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CLASSROOM SETUP USING RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 6.0 SERVER version 6.0-6 (Last modified 20101204 by Forrest Taylor ) Introduction ============ Effective delivery of Red Hat courses depends heavily upon a successfully installed classroom. Preparation is the key to an error-free classroom install performed in a timely manner. These instructions outline the steps you need to take to prepare a classroom environment for the delivery of a Red Hat class. These steps should be followed in the order they are given. Do not skip any steps unless they are marked as "Optional." Finally, pay close attention to the sections marked as "WARNING." Ignoring these warnings could result in the loss of your personal data, possibly force you to start the installation process over, or, in the worst case, leave you in a situation where you are unable to install your classroom server. What You Need to Succeed ======================== In order to complete these instructions, you will need:
Access to a Red Hat Network account Access to CertForums A CD/DVD burner Blank CD/DVD-ROM media A USB2 hard disk drive (or memory stick), minimum 6 GB A cache directory where you will store the DVD ISO, rhce-config and oth items needed to build the USB device; miniumu 8 GB Your Red Hat Network account should provide you access to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Server installation media. You should also have an account on CertForums that allows you to download classroom setup materials (including these instructions). If you do not have access to both of these resources, please contact your regional Red Hat Global Learning Services office. Sign up to vote on this title
Useful useful Training partners or system administrators who want toNot set up a classroom for an on-site course will need to obtain these materials from their Global Learning Services contact at Red Hat.
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have access to a spare kit before class, grab the x86_64 installation DVD labeled "DVD 1/Installation Disc 1 of 1/For 64-bit x86_64". Another option is to download the installation media from Red Hat Network. Connect to Red Hat Network using a web browser and log in to your gls-USERNAME account: https://rhn.redhat.com/ Select:
Channels Filter by Product Channel change "Latest Version" to "6" unless it is the latest change "All Architectures" to "x86_64" click "Filter" click the "x86_64" link that appears below the "Architecture" colu in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6 row Click on the "Downloads" tab From this page, download the "Binary DVD" ISO image. Allow plenty of time for the ISO download. This operation can take several hours depending upon the speed of your Internet connection and the speed of Red Hat Network's servers. Verify the integrity of all ISO image by running md5sum and comparing its output with the MD5 checksum displayed on the RHN download page. If the MD5 checksum doesn't match, remove the corrupted ISO and re-download. Never burn a DVD/CD or otherwise use an ISO image without checking the MD5 checksum first!
The hashes for rhel-server-6.0-x86_64-dvd.iso (3273 MB): MD5: f7141396c6a19399d63e8c195354317d SHA-256: a6fef01cb4d790975a11479018785bfe4e04b9bdeaea8be24c8a4055f98d
2. Download the following files: * RHCI CD image (rhci-rhel-6.0-0-r*.iso) * The rhce-config RPM (rhce-config-6.0.0-*.noarch.rpm) * Optional repository tarball (rhel-server-6.0-x86_64-optional.tar * Errata repository tarball (rhel-server-6.0-x86_64-errata.tar.gz) * The usb-creator-external.sh script * The MD5SUM.RHEL6.ALL checksum file Sign up to vote on this title
Usefularea: Not useful Use a browser to view the CertForums "Downloads" https://certforums.redhat.com/download.php
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Select the forum link labeled for the course and language you will be teaching. You will find the slides and other material published by Red Hat Global Learning Services. Be aware that new course slide RPMs may include videos and be quite large, so be sure to download before Monday morning! Prepare Classroom Setup Materials ================================= It is always a good idea to have two copies of the installation media available when you setup a classroom. Typically you will use your USB device for class setup but some on-site customers do not allow USB devices into their workplace. You should burn at least one copy of the installation media to DVD as a backup. 1. Burn and Verify Instructor System Installation DVD Media Log in as root and use the following command to burn the ISO image to DVD: cdrecord -eject -v -data -nopad -dao [dev=DEVICE] FILENAME
where FILENAME is the path name of the ISO you wish to burn and DEVICE is optionally the name of the DVD burner device file (/dev/cdwriter for example). The dev= argument is required only when you have more than one CD/DVD device installed in your computer. To verify your install media, boot from the DVD and enter: linux mediacheck
at the syslinux "boot:" prompt. You will be prompted to insert the DVD you want to verify. ****************************** WARNING ****************************** * If you do not verify your installation media - one Monday * morning you will find yourself with a partially installed * instructor system, corrupt install media, and no burner with * which to replace it. Checking your media does not take long * so JUST DO IT! Sign up to vote on this title *********************************************************************
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Burn one or two RHCI CDs. Make sure the image you use is current because rhce-config RPMS are matched to work with a specific version
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appropriately. Partition the media with fdisk, using the entire media in a single partition. ****************************** WARNING ****************************** * Certain directories of the partition will be copied onto the * local instructor system hard drive partition * /usr/local/share/gls/GLSINST * so DO NOT STORE ANYTHING PERSONAL IN THOSE DIRECTORIES, and * keep the total size of those directories UNDER 10 GB. *********************************************************************
b) Place the following files from CertForums into a cache directory of yo choosing: * RHCI CD image (rhci-rhel-6.0-0-r*.iso) * The rhce-config RPM (rhce-config-6.0.0-*.noarch.rpm) * Optional repository tarball (rhel-server-6.0-x86_64-optional.tar * Errata repository tarball (rhel-server-6.0-x86_64-errata.tar.gz) * The usb-creator-external.sh script * The MD5SUM.RHEL6.ALL checksum file Also, place the RHEL DVD x86_64 Installation DVD ISO file into the cach directory. This directory will be used to create the USB device. need to hold at least 8GB of data.
