POLITICAL SCIENCE Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks : 100
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS : (i)
All ques questio tions ns are are compu compuls lsary ary..
(ii) (ii) Question Question numbers numbers 1 - 10 are are of 1 marks each. The The answers answers to these questions questions should not exceed 20 words each. (iii) (iii) Question Question numbers 11 11 - 20 are of 2 marks each. The answers answers to these questions questions should not exceed 40 words each. (iv) Question numbers numbers 21 - 30 are are of 4 marks each. each. The answers answers to these questions questions should not exceed 100 words each. (v) Question Question numbers numbers 31 - 35 are are of 6 marks marks each. each. The The answers answers to these question questionss should not exceed 150 words each.
QUESTION PAPER CODE 59/1/1 1.
Fill in the blanks: Cuban Mis Misssiles Cr Crisis wa was on on ac account of of.................placed in in Cu Cuba by by..................
2.
3.
1
As a result of ‘shock-therapy,’ ‘shock-ther apy,’ to which economic system, each state stat e of the Soviet bloc was gradually to be absorbed?
1
Correct the following statement and re-write :
1
In the U.N. Security Council, the five permanent members are: China, U.S.A, Russia, Australia, U.K. 4.
How did N.T.P. N.T.P. (Non-Proliferation (Non-Prol iferation Treaty) not sseek eek to abolish’ nuclear weapons and was discriminatory?
1
5.
Name the international agency relating to environmental programme.
1
6.
What is meant by social safety nets?
1
7.
Give the names of two provinces which were also divided during the partition of India.
1
8.
Study the given map and identify which ‘was the second largest party in Lok Sabha S abha in the first three general elections.
1
Note: The following question is for Blind ,Candidates only in lieu of Q. No.8:
In 1952, 1957 and 1962 General Elections which political party part y achieved second place in two successive elections. 9.
10.
11.
1
Correct the following statement and re-write : Chipko Movement M ovement in India emerged to support certain issues raised by some political poli tical parties.
1
Since 1989 until the elections of 2004 which party has been gaining strength in Lok Sabha ?
1
Name one one pact of Eastern alliances alliances and three pacts pact s of Western alliances all iances during cold war era.
2
12.
What do ASEAN and FTA FTA stand for?
13.
Mention any two basic concerns about abo ut the reforms refo rms related relat ed to the processes and restructuring of the U.N.O.
2
14.
Mention any four components of traditional security.
2
15.
What are global commons? List any two examples.
2
16.
Define cultural heterogenisation.
2
17.
Mahatma Gandhi said on 14th August, 1947, “Tomorrow will be a day of rejoicing as well as mourning”. According to Mahatma Gandhi, why would 15th August, 1947 (tomorrow) be a day of rejoicing as well as mourning?
18.
Study the cartoon and answer the following questions:
2
(i)
What What does does this this cart cartoo oon n ref refeer to to ?
(ii)
What is the difference between coalition in a party and coalition of parties?
2
Note: The following question is for Blind Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 18:
What is i s meant by coalition government? When was the coalition coalition government formed for the first time at the centre?
1+1 =2
19.
State any two Directive Principles of State Policy relating to foreign affairs.
2
20.
What does N.F.P. stand for? How was fish workers’ life threatened in a big way?
2
21.
Why were most of the non-aligned countries categorised as LDC - Least Developed Countries?
4
22.
Explain briefly the hegemony of the U.S. as a hard power.
4
23.
Mention any four common features of European Union.
4
24.
Describe any four criteria cr iteria that tha t have been proposed for new permanent permanent and and nonpermanent members of the Security Council.
4
25.
What were the outcomes of Rio Summit?
4
26.
Describe briefly any four problems faced in the process of partition of India.
4
27.
What do the following relate to ?
4
28.
(a)
Jai la lawan, Ja Jai Kis Kisssan
(b)
Gharibi Ha Hatao
(c)
Indira Hatao
(d)
Grand Al Alliance
How does political leadership of a nation affect its foreign policy? Explain with the help of any two examples from India’s foreign policy.
4
29.
Describe any four circumstances for proclamation of emergency in 1975.
4
30.
Who were Dalit Panthers? What did they stand for?
4
31.
What was India’s response to on-going cold war? Which interest of India I ndia did nonalignment serve?
6 Or
India’s relations with Russia are an important aspect of India’ I ndia’ss foreign policy. How was it of great benefit to India? 32.
Examine India-U.S. relations.
6 Or
Analyse the basis of projection of China Chi na to overtake the U.S. as the world’s largest economy by 2040. 33.
What were the main considerations for bringing princely states with Indian Union? Who played the historic role in this task? Or
What was Green Revolution? Examine any two positive and two negative consequences consequences of Green Revolution. 34.
What does the term ‘Syndicate’ mean m ean in the context of the Congress Party of the sixties? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress Party?
6
Or
‘Governments that are perceived to be anti-democratic are severely punished by the voters’ ? Explain this statement with reference r eference to emergency period 1975-77. 35.
How do public or social movemen movements ts in India, strengthen democracy? What are their thei r limitations?
6 Or
‘Assam Movement was a combination of cultural pride and economic backwardness.’ Justify the statement. QUESTION PAPER CODE 59/1
1.
Fill ill in in th the bla blan nks in in th the fo follo llowin wing: Cold War War was a competition between ............... and..................backed and.... ..............backed by their
2.
allies.
