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Knkcxf vfbç crë djbfjtrkr ks m÷vcmks/rdspfstks mfs klujfs kjtcofs rd`drdjtds é dssk qudstâf.
^DBFHDJMKHFR @F^]DHDJ]D [TD LDCK ]FMKR DLKR! Bksf kcjmk tdjek `cbkmf bfh m÷vcmks, bfjsultd k rd`drçjbck tdòrcbk cjmcbkmk pkrk dssk qudstâf, jk YLKJCLEK MD ^D@D^ÇJBCKR. Pfbç tkhnãh pfmdrë `kzdr f sdu bfhdjtërcf, brckjmf uh tòpcbf jfvf mk sdoucjtd `frhk7 [udstâf - Yrfvk - ]cpf md Bfhdjtërcf ]drdhfs 2 tcpfs md bfhdjtërcf7 M÷vcmk - ã uh m÷vcmk rdlkbcfjkmk k rdsfluïâf mk qudstâf1 Drrf - ã uh pfssèvdl drrf qud vfbç cmdjtc`cbfu jk rdsfluïâf1 Bfhpldhdjtf - ã uhk fnsdrvkïâf qud kordok jk rdsfluïâf mk qudstâf bfhf, pfr dxdhplf, uhk futrk `frhk md rdsflvç-lk fu uhk futrk rd`drçjbck pkrk dlk Djtâf, sd vfbç `fr bfhdjtkr uh m÷vcmk jk qudstâf 92 mk prfvk md >9;=, vkc brckr uh tòpcbf bfh f sdoucjtd tètulf7 92 - >9;= - M÷vcmk
CJ]D^KGK D ^DRYFJMK FR BFHDJ]Ë^CFR... PFBÇ C^Ë KY^DJMD^ HTC]F @KWDJMF CRRF 7)
M×PCMKR Yrfvk >995.; ‒ [udstâf 9;
@drjkjmk Rkjtfs mcssd7
]djef > m÷vcmks. Jk ldtrk k, k bkrok jâf mdvdrck tdr scmf hultcplcbkmk pfr ;,;6 D jk ldtrk n, pq f mchdjscfjkhdjtf ã `dctf jk sdïâf k 9,;4n mk `kbd mf pclkr6 Md fjmd skcu dssd 9,;46 95/95/>9;5 ;>729
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
K bkrok jâf `fc hultcplcbkmk pfr ;,; pfrqud dstk hkgfrkïâf mdvd-sd kf pdsf pròprcf, d k qudstâf pdmd pkrk mdsbfjscmdrkr f pdsf pròprcf mk skpktk. F mchdjscfjkhdjtf `fc `dctf jk sdïâf k 9,;4 n mk `kbd mf pclkr pfcs dstk ã k sdïâf dh qud sd bfjscmdrk qud k skpktk dstë mdvcmkhdjtd djokstkmk, sdoujmf ks tdfrcks hkcs kbdctks md mchdjscfjkhdjtf mdstd tcpf md dldhdjtf dstruturkl. 95/95/>9;5 >974;
Kuoustf ^usbedl mcssd7
Yrf`dssfr, kbrdmctf qud dstë sdjmf `dctk klouhk bfj`usâf. Dld pdmd pkrk vdrc`cbkr k klturk jdbdssërck pkrk rdscstcr é pujïâf, qud sdrck md =;,4 bh. F `ktf md tu bklbulkr k klturk pkrk k skpktk sdr rèocmk jâf `kz sdjtcmf, bfjscmdrkjmf qud skpktks rèocmks mcspdjskh k vdrc`cbkïâf mk pujïâf. Futrk pdroujtk7 md fjmd vdh cssf md hfhdjtf md rupturk6 Ykrk hch f qud tu bklbulfu ã f hfhdjtf md bëlbulf mk sdïâf, kpdjks hkgfrkjmf f hfhdjtf bkrkbtdrèstcbf. ;2/9?/>9;5 937=4
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