This directory
c) Plug in the USB device and note the device name. Run the usb-creator-external.sh script. At a minimum, you must pass it the -c option to point to the cache directory used above, and the -p option to point to the device name. Other options will be printed by running script with no arguments.
ext4 has been shown to provide faster data transfers to USB device, s the script will ask to format the drive with a new ext4 filesystem. subsequent runs you may skip formatting the drive and the script will u rsync to transfer data as necessary. The script will assign the USB device a label of GLSINST. ****************************** WARNING ****************************** * The current RHCI install media looks for and "protects" media * with a label of GLSINST. But, as always, make sure you carry * a backup of this data.... Sign up to vote on this title *********************************************************************
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Example script execution: sudo ./usb-creator-external.sh -c /data/rhel6.0 -p /dev/sdh1
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* If there is a new version of any of the material in the cache * directory (e.g., rhce-config*.rpm, RHCI ISO), simply copy the * updated material to the cache directory and run the * usb-creator-external.sh script again. On subsequent run of * the usb-creator-external.sh script, it is not necessary to * format the USB device again. If you skip the format step, it * will use rsync to copy the new files to the correct locations. ********************************************************************* Install Instructor System ========================= 1. Kickstart Instructor System
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 classroom requires KVM virtualization. means that ALL of the machines (instructor and student workstations) mu have virtualization enabled in the BIOS. Ensure that the instructor machine has virtualization enabled in the BIOS before beginning the installation.
It has been reported that some systems require a hard power off followed by a power on after enabling virtualization in the BIOS. There have also been reports of disabling Trusted Platform (TP) in the virtualization section to allow KVM to work correctly. Before you reinstall a previously used instructor system, make sure it was built with a current version of the RHCI CD. If not, then rebuild the instructor system from scratch. ls /usr/local/share/gls/GLSINST/rhel6/rhci/rhci-rhel-*.iso
To rebuild a previously installed instructor system, gracefully reboot and select "Reload Instructor for Class" from the GRUB menu. You will be prompted for a password. Enter "redhat" and the installation will begin. You may also be prompted for the timezone information, so wait until you have selected your time zone before you leave the installation to do other things (like put out the student workbooks). ****************************** WARNING ****************************** * Disconnect all external media during a reinstall or they will Sign up to vote on this title * be erased. You have been warned! Useful Not useful ********************************************************************* ****************************** WARNING ******************************
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Make sure your USB device is inserted and choose your installation type: Sheet Music
freshclass - Install a new Instructor server from scratch. (ks on USB freshccd - Install a new Instructor server from scratch. (ks on CD) workstation - Install a new student workstation (pass the class as an argument, e.g. workstation sa1) small - Install minimal system for classroom metadestroy - Wipe the beginning/end of ALL partitions (CAUTION!) Use metadestroy thorough to follow with full disk(s) wipe.
Type in "freshclass" as indicated on the menu. If your USB device was properly configured, it should automatically find the install source an begin the installation. The installation should only ask for your language and timezone.
If the installer asks for the install media, that means that something gone wrong. Check that the USB device has been properly configured. install media should be found in ${USB_DEVICE}/rhel6/isos/. Anaconda will prompt for time zone information so wait until you have selected your time zone before you leave the installation to do other things (like put out the student workbooks). Once your installation is complete, reboot the system.
