City-of-Santa-Rosa-CLUP-2018-2026.pdf

Table of Contents 1

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

1-1

1.1 Introduction

1-1

1.2 Sectoral Analysis Matrices

1-2

1.2.1 Social Sector Programs and Projects 1.2.2 Economic Sector Programs and Projects

1-13

1.2.3 Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Programs and Projects

1-16

1.3 Sectoral Profile of Santa Rosa City

1-20

1.3.1 Historical Background

1-20

1.3.2 Local Chief Executives of Santa Rosa City

1-25

1.3.3 Demographic Profile

1-26

1.3.4 Geographic Location

1-28

1.3.5 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision

1-34

1.3.6 Physical Features and Environmental Condition

1-36

1.3.7 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends

1-43

1.3.8 Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities

1-52

1.3.9 Social Service Facilities/Utilities/Amenities

1-59

1.3.10 Economic Structure

1-69

1.4 Development Constraints: Priority Issues and Concerns

1-85

1.4.1 Social Sector

1-85

1.4.2 Environment Sector

1-91

1.4.3 Infrastructure and Utilities

1-93

1.4.4 Transportation

1-94

1.4.5 Local Economic Sector

1-95

1.4.6 Local Administration and Finance

1-96

1.5 Comparative Advantages and Competitive Edge

1-96

1.5.1 Economic Potentials

1-96

1.5.2 Competitiveness of the LGU

1-97

1.6 Functional Role of the City 1.7 SWOT Analysis

1-99 1-100

1.7.1 Internal Strengths and Weaknesses and External Opportunities and Threats

1-100

1.7.2 SO,WO, ST and WT Strategies

1-101

1.8 Development Potentials and Constraints 1.8.1 Development Potentials 2

1-2

1-102 1-102

VISION AND CCA/DRR MAINSTREAMING

2-1

2.1 Vision

2-1

2.2 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Santa Rosa City CLUP Formulation

2-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.2.1 Exposure of Santa Rosa City to Hazards

2-1

2.2.2 Climatic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards

2-3

2.2.3 Anthopogenic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards

2-5

2.2.4 Exposure to Related Hazards of Flood, Soil Erosion and Landslice

2-9

2.2.5 Exposure to Liquefaction

2-15

2.2.6 Vulnerability Assessment of Santa Rosa City to Disaster Risks

2-18

2.2.7 Adaptive Capacity of Santa Rosa City to Disaster Risk Vulnerability

2-34

2.3 Development Thrusts/Goals and Land Suitability Assessment 2.3.1 Thrusts/Goals, Status, Remarks

2-39

2.3.2 Identified Development Thrusts/Goals

2-40

2.3.3 Development Option

2-40

2.3.4 Development Thrusts of Santa Rosa for the Next Years

2-42

2.4 Land Suitability Analysis 3

4

2-39

2-42

PHYSICAL STRATEGY-CUM-STRUCTURE PLAN

3-1

3.1 Physical Strategy Alternatives

3-1

3.1.1 Organic or Unplanned Development Strategy

3-1

3.1.2 Linear Development Strategy

3-1

3.1.3 Multi-Nodal and Interconnected Strategy

3-4

3.1.4 Physical Strategy-cum-Structure Plan

3-4

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

4-1

4.1 Introduction

4-1

4.2 Land Use Change

4-1

4.2.1 Land Use Increases

4-2

4.2.2 Land Use Decreases

4-3

4.3 Planning Period

4-6

4.4 Land Use Plan

4-6

4.4.1 Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ

4-8

4.4.2 Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area

4-9

4.4.3 Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area

4-12

4.4.4 Landslide-Vulnerable Area

4-14

4.4.5 Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development Area

4-14

4.4.6 General Residential Mixed-Use Area

4-15

4.4.7 Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area

4-18

4.4.8 Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area

4-19

4.4.9 Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area

4-20

4.4.10 Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area

4-21

4.4.11 Parks and Recreation Area

4-22

ii


5

6

7

8

4.4.12 City Waters Area

4-23

4.4.13 Road Rights-of-Way Area

4-23

4.4.14 Special Use/Cemetery Area

4-24

4.4.15 Relocation/Resettlement Area

4-24

4.4.16 Evacuation Centers

4-24

LAND AND WATER USE POLICIES

5-1

5.1 Land Use Policies

5-1

5.2 Water Use Policies

5-1

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

6-1

6.1 Social and Economic Sectors

6-1

6.2 Environment and Natural Resources Sector

6-2

6.3 Infrastructure and Utilities Sector

6-2

6.4 Transportation Sector

6-2

6.5 Local Administration and Finance Sector

6-2

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY/ARRANGEMENT

7-1

7.1 Strategies in Settlements

7-1

7.2 Strategies in Infrastructures

7-2

7.3 Strategies on Production Areas

7-2

7.4 Strategies on Protection Areas

7-2

7.5 Strategies on Health and Well-Being (Including Human Capital)

7-3

7.6 Strategies on Sustainable Livelihood

7-3

7.7 Strategies on Physical Protection, Structural and Technical Measures

7-3

7.8 Regulatory Measures to Incorporate in the SP’s Legislative Agenda

7-4

7.9 Activities to be Added to Functions of Existing LGU Departments and Offices

7-5

7.10 Institutional Arrangements for Disaster-Resilient Governance

7-5

7.10.1 City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

7-5

7.10.2 Creation of Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO)

7-5

MONITORING REVIEW AND EVALUATION SYSTEM

8-1

iii


List of Tables Table 1-1

Housing

1-2

Table 1-2

Health

1-4

Table 1-3

Education

1-8

Table 1-4

Protective Services

1-8

Table 1-5

Sports and Recreation

1-11

Table 1-6

Social Welfare

1-11

Table 1-7

Industry

1-13

Table 1-8

Commerce and Trade

1-14

Table 1-9

Agriculture/Forestry-Agriculture

1-14

Table 1-10

Tourism

1-15

Table 1-11

Transportation

1-16

Table 1-12

Power

1-17

Table 1-13

Water/Land/Air

1-18

Table 1-14

Communication

1-19

Table 1-15

Solid Waste Management

1-19

Table 1-16

Santa Rosa City Local Chief Executives

1-25

Table 1-17

Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015

1-49

Table 1-18

Summary of Observations, Implications and Possible Interventions

1-58

Table 1-19

Estimated Costs and Proposed Timelines for Transport Development Project

1-59

Table 1-20

City Agricultural Data, 2013

1-70

Table 1-21

Major Agricultural Land Use, by Type, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2013 (In hectares)

1-71

Table 1-22

Rice Production (Dry and Wet Season), by Barangay, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2015

1-71

Table 1-23

Recommended Soil Suitability, by Type and Characteristics, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2013

1-71

Table 1-24

Number of Heads, Backyard Livestock and Poultry: 1991, 1996, 1998, 2007, & 2011

1-73

Table 1-25

Number of Animal Raisers, 2013

1-73

Table 1-26

Farm Facilities and Machineries, 2015

1-74

Table 1-27

Post-harvest Facilities and Machinery, 2015

1-75

Table 1-28

Private and Public Wet Markets, 2013

1-77

Table 1-29

List of Cultural and Tourism Activities, City of Santa Rosa, 2013

1-78

Table 1-30 Tourists/Visitors Arrivals of City of Santa Rosa, 2013

1-80

Table 1-31

Minimum Daily Wage Rates by Sector, CALABARZON, as of January 2016

1-82

Table 1-32

Average Daily Wage Rates, by Region, 2013- April 2015

1-83

iv


Table 1-33

Household Population 15 Years Old and Over by Employment Status: CALABARZON, 2013-2015 (In thousands except rates)

1-84

Table 1-34

Number of Establishments, by Employment Size, by Region, 2014

1-84

Table 1-35

Workers Provided with Various Livelihood Assistance Services, CALABARZON, 2012-2013

1-85

Table 2-1

Disaster/Hazard Susceptibility/Exposure Inventory Matrix of Santa Rosa City

2-1

Table 2-2

Average Monthly Rainfall in Santa Rosa City (mm)

2-4

Table 2-3

Number of Informal Settler Families, by Barangay, as of January 2016

2-19

Table 2-4

Community Associations and Number of Families Living in the Danger Zones, City of Santa Rosa, 2013

2-24

Table 2-5

Total Number of Senior Citizens, by Barangay, CWSD, City of Santa Rosa, 2013

2-26

Table 2-6

Number of Persons with Disability and by Barangay, CSWD, City of Santa Rosa, 2013

2-26

Table 4-1

Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015

4-3

Table 4-2

Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 20182026

4-8

Table 4-3

List of Possible Measures for Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) and Adaptation (CCA) Considered During Focused Group Discussion Sessions (IPCC, 2014)

4-11

Table 4-4

Distribution of Existing Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2015

4-16

Table 4-5

Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 20182026

4-17

Table 8-1

Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators

8-1

v


List of Figures Figure 1-1

Geographical Location Map

1-30

Figure 1-2

Land Use in Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed, 2014

1-33

Figure 1-3

City of Santa Rosa Map

1-35

Figure 1-4

City of Santa Rosa Land Use Map, 2015

1-45

Figure 1-5


1-51

Figure 1-6

Road Network Map

1-56

Figure 1-7

City Bridges Map

1-57

Figure 2-1

Sub-Basin Map pf the Santa Rosa Watershed

2-6

Figure 2-2

Significant Development on Flood-Prone Areas in Selected Areas in Laguna

2-7

Figure 2-3

City of Santa Rosa Land Use Changes Model: Do Nothing Scenario

2-8

Figure 2-4

Flash Flood Areas and Submerge Barangay Map (HABAGAT)

2-11

Figure 2-5

City of Santa Rosa Land Use Map 2015

2-13

Figure 2-6

City of Santa Rosa Rain Induce Landslide

2-14

Figure 2-7

City of Santa Rosa Liquefaction Map

2-16

Figure 2-8

Province of Laguna West Valley Fault Line 2012 Map

2-17

Figure 2-9

Informal Settlers Location Map

2-23

Figure 2-10

Urban Agriculture District

2-28

Figure 2-11

City Health Center Map

2-30

Figure 2-12

Public Elementary School Map

2-31

Figure 2-13

Location of Government Offices Map

2-32

Figure 2-14

City Road Map

2-33

Figure 2-15

Relocation/Resettlement Area Map

2-35

Figure 2-16

Special Rescue Unit Buffer Respond

2-36

Figure 2-17

Police Community Precint and Jurisdiction Map

2-37

Figure 3-1

Land Suitability Map, 2018

3-3

Figure 3-2

Physical Strategy-Cum-Structure Plan

3-6

Figure 3-3

Land Use in Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed, 2014

3-7

Figure 3-4

Projected Land Use in Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed, 2025

3-8

Figure 4-1


4-4

Figure 4-2


4-5

Figure 4-3

City of Santa Rosa Land Use Plan, 2018-2026

4-7

vi

Section

1 1.1

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Introduction

In response to the initiative of the local leadership to update Santa Rosa City’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), stakeholders’ workshops were held to gather the inputs of the local constituency that will guide the formulation of the different components of the updated plan. Five workshops were held from 2012 to 2013 with the assistance of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB). The first workshop was held on September 18, 2012 and was attended by both government officials and members of civil society. The workshop outputs were sectoral analytical matrices of the city classified into social, economic and infrastructure and utilities sectors. An analytical matrix had three columns, namely: observation/technical findings/issues and concerns; implications/effects; and policy option/intervention/possible solution. Actually, these information were already described and implied in the Socio-Economic and Physical Profile which was prepared earlier by the city CLUP team. The second workshop was held on February 13, 2013 and its purpose was to review and validate the Sectoral Analysis Matrix output of the first workshop. It also revisited the Vision Statement of the city. The third workshop was held on April 10, 2013 and its outputs were the SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) Matrix, Development Constraints and Opportunities and Preferred Development Thrust. It may be noted that these analyses are important guidelines in the formulation of the land use plan. The fourth workshop dealt with additional concerns such as the rapid population growth, limited available land, water management, and effects of disaster s and the city’s vulnerability to them. The fifth workshop focused on the drafting of a new Zoning Ordinance that, like the Comprehensive Land Use Plan, mainstreams Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM). The outputs of the above workshops will be presented in abridged form in the succeeding sections as parts of the process of formulating a climate and disaster risk-sensitive land use plan.