1
On which ideology was the Soviet political system based?
1
3.
Correct the following statement and rewrite:
1
“The present Secretary-General of the United Nations is Ban Ki Moon, the first African to hold the post.” 4.
What did BWC (Biological Weapons Convention), 1972 decide?
1
5.
Why are India and China exempt from Kyoto Protocol?
1
6.
What is globalisation ?
1
7.
Why did did the leaders leaders of of the the nati nationa onall movem movement ent cherish cherish the ideal ideal of of a secula secularr nation? nation? Give anyone reason.
1
Where Where and and when when did did the the Comm Communi unist st Part Party y come come to to powe powerr in the the world world for for the the first time through democratic clections ?
1
Correct the following statement and rewrite:
1
8.
9.
“Goa was not merged with Maharashtra as the Central Government did not want it.” 10.
What was Chipko Movement ?
1
11.
Mention any two negative effects of Shock Therapy.
2
12.
What was the 9/11 event? What was the US response to it
2
13.
Give any two two reaso reasons ns why why veto veto power power of of the perma permanen nentt members members of Securi Security ty Council cannot be abolished.
2
14.
Mention any four threats, except war, to human security.
2
15.
How How have techno technologi logical cal advanc advancemen ementt and recogni recognition tion of inter-c inter-conne onnected ctedne ness ss affected globalisation ?
16.
Who are indigenous people? What institutions do they follow?
17.
2
(a) (a)
To whi which ch year year does does the the car carto toon on refe refer? r?
(b)
Name the person for whom this comment ‘Aya Ram Gaya Ram’ was made.
2
The following question is for Blind Candidates only onl y in lieu of Q. No. 17.
18.
(a)
The inciden incidentt related related to ‘Aya ‘Aya Ram Ram Gaya Gaya Ram’ Ram’ refers refers to which which year? year?
(b)
Name the person for whom the comment ‘Aya Ram Gaya Ram’ was made.
Study Study the map given given regarding regarding Assembly Assembly Election Election results, results, 1967 1967 and and answer answer the following question:
In which four states of the country, count ry, did the Congress not get a majority in the state legislatures?
2
½ x4
The following question is for Blind Candidates only onl y in lieu of Q. No. 18,
Mention any four states of India wherein Congress got majority in the General General Elections of 1967. 19.
2
Sardar Sardar Patel Patel in a letter to princely princely rulers rulers in 1947 1947 said, said, “I hope the Indian Indian states states shall realise fully that if we do not co-operate and work together in general interest, anarchy, and chaos will overwhelm us all, great and small, and lead us to total tota l ruin”. Answer the following questions: (a) What general interest has been referred to ? (b) What situation would lead to total ruin?
1+1
20.
State any two Directive Principles of State Policy relating to foreign policy.
1+1
21.
Economic Economic preponderan preponderance ce of the US is inseparab inseparable le from from the structural structural power power.. Describe.
4
22.
Mention any four realities that have changed the world politics after the Cold War.
4
23.
Why did the super-powers in the Cold War era need allies?
4
24.
Mention any four common features of European Union.
4
25.
Describe any four issues relating to environmental degradation.
4
26.
Why is the decade of sixties labelled as a ‘dangerous’ decade?
4
27.
During During the early early years years of of indepen independen dence, ce, despit despitee the fact fact that the oppo oppositi sition on parties parties had a token representation they played a crucial role in maintaining the t he democratic character of the system. How?
4
28.
What was Narmada Bachao Andolan ? What was the criticism against it ?
2+2
29.
How does does the politica politicall leadersh leadership ip of a nation nation affect affect its foreign foreign policy policy ? Briefly Briefly explain explain with the help of two examples from India’s foreign policy.
2+2
30.
Describe any four circumstances for the proclamation of emergency in India in 1975.
4
31.
How did did the New New Intern Internatio ational nal Econ Economic omic Order Order come come into being? being? What What reform reformss were proposed by UNCTAD in its report in 1972 ?
4
OR
‘India and the USSR enjoyed a special relationship during the Cold War, War, which led critics to say that:India that:Indi a was a part of the Soviet Camp.’ Do you agree? Support your answer with any two arguments. 32.
Are there any limitations on the hegemony of the US ? Explain briefly.
6
OR
How has the European Union risen to being a super-national organisation? What are its limitations? 33.
What were the consequences of the partition of India in 1947?
6
OR
Explain how the General Elections of 1952 in India were a landmark in the history of democracy all over the world. 34.
What were the factors factors which led to the popula popularity rity of of Indira Indira Gandhi’ Gandhi’ss governme government nt in the early 1970s ?
6
OR
“Governments that seem to be unstable and quarrelsome quarrel some are severely punished by the voters.” Explain with reference to Janata Party rule. 35.
Explain Explain how how the Indian Indian governm government ent has has been been pursui pursuing ng the the path path of democ democrati raticc negotiation to solve the Kashmir issue. OR
“After the elections in 1989, an era of coalition started in which political parties are not aligning or re-aligning on the basis of ideologies.” Explain.
6
QUESTION PAPER CODE 59/1/1 EXPECTED ANSWERS/VALUE POINTS
½+½
1.
Nuclea Nuclearr Missile Missiless or or Missi Missiles les or nuclea nuclearr weap weapons ons and Khrushc Khrushchev hev /USSR/R /USSR/Russ ussia. ia.
2.
Western Economic System/Capitalism.
