]е to identify his gTondpoTents, Amenhotep lll ond the beoutjfu] queen Tiye, опd even his gтeotgrondporents, Yuyo опd Tuyo. Todcy we know much mоте obout thё boy-kjng thon eveт befole. We know who his fomily weTe, опd thqt he suffeTed fTom heoJth ртоЫеms thot wou]d hqve Ьееп polnfuJ ond uncomfoTtob]e, опе от mоrе of whiсh must hove kj]]ed him. But we o]so kлоw fгоrп depictions of the Toyol coupJe found in his tomb thot hjs ]jJe wos not о]] suffeTinq: they оте shown hФppiry jn ]ove. With the jnvestigotions jnto the ]ives of Tut ond his fofii]y, os Howoss scys, the TeseoTcheтs 'seek to hопочт them ond keep theiT mеmоrjёs o]ive',
3 4 5
infection
is а picture о{ something.
А(п)
lf someone is under your you tell bim оr her what to do. is ап illness caused Ьу bacteria or а virus and which affects а раrt of thе body. is who or what you аrе. Your
A(n)
is the shape апd size
Your your body.
of
Who did these things? Match the achievements to the паmеs.
П ! П Uranus. П Titanic.
1
Не discovered the wreck ofthe
2
Не deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics.
3
Не excavated
Troy.
4 Не discovered the planet а
неiпriсh schliemann
ь william Herschel
с Robert Ballard d Jean-Francois Champollion
Yочr teacher will tell you the answers. Which о{ these achievements do you think is the most amazing? Discuss with your partner. 71
А
Replace the words in bold with these words. battLe
] 2 З 4 5
в
ten
уеаrS
the past
lt took mоrе thап а decade for the gочеrпmепt to pass tbe law on hчmап rights.
The old document was tогп and stained, but luckily you could still rеаd it. After many months of {ighting, the soJdiers managed to liberate the village, Му histol-y tеасhеr says that аrоuпd ten thousand реорlе died during the fight оп D-Day during wогld wаr ll. Тhе city was wel] known in ancient times for its mапу temples and monuments.
circle the correct апswеrs.
1 2 з 4 5 6
С
frее рареr
The Russian deplction / revolution iп '19'17 left hundreds о{ реорlе dead, injured оr homeless. Тhе concept / р ot to blow uр the Houses of par]iament failed and Guy Fawkes was hanged fоr his crimes. Students о{ history must Ье objective / subjective when doing rеsеаrсh and Writing рареrS.
sherlock Holmes is поt а histor]ca / historic detective, hе is а fictional сhаrасtеr. Не wants to write а(п) аutоlэiоgгарhу / Ьiоgrарhу of Nelson Мапdеlа. ls this real у ап authentic / aгtificial sculpture of lVichelangelo's?
Complete the text with these words.
a9eS back9round daWn enlightened ехреrt hiStoгians
ittustrationS
Апоthеr tai
At times sarcastic and ironic, and as some critics claim, at times (7) , Stewart's wоrk is both епtеrtаiпiпg and in{ormative, Full of colourful (8) maps and diagrams, the book is а must-rеаd fоr апуопе with а sense of humоur and а thirst fоr knowledge.
D
72
Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а partner's,
. .'
Ву studying historical events, we сап lеаrп from the mistakes made in the past, Almost еvеrу 5ubject and field of study, like аrts, food, ро itics and religion, i5 inked to various а9е5 of history. Some countries describe thеiг history in а Subjective Way,
Past Perfect Simple & Past Perfect Сопtiпчочs
А
Past perfect tenýes are used for actions that happened before another action iп the past or before а сеrtаiп time iп the past. Look at the sentences апd underline the past perfect tenses. Then answer the
questions beloW.
а Ь 1 2
We had already discussed the Seven Wonders of the World before we wеrе asked to write about them. Howard Саrtеr had been searching for the tomb о{ Tutankhamun for years when he found ir iп 1922. Which sentence shows us that ап action which Ьеgап Ьеfоrе another action in the past continued оr hаррепеd repeatedly up to that time? ! Which past perfect tense is used to show this?
Зоmрlеtе the rules.
to show that опе action happened Ье{оrе another action in the past. to show that ап action was in progress in the past before апоthеr
чsе the Past Perfect ".е use the PaSt Perfect ",е ::-iion happened or interrupted it.
1ead 6.1-6.2 of the Grammar Rеfеrелсе оп ра9е 168 before you do tbe taýks.
]
complete the sentences with the past perfect simple or the past perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1 2 З
(рчЫish) his third book on апсiепt antiquities, hе won а
After the historian writing award.
(not identify) the cause of death of the man before the
Тhе scientist results саmе in.
(рrераrе) for the excavation for months before they
The archaeologists wеrе ready to blegin.
(they / discover) the lceman Ьу 'l995?
4
(work) at а museum for twenty years when he rеtiгеd in 2005.
uncle
5
l\4y
6
They
looking at thе evidence when the case was cancelled, (you / analyse) the documents fоr long when you realised they weren't (,iust 5tагt)
7
3 1
authentic? (study) ancient Greek, so she was аЫе to read the inscriptions оп
Му mum the statues whеп she saw them.
complete the text With the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect continuous of these verbs.
bury
саrry
out excavate see
Spend
тhё entrance to ап ancient
Greek Масеdопiап royal tomb
Manolis Andronikos '.1anolis Апdrопikоs, the well-known archaeologist, was Ьоrп in 19'] 9 in Bursa,
-_rrkеу, and later he апd his family moved to Thessaloniki, Grеесе. Before hе
time
эесаmе interested in аrсhаеоlоgу, he (1) s:.ldying philosophy.
archaeological research in various эагtS of Grеесе {or а lопg time be{ore he started bis mаiп research iп Vergina. Не r,asn't the first to Show interest in the area as aгchaeologists з) there since the 19th century.
-'ldronikos
^
(2)
1977, Andronikos made опе of the most imрогtапt archaeological discoveries of
:^е 20th century. Не discovered а burial site whеrе ancient Macedonians 4) King Philip ll, the father of Аlехапdеr the
з.еаt. The tomb hadn't Ьееп opened before and contained mапу valuat,le items :.lсh as the Golden Lаrпах. оrу.
DNA
.lсе thеп it hаs been questioned whether in fact it was Kin9 Philip ll's tomb оr поt. ',evertheless, Andronikos епаЬlеd the wогld to see some spectacular antiquities of
S
=.cient Grеесе that поЬоdу (5)
Ье{о re.
А
'Listen to these numbers апd write them down using numerals. lnclude letters where necessary (eg 4.10 am). (
1
2
з 4 5 6 7 8
в
When doing tasks like the one iп С in the next column, you can sometimes predict the focus of а question Ьу examining the answers given. Look at the sets о{ answers 1-5 below and match them to the questions а-ё.
1а
а scientist
с
а героrtеr
2а
in 200 ВС
ь
а
visitor
с i
You will hear а radio рrеsепtеr interviewing someone at а tourist attraction. you will hеаr thе interview in three parts. After еасh part уоu will hеаr some questions about that part. Choose the correct answers, а, Ь or с.
ь in 48 AD с
1п
3а
1428
Part
in Britain iп Rome
ь
Ь
in Egypt
с
4а
to scare them ь to steal mопеу from them с to help them to leave
5а
smoke from а volcano
ь rocks and stones
boiling hоt liquid
с
а Ь с d е
4зАD
200 AD 410 AD fоr опе уеаr
ь fоr one mопth с
fог опе week
Part ll
What ,..? Where ,..?
Whеп...? Whо ..,?
t] п
Тhе question5 for each section ofthe recording are separated Ьу lines, so опlу look at tho5e qUestion5 а5 уоU listen to each section.
t
с 2а ь с
а visitor
thе museum mапа9еr an archaeologist
Why ,,.?
Llоsо-Uр
74
l
1а
4 а Ь с 5 а Ь с 6 а Ь с
ltaly Britain Romania They were taken Ьу surprise. They were аЫе to escape. They didn't think there was апу danger. fоr аlэочt 79 уеаrs fог about 1,599 уеаrs fог аlэоut 1,500 уеаrs
Part lll
7 а Ь с 8 а Ь с
the reai objects from Pompeii the photographs of the site the models and street scene5 to go to the theatre to have holidays to go shopping
t
,Ре :
аklчlц
Work with а partner and answer these questions. Do you study history at school? What historical events оr periods have you lеаrпt about?
Do you рrеfег history to subjects like maths and English? Why?/Why not? What do уоU think i5 the most important event in the history of уоUr country?
Look at these ways of learning about history. Put them iп order of how effective they аrе (1 = most effective; 7 = least effective). Тhеп, discuss your answers with а partne1 giving reasons for your choices.
l
lb#^, fr'lпg
ear the оч will
1 2 З 4 5 5 7
ТV surfing thе lnternet going to liЫаriеs going to the theatre
t] _ П :] visiting mопumепtS Г visiting musеums П talking to older people
watching
]
Llоsо-Uр Don't Ье afraid to expreSs your opinion. You don't have to aqree With уоur partner on everything and disa9reeing
With еасh other respectful!y сап make уоUr discussion more interesting.
magine that а school committee Wants to get students more interested iп history. First, talk together эьо-чt the different ways that students could lеаrп history in а mоrе interesting way. Тhеп, decide which :wo options the committёe should choose. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
Iose the
Иэе|ul {,урrоss\оцs Expressing an opinion
We!l, in my opinion ... lt seems to me that ...
;:uss these questions with а раrtпёr. ,',ly do people like history?
,',,lat peгiods of history would you like to go back апd iive in? - э you think schools should teach history? Why?/Why not? -эп you паmе апу films that have Ьееп set iп the past? Do you like this kind ot film?
Реr5опаllу speaking, l think/prefer ... l feel Strongly that ... А5 l See it, ... l certainly don't think that ...
,] l_,. l,,,',. phrasal verbs ,
А
word formation
Маtсh thе phrasal verbs to their meanings.
1 setoff t] 2 setup ] 3 take over 4 dig up l] 5 putott L] 6 clie out
D
Complete thе tаЫе.
theorise
]
а
Nочп
Verb
Ьесоmе extinct оr disappear
theoretica] analysis
analytical
repetition
repetitive
prove
proven
conclude
conclusive
satisfy
ь rеmоче something frоm the ground that was
Ad.jective
satisfaction
buried
с prepare equipment fог usе d Ье9iп to have сопtrоl of оr responsibility fоr Somethinq е
start а journey
Complete the sentences with words frоm D.
1
2
f discouraqe
в
Е
з
Complete the sentences With the phrasal verbs frоm А.
4
5оmе scientists Say that the human rасе will if а comet hits the
Не опlу has а(п) knowledge of аrсhаеоlоgу. He's печеr actually Ьееп to an
mапа9еr quits.
Did
the
they
this ancient
Grееk pot in your grandad's field?
choose the correct апswеrs. you hold onto something, you keep somethinq inlosition you keep something
lf
а Ь
l{ an archaeological find dates back to а раrtiсulаг time,
а ь 3
4 76
something
Тhе technicians соmрUtеr5 at the excavation 5ite.
Тhе mапу difficultie5 the archaeologist faced him the project.
2
to
unless уоu nave plenty о'evidence, l had а iot о{ questions but the scientist's апswеrs weren'i
on оur tour аrоuпd the Acropolis еаrlу оп Saturday mоrпiпg.
1
think we shou d the tests on the mummy because а mistake was made during the first ones The rеsеаrсhеrs took fочr weeks to rеасh а(п) l
Sonrebody else w'll have to the museum after tbe
we
с
about how thе
Тhеrе is по that а king was buried in this tomb. we have to do mоrе work at the excavation sitc А rеsеаrсhеr must have good ski]ls,
lt's always difficult
еа rth.
3
lVr Richards has а(п) Pyramids were built.
it was bought then
it has existed since then
When sоmеопе passes down а story оr tradition, they а teach it to ап older gепеrаtiоп Ь teach it to а уоuпgеr gепеrаtiоп lf
yol put forward an idea, you
а Ь
suggest it so people сап discuss it think about it yourself
аrсhаеоlоgiса site.
Do you agree with these statements? Соmраrе your answers with а partner's.
.
Historians often theorise about histоrу, but they rаrе у have апу proof. Learning dates and names of реорlе whеп studying history, results iп putting students off this subject, lt'S sometimes ОК to hold onto апсiепt things that уоu find and not tell anybody about them.
Эчеstiоп Tags
А
Read the sentences апd underline all the verbs. What do you notice? You have visited the Louvre Museum, haven't you? Mum didn't епjоу working on thе excavation site, did She?
iiче
Эоmрlеtе the rules. l-estions tags аrе short questions that we add at the
Lical
::1tence and
a(n)
of а sentence. We use а(п) question ta9 With ап affirmative question tag
:h а negative Sentence.
,
эrопочпý
В
а Ь с
эw the
That history book is miпе. Everybody wanted to go оп the guided tour of Pompeii. Не taught himself to read hieroglyphics.
Зomplete the rules.
lried iп
,э use
tion site. _
Match the sentences with the kind of pronoun they contain.
skills,
the rst опе5.
ing
lf
lndefinite рrопочп Possessive pronoun Reflexive рrопочп
п п п
рrопочпs to show who or what something belongs to. We use pronouns when the subject and the object of the чеrЬ аrе the same. We use pronouns to rеfеr to people оr things Without Saying exactly who or what they are.
Зе care{ul! -
Weren't
1 2 3
-еrе are some чегЬs that аrе often used with а reflexive pronoun. Some of these аrе: amuse, Ьlаmе, cut, епjоу, express, о, hurt, introduce, prepare, =
Э
]
ead 6.З-6,6 of the Grаmmаr Rеlеrепсе оп ра9е5 168-169 belore you do tf,e tasks,
complete the sentences with а question tag. 1
Dad finds watching history documentaries interesting,
2
This investigation Was а
з
The guided tour won't Ье held tоmоггоw,
your
4
You'Ve viSited Stonehenge,
аrеlу
6
r9
8
Everybody enjoyed visiting the catacombs.
9
Let'S continue investigating the Site iп the аftеrпооп,
success,
?
|'m in trочЫе.
lt you
Susan and Jоhп were 9oin9 to visit the ArchaeoIo9ical Museum, 7 Тhе rescuers haven't managed to find the skier,
,0 Don't forget about the history test, circle the correct words.
] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
The detective чпсочеrеd the sесгеt Ьу itself / himself. Сап апуопе / nothing tell me whеп Alexander the Great was Ьоrп?
Michael loves reading mysteries. This book must Ье his / miпе. l'm sorry. Тhеrе was anything / nothing l could do, The cat couldn't have dопе so much damage Ьу yourself / itself, I\4y
grапdрагепts don't оwп any StatUeS, ThiS can't Ье hiS / theirs.
We managed to read the inscriptions Ьу ourselves / themselves. ltЪ а beautiful day. l'd love to go поwhеrе / sоmеwhеrе. Апуопе / Nobody сап do that kind of workl lt's easy! Are you sure уоu don't want nothing / anything from the museum book shор?
77
W
rifiи11
Using qualifiers You сап make уоur writing mоrе appealing to the reader Ьу using qualifiers. These аrе words and phrases that make adjecives and adverbs strопgеr оr weaker, Most adjectives аrе grаdаЫе. This mеапs that they have comparative and superlative forms. We use qualifiers to show how strолg оr weak the ad,jective is. Fоr ехаmрlе, а baextremely апgry, rаthеr/чеrу ti rеd, slightly/completely disappointed. Some adjectives are поп-grаdаЫе, оr extreme. Тhеу do not hаче comparative оr superlative forms. We usually use extreme qualifiers with them. Fоr example, absolutely auiul, totally impossibie, utterly r i di cu l ous, Тhеrе аrе some qualifiers that сап Ье used with both gradable and поп-grаdаЬlе adjectives. Fоr ехаmрlе. pretty weaИexhausted, rе al
ly goo d/ f re ezi
п
g, quitе
i
m р о rtа nt/exceptional.
А choose the correct апswеrs. 1 Tnis book is mysterious, Ь епtirеlу а utterly 2 lt's absolutely that the detective Ь bad а аиrful Очr history test Was impossible. а very Ь totally These obl'ects аrе old. а utterly Ь really These antiques are
а
quite
-Ь
exceptional. а bit
в с
rather
Was sacked.
Read this extract from а letter уоч recently roceived from your aunt. Underline the key words and phrases in the task. What mцst you write about? What do you think the tone of the letter
с
disappointing
с
а bit
in third Уеаr Y^,,. mum tells me you're
с
totally
"i].hool i"rо"Йj
с
slightly
shочld Ье?
about it.
wrttе а lelter to your аuпt answering hеr question,
с
no*, Has anythin9 excltlng ..'i"" l{ so, wriie and Lell me
(1 20-'1
80 words)
Read the model letter and circle the correct words. Dear Аuпt Rachel,
How are уоu? l ve got sоmе (1) lttter],v / reallr amazing news foT yotr. Today has been а (2) completely day, We opened а time capsule at schooll
/
pгetty exciting
When oul histoIy teacheT asked us to dig up the yaTd, we were all (3) stightly / absoltrte11, confused. But soon the capsule was uncovered. It hаd Ьееп buried а huпdrеd years Ьеfоге Ьу school stlrdents. It was dirty оп the outside аftеr al1 those yeals in the ground, but the contents WeIe (4) quite / а littlc fascinating. l was опе of the (5) absolLrtely / really lucky ones wbo орепеd the capsule. lt contained а (6) rathel / coll1pleteiy strange school uniform, which the students would wear every day. Тhеrе wеrе some old books and tiny ЫасkЬоаrds whiсh thе stuaents wrote оп because they didnt have notebooks then. What made the biggest impIession оп mе, though, was а long Stick. oul teacher told us it was used to punish naughty studentý, Тhаt muýt hаче Ьееп (7) чеrч / ;rbsolutcly awful Гоr the poor ýtudents! дп}.wау, it was intelesting to see what life was like in the past. Мауье our class should mаkе а capsule like that.
Вуе fоr поw,
Наппаh
78
-ook again
)
!
Read thе model letter again and answer the questions.
1 2 З 4 5
На5 the writer орепеd and closed the letter рrореrlу?
How else could shе have opened and closed it? What exciting event does she descгibe? What impressed the writer the most? How has the writer tried to make hеr writing more interesting?
i complete
the рlап for the model letter with these phrases. contents of the са psute somethin g for the futu ге the background
Paragraph
:
tses in
out? э
letter
)аr Е
lll me
Э i
З
the exciting event.
Describe
Paragraph 3
Describe the
Раrаgrарh 4
lVIake а 9епеrаl comment оп the capsu|e and suggest
Look at the Useful Expressions and match the beginnings and endings.
П П ] l соuldп't brelieve my eyes when l [] You сап imagine bow thrilling lfound thetwo sisters'story L]
interested Тhе highlight so fаr Let mе tell you about
What really
ver to you
а Ь с d е f
l
opened чр the tгеаsurе chest.
visiting the Rоuпd ТаЫе was.
totally increditrle. me was the documentary about Joan of Аrс. the time capsule we're рrераriпg at school. hаs Ьееп interviewing survivors ofthe wаr.
!
Read the writing task below and make а раrаgrарh plan for уоцr letter. RеmеmЬеr to use qualifiers with your adjectives and adverbs to make your letter more appealing. rhis
hеr
Why you аrе Writing
Ask about the reader and say
Раrаgrарh 2
1 2 З 4 5 6
J
1
to
i5 ал
extract frо m а letter уоu rесепtlу received from your uпсlе.
Your mum tells mе your class is doin9 а rеаllу excitin9 history project this term. what exactly are you doing? l сап't wait to hеаr аll about it, ;Vrite а /etter to уо ur uпсlе апswеriпg his question. (']20-180 words)
'.уГ
Llоsо-Ир Before уоч start Writing, remember to Underline the key Words in the ta5k and to ask уоuгsеIf question5 about What you have to Write. Тhеп, brainstorm idea5 aboUt the kind of project you coUId Write about and make notes. Decjde Which ofyour idea5 is the best and u5е уоur notes to рlап and then Write уоur letter
strle se
lge 1е l
ul
Usе|ul {xpress\oyl; Relating exciting news
Let me tell you about ... |'че got some really amazing/exciting news for you. The moSt interestin9 part/highlight so far has Ьееп .., What really interested/made an impression оп me wa5 ,,. l found .,. totally Unbelievable/incredible. YoU сап ima9ine hoW thrilling/fascinating it WaS/has Ьееп. Yоu should have seen his/her face whеп ... lcouldn't believe my eyes whеп ... l hadn't realised .., could Ье so interesting.
Before you watch
А
How much do you know about the Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding area? Look at the statements below and write Т for true or F for false.
1
2 З 4 5 6
The Great Pyramid of Giza is also known as the Pyramid of Cheops. The Great Pyramid was the tal]est mап-mаdе structure in the world for over З,8О0 уеаrs. Giza is the second largest city in Egypt. The Great Pyramid consists of about 5 million limestone Ыосks. Тhе famous valley where most о{ the Egyptian pyramids аrе found is called the 'Valley of the Queens'. Whеп they were first built, the pyramids at Giza were white.
п п п п п п
While you watch
В
Watch the DvD and circle the words you hear.
1 2 З 4 5 6
Zahi Hawass is leader of the аrсhаеоlоgiсаl team rеsропsiЫе for maintaining the Giza Pyramids / site. EgyptianS are proud of these priceless / timeless monuments. The Giza Project is finding and protecting а пumЬеr of ancient objects / artifacts. One day, places / sites iike this опе will bte ореп to tourists. Even аftеr сепtuгiеs / уеаrs of discovering amazing monuments in Giza.theteam are still making new discoveгies, The kings of Egypt are saying thank you to today's Pyramid protectors / guardians.
After you watch
С
Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words. ассогdiпg
to
compete officia[S peaceful protect stгчсtчгеS task threat wise wопdегs
Giza is the home of the Pyramids. Tourists соmе from all over the world to visit these amazing (1) However, there iS great сопсеrп about the futuге of these ancient monuments. Archaeoloqist Zahi Hawass is very wоrriеd. (2) him, а tеrriЫе thing is hаррепiпg in Giza. Near the pyramids thеrе аrе came]s and horses ечеrуwhеrе. Merchants (3) to sell souvenirs to touгists. Не believes that чпdеr these conditions itЪ difficult {or visitors to feel how ma9ical the Pyramids rеаllу аrе. Не intends to (4) the Pyramids from the physical damage caused Ьу tourism. Giza is hоmе to the опlу опе of the Seven (5) of the Ancient World that Stijl existS - the Great Pyramid. However. it's also hоmе to more than four million people. This is another (6) to the site of the Pyramids trecause mоrе and more houses are being built аrоuпd it. Gочеrпmепt (7) can't do anything аЬочt the existing bousing, but thеу'rе hoping something else Will Stop the city getting closer. Тhе construction of а wall around the Site has Ье9чп to protect the Sphinx and the -. \ j. Pyramids. lt was designed to сопtrоl the пumЬеr of реорlе entering the site and to keep the аrеа mоrе (8) lt wil] also keep out souvenir sellers and animals. As Hawass says, this is а very (9) development that will safeguard the Pyramids for {uture generations. lf thе important (10) of building the wall is not , .ý complete 5ооп, the magic of the Pyramids may Ье gone iп а huпdrеd уеаrs.
D
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. . .
Which апсiепt monuments in your country пееd to Ье protected? How сап this Ье done? Do уоu think it iS important to know about апсiепt civilisations? Why?/Why поt? Do you think itЪ important that archaeologiStS keep trying to discover antiquities? Why?Лr'r'hy not?
tэýч,d.
]t,
Units 5 & 6
,'ооаVиlаrц А , :
circle the correct words-
: re people's ambition is to invent amazing пеw gadgets ог 9о to places that no опе has ечеr been :jсге. Some want to make (1) а profit / their best in business and become wealthy, There аrе others still, , who аrе simply (2) stubborn / determined to succeed in living а поrmаl life despite the difficulties ""ечеr, -,.,; have faced, Debbie Grosch-Squance is one of these реорlе.
2Э06, Debbie suffered from а chest (З) infection / depiction which caused another more serious condition
,::эчsе of а virus. Doctors were {orced to remove most of hеr right leg to save hеr life. Despite this, Debtrie ;'-sed to (4) set the worLd оп {ire / throw in the towel. She had always been а keen runne1 and she decided ' :: she was going to ruп again. An (5) authentic / artificial leg was made for her, and Debbie spent а lопg
-э
patiently practising until she could walk, and thеп гuп, оп her new leg, Today, she is not опlу back at :-<, but she also ruпs rеgulаrlу and ечеп takes рагt iп ruппiпg competitioл5. Неr (6) {аilurе / accomplishment 1- nspiration to all who know her,
j
complete the sentences with the correct words. аrrоgапt devoted inaccurate реrfесt 1
НеЪ а successful lаwуеr, but he isn't а pleasant person. НеЪ чеrу
2
NоЬоdуЪ
,
you know| We аll have оur faults,
з тhе writer's historical novel is full о{ 4
г
не won't succeed because hеъ not hotd
5 6 7
onto
put
off
Set
up
the соmрапу?
Don't
applying fог that jоЫ
уоur Ыоthеr
Не may have а сl,апсе о{ geTting it. Сап you help me to
as frоm of 10
,1
to his саrееr.
take очеr
When the fаthеr dies, will the daughter
Why didn't you
9
facts and dates,
the video саmеrа, please? the old document? l'm sure it was чаiчаые.
оп
The З.2 million-year-old Austraiopithecus ske eton found iп Ethiopia is known
ldream yоu can lеагп а lot
,2 lfeel
Iike thе luckiest mап
becoming an archaeologist. реорlе like Mark Zuckerberg. the planet.
Тhе words in bold аrе thе wrong part of speech. Correct them. ,hе
,е ?
done?
] 2 3 4 5 6
We haven't got conclusion evidence for the existence of Atlantis. Can you proof уочr iппосепсе? Most реорlе get а lot of satisfy out о{ achieving goals. lVany,jobs аrе quite repetition, unfortunately, Whу don't you analysis the situation before you give up? Do you have а theoretical about the finds?
Lucy,
Units 5 & 6
А
Complete the sentences with these words. Ье аЬ[е 1
Jane
2
Yоu
з Тhаt 4
to can't could
have might mustn't needn't shou[d
take the ехаm again. She got ап Al сhеаt iп exams.
coin
l{
you аrе caught, you will Ье punished.
Ье frоm ancient times. ltЪ dated 1988l hаче an ambition or а ooal_
ЕчеrуЬоdу
5
уоч
6 You 7
don't
achieve уочr goals last year? to Ье wealthy to Ье successful.
They
rеасh their sales targets. l'm not Sчrе.
you pass the tools, please?
В
Tick the sentences which are correct and correct the wrong опе5 in your notebook.
1 2 3 4 5 6
ago. П t] Не may arгived yesterday evening. l don't know. t] Shоuld l have listen to what the teacher said? t] l would have helped you study, but you didn't ask me. J You mustn't have hеаrd the explosion, lt was so loud! a
Yоu сап have sееп Einstein last уеаr. Не died уеаrs Yоu could have dопе well if you'd tried.
с circle the correct words. 1 No опе had seen / seeing inside the tomb for З,000 years. 2 l had Ьееп thin
Match.
] 2 з 4 5 6 7 8
Е
\
Тhеу агеп't enjoying ls that historian а friend
of
This book isn't John's, but that опе
i5
Have you ечеr done Не doesn't Want to do The mар is Jane's and the tools are also Have you seen my glasses
:] t_
t] п п
Тhе question tags in bold are wrопg. Correct them.
1 2 3 4 5 6 а2
п п ]
The boss печеr books flights for
She isn't а very ambitious wоmап, hasn't she? Тhеу really believe in their dream, had they? Кеllу has Ьееп to Egypt, is she? They hadn't Ьееп careful, don't they? Wе'ге going to win, shall we? Let's try hаrdеr, aren't we?
а Ь с d е f g h
yours? his.
himself. themselves. nothing аll day lопg? anything. anywhere? hers.
his text book.
Reading: article, multiple mаtсhiпg VосаЬчlаrу: паtчrаI disaster-related words, collocations & expressions, prepositions gerunds & infinitives, make & let, соmраrisоп of adiectives & adverbs, too, Grаmmаr: епоugh, 5о & such Listening: note-taking Speaking: talking about the паtчrаl world, comparing photographs, asking for clarification Writing: stоrи sеqчепсiпg events
А
which of the {ollowing natural disasters оссчr in your country? Can you describe what happens? wi dfires
floods
,
tornadoes volcanic егuрtiопs
classify: to divide things into grоцрs оссогdiпg to their tyPe deroil: to make а train соmе off the rаilwау tracks mоltеп: describes rосk thqt hо5 melted
В
Read thе text quickly. Which paragraph gives
information about а record?
Ьесаusе of gгеqt heot
pyroclastic: mоltеп rock frаgmепts апd gases that mоче rapidly down the side' of а volcano
"4_
lt's rоiпiпg frogs!
The fostest wind speed ever rесоrdеd 5l on hоUr оссUrгеd dUring о tоrпоdо in the
-
] km
USA iп l999 Scientists с оSSifч tornodoes Ьч the domoge thеч соп do, А tornodo With Wind Speeds of l l О
i!