1-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 1. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

1.2

Sectoral Analysis Matrices

The tables presented in the succeeding pages describe programs and projects generated during the different workshops conducted under the supervision of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. The tables present programs and projects according to their sectoral affiliations, i.e. as belonging to the social, economic, infrastructure and utilities sectors. Each sectoral entry reflects he findings, issues and concerns of the stakeholders whose implications and/or effects are subsequently cited and, furthermore, whose policy option/intervention/possible solution is provided. 1.2.1

Social Sector Programs and Projects

Table 1-1: Housing Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Need for more relocation areas 2. Need for more evacuation center

3. Need for more roads/wide roads 4. Need for a centralized transport terminal 5. Need for a low-cost housing for the local government employees 6. Government owned lands being claimed by private developers 7. Need for more housing projects for low/middle income group 8. More “talipapa” being built 9. Along roadsides

10. Overlapping barangay boundaries

Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution

Implications/Effects 













Crowded relocation sites Study time/tables of students affected during calamities Congested traffic situation Causing traffic violations/situations Employees interfering with the relocation/ housing projects for the informal settlers Government lands intended for the less/ informal settlers not used by them Lack of lands for lowcost housing

Sanitation/health hazard for the citizens





Disputes among barangays



















To acquire government owned lands for possible relocation sites Building of more evacuation centers for accommodation of affected students To build more access roads/road widening, additional traffic lights To build a centralized traffic system To have at least one low-cost housing project for the government employees Identification of the said land by the Assessor’s Office for possible use of the informal settlers To build medium-rise housing projects Regulation of the building/construction of talipapas in coordination with proper local government offices Tax mapping/land titles

1-2


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 11. Lack of funding/no budget appropriation for resettlement




12. Lack of available lands to be used as relocation sites





13. Lack of right-of-way for the use of Relocation 2,3,4 and 5 in Barangay Pulong Santa Cruz 14. Lack of funding/no budget appropriation for resettlement












16. Lack of funding/no budget appropriation for resettlement









Acquisition of land for resettlement sites are not addressed Cannot make programs for housing/relocation Schools and other buildings such as livelihood centers, covered courts, and etc. are used as evacuation sites when there are calamities Informal settlers from danger zones are forced to evacuate during calamities Relocates are sometimes changed by the owner of the land “toll fees” Acquisition of land for resettlement sites are not addressed Cannot make programs for housing/relocation Schools and other buildings such as livelihood centers, covered courts, and etc. are used as evacuation sites when there are calamities Informal settlers from danger zones are forced to evacuate during calamities Acquisition of land for resettlement sites are not addressed Cannot make programs for housing/relocation Schools and other buildings such as livelihood centers, covered courts, and etc. are used as





 







 





 

Utilization of the funds under RA 7279 Sect 18 Allocation of budget

Land banking Introduce medium-rise building scheme

Purchase of land as road-right-of-way





1-3


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns

Implications/Effects



18. Lack of right-of-way for the use of Relocation 2,3,4 and 5 in Barangay Pulong Santa Cruz 19. There are no sites identified for socialized housing 20. Proliferation of informal settlers in the city 21. Structures - 8,483 22. Families - 10,781












evacuation sites when there are calamities Informal settlers from danger zones are forced to evacuate during calamities Relocates are sometimes changed by the owner of the land “toll fees” Scattered relocation sites to housing needs of informal settlers cannot be addressed Lack of work for the migrant workers that some are forced to turn to illegal activities to survive Balloon in the population of students studying in public schools that their quality of education are affected/suffered Number of patients of health officers are also affected







Purchase of land as road-right-of-way

Identification of possible socialized housing sites

Strict implementation of the housing ordinance of the city

23. Housing Office lacks technical persons 24. No Service Vehicle Table 1-2: Health Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns Governance 1. Insufficient manpower for primary care prevention a. Doctors (1:20,000 pop) – actual 1:66,620 pop b. Nurses (1:20,000 pop) – actual is







Optimal basic services may not be delivered efficiently Fatigued technical staff







Additional technical manpower Activation of ILHZs for manpower sharing Implementation of RNHeals and RHM Placement Program

1-4


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1:41,637 pop c. midwives (1:5,000 pop) – actual is 1:10,409 pop d. sanitary inspectors (1:20,000) – actual is 1:41,637 pop e. dentists (1:50,000) – actual is 1:83,275




Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution Appropriate budget for personnel services Capability building of health workers

Service Delivery 2. Maternal deaths still occur in the city

3. Home deliveries by untrained birth attendants

4. Low number of mothers practicing breastfeeding







Increase maternal mortality rate/MDG not achieved

Increase maternal deaths/complications needing hospitalization and more expenses Sick children/deaths below 5 years old









5. Incomplete immunization for infants below 1 year old 6. Low number of families availing family planning services

7. Poor families cannot afford the Newborn Screening and Newborn Hearing Screening











Sick children/deaths below 1 year old

Problem in population control Parents may not provide the basic rights of their children including health Newborn errors of metabolism cannot be prevented Hearing deficiency of NBs not detected and prevented











Create and enact ordinance prohibiting home deliveries and only health care providers will do the deliveries Enroll all indigent members of reproductive age in PhilHealth to avail of the maternal package Advocacy of breastfeeding Include breastfeeding practices in the ordinance/ provision of lactation rooms to establishments Create and enact ordinance mandating routine immunization for infants below 1 year old Advocacy to indigent families Provide free education to poor and ignorant people Allocate funds for indigent newborns for NBS/NHS Advocate all birth facilities to be accredited in MCP/NBSP

1-5


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Implications/Effects Concerns Service Delivery (Communicable Diseases) 8. TB Program - case detection target not reached

9. Success rate for TB treatment is not reached (90%) 10. Misconception on dengue cases by laymen





 

More cases of TB not detected, infection control will be a problem

Emergence of MDR and XDR cases Panic of community Overreporting of cases

Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution 





Implementation of Community Health Teams/TB Task Force Enact ordinance at the city level and barangay supporting the NTP Accredit both CHOs for PhilHealth TB Package

Enact and implement proper referral system for dengue and other communicable diseases Barangay resolution on dengue management





Service Delivery (Health and Sanitation) 11. Provision of safe water supply not 100%





Diarrhea as one of the causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in children Emergence of other water-borne diseases like typhoid fever, hepatitis, cholera, amoebiasis





 



12. Lack of sanitation and toilet facilities during disaster response



Increased number families getting sick in evacuation centers





13. Non-communicable diseases increasing in numbers a. diabetes mellitus b. renal diseases c. cardiovascular diseases d. chronic lung diseases e. blindness







Increased morbidity and mortality Less productive head of the family Low income for the family









Strict implementation of PD 856 - Water Chapter Implementation on Handwashing Ordinance Health education Regular monitoring of safe drinking water by CHOs Provision of equipment for monitoring Establish designated evacuation centers with appropriate number of toilet facilities Alternative use for ecosan toilets Strict implementation of existing laws Enactment of appropriate local laws Promotion of healthy lifestyle, i.e. ecopark/ recreational parks Support for provision of specialty doctors to indigent patients

1-6


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Implications/Effects Concerns Service Delivery (Upgrade Facilities) 14. Inappropriate vehicle for disaster response





15. Barangay health stations in Malusak, Market Area located in barangay hall





Delayed health services to hard-toreach areas Personal expenses of front liners Facility not appropriate for health service delivery, more infection/disease can arise Crowded health center

Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution 



Provision of a vehicle appropriate for regular services as well as disaster response Establishment of health care centers for proper health service delivery

Regulation 16. CHO1 not PhilHealthMCP accredited CHO2 not PhilHealthMCP/TB Package accredited



PhilHealth members cannot avail of free services



Assist in the requirements needed to be accredited

Financing 17. Poor families still not members of any social health schemes, PhilHealth 18. Health budget allocated is below 15% (Recommended 15%, MOOE is 45%) 19. (including hospital = 20-25% health budget) 20. Increase in Migration to Santa Rosa City 21. Increase in Population congested to populated areas 22. Overflowing of sick people/patients in the community hospital (SRCH1) as in CHO1 level 2 Outnumbered the number of hospital beds Outnumbered the number of medical staff











Health privileges and package rates not availed (OPD and in patients) Health services may not be given to constituents needing these services

Increase in number of dissatisfied patients Increase in number of patients not given medical attention that should be hospitalized









Target 100% enrollment of indigents to PhilHealth Advocate increase in health budget as recommended

Expansion of the Hospital Construction of another hospital lever 1 (SRCH 2) as in CHO2

Increase in number of mortality

1-7


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 23. Insufficient medicines to the hospital pharmacy due to limited allocation for drugs and very slow processing of supplying pharmacy demands 24. DOH, under the new reclassification of the hospital, requires that the hospitals pharmacy should have complete medicines and supplies


Implications/Effects Increase in number of patients buying medicines outside the hospital





License to operate of the hospital will be affected PHIC Accreditation will be affected









De-centralization of hospital pharmacy from GSO if possible (?) for rapid replenishment of supplies using the allocated budget for the pharmacy De-centralization of hospital pharmacy from GSO if possible (?) Independent budget for the pharmacy

Table 1-3: Education Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Schools have no land title



2. Availability of land area for additional classrooms construction 3. Some schools are prone to flood



No sense of ownership





Classroom shortage





Stoppage of classes Absences of both students and teachers Increase in drop-out rate



Unemployable graduates

 

4. No available laboratory and industrial classrooms







Grant the land title for the school Allocate an adequate land area for expansion Redesign the school structure that could adapt to flood Construct classrooms to areas which are not affected by flood Include in the priority program the construction of laboratory and industrial classrooms

Table 1-4: Protective Services Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Location of PCPs/Substations



Not visible/accessible to residents and those in transit in the city for immediate response







Relocation of PCPs in more strategic location Additional establishment of PCP Improvements of PCPs

1-8


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 2. Lack of personnel ratio (1:3,000)



Inadequate response for police services





3. Inadequate number of mobility



Response time is affected/ delay in the delivery of public service





4. Inadequate number of firearms/weapons and communication equipment 5. Limited resources for the programs 6. Jail congested









Increase of crime volume and decreasing crime efficiency solution Deterioration of peace and order Our crowded cells will cause illness/diseases of inmates Bad odor in Jail Premises











7. Lack of personnel

Multi-function The number of inmates outnumber the number of duty officers that puts the security risk





Assignment of additional personnel Strengthening of BPATs as force multiplier Police visibility patrol as a crime deterent and immediate police response. Additional mobile vehicles needed Additional firepower, mobile vehicle and communication equipment Allocation of fund support Construction of additional cells Acquisition of medicines from LGU & BJMP Regional Office Program for Jail Congestion like follow up of dismissed cases to decrease the number of detainees Additional personnel



8. Lack of equipment



Poor jail operation





9. Poor location and lack of Hydrants and water source 10. Inadequate firefighting equipment





Cannot easily refill water tanks in case of bigger fires Cannot easily access narrow areas and cannot perform well in rescuing the victim that is possibly trap inside





Installation CCTV cameras for security from LGU Provision of computer unit to be used in inmates data To provide more hydrants and more water sources To provide fire fighting equipment (i.e., Breathing apparatus/SCBA and force entry equipment)

1-9


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 11. Lack of aerial ladder for future high rise building 12. Need of additional substations on strategic locations





Cannot easily access high rise building fire fighting To shorten response time









13. Inadequate personal protective equipment for BFP personnel

14. Inadequate BFP personnel and fire volunteer, fire brigade 15. Inadequate means of communication 16. Strict implementation of fire codes 17. Dissemination of fire safety information

18. Permanent evacuation area

19. Understaffed: (responder, office staff, technical staff) 20. Additional technical rescue equipment (high- rise angle rescue)

















Risking firemen lives during fire operation

Difficulty in fire suppression and in rescue operation Delayed in relaying the status of fire incidents and rescue Non compliance of violation Problem in relaying/informing small household and small business Evacuees are not concentrated in one area Slow response

Cannot respond to high-rise building













To provide fire truck with extended ladder that can access high rise buildings Land where the substation will be built Construction of additional substation To provide additional fire trucks, firefighting equipment and additional BFP personnel for the substation Providing an additional PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for BFP personnel to have a 1:1 ratio of PPE like bunker and trouser, boots, goggles, gloves and helmets. Training and recruitment of fire volunteer

Procurement of base and handheld radio Issuance of administrative fines, closure and revoking of license Conducting of public information regarding fire safety such as fire/ earthquake drills and seminars Find suitable area for construction of permanent evacuation center per barangay



Hire additional personnel



Purchase of equipment

1-10


Table 1-5: Sports and Recreation Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Lack of sports staff personnel

2. Sports facilities/location for trainings of different sports (indoor and outdoor games)

3. Potential athletes and active athletes prioritization

4. Continue the programs of priority sports: ball games, contact sports, table games, aquatic sports, athletic games and precision sports 5. New techniques and strategies on supervising the athletes 6. Sports recognitions















Points to prolong field assignments and documentations for immediate feedback of sports task

 

For our athletes to have a specific area of trainings To have an area for tournaments that will cover and accommodate big volume of participants and audiences





Athletes will have the zest to continue their chosen field of sports and schooling at the same time



Identify the city in terms of sports and known athletes

For upgrading advancements





For our athletes’ and coaches’ prestige



Additional sport staff Creation of additional plantilla for sports office Creation of Olympicsize swimming pool, standard size of track oval and open field for football games (outdoor games) Creation of Sports Center for indoor games and seminars and trainings Have scholarships for the athletes that will cater to their schooling and at the same time have continued training programs for their field of sports Continue identifying potential athletes and continue to support active athletes to create world-class players coming from our city Seminars and trainings for coaches. Have a regular sport awards programme annually.