If you have grub issues, please see the GRUB ISSUES section in the appe below. A non-privileged user, instructor, has been created for your use. instructor and root use a password of "redhat". 2. Verify (or Copy) the Structure in /usr/local/share/gls/GLSINST/ ****************************** NOTE ********************************* * The this step should be taken care of by the freshclass * automation, but verify. *********************************************************************
/usr/local/share/gls/GLSINST/ should contain the rhel6/ directory just like the USB device does. Validate the structure by running /root/bin/gls-verify-files. Sign up to vote on this title
Useful Not useful This script verifies the following files/directories: # Installation source
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The rhce-pubkey RPM is located in /var/ftp/pub/gls/Packages/ Sheet Music
3. Prepare for the course Run /root/bin/gls-setcourse to select the proper course. done before student desktops are installed.
This must
Install the class-specific materials available from CertForums. 4. Install virtual machines on instructor Run /root/bin/install-demo and /root/bin/install-remote. You need not wait for them to finish installing before moving on.
install-demo installs the demonstration machine for the instructor. DNS name of this machine is demo.example.com, and the virtual domain na is demo. You can view the installation progress by running: virt-viewer demo
When demo has finished installing, snapshot the LV as explained in the Finish Instructor Configuration section below.
install-remote installs a remote virtual machine that has 192.168.1.X I aliases for students to use to check their security. The DNS name of machine is remote250.remote.test, and the virtual domain name is remote (although it is named install_remote during the installation). The install-remote script polls the remote virtual machine and will automatically reboot it when complete. To follow the installation run virt-viewer install_remote ****************************** NOTE ********************************* * You will see some libvirt errors as the script polls for the * completion of the installation. It is safe to ignore these * errors as long as the installation is progressing. ********************************************************************* Install Student Machines ======================== 1. Kickstart Student Machines
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Useful Not useful The Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 classroom uses KVM virtualization. Tha means that ALL of the machines (instructor and student workstations) mu have virtualization enabled in the BIOS. Ensure that each of the stud
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first IP address and work from there. *** PXE Method (Supported) ***
All systems must be able to PXE boot in the classroom environment, so t is now the default method. The PXE configuration boots to the local by default, so the BIOS should be set to boot from the network first. To install the student desktop, boot the system using PXE (Intel's Pre-boot eXecution Environment) and choose "Install GLS workstation" (shortcut: w ) ****************************** NOTE ********************************* * The default directory for the TFTP server is now located in * /var/lib/tftpboot. ********************************************************************* *** RHCI CD Method (Supported) ***
Alternately, you may install a student system by booting from an RHCI C and typing: workstation *** Re-install Existing Desktop Method (Not Recently Tested) ***
Yet another approach is available. If the systems already have Red Hat Enterprise Linux installed using GRUB as the boot loader, you can also follow the steps below to start your desktop installations. You do not need to perform these steps if you are using an RHCI CD. At each desktop, execute the following (assuming that wget is installed on the system): wget instructor/buildscript sh buildscript Reboot the desktop. You should have an install option in the GRUB menu. Note you will have to type the password "redhat" to select this menu item. *** Manual Overrides (Not Supported) ***
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Not useful Useful Most of the above methods can be extended by passingone additional argument to the kickstart file. This is here more for QA and testing purposes. For example, if booting from the RHCI CD,
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* If you change the IP address post install, you will probably * need to correct the IP address of any virtual machines on * this system. In fact, it may be safer to simply reinstall. ********************************************************************* If you need to change an IP address, execute the two commands below. leaser is a script that takes an IP as an argument. If no argument is given, it exits. If given an argument, it will test whether that IP has already been assigned by pinging it. If the IP is available, it will request an immediate lease renewal using the desired IP. wget instructor/leaser sh leaser 192.168.0.X Do not run leaser from within X, as X and gdm will be restarted after the networking is initialized with the new IP. 3. Configure DHCP to Statically Assign IP Addresses Once all the candidate systems have their desired IP addresses, create a new /etc/dhcp/dhcpd-desktop.conf that will bind these IP addresses to the MAC addresses. Execute redhcp > /etc/dhcp/dhcpd-desktop.conf redhcp uses arping to collect arp information, then uses arp -a to report host names and MAC addresses. Because it uses information in the arp table, make sure all of the student machines are completely booted to make certain that all desktops are in the table. You should remove the range of IPs that you statically assign. Edit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf and remove or comment the entire pool stanza that is listed below: pool { deny members of "virtual"; deny members of "microsoft-clients"; deny members of "PXE"; range 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.20; } Sign up to vote on this title
Restart DHCP to use the new configuration include file:
service dhcpd restart
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*********************************************************************
When the virtual machines are finished installing, they will stop. The students will need to take a snapshot of the logical volume storage used for the virtual machines by running /usr/local/sbin/lab-resetvm. Students **MUST** run lab-resetvm before beginning any labs. When /usr/local/sbin/lab-resetvm is run, it will start vserver using the new snapshot LV. This script can be run at any time to reset the vserver virtual machine to start from a known-good state. You must not let the students nor yourself reboot the machine during the build process of the virtual machine(s). If you need to rebuild the virtual machines by hand, use the following three steps: virsh destroy vserver virsh undefine vserver /usr/local/sbin/install-vserver
The script presumes that the underlying logical volume /dev/vol0/vserve already exists.