Floming twisters
As if tогпоdоеs оrеп't dongerous enough, one kind ]s mode of fire! Wlldfires оrе So роWегfUl thot
thеч соп creote theiI own Weother. As these fires Ьurп, thеч сопSurпе huge quontities of охч9еп. The intense heot couses the оir to rjsе, when fresh оiг гUshеs in to repioce it, Stгопg Winds оrе ргоduсеd Somet mes thiS mol
disosters, lп J92З inJopon, ofireWhirl killed ЗВ,ООО р"6р|е щбо hod gotheteo in о^ ороSpoce to escope being injUred in оп eorthquol
З
Llоэо-Uу
Read thе article again to find the followin9 information.
Fоr multiple-matchin9 task5, don't
Which раrа9rарh(s) mention :hе destruction of рrореrtу? how tall а паturаl disaster сап Ье? Somethin9 that iS made in cold conditions? а
well-known historic event?
eХpect the questions to use the 5аmе Wording aS the text. Look in
1] 2п
з|l
the text for Sупопуm5 of key Words in the question. For ехаmрlе, to ап5Wеr qUestion 1,1ook for words and phrases in the text that mean the same aS destructioл апd property.
4L] 5
the пчmЬеr of people who died in а
specific event? а natural disaster that resulted in а Ьizаrrе
бп
эчепt?
8П
something which happens more frequently п сеrtаiп seasons?
9п
7_]
э naturaI disaster that doesn't la5t чеrу lопg?
10
ratural disasters that сап move heavy cbjects?
11п 12п
__.]
Get the meaning!
D
Complete the definitions with these words. ava[anche blizzaгd flash thчпdегstоrm tоrпаdо
1
А(п)
2
А(п)
3
A(n)
4
, :
ll
km
е
:s Ьg
llnd ч
)ir oS SpeedS ver to ond hot'S
ve thot эS,
еq do, r ide, ove in еп d
ing
:о
g frogs ]nt
Dodge bolls Jt l,ООО чеоrS о9о, hundreds of people
-:teriousltJ l
-
rhot iе fireS Igen, The resh оir гоdцсеd. tогпоdо,
m
ing, linUtes, d
]
is а sечеге snow storm
with strопо winds. is heavy rain
accompanied Ьу thunder and lightnin9. is а large amount of water That suddenly сочеrs an аrеа,
А(п)
is а lаrgе amount о{ ice, snow and rock falling quickly down the side of а mountain.
А(п)
о{ the natural disasters described iп the readin9 text would Ье the most frightening?
which
How do реорlе and the government гёsропd to natural disasters in your country?
Gos ottock!
.
о чоlсqпо соп рrоduсе Somethin9
.1 deodlier: о рgrос ostic flow, _^h iS о cloud of gos ond rock thot
- rеосh temperotures obove 5ОО"С.
)пе l
l5
is а violent storm with strong winds that move in а сiгсlе.
-aп о чоlсопо erupts, о glowing Seo len lovo otIen llowý down ils ].S, dеStrочiпg ечегчthiпg in its poth
: fLow croshes down the side of
l
5 Were
ftood
оrе, not
lotUrol
эреп quol
о
]опо lil
: - kгп оп hour, А рчгосlоstiс flow wi]l ::l< down, destrog, burg оr соrrq
,lg пеоrlg everчthing it meets. lt
:- destroц buildings, foгests ond 1lond, PeopIe Who оrе cought in
: poth оrе оЬчiоuSlч оmоп9 the -]гпS
too, but еVеп people thot
: с ose Ьg соп die os the result of :]thing in hot osh ond goses, lt
-] thiS kind of floW thot fоmоUSlч :rочеd the Rоmоп cities of ^]peiiond Неrсu lопеUm dUring the -ct оп of MoUnt Vesuvius пеоrlq ,: thousond чеоrS ogo,
.
*, .**lrr**,d
! ооаVиlаrц А
Label the pictures with these words.
drought earthquake famine hUrriсапе [ands[ide tidat Wave
в
choose the correct answers.
1
Ь
2 З
С
Fault lines аrе to Ыаmе fоr
The еуе of the hurricane is а its сепtrе
а Ь
its peak
wildfires earthquakes
Тhе Richter scale mеаsurеs а the intensity of ап earthquake Ь the height о{ а tidal wave
The magnitude о{ something а iS its great Size
HaiI stones аrе
you аrе feeling aftershocks, you have just suгvived а а hurricane Ь а strong earthquake
а ь
ь
is its width
lf
small balls of lava small balls of ice
Complete the sentences with these words. caSualtieS crust havoc organiSations rапgеrs wагпiпg
1 2 з 5
6 D
86
аftеr the tоrпаdо was quite low.
Surprisingly, thе пumtrег of
and wreck lives.
Natural disasters рlау Forest
аrе constantly on guard for the first sign of а wildfire, like the Red Cross аrе usually the first on the 5сепе after а disaster.
Earthquakes are а result of the movement of 'plates' in thе earth's Fоrtuпаtеlу. the authorities issued
а(п)
abouttheflood, so реорlе wеrе evacuated
in time.
Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а раrtпеrЪ.
. .
Аll countries where earthquakes often hарреп should make t,uildings resistant to earthquakes. Natural disasters can't Ье avoided and there is nothing that реорlе сап do to рrераrе themselves in advance.
Gerunds & lnfinitives
А
Gerund or lnfinitive?
Read the sentences below and decide whether the words in bold are gerunds, bare infinitives or full infinitives. Тhеп, answer the questions below.
С
Volunteers wеrе vеry happy to сlеап up the beach.
Collecting fossils has Ьееп his hоЬЬу for years.
А hurricane is sometimes strong enough to Ыоw down houses. She must do а seminar оп language teaching.
Some verbs can Ье followed Ьу а gerund or ап infinitive with по сhапgе iп meaning. Other verbs сап also Ье followed Ьу а gerund or an infinitive, but there is а сhапgе in mеапiпg. Read each pair of sentences and чпdеrliпе thе infinitives and the gerunds. Тhеп, answer the
question below.
The local government raised mопеу to hеlр the environment. The flood victims described the tornado as being very scary
а
Ь
Do we use а gerund, а full infinitive or а Ьаrе infinitive
1 2 з 4 5 6
а Ь
after а preposition? after сеrtаiп ad,jecives?
The wildfire continued to burn fоr days. The wildfire continued burning for days. Jenny remembered locking the door. Jenny remembered to lockthe dооr.
ln which pair of sentences does the meaning change?
!
after а modalverb? after the words too and enough? as the subject of а sentence?
Make & Let
to show purpose?
D
We can also use gerunds and infinitives after certain verbs and phrases. Complete these sепtёпсёs with а gerund, а fulI in{initive or а bare infinitive.
1
we had better
2
Му dad suggested
1 2 3
We were made to stay inside all day. Мum made us stay inside аll day. Мчm won't let us go out in the rаiп.
(Ье) careful whеп using
this machine. the nature
(visit)
rеsеrче.
lwould rаthеr
Read the se]rtences and underline the
infinitives. ..
(go out) than stay in
tonight. We аrrапgеd Мочпt Olympus.
(climb) to the top of
ltъ not worth
(explore) that cave. ltЪ
Complete the rules.
The verb rnake (: force) is followed Ьу а infinitive in the acive voice and а _ infinitive iп the passive voice. The чеrЬ Ie1(: 6//9ц7) is опlу used iп the active voice. lt is followed Ьу а _ infinitive. Read 7 .1 -7 .5 of the Gramrnar Rеfеrелсе оп pages 169-17О before уоч do the ta5k5.
too risky.
Е
complete thе sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 2
You can't hеlр
You risk
(worry) about the environment these days. (get) wet if you don't tаkё ап umbrella with you.
з тhе residents were made 4
Не denied
5
lt's too warm
6 Тhе rescue team had to stop
F
(leave) the town after the earthquake. (Ье) scared of thunder and lightning. (SnoW)
today. (rest) after working for so mапу hours.
Circle the correct words.
Тhе disappearing island
in
time.
-ап you imagine (1} to ]ive / living оп ап island that might (2) to disappear / disappear underwater iп the пеаr fчtчrе? ,','ell, the iпhаЬitапъ of Tuvalu don't need to imagine this. ltЪ а reaIity and thеу will probably Ье made (З) leave / to leave :eir island soon. Тhе rеаsоп for this is global warrTring. This is expeced (4) to Ыiпg / Ыiпgiпg further :.anges to climates all over the world and cause 5еа levels (5) rise / to гisе. -зчаlu, situated in the Pacific Осеап halfway befueen Hawaii and Australia, is опе of the most beauti{ul and unique . aces оп ёаrth, but its highest point is.just under 5 m above sea level апd most areas аrе only '1 m above sea :vel. Tuvaluans are interested iп (6) making / to make their рrоЫеm known to the world. (7) Living / Live оп the s апd is already difficult and they need help iп (8) findin9 / to find а solution. lf this doesn't hарреп, Tuvalu, with : population of about 12,000 people, may (9) Ьесоmе / to become the first country (10) following / to follow -Цhiсаl Atlantis into the осеап.
L\stеч\чq А
В
Write these numbers using numerals.
] 2 3
thrее hundred
4 {оur hundred and fifty
fifty thousand
5
two thousand five huпdгеd
6 two huпdrеd thousand
(
Listen to thеýё numbers and write down what you hear using numerals.
'"
ten million
1
2
Llоэо-Uр
з 4 5
С
Look at the sentences in D and answer the questions below.
1 2
Which answers do you think wil] contain пчmЬеrs? What раrt of speech do you thinkthe other answers will contain?
D (Vou 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
lп some tasks where you have to complete notes, the ап5WеrS that you hear will Ье in the correct form (поuп, adjective, ten5e, etc), 5о you don't need to make any changes,
will hear Part of а television documentary. Fоr questions 1-9, complete the sentences.
The ЬаЬу mammoth lived
yearS а9о. The design of their bodies meant that mammoths were аьlе to live in conditians о{ LучЬаЪ body was comp{etely because iL had оееп preserved in {rоzеп mud. The condition of LучЬаЪ body shows that she had Ьееп very Scientists know from examining hеr tusks that shе was опlу old.
Mammoths lived оп еаrth for almost З_5 опе of the thеоriеs for the disappearance of the mammoth is а sudden сhапgе in the eafth's
Some mammoths' bodies have shоwл that they had been hunted Ьу 9 Lyubra's body has given scientists а better understanding of how mammoths 8
А Nenetý Ьоу touche5 а mammoth carcass,
Lyuba. outside the Shemanovsky Museum.
i
Е
реаИцq Work with а partner and answer these questions.
. . .
what comes to mind whеп you hear the term 'the natural world'?
How often do you stop to take in the natural world around you? Аге humans considerate towards other species that shаrе thе same
Llоsо-Ир lf уоч don't understand something your partner Says, ask them to repeat or rерhrаSе What they Said.
паturаl world with them? Why?/Why not?
Label the pictures with these words. captivity.
iпtеrfеrепсе destruction, pottution in the witd, freedom паtчrе, охуgеп
еЁ ]te е ]
пSе,
]
eed
eS,
.
]
work with а partner and answer thе questions аьочt the photographs. опе of you should Ье student А апd the other should Ье Student В. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
student Student
А: В:
Соmраге photos 1 and 2 and say how humans аrе affecting оuг natural world. Which о{ these situations do you think hasthe worst effect оп the паtчrаl world? Why?
В: А:
Соmраrе photos З апd 4 and say which animals you think live in а better way. Do you think zoos аrе а good idea? Why?/Why not?
lсhеs ass,
le
lseum.
Student Student
(-:@l ] iscuss
' . . .
these questions with а partner.
Аге паtчrаl disasters соmmоп in уочr country? lf so, which ones? How do humans destroy the паtчrаl world? which two паtчrаl disasters do you think аrе the most destгuctive? Why is it important to protect очr natural world?
ltэеfаl {xpress\ovl9 Asking for clarifi cation could уоU repeat that, please?
Would you mind repeating that, plea5e? l'm 50rry. I didn't quite 9et that. 5оrrу, What do you mean Ьу ...?
, *.
.,l
Vод-;яИиааru\ Collocations & Expressions
А
Match the expressions in bold with their meanings a-f.
1 2 З 4 5 6
us! avalanche. mе laugh ечеrу day.
Г f The пursе was а ray of sunshine. 5hе used to make I The police were as quick as lightning. Тhеу came as soon as we called them. ] Katy has her head in the clouds - she thinks thе riчеr will печег flood again. ] Everyone loves Реппу because she is down to earth, friendly and helpful. ] l
knew we wеrе in deep water when l saw the bear ruппiпg towards
The hospitals were snowed underwith casualties after the
а Ь с d е f
Ье чпrеаlistiс tre very fast
t,е very busy Ь,е
сhееrful and make otbe-
Ье sensitrle
Ье in trоuые
Prepositions
в
circle thе correct words.
Supervolcano supervolcanoes аrе probably the most destructive fоrсе (1) on / in the planet. There аrеп't many of them, but erupts it would almost сеrtаiпlу threaten the 5urvival (2) of / Ьу thе hчmап rасе.
i{
опе
Тhе lагgеst supervolcano eruption happened about 74,00О years а9о in Lake ТоЬа, Sumatra. The eruption was so huge that the ground was covered (3) within / with З5 cm of ash as fаr as 2,5О0 km away frоm the volcano. Тhе Ыаst also hаd а huge effect on global temperatures Which dropped (4) under / Ьу around 5'С. This drop (5) in / at tеmреrаturе Was devastating апd scientiStS hаче discovered that it caused the summers in Europe to Ье freezing cold and also had а catastrophic effect on animals and plant life.
Supervolcanoes differ (6) than / from поrmаl ones in mапу ways, А поrmаl volcano is cone-shaped and when it erupts the lava bursts (7) out / up of the top and flows (8) thrоugh / down the sides. Оп the other hand, supervolcanoes form uпdег9гоuпd. Ма9mа slowly rises from а hotspot deep down in the еаrth, until eventually huпdrеds of thousands of years later ап епоrmоus blast оссurs. One of the largest supervolcanoeS that eXiStS today is in Yellowstone National Park, USД. Whеп Scientists were doing rеsеаrсh (9) оп / {or the volcano they wеrе rеаllу surprised (10) Ьу / off what they found. Basically, the whole of the park had а massive рооl of magma uпdегпеаth it, measuring 7О km across Ьу ЗО km wide] l\rloreover, thеу discovered evidence to suggest that the Yellowstone supervolcano erupts every бО0,00О years, Unfortunately, its last еrUрtiоп was well очег 600,000 years а9о, so it Seems that the clock is ticking!
_.-ёi.l.: -r _.--j -
:':, ' -#
С 9о
l
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. . .
Do уоu know апуопе who is а ray of sunshine or who hаs their head in the clouds? Who? Do уоu think people who are down to еаrth have mоrе friends? Whу?ДVhу not? How do you соре whеп you are snowed uпdеr wlth school work?
Comparison of adjectives & adverbs
Тоо, Enough, So & Sчсh
А
с
е others
Look at these sentences and answer the questions below.
а ь с
The wоrldЪ largest чоlсапо is situated iп Hawaii. А tsunami isaworsenatural disaster than а flood. Earthquakes hарреп the most frequently in the Pacific Ring
d 1 2
Тhе wildfire spread faster thап we had predicted.
а Ь 1
of Firе.
Which sentences contain the comparative fоrm? Whiсh sentences contain the superlative
!
fоrm? !
Look at the words in bold in the sentences and answer the questions below.
! !
and and
ltЪ raining too hard for uS to go out. ShеЪ experienced enough to get the job.
which word is used to show that
something is more than we want or need? which word is used to show that something is as much as we want оr need?
Look at these sentences and answer the sentences below.
а Ь с
Jenny isn't а5 clever as Julia. This winter it has snowed as heavily as it did last winter. Тhе warmer the weather, the better sam feels.
'1
2
D We
чsе so and such for emphasis. Look at thёsе sentences and answer the
questions below.
а
lп sentence а, who is сlечеrеr? ln sentence Ь, did it snow more heavily this winter or last
winter оr did it snow the same?
3
ln sепtепсе с, what is the relationship between the weather and how Sam feels?
What раrts of speech follows so?
Complete the rules.
use
We + adjective/adverb + to ShoW that two people эr things аrе similar in some -way. Whеп they аrе not similar, we can а5 + adjective/adverb + а5. The structure
use
-
2
-
+ comparative shows how опе action or comparative, situation affects апоthеr.
What parts of speech follow such?
Read 7 .6-7 .8 ot the Grammar Rеfеrелсе оп ра9еý 170-171 be{ore you do tfie task.
-
-
Many natural disasters аrе so difficult to predict. The emergency services did such а great job duririg the flood. The tsunami struck so quickly, we couldn't believe it.
Complete the second sentences so that they have а similar mеапiпg to thе {irst sentences. Use the words in bold.
'1
ln Еurоре, tsunamis аrе not aS соmmоп as in Asia. more in Europe.
ln ASia, tsunamiS
We had expected it to rain mоrе heavily. as we had expected.
lt didn't rаiп
drink mоrе water when it gets hotter. the
l
4
water l dгiпk.
тhе hotter
Тhе h urriсапе was so strong that it caused а lot of damage. such that it caused а lot of lt was dama9e. t've печеr met реорlе more friendly than -these islanders. most
6
7
These islanders It Was
are
|'ve ечеr met.
so windy that the helicopter couldn't rescue the flood victims. too
lt Was
to rescue the flood victims.
Тhеrе are more tornadoes in the USAthan iп the
restoftheworld. highest oftornadoes iп the
тhе usA has the
8
world. Тhе rеsсuе team needs to work faster to savetheml епочgh to save them!
тhе rescue team isn't Some {orces of nature аrеп't as bad as others. than
оthёrs.
Some {orces of паtчrе 10
lt Was such а relief to hеаr that he'd survived the ачаlапсhе! so l
was
that he'd survived the avalanche!
W
rifiиr1
ýequencing events Whеп you tell а Story, it'S important that the rеаdеr is аЬlе to follow the sequence of events. You сап do this Ьу using сегtаiп phrases that help to show how events follow оп from one апоthеr. These phrases also hеlр to сгеаtе а sense о{ dгаmа in the Story.
А
Match еасh phrase 1-5 to а phrase а-е with а similar meaning.
1 2 3 4 5 а Ь с d е В
At
{irst, .
]
At last,
t,]
П ... П At the same time, ... fА few minutes lаtеr, ...
Atthat moment,
lV]eanwhile, .,. JuSt then, ... lп the Ьеgiппiпg, ... lп the end, ...
After а while, ...
Read the writing task below and then tick thе things you have to do. wrjte а story that begins with these words: Не соuldп't wait to get off the boat.
1 2 З 4 С
Write а story about а Ьоу оr а
describe the boat iп
detail
mап
паrrаtе an event the hеrо was not looking forward use the words giчеп exactly as they арреаr
П J to at all П П
Read the model story and circle the correct words.
Не couldn't Wait to get off the boat. ,After several hours'journey and а lifetime of waiting, hе was almost there. (1) At first, / lVeanwhile, Simon hadn't been аЫе to make out exactly what was ahead, but as thе boat got пеаrеr, he realised it was the volcano he was looking at. months / Теп minutes later, the boat docked at а small hаrЬоur and he Went ashore. Не stood still fоr а moment and looked around him, enjoying the strange atmosphere. Тhеп, hе walked fоrwаrds. growing mоrе and more excited. (2) Two
(З) Then one day, / Before lопg, he found а path and strolled up it. Тhе volcano's landscape fascinated
him as he got closer to its peak. There was а15о hot steam pouring from little cracks iп the lava.
(4) Just thеп, / ln the end, Simon glanced up. Steam was rising up in front of him. Не had reached the crater. Twisting rоuпd for his camera, Ье caught а glimpse of the sun, lt was setting behind the cliffs in the distance.
At last, / After а while, he had sееп the famous volcano, Не also got the сhапсе to see the most beautiful sunset he had ever seen - and all this on the same day! (5)
92
_
эоk again
)
Read thе model story again and write Т (trче) or F (false).
1 2 З 4 5 j
!
.]
Simon has been waiting а long time to visit the island.
f
Не doesn't know what the чоlсапо is at fiгst.
п п п
Не is usеd to atmospheres like the опе оп the island. Не {inds the hot steam fascinating.
several narrative tenses have Ьееп used.
Llоsо-Uр Whеп уоU are Writing а Story, уоч can express your ideas more clearly and qive the reader а mоrе vivid picture ofthe people and events Ьу U5ing precise Words to describe thingS. Fоr example, you сап use store ог g/апсе instead ofiook,
Write the correct раrаgrарh пчmЬеr next to these descriptions.
а Ь с d е
details.
П П Say what the main character saw from the volcano, П mаiп сhаrасtеr. Begin with sentence given and introduce the П Describe the climb up the volcano. t_ Set the scene апd describe background
Вriпg the story to an
end.
Complete the definitions with а word or phrase from the Useful Expressions. Sometimes more than опе answer is роssiЫе.
1 2
З 4 5 6
you
l{
you сап
you manage to See it.
Something
Yоu
if you walk with difficulty because of iп,jчrу.
You
sоmеопеЪ
if
you attract his or hеr attention.
lf
you
you walk slowly in а relaxed way.
lf
you
somebody, his оr hеr face is familiar to you.
Эчеr to you
З
at something. уоu look at it intensely fоr а long time.
lf
!
Read the writing task below and make а раrаgrарh рlап for
уочr story. Remember to use phrases to show the order of the events, so the rеаdеr сап follow your story clearly. Write а story that begins with these words; Тhеу all{elt as if they were standing оп top of the world ('120-1В0 words)
Uэе|иl <хрrе5s]'оч|5 Ways of seeing/looking at something make очt catch а glimpse of notice catch sоmеопеЗ еуе observe 9aze at glапсе at recognise glаrе at Stare at Ways of walking
creep
limp
mаrсh
skip stroll
wander
Before you watch
А
Match thе words to thе meanings.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
barometric
pressure П
data forecast humidity meteoгologist mission velocity plain
П П П П П П П
а Ь с d е f g h
person whose job it is to study the wеаthеr
predict ап event before it happens the force of the air аrочпd the Еаrth а flat area of Iand with few trees on it
the amount of water in the air in[ormation collected {or analysis important task оr job wind speed
While you watch
в
watch the DvD and decide if these ýtatements are true or false. write Т for true and F for false.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tornadoes usually move faster than ЗOО miles ап hour. The раrt of а storm that рrоdчсеs the tornado is called the ЬеаrЪ са9е, Tim Samaras always finds time to admire the tornadoes he's chasing.
п п
carsten Peter says that photographing tornadoes is difficult because everything happens very fast. Тhеrе аrе approximately 1 0,000 tornadoes in thе US every year.
п п п п п
samaras takes about 20 seconds to piace а probe, turn it оп and ruп away. The storm сhаsегs bad great luck in Manchester, South Dakota, The probe used in lVanchester didn't produce any interesting data.
I
After you watch
С
Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words. attempt determined directty functional опсоmiпg rapidty resutts wагпiп9
Photographer Carsten Реtеr hа5 an unusual interest. Не travels with а 9rочр oftornado chasers and puts himself (1) into the path of tornados. His pictures might give meteorologists а Ьеttеr Understandin9 of these hчgе storms and hеlр them develop (2) systems that will save реорlеЪ lives. Some of the photographs that he produces аrе taken from а саr travelling between 100 and 1 30 kms, just ahead of the storm. Things can change very (3) whеп you're chasing а storm!
Peter also Wants to (4) to make visual records of storms using а piece of equipment called а photographic рrоЬе. Recently, Peter was with а storm-chasing team led Ьу Tim Samaras. Тhеу placed their probes in the path of the (5) tornado. тhе Weather рrоЬе performed as it Was supposed to. but, unfortunately, the рhоtоgrарhiс рrоье caught images only of the edge of the storm, поt the сепtrе. дt least it WaS still (6) after the storm hаd passed, which was amazingl Althou9h it was disappointin9 that it hadn't Worked as expected, Peter explains that the closer he gets to hiS 9оаl, the mоrе interesting it iS for him. Не seems to have faith that they will get the good (7) they Want the next Lime around, оr mауЬе the time after that. He's (8) to get the results he and the scientists need.
D
94
Discuss these questions with а раrtпеr.
' How would you feel if someone told you that you had to take over РеtеrЪ job? What would you telt him/her? 'whatkindsofextremeweatherdoyouhaveinyourсочпtrу?Начеyouечеrexperienceditfirst-hand? . Would уоu Ье рrераrеd to work in extreme weather situations? Why?,lVhy not?
Reading; advertisements,multipIe-choicequestions
VосаЬцlаrу: media-related words, phrasaI чеrЬs, word formation G!,аmmаr: passive voice: tenses, gerunds, infinitives & modal verbs, impersonal & personal structures Listening: multipIe-choicequestions(pictures) Speaking: talking about the media, decision making, showing that уоч are listening Writing: essay, editing уочr work
эwаrd арhеr van in l,
USA
Роаd\лq А
Look at the different types of media below. Write Р for those that аrе print media, Е for electronic media and В for Ьоth.
1 2 3
Ыоg magazine
newspaper
t] п п
4 5 6
e-book message Ьоаrd Web site
В
Do you read апу of the above? Which ones?
С
ouickly scan the five advertisements. Which magazine has the most issues per year?
a п
а
реrsоп оr place
Parents! Get hold ol National Geographic Litfle Kds magazine to give уочr pre-schooler а head Stаri| ThiS award-Winning magazine iS Specially designed for 3 to б year-olds and is filled with photos and lively Stories that help develop early rеаdiпg skills, lt also has interactive picture gameS and puzzles to teach logic and coUnting,
PLUS!
)' )
5imple Science ехреrimепts humour and rhymes focus оп different cultures
Read Nаtlола/ Geographic Little Kidswith уоur child and provide the most importanl gitL you сап give: time With уоU!
Е п al Geog rарhiс Explore r magazine iS packed With highinterest science and social studies content that inspires kids to саrе about the planet!
N atio
National Gеоgrарhiс Kids magazine gets kids excited about their wоrldI Fеаtчrе stories include articles on wildli{e, entertainment, science, tесhпоlоgу. extreme Sporl5. adventures. amzing kids and wоrld wonders,
sections include:
) )
Video Game сепtrаl Grееп Scene
) l
Guinness World Records
)
)' '
Art zопе
cool lnventions
wildlife watch Weird BUt тruе Sports FчппiеS
ExtraS: Large pullout роStеrS оr maps, соllесtаЫе trading cardS, contests, Stickers and mоrе.
96
) )'
writtеп Ьу science writers and specialiStS ages 5-1 2 7 issues per year, опе per month dUring term-time
N ational Geog raphic Explore r is the опlу content-based classroom magazine for this age group that provides science and social studies conten,t While developing reading and Writing skills.
Llоэо-Uр
Your family is interested in subscribing to а magazine. You have found the following adveЁisements for magazines. Read the questions, and then look at thе adveЁisements for thе answers.
1 2
Which magazine is ideal for your fоur-уеаr-оld sister?
а] ь2
с '1,Запd4 d 2,4and5
Which magazine was first published more thап а hundred years а9о?
а 1 ь2
4
сЗ d4
Which magazines аrе рчЫishеd in mоrе than опе langua9e?
а '],2and4 Ь 1,4and5 З
When you are answering а question Where there are two or more answers for еасh option, уоu сап lookfirst atthe texts that occur most often as answer choices. lf you сап exclude these а5 options, уоu сап automatically exclude any anSwers that include them. For example, in question 2, уоч сап first look at text number 1 Which occurs in а, Ь and с. lf this teХt i5 not about а magazine that i5 publi5hed in more than опе langua9e, the answer уоч are looking for must Ьё d_
с3 d 4
Your dad teaches science at рrimаry school. Which magazine would Ье good fоr his classes?
а
1
ь
с d
з
6
Which magazines hаче maps? а
ь
7
NATlONAL
National Geographic
lnside Anima!Minds
8
l ati
9
12 monthly iSSueS produced in 32 languages
10
' '
photo contests map supplements
Geographic
эоkiпg at the world :,,]rочgh Stunning ]s
lat !dieS пg
эhоtоgrарhу.
. There аrе 8 issues
.
children?
с d
2апdЗ 2and4
Запd5 4and5
Which magazines include features children find fчппу?
с d
1and2 ь 2апdЗ
2апd4 4and5
Which magazine always comes with the same free
с4 d5
You want to go оп а world tour with уоur family. Which magazine is best fоr you?
Get the mеапiпg
с4 d5
!
Complete the definitions with these words. content issue photojourna[iSm readership
rгаиеlеr, the world's ^rost Widely read travel ",]agazine, iпsрiгеS ,eaders to trачеl Ьу
)оm
2and4
d 2and5
а2 ьз
rd]eS
\,Jational
с
а'| ь2
Е еrе
and 2 апd З
9ift?
:хрlоrе the most distant соrпеrs о{ the Wоrld and оUr -niverse with National Geographic|
) *
'1
а
опаl Geog raph ic is -пiVеrsаllу recognised for its ^ gh quality. With informative articles апd some of the best :hotojournalism you will ever acme across, the magazine ^aS а massive readership аrоuпd the woid. '
'1
Which magazines аrе not aimed specifically at
а Ь
GEOGRAPHIC
11agazine: lnspiring people :э саrе about the planet : псе 188В,
с4 d5
ьз
Which magazine has articles about sроrt?
реr year,
li iS published iп 12 languages in 21 countries.
issue readers enjoy: lnterviews with explorers FamilyJriendly destinationS Food fгоm around the globe
5upptement
1
А single сору of а magazine is known as
2
Giving the news using mainly photographs is kпоwп
З
The of а magazine or newspaper is all the topics that are included in it.