Table 1-6: Social Welfare Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Lack of personnel (Registered Social Worker)



Cannot immediately respond/attend to clients in need



Hiring of registered social workers for additional manpower

1-11


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 2. Lack of social welfare facilities such as: a) Women and Children Crisis Center b) CICL Rehab Center c) Center for Street Children 3. Lack of service vehicle to transport clients to and from their destination 4. Lack of storage for stock filing of relief goods especially during disaster emergencies 5. Lack of practical skills training and productivity center especially for women 6. Lack of Day Care Center/ renovation of existing old Day Care Centers (3 day care centers) 7. Increasing number of domestic violence cases

8. Lack of funds to provide livelihood capital assistance to low means and no income families 9. Increasing number of youth delinquents

















High risk on the safety of lives both for the victims of abuses and minor offenders; Need of vehicle to transport client to and from the Institution Delayed transaction, delayed services

Relief goods are often seen along the hallway outside of the CSWD Office Increased number of women who are idle and unproductive Increasing number of pre-schoolers who are not enrolled in Day Care Center (3-4years); Unsafe existing old Day Care Center Increased number of women and children abuse cases, street children and CICL Increased number of cases of family problem resulting to number of crimes committed Increased number of street children

















Construction of social welfare facilities ASAP.

Purchase of additional service vehicle to expedite delivery of social services Construction of storage facility

Construction of practical skills training and productivity center especially for women Repair/renovation of existing old Day Care Center and construction of additional Day Care Centers (4 more day care centers) Advocacy on the existing laws to address related issues and prevent occurrence of similar cases Provision of capital assistance to increase family income Massive Parent Effectiveness Service Campaign in every barangay

1-12


1.2.2

Economic Sector Programs and Projects

Table 1-7: Industry Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Influx of BPO industry

2. Lack of labor manpower in the BPO industry

3. Laguna Waterfront Development

4. Non-functional Investment Code/ Investment Office

5. Weak support to SME’s

6. Few functional











Increased economic activity in the city, available jobs and other opportunities

Job opportunities brought by the BPO industry were not maximized due to skills mismatch

A future waterfront project in Laguna de Bay, The implementation of this project may promote balance development within the city since most of the development and economic activities were focused in the eastern part of the LGU. Incentives that may provide the difference in attracting new investors and encouraging expansion of existing businesses were not implemented SMEs provide employment and increase economic activities; Support to budding and existing SMEs in the city is minimal and not institutionalized.

Cooperatives promote empowered





















Incentives for the BPO companies Close coordination with BPAP and Philippine Chamber of Commerce in attracting new investors Provide short courses in preparation for the industry needs Accredit educational institutions providing education focused on the industry needs Identify the best method of project implementation beneficial to the city in the long term

Pass amendments in the existing code; pass implementing guidelines, and create a dedicated office for the purpose of investment management

Pass an ordinance which specifically lay-out the LGU support to SMEs Strengthen existing SMEs organization

Maximize existence of organized NGOs (TODA,

1-13


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns cooperatives




constituents and representation thru economies of scale. There are benefits that only cooperatives can avail like tax exemptions, among others, that were not enjoyed by nonmembers.



Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution HOA, etc.) in the promotion of putting-up new cooperatives Aggressive cooperative education programs in all barangays

Table 1-8: Commerce and Trade Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Long list of clearances/ requirements being asked from the tax payers/business owners by the national agencies 2. Duplication of requirements being asked of the tax payers








3. Land use classification of business establishments 4. Boundaries dispute among Barangays


Discourage the taxpayers to secure our permits Inconvenience to the tax payers Discourage the taxpayers to secure our permits Inconvenience to the tax payers

Conflict/disputes among business owners and citizenry





Confusion among Barangay Captains









Formulation of unified policies

Formulation of unified policies

Strict implementation of zoning ordinance/land use classification Consultations between barangays officials, LGU officials, Assessor’s Office & other agencies

Table 1-9: Agriculture/Forestry-Agriculture Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Shifting of land use from agricultural to residential, commercial and mixed use







Reduced area for agricultural production Social problems brought about by the influx of emigrants Social and economic problems as a result



Identify green areas to be protected/exempted from conversion if possible

1-14




Implications/Effects of relocation programs

2. Irrigation problems during development of agricultural lands

3. Decreasing agricultural productivity

4. High cost of production due to high cost of farm inputs







Remaining areas for agricultural production decreases further due to lack of irrigation

Decrease in food commodity contribution

Affects food security















Coordination of local and national agencies concerned before actual implementation of development plan (e.g., National Irrigation Administration, City Agriculture Office, City Engineer’s Office, etc.) Provide farm machineries and equipment and important farm inputs such as seeds and fertilizers to farmers Encourage high-value crop production Encourage hybrid rice production Encourage backyard farming/urban farming Utilize idle lots and open spaces in subdivisions, commercial and industrial estates Utilize idle government lands for agricultural production

Table 1-10: Tourism Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Worsening traffic

2. Peace and order

3. Tourism development a) Cuartel de Santo Domingo






Bad experience in the city, less likely to come back Discourage visiting tourists

Inaccessible location, need approval of SAF to visit the area











Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution More routing or re-route roads. Efficient traffic management Increase police visibility, strengthen tourist oriented policemen Preservation of historical landmarks Claiming of the 8-hectare land

1-15


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns b) The La Playa as tourism destination c) E-Museum and ELearning Resource Center d) Accommodation facilities for small entrepreneurs for product development e) Accreditation of tourism establishments

f) Making of the Hibiscus Bloom City of the South

1.2.3






Additional tourist destinations in the old city area



Younger generation can appreciate the museum better



Low awareness and weak production of local products



Non-accredited establishments may take advantage or exploit tourists









Promote pride and sense of identity by promoting the special flower





Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution Make a tourism spot, museum and cultural map Making the E-Museum and E-Learning Resource Center of the 21st century Increase support and programs to small entrepreneurs producing local products Unified policy should be provided by Department of Tourism A local ordinance accrediting tourist establishments More jobs for barangays Propagation of Hibiscus Rosenian’s Arlene B. Arcillas for barangay product

Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Programs and Projects

Table 1-11: Transportation Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Lack of traffic masterplan



Indicated in the CLUP 2000-2015 but was not pursued







2. Minimal use of bicycles

3. Lack of a dedicated public transport system linking the east (old city area) to the west part of the city (west) NUVALI area





Environment Friendly, Good for the Health Costly and inconvenient for the commuting public





Conduct strategic traffic impact assessment Promote the three E’s of traffic management Participatory plan formulation Provision of Bicycle lanes, Bicycle specific route, etc. aside from sidewalk A local railroad system connecting the old city to the more developed part of the city or a new route of public vehicles from east to south

1-16


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 4. Lack of ferries traveling from one LGU to another using the Laguna de Bay route


5. Improved capability and safety of CTMEO staff



6. Started partnership with TAP and Rotary Club in local traffic education



7. No motorpool / impounding area



8. Lack of traffic signs



9. Lack of pedestrian overpass in heavy traffic and accident prone areas



Will lessen the load of commuters using public roads CTMEO staff prone to harassments

Increased awareness of students about traffic safety Impounded vehicles are considered eyesore in front of police stations Commuters or pedestrians don’t observe local traffic rules Pedestrian is highly at risk to motor accidents













Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution Accreditation of ferries, promotion of water transport as a means of traveling Trainings, capacity building, hiring of additional staff if needed, additional equipment (camera, batons, radios, etc.) etc. Traffic safety park, inclusion of traffic safety education in school children’s curriculum Provision of motorpool

In partnership with the civil society, provide adequate traffic signs Provision of pedestrian overpass in accidentprone areas

Table 1-12: Power Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Untapped alternative power source (wind, solar, hydro)




2. Non-LEED Certified Government Centers

3. Minimal awareness of energy conservation






Dependence on MERALCO and other companies Reliance on fuel generator when there is a power interruption Government centers not serving as a good example of “walking the talk” in energy management

Low awareness and program support of







In partnership with the academe and the private sector in establishing a model in using alternative power source Apply certification from LEED, pass an ordinance stating that all new government infrastructure should comply with the LEED standard. Increase public based activities not limited to the

1-17


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns measures as a way of life

Implications/Effects constituents 

Policy Option/ Intervention/Possible Solution Earth Hour, public hearings, etc. Treat the public not as mere recipients of government programs but rather as active partners

Table 1-13: Water/Land/Air Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns



Environment Sector WATER 1. Over extraction of groundwater; illegal wells

2. Flooding from new land development

3. Contamination of shallow wells and water table







Ground subsidence

New flooding in downstream areas

Cholera, typhoid, diarrhea







LGU to monitor pumpings, require submission of abstraction reports (To be mainstreamed in the environmental clearance) Require flood neutral development, allocate recharge areas; flood zoning, special building codes for flood zones Close and seal contaminated well; Laguna Water Corp. to prioritize plans for water access in dense communities

LAND 1. Harmonization of CLUPs (i.e. ,erosion upstream, sedimentation downstream) 2. Increased built-up areas 3. Mixed use resulting to conflicts







Water quality, flooding

Limited infiltration / percolation of water Difference in land use among adjacent properties resulting in various problems (water allocation, emissions, pollution)







Agreements among contiguous towns (creation of a water quality council) Development of green areas Mixed use – not to be used as a land classification

1-18





AIR 1. Increased number in vehicle volume 2. Due to development and industrialization, high use of electricity 3. Solid waste and wastewater generation

Air quality deterioration, GHG emissions







GHG emission





GHG emissions



Use of non-fuel vehicles, incentives Shift of energy source, renewable energy Minimize waste generation, increased waste diversion

Table 1-14: Communication Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Non-Wi-Fi Government Centers

2. Not 100% landline phone access

3. Non-fiber optics phone lines

Implications/Effects Minimal access to internet/ information/communicati on





Less access to landline





Slow rate of communication Apprehension of investors relying on ICT since desired infrastructure is already present





4. Intermittent cellphone signals within the city




inefficient communication between cellphone users within the city





Provision of open Wi-Fi connections with all government centers Ensure that private companies will also invest/serve the underprivileged sector of the city Encourage private companies to modernize their equipment

Ask cellphone providers to ensure connectivity within the city

Table 1-15: Solid Waste Management Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns Environment Sector 1. Land use for MRF and pick-up stations installation



Complaints





Allocation of MRF spaces determined by brgys.

1-19


1.3

Sectoral Profile of Santa Rosa City

A brief historical perspective of Santa Rosa City is provided in order to trace the whole spectrum of its development that in turn can serve as useful guide in the current planning exercise being conducted for the city. The temporal narrative will provide a picture of the direction being experienced by the city that will inform planners what interventions need to be taken that will lead the city towards a more sustainable form of development. In this narrative, the city’s history is traced through the following periods of its existence: From Barrio Bukol, Revolutionary Period, American Period, Sakdalista Revolt Period, Japanese Period and Post-War Period. A list of local chief executives and periods served is provided at the end (Table 1-16). 1.3.1

Historical Background

1.3.1.1 From Barrio Bukol When the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo, grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, explored the wide span of the Laguna Lake during the early period, he discovered the settlements of native people along the coastal areas--in particular the area of “Tabuco”, that covered what are now the nearby towns of Cabuyao and Biñan. Santa Rosa was then a part of the territorial extension of Biñan called Barrio Bukol--an area presumably referring to the sloping and elevated western section of the town. The land is part of the Hacienda Biñan, the center of vast tracks of land in Laguna owned by the Dominicans, the famed Order of Preachers (OP), as early as 1644. According to stories, a kapilya or chapel was erected by the Dominican friars in 1757. During the period also, the Historical Cuartel del Santo Domingo, a bastion of the Spanish Civil Guards, was established near the boundary with Silang, Cavite to guard and protect the lowland residents from the tulisanes or bandits that roam and cross from the Province of Cavite to the Province of Laguna. During the Spanish revolution, reinforcements against Philippine revolutionaries were stationed in this eight-hectare headquarters. Barrio Bukol was already an established settlement in Biñan spread over various sitios such as Makinang Apoy, Tagapo , Pulong Santa Cruz, Aplaya and Caingin, among others. Similar to the “encomienda system” of the Spaniards, a hacienda situated in the Poblacion area was established. A native woman of the barrio named Doña Juana Galintang owned several hectares of grassland and recognition of her stature in the community was the naming of the plaza after her. The town was named after the first South American saint, Santa Rosa de Lima of Peru, a nun of the Third Order of Saint Dominique. This act indicates the strong influence of the Dominican Order in the town. Through the petitions of the prominent local residents, parts of Barrio Bukol were politically emancipated as the municipality of Santa Rosa on January 18, 1792. It was also during this year when the Rosa de Lima Parish Church was completed. The church was built to honor the Patron Saint

1-20


of the town. The townfolk believed that they were able to withstand the ordeals of the Japanese occupation through the protection, guidance and help of Santa Rosa de Lima. Santa Rosa was the young and beautiful beata and mystic from Lima, Peru named Isabel Flores de Oliva. After leaving a life of corporal mortification, fasting, prayer and dedication to the teachings of Jesus Christ, she was canonized by Pope Clement X on April 12, 1671 and became the first Catholic saint in the Americas. The parish church was built at the poblacion town center and served as the reference point in the establishment of the old municipio or municipal town hall, the public plaza and the gridiron pattern of street alignment around the plaza. This urban form was otherwise called the “plaza complex” which the Spaniards prescribed in physically planning their colonial settlements. As a peaceful and quiet community, the town people went their ways working on the land as farmers, artisans and fishermen. The lake water provided bountiful harvests of rare species of native fish such as biya, hipon, ayungin, tigite, dalag and dulong which are rapidly vanishing during these days in the heavily polluted waters of the lake. The land, however, was blessed with abundant fresh groundwater from its soil layer formation of sand and clastic rocks up to the present day-a natural resource that makes the city very attractive to residential, commercial and industrial development. To this day, many Spanish type bahay na bato houses of the Zavalla, Tiongco, Gomez and Gonzales families still stand. Many skillful Chinese artisans from the Parian of Intramuros settled permanently after constructing the church that was completed 15 years after. Some Chinese became rich inquilinos who leased the farmlands from the friars and subsequently distributed them for rent by farmer tenants. It was a convenient arrangement widely practiced in Laguna during those times. Outside the town center, vast tracks of sakatehan or grassland with scattered nipa and bamboo houses describe the rest of the town. It was in these scattered and uninhabited lands that the legendary bolangapoy was said to appear in the dark of night to burn the sakatahan along its path while superstitious people watch from a distance. It was also said that the people then were enchanted and mesmerized by the colorful fireworks seen during midnight at certain months of t he year. With the start of the Filipino Revolution in 1896 from Cavite that spread like wildfire to Laguna, Bulacan and other neighboring provinces, the town people found themselves divided in the fight for national independence against the Spanish colonial masters. The town “loyalists” joined the Spanish authorities in defending the Royal Crown and preventing the rapid spread of the revolutionary forces that were trying to encircle the old City of Manila. The Spanish army under the command of Captain Heneral Blanco, in a desperate attempt, established a stronghold--the Calamba-Tanauan-Banadero defense line and soon infantry as well as the cazadores or chasseurs sent from Spain under General Rios and Aguirre also took part in the offensive.