If you already have a snapshot of vserver and you want to install it fr scratch, use the following steps: virsh destroy vserver virsh undefine vserver lvremove /dev/vol0/vserver-snap /usr/local/sbin/install-vserver
After it is finished installing (virsh list no longer shows vserve lab-resetvm 5. Have Students Log In
Instruct students to login as user student with a password of student. Finish Instructor Configuration ===============================
1. Configure demo.example.com Once demo.example.com has completed the installation, run Sign up to vote on this title /root/bin/gls-reset-demo. This script will create a snapshot of the Not useful machine Usefulthevirtual used during the original installation and change configuration to use this snapshot. It will also boot the demo virtua machine. Any time you want to reset demo to a pristine state, run the
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* again if you reset the virtual machine using * /root/bin/gls-reset-demo. *********************************************************************
Set a GRUB password on instructor by executing grub-md5-crypt, then cop the returned string into /boot/grub/grub.conf as follows: password --md5 3. Prepare for Classroom Presentations Get X configured on the instructor system and test the classroom projection system. Run gnome-display-properties to configure the resolution.
There is an instructor account created on the instructor machine for the purpose of giving your presentation. Do not present as root. When y need to demonstrate something as root, log in through a virtual console or su in an xterm for this purpose. The screensaver will not work for root and you do not want to leave an open root session running when you step outside the class. ****************************** NOTE ********************************* * The instructor user has been added to the wheel group and the * wheel group has NOPASSWD: ALL access in /etc/sudoers. ********************************************************************* 4. Configure Instructor System's External Network (Optional) Determine whether the classroom is on an isolated network, or else has a single access point to external networks that can be plugged into a second NIC of the classroom server, or detached.
If you have a second NIC in the instructor system you may want to have instructor.example.com act as a gateway for the classroom. First make sure that /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd correctly specifies br0 as the only interface to which it should provide DHCP services. cat /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd DHCPDARGS=br0 ****************************** NOTE ********************************* Sign up to vote on this title * br0 is the bridge that has been configured for the virtual Useful useful that Not * machine bridge. It is similar to the old xenbr0 bridge * was the default on RHEL5 with Xen. *********************************************************************
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dnssec-validation yes; to
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dnssec-validation no; and restart named. In order to provide Internet access to the entire class, execute the following: /root/bin/iptables-nat-masquerade which will create a masquerade rule and save it. You should be ready for class! APPENDIX --
CHANGING vserver DISK PERSISTENTLY There are times when it may be useful to change the underlying disk of vserver. The lab-resetvm and setup scripts take a snapshot of the origina used by vserver. These steps presume you are running on desktopX and edit serverX, but the commands would be similar for any virtual machine. To ma persistent change, follow these steps: 1. virsh destroy vserver 2. kpartx -av /dev/vol0/vserver 3. vgscan 4. vgchange -ay vgsrv 5. mount /dev/vgsrv/root /mnt 6. Make changes in /mnt as necessary. 7. umount /mnt 8. vgchange -an vgsrv 9. kpartx -dv /dev/vol0/vserver 10. lab-resetvm
REINSTALLING rhce-config Sign up to vote on this title Not useful Useful upgrade/removal. The scripts on rhce-config have not been testing with an you need to upgrade to a new RPM package there are two ways to do this:
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None of the scripts will run, so this may mean you will have to run some scripts yourself. Some of these scripts can be found in /root/bin/. SLOW MACHINE (Thanks, ----------------
Wander Boessenkool)
If your students workstations (or instructor machine for that matter) become unbearably laggy at some points it might be ksm. An easy fix for this is to run the following commands on instructor and desktopX: chkconfig ksmtuned off service ksmtuned stop chkconfig ksm off service ksm stop GRUB ISSUES ----------There is a new feature of RHEL that uses USBs devices before hard drives: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=497019
This means that using a USB device to install is usually seen as /dev/sda, grub will be written to this device. The kickstart file attempts to find real hard drive and installs grub to it. If this does not succeed, leave USB device in instructor.example.com to boot it. Once it has booted, use `grub-install /dev/sda` (or grub setup) to install grub to the MBR. You m also need to remove entries pointing to the USB device found in /etc/fstab.
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