4
a(n)
An extra раrt of а magazine that is produced separately is called а(п) The пumЬеr of реорlе who regularly buy а magazine is known as the
n every
9 ) *
Эасk
уоur bags and truly ехреriепсе the world's
.]nique destinationsl
More and mоrе people аrе reading e-books and опliпе пеwsрареrs. Do you think thё day will come whеп we по |onger have рriпt media? Are there апу advantageS to thi5? 97
Y
ооаVиlаrц
А
Circle the odd ones out.
1 2 з 4 5
title reporter
adveгtisement
critic report
sound епgiпееr
correspondent subscription
documentary
soap ореrа
headline host саmеrаmап
preSenter а
rtiсlе
в circle the соrrесt words. 1 l get my daily рареr at the newsagent'S / lэооth оп mу Street. 2 Тhеrе are sечеrаl types of media / press, including пеwsрареrs, TV and the lnternet. З Whеп l'm watching football, l usually turn down the volume Ьесачsе the sрогts соmmепtаrу 4 5 6
С
drives me mad!
/ rечiеw
There were пеws {lashes / strikes every hоur after the attack. Statistics / l\4easurements shоW that mоrе реорlе аrе getting thеir news опliпе these days. According to sales quantities / figures, many local newspapers may Ье forced out of business.
Complete the text using these words. adaptation author columniSt editoг pieceS
А mапЪ best {riend John Grоgап had had ап interesting and varied career as а journalist before hе turned to writing books and became а hugely successful, sel{employed (1) . Не had done evervthino {rom oolice (2) which involved writing about сгimе5 committed Lo being а regu,ar (З) writin9 for several newspapers. The опе thing that John often Wгоtе about in his соlчmпs was his pet Labrado1 Marley, РuЫiс reaction to theSe (4) iпсгеdiЬlе and many rеаdеrs wrote in asking fоr mоrе of the same, Очеr thе пехt decade,
Grogan wrote а weekiy соlumп about his чегу naughty, but чеrу loveable golden LаЫаdоr. whose adventures wеrе followed Ьу thousands of readers. After Marley's death, Jоhп decided that he wanted to go one step further: hе wrote а book about his pet and Sent it to the well-known book (5) нагреrсоlliпs. Тhе (6) who rеаd it loved it, the manuscгipt was accepted апd thе book came out in (7) in ОсtоЬеr 2005. lt was а huge success, appearing at the top of the lэеstsе]lеr lists fог mапу weeks. lп 2008, а film (8) of the novel was made to the delight of the mапу Маrlеу fans аrоuпd the world.
D
98
l
Do you agree with these statements? Discuss your answers with а раrtпеrЪ.
. . .
Опе picture speaks а thousand words. Watching TV is always а waste of time. Don't believe everything you геаd.
Passive Voice: Tenses
А
The Passive Voice: Gerunds, lnfinitives & Modal VеrЬs
Read the sentences апd notice the changes that
В
occur. Then. answer the questions below.
Read the раirs of sentences and notice the changes.
Active:
The presenter interviewed the actress. Passive: Тhе actress was interviewed Ьу the presenter.
1
Who is the ob.ject ofthe active sentence?
2
Who
is
Acive:
Children love their parents taking them to the cinema. Passive: Children love being taken to the cinema Ьу their parents. Active; When are you supposed to write the соlчmп? Passive: When is the соlчmп supposed to Ье written? Active: Tom must рау the newspaper subscription, Passive: The newspaper subscription must Ье paid
the subject iп the passive sentence?
what
is the verb iп the active sentence and which tense is it iп?
Ьу Tom.
What is the auxiliary verb in the passive sепtепсе and whiсh tense is it iп?
Complete the rules.
We form thе passive of а gerund with + past participle. We fоrm the passive of а full infinitive + past participle. We form the with to + passive of а modal with the modal + + past participle.
What form о{ the verb interyiew is in the passive sепtепсе?
-
Complete the rules.
Read 8.r-8.2 oftfie Grammar Reference оп page 171 before you do the tasks.
We fоrm the passive voice Ьу using the auxiliary verb in the correct tense and о{ the main verb. Тhе the past of the active sentence becomes the subject of the Pa55ive sentence.
С
-
Complete the Sentences With the correct form о{ the passive voice and the verbs in brackets.
1
(take) at the Nature Preserve in Вечеrlу Shores, lndiana.
2 This photo ,t
(test) Ьу the sound епgiпееr now.
The equipment
4 The article needs
тье event must ь The winner of the gаmе show 5
7 8
(make) with гесусlеd рареr.
These days, mапу books
(edit) a9ain. (сочеr) in tomorrow's newspaper.
(9ive)the prize
next Week. Не wanted his photos
(exhibit) iп Paris. (feature) оп
The economic crisis the front page of Тhе Times tomorrow.
Rewrite the sentences in уочr notebooks using the passive voice. Start with thе words in bold.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The
W сhаппеl will Ыoadcast the programme
tomorrow ечепiпg.
lVlany реорlе watch Oprah Winfrey's chat show
every day.
They should usе better quality рареr for newspapers. This саmеrаmап has filmed mапу episodes of Days of очr Lives. The teacber gives the schoolchildren а lot of homework. lVla ny ,jou rna
lists аrе covering thе natural disaster.
The presenter will have asked the contestant twenty questions Ьу the end of the quiz. Тhе weatherman had fоrесаst the heavy snow Ье{оrе the drop in tеmрегаturе.
,-
L\stеч\чq А
Look at the picturёs below and write down three things that are the same in all pictures and three things that are not the same in all Pictures. а
ь
с
с
('You will hear eight short conversations. After
уо_
hеаr еасh conversation you will Ье asked а questioabout what you hаче heard. The answers are showas pictures. Circle а, Ь or с. ь
а
\:/
Things that аrе the same in all pictures: а
Things that are not the Same in аll pictures:
Шоw look at the pictures in А again and listen to the dialogue. Tick the correc answer to the question you hear.
G
Llоsо-Uр Listen саrеfчlIу becau5e the рiсtUrе5 & t Won't always Ье in the оrdеr that уочlý hеаr them mentioned.
ь
а
1
z'
2'
з-
3: 5.
,|
ь DvDý!
>реаk|qq i er yoU ]е5tiоп ShоWп
3
q
. . . .
-
HoW often do you watch the news оп TV? HoW imрогtапt is it for уоч to keep up with current events? What form(s) of media do you рrеfеr to use to keep up-to-date with news and events? Аrе you interested in the private lives of celeЫities? ls this more important оr interestin9 to уоч than world news? Do you think thеrе аrе апу рrоЬlеms with the way some people who work in the media behave?
Llоsо-Uр
Look at the features below and decide if they are more likely to occur оп television, in а пеwsрареr or both. Write Т for television, N for newspaper and В for both.
] 2 З 4 5
ы
ц
Work with а partner and answer these questions.
advertisement weather forecast letters ра9е Sports news
world news
п п п
L]
6 7 8 9 10
live music intervieW
hоrоsсореs ТV guide
celeЫity gossip
Whеп уоU?е having а discussion, it i5 polite to show the other реr5оп
t] п п п п
lhal you are inl,erested in What
he
or She i5 Saying. А5 Well as using thе Useful Expressions below, you сап also make еуе contact With the other person and nod your head from time to
time]
lmagine that your school is going to publish а school newspaper. First, talk together аЬочt the different topics that could Ье included in the first issue. Then, decide which two topics would Ье thе most interesting for students.
f, '
n р
@@ m]
i---}
Ы,
ы,*;.fЁ
fr1@
Discuss these questions with а partner.
Does TV present what is rеаllу important, or what will sell mоrе? Do уоu think that the media cover too muсh t,ad news and not елоugh good news? What was the last news story you hеаrd that was good news? Are thеrе certain things that journalists shouldn't rероrt on? WhуДVhу not? Реорlе often say that no news is good пеws. Do you agree?
@ ffi9 UrJ ED @ l)эе|иl {хрrсssiои3 showinq that you are listening
ок.
Ye5,
Ri9ht.
ТhаtЗ an interesting point. l 5ее What you mеап. l understand What yoU're saying. ТhаtЪ exactly What l Was thinking.
*
*
l
i
ri
г-"flгgИи[лrц
phrasal verbs
А
ln the following exercise, two of the options given are used with each verb to make а phrasal verb.
For each question, сrоss out the option that cannot Ье used with thе чеrЬ in bold.
] 2 З 4 В
tune: pick: ring: bring:
in / through / out
out / up / for in / back / аlопg
out / at / round
Complete the sentences with the words from А.
1 2 З 4 5 6 7 8
Make sure you
tune
Мапу TV presenters don't
next Tuesday {оr the final episode of Тор Сhе{
pick
tbe clothes they wear on TV Sоmеопе else does that fоr them.
l rапg the producer but hе Wasn't there, so he's 9оiпg to ring me bring а пеw book ab,out healthy living,
The publisher is going to
Тhе dосumепtагу was so boring;
Someone will pick
mе
l
tuned
half way thгоugh|
at 10 o'clock and take me to the TV studio. to their point ofview. реорlе The radio station is asking listeners to ring i{ they want to take part in the daily quiz. l
think most героrtеrs tгу to bring
word formation
С
Complete the text with the correct form of the words.
Jоurп*ýýsв-gr lf you thought Ьеiп9 а (1)
was all about going to red-carpet events and interviewing superstars, you'd Ье mistaken. lv]any trave to some ofthe most far away рагts ofthe world to keep us informed about what's happening there.
JoURNAL
These l,inds of people аrе (2) called correspondents. They rероrt оп а раrtiсulаr sulэjесt or country and they include (3) correspondents and those who rероrt оп wars and disasters around the world. Опсе they rеасh their destination, they try to get close to the (4) in order to provide the TV channels апd newspapers with (5) оr video {ootage. Тhеу аrе sometimes sent to чеrу dangerous places, and that is why Ьеiпg а correspondent can Ье the most (6) fоrm of journalism, Оп the оthег hand, itЪ also опе о{ the most (7) forms of journalism. So if you're ап (8) kind of person and wапt to go into journalism, maybe becoming а согrеSропdепt is just the job fоr you.
USUAL
D
ДСТ РНОТО
RlsK Sдт|SFY
ДDVENTURE
Read whаt different people say about jobs in the media. Do you agree with them? Discuss with а partner.
.
1о2
PoLlTlc5
'1 think being а correspondent would Ье а чеrу exciting and fulfil iп9 job because l'm а very adventurouS реrsоп.' 'l think working iп ТV would Ье such а satisfying and fun thing to do. l think itЪ an
easy job where you еагп lots of mопеу.' 'l think working as а journalist fоr а сеlеЫitу gossip magazine would Ье so exciting. lt's fascinating to know how famous реорlе live.'
-ъ
%ЁФ**. ]
_"+ý
Passive Vоiсе: lmpersonal & Personal Structures
А
We often use verbs like believe, сопsidеr, know. expect, say, suppose and think in the passive voice. They can Ье used in ап imреrsопаl or а personal passive strчсtцrе. Read these sentences апd notice the сhапgеs that occur. Тhеп answer the questions below.
Active:
Many реорlе believe that the news оп TV is accurate. is believed that the news оп TV is accurate. (This is the impersonal pasSive Structure.)
Passive: lt
1 2
Whiсh word is the subject of the passive verb in the second sentence? What word follows the passive чеrЬ iп the second sentence?
Active:
Реорlе know that documentaries are sеriоus рrо9rаmmеs.
Passive: Documentaries are known to Ье serious рrоgrаmmеs. (This
3 4
is
the personal passive structure.)
the subject of the passive verb in the second sentence? What verb form follows the passive чеrЬ in the second sentence?
Which word
is
Complete the rules.
We form the impersonal paSsive Structure With it + passive verb + the personal Structure With почп + passive verb +
+ clause.
We form
Read 8.3 of the Grammar Reference оп page 171 before уоч do the task.
comPlete these Sentences using impersonal and personal structures.
1
People know that TV commercials influence viewers.
тv commercials influence viewers.
2
Tv commercials
vlewer5.
Реорlе say that the new serial is а great success with young people. the пеw serial is а grеаt success with young реорlе.
тhе пеw serial
а 9reat SUccess With
young реорlе. Реорlе think that the пеw radio station plays the best music in town. the new radio ýtation plays the best lt music in town. the best music iп
The пеw radio station
People -- believe that websites are lt
а
9reat sоurсе of information. Web5ites are а great SоUrсе of
information. WebSites
а 9reat source of information.
Реорlе say that taЫoid newspapers аrе full о{ sensational stories. lt tаЫоid newspapers are full of SenSational Stories,
ТаЫоid newspapers
6
full о{ sensational
storieS.
Реорlе consider documentaries to Ье educational and interesting. docuйentaries are educational and intereStin9. Documentariёs
educational and interesting. А red fox shows interest in а daily newspaper hanging out of а letter Ьох in London опе morning.
10з
W
riflи11
Editing your work Always edit your writing carefully опсе you have finished as careless errors сап make а bad impression оп the reader. Whеп you read back through уочr writing, try to find and correct еrrоrý in word оrdеr (question forms, objecs of verbs, adverbs. inversions); spelling (homophones like see апd sea, silent letters, dоuЫе letters апd irregular plurals); punctuation (apostrophes, speech marks, fuIl stops, question marks); vocabulary (especially prepositions, collocations and рhrаsаl verbs); and grаmmаr (tenses, чеrЬ forms, 9erunds and infinitives, агtiсlеs, conditionals).
А
Tick the correct sentences and соrrесt the wrong ones in your notebook.
1 2 З 4 5 6 В
Some celeЫities will stop at nothing to Ье in the рчЫiс еуе. Have you got а press pass.
Тhе rероrtеr Spent all night working оп the Story. Why does the рrеsепtеr look so seriously? Twenty people arrested tonight following а street John is said that he is а success{ul editor
Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and then answer the questions.
ТНЕ CITY TIMES Celeb arrested after striking photographer It seems soap star Yvette BarkeT cant always
handle being in the limelight. Ъе celeЫity was arrested outside а supermarket yesterday after hitting а photographer with а healry bag. Тhе star protested at hеr arrest saying that it was shocking Йаt photographers could take pictures Without permission,
с
fight.
! П П П П
Тhе edr'tor ofThe City Times wants to know whаt readers' opinion is of the incident. Shou/d stars hаче the rght to act whеп their privacy is invaded, оr do the public have а right tc see how thеir favour'te stars //'че iп real life? Write а letter to the пеwsрареr and Ьеgiп 'Dеаr Editor,'.
1 2 з 4
What is the newspaper extract about? Why has the newspaper еditоr asked for readers' letters? what two issues should the letter deal with?
will the letter Ье written in an iпfоrmаl or register? Why?
kead the model letter and {ind and correct ten errors.
De
Editor,
аm WIiting ln Iesponýe to уоцI leqцest for ]ettels following YYette ВагkеIЪ Iесепt arrested. like to shaTe mу views оп the subject, I
I
woulrl
Filst ofall, it ls often ýaid that fans are juýtified in want to lФоw what theil fачоцritе celeыities are like in rеаl life, AfteT all, fans spend а lot of time and mопеу оп them and ensule they stay in а рuЫiс еуе. As а result, their is а huge market fol StoIieS Ievealing thе personal lifes ofthe Iilh a;d fаmоцs.
on the other hand, it is undelstandab]e that peTsonalites want their pfivacy. whether stars shоцld take action аЬоцt inyasions oftheiT privacy is а valid quеýtiоп? НоwЪчец their complains should Ье made in ап appTopriate way and_hurting anothel peIson is fаr from acceptable, No dоuЫ mапу реорlе, including fans, will Ье puzzle Ьу ВаrkегЪ actions, То conclude, it is паtцrаl that fans want to kлоw evel}thing about celebTities. МеmЬеrs ofthe press must Ieýpect ýtars wishes, though, апd ask peImisýion to take photos, so that unfortunate incidents сап Ье avoided. Yours faithfully, Tony Nugent
104
а
formal
-ook again
)
!
Tick the things the Writer has done.
1 2 З 4 5 6
used the соrrесt register answered the questions iп the task expressed his ideas iп ап illogical order
stated his орiпiоп сlеаrlу in the conclusion used the passive voice to sound more objective used ап appropriate greeting and signing off
п ]
п t] п
t]
i circle the correct Words to comPlete the раrаgrарh plan for the model |etter. Раrа 1: State the rеаsоп for writing / your opinion. Para 2: Diýcuss Whether fans / stars have the right to Iearn about famous реорlеЪ private lives. Раrа Зi Discuss whether fans / stars have the right to take action when their privacy is invaded, Раrа 4: Sum up / lпtгоduсе and state your opinion.
F
Use ап appropriate word or phrase from the Usaful Expressions to complete the sentences. Sometimes more than one answer is роssiЫе. dоuЫ, ап ечеп bigger рау rise will follow next year.
1
question.
2 Whеthеr you have а right to print gossip is а(п) Said that newspapers аrе а thing of the past.
4 lf it 5
lt
i5
Mr Jones, Grant would not have а job. say that аll journalists are highly paid.
Llоsо-Uр ln formal Writing, u5e
the
passive voice to make your Writing more formal and to present your ideas in а more
objectiVe Way. Ве careful to Use the appropriate verb form and tense for the subject, the auxiliary чеrЬ ] апd the past participle. . ._.. .,. _.__.__,,..,..l :
Over to you!
G
:r5' )
act
Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and make а раrаgrарh plan for your letter. Remember to check your work carefully for errors when you hаче finished.
ight to :er
to
tteгs?
ТНЕ CITYTIMES
Shock at newsreader's massive рау rise Тор newsreader Mary McGuire found herself in
the news today as а huge row Ыоkе out following the announcement ofher annual рау rise. Mccuire iS set to take hоmе а Ыeathtaking $2.5 million this year Some say that the rise iS completely uпассерtаЫе given the current economic crisis.
Тhе editor ofThe City Times wants to know what rеаdеrs'орiпiоп is of this issue. Whу do some TV persona/ities receive such /arge sa/aries, and is it uлfаir to оthеr hard-working реор/е? l'y'rite а /etter to the леwsрареr and Ьеgiп 'Dеаr Еditоц'. ('120-']80 words)
Иэе|utl {,\уrеss\очs Presentinq argument5 in ап imper5onalWay lt iS natural/shocking/understandable/ unfair that/to ...
... islare reported/said to ...
lt is often reported/said that ...
No doubtДVithout doubt ... lt cannot Ье denied that... ... i5 а
valid question/point
Ье justified in
Тhе fact ofthe matter is ... lf it Was not for ..., ... Would (not) ... lt WoUld Seem/appear that ..,
105
Before you watch
А
How mчсh do you know about films? Look at the statements below and write т for true or F for false.
1 2 з 4
Тhе Academy Awards@, known as the Оsсагs@, have Ьееп presented аппuаllу since 1 927 Ьу the Academy о{ Motion Рiсturе Arts and Sciences. !
Chadie Chaplin was American and hе was Ьоrп iп 1900. Тhе first films with sound were called ta/kies. Тhе fiгst documentaries wеrе called actua/ity films-
!
П
While you watch
В
Watch the DVD and circle thе words you hear.
1 2 3 4 5
ln the '] 9'ь сепturу, inventors learnt that they could сrеаtе moving images Ьу showing а series / succession of pictures very quickly.
People could рау а bill / fee to iook into the mасhiпе and watch simple movies. crowds of реорlе went to see their productions / films, and new 'movie palaces'were built to show them iп. Atthe Ьеgiппiпg o{the 20'Ь century, film / movie dirесtоrs beganto record rеа happeningsand imрогtапt events Actors, lighting, and ечеп computer simulation / animation аrе now used to teach us about the real wor]d,
After you watch
С
Complete thе summary of the DVD below using these words.
аWаrе begin depicting ехреriепсе followed globe medium Sеriеs Sophisticated Fоr mоrе than а hundred уеаrs, film has Ьееп опе of the world's favourite kinds of enteгtainment. Films let us (1) adventures in faraway places and see things we have печеr seen before. ln the late 19'h century, inventors produced а machine
caJled а kinetoscope. This showed a(n) (2) of images very quickly. А{tеr paying а fee, реорlе could look into the kinetoscope and watch the {irst kinds of film.
The kinetoscope was soon (3) Ьу the film pro,iecto.. Рrо,jесtоrs were used in the world's first cinemas. The first films wеrе based оп the simple excitement of (4) movement. The subjects were simple, fог example moving trains. Ноwечеr, {ilms soon became mоrе (5) and complex. Ву thе 1920s there were mапу studios producing films, and film 5tаrs, including Charlie Chaplin and Маry Pickford, became famous (6) Early films also provided а different kind of service, Ьеуопd simple entertainment.
]
Documentary film makers made films about thе news, about historical events, about presidents and explorers. These еаrlу documentaries helped make реорlе (7) of their world. Тhеу informed them of things hаррепiпg around the (8) lп thе days before television thi5 was very important and it meant that film was used as а(п) (9) for ехрlаiпiпg the world. lt offered реорlе а different view of their hоmе planet. lп опlу а hundred years, film and documentary making have changed dramatically. We сап опlу (10) to imagine what the future of film making holds for future generations.
Actors and сrеw shoot
D
а scene for а film in
l{ you could make а documentary film, what subject would you choose? What do you think has been the most important fi]m
iп history? Why?
]
L
l
106
Mexico city in 1951.
Discuss these questions with а раrtпеr.
I
Units 7 & 8
Match.
] 2 З 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
з
sports news sales
чоlсапiс flash Richter hаi!
fault
forest
] ]
п
f f L
п п
а flash Ь scale с егuрtiоп d епgiпееr е rап9еr f stone g line h соmmепtаrу iflood j figures
circIe the correct words.
] 2 З 4 5 6 7 8
З
sоuпd
Apparent у, itЪ quite calm iп the еуе of / frоm the hurriсапе. Тhе соrrеsропdепt realised hе was at / in deep water when he heard the bomb explode. The writer was snowed uпdеr / over with the film adaptation he had to do. She walks агоuпd with her head up / in the clouds and doesn't realise what's happening аrоuпd hег.
When is the publisher going to Ыiпg out / оп the new book? Peter is чеrу down to / at earth апd realistic aiэout everythin9. l
tuned uпdеr / оut half way thrоugh the conversation because it was so Ьогiпg.
We went to pick out / up the сhildrеп frоm school Ьеfоrе the stоrm stагtеd.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. 1
They talked to the
2
Shаl we get
and he's аgгееd to host the show. PRESENT for this weekly newspaper? SUBSCRlBE
а
з Doctors without Borders
is а(п)
4
that hеlрs реорlе in areas where
oRGANlsE
natu.a1 di5asters have happened.
and likes to chase tornados across the сочпtrу. ADVENTURE
He's extremely
forces of паtчrе, DESTROY
An ea,tnquake is опе о[ lhе rгоsт 6
waves сап tre extremely powerful. TIDE
7
Бl Б
8
D
frоm погmаl thunderstorms? DIFFER
How ate hurricanes lS it
in the newspaper? ADVERT|SE
expensive to put а(п)
Complete the sentences using these words. aftershock b[izzard cruSt landslide magnitude tornado Wildfiгe
huge Еаrth's
1
Тhеге was а
2
Тhе
after the main eaгthquake. is moving all the time,
The earthquake rеасhеd а(п)
4 6 7
Heavy rains caused {loods and
a(n)
of 7.2, so it was huge. iп the area which covered the village.
Тhе
resulted in а metre of snow and damage to many houses in the town.
А(п)
destroyed а whole city as it Ыеw through it. burnt huge expanses of{orest last Summer.
1о7
Units7 &
А
complete the sentences with the gerund оr the соrrесt form of the infinitive. use the verbs in brackets. 1
ls it worth
2 Тhе journa ist was made
з we had better 4 John 5
6 7
suggested
(апswеr) questions about his video Ьу the loca police officer
(drор in) and see if Grandma is better. (issue) а bad-weather warning but his colleagues disagreed.
Will the рuЫishеr let us Luckily, Susan rеrпеmЬеrеd
не would like Are you tough enough
в
(talk) to hеr? She is stubborn and won't change hеr mind.
(print) the article in the college newspaper? (tune iп) and listen to hеr favourite radio programrne, (write) а book about his hometown some day. (get) close to the action?
circle the correct words.
kilatrea vоiсапа lVany is ands have Ьееп made Ьу volcanoes and (1) the most / the more often they еruрt, the more the islands grоw in sizel lceland апd Hawaii аrе some examples о{ (2) so / such ап amazing thing. Тhе islands of Hawaii rose out of the sea as а result of volcanic activity on the ocean {lооr,
The(3)lar9est/ агgеr island - Hawaii consists of five
volcan oes, Опе of the чоlсапоеs on the is]and, Mt Kilauea, is still active and is the (4) mоrе / most active Vоlсапо оп earth. Since ']954 there have Ьееп 34 eruptions, and since January 198З, volcanic activity has Ьееп continUous.
This volcano is (5) so / such easy to rеасh that the HaWaii Volcano Observatory actually Ь,еgап doing rеsеаrсh right оп the mountain. lt is also safe (6) too / епоugh for v;sitors to climb and for this reason it is the (7) most / too visited чоlсапо in the world. The summit of the volcano is high because eruptions hарреп more frequently there than at оthеr locations on the vo]cano. The future of Ki]auea looks like the past. Тhе mоrе eruptions, the (8) hi9hest / higher the volcano will go.
с
complete the second sentence' so that thеу have а similar meaning to the first sentences. use thе words in bold.
1
Сhагlеs Richter invented the Richter scale in 19З5.
Ьу
2
тhе Richter scale
in '19З5.
co]umnists hate their editors telling them what to write.
told columnists hate Whеп is lVark s article supposed to Ье Written?
to when is lvark
What to Write Ьу their editors.
his article?
Тhеу should issue а tornado wаrпiп9, Ье А tornado warning Тhеу will have done thе filming Ьу this evening.
will Тhе filming
108
Ьу this evening.
&t article, missing sentences Work-related Words, coIlocationS & expressions, PrepositionS reported speech: statements, questionS, commands and requests, reporting verbs multiple matching talking about work, comparing photographs, considering alternatives rероrt, presenting factцal information
.:
,1
l
i
Роаd\чq А
Describe the folIowing jobs using these adjectives or
any.otheTs you can think of. Would you like to do апу
of the jobs?
. . . .
Ьоriпg dead-end exciting exhaUSting manuat rеwаrdiпg stressfut wett-paid
. о . .
doctor factory worker
journalist nurse
office worker
photographer Sales assistant
teacher
В
Work iп pairs. Think of а job and get your partner to ask questions to find out which job it is. You аrе only allowed to answer yеs or No.
с
Read the article аьочt Мiсhаеl yamashita. which sentence best describes Michael's attitude toward his job?
а Ь с
arrest: to make noti се
lt is Stressful most of the tiпrе,
Ceographic Маgвziпе, In 1999, ап assignment fol а seIies of aTtic]es on Матсо PoIo took him fтоm Venice thTough ITaq and Afghar-ristan to the iS]ands of Southeast Asia. His otheT
assignrnents have included travelling the length of the GTeat Wall of ( hina and through lapan, Го Ье а рrпtе*,iБпаl phologr.rpher Yamashita says, it's iinPoltant to Ье 'in thе Tight рJасе to gei the тight subject at the right time.' 1 'PTofessionai рhо(оgrарhеr" ; rе paid lo Ьс Illcl r ]' he поtе,,
Michael mауЪе paid to Ье luсkу these days, but he hasTl't spent
the и hole ot bi" саrееr а. а рhоtоgгарhеr, l a*ked hlm hоц lle had во( inlere,ted in photograplhl in lhе гil,t Placc, l5рспl four, уеаrs iп Jарап in the eaTly '70s, and tъ,о of those уеаrs I was teachlng,'he rcplied. 'Тlrеrе M,as а huge demand in ]apan for Englisfu' he says. 'And it was а 8Ieat job. But the Teal reasorr l.,v!,as thele \,\,aS to 8et in touch и,ith mу Ioots, GIои,iп8 uP in the United States n,ith а JaPanese name and face, I печЪr ieally
2
[eIt l00 реrtепt Аmеriсап, in the States, I decidecl to go of living theTe.'
рау
frаmiпg: where the рhоtоgrарhег sets the Ьоrdеr' of а рhоtо9rарh
Не thinks itЪ well-paid.
Michael Yamashita has combined his two passiorrs of photogTaphy and travel for очеr 25 yeaTs as а photogfaPher. foт Nлriorr1
5о, аItсг.lUd) in8 11ittогу ех-реriепсе
tJjарап and have
So did Michael buy his first саmеrа while iп
Й
japan?'I did,'
he says. 'Like ечеlу amateul, I bought а саmеrа to basically rесоrd tr hal l и аs .eein8 .rnd doing, to чепd PiclUret Ьасk to family and fTiends. I spent sоmе time leaTning about it, and I iu
110
'omebody ап d
'оmеthiпg atteпtion to it
Не finds ;t exciting.
So r,\йat iS the SесIеt to Michael's success? I was cuTiou. to knor,v what he thought made а good photogTaph. 'In the case of Nлfiollal GeogTaphic Magп:ilzc,, I like to cail thern 'page stoppers', The1, ате picttrres п,ith such gleat visua1 impact that the vieWeI has to StoP tulnin8 the pages. Yоu'rе alTTestcc1 Ьу the h.dпil]& th; t8ht, Й
tоlоur,огthe,ubjecl,al)d)ou\tarl.atit, me, thal i\ ап ideaI piclurc.'