1-21


The area around the famous Cuartel de Santo Domingo was attacked on October 27, 1896 by the Filipino revolutionaries. The fort was defended by the Guardia Civil with the assistance of volunteer citizens from Santa Rosa who for their heroic efforts were given rewards and citations such as land grants and tax privileges by the Spanish authorities. With General Emilio Aguinaldo gaining the upper hand in the revolution, a populist leader named Tinyente Basilio “Ilyong” Gonzales, carried the local fight in Santa Rosa by organizing the original Magdalo faction and by appointing himself president. In recognition of this role in the town’s history, a statue of him has been erected outside the city’s Gusaling Batasan. When the Philippine Independence was proclaimed in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898, the municipal government sent Francisco Arambulo and other local prominent citizens to sign the documents of declaration. Eventually, war broke out again with the Americans in February 1899 such that many local citizens like David Zavalia, Felix Reyes, and Delfin Vallejo fought alongside the forces of General Pio del Pilar. With the gradual fall of Filipino forces in major battles, the town of Santa Rosa was later occupied by the American forces led by Colonel Robert Bullard in January 1900. During the Spanish period, the so-called gobernadillos were Jose Dizon, Ignacio Balberino, Sebastian Arambulo, Vicente Nepomuceno, Policarpio Juarique, Eugenio Francisco, Domingo Arambulo, Clemente Añonuevo, Pedro Vallejo, Mariano Gonzales, Angel Zavalla, and Francisco Arambulo. During the American regime, socalled presidents were Pedro Leano, Pablo Manguerra, Celerino Tiongco, Francisco Arambulo and many others. 1.3.1.2 American Period With the establishment of the Insular Government of the Americans, all friar lands in the Philippines were purchased for distribution to the local people and paid on installment basis. In Santa Rosa, the Dominican friar lands were bought for 14.4 million pesos on July 4, 1901. The period of reconstruction was initiated by the civil government which allocated 2 million pesos for the construction of roads, bridges and school buildings in Santa Rosa. At the same time, German Arambulo, a rich philanthropist with a great vision for the town, donated his family-owned land estates as sites for the present-day public market, playground, and elementary school building. The famous Santa Rosa Arch, a small replica of the Arch of Triumph in Paris, France was also built in 1931. In a sense, the modern-day physical planning and development of the municipality started during this early period. 1.3.1.3 Sakdalista Revolt Period The town was no exception to agrarian unrest that dominated the Philippine political scene of the early 1930s. The issues and problems related to abuses by landowners dubbed as “caciquism” culminated in a bloody revolt by farmers of Santa Rosa and Cabuyao on May 3, 1935. About 30 people, most of them occupying the Cabuyao Parish Church patio, died from the Springfield rifles of the government constabulary.

1-22


Many rebels were arrested, including their woman leader, Henerala Salud Algabre, and were put to prison charged with rebellion. It did not take long when President Manuel L. Quezon of the Commonwealth Government granted them political amnesty through the intercession of Governor Juan Cailles of Laguna. 1.3.1.4 Japanese Period Life went on as usual in Santa Rosa until the Second World War which broke out in 1941. What was conspicuous before the war was the presence of Japanese nationals such as “Meda” and “Mekawa” who were seen selling “kending happon”. They were later seen dressed in army uniform when the invading Japanese forces came in. Tragic incidents marked the Japanese occupation of the town. Suspected local guerillas identified by the treacherous local makapili spies in hooded bayong were arrested, tortured and just disappeared. The hacienda was converted into a garrison by the Japanese Army. Some local residents were caught in the crossfire between the “tora -tora” planes and American planes which were engaged in dogfights. The belfry of the parish church was heavily damaged during these clashes. The town plaza later became the site for executing makapili spies by the local guerrillas. Fearful for their lives, the Japanese forces, together with their local cohorts, fled towards the eastern side of the lake known as the “darangan” and their fate was never known again. When the American forces returned on February 5, 1945 together with their Filipino allies, some Japanese collaborators were imprisoned at the Kapitolyo in Santa Cruz, Laguna. 1.3.1.5 Post-War Period During the post-war era until the 1970s, the towns people were largely dependent on basic agriculture and family-owned enterprises for livelihood. Aside from farming, residents were also engaged in fishing, livestock raising, and small backyard gardening. However, progress and development came to the town of Santa Rosa at a very fast pace several decades after the liberation period. From a sleepy agricultural community regarded as a “bedroom area” of Metro Manila, it was transformed into a boomtown of close to 300,000 people and the center of business, commerce, and industry not only in Laguna but also the whole of CALABARZON subregion--the fastest growth center of the country. CALABARZON was formed by virtue of Executive Order No. 103 which was issued in 2002 for the purpose of breaking up the large Region IV into two regional planning areas and assigning development roles for each area. CALABARZON was assigned the role of a growth corridor area to which Santa Rosa belongs. The corridor is described as a rapidly urbanizing and industrializing area. Due to its proximity to Metro Manila, a high level of urbanization has taken place over the years in the region, with Laguna and Cavite particularly becoming sites of manufacturing and high-technology industries.

1-23


The influence of industrialization slowly took shape in Santa Rosa in the 1980s with the entry of local and foreign investors who were instrumental in the fast-paced economic and social transformation of the town and the province. The foreign multinational companies were particularly attracted by cheap labor and government incentives in the PEZA-registered economic zones and industrial estates. The quiet town of Laguna Province actually started its progress initially from the establishment of Filsyn, CIGI and a couple of small multinational companies there when the government Board of Investments (BOI) provided incentives to companies located at not less than 40 kilometers away from Metro Manila. With the timely opening of the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) in the 1980s, many private business enterprises, big and small, started to come in, particularly the CocaCola Bottling Company Plant--the biggest in Southeast Asia--and the Ayala-owned Laguna Technopark Inc. (LTI) in joint venture with Japanese companies that opened its more than 300 hectares world-class industrial estate to locator companies known in the global business, namely: National Panasonic, Fujitsu Ten, Emerson, Honda Cars Philippines, Isuzu and Lamcor, among others. Later on, economic zones followed suit, particularly the Greenfield Business Park that hosts the multi-million dollar manufacturing plant of the famous Ford Motor Company, the Lakeside Ecozone Industrial Technology Park, and Toyota Sta. Rosa Special Economic Zone. The town so to speak is world-class with the presence of multinational companies in its premier industrial estates. It is regarded as the Automotive Capital of the Philippines because of the active presence and operation of Toyota Motor Philippines, Nissan Motor Philippines, Honda Cars Philippines, Star Motor. Columbian Motors and Ford Motor, among others. The Enchanted Kingdom --the only world-class theme park in the country--is located in Santa Rosa City as well as the Santa Elena Golf Club, a premier golf course. There are many first class housing projects offering accommodation for the middle and upper middle class population. Recently, the opening of another Ayala Corporation signature project, the NUVALI, makes Santa Rosa City another pride to the country. Nuvali Evoliving is the largest self-sustainable eco-friendly community which also houses two multinational ICTBPO Companies--Convergys and IBM. The above economic developments have allowed Santa Rosa City to be recognized by the Department of Science and Technology as a “Smart City” and to be popularly dubbed the “Investment Capital of Southern Luzon.” Also, because of the above developments, Santa Rosa rose to become a first-class municipality in 1993 from its fourth-class status in 1986. Later, through Republic Act No. 9264 signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Santa Rose became a component city of the province on July 10, 2004. The social, environmental and economic costs of rapid urbanization and population growth, however, are already seen today in Santa Rose City in the form of daily traffic congestion, prohibitive cost of land acquisition, rapidly vanishing agricultural areas, sprouting squatter colonies, seasonal unemployment, chemical pollution of rivers, flash flooding and increasing garbage generation among other problems. Considering the city’s relatively small area of 5,500 he ctares, the existence of cheap, idle lands is already a thing of the past with the continued influx of space-consuming

1-24


migrants and economic establishments. Thus, the whole spectrum of social, economic, political, environmental and spatial problems faced by Santa Rosa City today have to be addressed post-haste by a rationalized urban planning process if it has to preserve the gains it has already achieved and if it has to harness its remaining potential towards achieving a sustainable kind of spatio-sectoral development. 1.3.2

Local Chief Executives of Santa Rosa City

Table 1-16: Santa Rosa City Local Chief Executives Period

Town Executive

1859-1860

Arcadio Arambulo

1890-1894

Francisco Arambulo

1899-1900

Basilio B. Gonzales

1900-1901

Pedro Teaño Perlas

1902-1904

Pablo Monsod Manguerra Sr.

1905-1907

Celerino Castillo Tiongco

1908-1911

Feliciano Arambulo Gomez

1912-1916

Honorio Tiongco

1916-1922

Lorenzo Cartagena Tatlonghari

1922-1925

Jose Vallejo Zavalla

1925-1926

Aquilino Carballo

1926-1928

Felixberto Castro Tiongco

1928-1931

Benito LIjaucodelos Reyes

1931-1937

Hermenegildo Regalado delos Reyes

1938-1940

Celso Gonzaga Carteciano

1941-1942

Valentin Regalado delos Reyes

Japanese Occupation (January 1942-March 6, 1945) – Mayors were appointed in acting capacity; there were no Vice-Mayors and Councilors 1942-1945 August

Jose Alumno Alinsod

1943-1943 December

Valentin Regalado delos Reyes

1944

Eduardo de Leon Marcelo

1944-1945 March 6

Angel Z. Tiongco

Commonwealth of the Philippines (1945-1946) March 7, 1945

Jose Alumno Alinsod Republic of the Philippines

1946-1947

Francisco Gomez Arambulo, Jr.

1948-1931

Felimon delos Trinos de Guzman

1952-1955

Gervacio Almira de Guzman

1960-1978

Angel Zavalla Tiongco

1978-1987

Cesar Entena Nepomuceno

1987-December 3

Zosimo Baisa Cartaño

1987-1988 February 2

Leo Tiongco Bustamante

1-25


Period

Town Executive

1988-1998

Roberto delos Reyes Gonzales

1998-2005 May 10

Leon Catindig Arcillas

2005-2007

Jose B. Catindig, Jr.