1
3.
France in place of Australia.
1
4.
NPT seeks seeks to to limit limit the the non-n non-nucle uclear ar coun countries tries to acqu acquire ire nuclear nuclear power, power, but did not have have any check on the existing nuclear powers. It, hence was discriminatory in in nature.
½+½
5.
UNEP ( United Nations Environmental Programme)
1
*6.
Safeguards to to minimise the negative effects pr prevalent in society.
1
7.
Punjab and Bengal
8.
CPI
1
9.
Chipk Chipko o Move Movemen mentt in India India emerged emerged to supp support ort certa certain in issue issuess raise raised d by popul popular ar movements/villagers of (Uttranchal/Uttrakhand).
1
½+½=1
OR
(any other relevant sentence conveying the essence of the statement.) 10.
B. J. P. ( Bhartiya Janta Party).
11.
Eastern :-
1
Warsaw Pact
½x4=2
Western estern :- NATO, NATO, CENTO CENTO,, SEATO SEATO.. 12.
ASEAN ASEAN stand standss for for Asso Associat ciation ion of of South South East East Asian Asian Nation Nations. s. FTA stands for Free Trade Area.
13.
1+1=2
Main concerns are;-
1+1
i)
The Securi Security ty Counci Councill does does not repres represent ent contem contempor porary ary politic political al realiti realities. es.
ii)
It is domin ominat ateed by by a few few pow poweers. rs.
iii)
It lack lackss equi equitab table le repre represe sent ntat atio ion. n. (Any two)
½x4=2
14.
Deter Deterren rence, ce, Defen Defence, ce, Balan Balance ce of power power,, Allia Alliance nce buil buildin ding. g.
15.
Global Global common commonss are thos thosee resourc resources es which which are are not owned owned by any any one nation nation but but are shared by global community.
1 +½+½=2
For example: Earth’s atmosphere, Antartica, the Ocean floor and Outer space (Any two) 16.
17. 17.
Phen Phenome omenon non of each each cultur culturee becoming becoming different different and and distinct distinct as as a result result of globalisation . i)
Rejoicing because of independence of Ind India. ia.
ii)
Mourning due to partition which resulted in loss of life and property.
1 +1 =2
It refers to coalition in parties.
1+1=2
*18. i) ii)
18.
19.
2
Member Memberss of a polit politica icall party party broad broadly ly repre represen sentin ting g divers diversity ity in terms terms of classe classes, s, castes, religions, religions, languages and variou variouss interests is ‘Coalition in a party”. On the other hand, when no party is able to capture majority in legislature, l egislature, some parties form an alliance to form the government. government. It is called coalition of parties.
For Blind Candidates only
1+1=2
a)
In the the abs absenc encee of a clear clear major majority ity won won by by a sing single le poli politic tical al part party y, two or more more than two political parties join hands to form a government.
b)
1989 1989-un -unde derr the Prim Primee Minis Ministe tersh rship ip of P.M P.M.. V.P V.P.. Singh Singh..
Directive Principles of State Policy relating to foreign policy:
1+1
a)
To prom promot otee inte interna rnatio tiona nall peac peacee and and secu securit rity y.
b)
To main maintai tain n just just and honour honourabl ablee rela relatio tions ns betwee between n nati nations ons..
c)
To foste fosterr respe respect ct for for Inte Internat rnation ional al Law Law and and trea treaty ty oblig obligatio ations ns in in the the dealin dealings gs of organized people with one another.
d)
To enco encoura urage ge sett settlem lement ent of inter interna natio tional nal disput disputes es by by arbit arbitrat ration ion.. (Any two)
20.
NFF : National Fish-workers Forum
1+1
Allowing mechanized trawlers and technologies like bottom trawling threatened the livelihood of fishermen. 21.
Most of the non-align non-aligned ed countri countries es were were catego categorise rised d as LDC LDC – Least Least Develope Developed d Countries as
1x4
22.
23.
24.
25.
i)
most most of of them them were were eco econ nomic omical ally ly bac backw kwaard. rd.
ii)
peop people le were were faci facing ng pove povert rty y.
iii)
there there was was no sust sustain ained ed deve develop lopme ment. nt.
iv)
most of them them were were depend dependent ent upon the develope developed d countr countries ies includin including g former former colonial powers.
The hegemony of US as a hard power is due to :-
2+2
•
overwhelming superiority of its military power. power.
•
the US spends more on its military militar y capability than the next 12 powers combined spend.
•
the military dominance is also due to qualitative and technological excellence. (Any two)
Common features:
1x4
i)
Common foreign policy.
ii)
Has its own flag.
iii)
Has Has its its own own curr curren ency cy..
iv)
Has it its ow own an anthem.
1.
Should be a major economic power.
2.
Shou Should ld be a ma major jor mil milit itar ary y pow poweer.
3.
Shou Should ld have have cont contrib ribut uted ed subs substa tant ntia ially lly to the the U.N.. U.N..
4.
Shou Should ld be a big big nati nation on in term termss of of pop popul ulat atio ion. n.
5.
Shou Should ld have have resp respec ectt for for demo democr crac acy y and and Huma Human n Righ Rights. ts.
6.
Should Should be able able to make make the the Sec Securi urity ty Coun Council cil more more repres represen entat tative ive of of the world’ world’ss diversity diversit y in terms of geography, geography, economic system and culture. (Any four)
1x4
Outcomes of Rio Summit:-
2+2
1.