4
Fоr
I asked him which photos frоm his car.eer he was paTticulaTly fond of. 'one time I WaS in а little village in Tajikistan, waiting to Shoot somethi1-1g at sunTise foT ап aTticle or,] Матсо Polo,'he said. .I was wancter.ing about with nobody ar.ound when I saw а kid l,alkiig dоъ,п the Toad, Тhеп, more kids joined him. , 5 В1 lhеп lhе*uп rrа* ritiпgbehirld mе, lt \л.l5 c\tremel\ bright, .rnd foctr.ed оп thо,е kids, lr \ ou |оо|. al lhat рiсluгс, thе shadow i5 righl behind lhеm, Гhаt mеап, that they cal']'t see mе Ьесацsе I'm irr the glaTe of the Sun. So, I got а vely паtulаl рiсtuIе of Lhem preparing foT schoo] in incTedible light,'
so what drives Michael to achieve excellerrce in his fie]d? Не told mе that thele Wasn't much economic motivation giчеп the difficulty in selling рiсtцrеs, so I asked him what he thought it took to Ьесоmе а glеаt pho]ographer 'What it takes is basically passion-. 6l Especlally today, witb competition being rl,,hat it is, to Ье а stlccess you really have to eat and drink photography. It's passion that drives уоu folward,'And if there's one thing that Michael Yamashita certainly hаs. it's ра*
grарl,.-
J
Six sentences have been removed from the text. choose from the
sentences A-G the опе whiсh fits еасh gap (1-6). Tbere is one extra Sentence whiсh you do not need to use.
А В С D Е F G
Then, уоu'rе like у to rеаd thе captions and Ье drawn into reading the who е story. BUt sometimes good fortune can play ап important rоlе.
lfollowed them, and they ended up
Whеп you have decided Which misSing Sentence fitS in а 9ар, read the paragraph again inclUdjng the miSSing 5_ontence to make surе that it
iп this schoolyard,
Тhе mоrе l got into photography, the mоrе l loved it. But hе was печеr dгiчеп Ьу material gаiп, You have to Ье really obsessed Ьу your сrаft. We were the only Asian family iп the town whеrе l lived.
j et the meaning
:
Llоsо-Uр
!
Replace the words and phrases in bold with others from the text that hаче the same meaning.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Не had а job photographing the Great Wall of China, (para Michael Yamashita isn't an amateur photographer. (para
'1)
1)
Не is crazy about рhоtоgrарhу, (раrа З) А рhоtоgrарhеr needs а 9ood representative, (рага З) This а picture that l am really taken with. (раrа 5) His reason for doing it iS that hе oves it, (раrа 6)
Do you think it's impoгtant to Ье passionate about уоur job? Арагt from being passionate about уоur job is there anything else mоrе impoгtant? What sort о{ jobs could you feel passionate about?
aL1l'l o1,1:
ih
,to сh
sLl i],п
itlg
ilt, tbc
Гог
l]1.1ge
lsc'for -in g
iking
::,emc]r :hа t :
lhc
..]
rir,]g
]iS
lic .,soI :са t
q rr,hat ;пl<
.'.,' Anc]
п]r.
п;;
Yamashita is particu|arly fond of this photo of а group of Tajik schoolchildren preparin9 for sсhооl.
YооаVиlаrц А circle the correct words. 1 Please welcome оur main spokesman / speaker for tonight's business meeting, Ms Sheila Grant. 2 Тhе general mапаgеr used the ргоmisе of а соmрапу car as а(п) Ьгiье / incentive to his sales team. 3 oh, did ltell you that one of the b,onuses / perks of the job is уоur own parking space? 4 lп most Western countries, wоrkеrs receive а репsiоп / benefit when they геасh а certain age. 5 Graham was retired / fired fоr constantly coming in late. В
Match еасh sentence 1-6 with the sentence that logically follows
1 2 з 4 5 6 а Ь с d е f
с
l
wouldn't advise you to take that
high-riskjob.
Before we сал consider you for the job. we'll need two references. l b,elieve l am а sчitаые candidate for the position. Let me introduce you to опе of mу She realiy wants the position.
colleagues.
Hundreds of workers were made redundant last
month.
a_f.
П ! п ! П п
ýо
*t{ý
The соmрапу simply had no work fоr them to do. l have а diploma iп social wоrk as well aS three years' ехреriепсе. You could Ье seriously injured, and whеrе would that leave your family? Каrеп and l have Ьееп working together for years now. ltЪ everything she's ечеr wanted in а job: travel, mопеу and glamour Реrhарs you could get them frоm your previous employers.
в,
choose the correct answers.
месhапiс wanted Tom Stephens had опlу Ьееп working at the mine for four months when the чпiоп told the wоrkеrs they wеrе going оп (1) indefinitely, Poor working conditions and very low weekly (2) wеrе what had led the чпiоп leader to make his decision. Tom had Ьееп (3) fог пеаrlу а уеаr before hе got this,job. Now once а9аiп he was in а ditficult situation as there would Ье по рау uлtil the strike ended. How would hе sчррогt his wife and children? Never опе to give up, however, Тоm Ьеgап sеагсhiпg the рареrЪ employment section every morning for (4) while hе came across countless adverts for (5) wоrk, it seemed paying jobs were а bit hаrdег to come Ьу. Тhеп опе day, when he had just about given up hоре, he spotted ап advert in the local рареr for а mechanic, Despite having по skills iп this profession, Tom went down to the (6) а9епсу to аррlу for the job. То his suгprise, he received а call а few days later inviting him for а(п) (7) . Tom and the gага9е owne1 Doug Brown, hit it off immediately. After telling Tom that there was always room {or (8) in his garage, Doug оffеrеd him the job. Tom gladly accepted.
112
1а 2а 3а 4а 5а ба 7а 8а D
walk out Wa9eS
uпwоrkаые works
hеlреr employment application hard workers
Ь ь Ь Ь Ь Ь ь Ь
strike salaries
unemployed spaces assistant hiring interview works
с с с с с с с с
revolt incomes
unoccupied vacancies
volunteer work qUestioning work force
Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а partner's.
.
'Аll wоrk and по рlау, makes Jack а dull Ьоу.'
(Anonymous) 'Меп, for the sake of getting а living, forget to live.' (Маrgаrеt Fullеr) 'Nothing will work unless you do.'(Mlaya Angelou) 'Choose а job you love, and you will never have to work а day in your life,'(Confucius)
Reported Speech: Statements
А
When we report speech we usually move the tense back into the past. Complete the tаЫе.
D
Сhапgе the direct speech into reported speech.
1
ве carefull
Verbs in the Past РеrfеС Simple and Past Perfect Continuous and the modal verbs would cou/d and mght do not сhапgе in rероrtеd speech.
RероЁеd Speech: Changes iп time and place
В
We also usually сhапgе words that show time and рlасё. Complete the tаЫе.
'Му sister Wants to hire а рhоtоgrарhеr for hеr weddin9,' she told hеr friend. she told hеr friend 'We've decided to apply for jobs abroad,' the couple said. The couple said
3
'She was working as nurse when l met her,' John said. John said 'Why was Топу fired?' l asked. l asked 'Тhе employees are expecting а рау rise next month,' he said. Не said
'When is this соmрапу going to hire mоrе реорlе?' he asked. Не asked
7 Ве саrеfчl! Арагt from the сhапgеs in tenses and Words that show time and place, we also сhапgе pronouns and possessive adjectives if necessary. 5
pied
RероЁеd Speech: Ouestions
С
ег
Look at how these questions are reported and notice what changes occur.
пlп9
'Does he еаrп а good salary?' l asked. l asked iflwhether he еаrпеd а good salary.
eS
rсе
your
'Why did you leave your,job?' hе asked mе. Не asked me whу l had left my job.
Complete the rules.
work
8
1 2
Read 9.1-9,З of thе Grammar Reference оп pages 172-17З before
6
-
'Mr Wilson mау Ье promoted this mопth.' а colleague told me.
Find the mistakes iп the reported speech and thеп rewrite the sепtепсё5 correctly iп your notebook.
3
you do the ta5k5.
qualifi cations?' asked the businessman, The businessman asked
А colleague told me
We usually use the verb to rёроrt questions. lf а question begins with а question word, then we use it iп the rероrtеd question. lf а question doesn't have а question word, we оr in the rерогtеd question. The use _ wоrd оrdеr changes when we report а question.
-
'Does this mап have the right
4 5
l
asked when had he appiied fоr that job.
The direcor said that the соmрапу had done well this year. Tom told us that his parents had retired two yearS ago.
We asked John if he will get the job. She said me the wages had Ьееп paid the previous day. l
asked where Jane can Ье.
11з
Lis*c А
ч\па1
Llоsа-Uу
choose the correct answers.
1 2
LiSten out for'red herrings' thin95 that can mislead yoU into thinking something is
lf someone says, 'Му job is not exactly exciting', they mеап it's
а
quite
Ьоriпg
Ь
very exciting
lf sоmеопе says, 'Му job is very rewarding', they mean а get satisfaction frоm it Ь аrе well paid l{
а lf
а
they
true Whеп it i5n't, SpeakerS .
,
someone says, 'l'm passionate about my work', they mean they love
theirjob
Ь
hate thеir.jоЬ
often Say 50mething ne9ati,,: and 50methin9 positive in the 5ame sentence, so listen carefully fоr the очеrаll meaning ofWhat they 5ау,
someone says, 'l only wоrk because it's песеssаrу', they mean they
wоrk
choose to
Ь
hаче to work
lf someone says, '|'d rather have а dапgеrоus job than а Ьоriпg опе'. they mean they рrеfег
а
to take
risks
Ь
to Ье bored
В (' Lirt"n to these speakers and circle 1а The speaker еаrпs а iot о{ mопеу. ь The speaker doesn't еаrп а lot
а or Ь depending оп which sentences are correct.
о{ mопеу.
2а
The speaker thought the course was useful,
3а
The speaker didn't like his previous collea9ues,
4а
The speaker was lооkiл9 fоrwаrd to the course.
ь The speaker didn't think the соursе was useful. ь The speaker iked his previous colleagues.
ь The speaker wasn't looking forward to the course.
5а
Тhе speaker thinks she'll find а similar job in the fчtчrе. а similar job in the future. The speaker learnt а lot The speaker didn't lеаrп а lot,
ь The speaker doesn't think she'll find
6а Ь С
('
YЭu'lt hеаr five people talking about their jobs. Fоr questions ] -5, choose frоm the list Д-F how еасh perso. feels about their,iob. Use the letters only once. There is опе extra letter which you do not need to цsе.
1 2 З 4 5
Sреаkег Speaker Speaker Speaker
Speaker
1 2 t] З t] 4 П |
5
А В С D Е F
Regrets саrееr choices made earlier in life Опlу works Ьесаusе itЪ песе55аrу Has the career that hе/shе had always wanted Doesn't need mопеу, but works out of choice Еп.iоу5 his/herjob Ьесаusе it is helping оthеrs
Рrеfеrs to Ье bored at wогk than to take risks
9уеаk\чо1 А ]95'-
Work with а partner and answer these questions.
. . .
what job would you like to hаче in the futчrе? lf you had to сhооsе between а satisfying ,job and а well-paid опе, which would you choose? Would you like to do some volunteer work? lf so, where?
уоч
gi5
Look at the list of aspects of а job. Decide if thеу are advantages or disadvanta9es. Write А (advanta9es) or D (disadvantages).
(ег5
Igative ) in
1 2 З 4
isten
stressful
well-paid exhausting rеwаrdiпg
п п п п
5 disappointing П 6 tiring П / Satlstyln9 8 boring t]
Llоsо-Uр Don't ju5t give опе-Wогd
anSWer5. AnSWer the questionS Ьу giving reaSons and expanding on your ideas. То make the diScU55ion mоге natural, uSе
expression5 to 9ive yourself time
Work with а partner and answer the questions about thе photographs. Опе of you should Ье Student А and thе other should Ье Student В. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
to thiпk.
student А: Соmраrе photos 1 and 2 and say how уоu think the реорlе аrе feeling, student В: lf you had to choose between working in business оr in the medical field, which would you rаthеr do? Why?
Student Student
В: А:
Соmраrе photos З and 4 and say how these people's jobrs аrе different. lf you had to choose b,etween working in соmрutеr sciences оr in teaching, which would you rаthеr do? Why?
,.,. \t
Discuss these questions with а partner.
Usе|цl бхрrсssrоиs considering alternatives on the опе hand, ... . оп the other hand,... . Although itЪ true that .,., you could also say,,. , Some might say ..., but
а job that was dangerous or Ьоriпg? What аrе some jobs that уоч think would Ье {un? othersthink.... ls ехреriепсе оr education mоrе important when аррlуiпg {оr а new job? Do you believe that some,jobs аrе suitaЫe опlу for mеп and some опlу for women? Why? Justi{y your answer with examples and reasons,
Would you rаthеr have
115
Collocations & Expressions
А
choose the correct answers.
1 2
you work shifts, you work part-time either during the day оr night
lf
а Ь
When а соmрапу lays off workers, it а makes staff redundant
ь
3
hires more staff
When companies lачпсh а new product, they
а Ь
withdraw а new product from the market make а new product available to the public
you reject an offer, you decide the offer isn't imрогtапt епоч9h fоr уоU to солsidег Ь decide to accept it because it's а good offer lf
а lf
you need Lo take оп staff, you need more staff to complete the work you have need fewer staff to complete the wоrk you have
а Ь
Prepositions
When you get the sack, you а аrе told you've got а promotion Ь аrе told to leave уоur,job
в
С
Complete the sentences with the prepositions. Some prepositions сап Ье used more than once.
at Ьу fог in of оп to With we must find а solution the staffino аll costs. ргоЫеm You can't blame me the соmрапу being dеЫ. SаllуЪ reaction the redundancies took me surprise
comPlete the sentenceS usin9 the collocations and expressions from А in the соrrесt form.
1 2 3 4 5
John will
about
if hе keeps on
being late every day. When companies always hope it will sell well.
they
We despeгately need to if we're going to meet these deadlines.
Тhе соmрапу will ргочidе you а special uпi{оrm.
The lаrgеst factory in the area i5 9оiпg to _ half its employees!
Never thought it through рrореrlу.
He's been
until you have
- sometimes hе works from '] 0 pm to б am, and sometimes from
to
out
work {оr уеаrs. fact, hе hаsп't had а job since 2005, my орiпiоп, реорlе who don't get
work
time don't саrе
their job.
бamto2pm.
behalf of my colleagues, l would like
to congratulate уоu
__
mana9er.
уочr promotion
You must try hаrd if you want to succeed rеасhiпо the too your сhоsеп careel
D
Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а раrtпеrЪ.
.
, еt
э
. .
lt i5 чеrу important to do mагkеt rеsеаrсh Ьеfоrе launching а new product. Otherwise it might
поt sell. l
don'tbelieveyou should getthe sackjustfor
being late.
|t's
not а biq dea|, is it?
lf а реrsоп works оп thе night shift it Will atfect
his/her health eventually.
RepoЁed Speech: Commands & Requests А Read thеsё sепtепсёs and notice
Reported Speech: RероЁiпg Verbs
В
what changes оссчr in the repoЁed sentenceý. 'Don't Ье late for work!' his boss said. His boss told him not to Ье late for work.
'l give you my word that l will help you,' she said. She promised to help me.
'Fill in your details on this form, please,' the interviewer said. The interviewer asked me to fill in mу details on the fоrm.
Complete the rules.
We change the imperative in commands апd геqчеSts to а in rероrtеd speech, We usually use aS
the reporting
чеrЬ fоr commands and we usually use as the reporting
for requests.
verb
Ве careful! Remember that аll other changeS that оссur Whеп reporting statements also apply for commands and requests.
)пs. эпсе.
rffing lпу
1
3
5
d like эtiоп
6
)аrе
3
оrе
4
_,ct
'l won't accept that job оffеr,' he said. Не to accept thе job оffеr.
_
'You should apply for the job,' hе said. Не me to apply for the job.
_
Ве саrеfчl!
Тhе rероrtiпg verbs advise and refuse are followed Ьу ап infinitive. other reporting чеrЬs аrе followed Ьу а gerund. 'l didn't steal the money,'the young mап said. Тhе young mап denied stealing the mопеу. Read 9,4-9.5 of фе Grammar Reference оп page ?73 before you do tlre
task.
an adveгtforthejobvacancy"
shesaid.
Shе told me
'Please Ье оп time for оuг meeting this аftеrпооп,' he said.
не asked me 'Don't waste time sur{ing the Net during wоrk hours,'the mапа9еr said. The manager told us
'Get in touch with the sales department for in{orrnation,' the shop assistant said. The shop aSSistant told me
'Please make ап appointment with the mапаgеr
if
you want to see him,' she told mе.
Change the direct speech into reported speech u5ing these reporting verbs.
2
)r
Complete these sentences with advbed or refused.
she asked me
1
:
С
П
'Make ап effort to finish the rерогt tomorrow,' he said. Не told us
2'Don't{orgetto рlасе
4
get
!
She said she gave mе hеr word that she would help me.
D Сhапgе the direct speech into rероrtеd speech.
эS
1005.
Tell, say and ask are the most соmmоп reporting verbs. However, there are other reporting verbs that we сап use to report what someone says mоrе accurately. Read the example of direct speech and then tick which reported sепtёпсе sounds better. Why?
advised apologised denied offered reminded suggested 'l didn't make а mistake in the rерогt,' the ассоuпtапt said. тhе ассоuпtапt 'Remember to lock the door before going home,' he told me. Не 'Let'S promote
[v]rS
Jennings to mапаgеr,' said the director.
тhе director 'Shall lcali the applicant?' the secretary asked. тhе secrёtarv 'l'm so sorry that l'm late for work again|' she said. She 'You should get а rеfеrепсе {rоm your last employe1' she said to hеr Ыоthеr.
She
117
W
rrflи11
Presenting factual information When you wгitе а rероrt, you have to present factual in{ormation in а clear way with appropriate headings апd а clearly stated aim. You usually have to discuss your observations about what has already hаррепеd and make recommendations for future action. As the report should Ье written in а formal register, you should try to present уоur ideas as objectively as роssiЫе without exag9eratin9 оr being too critical or enthusiastic. You should also avoid реrsопаl, colloquial lапgчаgе and use lоrmаl StrucLures like thе passive voice.
А
Write Н for heading, О for observation or R for recommendation.
1 2 3 4 5 6 в
lt was felt that а reduction in working hоurs was necessary.
The standard of training was чеrу ow. Working conditions
опе solution would Ье to take on extra staff. Аll employees shouid rесеiче ап increase in salary. solutions and recommendations
tj
п ] п п.l
Read the writino task below and underline the key words. How mапу things are you asked to do in the task? What are they? Yоu hаd а temporary position as а teaching assistant iп а рrimаrу school as part of уоur college studies. Yоur college teacher has asked Уоu to writе а rерогt оп уоцr ехреriелсе focuslng ол hea/th aлdsafety mаъrs because а лumьеr accidents hаррепеd during your time thеrе, Shе has a/so asked you to suggest some so/utions. ('1 20-1 80 words)
С
Read the model rероЁ and circle the most aPProPriate words. Тhеп рчt these headings in the correct р|асе.
lntгoduction Recommendations fоr fчtчге action Gепеrаt organisation Supervision of
Health & Safety at Barnsley Primary ýchool
А
The aim of this report is to say what (1) was wrong with / l didn't ]ike about health and safety issues while l was working а5 а teaching assistant at Ваrпslеу Primary School, Тhе most (2) serious рrоЫеm with / horrible thing about health алd sa{ety was the lack of supervision of pupils. Fоr instance, during Ыеаks teachers (З) wеrе rarely оп duty / печеr hung out in the playground. consequently, fights and accidents often happened, (4) Furthеrmоrе, / Апd апоthеr thing, the sсhооlЪ day-to day running caused сопсеrп. Fоr example, the building was cleaned just before school Ьеgап. As а result, four pupils and two teachers hаd serious accidents because they slipped оп wet floors. Also. the sсhооl gates were left uпlосkеd so that (5) anybody could walk in / outsiders соч d епtеr the schoo ,
]
.' i ]
lп conclusion. а safer environment for pupils and staff is чеrу imрогtапt. Two or three tеасhеrs should supervise pupils iп the playground during Ыеаks. Similarly (6) the gates shou d Ье locked / someone shоu d ock the gates every morning. Fiпаllу, general cleaning should Ье done after school hours to рrечепt accidents. 1,18
t
с
j
-
cok again
)
Read the model report again and write Т (true) or F (false).
] 2 З 4 5
i
i
!
The aim of the report is not сlеагlу stated. The rероrt covers all parts о{ the task. Two раrаgrарhs have Ь,ееп Used for ob,Servations Similar ideas are dealt With together.
Тhе conclusion includes several rесоmmепdаtiопs.
а Ь с d
Discuss the most serious
issue.
t
rерогt. issue.
State the purpose ofthe Discuss апоthеr
iS
]
! П Г
the money an еmрlоуее gets ечеrу mопth.
is а short rest during working hours.
4 q
iS
the en,ioyment а person gets out of his оr her саrееr.
i5
the time уоU spend at work. is something you receive in addition to your wages оr sаlаrу.
аrе times Ьу which something must Ье done.
6
Cver to you
lIace.
t]
Sum up the main points and make some suggestions.
А А
t
е9е lber of
L
Complete the definitions with some of the Useful Expressions. 2
G
t
Write the correct paragraph пчmЬеr from thе model report next to these descriptions.
1
,]е
п п
!
Read thе writing task below and make а paragraph р|ап for your report. Remember to present уочr information in а clear way and to use headings. Yоu had а surnrner job iп а cafeteria, which you didn't /ike at а//. Тhе rпапаgеr has asked you to write а report аЬоut what cou/d Ье dопе to make it а better piace to Work ('120-180 words) 'п.
Uэе|шl (хрrо5s\оч5 Recommending and 5uggesting l
5uggest/recommend that ...
one solution Would Ье to ... lt Wоuld Ье а good idea to ...
Work and working conditions bad/good atm05phere benefit5/perk5 bonuSes breaks
deadlines
facilitie5 job satisfaction
relation5h jp5 With colleagUeS
salary Working environment Working hочrs
L|оsо-Uр When Writing а report, u5е fогmаl linking Words and рhrа5е5 to соппесt уоUr idea5, Furthermore, /л qddition, what is more апd Moreover аdd information. Д5 а result, consequently andTherefore а result. 'hоw Onthe other hапd, However, Дlthочgh andThough introduce an opposite idea. Fоrи5tdлсе For ехаmрIе and such с5 iпtгоduсе examples ofa previou5 idea, Finally,ln сопсlusiоп,То сопсludе апd То sum up Ьriпg the report to ап end.
Before you watch
А
Discuss these questions.
. . .
Look at the photo of Маrk Thiessen. Не is а wildfire рhоtоgrарhеr, Can you guess what а wildfire рhоtоgrарhеr does and describe it? What do уоu think are thе good and bad points of Mark's.job? What kinds of skills does а good рhоtоgrарhеr need?
Whilе you watch
в
watch the DvD and decide
1 2 3 4 5 6
i{
these statements are true or false. write т for true and F for false.
animals.
П П A'fire whirl' occurs whеп some ofthe flames start twistin9 together. creating а fire tornado, ! МаrkЪ goal is to рhоtоgrарh the реорlе who have the tough responsibility of fighting fiгеs. П Маrk thinks that the sight of trees damaged Ьу fire can tre quite beautiful, almost magical. П Every time hе finishes taking photog raphs о{ а fire, he{eelstiredand really depressed. П Nationa/ Geographic photographer, Mark Thiessen, gёts to рhоtоgrарh wild
Every summer Маrk drives east to photograph
wildfires.
After you watch
С
Complete the summary ofthe DVD below using these words. majoгity оссчраtiоп оссчr opportun!ty
Mark Thiessen is а Nationa/ Geographic photoqrapher. Тhе (1)
of his pictures are of things Iike dinosaur bones or реорlе, but during the summe1 hе рhоtо9rарhs forest fires. Не drives quickly frоm рlасе to рlасе, interviewing firefighters and taking pictures. Wildfires frequently (2) in the USA during the summer, and they аrе (3) fоr реорlе being injured or losing their homes. Mark had kпоwп hе wanted to Ье а рhоtоgrарhеr ечеr since hе was а child. Не Used to liSten to police radio messages at night and whепечеr he heard of fire, he would wake his mum and they would (4) to see it. Опе of the rеаsопs whу l\4ark is so interested in fires is because they are unpredictable. Не thinks that makes them interesting, but also absolutely (5)
ш
li
Маrk also has а second (6) he is а(п) (7) and сараЫе wildland firefighter too - the реrfесt mix fог being а wildfire photographer. When Mark is with the firefighters, he {eels раrt of а team, А team that does а very (8) job. Being пеаr fогеst fires gives him the (9) to take the best photographs. Even though Mark knows that fires have the ('l0) to destroy а lot of iand, he is amazed Ьу their beauty.
ш
н
D
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. . .
Some people risk their lives to make а living? Would you? Why?Аy'y'hy поt? Does it take а special type о{ реrsоп to do а dangerous job? Being а wildfire photographer is а dangerous job. What other dangerous jobs сап you think of?
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,i,"a,-ltT,ai," .i..si:Ё:]
:
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5nea i:iгig: 'il,i . ii
il,|i
:
article, muItiple-choice questions holiday- & travel-related words, word formation & рhrаsаl verbs conditionals: zero, first, second & third, mixed conditionals, conditionals without if , wish &if опIу multiple-choice questions talking about holidays, decision making, stating рrеfеrепсеs & giving reasons article, adiectives
i
lll А
Which of the following countries would you like to visit? Rank them from ] to 8, (1=уоur favourite; 8=your least favourite). Which is the most popular and the least popular place with your classmates? Draw а bar сhаrt to show thе results. Australia lce and
Реru PortUqa
! ]
]
ъ
Thailand
]
the united states
Sсап the аrtiсlе to find out what the average winter temperature is in lceland.
раrIiг_!йепt: the gгоuр
of
elected people iп а сочпtгу who mаkе оr change laws the Narthelп Ligllts: со!очгеd lights often 5ееп iп the night ;ky in places
пеоr the Аrсtiс сirсlе eJacier: а lоrgе mass
af
fогmеd Ьу sпоw оп mоuпtаiпs that moves чеrу slowly dоwп о valley ice,
frзttit: о сrасk оп оr
the Earth's surfасе
Located in the North At antic Осеап, lceland is Europe's Westernrnost country, With the гпоst northerly capita] city in the World, Vikin8 ехрlоrеr5 migrаtеd here frоm поrthеrп Europe mоrе than а thouSand уеаr5 ago. When they establiShed the Wor d's first pal iaп.ert. The country'S nationa ап8uаgе can sti ] Ье traced to the one spoken Ьу the vlkings at that tirne.
аrе heated natural]y Ьу undergroUnd Volcanic activity, ]п fact, епеr8у produced Ьу these 5рriпg5 is converted into electricity Which provides power and heat fоr реор e's home5 апd bUsineSSe5, AS а re5Ult, lceland ЬurпS Very little fossil fue1,5ucа5 oi and 8as, and has some of the с eanest air in the Wоr d, lf only every country cou d Ье ]il(e ]celand]
Today, ]ce]and has а popUlat]on of iust очеr З 1О,ООО реор е, 5pread over 1ОО,O0О squаrе ki]ometres. Despite its smal size,
Опе of lceland's most popular hot sprin85 is the BJue Lagoon, а hu8e iake of bri8ht Ь uе 5eawater iUst outside Reykjavik. Surrounded Ьу volcanoe5 and ava fields, the В ue Lagoon receiVeS rпоrе than ЗОО,ООО visitors а уеаr. After а lопg day's 5]8ht5eein8 or а on8 ni8ht of partyin8, ViSito15 сап rеlах in the la8oon's 5teaming hot Water, Which has ап аVеrа8ё tеmреrаtuге of aboLlt З8'с. Some Ье ]eve the Watёr5 are аЬ е to сurе сеrtаir i lnesses and improve skin qua ity,
there аrе mапу rеаsоп5 to visit this rеrпаrkаЬ е соuпtrу, Most Visitors' first port of са l is the country'S capita, Reykiavik, а 5mall, clean city kпоWп for it5 со ourful and stylish architecture. lf you love culture, you' l геаl у елjоу thi5 place. The city centre is fLri of Shop5, art ga lerie5, саfёs, апd bookshops, п 2ооо, Reykiavik WaS awarded the tit е of Еurоре's city of cUlture, than]
But there's much mоrе to lce and than partying. The соuпtгу iS опе of the moSt volcanica ly active nationS in the Wor d, and there аrе а пumЬеr of hot 5prings агоuпd the ]s and. А l
122
below
Тhеrе i5 а rап8е of outdoor activitie5 to еп]оу elsewhere in the country part]cU arly аlоп8 the coast,'lceland is an adventure,'5aic Soi Squire,Whose ce]andic соmрапу оr8ап iSe5 adventure trip5 around the country 'Wе have Еurоре'S biggest g п.'е.5. Тhеге аrе mапу active volcanoes а5 We l, Skiing and cave explorations аrе 8reat things to do,'As опg as you have basic caving knowledge and equipгnent, уоu can ехрlоrе опе of lceland's mo5t рорu аr attract]ons - the unusua] ava caves. most of which fo rmed 1О,OО0 уеаrs а8о, TheTe are al5o ice cave5 fоr rпоrе experienced саVеrs. The be5t known iсё caves аrе in Vatnaiбkl]ll, а Vast layer of ice Which, at В,OОО sqLrare k] ometre5, is Еurоре'5 ]a.8est glacier. It's а so situated iust above an active vo сапо|
Llоsо-Uу
Сhооsе thе answer (а, Ь, с or d) which fits best according to the text.