2007-2016 Arlene B. Arcillas Source: Records kept by the City Planning and Development Office and based on the speech of Judge Carteciano dated July 10, 2005 1.3.3

Demographic Profile

1.3.3.1 Population Size and Growth Rate The results of the 2015 Census of Population show that the actual population size in the City of Santa Rosa has reached 353,767 persons, making it the second largest local government unit in Laguna after Calamba. The 2015 population was 69,097 persons more than the 2010 population of 284,670. Using the average household size of 4.3 persons per household, it is estimated that the City of Santa Rosa had 82,271 households as of 2015. The average annual growth rate of Santa Rosa City for 2010-2015 was 4.22 percent. This rate is faster than the growth rate of Laguna province, which was 2.47 percent and the growth rate of CALABARZON region, which was 2.58 percent for the same intercensal period. The average growth rate of 6.96 percent for the period 1990-2000 in Santa Rosa is the highest recorded population growth rate of the city. Forty years ago, the population of Santa Rosa was only 47,639 persons. This population size increased more than seven times in the 2015 actual census of population and housing. The population growth through the years can be attributed to the favorable economic development brought by the private sector, making Santa Rosa an alternative location for businesses and residences other than Metropolitan Manila. Among the 18 barangays comprising the City of Santa Rosa, the most populous barangay is Brgy. Pooc with an estimated 2015 population of 35,091 and a projected 2040 population of 42,656 (11.78 percent). The population boom in the barangay is explained by the establishment of Southville Subdivision (Phase 1-9), a mass housing project of the National Government for informal settlers in Metro Manila. The next most populated barangays are: Brgy. Dila (9.51 percent), Brgy. Malitlit (7.81 percent), Brgy. Dita (7.24 percent), and Brgy. Tagapo (7.23 percent). The least populated is Brgy. Sto.Domingo, with a 1.12 percent share to the projected total population of Santa Rosa. First class subdivisions and a well-organized community are located in this barangay. Other less populated barangays are Brgy. Kanluran (1.52 percent), Brgy. Ibaba (1.59 percent), and Brgy. Malusak (1.85

1-26


percent). 1.3.3.2 Population Distribution One of the indicators of population distribution is gross population density, which is expressed as the number of persons per unit of land area, usually in hectares or square kilometers. Historically, Santa Rosa had a density of 1,749 and 3,351 persons per square kilometer of land area in the years 1990 and 2000 respectively. In 2015, Santa Rosa had a population density of 6,376 persons per square kilometer of land area. Among the 18 barangays of Santa Rosa, Brgy. Malusak is the densest barangay at 39,097 persons per square kilometer of land area. This barangay also has the smallest land area of 0.14 square kilometer, with a dominantly residential land use. On the other hand, Brgy. Santo Domingo is the least dense barangay in the city at 411 persons per square kilometer of land area. This southwest barangay borders neighboring Silang municipality in Cavite. Based on the criteria on urban areas, namely, population size and number of establishments with the required number of employees, all barangays in the City of Santa Rosa are classified urban. In terms of population size, majority of the barangays (83 percent) have a population of 5,000 or more. The rest of the barangays (17 percent) have less than a 5,000 population count. These barangays are Brgy. Ibaba, Brgy. Kanluran, and Brgy. Sto.Domingo. However, with the presence of NUVALI Solenad 1&2, which are master-planned communities in Brgy. Sto.Domingo, the strategic location of Brgys. Ibaba and Kanluran at the heart of Santa Rosa where many fast food chains, 24/7 convenience stores, commercial, retail, and financial establishments are situated, these barangays satisfy the other requirements of an urban area. 1.3.3.3 Population Composition

a.

S ex R atio

Of the 296,621 estimated population of Santa Rosa in 2013, there was an almost equal distribution of males (49.6) and females (50.4). The sex ratio in the city was recorded at 98 males for every 100 females. In general, females tend to outnumber males as their age advances.

b.

Dependency R atio

The total age dependency ratio of the city was estimated at 48 per hundred working persons in 2012. This implies that for every 100 individuals in the city, there are 44 young dependents who are too young to earn a living (infants, children, and adolescents below 15 years old) and 4 old dependents (aged 65 years old and above) who are presumed not to be economically productive

1-27


anymore.

c.

S chool-Ag e Population

In 2013, the City of Santa Rosa had a total of 104,130 school-age population, or those between the ages of seven and twenty-four, inclusive. An increase of almost 4,000 school-age individuals was recorded for the period 2010 to 2013. The school-age population comprised 35 percent of the total population of Santa Rosa.

d.

Hig hest E ducational Attainment

In 2013, there were more females (52.3 percent) than males (47.7 percent) who were college degree holders in the City of Santa Rosa. The majority of the residents in the city aged 10 years old and over were high school graduates (38.94 percent), followed by elementary graduates (27.70 percent), and academic degree holders (12.10 percent). Less than one percent had a post baccalaureate degree in 2013.

e.

Mari tal S tatus

About 45 percent of the total population 10 years old and above were married as of 2013. Those who were not married comprised about 42 percent; the rest were: common law /living in (7.4 percent), widowed (4.2 percent), divorced (1.7 percent), and unknown (0.2 percent).

f.

Projected Population

Assuming that the population growth rate of 4.22% prevails, the total population of the City of Santa Rosa is expected to reach 434,983 in 2020. It is projected to reach 534,845 in 2025. By 2030, the city population is projected to reach 657,632. 1.3.4

Geographic Location

1.3.4.1 Location of Santa Rosa City within Laguna Province and the Laguna Lake Basin Santa Rosa City specifically lies between 14 o12.5’ and 14o20’ north latitude and between 121o2.5’ and 121 o7.5’ east longitude. Like the whole Philippines, it is, therefore, geographically located in the tropical zone which is generally characterized as a warm and humid zone which is exposed to the sun’s vertical rays that creates dynamic processes over the earth’s surface. The tropics is where the trade winds meet to create the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) that often produces rainfall and atmospheric disturbances such as tropical cyclones. Today, with the continuing release of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) into the atmosphere, the earth’s atmosphere experiences global warming since the solar

1-28


radiation that enters the earth’s atmosphere is increasingly trapped by the GHGs and consequently creates abnormalities in the earth’s climatic patterns. Thus, we currently observe the increasing frequency of typhoons, rainfall, droughts, heat waves, El Niño, La Niña and other atmospheric phenomena. These phenomena can even result to the occurrence of earth surface hazards such as floods, soil erosion, siltation and forms of mass wasting such as landslides, solifluction, rockfall, soil creep, rockslide, slump and mudflow. We see Santa Rosa City as located in the western part of the Province of Laguna that partly surrounds Laguna de Bay (Figure 1-1). It is bounded on the northwest by Biñan, on the southwest by Silang, on the southeast by Cabuyao, and on the northeast by Laguna Lake. It is also located 40 kilometers south of Metro Manila. It is part of the Laguna Lake Basin that includes the provinces of Laguna, Cavite, Batangas and Rizal as well as the Metro Manila region. The basin has actually 24 subwatersheds that surround it and whose rivers empty their water into the lake. These subwatersheds are mostly denuded of their forest cover, such that the soil eroded by rainwater is deposited into the lake and in the process making it shallow and polluted. The lake has currently a general depth of only 2.8 meters and a Class C water quality that does not allow anymore bathing and water contact sports.

1-29


Figure 1-1 1-30


1.3.4.2 The Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed The Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed actually includes parts of the territories of Santa Rosa City, Silang, Biñan City and Cabuyao City (Figure 1-2). The watershed is mostly accounted for by Santa Rosa City and is drained mainly by Santa Rosa River and Cabuyao River and whose waters are emptied into Laguna Lake. The headwaters come from Silang which incidentally has a higher total rainfall compared to Cabuyao City and the other component cities. The northern ridge of the subwatershed is located in Silang and Biñan City while the southern ridge is located in Silang, Santa Rosa City and Cabuyao City. The watershed has a basin area of 120 square kilometers and accounts for 4.1 percent of the entire watershed of the lake. Four local governments are supposed to manage the subwatershed through the Integrated Watershed Management Council for the Silang-Sta. Rosa Subwatershed. The four LGUs that manage the catchment area and its population of 570,000 residents are the Municipality of Silang, Cavite (upriver) and the cities of Biñan, Santa Rosa and Cabuyao in Laguna (downriver). There is a need to emphasize the important role of watershed planning or what the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) calls the “ridge-to-reef” approach. It is an approach that the HLURB strongly promotes along with the Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (CCA-DRR) mainstreaming approach. The two approaches are actually related and should be simultaneously observed when planning the land uses and socioeconomic development of local government units (LGUs). For instance, when the subwatershed is planned and used based on ecological and legal requirements of slope gradients, the effects of climate chance and other natural disasters are either prevented or effectively mitigated. Based on PD 705 or the Revised Forestry Code, when slopes above 18 percent are put under regulated tree crop/cover use as in the case of the steep slopes of Silang within the subwatershed, soil erosion, landslides, siltation and flooding can be mitigated in the lower slopes of Santa Rosa City and Cabuyao City. 1.3.4.3 Land Use in the Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed and the Role of Southern LGUs The rapid change in land uses within the LGUs comprising the watershed can be traced to the role assigned by the CALABARZON masterplan to the nearby towns south of Metro Manila, i.e., as the Urban Corridor Management Zone running from San Pedro City to Los Baños City that will absorb the industrial expansion of the metropolis and in the process help decongest it. Hence, the southern LGUs of Laguna and Cavite are now part of what is called Mega-Urban Region (MUR). These local geographic entities may also b e called “new towns” that perform the function of absorbing the influx of the rural population into the metropolis and in the process help in decongesting it.

1-31


However, what is currently problematic is that, because of rapid urbanization and industrialization, a large area of land in the Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed-particularly in the cities of Santa Rosa and Biñan--has been converted to residential, commercial and industrial uses in the past two decades according to a study cited by Endo et al. in their 2014 article titled “Participatory Land Use Approach for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin- Scale Local Planning.” The land conversion resulted to a dramatic change in vegetation and impervious surface cover. The vegetated area of the subwatershed decreased by 21 percent (from 8,509 to 6,700 hectares) from 2000 to 2014, while the impervious area increased by 54 percent (from 3,239 to 4,988 hectares). The intensive land development has reduced the natural capacity of the watershed to retain water and has, therefore, resulted to serious flooding, water pollution and water scarcity downstream.

1-32


Figure 1-2 1-33


As Figure 1-2 shows, much of the middle and lower parts of the watershed have already been cleared for residential and industrial uses and with pockets of agricultural land remaining. The sizeable idle lands or grasslands are presumed to have been preempted through land banking for future urban uses. A large perennially flood-prone area is always seen mainly in Santa Rosa City. Despite this, it is seen that there are still large areas in Silang covered with broadleaf forest, coconut and mixed crops. If maintained or even increased, these kinds of land use can either maintain or lessen flooding in downstream areas. But with more development expected to occur upriver in Silang and with climate change expected to intensify rainfall in the region, flooding and related hazards are likely to be exacerbated. On account of this, there is really a need to activate the Silang-Santa Rosa Integrated Watershed Management Council and to formulate an integrated land use plan for the whole watershed. 1.3.5

Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision

As mentioned earlier, Santa Rosa is a city in the Province of Laguna that surrounds the southern part of Laguna de Bay. Its geographical center lies approximately at 12106’ east longitude and 14 019’ north latitude. It is actually located on the western side of the province and also along the western side of the lake (Figure 1-3). The city, which is a residential-industrial-commercial suburban community of Metro Manila, lies 38 kilometers south of the metropolis via the South Luzon Expressway. The city is also the exit point along the expressway in going to Tagaytay City. With an area of 5,549 hectares as of 2015, Santa Rosa City is located east of Silang, north of Cabuyao City, west of Laguna Lake and south of Biñan City. With a population of 353,767 persons as of the 2015 Census of Population, it is the second largest local government unit in Laguna Province after Calamba City. Santa Rosa City is classified as a first class component city which attained cityhood status on July 10, 2004. In 1688, Biñan, together with Barrio Bukol (Santa Rosa City’s name before separation from Biñan) separated from Cabuyao. After a series of renaming of barrios to become independent towns, Barrio Bukol was politically emancipated as the Municipality of Santa Rosa on January 15, 1792. Today the city is politically divided into 18 barangays, namely: Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Don Jose, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling, Malitlit, Malusok, Market Area, Pulong Santa Cruz, Pooc, Sinalhan, Sto. Domingo and (Figure 1-3), Tagapo. The biggest barangay is Don Jose in the southern section of the city while the smallest is Malusak in the northern section. It is observed that barangays in the northern section. It is observed that barangays in the northern half of the city are smaller in size while those in the southern half have bigger areas. The northern barangays are also the other ones and that contain the Government District of the city which includes the institutional establishments of the New City Hall, Old City Hall, Qusaling Batasan, Manpower Training Center, PNP Office, City Jail, Five Department, CDRRMC, Agricultural Department, City Museum and Tourism Department, City Health Office I and Community Hospital.

1-34


Figure 1-3 1-35


The small adjacent barangays of Kanluran, Malusak and Market Area constitute the Poblacion of the City. It may be mentioned that are some unclear barangay territorial boundaries that have yet to be resolved. 1.3.6

Physical Features and Environmental Condition

1.3.6.1 Geography and Location Santa Rosa City, Laguna is located within 121º6' latitude and 14.19' longitude, 40 kilometers south of Manila. It is bounded on the northwest by Biñan, on the southwest by Cabuyao and on the west by the province of Cavite. Bordering the northeast is Laguna de Bay. The City of Santa Rosa is linked to Metro Manila and other southern provinces by the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), the Manila South Road and the Philippine National Railroad South line. From the SLEX interchange, the City of Santa Rosa can be accessed through a national road leading to the adjacent municipality of Silang, Cavite. 1.3.6.2 Topography Santa Rosa City covers a total land area of 5,543 hectares. It is almost entirely plain with 97.89 percent of its total land area having slopes ranging from 0.0 to 2. 5 percent indicating level to nearly level lands. Only about 114 hectares or 2.06 percent of the total land area of the city is subject to erosion. 1.3.6.3 Slope /Soil Erosion Being primarily flat, the lands of Santa Rosa City are subject to none to slight erosion. There are three types of terrain in the city.

a. Level to nearly level These are areas with slopes ranging from 0.0 to 2.5 percent and are ideal for development. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Market Area, Kaingin, Ibaba, Malusak, Tagapo, Kanluran, Labas, Pooc, Macabling, Balibago, Dila and Dita are in these areas.

b. Undulating to rolling terrain Areas characterized by slopes of 5.0 to 18.0 percent. Barangays Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose, Malitlit and Sto. Domingo have undulating to rolling terrain.

c. R olling to moderately s teep Only the southwestern portion of Sto. Domingo has rolling to moderately steep slope.