Created Created awarene awareness ss about about the protect protection ion and conser conservati vation on of environ environmen ment. t.
2.
Global Global part partner nershi ship p to cons conserv erve, e, prote protect ct and and resto restore re the the healt health h and and integ integrity rity of the earth eco system.
3.
Common Common but differe differentia ntiated ted respon responsib sibilit ilities ies regard regarding ing global global environ environmen mentt degradation.
4.
The develop developed ed countrie countriess acknow acknowledg ledged ed the respons responsibil ibility ity for sustain sustainabl ablee development. (Any two)
26.
27.
28.
1)
There was no single belt of muslim majority in British India.
1x4
2)
Two areas areas of conc concentr entratio ation n of muslims muslims were were wide wide apart apart – one one in the West and the other other in the East.
3)
Not all musli muslim m major majority ity areas areas wanted wanted to be be a part part of of Pakis Pakistan tan..
4)
The muslim muslim maj majori ority ty provi provinc nces es – Pun Punjab jab and and Beng Bengal al had had certa certain in very very large large areas where non muslims were in majority. majori ty.
5)
The minoritie minoritiess on on both both sides sides of bord border er had had problem problemss who who beca became me easy easy target targetss of attack. (Any four)
a)
Lal Bahadur Shastri.
b)
Indira Gandhi.
c)
Oppo Opposi siti tion on part partie iess such such as ‘syn ‘syndi dica cate te’. ’.
d)
Grand Grand – Allianc Alliancee is the, the, allian alliance ce formed formed by all major major non-C non-Comm ommuni unist st and and non-Congress parties.
1+1+1+1
Politic Political al leaders leadership hip does does have have an effec effectt on the fore foreign ign policy policy of of a nation nation as is eviden evidentt from the following examples : i)
Indi Indiaa ado adopt pted ed poli policy cy of Non Non ali align gnme ment nt due due to to Pt. Pt. Nehr Nehru. u.
ii)
Indira Indira Gan Gandh dhii suppo supporte rted d the cau cause se of of indep indepen ende denc ncee of Bang Bangla la Desh Desh..
iii)
20 years years treat treaty y of peace peace and and friend friendshi ship p with USSR USSR durin during g Indira Indira Gandh Gandhi’ i’ss Prime-ministership.
iv)
Shim Shimla la Agre Agreem emen entt betw betwee een n Indir Indiraa and and Bhut Bhutto to..
v)
Sr. Sr. Man Manmo moha han n Sin Singh gh – Ind Indoo-US US Nucl Nuclea earr dea deall
2+2
(Any two) 29.
1.
All round increase in prices of commodities.
1x4
2.
Indust Industria riall grow growth th was low which which led to unempl unemploym oyment ent on a larg largee scal scale. e.
3.
Agitatio Agitations ns in in Bihar Bihar and Gujrat Gujrat again against st price price rise and corrupti corruption on in in high high place places. s.
4.
Series Series of band bandhs, hs, gharos gharos and strike strikess were were organi organised sed which which caused caused law and order problems.
5.
Railway strike of 1974.
6.
Conflict ict with ith judiciary.
7.
Decla Declara ratio tion n of ele electi ction on of of Indira Indira Gan Gandh dhii null null and and void void by by Alla Allaha haba bad d High High Court. (Any four)
30.
Dalit Pa Panthers was a militant organization of Dalit youth of Maharashtra.
1 +3
Aims: i)
Effe Effect ctiv ivee impl implem emen enta tatio tion n of rese reserv rvat atio ion. n.
ii) ii)
To ach achie ieve ve soci social al just justic ice. e.
iii) iii)
To dest destro roy y the the cast castee syst system em..
iv) To build build an orga organiz nizatio ation n of oppre oppresse ssed d section sections. s. v)
To provide provide a platf platform orm for for Dalit Dalit educat educated ed youth youth to use use their their creativ creativity ity.. (Any three)
31.
India’s response was two fold-
1½ + 1½
i)
It stay stayed ed awa away fro from m bot both h the the alli allian ancces. es.
ii)
It raise raised d its voice voice agai against nst the newly newly deco decolon lonize ized d count countrie riess becom becoming ing part part of of these alliances.
i)
NAM enable enabled d India India to take take interna internatio tional nal decisi decisions ons indepe independe ndently ntly in her own interest rather than in the interests of super powers.
ii)
India India was was ofte often n able able to balanc balancee one one super super power power aga agains instt the other other..
iii)
Played Played an an active active role role by inter interven vening ing in the the world world affair affairss and play played ed a leadin leading g role. (Any two)
1½ + 1½
Or •
The public sector undertakings got aid from USSR .
6
•
Heavy Industries like steel plant were established with USSR’s help and technical kno-how kno-ho w.
•
USSR supported India on Kashmir issue i ssue in UN.
•
USSR used its Veto Veto power in favour f avour of India. Indi a.
•
India received Military hardware from USSR.
•
The Soviet Union and India agreed to jointly produce the military equipment.
•
Indian films became popular in USSR. (Any two)
*32
•
India’s relation with US faced ups and downs,
•
During Cold War, War, US did not have cordial relations relat ions with India because of our friendship with USSR.
•
America’s support to Pakistan also affected the relations adversely. adversely.
•
America supported Pakistan on Kashmir issue.