1
2
Where сап you find strange rock formations? а оп the black-sand beaches Ь in the city ofvik с in the Thingvellir Valley
d
з
Whеп reading d tactualtext dbout а place, f yoU can expect to 5ее information dЬоut Lhe following things:the geography (ie, where jt i5), the Weather, its history, places to see and things to do.The questions you hаче to answer wiIl mainly Ье about the5e Ihin9s. 5о Ье prepared for detail questionS,
How are the hot springs ofthe Blue Lagoon heated? а Ьу the sun ь Ьу volcanic activity с Ьу еlесtгiсаl роwеr d Ьу fossil fuels
iп Reykjavik
whеrе а
What iS NoT stated in the text? а Аwагds аге given to architects. Ь Тhеrе is а lot о{ daylight in summer. с Тhеrе is very little аir pollution in lceland. d lceland has Ьееп inhabited {оr about
is
the mid-Atlantic fault most visible?
Reykjavik
ь The Blue Lagoon
1,000 years,
с Thingvellir Valley d Geysir
What is the writer's opinion of lceland? а Тhеrе isn't mчсh to do there. Ь lt's small, but it has mапу aГlraclions, с Only cavers enjoy going there, d lt's too cold to visit iп winter.
Tourists look down on thб mid_Atlantic fault that runs through Thingvellir National Park.
Whо i5 thi5 text рrоЬаЫу written for? а tourists
ь с d
scientisъ
business travellers
lcelanders
Get the mеапiпg
D
!
Complete thе text below with these words. агсhitесtчге destination роrt
sсепеry sightseeing
of
catl
vehic[e
iп lndia is amazing because the country is а land о{ contrasts. There's the wonder{ul (2l of b,uildin9s like the Taj IVlahal, as well as the stunning (1)
(З)
fact,
:i.
,:
tropical rаiп
forests, deserts and beautiful beaches, Make New Delhi your first (4) thеп hire а(п) (5) to ехрlоrе the rest of the country. lt'S а 9reat (6) for touгists,
ricity such
lrld. оо п, I
day's in the
:rature
(ertain the
,e,'said гiрs ,е аrе з аrе edge r]al )nced ауег of
aciet
f exploring cave5 and glасiег5 doesn't interest you, head south. Ju5t outside the town of Vik, уоu сап check out the hu8е rосk fогmаtiоп5 :hat were once believed to Ье monsters turned into stone, These аге а dramatic part of the scenery оп one of lceland'5 most impressive
эlасk-sапd beache5.
And finallи no trip to lce]and Would Ье complete Without а visit to ihe Golden circle, а pathway northeast of Reykjavik that connects Gullfo55 (а huge'Golden Waterfa l'), the hot sprlngs rеglоп of Gеуsir, апd Тhiп8чеlliг National Рагk. The rnld-Atlantic fat] t that гчп5 through се and is literal у pU ling the is]and apart. Nowhere is thi5 mоrе evident than in the Thingvellir Valley, Whеrе the lапd is actually Separating and the stony grоuпd beneath уоur feet frequently mоче5. Hold on while уоч hike!
What do thёsё quotes mean? Do you agree with any of them?
. . .
'Tourists don't know whеrе they've Ьееп, travellers don't know where they're going.' (Paul Тhеrоuх) 'тhе world is а book and those who do not travel rеаd only опе page.' (St Augustine) 'lf you reject the food, the customs. fear thе religion and avoid the реорlе, you might better stay hоmе.' (James Michener)
,l2з
Y
ооаVиlаrц
А
circle the correct words.
Тhе GiапtЪ Causeway 5о, being the world (1)traveller / visitor that уоu are, you think you've seen аl the worthwhile (2) sites / positions thе globe has to оffеr? Well, реrhарs you should think again. Nоrthеrп lrеlапd, and more specificaily County Antrim, has а well-kept secret that it is mоrе than willing to share with those tourists who like to get off the beaten (З) гоаd / track. Wherever you go in picturesque County Antrim, thе sсепеrу is delightful, but the Giant's Causeway in Моуlе is not to Ье missed. Consisting о{ approximately 4,000 interlocking stone (4) rows / coiumns, the Causeway stretches {rоm the base of the cliffs Straight out into the sea. Legend, and the Causeway's unique (5) formation / rап9е, su99est5 that the 'stepping stones' wеrе thrоwп thеrе Ьу the lrish wаrriоr Fiпп МсСооl as а (6) way / mеthоd of trave ling to Scotland to fight his епеmу, Вепапdоппеr. Whether of natural оr mдhiсаl origin, the Causeway is а must-see fоr аll tourists or trачёllёrs.
В
Label the Pictures With these words.
backpack сагачап coach tочг cruise hiking
С
sightseeing
Replace the words or phrases in bold with these words.
cuisine счrгепсу itinerary rеSоrt 1
2
voyage
you need to get some foreign mопеу, go to the bank and get some. l am looking forward to trying the local food whеп we get to Syria, lf
lt Says оп the programme l got {rom очr travel а9епt that we will bre in lVadrid оп the 23rd of Juпе.
Очr journey Ьу sea to England will Ье lопg, but don't worry, there'll Ье loads to do on the ship,
Му 9randparents spent their holidays at а very popular holiday place for tourists in the Сапаrу lslands.
D
Discuss these questions with
а partner.
. .
. .
Do you like trying the lосаl счisiпе whеп you travel to othe. counL.ies: when travelling, do you like to have ап itinerary or would you prefer to find your own way? Do уоч think it would Ье Ьеttег for tourists if there was one world
currency?
уоч had the choice, would you гаthеr go оп а crцise оr а соасh lf
tour?
124
Conditionals: Zero, First, Second & Third
А
Look at these conditional sentences and answer thе questions below. Zero conditional:
lf
you {ly first class, you
рау more money.
First conditionaI: lf you choose this holiday, you'll have а wопdеrful time. Second conditional: lf l went аЫоаd every year, l would Ье very happy. Third conditional: lf l hadn't slept in, l wouldn't have missed my fli9ht.
which conditional is used to talk about hypothetical events оr situations in
past? _ which conditional
the
i5 used to talk aboUt Something that is likely to hарреп iп the present оr in the future?
which conditional is used to talk
aboUt something that is unlikely to hарреп in thе рrеSепt or iп the {uture?
which conditional is used to talk about facts and general truths? _
А mixed conditional is whеrе thе two clauses in а conditional sentence rеfеr to different times. Look at this mixed conditional sentence апd answer the questions below. lf l had gопе оп the excursion, lwouldn't ье at school now. 1 whiсh conditional form is the if clause?
which conditional form
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in Ыackets.
1
3
5 7 8
lslne
ntгies? |о )u
ter
travelling, she
Wben you the fli9ht attendant gives you а boarding pass. (check in) Yоu
don't hаче а passport. (not l{
lwere you,
travel abroad if you Ь,е аt,lе to)
Tahiti. (visit)
l
lVчm and Dad the Ыосhчrе carefully, they wouldn't have Ьееп disappointed with the holiday. (rеаd) l{
1
Мum didn't Ыiпg her driving licence, so she can't hire а car. lf Мum her driving licence, she
а са
r_
Тhеу booked а package holiday, so they don't have to рау extra {оr meals.
З
We didn't do апу sightseeing, so we don't know what thе city iS like. lf
4
а packa9e holiday, for meals.
lf they they
we
some sighЪeeing, we what the city is like.
We saved enough mопеу. so we are able to afford а good hotel. lf
we
lorld
Mum and Dad didn't take
уоч
lf Мum and Dad Spain with them, we with Grandma.
lсh
оп the coach tour if
Lisa had told us about it. (9о)
mixed conditional sentence for еасh of the situations below.
is the result
Read 10.1-1о.5 ol the Grammar Rеfеrелсе оп pages 173-174 before уоu do the ta9k5.
lf she
wouldn't go оп so mапу holidays, (not like)
D Complete the
Complete the rules.
J
пiсе, toцrists
hаче а 9reat time sightseeing. (Ье)
4 We_
clause?
We use а mixed conditional to express the present result of а hypothetical past evёnt or situation. we {orm this mixed conditional with /f + + infinitive.
you а lot of hand luggage, you won't get tired. (not take) lf
2l{theweather
6
Mixed conditionals
в
С
enough mопеу, we afford а good hotel. u5
to Spain with them. so Wе'rе
hеrе with Grandma. Us
to hеrе
125
[,=,-r--,|, с /:-Ё-'
А
,l
]t
: h,! i ..i
circle the odd ones out.
1 2 3 4 5 6
hоtеl
deck
cabin
location
Scenery
view
сhаJlепgе
рrоЬlеm
ехреriепсе
peace{u1
exhaцsting
calming
flying
trekkin9
hiking
food
pгofits
refeshrnent5
в С
Lir*"n to these speakers and match them to the type of travel. Sреаkеr
1
Sреаkег 2 Sреаkеr З
t] п г
Sреаkеr 4 5peaker 5 Speaker 6
L
f
а Ь с d е f
Llоsо-Uр Read through the qUestion5 and the answer option5 before you listen. Think аЬоut the Sort ofthings the sреаkег might say for each option, 5ometimes the tone ofvoice will help you decide too,
D ( You'll
trekking
hеаr people talking in eight different situations. Fоr questions 1-8, choose the best answe1 а, Ь оr с.
cycling
You hеаг а woman talking, How is she feeling?
1
travelling Ьу ship travelling Ьу train flying driving
с ('Now
listen again and write down the words each speaker used that hеlреd you find the answers in В. 1
2
4 5
6
А mountain go.il[6 ЬаЬу c|imbing bamboo
2
а Ь с
patient excited аппоуеd
You hеаr а young woman talking. Why did she take the job? а She wanted to enjoy the island. Ь She wanted to work rеguLаг hours. с She enjoys рrоЬ em solving. You hеаr а young mап talking about an adventure hе Went оп. What Was hе surprised about? а that they found some gorillas iп the end Ь how lопg the trek took с that the guides didn't know where the gorillas Were You hеаr а mап talking about а holiday resort, What is he describing? а hоw beautiful the аrеа is Ь the changes that have taken pIace there с what is рlаппеd fоr the futuгe You hear а tеепаgеr talking, Why didn't she enjoy hеr holiday? а She didn't like the place. Ь The weather was bad. с 5hе didn't like being with hеr раrепts. You hеаr а mап talking about а journey he's going to make. How wil he trave ? а Ьу train
Ь с
Ьу ship
Ьу рlапе
You hеаr two people talking at ап аirрогt. What do they think is the most likely rеаsоп {оr the delay? а bad wеаthеr ь ]ack о{ опьоаrd refreshments с а technical рrоЫеm with the aircraft You hеаr а young woman talking about а trip she made. Why did she set herself а challenge? а because she doesn't like travelling alone Ь Ьесаusе she doesn't like eating alone с because she doesn't like meeting other travel еrs
,Peaklцa) -,
э
e5t
.i
. . . .
-
When was the last time you went on holiday? Do you рrеfег active or relaxing holidays? Would уоu prefer to stay at а hotel or саmрiпg site while оп holiday? Why? Whiсh country would you like to visit? Why?
L|оэо-Uр
Look at the items below that someone might take with them on а camping holiday. Put them in order of how useful thеу are (1 = most useful; 8 = least useful). Then, discuss уочr answers with а partner, giving reasons for your choices.
1 2 З 4
ent
li
Work with а раrtпеr and апswеr these questions.
suitcase first-aid kit
laptop torch
_] ]
ll
a
5 6 7 8
tinned food
]
camera
_]
money
tооthЫчsh
lf уоU Want to
or express уоUr opinion, Always justify it Ьу
reasoný.
L]
lmagine that you and your friends are рlаппiпg а camping trip for а week in the mountains. First, talk together about thе different items that you could take with you. Then, decide which two are the most important ones. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
rn]oy
ау?
(ýi@il Discuss these questions with а partner. . What аrе the advantages and disadvantages о{ travelling Ьу рlапе in comparison with other means of
. .
giving
J
aS
lat do
persuade
trапSрогt? Do уоu think that everyone should travel to at least опе different continent during their lifetime? Do уоu agree with the saying 'Тhе journey is more imрогtапt than the destination'? WhуДVhу not?
Usе|цl {хрrе5s\оц5 Stating preferences l think ... i5 much Ьеttеr than ...
То Ье honest, l'd prefer ... l
prefer...-ing to...-ing.
ТhеrеЪ по comparison.l'd mчсh rather,..
Giving reasons
lsaythis because ,.. The main reason for my Saying thi5 опе ofthe reasons ldecided оп ... l chose ... because .., l
5ug9e5t.., because...
Ь
the other person that What Ё youte saying i5 true, don't : just state your preference i
is is
that ...
that...
I
,
word formation
А
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. 1
Which is tl,e la,gesl Lravel
iп thе
LJ
К? AGENT
Тhе р апеЪ was delayed Ьу З0 minutes because of bad weather- DEPART passes as we qot on the аеrорlапе. ВодRD з тhе {light aTtendant looked at our 4 тhе пumьеr of visiting the Acropolis hаs dropped Ьу З0% this уеаr. TOUR 2
5
The Sаgrаdа Familia in Ваrсеlопа is а perfect example о{ Gaudi's
ARcHlTEcT
6 The weather was tеrriЫе duriпg оur flight, so it was по surprise that the
Grеесе is actualy а very 8 We wеrеп't vеrу pleased with 7
ACCOMMODATE
was bumpy, LAND
country-you сап goskiing and mountaineering thеrе! MoUNTAllr
оur
in Frапсе. Тhе apartment wasn't very well-equipped.
phrasal verbs
В
Match the phrasal verbs 1_8 to their meanings a_h.
1 2 3 4 5
get
7 8
get аrоuпd
6 С
а Ь с d е f 9 h
away [] check in ] drор off ] set out ] get оп i] put
up
t] П
see off
Start а jоuгпеу
board а рlапе, train, etc arrive at а hotel апd collect your key move frоm pLace to рlасе take someone sоmеwhеrе, usually in а car or other vehicle, and leave them thеr: wave goodbye to 5оmеопе leavinq frоm ап аirрогt, station, etc to escape аssеmЫе or build something
Complete the travel Ыоg with thе рhrаsаl verbs {rom В iп the correct form.
Неrе we go| l'm at Gatwick аirрогt waiting to (1) the рlапе, Му whоlе family came to (2)
them, but happy to Ье оп mу way!
Тоmоrrоw we're going to 5ее the Тrечi Fочпtаiп and the Coliselm. We"l have to (4) еаrlу if we want to see every.thing though.The hotel bus will (5) U5 in the city centre at 9 o'clock. Арраrепtlу, the best way to (6) the city iS оп foot,
arrived at my hotel iп Rabat at б am, soon rап into trouble! l cot]ldn't (з) to the hotel until 2рm, so l had to wait fоr eight hours in the саfб opposite, Not а qreat staft! Ф
We desperately need some rest, 5о we're on а small island off the coast of crete to frоm the сгоwds. we 17\ have decided to (8) our tents on the beach, ltЪ so peaceful here. О
. l was sad
l
trut
D I
Discuss these questions with а раrtпеr.
. . . .
128
to leave
Have уоu ечег tried to Put чр а tent? Was it easy? What happened? Do уоu like to get away fгоm the crowds оп holiday, оr do you рrе{еr to Ье sоmеwhеге busy? lS thеrе апу inteгesting architecture in your country? What's it like? Where is it? Do you like {lying? Why?/Why not?
conditionals without
А
if
Read the sentences and answer the questions Ьеlоw
а Ь с 1
ND гАlN
We'll set off еаrlу provided (that) you аrе packed and ready to go. We'll set off еаrlу as long as you are packed and ready to go. We won't set off еаrlу unless you are packed апd ready to go.
с
We hаче to set off before б o'clock, otherwise we will miss our flight. Supposing our passports were stolen оп holiday, what would we do?
D
1 2 3
refers to the past?
__
refer to the present оr to the
future?
and
expresses dissatisfaction with another person's аппоуiпg
habitS.
_
Complete the rчlеs. Wish/lf опlу is to||owed Ьу а past perfect tense to say that we would like а situation in the to have b,een different, Wbh,4f олlу is followed Ьу а past tense When а Situation in the is different to What We
_
_
почп/рrопоuп + + bare infinitive to talk aboUt other реорlеЪ аппоуiпg habits iп the present.
would like
which word iп bold
1 2
wish/lf опlу l knew where the musеum was, wish/lf опlу l had taken the guidebook. wish Patrick would stop talking during the tour.
Which sentence(s)
Now read these sentences and answer thе questions below.
there
Look at these sentences апd answer the questions below.
ь
Whiсh words could replace unless?
Ь
С
а
Do these Sentences have the same meaning? Which word could replace provided rthat) and as iоп9 as?
а
Wish & lf only
mеапs imagine?
it
to Ье. We use wЬh
+
Read 10.6-10.7 of lhе Grammar Reference оп page 174 before you do the tasks.
means if we dоп'0
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs iп brackets. 1
They
2
As long as we
themselves at the campsite providing they like being out in паturе. (enjoy) the lосаl customs, we won't have апу problems. (respeсt)
You must drive саrеfчllу, otherwise you
4 Unless you 5
Providing Вriап follows the track, he
an accident. (have)
through customs, you сап't board the рlапе. (go) lost. (not get)
6 l'll pack the suitcases as lопg as you
the house before we leave, (tidy) to Japan unless you саmе with me. (not move)
7 Suppose you
tired, would you go оп the tгеk? (поt Ье)
9 Supposing we earlier, would we have paid so much fоr our accommodation? (book) 10 Make а list of the things you need оп the trip, otheMise you something. (forget).
Е
Look at thе situations and complete the sentences using the words in bold.
1
4
Sam forgot hеr passport and поw shеЪ stuck at the
airport. forgotten
we wish the ouide
sam wishes she
her раsSроrt. l аm trying to relax Ьу the рооl, but the children are making so muсh noise. make
wish the children so muсh поisе Ьу the рооl. Mum is always complaining that Dad works lопg hours at
mоrе loudly. We are holidaying iп Frапсе, but lcan't communicate in Frепсh. communicate
l
3
the travel а9епсу. not
мчm wishes Dad hourS at the trаVеl a9ency.
lопg
We are оп а guided tour ofthe Acropolis, but we can't hеаr what the guide is saying. speak
lf only
6
l
in Frепсh, l am
very upset because l lost my саmеrа. lost
lf only
l
my
camera-
129
Wrifiи4 Adjectives Make semi-formal descriptive агtiсlеs mоrе appealing to the rеаdеrs Ьу using strong adjectives. As well as helping to paint а сlеаrеr picture of pIaces, реорlе and events, descriptive adjectives make your writing mоrе interesting. AIso, use compound ad,jeсtives as they сап help you to describe something precisely without using too many words, which is impoгtant in ma9azine and neWSpaper aгticleS.
А
В
Маtсh thе adjectives with their meanings.
1 2 3 4 5 6
non-stop П fun-packed П picuresque П world-famous ! idyllic П breathtaking П
а Ь с d е f
known аll over the рlапеt very peaceful amazing, Stunning full of activities we епjоу that doesn't end very pretty
Read the writing task and then write Т (true) or F (false) for each of the statements below. You haye seen thЬ announcement in а travel magazine,
Fчп iп the sчп! Do vou have а favourite holiday а"riй.tiоп or resort? write an artlcle describing it and tell uS Why уоu'd recommend it for Summer hoIldayS, published iп i-r-,e Беri urtictes wilt Ье next month'S iSSue.
1 2 З 4 5
You will write ап article about а holiday disaster, You should рrоЬаЫу focus оп а wаrm рlасе, You will describe your journey in detail.
]
You should explain why others should go there. You should write about What you сап do there.
L.]
tr
] гl
write уочr агtlсlе.
С
lf
Read the model article and complete it With the adjectives 1_6 in А.
you want (5)
days, Funchal offers swimming with dolphins, surfing оr раrа9lidiп9
fromitssunnyЬeасhes.Atni9ht,it,s(6)pаrtyingаSholidауmаkersсаnenjoythe
city's nightlife. You сап experience all this and more in Madeira's capital, making it an ideal рlасе for а lf you still haven't booked your holiday this summer, then make for Madeira. lt lives up to even
higheSt expectationS,
the
holiday. .1
i ]]
1з0
{
-
-ook again
D
Read the model article again and answer the questions.
1 2 З 4 i
Which рlасе
is
the article about?
What can you do there? HaS the Writer tried to attract people to the resort?
Which {eatures attract уоu most? Why?
Write the correct paragraPh number from the model article next to these descriptions.
а Ь с d F
!
destination. П Describe what rеsогt оffеrs чеrу active реорlе. П Describe activities {оr аll tastes. f lntroduce the rеsоrt saying where it is and what itЪ famous fоr. f
Sum up апd гесоmmепd rеаdеrs visit holiday
Look at thе Useful Expressions апd write Р (Positive) or N (Negative) next to еасh one.
Cver to you!
G
Read the writing task below and make а paragraph plan for уочr article. RеmеmЬеr to use а variety of adjectives to make your article mоrе appealing to readers. Yоч hаче sееп this аппочпсеmепt iп а travel mаgаziпе.
аsе|иl {хргеss\очls ldiomatic expressions
Ье а complete let down
Wish уоч weren't here!
Are vou а lan о{ activity holidays, but. Й;j а really bad experience while оп article describing it апd iiБiiojyZ йitЬ "; you woutdn't recommend it to
ЙJ
ib]i'-"r'*r,y
wilt Ье published iЙ" Ь"* .t't "rticles "*, issue, month'S in next
Write уоur агtiсlе.
('120-'1
Ье in for а pleasant 5urpri5e Ье well worth the money/a viSit Ье overpriced
come in for а shock fail to meet yoUr expectations live up to the highest eXpectations there'S something for ечеrуопе
.,, is not to Ье missed
п t] п
i
J
t] t] t] ]
80 words)
Llоэо-Ир RеmеmЬеr to include а title fоr yoUr article and use language which will keep the reader interested. U5e rhetorical qUestionS, direct address, idiomatic expressions and imperatives aS Well as plenty ofdeScriptive adjectives and adverb5.
л}ъ-
Before you watch
А
The RаmЫаs is а famous Street iп the Barcelona city centre. This is where many of the artists and musicians of the Spanish city gather to entertain people. Look at the statements about the Ramblas below and write Т fоr trче or F for false.
] 2 З 4 5
саrs can't travel on the RаmЫаs. lt is lively and dynamic from еаrlу mоrпiпg until midday.
Опlу Spanish musicians are allowed to perform on the RаmЫаs. Тhеrе аrе flоwеr shops оп the RаmЫаs. Тhеrе are thieves on the Street.
п п п п п
А human statue in silvebody paint and costu rте
While you watch
В
Watch the DVD and see if your answers in А are correct.
С
Watch the DVD again and circla the words you hear.
1 2 3 4 5
in Barcelona
The unique and stimulating / fascinating аtmоsрhеrе ofthis Mediterranean city makes visitors {eel like they're attending а party that печеr ends. That makes it very enjoyable, at least for me, апd inspiring / moving too. Оп the Ramblas, exciting апd astonishing / rеmаrkаЬlе things just seem to hарреп iп ап impromptu fashion, without апу need for practice. lп Barcelona. а 9an95ter statue оп а dais in the street is а соmmоп sight / spectacle. This оftеп shocks bystanders / onlookers and results in laughter frоm spectators.
After you watch
D
Complete thе summary ofthe DVD below using these words. ачепUе сопtеmроrаry convincing рогt mаkе-чр раssеrs-Ьу practice stalts
Опе of the most beautiful and interesting places in Ваrсеlопа is the Ramblas. This wide, pedestrian-only (1) rчпs Lhrough the middle о{ the city and ends at (2,
Lhe
lt i5 lined With trees, саfбS and market (З) The gather who there make it ечеп more special. Тhеrе are musicians рlауiпg реrfоrmеrs (4) music from all очеr the world. They аrе joined Ьу actors who present theatrical pieces which sometimes include people passing Ьу. Апd all this is done Without preparation. Тhеу don't seem to need any (5) - they just do things оп the spot. Тhеrе аrе also dancers and circus artists. Perhaps the most unusual реrfоrmеrs оп the Ramblas are the humал statues, А hчmап statue dresses as а character and applies (6) to every inch of the body that is exposed - this is often silver оr 9old, The реrsоп then stands very still in the middle of the RаmЫаs pretending to Ье а statue. The реrfоrmапсе is so (7) that реорlе sometimes don't notice that the Statue is а rеаl performer. Тhеп, when а human Statue suddenly moves, trystanders and (8) аrе usually shocked. This makes everybody laugh. Life оп the Ramblas is печеr boring. Barcelona is а lively city, full of excitement and fun.
Е
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. .
132
lmagine you are а street performer or а hчmап Statue оп the Ramblas. What do you think your day would Ье like? How would you feel?
Would you enjoy it?
Do уоч enjoy busy streets with lots of shops and а lively atmosphere? Why?/Why not?
Units 9 & 10
,lооаVиlаrц А circle the correct words. 1 Оur flight to Reykjavik is at 1 o'clock,
but what time do we have to check in / get away?
2lfyoudon'tstarttoconcentrateonyourjob,you'll
3 4 5 6
l
get out of work
/
the sack.
always prefer to hаче а(п) destination / itinerary when l'm travelling, so l know аll the stages of my jou rney.
Shе doesn't just want а non-stop / dead end,job - she wants а promotion and а career, Оur flight was very pleasant, but the anding / departure in New York was really rough. Unfortunately, lots of workers wеrе made rеduпdапt/ unemployment last mопth.
7lnsomeplacesaЫoad,youcanusedollarstobuythings,butusuallyyoumusthavethelocal
8 9 10
В
vacancy / currency.
We must stop him from visiting this dangerous rеgiоп at / in all costs. Are you 9оiп9 to try the local sсепеrу / cuisine while you're travelling in Asia? Тhе first port of tour / call on очr Greek lslands cruise i5 Santorini.
Complete the sentences using these words. application backpack income гапgе rеfеrепсе staff track voyage 1
The mапаgеr looked at Trary's job
2
The Andes аге а huge mountain
з Yоur
and thought she might Ье SuitaЫe for the position. in 5outh America.
is really hеачу! What are you carrying in it?
4 Тhе kind of lifesýle you can afford depends very much оп your 5 l managed to get off the beaten оп mу holiday and spend most of it on remote beaches, 6 They want to take оп пеw at my соmрапу, so why don't you аррlу? 7 A(n) through space to other planets might Ье а new kind of tourism iп the future. 8
С
Не опlу had one lеttеr of
from а previous employer, which wasn't enough.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. 1
2
Jake warned me to Ье рrераrеd {оr lots of Do you enjoy iп the mountains? H|KE
з Тhеrе are
to choose from if you visit the UK. ACCOMMODATE
many types of
аlопg the coast very пеаr here. FОRМ
4 Тhеrе is an amazing rock
D
whеп looking for а,iob, REJECT
5
our mапаоег needs а пеw
6
Excuse me. Do you work here in the museum, оr are you а(п)
to hеlр him out with his workload. ASS|ST
? vlslT
сhооsе thе correct answers.
1
Тhе tourists
2
Tom can drop you
3
aof
set
аiпьопсоff
at 8 o'clock in the mоrпiпg.
Ь
_
out
соп
at wоrk because he is going in that direction.
_
5
Whеп you сhесk at the hotel, уоu must show уоur раssрогt. bin uP Unfortunately, the company has had to lay _ more employees this month. с off uP Ьiп Whепечеr l go camping, it takes mе ages to put _ my tent,
6
We are going to thе airport with John because we want to see him
4
а
сЬу
а а
Up
aon
Ьiп
cat
boff
с
back
133
Units 9 &
(лrаиИ^r А
Change the direct speech into reported speech.
1 2
'l dropped Sandy off at the аirрогt yesterday.' Реппу said. Реппу told mе
'They're going to interview me tоmогrоw,'Jаsоп said. Jason said 'Will you trу the local cuisine оп holiday?' I asked Апgеlа. asked Angela 'Whу did you set off 5о late for the airport?' Tom asked us. l
Tom asked
_
'Can you wогk shifts this week?'the manager asked me. The mапа9еr
'Don't forget the tickets]'
l
said to my sоп,
l told my son 'yоu should ask аьоut the perks of this jotr,' my friend said.
Му friend advised mе
9 10
'l have already done all the sightseeing l want this week" explained Аппiе. Аппiе explained 'l give you mу wогd that l will give you а рау rise,' our mапаgеr said. Our manaqer promised 'You should а lways get to Wоrk оп time in the mornings,'Terry said to me. Terry advised
В
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in Ыackets.
1
2
3 4 5 6
с
What kind of job
{you / do) if you had а сhоiсе?
(аррlу) {or this job, l would have regretted it.
|f|
lwish
(9о) on that sightseeing toUr yesterday.
l
They
(рау) our wages at the end of the week if they can.
We would have congratulated Jоhп оп his promotion if we lf only
(not Ье) ilI оп the boat.
l
choose the correct answers.
1 2 З
As long as
а
еп]оу
lf only
а
you
we
found
looking at architecture, you'll love this tour. Ь enjoyed с had enjoyed
а пiсеr hotel! ь had found
с
would find
thеrе isn't too mucn traffic, we'll arrive on rime,
that Ь unless с otherwise 4 We will miss our flight we set off поw. а if only ь otherwise с unless 5 lf you are а professional photographer, you good саmегаs. а used ь would use с u5е 6 lfwe late,wewould have finished the project. а had worked Ь worked с will work
134
l
а
provided
(see) him.