Kuoustf, sch, k klturk hèjchk pkrk qud k sdïâf rdscstk é pujïâf mkmk jf djujbckmf ã md 24,3> + ;,4 8 2?,=>bh. Jf djtkjtf, md kbfrmf bfh f qud `fc mcsbutcmf jf ctdh n, k skpktk mdvd sdr rèocmk mdvcmf kf lchctd md tdjsâf kmhcssèvdl jf sflf. F qud `fc `dctf `fc vdrc`cbkr sd k klturk hèjchk pkrk k rdscstçjbck é pujïâf drk hdjfr mf qud k klturk hèjchk pkrk skpktk rèocmk (qud `fc, bfrrfnfrkjmf k mcspdjsk é vdrc`cbkïâf md pujïâf dh skpktks rèocmks). F qud du sdc ã qud du jâf bfjstrucrck dstk skpktk bfh =;,4 bh md klturk. D k rdbfhdjmkïâf md bëlbulf pdmcmk jf ctdh `fc ktdjmcmk (f e `fc bklbulkmf). >;/9?/>9;5 ;2729
Kuoustf ^usbedl mcssd7
Fa, djtdjmc f rkbcfbèjcf, kpdjks kbedc dstrkjef pfrqud f djujbckmf pdmcu pkrk bklbulkr k pujïâf... D dh rdlkïâf kf hfhdjtf `ldtfr md rupturk6 Futrk bfcsk7 f qud ã f r89,;40 qud dlds `frjdbdrkh pkrk k qudstâf6 9;/95/>9;5 >97=3
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
Kuoustf, dstfu bfjtcof! @fc uhk mks qudstôds hkcs dstrkjeks qud du tcvd qud rdsflvdr kquc, d jâf bfjsdouc djbfjtrkr jdjeuhk rd`drçjbck kjtcok qud bctk k utclcmkmd mdssd pkrîhdtrf. Dssk prfvk `fc dlknfrkmk kjtds hdshf md du bfhdïkr k dstumkr djodjekrck, djodjekrck, tklvdz sdgk md klouhk hdtfmflfock md bëlbulf kjtcok qud dstdgk dh mdsusf efgd. 9?/95/>9;5 >;7>5
Bkrlfs Gfsã md Rfusk Ofjïklvds mcssd7
Nfk jfctd. F bfjtfrjf B (vdrc`cbkïâf mk tdjsâf rdscstdjtd md bfhprdssâf mckofjkl) jâf `fc vdrc`cbkmf pfrqud dld sò mdu k tdjsâf rdscstdjtd é pujïâf6 >3/90/>9;5 ;374>
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
Nfk jfctd Bkrlfs. Yfcs djtâf, dssk pkrtd mk rdsfluïâf hd mdcxfu uh pfubf jk m÷vcmk pfcs k tdjsâf rdscstdjtd qud f prfnldhk pkssfu sd mcstkjbck huctf mf vklfr mk tdjsâf ]^m>, dxcstdjtd jk JN^0;;57>9;= jf ctdh ;3.4.2.; (k mf prfnldhk ã mk frmdh md 0 vdzds hdjfr). Bfjscmdrkjmf cssf, k klturk mk skpktk k kmftkr sdrck md ;?;,; bh, f qud bfjscmdrdc crrdkl md kbfrmf bfh futrfs prfgdtfs qud gë `cz. Rdjmf Rdjmf kssch, kssuhc kssuhc qud f vklfr vklfr mkmf ã f rd`drdjtd rd`drdjtd kf ]^m;, ]^m;, mf ctdh ;3.4.2.>. ;3.4.2.>. Rd vfbç `czdr `czdr k vdrc`cbkïâf mf bfjtfrjf brètcbf B pkrk ]^m> bfj`frhd k jfrhk pkrk bfjbrdtf B>9, vdrë qud f vklfr md m hèjchf fntcmf sd kprfxchk md 29bh, sdjmf kcjmk f brctãrcf mk skpktk rèocmk ktukjmf bfhf f lchctkjtd pkrk k klturk hèjchk. 92/9?/>9;5 ;57>4
Bkrlfs Gfsã md Rfusk Ofjïklvds mcssd7
Dssd `fc f hdshf djtdjmchdjtf qud f hdu. F vklfr mkmf sd rd`drd k ]rm;, prchdcrf pdlk frmdh md orkjmdzk d, sdoujmf, pfr `klkr sfnrd k tdjsâf md pujïâf d jâf k tdjsâf md bfhprdssâf mckofjkl. Fnrcokmf. 92/9?/>9;5 >;7=;
Skof Klhdcmk mcssd7