1½ x 4 = 6
•
During Bangladesh W War, ar, US sent its Seventh Fleet to threaten t hreaten India.
•
After disintegration of USSR and liberalization of its economy by India, relations started to improve.
•
At present, thousands of engineers, doctors and other trained personnel are working in different spheres in U.S.A..
•
Export of software to America has reached nearly 65% of the total.
•
India and USA have joined hands to fight against international terrorism ter rorism after 9\11.
•
Indo-US nuclear deal is in the offing. (Any four) Or
•
Fastest growing growin g economy. economy.
•
End of political isolation in 1972.
•
Modernization in agri agriculture, culture, industry, science and technology.
•
Open door policy in 1978.
•
Privatisation of agriculture agricult ure and industry.
•
Special economic zone.
•
Exponential growth in rural rur al economy. economy.
•
Phenomenal rise in foreign trade.
On the basis of the above mentioned points, point s, it can be said that tthe he growing economic power of China has surpassed even the most developed nations of the world. It is being projected that China shall overtake the US, as the world’s largest economy by 2040. 33.
Considerations:-
5+1=6
•
People of Princely States wanted to be part of Indian Union.
•
Government of India was ready to give gi ve autonomy to some regions and thus was flexible in her approach.
5
In the backdrop backdr op of partition, consideration of integration and consolidation of territorial boundaries assumed supreme importance.
1
•
In the above task the historic role was played by the ‘Iron Man’ i.e. Sardar Patel. OR
As a result of a new strategy adopted by Government of India, I ndia, in order to ensure food sufficiency it introduced:
•
high yielding variety seeds.
•
fertilizers.
•
pesticides.
•
better irrigation facilities.
•
guarantee to buy the produce of the farmers at fixed price, as a result.
the production of food grains increased. This was called green revolution in India. Positive consequences :i)
Rise in wheat production.
ii)
Rais Raised ed avai availa labi bili lity ty of food food in the the cou count ntry ry..
Negative consequences:consequences:i)
Only Only upp upper er class class and and rich rich peasa peasants nts and and lan land-l d-lord ordss were were benef benefitt itted. ed.
ii)
It increased polarization between classes and regions.
*34 Syndicate Syndicate was the informal informal name name given given to a group of Congress Congress leaders leaders who were were in control of the party organization. It was led by K. Kamraj.
2+2+2=6
2
Role:•
Lal Bahadur Shastri and later Indira Gandhi owed their position to the support received from the Syndicate.
•
The Syndicate had initially a decisive role in the formation of first Council of Ministers under Indira Gandhi.
•
Syndicate was also actively involved in the policy formulation and its implementation.
•
After split in Congress, the leaders l eaders of Syndicate stayed with the Congress (O), who later lost their power and prestige in 1971 due to powerful emergence of Indira Gandhi.
•
The Syndicate nominated N. Sanjeeva Reddy, Reddy, a party candidate for the elec election tionss of Pre Pressident of of In India against th the wi wishes of In Indira ira Ga Gandhi, the the the then P.M.. (Assess as a whole)
4
2+ 4= 6
Or
Indira Gandhi’s government took the following anti- democratic democrat ic steps during emergency:•
Excessive use of Preventive Detention Act.
•
Misa.
•
Censorship of press.
•
Abuse of official power on a large scale.
•
Extra constitutional power centers were dominating.
•
Over enthusiasm to control population growth.
•
Arbitrary arrests, torture of the opposition.
6
Due to these excesses and undemocratic steps, the voters uprooted the ruling party which was in power at the Centre since independence. The wrath of the people penalized the Congress to such an extent that they could win only one seat in northern India and the deposits of most of the senior leaders were lost. (Assess as a whole) 35.
The The publ public ic or or soci social al mov movem emen ents ts in in Indi Indiaa•
made the people aware of their rights.
•
educated the people and brought awareness about various signifant issues.
•
active participation of the people mobilized by these movements went a long way to strengthen the democracy.
•
reduced the possibility of social conflicts.
•
ensured effective representation of diverse groups and their demands.
•
represented new social groups whose economic and social grievances gr ievances were not redressed.
Limitations:-
4+2
1.
Focus on a single issue.
2.
Norm Normall ally y rep repre rese sent nted ed only only one one sec sectio tion n of of soc socie iety ty..
3.
Due to weak weaker er relat relation ion betw betwee een n move movemen ments ts and and polit politica icall partie parties, s, some some times times a vacuum was created in politics. (Any two) Or
•
Assam Movement is the expression of cultural pride and economic backwardness.
•
Regarding illegal Bengali Muslims, Musl ims, the Assamees felt that they would reduce them to minority unless the infiltrators infiltr ators are deported from their home-land. They also took it as a danger to their culture.
•
There was wide spread poverty and unemployment inspite of rich natural resources like oil, tea and coal.
•
It was felt that natural natur al resources of Assam were being drained out without any benefit to the local people.
In 1979, the All Assam Students Students Union (AASU), (AASU) , not affiliated affili ated to any political polit ical party, led a movement to emphasise upon the cultural and economic problems of Assam Assam As a result of this movement, Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) the new political poli tical party, came to power in 1985. People voted for them to get their aspiration fulfilled and build a 'Golden Assam'.
QUESTION PAPER CODE 59/1 EXPECTED ANSWERS/VALUE POINTS
1.
U.S.S.R. and U.S.A.
2.
Socialist.
1
3.