1-36


1.3.6.4 Geology

a. R ock Formation Two types of rock are found in Santa Rosa: clastic and alluvium rocks. Clastic rocks consist of interbedded shale and sandstone with occasional thin lenses of limestone, as well as tuff and reworked sandy tuffs and partly tuffaceous shale. These formations are located in the southwestern portion of the city where Sto. Domingo, Don Jose, and portions of Pulong Sta. Cruz and Malitlit are situated. Alluvium rocks are found in the remainder of the city including the Poblacion. These rocks consist of an unconsolidated mixture of gravel, sand, silt and clay.

b. Soils Santa Rosa City has four series of soil types. In order of decreasing quantity, these are: Lipa series, Guadalupe series, Carmona series, and Quingus series. The Lipa soils span deep as they provide moderately well to well drainage capabilities. The terrain is characteristically undulating to rolling. Both the estimated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rates are moderate. Specific to the city is the Lipa loam type of soil, which has the best physical characteristics among the soil types found in the Province of Laguna. Sugar cane, fruit trees, upland rice and vegetables thrive in this type of soil. Lipa loam is found in Brgys. Malitlit, Don Jose, Sto. Domingo, Pulong, Sta. Cruz and the southern portion of Dita. As a surface layer, the Guadalupe series is very dark brown to nearly black in color with an average depth of 20 centimeters. The undisturbed soil is hard and compact and bakes easily when dry. When cultivated, the soil becomes plastic and sticky when wet. When dry, it is coarse, granular and cloddy. The Guadalupe series covers about 1,296 hectares or 23.38 percent of the city’s total land area This soil type can be f ound in Brgys. Dita, Pooc, Labas, Tagapo, Balibago, Market Area, Caingin and in the adjacent portions of Macabling, Pulong Sta. Cruz, Dita, Malusak, Kanluran and Ibaba. Soils of this type are best suited for sugar cane. Carmona series soils are derived from the weathered product of volcanic tuff material. Generally, this series of soils is shallow to moderately deep and occurrs in rolling to strongly rolling contours subjected to alluvial erosion. Drainage properties are poor as hydraulic conductivity is moderately slow. In Santa Rosa, there are two soil types within the Carmona series. These are Carmona clay loam and Carmona sandy loam. The Carmona Series covers 217 hectares or 3.92 percent of the city’s land area along the western edge of Brgys. Sto. Domingo and the western portion of Macabling. Soils of this type are suited for rice, sugar cane, corn, sweet potatoes, bananas and various kinds of vegetables.

1-37


Quingus series is generally very deep. The well-drained soils occur on level to nearly level terrain as well as on river levees of the alluvial landscape. Hydraulic conductivity is moderately slow as the basic infiltration rate is moderate. Quingus series, specifically the Quinga fine sandy loam type of soil covers 2.34 hectares of land along the lakeshore in Brgys. Sinalhan and Aplaya and in portions of Tagapo, Ibaba, Malusak, Market Area and Caingin. This type of soil is one of the most productive in Laguna Province where a variety of crops, especially vegetables, can be grown profitably.

c. Landforms Three categories of land formation constitute the area of Santa Rosa City. These are the lacustrine alluvial plains, broad alluvial plains, and the undulating tuffaceous plains. The lacustrine alluvial plains are along the lakeshore areas. Fluctuations of lake waters along this edge of the municipality have influenced its land formation and vegetative cover. Situated along the lakeshore are Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin. Portions of the Market Area and Ibaba are considered lacustrine as well. The broad plains consist of higher and more stable flood plains on level to nearly level terrain formed by alluviation. The soils are moderately welldrained. Majority of the barangays, including the Poblacion, can be found here. These include Brgys. Tagapo, Kanluran, Malusak, Labas, Dila, Dita, Pooc and portions of the Market Area, Ibaba, Pulong Sta. Cruz, Malitlit and the lakeside barangays. The undulating tuffaceous plains are moderately dissected piedmont plains with the topography being undulating to rolling. Steep side slopes may be found along dissections and rivers. Such a formation is found in Brgys. Don Jose and Sto. Domingo, along with portions of Pulong Sta. Cruz and Malitlit. 1.3.6.5 Surface Water (Rivers, Lakes, and Springs)

a. S anta R os a R iver The city is principally drained by the Santa Rosa River, Diezmo River and Cabuyao River which all flow from the mountainous area of Silang, Cavite towards Laguna de Bay. Water flowing in the Santa Rosa River comes from the watersheds of neighboring Cavite. The river acts as a natural boundary with the City of Biñan before it drains into Laguna de Bay. The DENR categorizes the river as class C, meaning it is only suitable for aquaculture, fisheries, recreation and extraction for industrial uses. Serving as natural boundaries between Santa Rosa and Cabuyao are the Diezmo River and Cabuyao River. Easements of 3-4 meters from both sides throughout the entire length of any river are considered environmentally critical and are subject to easement for public use for recreation and fishing, among others.

1-38


b. Lag una Lake Santa Rosa City is located in the western part of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines and also referred to as Laguna Lake. The lake has a total surface area of 90,000 hectares, an average depth of 2.8 meters, and a total volume of 3.2 billion cubic meters. There are 21 tributaries contributing to the lake and among these are the rivers of Santa Rosa City. Residents living in the lakeside areas of the city rely on fishing for sustenance and profit. The lake water is only suitable for aquaculture, fisheries, recreational activities and industrial uses. Although the lake is naturally scenic and highly productive, it is polluted as a result of human activities in the watershed whose wastage is carried through tributaries or directly into the lake. For example, the discharged raw sewage into waterways is transported to the lake, thus contributing to excessive ammonia pollution, a cause of fish kills. 1.3.6.6 Surface Water Quality

a. Groundwater Due to the good water-bearing capabilities of the alluvium and clastic rocks underlain in Santa Rosa City, groundwater resources are accessible. Most of the areas in the city (except the lakeshore barangays) such as Brgys. Pulong Sta. Cruz, Malitlit, Don Jose and Sto. Domingo, can utilize potentially high yielding wells. Areas in Pulong Sta. Cruz, Malitlit Don Jose and Sto. Domingo need to dig deeper wells to access groundwater. However, saltwater intrusion can happen when waters from Manila Bay are flushed into the lake and lakeshore communities exceed the safe yield limits of their aquifers.

b. G roundwater Quality In 2009 the local government of Santa Rosa City, in cooperation with Coca Cola Foundation and World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)-Philippines, conducted a well head assessment project to assess the condition of well heads and the immediate vicinity of public wells which are used for drinking, and to recommend mitigation measures to reduce health risks and contamination of the aquifer system. This project was a preliminary effort to ensure the sustainability of the groundwater resource in Santa Rosa City. The full inventory of wells has identified a total of 1,866 communal wells in 18 barangays. Among these wells, about 1,104, have been used for drinking purposes by around 8,465 families. Majority of these wells are located in Brgys. Aplaya, Caingin and Sinalhan. The shallowest wells are also located in these lakeshore barangays, indicating the proximity of groundwater to the surface water areas. Seventy-seven (77) wells were selected for sampling and potability

1-39


test for total coliform. Out of the 77 wells, 26 wells tested positive for total coliform and from this number, about 12 wells were found to be positive to f ecal coliform (Escherichia coli or E. coli ). The study identified possible sources of total and fecal coliform in groundwater such as agricultural runoff, effluent from septic tank systems or sewage discharges, and infiltration of domestic or animal fecal matter. Fecal coliform in deepwell water suggests recent groundwater contamination (or the aquifer system) from sewage or from animal waste. The study has also identified seven possible cases of unfavorable physical conditions within the immediate well area which have contributed to the contamination of aquifer, and these include: (1) submerged well base; (2) well near canals and waterways; (3) cracked well concrete base; (4) absence of a concrete base or concrete pedestal; (5) well located on top of canal or waterway; (6) poor condition of casing, pump assembly/parts; and (7) proximity to and location down gradient of toilet or septic tank. These conditions are aggravated by flooding and the regular use of the well area for washing and bathing, all of which facilitate entry of contaminated water into the aquifer through the well casings or openings on the ground. Among the 18 barangays, the wells used for drinking in the lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin would be most vulnerable to water contamination due to floods in these areas. 1.3.6.7 Climate The climate of the area is characterised by two pronounced seasons--dry from November to April and wet for the rest of the year.

a. Temperature and Humidi ty The mean annual temperature is 27.6ºC and is relatively cool due to the site’s elevation and favorable airshed condition. The warmest month is May with an average of 30.0ºC while the coolest month is January with an average temperature of 25.0ºC. The average relative humidity, a measure of the moisture content of the atmosphere, is 80 percent in Santa Rosa City. This makes the city fairly cooler than the Metropolitan Manila area where average relative humidity exceeds 81 percent.

b. Wind S peed and Di rection Northeasterly winds prevail during the months of October through February. Winds come from the southeast during March and April. Southerly winds prevail during May while southwesterly winds prevail from June through September. The average speed of winds is 5 kilometers per hour.

1-40


c. R ainfall and R ainfall Intensi ty The annual average rainfall is about 1,950 millimetres. The maximum rainfall occurs in October while minimum rainfall is gauged at 2 millimeters. Though the municipality is located in a region subject to typhoons, Santa Rosa City is hardly affected due to protection from t he outlying mountain areas.

d. A ir Quality The city has not yet formulated an Air Quality Management Framework. The CENRO plans to prepare an air quality management action plan to address air pollution problems, reduce emission of air pollutants from stationary and mobile sources, and protect the health of its people. 1.3.6.8 Waste Management

a. S olid Waste Based on the city’s Environment Code (City Ordinance No.1720-2011), “solid wastes” refer to all discarded household, commercial wastes, non-hazardous institutional and industrial wastes, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural wastes, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid wastes. Increasing economic (production and consumption) activities enhance the generation of solid wastes in any given community. The city, through its CENRO, has formulated the Comprehensive Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan 2016-2025 to effectively manage the reduction and disposal of solid waste in the city. The plan provides information on the characteristics and sources of waste, volume of waste generated in the city, practices in source reduction and programs on solid waste management.

b. Volume and Characteris tics of Solid Was te The estimated volume of waste generated in the city in 2015 is about 246,570 kilograms per day. An estimated 62 percent of the total wastes generated are biodegradable, 20 percent are residual wastes, 17 percent are recyclable wastes and about 1 percent is special or hazardous waste. Household waste contributes to about 65 percent of the solid waste generation in the City, while 35 percent of the wastes come from non-household sources. The estimated volume of waste generated from household sources is about 161,323 kilograms per day. About 53.6 percent (86,470 kilograms) of the total household wastes are biodegradable wastes; 20.59 percent (33,222 kilograms) are recyclable wastes; 25.55 percent (41,219 kg) are residuals; and only 0.26 percent (413 kilograms) are special/ hazardous wastes. Non-household wastes include wastes from commercial and institutional sources. The estimated volume of waste generated from non-household

1-41


sources is about 85,246.4 kilograms per day. Of this total volume, about 79 percent (67,083.64 kilograms) are biodegradable wastes; 11 percent (9,404.93 kilograms) are recyclable wastes; 8 percent (7,024.58 kilograms) are residual wastes and 2 percent (1,733.24 kilograms) are special/ hazardous wastes.

c. Li quid Was tes The entire city lacks wastewater treatment facilities. The wastes are discharged into surface waters like rivers, creeks and to Laguna Lake. Consequently, liquid wastes from the city contribute to the unfavorable Class C status of Laguna Lake. 1.3.6.9 Geologic Hazards

a. Flood The floodplains of the city comprise a total area of 302 hectares. Situated in this zone are Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin, and portions of Tagapo, Ibaba, Labas, Pooc, Dila and Dita. Slight seasonal runoff flooding is characterized by accumulated shallow run-off flood, which subsides within a short period ranging from a few hours to three (3) days. This occurs in low to moderately low flood plains situated in Brgys. Kanluran, Malusak and Ibaba. Floods in these areas are due to runoff accumulation coming from surrounding elevated areas, low physiographic positions, poor infiltration, permeability characteristics and drain ability outlet. Moderate seasonal flooding is characterized by more frequent and deeper runoff water. It takes a week to a few months for water to subside. This condition is observed along the lakeshore in Brgys. Caingin, Aplaya and Sinalhan and in the adjacent northeastern portion of Brgys. Ibaba, Market Area and Tagapo. These areas serve as the catchment of water coming from the upland areas and are characterised by poor drain ability outlets and very low infiltration and hydraulic conductivity. When flash flood occurs, many areas in the city can be potentially affected. These include Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Market Area, Ibaba, Malusak, Kanluran, Labas, Tagapo, Pooc, Macabling, Balibago, Dila, Dita and Pulong Sta. Cruz. Among these areas, lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin are most vulnerable to flash floods and could submerge in floodwaters from Laguna de Bay.