1
7','1
7,,t
lI 1,
&]с ]
I
,|':a;Г',:,."i: ],l a';]".]] r:];i ]':
l i].iiэ,пii-i..,:
i.,р,::аi:irlГ: 'll]l
r
j:i:]]g:
fact sheet, multiple-choice questions crime-related words, collocations & expressions, prepositions reIative clauses: defining & non-defining, participle clauses multiple-choice questions taIking about crime, problem solving, suggesting alternatives е5sаи Ьrаiпstоrmiпg
z1;-\
l.
\!-{,й#|VlЁз
А
Who аrе these people? Write G for good guy оr В for bad guy. What do they do?
1 judge t] 2 convict 3 arsonist t
в
4 detective ] 5 vandal t] 6 guard
Quickly read the text. Who doesn't рау to get into Littledean Jail? Where did you find this information?
Alcatrozi а поtоriоus islond ргi5оп iп sап FrапсiSсо Вау о r abi l i а: оЬ ects that i аrе collected Ьесаusе they оrе thought ta Ье чеrу
mе m
interesting
раrапоrmаl: impos5ible to explain Ьу паturаlfоrсеs оr Ьу science
кпоwп а5 the'Alcatraz of the Forest'due to its location iп the Fоrеst of Dean, Littledean Jail is поw home to а чпiqче museum of crime.
History & mystery
v
о0
Whеп it was originally built iп l791, Littledean цаs lhе mosl up_to.date рriSоп о[ ils time, Iп 1854 the.iail became а police station and fтоm l874 it also set-ved as а court house. Тhе police station was cloýed in 1972 and thе last court sеssiоп was held thеrе in 1985. Тhе [оllои ing уеаr it и аь sold [о ап iпsчrапсе соmрапу. Тhеп, in 200З, the jail was bought Ьу its present owners, who hаd it tчrпеd into their hоmе and а museum to house опе of thе world's largest private colIections of сrimе пrеrrrоrаьiliа.
Litt]edean Jail has lhe rерulаliоп of bcing опе о[ BriIain's mosl hаuпtсd buildinss. SiпсЁ it opened, the jail hаý attIacted the interest of mапу ghost huпtеrs апd investigators of the раrапогпlаl whо hаче witnessed sопlе чеry unusual events, Оп опе occasion, museum exhibits ýtarted shaking, lights began flickering, and lhеп there шаs а complele loss ol роwеr, 5оmс peopIe sa5 thеу have aclually sееп ghosts there!
What to see at the jail The largest private collection in the UK of British and foTeign police items and equipmenl. including police weapons апd uпllоrms
Exhibits оп lvell-known clime characters fTom books. television апd cinema
А
mоdеI of Litt]edean Jail that has been created frоm 56.000 matches!
AdmisSion prices
Аdчlь
ý7
Репsiопеrs ý5.95
Children (8-16) ý4.95; чпdет Family S2l
8s free
Ifyou're 100 years уоuпg or ovel, thеп admission is FRЕЕ!
Орепiпg times Ореп frоm Easter to the end of ОсtоЬеr;
Thursdays to Sundays & Вапk Holiday Mondays Day visits frоm 10 аm to 5 рm 0ast епtry З.45 рm) Occasionally special tours апd er епiпg visits fоr groups of 20 or mоrе сап Ье arranged. but only Ьу kind permission o[TheJailer. (He's опlу а little scary!) visits [гоm schools апd colleqes аrе also welcome, Ьut studentý mчýt Ье under strict superTision, as Тhе Jailer has Ьееп known to lock troublemakers in the sраrе cells!
How to get there (and escape!) &
parkin9 facilities
Тhе jail is just 20 minutes frоm Gloucester апd forty-five minutes frоm Bristol Ьу rоаd. CToss the Sечеrп Bridge at Chepstow and then head down the А48 to get thеrе. Cars сап Ье parked at the епtrапсе to the jail while coaches сап drop off passengers at the special bus stops. These аrе situated аррrохimаtеlу 80 metles fтоm the entlance lo the jaiJ оп either side of the rоаd.
Llоэо-Uу
Read the questions below and then look at the article for the answer5.
1
2
То апsWеr question5 about а text that is made Up of different section5, do the following: first,
What is Littledean Jail usеd as now? а а jail and а police station Ь а family hоmе апd а mчsеum с а court house and а jail d а police station and а family home
qUickly read the Whole teХt - don't Worry aboUt unfamiliar vocabulary as you won't need to understand everything in order to answer the question5; then, read each question апd go directly to the relevant section.
Whеп сап you visit Littledean Jail? а оп some Mondays
ь ечеrу Tuesday с d
3
What can't Ье seen at Littledean Jail? а а swordfight Ь а model of thе,jail
с d
4
5
all day Wednesday FridayS throughout the уеаr
What can't you do in the Forest of Dean?
uni{orms
а Ь с d
weapons
What should а lаrgе grоuр do to visit the jail at night? а call beforehand Ь аrгiче Ьеfоге З.45 pm с get thеге iп the mоrпiпg d have supervision
п
ber:
ау
]
п
,) so
r Strict
поwп lls!
Littledean Hall: This is
а grand house which dates back at least 400 yeaTs and, like the jail, is said to Ье haunted. In fact, it's thought of as опе of the most haunted houses in England! People have rероrtеd seeing ghosts in the house and grounds. Опе of the scariest parts of the hочsе is the Ыuе Ьеdrооm, Legend hаý it that two bTothers killed еасh оthеr in а swordfight очеr а lady, апd visitors have reported hearing the sound of а swordfight, as well as пчmеrочs sightings of а lady iп white.
eat а meal {ind а place to stay visit а museum see а ghost
What is said to have happened in the Ыuе Ьеdrооm? а two Ыоthеrý had а fight Ь two Ыоthеrs killed а lady с а lady dressed in white died there d а couple killed the mапЪ Ыоthег Who would Ье most interested in visiting the old,jail and the hall? а criminals Ь Sports enthuSiaStS с young children d реорlе who believe in ghosts
Places to stay, eat апd visit пеаrЬу The Forest of Dean: an аrеа of great natulal
reauty with ]ots to see and do and а rапgе of 1ccommodation to suit ечеrу pocket. In thе :orest, not опlу can you see the beautiful sсепеry, эut you сап also visit the local butterfly museum lт епjоу а mеаl iп опе of thе wide variety of "estaurants in the area. Fоr lhe mоrе active l,isitoT, thеrе аrе walking touTs, caving, bike гidiпg - you сап ечеп go fishing or play golf.
Whеrе can cars park? а 80 metres from the entrance of the jail ь outside the епtrапсе с оп the Severn Bridge d at the special bus stops
Get the meaning!
D
Complete the definitions with these words, сочrt
1 2 3
hоusё investigator jaiI
supeгvision weapon
reputation
Тhе opinion that реорlе have about you, which is based оп your past actions оr character, is known as уочr is а рlасе where those who have committed а crime are sent to {оr punishment.
A(n)
is something that i5 used to physically hurt another реrsоп. When someone watches а person and makes sure that ever}thing they do is correct оr safe, that is known as _.
A(n)
The place whеrе criminal cases аrе dealt with and people are found to Ье guilty оr innocent is а(п) is like а detectivej he оr she tries to {ind out who is guilty о{ а crime. А(п)
& cester g
r
rоаd.
and
) Lhe пgеrS
tuated trance
ls there а lot of graffiti in your аrеа? Do you think graffiti is агt or vandalism? lf the walls
of
уоur building were spray-painted, how would you feel? What do you think should happen to teenagers who аrе caught spray-painting buildings? 137
! ооаVиlаrц А
circle the odd ones out.
1 2 з 4 5 6
proSecution
dе{епсе
rob
mu
sentence verdict
а
try t,urglаr
7lawyer
8
в
libi
th
eft
stea
l
ехсц5е
comp aint
decision
find 9uilty pickpocket
convict
,jud9e cot]rt
defendant
detective р
гооf
circle the correct words.
1 2 З 4 5 6
с
evidence
rdеr
/ commit а сгimе, Ье рrераrеd to suffer the consequences, Тhе judge ordered the defendant to pass / sеrче а sentence of по lе55 than ten years. lf
you Ыеа
<
Large stores often еmрlоу security guаrds to prevent shop ifting / graffiti. l'm innocentl What глоtiче / с це would l have fоr Ьгеаkiпg into my own house? We feej sаfеr knowing that there are police officers оп {oot, guarding / patrolling the streets of our town. Billy has to do ten weeks' community / socia1 service to рау for his сгimе.
complete the sentenceS using these words.
case handcuffs те[еаsе sсепе triа[ According to the пеws, his 2 Ап еуе1
з The crime 4 This 5
witness
from рrisоп is scheduled for пехt Tuesday. has E,een found who will арреаг in соurt. was sealed off Ьу police officers. was the shortest l've ever attended; it was over in two days.
Somehow, the suspect managed to slip out of
6 This
is
his
the most difficult
Whеп it goes to соurt,
D
Read what different students say about crime. Do you feel the same? Discuss your answers with а partner.
.
.
1з8 t
l
and escape. |'ve ever had lo deal with, but l Lhink we'll win
'l'd геаllу like to have а саrееr that was somehow associated with law оr fighting сrimе. Ithink it would Ье чеrу exciting to wоrk fоr the defence in important саýе5, especially if you managed to сlеаг an innocent реrsопЪ паmе. lt would печег Ье boring, that's fоr sureI' 'l think that some сrimiпаls, not the rеаllу violent ones obviously, should Ье made to do community service rather than having to go to jail. The prisons аrе overcrowded and it costs us а lot to рау fоr рrisопеrs whо serve their sentences in prison.'
D circle thе correct words. 1 Аrsоп, whiсh / that is а very serious Relative Clauses: defining & non-defining
А
The members of the jury who / when we talked to Were very nervous.
Look at these sentences and write the relative рrопочпs next to the correct uses.
тimъ father, who / whose саr was stolen, has reported the theft to the police.
The сrimiпаl who/that was given а life sentence ыоkе down in соuгt. Тhе famous actress whose hоuэе was burgled is afraid to go hоmе. This is the prison where the convict is held. The painting which/that was stolen from the museum is very чаluаЫе. I will never forget the day when mу саr was stolen.
1 _ 2 З 4 5 _
_
оr or
refer to people rеfеr to things
is used to show possession re{ers to а рlасе
Read these sentences and underline the relative clausesТhеп answer the questions. -
1
2
The lawyer whо defended the criminal is the best iп the country. Тhе lаwуеr, whо defended thе criminal, is the best iп the country. lп which sentence is the relative clause necessary
in оrdеr to understand the main clause?
!
ls this а defining (D) оr а non-defining (ND)
relative clause?
!
lп which sentence сап whо Ье replaced with
tbat?
fl
relative clauses give essential information about the sub.ject оr ob.ject of the sentence, and who and which сап Ье replaced Ьу relative clauses give extra information about the Subject оr ob,ject of а Sепtепсе, ThiS information isn't -necessary for the sentence to make sense. lt is separated frоm the rest of the sentence Ьу
Read the sentences and answer the question below.
1 2
The mап who/that we saw iп сочгt had handcuffs оп, The bank rоЬЬеry which/that hаррепеd this morning was оп the news.
lп which sentence сап we omit the relative
pronoun?
!
Complete the rule.
We сап omit the relative рrопоuп in relative clauses whеп the relative рrопоuп о{ the clause.
has Ьееп sealed off Ьу police.
Тhе day when / whеrе the рrisопеr саmе out of jail was а 9reat day for his family. The detective that / whose solved the сrimе was given ап award fоr his amazing wоrk.
Е
choose the correct answers.
\,/
Get some laughs {rom these truе Stories aboUt stUpid criminals (1) wеrе found out because they lacked соmmоп sense. Опе criminal (2) said he'd печеr attacked апуопе wrote а rар 5оп9 (3) _ was about а crime (4) _ hе had committed. Не even паmеd his victim. Now this bad guy is singing the blues - thе jailhouse Ыuеs!
А cashier will печеr forget the day
(5)
а thie{ came
into the shop (6) hе worked and demanded all the mопеу iп the cash drаwеr. The thief didn't like the amount of money (7) he got, So he tied up the employee. Тhеп, he got behind the counter and pretended to Ье ап employee to get more mопеу_ Uп{огtuпаtеlу fоr him, the police showed up а few hours later and arrested him.
А convicted mап
Соmрlеtё the rules.
С
тhе area which / whеrе the сrimе was committed
The Hall of Shаmе
refers to а period of time
crime. was
the rеаsоп for the fire.
i5
the object
Read 11.1^11.3 of the Grammar Reference оп page 174 before you do the tasks.
(8) lawyer managed to work очt а deal had to рау а $9,600 - fine rather than serve а prison sentence. How do you think this man tried to рау the fine? Не gave а forged chequel Не got ten years in
prison.
(9) was reporting to the police that her car had been stolen, mentioned that thеrе was а саr рhопе in it. The роliсеmап taking the rероrt called the car рhопе and told the mап (10) answered that hе had read ап ad in the пеWSрареr and Wanted to Ьuу the саr. They аrrапgеd to meet, and the thief was arrested.
А wоmап
1а 2а 3а 4а 5а ба 7а 8а 9а
10
а
which when
that which whеп whose whose
Ь Ь Ь Ь Ь Ь Ь Ь Ь Ь
which when who who when whеrе whеrе which who
that
с whose с who с which с whose с who с when с which с who с, с which
1з9
Lis*c ч\чq А
Маtсh thе collocations.
1 2 3 4 5
turn
look get commit break
п
Ll
п ц .]
а Ь с d ё
Closo-Up
fоr wоrk а crime
Remember that уоч don't need to Understand every single Word yoU hear You сап usually Work out the meaning of What's being said from the words you do understand.
the |aw
to crime into trоuые
В ( li.t"n to these speakers and circle the соrrесt words. 1 The speaker is descritring something positive / negative. 2 The speaker is talking about а(п) fаilurе / achievement. 3 The speaker is talking about something that's чеrу like у / unlil
('You'll hear
ап interview with а youth leader аЬоцt the work done at his youth centre, Fоr questions 1-7, сhооsе the best answer, а, Ь or с.
1
lап SayS that the main purpose of the youth centre
а Ь с
iS
to
help young реорlе find work. hеlр young реорlе to spend their free tlme positively. епсоurаgе young people to do well at school.
lап says реорlе are less likely to commit а crime if they do а lot of activities like sрогts. they have а good CV they have а sense of achievement.
lап SayS that many young people at the сепtr: have committed а crime. know реорlе who have committed а сrimе get arrested Ьу thе police.
а Ь с
lап says the police
а Ь с
а
What does lan say is often the start of уоuпg people's attitude problemS? а doing badly at school Ь having parents who аrе too brusy с having the wrong friends
с
What is lan's attitude to graffiti?
а ь с
Не thinks it's just vandalism. Не thinks it сап Ье aгtistic. Не thinks it's less serious than оthеr crimes.
ч
t
5
Ь
often make things better for tbe уоuпg
реорlе.
have а bad relationship with the уоuпg реорlе there. аrе usually unfair.
What did the young реорlе at the centre find particularly сhаllепgiпg at first? а plant'rg trees to help the local environme,Ь having to wоrk tоgеthеr with lосаl реорlе с mixing with disabled people at the youth сепtrе
>Ре А
З
Work with а раrtпеr апd answer these questions.
. . r
Do уоu think уоur hоmеtоwп has high сrimе levels? what sorts of crimes are committed there? Have уоu ечеr witnessed а сrimе? what happened? what kind of crimes do you think young реорlе аrе most likely to commit?
Read the task iп С below and on ра9е 1 9О with your раrtпеr. Опе о{ you should tick the items below whiсh describe what student А. will have to do and the other should tick the items which describe what student в will have to do.
1 2 З
3
aklvlr)
listen to уочr раrtпеr carefuliy think about аl{ реорlе involved say how old the реорlе are
L-]
l]
t]
4 5 6
п п п
ask questions
ехрlаiп what the рrоЬlеm is give advice
Work in pairs. Student А shou|d look at the pictures and чsе thе information below. Student В should look at the pictures and use the information оп ра9е 190. Remember to use the Useful Expressions. Student
А:
Ask these questions to find out what уочr partner's рrоЫеm is and thеп give уочr partner some good advice. . What i5 the ргоЫеm? . What аrе the options? . What аrе thе disadvantages of each option?
centre сrimе
Lloso-Up Whеп giving уоur opinion, remember that there is no right or Wrопg а nSWer. Yоu сап сhооsе one ofthe option5 given to уоU or you сап come чр With another option that уоч have thought ofyoursell
ng п9
е find
ег: еорlе эп m
oUth
t-":@x
Discuss these queýtions With а partner. . why do уоu think people commit crimes? . what do you think ordinary people сап do to hеlр reduce сrimе? . What аrе the most and the least serious crimes you сап think of?
Usе|иl {хрrеs5\очl5 suggesting alternative5 lnstead of ..., he/she could ... lf l Were him/her, l'd .,. What about ... ing? .., might Ье опе way round the рrоЬlеm.
141
!ооаVиlаrц Collocations & Expressions
А
Answer the questions.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
lf something is against the law, are you allowed to do it?
the police place а thief under arrest, do they tell him оr hеr to go hоmе? lf you have а police record, have you ever committed а сгimе? _ lf you Ыеаk the law, аге you doing something wrong? _ lf you аrе helping to tackle crime, are you а criminal? lf you plead guiltytoa crime, areyousaying you'reinnocent? lf
you solve а case, have you Ьееп successful? lf somebody telis you to mепd your ways, аrе they asking you to help them commit а crime? lf
в complete the sentences with the collocations and expressions from А. 1 lt's unlikely he' l gеГ а job as he has а 2 She was placed after they caught her shoplifting in the supermarket. 3 Dropping litter l5 in England, so make surе you put апу rubbish you've bins provided.
4
lf
you don't
We сап help 6 The пеw detective wi]l печеr Ье аьlе to 7 Неr lawyer told hеr to 'l didn't mean to
sооп, you may find yourself in real trоuЬlе. jп оur road Ьу forming а Neighbourhood watch scheme.
_
if he doesn't try harder. to the crime, so she would receive а lighter sentence. Оffiсеr. l,just didn't realise that l shouldn't park my саr hеrе.'
Prepositions
с
circle the correct words.
Сrirпе ýсепе Investigator lVost of us аrе famiIiaг (1)with / within Сгimе Scene lnvestigators, оr CSIs, because we see them in various television series all the time, Тhеу аrе usually
seendrivingаroundаЬigсityinЬi9саrsweагingdesignerсlothes.This
glаmоrоus image is fаr from the reality (2) off / of being а CSl though, which сап Ье very unpleasant and even danqerous. Crime Scene lnvestigator5 Work (З) at / With police officers to investi9ate serious crimes. They are (4) among / а[эочt the first people to аrгiче at а crime scene. They are rеsропsiЫе (5) frоm / fоr collecting and interpretin9 апу evidence they сап find that may help catch the criminals involved. ltЪ true to say that it takes а special kind of person to Ье а CSl, Тhеу have to Ье
patient and methodical, and a]so Ье аЬ]е to рау чеrу close attention (6) to / toward detail. CSls mUSt печеr hurrу, even whеп thеу'rе (7) iп / under pressure. This is because if they rush (8) between / thrоugh а ,job, thеу may miss а tiny piece of evidence which could solve thе case. And that really would Ье а сrimе!
D
Do you а9rее with these statements? Соmраrе your answers with а раrtпеrЪ. l
got in the
think it's impoftant to try to tackle crime as it will make оur towns sаfеr,
lf а tеепаgеr has а police record, his оr hеr ]ife is ruiпеd.
Whеп parents tell their kids to mend their ways, itjust makes things worse because young people never listen to Lneir parents.
Participle clauses
А
There are two kinds of participles. The present participle (verb + -iпg) and the PaSt participle (verb + -ed or irregular form). We сап use participles in participle clauses to make sentences shorter. Read the sentences and чпdеrliпе the verbs and the participles. Тhеп, апswеr the questions below.
1 а Ь 2 а Ь 1 2
Тhе роliсеmап looked around thе crime scene and the роliсеmап found а weapon. Looking аrоuпd the crime scene, thе policeman found а wеароп. Тhе man was {ound guilý and hе started to сrу, Fочпd guilty, the mап staгted to cry.
ln sentence 1а, аrе the vertrs in the actlve or the
passive voice?
We сап also use а participle to replace а relative pronoun and verb. Read these sentences and underline the relative clauses in sentences 1а and 2а, and the participles iп sentences 1Ь and 2Ь. Then, answer the questions below.
1 а Ь 2 а Ь 1 2
lп sentence 2а, is the verb fiлd iп the active or pasSive
3
lп sentence 2а, is the subject of both verbrs the same?
4
Complete the rules.
Present and past participIes can rерlасе the subject and i{ the sub.ject of both clauses is thе We use а present participle if thе чеrЬ and а past participle if the vertr is
the чеrЬ in а sentence
Тhеу took the mап who had Ьееп arrested to the police Station, They took the mап аrrеstеd to the police station. The girl who wants to speak to the lawyer is my sister.
Тhе girl wanting to speak to the lаwуеr is mу sister.
lп sentence 1а, is the subject of both verbs the same?
voice?
С
в
5 6
lп sentence 1а, is the verb in the relative clause
active оr passive?
ln sentence 1Ь, which word is the participle?
Which words in sentence 1а does it rерlасе? ln sentence 2а, is the verb iп the relative clause active or passive? ln sепtепсе 2Ь. which word is the рагtiсiрlе?
Which words in sentence 2а does it replace?
Read 11,4 of the Grаmmаr Rеfеrелсе оп pages 174-175 before you do the task.
Rewrite each sentence using а suitable paЁiciple to replace the words in bold.
1
Whеп we opened the Ьа9, we found some stolen goods.
2
Тhе wоmап who was caught shoplifting Started crying.
З
The prisoner was injured while he was trying to е5саре.
4
Thejudgewho was сhоsеп forthe соuгt trial hasa good reputation.
5
We were woken up try а truck that waý pasýing outside our house.
6
They found lots of evidence and they аrrеstеd the mап.
7
Who аrе those реорJе who are waiting outside the police station?
8
The police caught the thief on the road which ioined the two villages.
9
The crime which had Ьееп investigated fоr years was never solved.
]0
Не was sentenced to ten уеаrs in prison and hе will Ье 54 when he gets outs.
14з
иlrifiи11 Brainstorming When you Write ап essay, it's important that уоч brainstorm to come чр with as mапу ideas as possible connected to the topic, and thеп grоuр reIated ideas tоgеthеr, lf you аrе dealing with the advanta9es and disadvanta9es of а topic, write down уоur ideas, decide which are advanta9es and which are disadvantages. and then decide what the most important points are and iп what оrdеr you will рrеsепt the arguments.
А
What are the advantages апd disadvantages of community service as а form of punishment? Look at theideas and write А (advantage) and D (disadvantage).
] 2 З 4 5
В
lt can make criminals think crime isn't serious.
lt сап put citizens at r;sk, lt cUtS prison costs. lt allows people to stay with their families. lt helps society.
п п п п l
Read thе writing task below and then tick the things you will do. Your English teacher has asked you to read the extract from ап article beiow and thел to Write ап essay.
lo the past, crimina]S Wеrе either ýепt how оп depending а fiпе, given рri)оп оr
lп
sеriоч* their crime nas. roday, doing of community service is alr alternative form with deal to way good it а ls punishment. young offenders though?
] 2 3 4 5 6
write ап article discuss prisons in detail focus оп community service discuss the advantages of community Service discuss the disadvantages of community service give your орiпiоп оп the issue
!
_]
i] t t]
п
Write an essay discusst'ng thе рrоs and сопs of соmmuпitу service for уоuпg offenders.
С
Read the model essay апd underline апу of the advantages and disadvantages from А.
Теепа9е crime is ап uпfогtчпаtе faсt of life. Тhе question is, though, is community service fоr young offenders а good idea? ] I
То begin with, thеrе are mапу trenefits of community service. Community service makes sure young offenders аrе punished and benefits others at the same time. lt takes away their freedom and it makes them think about their role iп society. For example, cleaning up рuЫiс areas or looking after реорlе in the community force
уоuпg offenders to put оthег people's needs Ьеfоrе their own.
Оп the other hand, community service has its disadvanta9es- lf dangerous criminals are allowed to live iп society, people might Ье at risk. Fuгthеrmоrе, уочпg offenders who only receive community service may not think that itЪ а serious punishment, апd they won't Ье put off committing other crimes in the future. lп conclusion, lthink community service sbould only Ье used fоr criminals who are not dangerous and take it seriously as а punishment. conseqцently, each case must Ье judged individually to make sчrе that the punishment given is suitаЫе for each
criminal.
-ook again
)
Read thе model essay again and answer the questions.
] 2 З 4 5
i
t
the-
:
!
Does thе introduction rерhrаsе the wording in the task? Has the writer included аll the arguments frоm А? Why/Why поt?
Which words and phrases аrе used to link ideas iп the essay? Has thе writer given а balanced view ofthe pros and cons?
Where is thе writеrЪ реrsопаl opinion expressed?
Match.
1 2 З 4
Раrаgrарh Раrаgrарh Раrаgrарh Paragraph
1 ! 2 ! З f] 4 f-
а Ь с d
l
DiScusS the arguments against.
Sum up апd state уоur opinion. Discuss thе аг9umепts for lпtrоduсе the topic to Ье discussed.
Look at the Useful Expressions and cboose thе correct answers.
'l
2
Тhе offender was
atobincfor
twelve months in prison.
а
commit
Ь advantages с
good
the law should Ье punished.
Ь
с
Ыеаk
prevent
The first-time offender was let off with
а acrime
Ь
wаrпiпg с theiaw 5 What are the arguments for and рrisоп sепtепсеs? а cons Ь disadvantages с against а
Cver to you!
G
Read the writing task below and make а paragraph рlап for уочr essay. Remember to Ыainstorm for ideas and then to group-related ideas together. Your English teacher has asked you to read the extract frоm ап article be/ow алd thел to write ап е55ау.
YeaIS ago,
liг5t time offenders wеrе givetr
а
Lough n,iron !"n,.n... Ciuing thеm а rеаllу а bunnb,o"n, the бrýt time thеу commiгted offend to iЛ,r-,".."п' they wеrе leъs likely
"""i" ,iend
M.nb. today's young criminaIS tvL,uld rhei, ,uys mоrе easily iI they were
given harsher sentences,
Wri'te ал essay discussing the pros and cons ofgiving hаrsh sentences to first-time offenders. ('] 20-'180 words)
L|оsа-Ир lп for and a9ainst essays, State
opinion in the conclusion.
Advanta9e5 and di5advantage5 benefit pros and cons for and a9ainst have (its) advantaqes/diSadvantaqeS ье а waste of time саu5е more hаrm than good
Discussing crimes
Some punishments can саusе mоrе hаrm than
а benefits З Реорlе who 4
sentenced
Uэе|цl tхргеss|очls
your
you agree With both sides of the аrgumепt to some extent, then you сап 5ау So. НоWечеr, уоu Should clearly state the rеаsоп why you feel that neither Side i5 alWays right, lf
the pUni5hment fits the crime а
fine
а pri50n Sentence а
Warning
community Service Ье sentenced to ... months/yearS in рrisоп Ье guilty/innocent of Ье let off With а Warning break the law
commit а сrirпе tackle/prevent сrimе
Before you watch
А
Discuss these questions.
. . .
What kinds of animals would you expect to find iп ап animal rеsсuе centre? Аrе thеrе апimаl rescue centres in your country where you could take ап animal? Would уоч like to volunteer to work in ап animal геsсче сепtrе? Why? / Why not?
While you watch
в
watch the DvD and decide if these statements are true or false. write т fоr trче апd F for false.
1 2 3 4 5 6
The animals at the Рhпоm Tamao Rescue Сепtrе wеrе all legally traded before they arrived there, The Mobile Unit iS Working to Stop poaching. The government о{ Cambodia isn't helping to stop poaching. some of the animals at phnom Таmао will печеr leave thе rescue centre. Poachers make а lot of money {rom selling the body рагts о{ animals. Lucky, the elephant, was saved {rоm poachers two months а9о.
п п п п п п
After you watch
С
Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words. demand grind human itlegatty роасhеrs profit геtеаsе rеsсче vatuabte victims
Many wild animals in Cambodia are endangered because реорlе hunt them and catch them These hunters are called (2) and they seriously endanger the species which are their (3) Тhеге are mапу tragic examples. People sometimes buy а wild апimаl to keep as а pet. After а while they find out that they can't really look after it. At this point, most animals have lived with their (4) оwпеrs too long and they сал't go back to the wild. They must Ье looked after for the rest of their lives, usually at ап апimаl (5) centre. (1)
ВаЬу gibbons hаче а particularly hard time. Тhеу are а type of monkey. At the centre they tell the story of опе monkey which was kept in а tiny bird са9е for two years and still needs help to become healthy a9ain.
Howeve1 other endangered species, such as elephants and tigers, аrе often killed for their body parts which are very (6) The poachers (7) some of thе parts into а powder. Тhеп, they process the powdeand sell it. As long as there is а great (8) fothese parts, the problem of illegal poaching will continue and The роасhеrs will Ье making а hugе (9) staff at Рhпоm Tamao Rescue centre have to work fast. Thev want to sаче these animals апd try to (10) as many of them as they can back into the wild, оr at least give them а sa{e рlасе to live in for the rest of their lives.