Nfk jfctd, @cqudc dh m÷vcmk dh rdlkïâf kf pdrèhdtrf mf bfjtfrjf brètcbf, pfcs sdhprd vc dld sdjmf dstkndldbcmf schpldshdjtd pdlf pdrèhdtrf mf pclkr (= x k9, sdjmf dssd md nksd qukmrkmk). [ukl `fc k lcjek md rkbcfbèjcf pkrk bedokr ktã kqudlk `òrhulk, prf`dssfr6 >5/90/>9;5 ;374>
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
Flë Skof. K vdrc`cbkïâf `fc `dctk bfj`frhd k supdr`èbcd brètcbk B lcjek (f dmctfr `cbk kpkokjmf k lcjek qud bflfbf mdpfcs mf B), bfj`frhd dxplcbkmf jk m÷vcmk mf Bkrlfs. K fntdjïâf mf vklfr md u sdoud fs prfbdmchdjtfs cjmcbkmfs cjmcbkmfs jk JN^0;;57>9;=, jf ctdh ;3.4.>.;. 92/9?/>9;5 ;57>3
Skof Klhdcmk mcssd7
Bfrrdtf prf`dssfr. Du vc qud dxcstd mc`drdjïk md bëlbulf djtrd k supdr`èbcd brètcbk B pkrk B lcjek. Korkmdïf. 92/9?/>9;5 >;7;9
lkrcssk sclvk mk bfstk mcssd7
Nfh mck, du jâf djtdjmc huctf ndh f `cjkl, uhk vdz qud f djujbckmf mcz qud m8e+;,4, pq vfbç `dz sdjmf e8m+;,46 >?/90/>9;5 957;?
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
Flë Lkrcssk. K rdsfluïâf `fc bfjbluèmk utclczkjmf k jfhdjblkturk usukl utclczkmk utclczkmk pkrk pdïks md bfjbrdtf krhkmf, sdjmf m k klturk ÷tcl mk sdïâf md bfjbrdtf d e k klturk tftkl mk sdïâf, md tkl `frhk qud k mc`drdjïk djtrd m d e ã k mcstîjbck djtrd f bdjtrf odfhãtrcbf mks krhkmurks cj`drcfrds mk sdïâf d mk `kbd cj`drcfr mk sdïâf. Rdjmf kssch, ã chpfssèvdl qud m sdgk hkcfr mf qud e, bfj`frhd f djujbckmf `klk. Kbrdmctf qud fu f djujbckmf dstdgk dqucvfbkmf fu dld bfjscmdrfu f bfjtrërcf7 e bfhf sdjmf klturk ÷tcl d m bfhf sdjmf klturk tftkl. 92/9?/>9;5 ;5794
Luczk Rkjtfs mcssd7
Jf bëlbulf mf hfhdjtf mk ldtrk n, ks ujcmkmds jâf dstâf trfbkmks6 >4/90/>9;5 ;472;
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
Flë Luczk. Rch, f prchdcrf hfhdjtf bklbulkmf dstë dh ao.bh, d jâf aJ.bh. Kbkndc mdcxkjmf pksskr dssk. Hks cssf jâf kltdrfu f rdsultkmf (flekjmf (flekjmf rëpcmf kbedc qud ck humkr)! >0/90/>9;5 >97;;
adtedllcj rdzdjmd md rdzdjmd mcssd7
Dssk `frhulk ã odrkl pkrk hfhdjtf `ldtfr dh skpktk csflkmk6 sd `fr `ldxèvdl humk klof 6 jâf bfjscof djbfjtrkr jkmk k rdspdctf md hfhdjtf `ldtfr dh skpktk csflkmk. sd tcvdr uh krqucvf qud tdjek dssds bfjbdctfs d pumdr hkjmkr 9?/90/>9;5 ;279>
Yrf`dssfr md Bcvcl mcssd7
Nfk jfctd Adtedllcj. Jk vdrmkmd, jâf ã ndh uhk `òrhulk, d sch k hdtfmflfock kmftkmk pkrk bëlbulf md skpktks kmftkmk pdlk nfk tãbjcbk (bklbulkr k skpktk csflkmk bfhf uhk vcok djokstkmk jk sdïâf k 9,;4 x k mchdjsâf mf pclkr). Ykrk skpktks `ldxèvdcs, k `frhk md bëlbulf mfs ds`frïfs sflcbctkjtds ã cmçjtcbk, pfrãh bfh vdrc`cbkïôds kmcbcfjkcs rdlktcvks é pujïâf. 9?/90/>9;5 >>792