b. Earthquake The Province of Laguna can be affected by earthquakes given the presence of the West Valley Fault which traverses a north-south direction. The fault is disrupted by a number of minor steep faults along its course that is reflective of

1-42


the volcanic activity relative to the area. Earthquake is a hazard in Santa Rosa as the West Valley Fault traverses Brgy. Sto. Domingo.

c. Liquefaction Several areas in the city are susceptible to liquefaction. According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), “liquefaction takes place when loosely packed, water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking.” This can cause major damage in buildings and other structures during earthquakes. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak and Caingin are highly susceptible to liquefaction. Brgys. Tagapo and Labas have moderate susceptibility to liquefaction, while Pooc has moderate to high susceptibility. Areas of low susceptibility to liquefaction include Brgys. Macabling, Balibago, Dila and Dita. 1.3.7

Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends

1.3.7.1 Areal Distribution of Existing Land Uses of Santa Rosa City’s Total Land Area of 5,552 Hectares The existing land uses according to their areal extent are as follows: residential (40.51%), idle (24.54%), agricultural (11.97%), industrial (10.17%), tourism (4.03%, infrastructure (3.83%), commercial (2.73%), institutional (0.90%), cemetery (0.54%), waterways (0.47%), and pond (0.32%) (Figure 1-4). Thus, it is seen that residential land use dominates the spatial extent of the city, i.e, with two-fifths of the city being devoted to high-, medium- and low-density housing establishments. Significantly, around one-fourth of the city is indicated as idle in its relatively less accessible southern section. A tenth of the city is still holding out as agricultural ricelands in its northern half. The industrial land use category is also significant, i.e., occupying around one-tenth of the city’s areal extent. The industrial district has establishments ranging from light to medium and heavy industries. 1.3.7.2 Characteristics and Locations of Different Land Use Categories It may be observed on the existing land use map that, in the case of residential areas, these are spread all over the city, with the densest and contiguous distributions being seen in the northern half of the city. Located here are high- and medium-density subdivisions that were attracted by the accessibility provided by the Old National Highway. Located here also are the pockets of informal settlements such as those near the Market Area. There are also squatter settlements in southern tip of the city. In the northern half of the city, First Class B and First Class C subdivisions are also seen. Furthermore, interspersed with the First Class subdivisions are the Second Class, Third Class and Fourth Class subdivisions which have relatively smaller sizes. Notable in the Santa Rosa City landscape is the fairly large extent of existing agricultural and idle land uses covering one-fourth of the city area. This land use type is concentrated in the more elevated and sloping southern barangays of Malitlit,

1-43


Don Jose and Santo Domingo. Being far from the major transportation arteries, the lands here are last to be developed; however, being alienable and disposable, they are presumed to have already been preempted for urban use in the near future. As such; they have remained under grassland without being used for agriculture. In the case of agricultural areas, these are still significant in extent, covering around onetenth of the city area. These are mainly patches of ricelands that are still maintained as the original land use in the city when it was still mainly a rural town before the advent of urbanization in the CALABARZON region. These will most likely give way to urban land uses in the near future when maintaining them would no longer be economically feasible in a fast-urbanizing city like Santa Rosa.

1-44


Figure 1-4

1-45


The industrial areas are mostly located in the southwestern sector of the city along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, although there are also smaller industrial sites between the South Luzon Expressway and the Old National Highway. There are at least 89 industrial locators in Santa Rosa City and these cover the whole range of light, medium and heavy industries. Worth mentioning are the notable Eco Zones which are highly developed selected areas or which have the potential to be developed into agro-industrial, industrial, tourist, recreational, commercial, banking, investment and financial centers whose metes and bounds are fixed or delimited by Presidential Proclamations. It may be observed that the location of these industries, like that of the First Class A subdivisions, have been made viable by the accessibility provided by the South Luzon Expressway as well as by the proximity of the city to Metro Manila. The tourism areas are mostly located in the southern part of the city where spaces are still available for green areas and nature parks such as Eton City, Greenfield Development Corporation and Nuvali. Notable recreational-amusement areas are the Santa Elena Golf Club Inc., Country Club Development Corp., Cuartel de Santo Domingo and Lakeside Evozone Nuvali. Located in the middle of the city beside South Luzon Expressway is the popular Enchanted Kingdom amusement park. Resorts abound in the north and also located here along the Brgy. Aplaya Road beside Laguna de Bay is the Aplaya de Santa Rosa Waterfront and Eco-Tourism Zone which capitalizes on the ambiance afforded by the lacustrine environment. The cultural-historical district in the Poblacion constitutes another group of tourist attractions in Santa Rosa City. The infrastructural land use is accounted for mainly by the road and railroad transport systems that would include the bridges and the terminals for buses, jeeps, tricycles, vans and water crafts. The roads include the major roads, city and subdivision roads and provincial roads. The major roads include the South Luzon Expressway, Old National Highway, Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, San Lorenzo Blvd., Greenfield Parkway, United Blvd. and Nuvali Main and Spine. Both the city and provincial roads are located in the north. The bridges that traverse the rivers and creeks are located in the north. The bus and van terminals are located in the same two places--one in the north near the junction of the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road and the Old National Highway and one in the south identified as the Nuvali Transport Terminal. There are five jeep terminals and four are located in the north while one is found in the south within the Nuvali Transport Terminal. There are around 28 tricycle terminals, with the majority being located in the north while five may be seen south of the South Luzon Expressway. Further seen in the north is the old Manila Rail Road that connects to the Tutuban Station in Manila. With regard to water supply, water source sites are seen in the northern part of the city. There are seven deep well facilities in the northern part of the city. A water reservoir facility is found in the more elevated southern part of the city in Brgy. Don Jose. The communications sub-sectoral component of the infrastructure sector constitutes a major feature of the city landscape. Around 44 CCTV units are strung along major roads, with most of them located in the populated areas north of South Luzon

1-46


Expressway. Thirteen telecom towers or cell sites are particularly strung along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, J.P. Rizal Blvd. and the Old National Highway. Two landline telephone service centers and three wireless services are seen in the city. Postal services are still provided by the Santa Rosa City Post Office. With regard to the power sub-sector, Meralco maintains two electric power substations and three power transmission towers. Commercial land uses assume linear or corridor patterns in the city. In the old northern sector of the city, business establishments are seen strong along J.P. Rizal Blvd. Another concentration of commercial establishments is seen nearby along the Old National Road. The third commercial strip is seen along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road just below the South Luzon Expressway. There is also a Commercial-RetailHawkers District in the northern part of the city. All these simply show the growing and large market capacity of Santa Rosa City. Another indication of the city’s large local economy is the existence of a BankingFinancial Services District along J.P. Rizal Boulevard that stretches from Brgy. Tagapo to Poblacion. There is another Banking-Financial Services District located along the Manila South Road from Brgys. Macabling to Balibago. There is a Small Fisheries District at the lakeshore end of Tatlong Hari St. and F. Gomez St. where some resident culture fish like tilapia and bangus. With regard to institutional land uses, there is a Government District in Santa Rosa City that is concentrated in Brgy. Market Area and contains most of the institutional establishments in the city. All the 18 barangays in the city have relatively large and well-appointed barangay halls that are designed to serve their respective constituencies well. There are around 18 public elementary schools in the city, with each barangay having one school while there are seven National High Schools in the City. They are particularly spread all over the city to be accessible to the student population. There are even tertiary institutions in the study area and there is also a University Belt Academy District. There are many private schools spread all over the city and these are mostly those offering lower levels of education, i.e., from day care facilities to nursery and kindergarten schools. Thus, all of the schools mentioned above demonstrate the strength of the city as a major center for educational services in the CALABARZON region. In terms of health service in the city, each of the 18 barangays has a health center that is conveniently located for accessibility to the local residents. There are two health offices that supervise the different health centers. There are 37 small and private city clinics spread over the city. As with the schools, the above health facilities show Sta. Rosa City as strong central area for health services in the CALABARZON region. With regard to protective services, Santa Rosa City has six Police Community Precincts (PCP), a Bureau of Fire Protection Office, a Management and Penology

1-47


Center and PNP PNP Sta. Rosa Headquarters. Headquarters. There is a special special rescue unit located in Brgy. Market Area that can can respond to emergencies emergencies from 1 to 5 kilometers kilometers away. A Fire Station is located in Brgy. Market Area while Volunteer Fire Brigades can be seen in three barangays. Firefighting Firefight ing equipment equipment are provided by private companies and there are around 22 fire hydrants distributed mostly north of the South Luzon Expressway and in the more densely built sections of the city. In the case of special land uses, there are nine cemeteries located in the northern half of the city, with most being privately owned facilities and are either Catholic or Aglipay cemeteries. The New Cemetery Extension in Brgy. Dita is actually a coffin crypt depository measuring 1,859 sq.m. and a bone depository measuring 481 sq.m. This burial extension facility has a 2-km diameter buffer and in the periphery of this buffer zone may be seen some hospitals. The waterways and ponds that occupy 0.79 percent of the city area include the rivers, canals and creeks that either bound or cut through the city. The Santa Rosa River, which is the longest river in the city, acts as the boundary on the west with the City of Biñan. In the southeast, a river acts as the boundary with Silang, Cavite. In the mid-eastern section part of the city, the Cabuyao River and Tiway-Tiway River serve as the boundaries with the City of Cabuyao. In the northern part may be seen the Tagapo NIA (National Irrigation Authority) Canal and the NIA Canal Balibago. Running through the southern mid-section of the city is the Malitlit River and flowing parallel to it is the Petang Creek. In the southern end of the city flow the shorter Malanding, Lumbia and Dicamo rivers. The rivers and the creeks all tend to flow northward toward Laguna de Bay. There is a pond in the middle part of the city in Brgy. Pulong Santa Cruz beside the South Luzon Expressway that catches rainwater coming from the uplands and is actually part of the landscaping component of the Eton City residential estate. There are also two small ponds in Brgy. Santo Domingo that are designed to enhance the ambiance of first class subdivisions. subdivisions. During the last 35 years, i.e., from 1980 to 2015, the urbanization rate in Santa Rosa City has been very rapid as shown by the fast changes in urban and rural land uses. The general pattern is that, on one hand, the urban land uses (residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, infrastructural) have tended to increase. On the other hand, the rural land uses (agricultural, idle) have tended to decrease, i.e., have tended to be converted to urban land uses. 1.3.7.3 Land Use Trends

a. Land Use Increases Among the urban land uses, the residential land use has accounted for the greatest increase, i.e., from 6.29 percent (341 hectares) for 1980 to 40.51 percent (2,247 hectares) in 2015 of the city area (Table 1-17). Next in extent of land use change would be industrial land use which has jumped from 1.88

1-48


percent (102 hectares) in 1980 to 10.17 percent (564 hectares) in 2005 of the city area. Infrastructural land use comes next in land use change, i.e., from 1.73 percent (94 hectares) in 1980 to 3.83 percent (212 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. The land use change in this sector is mainly accounted for by the transportation sub-sector's continuing road expansion mode all over the city. The commercial land use follows the related industrial land use in its increasing coverage, i.e., it has been steadily increasing from 0.3 percent (16 hectares) in 1980 to 2.73 percent (151 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. The institutional land use has likewise been increasing although the hectarage is not as large as the other land uses cited above; thus, there is an increase of 0.4 percent (16 hectares) in 1980 to 40.51 percent percent (151 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. The special land use of cemeteries has increased with increase of the population of the city, starting from 0.08 percent (4 hectares) in 1980 to 0.54 percent (30 hectares) in 2015 in the city. The waterways and ponds taken together have increased from 0.48 percent (26 hectares) in 1980 to 0.79 percent (44 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. area. These are actually part part of the mixed-use urban urban land developments developments in the city.