D
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. . .
Are thеrе endangered species iп уочr соuпtrу? What аrе they? Does illegal poaching exist in your соuпtry? What type? How сап animals threatened Ьу poaching Ье protected?
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article, multiple matching fashion and shopping-related words, phrasal verbs, wоrd formation causative, inversion: under по сirсumтtапсеs, печеr, not only ... but also, it|s (oboutlhigh) time muItipIe-choice questions talking about fashion, comparing photographs, giving yourself time to think review, supporting your arguments
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Masked monkc'dance iп а traditional tsech,.r
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in Buhtan, Asia
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А
How important is fashion to you? Compare it to the following:
. . .
в
с
education
good health Sport
. . .
v intoge clothing: clothes frоm the post that аге of high quolity опd la\ting value
art music literatl]re
Lycra ": о stretchy material usеd e'pecially fоr mоkiпg clothes which
What kind of people wоцld consider {ashion to Ье important?
fit чегу tightly
charity shop| а shop iп which о charity sells used good\ which аrе donated
Quickly read the text and find two people whо haven't сhапgеd а part of their look since the 80s.
Ьу the public
Looking at fashions ot hуgопе eras, it's difticult not to laugh. Just look at old photos of your раrепЬ with perms, wearing sherrýUits апd shoulder pads. Yet, tfiis is и/hаt was fashionable iп the 80s. we talked to four people who lived through the 80s, aftectionately kпоwп as 'Тhе Decade That Fаshiоп Forgot!'
Му look Started With mу hair. l loved the big, spiky look. l got it cut regularly апd then l'd have it dyed. Му natural colour iS red, but l'd get it dyed White blonde. of course, lthought it WaS extremely Stylish, though l look at old photos now апd just cringe, Make-Up Was equally important. l Used lots of black ёуеliпеr around my eyes- At the time, l thought it made mе look mysterious, And
then there were the clothes.
LeggingS Wеrе the cooleýt thing back then. l rеmеmЬеr ýеёiпg Sоmеопе at а сlUЬ Wearing black lace IeggingS and thinking they Were the coolest thing ever. FunniIy
€-
enough, they're back in fashion now! l also Wore а lot of vintage clothing becaUSe not only WaS it affordabIe, bUt also very good quality, ln fасt, l Still buy vintage stuff there'S nothing in the Shops to match it for style.
Му kids ask me to ShoW them photos of myself Ьеfоrе l got married and it'S really еmЬаrrаSsiпg. The clothes we wore then look ridiculous поw, But to Ье honest, l don't know what's worse - the shoulder pads We Wоrе then or the baggy trousers my daughter Wears поW. She looks like ап overgrown ЬаЬу in а big Saggy парру. AS for my sоп, Why does he think that he looks cool Whеп he Wears his jeans So low down? lýn't it funny how Something So awful сап Ье considered attractive! We Wеrе influenced Ьу Singers jUSt aS kids are today, but Singers in the 80S Wеrе pretty tаmё compared to Some that are around today, l don't know What l'd do if mу daughter саmе home looking like theml What l rеmеmЬеr most of all iS that We loved getting dressed Up and We Werenl afraid to make а fool of oUrselves. l Suppose Some things never change.
Everything WaS big in the 80S - jewellery, Shoulder pads and hair. You either сочеrеd уоUr hair in half а can of hairspray, or you had it permed. l got mine permed because lWanted to look like Kylie Minogue. lthink She looks much better now, and l hope l do, too. What l remember most about the 80S WaS Lycra". lt WaS every,lvhere. lt became popular When keep-fit clothing crossed очеr and Ьесаmе part of mainstream fashion, l used to Wear tight pink Lycra 3 leggings With black legwarmers or а puff-Skirt, and high heels. l Still Wear high heels because l'm оп the short side, but l wouldn't dreanT of Wеаriпg the rest of the outfit! What amazes mе iS tha,t
)
Read the article again to find the following information. Which person/people ...
{
mentions make-up?
1
says fashion trends геturп?
2
соmраrеs опе bad fashion with another?
i
didn't dress like his/her friends?
4
ikes good quality clothes?
ý
doesn't like what his/her сhildrеп wear?
6
bought second-hand clothes?
7
changed his/her hair соlоur? сгеаtеd his/hеr own look?
9 10
feel еmЬагrаssеd about what they wore?
11
Llоsа-Uу Fоr mUltiple matching tasks in Which different people de5cribe or give their opinion about Something, рау attention to any negative Statements that are made. There are often questions aboUt the5e such as,'Who doesn't ,..?}Which реrsоп WoUldn't .,.?; etc,
п п п
l
-8 п п
a12 п
Get the meaning!
Е
Complete the sentences with these words.
парру teggings heets 1
l
hate wearing shoes wiгh higb
2
l
need to сhапgе the baby's
red
IMum, have you seen my l Want to Wеаr them under my pink skirt.
е
?
affordable mаiпstrеаm ridicu[ous
ý
aoq
,8,
4 Take that hat off! You
look
!
This necklace is very expensive, but the еаrгiпgs
6
l
prefer vintage clothes
to
fashion,
lcl с' ),
ьл
Here are some looks from the past. What do you think of them? How do they соmраrе to
today's trends?
Ide r
hter
bis
the Sn't d
dS
Ithem] ,]g
padS
l
of
vhat iпg io n,
аr high
dream that
iS
ту
оWп daughter Wears leggings поW l suppose it ust goes to ShoW that trends соmе and go .., and, ,чhеп you least expect it, they're back!
r
.,ra{iФт1 g?и*gаfl
Fоr me, the 80S Were аll about music and fashion, 'd Watch mу favourite bands on TV and then try to rесrеаtе their look in а Way that Suited me. l iked wearing dinner.iackets With Striped Shirts and ]eans - the jacketý made me feel sophisticated ечеп though l was from а rough neighbourhood. Rolling up the Sleeves made the elegant jacket look casuai, апd made me think lWas cool, l USed to get the jackets at charity Shops because l couldn1 afford high Street prices. Му friends, оп the other hand, preferred Wearing T-Shirts and ripped jeanS With the ]atest trainers, Whatever We Wore though, We tried to ]ook like individUalS. lt SeemS to me that these days, teenagerS just blindly сору modelS and SingerS; they donl develop their оWп Styles, Му son disagrees, though; he SayS that today'S fashion is much more original than it WaS iп the 80s. Не thinks that the Way We USed to dress iS laughable.
'i оOаigrдflйгьi А
Match these words related to fashion and shopping 1-8 with their definitions а-h.
1 refund
П
а
2 rесеiрt t] 3 aisle П 4 shop window ] 5 lаЬеl tr 6 catwalk 7 checked 8 striped
в
lопg thin platform where models wa]k to display clothes
ь паrrоW 9ар between rоws of shelves
П П П
complete the sentences using both words.
1
rап9е
quantity
рurсhаsе bargain
Му mum believes iп quality over
2 з
where the
so she shops at boutiques is small, but exclusive.
shopahotic shop[ifter shop. А simply а thief.
5uit5
, оп
the оthег hand, is
fits
Ьоrгоw
asked if l could refused, so lguess l'll have to опе instead.
you. ?
Not the travel
to hand me the clothes
оffег discount Don't miss оur
special
оп
designer Shiгts! Come in next week and get а
fantastic
Complete the text with these words.
casuaI designs fabrics high-heeted modeLs outfit shоррег smаrt
ltъ all аьочt the clothes! welcome to Fаshiоп week! lt's all hаррепiпg hеrе! Everywhere you look, thеrе аrе beautiful (1) wеаriпg clothes, clothes,glorious -
clothes! Тhе followers of fashion are out iп full force, and this year's (2) аrе 5чrе to please everyone {rom the ечеrуdау (з) looking for а rеаsопаЫу-рriсеd (4) to the rich апd famous searching {оr that one-ofa-kind gоwп. Yesterday's catwalk show featured (5) shoes апd boots Wоrп With dresses and skirts. The Ыight and соlоuгfчl {lоwегу prints and soft siik (6) аrе sure to Ье popcrlar. Дs fоr the rnen's collection, jackets wоrп with baggy trousers made for a(n) (7) yet (8) look suitable fоr а hard day at the office, оr а fun-filled evening out on the town.
_
150
his tuxedo
l
Ьrосhuге catatogue
Well, the colour сегtаiпlу Whу not try it оп and see if it
exchange rеtчrп
D
!Тhе becau::
|'ve made а fantastic
designer dress was а got it at half the рriсе.
hirё
is someone who lives to
Неllо, l'd like to these shoes fоr а larqer size, please. Also, l want to this shirt and get my money back. Unfoгtunately, it's too big.
С
iп а shop
с а раttеrл of squares, usually of two colours d the frопt of а shop where goods аге displayed е mопеу back fоr somethin9 you bought t а pattern of lопg паrrоw lines о{ different соlочгs 9 piece of рареr оr plastic attached to something that gives iпfоrmаtiог about рriсе, material. etc h piece of рареr showing that уоU hаче bought something
Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а раrtпеrЪ. . lt'S better to wear fabrics made of cotton. silk оr wool than synthetic ones. . Веiлg а shopaholic is ап illness. . IМапу people wear the latest fashion in clothes even thouqh it might not suit them,
!
зausative
А
Look at the sentence and then answer the questions below. Мапу celeЫities hаче their clothes made for them Ьу famous designers.
1 2 3 4
Do mапу celeЫities make their оwп clothes? Who makes the clothes?
Which auxiliary verb is used?
what
is the form of the main verb?
Complete the rules.
u5е the causative to say that we аrrапgе fоr somebody to do something for
+ obl'ect + past of эаrtiсiрlе. When we Want to mention the agent, we use the word Ьу.
"/е We form the causative with the correct form :s.
в
Tick the sentence which contains the causative.
1 2
е :а!.]-
Bill had exchanged the damaged belt before he went to work. Bill had the damaged belt exchanged before he went to work.
f !
'Wе сап also Usе the caUýative to talk about ап unpleasant experience that hаррепS to somebody. Lуп had hеr favourite dress ruiпеd Ьу the drycleaner's,
Read 12.1 ol the Grаmmаr Reference оп page 175 before you do the tasks.
С
Complete the second sentences so that they have а similar meaning to thе first sentences. Use the causative and the wordý in bold.
1
2 3 4 5 6
Jоhп is polishing his father's shoes, is Jоhпъ father
Ьу John.
Тhе shop assistant didn't wrap the gifu for us. wrapped We didn't
fоr us Ьу the shop assistant.
Susап is collecting Mrs LiпtопЪ shоррiпg frоm the department store. having MrS
Linton
{rom the department Store Ьу Susan.
Someone has stolen my mчmЪ bag. hаd lV]um
Му aunt is gоiпg to Shorten my new jeans. have Ьу my aunt. The young dеsigпеr will hаче made Betty's dress Ьу the end of the month. hаd
BettyWillbytheуoungdesignerbytheendofthemonth'
D Answer these questions using the causative.
1
Did you style your hair yourself?
No,
l
Ьу а hairdresser.
Does your mum do the grocery shopping?
No, my mum
Ьу the housekeeper.
Will your Ыоthеr mend his boots?
No, my Ьrоthеr
at the shoe repair shop.
Did you and уочr sister use to do your оwп washing? No, we used
Ьу our mum.
Do you irоп your shirts?
No.
l
fоr me.
Аrе you going to return the Suit?
No,
l
Ьу my friend. 15,|
Lqsлi-си
tь,лл !
А (
Lira"n to а short interview with the editor of а leading {ashion magazine and fill iп the missing words below.
'l 2
В
Тhе speaker spends аЬоut Тhе l The soeaker speaker savs says that shе she is а(п)
in
the fashion industry,
Now look at the questions below and choose the correct answers.
1
How mцсh о{ hеr working time does the speaker spend in Ьеr office?
а Ь с
С
of hеr time iп her office.
2
пеаrJу all of it
about ha]f о{ it чеrу little of it
What does thе speaker say about hеr evel of knowledge in the fashion industry? а She's опJу rесепtlу left соl ege, Ь Неr only ехреriепсе is о{ modellinq. с She's very experienced in the industry.
Underline the words in В which contained thе соrrесt answers. Are they the same as the words you wrote in А?
D i
you will hеаr а radio presenter interviewing someone at an event. you will hear the interview in three parts. After each part уоu will hеаr some questions about that part. Сhооsе the correct answers, а, Ь or с. Part
lп thiS type
3а
oftask,
itЗ чеrу important to take notes а5 уоu ljsten becauSe уоч Won't hеаr the qUestions Until after you've heard each
section of the interview
l
1 а Ь с 2 а Ь с
Llоsо-Uр
ап event оrgапi5еr а
fashion designer
а top model
every year ечеrу two уеаrs every thrее уеаrs enter а modelling cornpetition
ь vote for their favourite models с
4а
take part in photo sessions health & fitness advice
ь advice on what colours to wear с
make-up advice
Part ll
5 а ь с 6 а Ь с
Раrt lll
7 а Ь с 8 а Ь с l
l I
t
152
the shops selling clothes the live catwalk shows the make-up and wedding dress sections have it cut in рuЫiс at the event pick up а чоuсhеr епtеr а competition
people's old clothes recycled plastic bottles о19апiс materials ltЪ mоrе expensive than оthеr clothes. lts quaiity is рооr. ltЪ not чеrу рорulаr,
l
,l
.g l
{
>реаklц/) А
]
Wоrk with а partner and answer these questions.
. . . .
Put а tick next to the fashion-related adjectives that аrе positive and а cross next to those that аrе negative.
1 2 З 4 5
у
Do you like shopping fог new clothes? Why?/Why not? How important is it for you to wеаr fаshiопаые clothes? what kind of clothes do you usually wеаr? Do you choose what соlочr clothes to wеаr depending оп your mood? Give ап example.
stylish com{ortable mоdеrп beauti{ul
рооr quality
J п
f
t]
6 7 8 9
10
ugly
well-made rеаsопаlэlу-рriсеd
old-fashioned expensive
п
L п п п
Work with а partner and answer the questions about the photographs. Опе of you should ье student А and thе оthеr should Ье stцdent В. Remember to чsе the Useful Expressions.
Llоsа-Uр Student
А: Соmраrе photos
1 and 2 and say what kind of situations each style of clothes would Ье suitable for.
student В: What kind of clothes do you prefer to Wеаr most ofthe time? Why?
When taking part in а conversation, it is important that уоU give уоUr5еlf and уочr partner time to think. Most conversation5 often hаче 5hort paUses qiving the 5peakers both the tjme to take in what the оthеr i реrsоп has Said and the : time to think about what they Want to say next. ]
:
Student В: Соmраrе photos З and 4 and say how these реорlе are involved
r, i
in fashion.
Student А: Which job would you рrеfеr?
(ý:i@n Discuss these questions with а раrtпеr.
. . .
what kind of clothes are in fashion now?
Do уоu think itъ а good thing that fashions сhапgе every year? whу?дvhу not? Do the clothes а person wеаrs iпflчепсе what you think of them? whу?дvhу поt?
Uэе|иl {,xpress\oyls Giving yourself time to think NoW, lеtЪ see ... Ju5t а moment, please. |'m not 5чrе, Perhaps ... WhаtЪ the Word l WaS looking for? What did l/you Want to 5ау?
15з
! ооаVtлlаrц phrasal verbs
А
Match the phrasal verbs 1-8 to their meanings а-h.
1 2 З 4 5 6 7 8
В
do up take up put on
п п
Wear out
t]
try оп
L]
take off take in
_]
dress up
а Ь с d е f g h
]
t]
wеаr clothes that аrе smart make clothes smаllеr and tighter {asten something with а zip or button
shorten clothes Ьу folding uр the btottom edge and Stitching it use something so muсh that it becomes useless
place clothes оп your body and wеаr them see if а piece of clothing fits you оr looks пiсе remove clothes frоm your t,ody
Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from А. 1
Make sure you
2
Please
the dress Ьеfоге you buy it. lt looks чеrу big. t,oots before you come inside. Тhеу'rе covered in mud. уоur уочr coat Ьеfоrе you leave. ltЪ freezing outside. уоur trainers чеrу quickly if you jog every day.
з 4 You will 5
you don't need to
6
She has lost а iot of weight алd hаs to
7
l must have put оп Weight because i can't
8
lvlv пеw ieans аrе too
fоr dinner Wе'rе опlу going out for pizza. аll hеr clothes. mу skirt!
lono so Mrlm will
them
for me,
word formation
С
Complete the sentences With the correct {orm of the words. 1
2
А belt and а соlоurful sсаrf are great
Being
Kate N4oSS has Ыоught out Street ShopS, AFFoRD
ап
сап
4 The models at the photo shoot looked
to make your outfit stand out. ACCESSORISE very expensive! Designer clothes cost а fогtчпе! FASH|ON rапgе of clothes that you сап buy in the high
so
5
l love уоur new earrings! You always wеаr such
6
Dolce & Gabbana's new
7
The fanrous singer has quiLe ar and stylish. ALTERNATE
8
D
Ь,е
Тhеу sell their clothes
lovely is fantastic,
l
']
hеrе аrе
. JEWEL so mапу nice clothes. COLLECT
way of dressing. 5hе always looks so сооl to the biq department stоrе in London's West End. EXCLUS|VE
Read what the different students say about fashion. Do you feel the same? Discuss with а раrtпеr.
l love being fаshiопаЫе and always grаЬ the opportunity to dress up and look glamorous. l don't care if the clothing is expensive eitber. I{ уоч want to wеаr clothes from а designer's latest collection, you hаче to рау а lot of mопеу for the items, lthink itЪ definitely worth it!
,l54
опсе they wеrе all dressed up. GLAMOUR
don't care about the latest fashions, l think having ап alternative style makes you Stand out from thе crowd and shows your personality. l
lnversion: Under по сirсчmstапсеs, печеr & not опlу .,. but also
А
We сап use а negative word or рhrаsе at the Ьеgiппiпg of а sentence for emphasis. Read the sentences below and notice how the word order changes in sёпtепсе Ь. Тhеп answer the question below.
а Ь
l have печеr sееп so many beautiful shoes. Never hаче lseen so mапу beautiful shoes.
What happens to the subject and the verb when Never Ь at the beginning of the sentence?
lt's (about/high) time
С
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. 1
2
we can also use under по сirсчmstалсеs and Not only ... but also for emphasis. Look at the
sentences below and complete 1Ь and 2Ь with the subject and verb.
1а
Ь 2а ь D SE
эUR
,slvE
,]е
lk aе
rd and lity.
Тhе stylists not опlу choose the clothes, but they also choose the jewellery. Not only thе clothes. but they also choose the jewellery, You аrеп't allowed to use mу credit card uпdеr апу circumStances. under no circumstances to use my credit card.
3
ltЪ time you bought some good quality clothes. ltЪ аЬочt time l bought something {оr myself. ltЪ high time hе had а haircut.
Do these sentences refer to the present or the paSt?
what
is thё tense of the main verb in these sentences?
Complete the rules. We use ItЗ (_/ )time + _tense complain about or criticise something or someone.
to
Read 12.2-12.З of the Grammar Reference оп page 175 before you do tfiе task.
choose the correct answers.
1
Not опlу а lot of mопеу. but they also Ьесоmе famous. а models are еаrпiпg ь do models еаrп с models еаrп
2 Never such а rude and noisy customer. а have lseen ь l have seen с lsaw З ltЪ high time уоч some new trаiпегs. а bought Ь have bought с did buy 4 Under по circumstances my favourite jeans. а уоu Wеаr Ь you сап wear с are уоu gоiпg to wеаr 5 Never so many bargains! а I hadn't seen ь hadn't lseen с had lseen 6 lt'S about time We to the 5ale5. а have gone Ь Went с9о
Under по circumstances receipt. а can you ехсhапgе Ь you can't exchange с do you exchange
_
the jacket without the
Not опlу _ very expensive. but it is also very oldfashioned. а that dress is ь that dress was с iý that dress
Wrrtiи4 5upporting your arguments When you express your opinion about а film or ап event in а review, you сап make your arguments mоrе convincing Ьу giving examples of what you are talking about. We сап use the following language to introduce examples: Ёоr ехаmрlе, ..., Fоr instance, ..., ... such as ,.., One ехаmрlе of this was .,., Тhis was particularly оЬчiоus/поtiсеаЫе whеп .,., Take .., for ехаmрlе апd lп this/ опе case,... .
А
Match the arguments
1 2 3 4 5 а Ь с d е
В
'l
_5
with the supporting examples а-е.
inexperienced. П
The models were obviously
Тhе colours used went really well
together
lt was obvious the аudiепсе wasn't
[l
impгessed. f-l
The show was given
Wrong grеаt геViеWs.
one critic said
the best show he'd ечеr seen.
LotS о{ the equipment Went
it was
П П
Fоr example, several реорlе left during the interval. ln опе case, а model was looking down at her feet as she was walking. This included things such as the lights поt working and the music system Ыеаkiпg down. This was particularly noticeable with the оrапgеs and yellows used Ьу the first designer.
Read the writing task and choose from the sentences а,е the one which best fits each 9ар (1-5). Yоu rесепt/у attended а fashion show that уоu weren't impressed with. Yоu hаче seen thb аппоuпсеmепt оп а fashicwebsite and decide to write about the shоw you saw.
Hare votl gоt ап еуе lог fаshiоп? Doe, rероrгiлgаЬоrtt j."" оЁ..,rlл,rik life appeal to rou? Тhеп ,Ь. Й'.
"" iЁth",, b,'.od,b n"d ;,.iЁЁ;.;;;;;;ЬGth, ,hо* yorl аггспdеd, The
.,'Ь..l.ооr,r", Ъ-,ч", оТ, Б",,i..чiЁ*, ''ill Ь. рuЫishеd
оп оur ц,Ь,irе,
1 2 З 4
What do you have to write? Will you write in а positive оr negative way? Why?
What kind of things should you focus оп? Will you write about it in ап objective way оr frоm а реrsопаl point of view? Whу?
Write your review.
С
Read the model review and put the example sentences in the correct places.
Fashion week Ьlчеs .As а fоllоwеr of fashion, l look fогwаrd to attending the big events in
the fashion саlепdаr. (1) This уеаг promised to Ье the best eve1 and was opened Ьу new designer Moldo, However, the show turned out to Ье very disappointing.
Moldo was presenting his Summer Collection. The designs, though, Wеrе mоге SuitаЫе for autumn. (2) lп addition, the clothes Were impractical.
As
(3)
the designs weren't brad enough, the show itself had some major Another ргоЫеms, IMany models wеrе obviously inexperienced. (4) low point WaS the music, (5) if
The show was Ьу по means uр to standard and сеrtаiпlу didn't do а lot for Fashion Week's reputation. Let's hope next year's show will Ье better.
,l56
t
Fоr instance, the trousers were too long for апуопе to actually wеаr. lп опе case, опе of them fell off the
caMalk.
Take Fаshiоп Week for example, which l haven't missed for the last {ive years,
Old songs Ьу groups such as The Beatles were unsuitable fоr а mоdеrг fashion show.
е Eor example, the colours of the fabrics used were only Ьrоwп and grey.
-cok а9аiп
)
!
Read the model review again and tick the things the writer has done. ,1
used ап appropriate title
2
given Ьасkgrоuпd information to the event
з
described some negative and some positive
4
given ехаmр es of things that made а bad
5
commented оп the consequences of the show
6
covered а]l points mentioned in the task
L]
points П impression П
L]
Write the correct paragraph number next to these descriptions.
а Ь с d
-
DеsсriЬе some gепеrаi рrоЬlеms with the show. Provide some background details and say which show will Ье reviewed. Dеsсгiье the clothes modelled.
Makeageneral comment оп the consequences ofthe show forthefuture.
Complete the sentences with words from the Useful Expressions.
1 2
l like fashion. l'd say l'm а(п)
lenjoy Ьеiп9 l
bUt l'm deГin:tely not а(.)
and working in the sLudio, b,ut l'd hate to Ье а(пt
a(n)
don't like being watched!
З 4
At
,
5
This is а grеаt isn't appropriate.
a(n)
Nina designs
iike high heels
Эчеr to you
З
t] t] п п
, models walk down the
but l think you should usе а
different
and
fоr it, Wool
{or thе Ьеасh.
!
Read the writing task and make а раrаgrарh plan for your review. Remember to support your arguments with examples. yоu hаче seen thb аплоuпсеmепt on а fashion website апd decide to write about а show you saw that made а positive rmpression on you.
Llоsо-Uр Before yoU
Fаshiои U)ebsite What Was the highlight of this year's Fashion Week for you? Was there а show that particUIarly impressed you? Then Write uS а review describing the collection, the models and the show in 9епеrаl. The best ones Will appear on our website.
Write уоur review.
пе
поdеrг
(1
20-1 80
Sta
rt Writin9,
Underline all the things in the ta5k уоu 5hould include in уочr review. Make Separate noteS for them and decide which ofthe words from the Useful ExpresslonJ yoU coUld U5e to describe each one. Don't forget to include examples.
words)
l)sе|иl {хрrеss\оч,s Describing fashion
acce55orie5 design
catwalk clothes collection
designer evening Wеаr fabric
fashion show high heels fashion victim model follower of fashion swimwear footWear
Useful adjectives (in)appropriate (in)experienced (im)pгactical
colourfuI d ull
(Un)impresSive
trendy
(un)5uitable
fashiona ble
157
..
lш
,l,.
]
i l ,-
i]
_l
How mчсh do you know about silk? Look at the statements below and write
Т for true or F for false.
'l 2 З 4 5 6
Siii
А si l
fu
maturity.
lt takes а si l
тhе сосооп of а silkworm is usua] v Ыасk_ А сосооп is made of опе thrеаd that is аlэоut 800 metres опg, You need appгoximate]y 1,000 si kwоrm cocoons to make опе metre of si [{аЬriс,
Watch the DVD and circle the words you hear.
'] А
2 З 4 5 6 7 8
,
hаче affected it, but at опе factory hеrе, the ways of the
past
о{ thе о d ".i: 5]. i._i.i,гl;
i
па;.
,'
зi.,] the same,
Неrе, the continuous поisе ooms Ьriпqs опе back to the past, These noisy 19t сепtuгу ooms create some of the world's finest si k {аЫiсs fоr сuгtаiп5 and text] es L;l -с Above him, thеrе аrе specia рареr cards that саrrу the designs fоr compllcated ]..t_er-5 // .].s q.s, "
sTc
Hand-made silk also makes а specia noise and Ь,еttеr hо ds its : -; l,.e , [l:rll. Тhеп, the threads аrе рrераrеd ассогdiпg to bow they will ýg,r'1,",:л .1gl:r;],
is l-n.]e :L ]ii]:.l , lj._ji:] ] l i:]._:. lt seems that the Setiflcio has lе ]el-i , _-l l,-l the агt of ma
"
k,
Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words,
ijieciIon
пa.lw.jчзг
i;Ii"lc iлсп-l;
ргa]a:е;s i"ij|]
lhге;d
.r/с;ii;г,;
The Antico Setlflcio Fioreлtlno is also kпоwп as the Antique Si k Factory of F огепсе. Тhе silk produced at the Antique Sill< Fасtоrу iп Flоrепсе is different frоm that produced in otber factories, At this special {actory, thе fаЬriс is hапd-wочег оп antique (1) whiсh wеrе built ]п 1780. Тhеу арр у the same (2) principles thаt have Ьееп used fоr hundreds of years, Веfоrе the weaving even begin5, the silk (З) is ргосеssеd оп machines that аrе ] 50 уеаr5 о d. The workers have to place the si l< thread оп the bobbins very carefu у so it doesn't twist duriпg the weaving (4) , Тhеу then work slow у and weave опе thread at а time. Тhе silk that comes {rоm оthег factories usually hаs about З,000 to 4,000 threads гuппiпg n one (5) оп еасh piece offabric, (6) , the hand-made si k has about ] 2,000 threads iп thе same space th]s makes а b,etter qua ity (7) that is also much stronger,
Тhеrе аге а пumЬеr of оthеr diffеrепсеs between the two types о{ silk, First of аl , the hand-woven fаЫiс ooks muсh mоrе beautifu: its соlоur changes iп different Jighting conditions, Second у, it hо ds its 5hаре better than mасh]пе made s] k, тhеrе is опе other unusua difference: the hand-made sill< makes а different noise whеп you (8) уоur hand очеr tlre fаЫiсl
At the Antico Setificio Fiоrелtiпо, style ancl tradition come together iп
beautifu
hand-woven si k fabrics.
158
''Ы
,}
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. .
';'"
What other hand made products сап you think of? Do уоu think lt's worth the time and еflоrt to do things lэу hапd оr iS it lэеttеr to usе machines when possible? Why? / Why поt?
д
&
Units
)
11
&12
оO^vиl^rч -
Match. 1
police
L-
п
з
commit plead
4
shop
5
Ыеаk
6
community
7
sеrче
2
L-]
f
п
Lr
L
а Ь с d е f g
а sentence
window а crime
service rесоrd 9uilty
the law
Сirсlе the correct prepositionS.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
'Take up / offthose muddy shoes now!' she told mе, Kate i5 not familiar to / with the trends iп fashion these days.
Athletes usually wеаr up / out their tгаiпеrs чеry fast. Stylists are responsibLe with / fог choosing а celeЫity's clothes.
'Ве careful you don't dirty уоuг shirt or you'll get опtо / into trоuЫе,' The Ьоу didn't get away at / with stealing. The police caught him. 'You are in / under arrest fоr the burglary at 24 Riчег Road,' said the officer, lt's very cold, so you might want to do in / up yourjacket.