The The Pres Presen entt Secr Secreta etary ry - Gene General ral of the United United Nation Nationss is Ban ki Moon, Moon, the first first Korean to hold the post.
1
BWC (Biolog (Biological ical Weap Weapons ons Conve Conventio ntion),1 n),1972 972 banne banned d the produc production tion and and possessio possession n of Biological weapons.
1
*4.
*5.
½, ½
Exem Exempte pted d because because of insign insignifica ificant nt contribu contribution tion to to global global warmi warming, ng, due due to thei theirr industrialisation. OR
1
Insignificant emission of greenhouse gases due to industrialization. industriali zation. 6.
Global Globaliza izatio tion n is worldw worldwide ide interco interconne nnecte ctedne dness ss (flo (flow w of trade, trade, capital capital,, ideas ideas among among people across the border).
1
7.
To treat people of all religions equally i.e. no discrimination on the basis of religion.
1
8.
Kerela. If a Candidate mentions USSR he/she be given credit.
1
9.
Goa Goa was not not merge merged d with with Mahara Maharasht shtra ra as the the peo peopl plee of Goa Goa exp expre resse ssed d their their views views through an ‘opinion poll’.
1
10.
Chipko Andolan began in two or three villages of Uttrakhand (now Uttranchal) when the Forest department refused permission to the villagers to fell ash trees. The department, however, allowed the same patch of land to a sports manufacturer for commercial use. The struggle soon spread around. The villagers vill agers insisted that no forest exploiting exploi ting contracts contract s should be given to outsiders. Women Women of the area actively participated in this agitation.
11.
•
Value of Ruble declined.
•
The collective farm system disintegrated.
•
The old trading structure broke down.
•
The old system of social welfare was destroyed.
1
1x2
(Any two)
12.
Attack on North North and South South Towers of W.T W.T.O. .O. and and Pentagon Pentagon building building on 11 11 th Sep. 2001 by terrorists.
1 +1
U.S. responded through Global War War on terror i.e. Operation Enduring Endur ing Freedom. 13.
i)
Permanent members are unlikely to agree.
ii)
Great Great power powerss wou would ld lose lose inte interes restt in in the the world world body body.
iii)
Withou ithoutt these these the the Securi Security ty Coun Council cil woul would d be ineff ineffec ectiv tive. e.
1 +1
(Any two) 14.
Hunger, disease, natural disasters, genocide, terrorism.
½ x4 (Any four)
*15. The technological technological advanc advancemen ementt and recognitio recognition n of interconne interconnectedn ctedness ess have resulted in flow of commodities, capital, trade, ideas and people across the borders. 16.
The descendents of pe people who who inh inhabite ited the the pres resent te territ rritor ory y of a countr ntry at the
2 1+1
time when persons of different culture cultur e or ethnic origin arrived there from other parts part s of the world. They follow the institutions inconformity inconformit y with their particular social, economic and cultural customs and traditions. *17. Th T his cartoon refers to the year 1967.
1+1
It was used for Gaya Lal, an MLA in Haryana, who changed changed party thrice within a fortnight. 18.
Punjab, Punjab, Himachal Himachal Pardesh, Pardesh, Delhi, Delhi, Uttar Pardes Pardesh, h, Rajasthan Rajasthan,, Bihar, Bihar, West Bengal Bengal,, Orissa, Kerala And Tamil Nadu .
½ x4 (Any four)
For Blind Candidates:
Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir. (Any four) 19.
The general interest here refers to people of India at large.
1+1=2
If the princely states did not accede to India, that would be disastrous both for India as well as the states. 20.
The state shall endeavour to :a)
prom promot otee inte intern rnat atio iona nall peac peacee and and secu securi rity ty..
b)
mainta maintain in just just and and honour honourab able le relati relations ons betwe between en natio nations ns..
1+1
c)
foster foster respect respect for Internat Internationa ionall Law Law and and treaty treaty oblig obligatio ations ns in the the dealing dealingss of of organized people with one another.
d)
encou encourag ragee sett settlem lemen entt of intern internati ation onal al disp dispute utess by by arbi arbitra tratio tion. n. (Any two)
*21. U.S. Hegemony is reflected
22.
23.
24.
25.
1x4
i)
in all all sec secto tors rs of world world econ econom omy y and and world world tech techno nolo logy gy..
ii)
shar sharee in the the worl world d econ econom omy y - 28% 28%
iii)
shar sharee in the the worl world d trad tradee
iv)
figures figures among among top three three in every every sect sector or of of world world econom economy y.
-
End of Cold War confrontations.
-
Sole supremacy of the U.S.
-
Capit Capitali alist st econ econom omy y as as mos mostt dom domina inant nt econ econom omic ic syste system m inte intern rnati ation onall ally y.
-
Instit Institut ution ionss like like World orld Ban Bank, k, IMF IMF (In (Inter terna natio tiona nall Mone Moneta tary ry Fun Fund) d) bec becam amee powerful advisors.
-
Libe Libera rall dem democ ocra racy cy emer emerge ged d as as the the best best way way to to org organ aniz izee pol politi itica call life life.. (Any four)
i)
Vital resources - oil and minerals
ii)
Territori erritories es of of allies allies could could be used used as places places for laun launchi ching ng their their weap weapons ons..
iii)
Their Their loc locati ation onss could could be be used used for for spyin spying g each each othe otherr.
iv)
Econo Economic mic supp support ort from from allie alliess for for milit military ary expen expense ses. s.
•
European Union’s Flag.
•
European Union’s Anthem.
•
European Union Currency – Euro.
•
Common foreign and security policy. pol icy.
-
No extension of cultivable area.
-
Losing fertility.
-
Over – grazing.
-
Water - shortage.
-
Natur tural fore foressts - de deforestation.
-
Decline in total Ozone.
-
Coastal pollution.
- 15% 15%
4
4
1x4
1x4
(Any four)
*26.
•
Doubts about democratic succession after Nehru’s death, - Lal Bahadur Shastri’s era.
•
Economic implications of war with China.
•
Failed monsoons, drought and serious food crisis.
•
War with Pakistan Pakist an in 1965.
•
Death of Lal Bahadur Shastri.
•
Crisis of leadership - peaceful transition of power power – Indra Gandhi’s Gandhi’s era conflict with Syndicate.
•
Decline in agricultural production, serious food shortage, depletion of foreign exchange, drop in industrial production, devaluation, price rise, unemployment.
•
Bandhs and strikes.
4
(Any four) 27.
28.
•
sustained sustained and often principled criticism of the policies and practices of the Congress.
•
Kept ruling party under check.
•
Change of balance of power within Congress. C ongress.
•
Prevented the Congress from being undemocratic.
•
Mutual respect for each other among political parties and their leadership. (Any four)
4
A moveme movement nt to save Narmada Narmada from from negativ negativee effects effects of Sardar Sardar Sarovar Sarovar Project Project in Gujrat and Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya M adhya Pradesh; questioned the nature of on-going developmental projects in the country. country. •
245 villages were expected to be submerged and required relocation of two and a half lakh people.
•
demand for cost-benefit analysis including social costs (resettlement of project affected people, loss of the means of their livelihood and culture, depletion deplet ion of ecological resources).
NBA demanded role of local communities. National Rehabilitation Police, 2004 of the government government a great achievement. Supreme Court’s verdict with a nod to government to go ahead with development projects
4
The movement side-lined the impact of Sardar Sarovar Project on the development of the region. 29.
Political Political leader leadership ship affects affects the foreign foreign policy policy of a nation nation becaus becausee of its strong strong belief belief regarding some particular issue related to foreign affairs.
4
Jwahar Lal Nehru
- Non-alignment.
Lal Ba Bahadur Sh Shastri
- Indo-Pakistan Wa War.
Indra Gandhi
- Bangla Desh War. - 20 years years Treaty reaty of of Frien Friendsh dship ip with USSR. USSR. - Shim Shimla laAgre Agreem emen ent. t.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- Nuclear Test. - Confide Confidence nce buildin building g meas measure uress with with Pakista Pakistan. n. - Bus Bus servi service ce betw betwee een n India India and and Pakist Pakistan an..
Man Mohan Singh
- Indo-U.S. Nuclear Deal. (Any two)
30. 30.
31
1.
All ro round in increase in in pr prices of of co commodities.
2.
Indust Industria riall grow growth th was low which which led to unempl unemploym oyment ent on a larg largee scal scale. e.
3.
Agitat Agitation ionss in Bihar Bihar and and Guj Gujra ratt agai agains nstt price price rise rise and corr corrupt uption ion in in high high places places..
4.
Series Series of band bandhs hs,, geha geharos ros and and strik strikes es were were orga organis nised ed whic which h cause caused d law law and and order problems.
5.
Railway strike of 1974.
6.
Conflict ict with ith judiciary.
7.
Declaration of election of Indira Gandhi null and void by Allahabad High Court.
New Internatio tional Economic Order came into existence to develop economic mically the LDCs- Least Developed Countries and lift their people out of poverty.
4 2+4
UNCTAD ( United Nation’s Conference on Trade and Development) proposed pro posed a reform of global trading system so as to :(1)
give give the LDCs LDCs contro controll over over their their natura naturall resour resources ces exploit exploited ed by by the develo developed ped western countries.
(2) (2)
obtain obtain access access to western western markets so that that LDCs could sell their their product productss and, therefore, make trade more beneficial for the poor countries.
(3) (3)
reduc reduced ed cos costt of tec techn hnol olog ogy y from from the the wester western n coun countri tries es..
(4)
provide provide the LDCs with a greate greaterr role role in internatio international nal economic economic institutio institutions. ns.
By late 1980’s 1980’s the NIEO initiative faded because of stiff opposition from the developed countries. Or
India’s relations with Russia are an important aspect of India’s foreign policy policy.. India and Russia enjoyed a special mu multi-dimensional relationship.
1+1+1+1+2
Economic assistance to Indian public sector, special assistance for steel st eel plants and machinery plants. •
accepted Indian currency for trade.
Political :- supported India on Kashmir issue in U.N. and during war in 1971. Military: India received military hardware from Russia •
entered into several agreements with Russia allowing India to produce military equipment
India stands stands to benefit benefit from its relationship due to the the support on Kashmir, arms supplies, sharing information on terrorism, terrori sm, balancing relations with China. Russia also benefited from this relationship on different issues. 32.
•
It now appears that certain constraints are slowly beginning to operate after 9/11.
•
Open nature of American society. society.
•
American mass media imposes imposes or promotes a particular perspective from time to time on domestic public opinion of the U.S.