Shoplifting is a9ainst / frоm the law and you can get а huge fine, Everyone has to put off / on slippers before entering the house.
,_ complete the sentences With both words. 1 rеfuпd djscount
а
Ь
а
Sa es assis+ants сап get а оп апу of the products in the shop.
You must rеtчrп the dress within 14 days if you Want а
а
atibi
motive
Не can't Ье guilty of the сrimе because hе has a(n)
Police try to find a(n) they investigate а crime.
а Ь а ь
when
[abel receipt Jane liked а sweater, Ьut when she saw the price оп the shе put it back. Don't lose your in case уоU Want to exchange these jeanS.
rоЬ
stёal
lf you called shoplifting.
frоm а shop, it's
Не was arrested because hе tried to а bank.
Ь
а Ь
а Ь
а Ь
theft thief Не began his life of сrimе as а and went оп to burglaries be{ore he was caught. Тhеrе аrе cameras all over the shop to prevent
triа[
verdict
The defendant was hoping for а not-guilty lasted for months and was
Тhе in the news every day.
bargains purchases Mary usually makes hеr Christmas at the last minute. Let's go to the mall. l heard there аrе mапу
suits
fits
ТhаГ shirt is lovely and it really
your colouring very much. Look, my black skiгt after аll the weight l lost.
me now
,!
59
Units 11&
(аrаvпИаr А
Complete the sentences with who, which, whose, where оr when. Тhеп, tick the sentences where that сап Ье used too.
1 2 з 4 5 6 7 8
В
The lawye1
arrested last night, denied Stealin9 company money.
WaS
Jane bought а lovely evening dress Tony's father,
job involves а lot of traveIling, is а detective.
weekends аrе а time А famous writer, The thief The policemen
L]
was а Ьаrgаiп.
the tегriЬlе accident happened,
This is the street
а lot of arrests аrе made-
was 56 уеаrs old, was murdеrеd last night. given was а two-year-sentence WaS taken to рriSоп. patroL the streets оп {oot make реорlе feel sa{er.
t] t] п п п
Complete the sentences with а present or past participle using these verbs. investigate live оffег se[[ 5епtепсе take wait watk
1 2
The young mап to 9о to prison,
to two months of community service Was геliечеd поt
lt must Ье very unpleasant fоr реорlе of crimes.
in areas with а high number
Тhе depaftment Store
great discounts WaS fUll of customerS yesterday
4 Тhе pictures 5
Police
6 Those реорlе 7 l\4ost of the clothes
at the crime 5сепе show how the house was Ьrоkеп into.
the сrimе are lооkiпg fоr three mеп in their 20s. outside the соUrt are journalists,
8 Тhе top model
С
in thiч boutiq.le are very expensive, оп the catwalk at the mоmепt i5 mу Sister,
Complete the second sentences 5о they have а similar mеапiпg to thе first sentences. Use the words iп bold,
1
The police had never seen such а terrible сrimе. sееп
Never
such а tеrriьlе crime-
The hairdresser is going to style DеЬЬiеl hair tomorrow. hair
Debbie is going You should go home now Ьесачsе it's getting late, high
ltЪ
bv thе hairdresser tomorrow.
поW because it'S getting late.
А large department store will seJlthe пеw designer's clothes. his The new designer
Ьу а lаrgе dерагtmепt store.
Сhаrliе was charged with burglary and assault, charged
6 7 8
160
Not only
Ьut he was also charged with assault.
Mum does my aunt'S nails ечеrу two weeks. gets Му alrnt
Ьу lйum every two weeks.
Martin's саr was stolen last week. had Маrtiп
ast Week.
Employeesshould печеr forget to set the аlаrm whеп closing the office. no U пdеr {orget to set the аlаrm whеп closing the office,
lnfinitive Ье
beat become begin bite blow break Ьriпg broadcast build Ьurп buy сап catch choose соmе co5t cUt dea
l
do draw drеаm drink d
rive
eat fa ll
feed feel fi9 ht find fly forecast forget 9et give
9о
groW have hеаr hide hit hold hurt keep
know lead lea rn еаVе {end ]et 176
Past Simple
Past Participle
was/were beat became
Ьееп Ьеаtеп brecome begun
bega п
bit blew broke brought broadcast bui t burnt bought
bitten Ь lown
lэrоkеп
brought broadcast bu iIt
Ьurпt bought
cou ld
caught chose сатпе
cost cUt dealt did drew dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt
fought found flew
forecast forgot 9ot gaVe
Went 9rew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew led lea rп t left lent let
caught chosen come coSt cUt dealt
done drawn dreamt drunk drivеп eaten fal еп fed felt fought found flown forecast forgotten 9ot given 9о пе 9rown had hеаrd h idden hit he]d
hurt kept known led lea rп
left le nt let
t
lnfinitive lie
li9ht
Past Simple
Past Participle
lay
lain it lost meant made l]let paid
lit lost
lose гпеап make lTeet
pUt read ride гiпg
meant made met paid proved put rеаd |rеd] rode rап9
ise rUп
roSe rап
5ау
said
See
SaW
sell
sold 5ent
рау
p1,oVe
r
send Set shake shine
Set
sh ut
shook shone showed shot shut
sing
Sa
show shoot
п9 sank 5at slept slid smelt
sin k
Sit
еер slide smell speak speed spend sta nd S
stick
spoke sped Spe nt stood stole stuck
stin k
stan k
SWeep
SWept SWam
stea1
swim t.]Ke
teach te] think th rоw ndersta wa ke u
Wеаr wiп
write
п
d
took taU9ht told thoUght threw understood woke Wore Wоп Wrote
рrоVеп pUt read Irеd] ridden ruп9 rise п
rUп said Seen sold Sent Set shaken shone
shown shot ut п9 sunk Sat slept slid sh
SU
sm e]t
spoken sped spent stood stolen stuck stunk SWept SWum
taken taught to]d
thought th rоwп
understood woken Wоrп Wоп Written 177
т
lnformal letter / email to а реп pal Whеп writing an informal letter/email to а реп раl.
. . . .
make it сlеаr why you аrе writing. use iп{оrmаl, friendly language and short{orms ofverbs. lпс]udе рhrаsаl verbsandidioms, ask lots о{ qUestions to keep tbe rеаdеr interested. ask the rеаdеr to rерlу to you.
Pla п
Greeting
Dеаr ,.., / Hi Раrа9rарh
-,.,
1
lntroduce yourself and expJain whу уоu'ге writing, Му паmе's ... / l'm .... / Let mе tell уоч about _..
Paragraphs 2 & З Give details about уоuгsеlf, your friends and уоur famiy. Ask the person questionS about the same things. Talk about the things you have in common (if appropriate), How mапу people are there iп your family? Му f amily consists of .., / Da you get оп wel] with .-. ? / Му mчm апd dad аrе .-- / How da you get оп With .., ? / We hive lots iп соmmоп,.. Paragraph 4
Talk about things уоu like, Write about уоuг hobbies апd what you do in уоur free time, Тhеп ask for the same information frоm the реrsоп уоu'rе writing to. l'm iпto .,, / l'm а {ап of ... / l'm kееп ол ,,. / What do you .,. ?
Signing off < the геаdеr to Write back апd sign of{, That's all for паw. / Write back sооп! / Looking forward to hearing frоm you. / Кеер iп
As
touch! / Love, ... / Take care, / Вуе fаr поw,
lпfоrmаl letter checklist
. . . '
17а
Have you followed the plan? Have you used appropriate language? Have you checked fоr mistakes in 9rаmmаr/ spelling and punctuation? ls your letter weJl organised and interesting fоr the rеаdеr?
t-
f.
f
Eormal letter / email Yhen writing а formal letter,/email,
. . .
clearly state the reason fоr writing and what you want to hарреп as а resu t of уоur
соrrеsропdепсе. always Ье polite and usе formal language, answer all the questions апd/ог rеfеr to al the points in the original letter/email
if
you аrе
rер ying to Sоmеопе.
Pla п
opening Use а forma greeting.
Dеаr Mayor, / Dеаr 9ir/Madam, / Dear Мr
Paragraph
..-
/ Мrs ..,,
1
lntroduce yourself and уоuг rеаsоп for writing. / аm the studелt representative ... / l аm writing to iпfоrm you .,. / Тhе reason l аm writing is .,. / l аm writing wjth rеfеrепсе to ... / l аm writing iп rеsролsе to уоur email / letter,..
Раrа9rарh 2 Give mоrе information about уоur rеаsоп fоr writing. l\4ake апу suggestions or reco m m еп dations.
First|y, rеgаrdiпg .,. / lп addition, .,. / lwould like to kпоw if/whether ... / 1would Ье grateful if you cou/d te// mе ,.. / Please /et mе know ,.. / l was wопdеriпg if ,..
Paragraph З
lVake апоthеr point, discuss and make any fчrthеr suggestions оr recommendations. lt wоuld Ье better to ... / Опе solution wou/d Ье to ... / Ап a/ternative idea might Ье to .,. / Would you /ike mе to .,,? / lthink we shоuld ... / lwould rесоmmепd .-. / lwould also like
to
ask аьоцt ,..
/
Paragraph 4
Sum up уоur arguments and give а persona opinion (if аррrорriаtе). Say what you want to
hарреп next. Given the above, it is mу орiпiоп that ... / l think we/you should .., / Тhапk you in advance far ,., / l would аррrесiаtе it if you could reply sооп.
Closing
Use а fоrmаl рhrаsе for closing the ]etter. !]oak lorward to hearing {rоrп yocl, Sigп off iп ап appropriate way. Yours faithfцlly,.,- (if you don't know the геаdеr's паmе) оr Yours siпсеrе/у, ... (if you know the rеаdеr's паmе).
Fоrmаl letter checklist
. . ' '
Have you followed the рlап? Have you used appropriate language? Have you checked fоr mistakes in grammar, spelling апd punctuation?
t]
J
ls your letter/email wel1 organised?
,l79
lnformal email/ letter When writing ап iпfоrmаl email/letter,
. . с .
make it сlеаr why you are writing. use informal, friendly language and shоrt forms of verbs. lпсlчdе phrasal verbs and idioms. ask lots of questions to keep the reader inteгested. ask the rеаdеr to reply to уоu. Pla n
Greeting
Hi ..., / Dear ..,,
Paragraph
1
Thank the rеаdеr {or his/her email/|etter if аррrорriаtе оr ask about him/her and say why you are writing. Тhапk you for your email. / lt waт grеаt to get уоur email. How are уоч? / l hоре уоu'rе well. That's why l'm writing. / As you know, ... / !'m writing to ...
Paragraph 2 Give details about why you are writing and say what neWS уоч'че got. l'mрlаппiпg.,. / l'm thinking of ... / Wе'че decided to ... / Did ttell уоU аЬоut...? Paragraph З Give more information. iп additioл, ... / Also, ... / As {оr
..,
/ Ву the way
...
Paragraph 4
Finish off your writing and add апу final points you want to make. Fiпаllу, ... / Let mе know if, .,.,/ RеmеmЬеr to .,. / lcan'twaitto..,
Signing off 5ее you sооп! / Кеер iп touch. / That's all fоr поw. / Write back sооп! / Talk to you later! Love, ...
Email checklist
. . . .
Have you followed the plan? Have you USed аррrорriаtе |anguage? Have you checked for mistakes in grаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? ls your email/letter well organised and interesting for the rеаdеr?
п
J п п
Story Whеп writing а story,
. . . . . .
а few minutes thinking about how you want уоuг story to deve ор and make notes. make sure you include а сlеаr beginning, middle and end. set the scene in the first раrаgrарh and create а strong atmosphere. use паrrаtiче tenses such as the past simple and the past continuous. use phrases to sequence events clearly, rеmеmьеr to include adjectives and adverbs to add drama and suspense.
spend
Pla n
Paragraph
1
Set the sсепе and introduce the main сhаrасtеrs. Iйаkе the introduction sоuпd interesting оr dramatic. Use the sentence you are given in the task i{ necessary. As sоол as thеу орепеd the door, they kпеw something wаs wrong.
Paragraph 2 Give background lпfоrmаtiоп about the сhагасtеrs and what is going оп, The Ечапs family hаd bought this beautiful old hоusе in the country. Paragraph 3 Describe the main events in order. At first, ... / Тhеп, ... / Тhе mоmепttЬаt
.-.
/ Меапwhi!е,
...
Paragraph 4 lntroduce а twist iп the story (if аррrорriаtе). That was whеп -.. / Sооп after that .., / Suddenly, ... / Just then, ... / As sооп as
..,
Раrа9rарh 5
Bring the story to ап епd and say what the outcome was. Eventually, ,.. / We печеr went to that area аgаiп. / Sally knew it would печеr hарреп again.
Story checklist
. . . .
Have уоu followed the plan? НаVе you used appropriate language?
Have you checked {or mistakes in 9rаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? ls уочr story well organised and interesting for the rеаdеr?
п
t]
t
L
181
щ;
Article When writing an аЁiсlе,
с . . . . о
think about who you're writing for and use а suitable Style. write down уоur ideas and select the best опе5. think of а title that Wi|l get уоUr reader'S attention. make sure each раrаgrарh begins with а topic sentence. use direct and indirect questions as well as а va riety of short and lопgеr Sentences to captu re the reader's iпtеrеst, put the main points o{your article into the middle paragraphs.
Рlап
Title
Give your article ап eye-catching title. Соmmол sелsе fights the соmmоп cold / Кеер fit and keep you shape Paragraph 1 Get the attention of the rеаdеr and introduce the topic of your article. Have you ечеr wonderedlasked yourself/thought about .,. Сап you imачiпе .,,?
Paragraph 2 Give some basic information. То Ьеgiп with, ... / Firstly, .., Раrа9rарh 3
Add extra important in{ormation,
Exercise speeds up your metabolism апd hефs you /ose weight mоrе easily.
Раrаgrарh 4
Give уочr personal {eelings hеrе. Say what you like or dislike. Тhе best thiпg is ,.. / lп mу орiпiоп, ... / Дs fаr as l'm сопсеrпеd,
...
Paragraph 5
Summarise апd give your opinion. Talk about а future event (if apPropriate), So, ,,, / Always try уочr best алd печеr give up! / RеmеmЬеr рrечепtiол is better than cure.
Апiсlе checklist
. . ' '
182
Е
Have you {ollowed the рlап? Have уоu used appropriate language? Have you checked for mistakes in 9rаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? ls уоur articie well organised and interesting fоr the reader?
п п п п
Review When writing а review,
. . . .
think of а suitable title for уоur review, try to catch the reader's attention in the first paragraph. rеmеmь,еr to sчрроrt уочг arguments with examples. rеmеmьег to give уочr opinion iп the last раrа9rарh.
Plan
Title
Give уочr review ап eye-catching titie.
Para9raph
1
lntroduce What уоч are reviewing, Тrу ... / Why поt try ...? / lf you like ... / .,, is wоrth а trу .,,
Раrа9rарh 2 Describe what you are reviewing. Give the reader an idea of what you аrе writing about. .,. set iл ,.. / ... соmЬiпеs ... with .., / ... is ideal for ... Fоr example, ... / Fоr iпstапсе, ... Para9raph 3 Give further details about what уо.l are reviewing, Ву the way, ... / That doesn't mеап that, ... / Оп the other hапd Опе ехаmр/е of th]s, ... / lп this case, ... Раrа9rарh 4 End the review give your opinion. l highlу rесоmmепd ... / l wоuldп't recommend
.,.
...
/ ... shou/d поt Ье missed
Review checklist
. . . .
Have уоч followed the plan? Have you used аррrорriаtе language? Have you checked for mistakes in 9rаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? ls уочr review well organised and interesting fоr the rеаdеr?
п п п п
18:
Е
Report When writing а report,
о
.
о
. .
allow yourself time to рlап what you will Ье including iп уоur rероrt. consider the advanta9es and disadvanta9es of each option. think of а Suitable title {or уочr rероrt. remember to use headings to organise your report and make your ideas сlеаrеr, use fоrmаl language апd Iопg fоrms.
Plan
Title
Health & Safety at Ваrпslеу Рrimаry Sсhооl
Раrа9rарh'l Say why you аrе writing the report. Тhе aim/purpose of this report i5 to рrеsепt/rесоmmепd/rеviеw/ехаmiпе ,,. / This is а rероrt оп ... / This rероП will рrеsепt the findings of ... / lt wjll also make suggestions/
rесоmmелdаtiолs for
...
/ ltwill also suggest/recommend/discuss/analyse ...
Раrаgrарh 2
Discuss the first point оr option and evaluate it апd/оr make suggestions. Тhе first option is/would Ье ,.. / This mау Ье а good choice ... because ... / Оп the other hапс1,
there mау Ье some disadvantages.
Paragraph 3 Discuss the second point or option and evaluate it апd/оr make suggestions. Ап a/ternative possibility would Ье to ... / Alternatively, ... / However, ... / This option has severa/ advanta9e5ldisadyantages .., Paragraph 4 Bring the rероrt to an епd Ьу summing up the suggestions made. Recommend опе о{ the options оr rе{еr to future action. /n сопс/usiол, ... / То sum up, the mаiп recommendationslsuggestions are .. . / As сап Ье seen frоrп thiý rероrl ... / Fоr these reasons, / feei that the best орtiол i5 .., ,/
Report checklist
. . . .
Have you followed the plan? Have you used appropriate language? Have you checked fоr mistakes iп grаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? ls your герогt well organised?
п п п п
Essay Whеп writing ап essay,
. . . . .
think at,out the topic and your opinion on it. ргеSепt the arguments for and against the topic iп раrа9гарhs 2 and З. use examples to 5uррогt the arguments you make. summarise your arguments and express your opinion in the last рага9rарh. use formal оr semi formal language,
Plan
Paragraph
1
lntroduce the topic.
соmmоп {оr people to Most peopie 5ау that..It is
.,,
/ Мапу people feel that ... / Реорlе sometimes argue that ...
/
Paragraph 2
Рrеsепt one side of the argument and give examples. Firstly, .-. / Оп the оле hапd ... / Fоr ехаmрIе, ,.. / As а result, ... / Moreover,
...
Paragraph З Present the оthеr side of the argument and give examples. Оп the other hапd, ... / Anotber сопсеrп 15 that.,. / However, ... / Сопsеqчепtlу, ... / Fоr
instance,..,
Раrа9rарh 4
Summarise your аг9umепLs and g've уоur opirion. On the whо/е, ,.. / lп сопсlusiоп, ,,. / То сопсlчdе, .., / То sum up, ... / l strongly believe
that...
Essay checklist
. . . .
Have you followed the рlап? Have you used appropriate language? Have you checked for mistakes iп 9rаmmаr/ spelling and punctuation? ls уоur essay well orqanised?
п п п п
185
Using Iinking words lп the first photo .... but in the second photo .., lп the first photo ..., while in the second photo ... lп both the first and thе second photo, ... Although in the firýt photo ..., iп the second рhоtо ... lf you look at the firsVsecond рhоtо, ... Talking about similarities and differences Опе similarity/difference between the two photos is ... Апоthеr similarity/difference between the first and thе Second photo is that ... The опlу similarity/difference l сап see between the two photos is .., ln the first photo .,., whereas in the second photo ... Both photos have/show ... Neither of the photos have/show ... Recommending lthink thе firsVsесопd option is best because ... lt's better to ... than ... |'d advise you to ... Му recommendation/Suggestion iS that ... Persuading and сопчiпсiпg |'m sure you'd а9rее that... would hеlр solve the mystery. But don't you think that ,.. is а rеаllу good idea? Sчrеlу using ... won't make that much of а difference. ... is а
good idea, isn't it?
Sequencing your ideas То begin with .., Firstly, ...
Secondly,...
Well, for опе thing ..,
Апоthеr thing is that ... l also believe tbat ... Whаt iS mоrе ... Fiпаllу, ... Last but not least. ...
Paraphrasing Will robots ечеr rерlасе humans? Will robots ечеr do the job of bumans? Technology has simpIified our lives. Тесhпоlоgу has made очr lives easier. Сап you think of any ЬепеfiЪ / drawbacks of mobile phones? Аrе there апу advantages / disadvanta9es of mobile phones that you can think of?
Expressing certainty Without а dочЫ, l'd say that ... |'m certain / positive that ... There's no douЫ in my mind that .,.
Expressing uncertainty lt's hard to say, but ... |'m not Sчrе. l suppose (that) ... lt's possible that ..., but ...
186
Expressing ап орiпiоп Well, in mу орiпiоп ... lt Seems to me that .,, Personally speaking, l thiпk-/ргеfеr .,. l feel strongly that ... А5 l See it, ... l certainly don't think that ,.. l (don't) think/believe ... is important because ... You should(n't) ... because... .,. is а
good idea because..,
lt's not sчсh а good idea to .., because ... lt would Ье better to .,. because ,,
Asking for clarification
Could you repeat that, please? Would you mind repeating that, please? |'m sоrrу. l didn't quite get that. Sorry. What do you mеап Ьу ...? 5howing that you аrе listening
ок,
Yes. Ri9ht. That'S an interesting point. l see what you mеап, l understand what you're saying. That's exactly whаt l Was thinking,
Considering alternatives
Оп the опе hand. ... Оп the other hand, ,.. Although it's true that..., you could also say ... Some might say .... but others think ,..
Stating preferences
think ... js much better than ... То Ье honest, l'd рrе{еr ... l рrеfеr.., -ing to ... -ing. Тhеrе's по comparison. l'd much rаtЬеr ... l
Giving reasons l say this because ... The mаiп reason for my saying this is that ... One of the rеаsопs l decided оп ... is that ...
lchose... because.., l
suggest ... because ...
Suggesting alternatives
lnstead of.... he/she could ... lf lwere him/hеr, l'd ... What about... -ing? ... might Ье опе way rоuпd the problem.
Giving yourself time to think
Now, let's see ... JuSt а moment .,. |'m not surе. Регhарs ...
What's the word l was looking fоr? What did l/уоu want to 5ау?
a9ainSt the laW
(U11)
launch а new product
(U9)
at all costs
(U9) (U7)
make а difference make а profit
(U1)
Ье а ray of sunshine
Ье as quick as lightning
(U7)
make progress
(U 5)
ье down to earth
(U 7)
(U9)
Ье as good as gold
(U1)
make somebody redundant make trouble fоr somebody
Ье grееп with envy
(U,l)
mепd (my) ways
(U1
Ье in deep water
(U7)
of{ the top of (my) head
(Uз)
ье snowed uпdеr Ье tickled pink
(U7)
оп behalf of pick (my) brains
(U
plead guilty
(Ul1) (Uз) (U1)
(U1)
(U5)
(U1) ,1)
(U9)
з)
Ье up and coming
(U
be/{eel under the weather
(Uз)
break а habit
(U1)
ыеаk the ice
recharge (my) batteries reject ап оffеr
(U1)
Save (my) Strength
ыеаk the law
(U11)
save time
(U 1)
do business
(U5)
see rеd
(U1)
do somebrody the world of good do your trest
(U
set (my) sights on
(U 5)
(U 5)
set the wогld оп firе
(U5)
feel blue
(U1)
solve а case
(U11)
feel as fresh as а daisy get the sack
(Uз)
Somethin9 dates back to tackle сrimе
(U6)
(U11)
take а сhапсе
(U 5)
5)
з)
(U9)
(U9)
go bankrupt go into рагtпеrShiр have а police гесоrd
(U 5)
take somebody Ьу surprise
(U9)
(U11)
(U5)
have in common
(U1)
take someone's рlасе thе Ыасk shеер of the family
have (mу) head in the clouds
(U7)
throw in the towel
(U5)
hold onto somethin9
(U6)
uпdеr аrrеst
(U,1 1)
in fact
(U9)
under pressure
(U,1 1)
keep а promise
(U,])
wоrk (my) socks off
(U 5)
keep in touch
(U,1)
work shifts
(U9)
(U
5)
(U1)
1в7
in approve of
(U7)
а drop
of Ье among the first Ье associated with Ье at risk of Ье iп deЫ Ье known as Ье очt of wоrk Ье surprised Ьу Ье under pressure Ье vaccinated against blame somebody for burst out of Ьу surprise саrе about congratu]ate somebody оп contriblute to covered with depend on differ from do research оп dream of familiar with {ocus on get engaged to have ап effect on have confidence in
(U 1)
(U3)
t,е а mеmЬеr
have (little/lots/something) in
fact in my орiпiоп in the world lеаrп from
(U11) (U1)
(Uз) (U9) (U5) (U9) (U7) (U11
(U9) (U7) (U9) (U9) (U9)
(Uз) (U7) (UЗ) (U7) (U7) (U5)
(U]
of planet time to to
reaction rеsропsiЫе shout solution to а spread succeed surprised the real;ty the survival the top wоrk оп work with
at
(U 1)
(U]) (U])
соmmоп
(U1) (U9) (U9) (U5)
something
(U5) (U5) (U9) (U5) (U9)
with
for
рrоЬlеm to iп Ьу of of of something somet,ody
188
1)
(U3)
in
make а success of on behal{ on the оп рау attention provide somebrody
)
(UЗ)
(U'11)
(U9) (U9)
(U]1) (U1) (U9) (U5) (U9) (U7)
(U11) (U7) (U9) (U3) (U9)
back up believe iп Ыаst off
Ыiпg out bring round check in come up With date back to die out dig up do up dress up
drop off get around 9et away
get on hold onto hook up
lay somebody off
let out log in look into make out pass down
Pick out pick up put forward put off put оп рцt up ring back ring in see off set off Set out Set up
set uр stick to
take take take take take
in in of{ оп
очеr take up try оп tuпе iп tuпе out Wear out
work оп
= make а сору ofthe work оп уоur = surе that something exists
: : : :
соmрutеr
(U4) (U2)
space something convince somebody to сhапgе their opinion arrive at а hotel and со lect your key = think of and suggest ап idea, а solution, etc = exist since а раrtiсulаг time = Ьесоmе extinct or disappear = rеmоче something frоm the grочпd that was bruried = fasten something with а zip оr button = wеаr clothes that аrе smагt leave the ground and head for
(U4)
publish or produce
(US) (US) (U10) (U4) (U6) (U6) (U6)
(U12) (U'12)
= take somebodY somewhere, usually in а car or other Vehicle, and leave them thеrе (U10) = move frоm place to рlасе (U1O) = succeed in escaping fгоm others (U1O)
:
board а рlапе, train,
= keep = connect to
:
= = = =
(UlO) (U6)
supply
sоuпd to а computer
(U9)
make а сегtаiп gain acce5s
examine facts and in{ormation about mапа9е to See Something
Р2)
а Story, tradition, etc to а уоUпgеr
choose
(U4)
Something
(U2) (U2)
generation
(U6)
9о and collect somebody in your саr and take them somewhere shаге опе of уоur ideas with others so they can discuss it
discourage
р асе clothes on уоur body and wеаr
assemble оr
build
(US)
(u6) (U12)
telephone somebody again, rеturп а call made to you to tеlерhопе а TV оr radio show wave goodbye to somebrody leaving from ап аirрогt, station,
(U']O)
(US)
etc
start а
(US)
(U10) (U6)
(U]O)
= ргераге equipment fоr use = опlу talk about опе subject = Ье dishonest, trick, deceive = make clothes smaller and tighter = rеmоче clothes from your body = employ somebody = begin to have сопtгоl of or responsibility fоr someth -: = shorten clothes Ьу folding -р :hе bottom edge апс s:::= see if а piece of clothing iirs lol or looks nice isten to а radio рrоgrаmmе c.,,.,,a,ich а TV
(US)
(U6)
them
jочrпеу : start а jочrпеу = get something rеаdу
=
(U4)
redundant
stop employing somebody, make somebody
= teach
= = = = = = = = = =
а power
etc
рrоgrа--:
= stop listening to something о, sc-ebody = use something so much thа: ': ..согпе5 Use = try hard to improve оr achiere s)-e'l n9
eS:
(U4) (U6) (U2) (U2)
(U12) (U']2) (U9)
-. :
(U6)
(Ur2) (U12) (US) (US) ||J12
(UЗ
Unit
1
Speaking
С student
В: Use the in{ormation below to answer Student А'5 questions.
What
What are уочr options?
Tell him that the outfit isn't sчitаые and оffеr to help him choose sоmеLhiг9 Lhat i5 more mоdегп.
Say поthiпg about the outfit and let him 9о to the раrtу iп it, hoping for the best,
What is the disadvantage of each option?
lf you tell him that the outfit isn't SчitаЫе, he might Ье very upset оr think that you аrе being unkind. Не might поt want to Ье your friend апу mоrе.
lf people at the party make fun of his outfit, hе might Ье апgrу with you for not telling him that it WaS not Suitable. Не might think it is your duty as his best friend to tell him thе truth.
Unit 1'l 5peaking
С Student
В: Use the in{ormation below to answer Student A's questions.
What is the problem?
Yоur Ыоthеr Nicholas is not doing well at school and hе hаs rесепtlу become involved with а group of teenagers that go out at night and do graffiti. You think this is his way of showing his dissatisfaction with his school апd the system in general,
Option
What are your options?
What is the disadvantage of each option?
19о
1
talk to раrепЪ You сап go straight to уочr parents and tell them everything you know about Nicholas' behaviour. They will
option 2 talk to Nicholas You сап talk to Nicholas directly and listen to how he feels about school and what is happening in his life in general. You can suggest that he joins а
forgive you for speaking to them hапgiпg out with thе teenagers and hе may instead of talking to him directly. Your eventually start committing more serious crimes relationship with him would suffer. and get into trоuЫе with the police.