Role of NATO NATO ( North Atlantic Treaty Organization) The allies of the USA, contribute to moderate the exercise of U.S. hegemony (To be evaluated as a whole )
6
•
Or Rise of the European Union as a super national organization: organization: Collapse of the Soviet block, creation of European Parliament, common common foreign and security policies, the adoption of a single currency. Ecomically – world’s biggest economy larger than that of U.S. Euro’s possible threat to U.S. dollar; largest GDP and share in world trade – three time larger than that of U.S.; important economic role in W.T.O. .T.O. Politically- Two Two of its members- Britain and France are permanent members of U.N. . Its use of diplomacy, diplomacy, economic investments negotiations with other countries have been been quite effective . Miltiarily combined forces of E.U. E .U. seem to be largest in the world. E.U. membersFrance and U.K. U.K. have nuclear nuclear arsenals;
Second most important source of space and and communication technology. technology. Limitations :- Clash pertaining to foreign relation and defence policies of the members.
Euro- Skepticism in Europe about about EU’s EU’s intertegrationist agenda. Opposition to Maastricht Treaty Treaty and adoption adoption of EU.
6
*33. A brie brieff acco accoun untt of parti partition: tion: Largest most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population.
6
Ruthless killings loss of property, in the name of religion. Forced to leave homes and immense sufferings. Division of government. properties, assets, assets, administrative apparatus, apparatus, furniture etc. Pakistan became a Muslim state, while India- a secular state. (To be assessed as a whole.) Or
Elect lectio ion n Commission set up in 1950. It wa was not easy to hold a free and fair elec lection tionss.
6
Experiment of Universal Adult Franchise at a very large scale in the world. 17 crores voters. Test of democracy of poor and illiterate il literate masses. Preparation for election was a mammoth exercise. Trained Trained over a lakh officers for polling. The effort made was successful. More than 50% voters voter s used their franchise. Critics all over the world silenced over over the grand achievement achievement which was a land mark in history. histor y. ( To be evaluated as a whole) 34.
•
Running ing government with minority after split in Congress, with support of of CP CPI and DMK.
•
Implementation of land reforms and land ceiling laws.
•
Positive programme with slogan “Garibi Hatao”.
•
Generation of a sharing base among the disadvantaged especially especially landless labourers , dalits, minorities, women and unemployed. unemployed.
•
Massive majority in Lok Sabha election in 1971.
•
East Pakistan crisis- Indo-Pak war. war.
•
Historical surrender by Pakistan Army and creation of Bangladesh. Bangladesh.
•
Emergence as a strong nationalist leader with successive successive election victories at centre and in States.
•
Indira Gandhi assumed a position of un-precedented political authority. Or
Janta Party formed with opposition parties, leaders within Congress who were opposed to emergency; emergency; joined joined under under the leadership of Jaya Parkash Narayan. Narayan .
6
6
Janta Party won 330 seats in Lok Sabha in 1977 with its allies, Janta Party itself won 295 seats. In north India , it was a massive electoral victory for Janta Party. Janta Party was non non co-hesive, stiff competition for Prime Minister-ship among Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Jagjiwan Ram. Lacked direction, leadership leadershi p and a common programme, no fundamental change in policy. Morarji lost majority in 18 months as a result of split in Janta Party. Party. Charan Singh’s Singh’s government could remain in power for just four months. Fresh general elections in January, 1980. Indira Gandhi Congress won 353 seats. Experience of 1977-79 taught a lesson in relation to the democratic politicsgovernments that are seen to be unstable and quarrelsome are punished by the voters. (To be evaluated evaluate d as a whole) 35.
A br brief de description of Kashmir problem. Kashmir a princely state, wa wanted to to re remain independent. Tribal attack from Pakistan on Kashmir in 1947 led the ruler Hari Singh to seek help from India. Acceded to India formally form ally and with an agreement that after the situation normalizes the views of the people would be ascertained about their future. The infiltrators were driven back. The territory under the occupation of Pakistan was named as Azad Kashmir. It has two dimensions External - Pakistan has always claimed that t hat Kashmir valley should be a part of Pakistan. Since 1947 Kashmir has remained a major issue of conflict.. Armed attack in J. and K. by Pakistan in 1965. The people of valley did not help Pakistan, Counter- offensive on Punjab border of West Pakistan. Tashkant Tashkant Agreement between Lal Bahadur Shastri Shast ri + Ayup Khan. Simla Agreement between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Indira Gandhi. Cross border militancy and terrorist activities. Dialogue between President Mushraff and Indian leaders. Internal •
Started negotiations with various separatist groups.
•
Providing extra facilities to local Kashmiris.
•
Holding elections to elect their t heir representatives.
•
Talks with rulers of Pakistan to end terrorism.
•
Assess the demands of the people, peopl e, and to resolve them speedily. speedil y. (Any four)
6
Or
Parties have not been aligning or realigning on the basis of ideologies. National Front was an alliance of Janta Dal and other regional parties- some of them even diametrically opposite to each other. The regional parties played a major role r ole in aligning or realigning r ealigning in the subsequent years. Examples:National Front led by Janta Party - supported by Congress ( Nov. 1990- June 1991) Congress supported by AIADMK and some smaller parties ( June 1991 to 1996) United Front Government with Congress support June 1996-March, 1998) National Democratic Alliance (N.D.A.) ( March,1998, May, 2004) United Progressive Alliance (U.P.A.) (U.P.A.) since 2004. (To be evaluated evaluate d as a whole)
6