Table 1-17: Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015 Land uses

1980 % 6.29 0.3 0.4 1.88 86.57 0.01 0.08 2.25 1.73 0.48

Has. 341 16 22 102 4688 1 4 122 94 26

2000

2010

% Has. % Has. Residential Residential 21.61 1,197 31.87 1,768 Commercial 1.54 85 2.27 126 Institutional Institut ional 0.72 40 0.8 44 Industrial 9.78 542 10.13 562 Agricultural 26.38 1,461 14.34 796 Tourism 4.34 240 4.34 241 Cemetery 0.4 22 0.54 30 Idle 31.61 1,751 31.13 1,727 Infrastructure 3.11 172 3.79 210 Waterways 0.46 25 0.47 26 Pond 0.05 3 0.32 18 TOTAL 100.00 5414 100.0 5,539 100.0 5,548 Source: http://santarosacity.gov.ph./?page_ http://santarosacity.gov.ph./?page_id=267 id=267

2015

Increase (+)/ Decrease (-)

% Has. 40.51 2,247 2.73 151 0.9 50 10.17 564 11.97 664 4.03 224 0.54 30 24.54 1,361 3.83 212 0.47 26 0.32 18 100.0 5,549

+ + + + + + + +

b. Land Use Decreas Decreas es Based on a comparison of the 1980 (Figure 1-5) and 2015 land use maps, tourism land use, although it occupied only 0.01 percent (1 hectare) of the city in 1980, had abruptly increased to 4.34 percent (240 hectares) in 2000. However, in 2015 the land use category somewhat decreased to 4.03 percent (224 hectares) and the change could most likely be traced to the conversion of part of the land to more profitable urban land uses. The agricultural land use

1-49


category shows the most drastic decrease within the 35-year period, i.e., occupying 86.57 percent (4,688 hectares) in 1980 and significantly decreasing to 11.97 percent (664 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. This clearly indicates the rapidly urbanizing character of Santa Rosa City that is marked by the conversion of farmlands to urban uses or to their highest and best use. In the case of idle lands that are currently under grass growth, it used to occupy only 2.25 percent (122 hectares) of the city area in 1980; however, in 2000 it abruptly increased to 31.61 percent (1,751 hectares) This indicates that during the 20-year span, land banking had continuously occurred in terms of agricultural land having been bought and reserved for urban use in the near future. After 2000, agricultural land was steadily converted to urban uses as shown by the sizable decrease to 14.34 percent (796 hectares) in 2010. Then within the five-year period up to 2015, farmlands were further reduced to 11.97 percent (664 hectares), indicating a continuous conversion to industrial, commercial and residential land uses in a fast-developing city like Santa Rosa.

1-50


Figure 1-5

1-51


1.3.8

Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities

1.3.8.1 Water Supply An estimated 94 percent of the total households in Santa Rosa City have access to safe drinking water as of 2013. Of those who have access, 65 percent are served by Level I and 35 percent by Level III systems. There are no households with access to Level II water. One key issue identified in the provision of water supply is the high level of groundwater extraction. Based on the available 1998 data, groundwater extraction has already reached 60 percent of t he safe groundwater yield. Santa Rosa City has 110 groundwater permits (domestic, commercial, industrial, and irrigation, municipal) with a total extraction of 1,431.616 liters per second (lps). The specific capacity of the wells within the vicinity of Santa Rosa City ranges from 1 to 30 liters per second per meter (l/s/m). To augment the water supply in the area, the following projects proposed in the 2000-2015 land use plan are likewise recommended:

a. Level III Water Supply This includes the development of new water sources (mainly deep wells), storage facilities, pump stations, transmission and distribution lines, and rehabilitation of existing facilities. The estimated additional service population is about 22,000 in the short-term, 46,000 in the medium-term, and 42,000 in the long-term.

b. Bulk Water Supply In the long-term, the development of water sources (deep well fields and/or surface water sources), treatment plants, storage facilities, and transmission lines is recommended. A bulk water project in the bay area is expected to serve not only Santa Rosa City, but adjoining towns as well, and a significant percentage of revenues would come from industrial estates/firms.

c. Groundwater Use Metering/Monitoring Program (refer to CLMDS Project IF-2) This project is proposed to monitor the level of extraction of groundwater, hence, prevent saltwater intrusion. This would involve inter-local co-operation and the conduct of groundwater baseline studies as well as the development of a water use regulation program. 1.3.8.2 Sewerage and Sanitation An estimated 93 percent of total households have private sanitary toilets and complete sanitation facilities. However, with the exception of industrial estates, there is no sewerage system in Santa Rosa City. Direct disposal of domestic wastewater through soil percolation or through drainage canals or directly to surface water bodies can contribute to the deterioration of creeks, rivers and the Laguna Lake. Hence, to

1-52


avoid contamination of water bodies and reduce health risks, the following projects proposed in the 2000-2015 plan are likewise recommended:

a. Septage Treatment Plant Development A septage treatment plant could be put up solely for Santa Rosa City, but a bigger capacity plant could be constructed to cater to several towns. This shall be implemented by the local government(s) and should be undertaken in the short-term.

b. Community Sewerage System This includes the construction of a domestic sewage collection system and sewage treatment plants. Target areas will be the Urban Redevelopment and Growth Management Areas. This long-term project will help in the reduction of pollution loads that cause deterioration of rivers and creeks as well as the Laguna de Bay. 1.3.8.3 Solid Waste Disposal System In 2013, the number of households with satisfactory garbage disposal was estimated to be around 95 percent, a slight decline from the 2011 figure of 98 percent. This is considered to be an outstanding rate of solid waste disposal at the household level. However, to improve collection in the local areas, two projects are recommended: a. Study on the Optimum Locations of Solid Waste MRF and Collection Stations The study seeks to determine the optimal locations of MRF vis-à-vis the barangay(s) served to encourage the citizens to undertake proper segregation at the household level. This is to be followed through with the construction of the MRF and collection stations, proposed as another project. 1.3.8.4 Flood Control and Drainage The main receiving bodies of water for stormwater run-off in the city are the Santa Rosa River at the western boundary, the Diezmo and Cabuyao rivers at the eastern side, and the Laguna de Bay. A system of storm drainage systems in the urban areas, residential areas and industrial estates convey runoff to these natural water bodies. However, it was revealed in the 2010 Site Investigation/Engineering Study for a Flood Control, Combined Drainage Sewerage System for the Santa Rosa Basin Project Interim Report that the existing drainage system in the 18 barangays of Santa Rosa City is a combination of circular pipe and rectangular channel. Most of the system is closed and about 90 percent is pipe. Based on the study, it reveals that most of the drainage structure are either insufficient to catch surface run-off due to structures that are damaged. This condition, coupled with encroachment of informal settlers along river banks, results to flooding in the low-lying areas. An area of around 50 hectares within the Diezmo River Irrigation System is prone to flooding. It is further estimated that the flood extent area of Santa Rosa City will increase by 22

1-53


percent in 2025, reckoned from the 2014 level, if the current urban development scenario is allowed to run its course without intervention. This translates to 1,180 hectares of flooded areas, compared to 970 hectares in 2014. To address this issue, several projects are proposed:

a. S anta R os a Integr ated Flood and Drainag e S ys tem Mas terplan This involves the preparation of a plan that shall provide a comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of the existing flood-mitigation infrastructure in place and the recommendation of an integrated system design. This is to be followedthrough by the project titled Construction of Santa Rosa Integrated Flood and Drainage System.

b. Irrigation One factor that contributes to the declining cultivation of agricultural lands is the lack of irrigation. As of 2013, there is only one antiquated irrigation facility, rehabilitated in 2010, in Santa Rosa City. To provide additional source of irrigation water, it is proposed that detention ponds be constructed in strategic places in Santa Rosa. The ponds can double up as retention areas during heavy precipitation. 1.3.8.5 Transportation/Road Network Based on the situational analysis gleaned from the Sectoral Analysis Workshop Output conducted as part of the Sectoral Situational Analysis and Planning activity for the updating of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) for 2012-2022 conducted last September 18, 2012, the observations of issues and concerns related to the transportation sector were identified, along with their implications or effects (Table 1-18). Possible interventions were also identified, in the same forum. While these observations may be considered valid descriptions of the situation at that time, the manner of analysis emphasizes the non-implementation of specific “solutions”, which appear to remain largely unimplemented. At the same time, the above observations do not address the cause of the increase in traffic volumes, which are rooted in the shift in land use types to greater density and greater traffic generation. It is important to consider that capacity in the road network, or the transportation at large, has not kept pace with the increase in traffic. While the shorter-term goal should be the alleviation of congestion through the increase in capacity of the transportation system, it is necessary to increase awareness among the decision-makers and the general public that this will not be sustainable if reliance on private motor vehicles is encouraged. Instead, the thrust in the increase of capacity of the transportation system should emphasize public transport and forms of private mobility that take up less road space (such as bicycles or walking), but this will still have to be supported by a general increase in road network capacity.

1-54


In the CLUP 2000 to 2015, for the “roads and transport” sector, the major thrust was set as the development of additional road links that will provide the needed transport infrastructure support in realizing the vision for the municipality (Figures 1-6 and 1-7). In view of the planned industrialization, wider roads and better traffic management schemes will have to be put in place. 1.3.8.6 Electric Power Although the existing structure of MERALCO as the power distributor is deemed equal to the required service provision in the area, it is important that alternative sources of electricity be developed to reduce the use of fuel generators during power interruptions. 1.3.8.7 Telecommunications Santa Rosa City is telecom-ready with the availability of telecommunications services, specifically fixed landline telephone, cellular/mobile telephone and broadband carriers. Internet Service Providers (ISP) is powered by fiber optic cable network infrastructure and wireless technology. However, two key issues were identified during the 2012 Sectoral Analysis Workshop: 1) unreliable access to the internet of government centers which hamper efficiency for conducting business; 2) unreliable communications due to intermittent mobile phone signals within the city and the use of non-fiber optic telephone lines. The latter has created apprehension among investors relying on ICT inasmuch as the desired infrastructure is already in place.

1-55


Figure 1-6

1-56


Figure 1-7 1-57


Table 1-18: Summary of Observations, Implications and Possible Interventions Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns


Policy Option/Intervention/ Possible Solution

CPDO/CTMEO 1. Lack of traffic masterplan










2. Minimal use of bicycles

3. Lack of a dedicated public transport system linking the east (old city area) to the west part of the city (west) NUVALI area 4. Lack of ferries traveling from one LGU to another using the Laguna de Bay route 5. Improved capability and safety of CTMEO staff

6. Started partnership with TAP and Rotary Club in local traffic education

Environment friendly, good for the health









Costly and inconvenient for the commuting public

Will lessen the load of commuters using public roads CTMEO staff prone to harassments

Increase awareness of students about traffic safety



7. No impounding area






Impounded vehicles are considered eyesore in front of police stations Commuters or pedestrians do not observe local traffic rules















Conduct strategic traffic impact assessment Promote the three E’s of traffic management Participatory plan formulation. Provision of bicycle lanes, bicycle specific route, etc. aside from sidewalk A local railroad system connecting the old city to the more developed part of the city or a new route of public vehicles from east to south Accreditation of Ferries, promotion of water transport as a means of traveling Trainings, capacity building, hiring of additional staff if needed, additional equipment (camera, batons, radios, etc.) etc. Traffic safety park, inclusion of traffic safety education in school children’s curriculum Provision of impounding area

In partnership with the civil society, provide adequate traffic signs

9. Lack of pedestrian Pedestrian is Provision of pedestrian overpass in heavy highly at risk to overpass in accident-prone traffic and accidentmotor accidents areas prone areas Source: Sectoral Analysis Workshop, September 18, 2012 



1-58


The corresponding goal was, to ensure that the mobility of people and goods is facilitated through the provision of an efficient transportation network, to be achieved through the following objectives: 1. To strengthen the link of the municipality with other areas; 2. To increase accessibility within the municipality Physical development targets were set as follows: 1. Implementation of proposed national road and regional projects within the planning period 2. Strengthening of the existing road network Table 1-19 summarizes transport development projects identified under CLUP 2000 to 2015. The remaining figures show the spatial distribution of roads and bridges in Santa Rosa City today. Table

1-19:

Estimated Costs and Development Project

Proposed

Timelines

for

Transport

Source: CLUP 2000 to 2015.

1.3.9

Social Service Facilities/Utilities/Amenities

1.3.9.1 Health Facilities and Services To meet the demands of the residents of Santa Rosa City with regard to health services and facilities, the Santa Rosa Community Hospital was constructed in 1995. The hospital is located in a 10,162 square meter area on Cattleya Street, LM Subdivision, Barangay Market Area, City of Santa Rosa. This hospital is categorized a secondary hospital with a total of 405 personnel. The City Health Office (CHO) in Santa Rosa is divided into Health Off ice I and Health Office II. Both health offices attend to the needs of the 18 barangays in the city. Health Office 1 covers the barangays of Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba,

1-59


Malusak, Labas, and the bayshore barangays of Caingin, Sinalhan, and Aplaya. On the other hand, CHO 2 covers the Barangays of Macabling, Balibago, Pooc, Dila, Dita, Malitlit, Pulong Sta.Cruz, Don Jose, and Santo Domingo. Health care facilities comprise hospitals, lying-in clinics, medical and dental clinics, optical centers, medical laboratories, and pharmacies. In the City of Santa Rosa, almost all facilities are privately owned (99 percent) and only one percent is owned by the government. The majority (57 percent) of these hospitals are categorized as Level III, which means these are departmentalized hospitals. These hospitals render services such as general medicine, pediatrics, surgery, anesthesia, obstetrics and gynecology, first and second level radiology, second and tertiary clinical laboratory, pharmacy, specialty clinical care, and nursing care for patients needing intermediate supervised, total, and intensive care. The remaining hospitals (43 percent) are categorized as Level II, or nondepartmentalized hospitals. These hospitals render all services of Level III hospitals except for specialty clinical care, secondary level radiology, tertiary clinical laboratory, and total and intensive nursing care for patients. Santa Rosa has a total of seven hospitals with a hospital bed-population ratio of 2 beds for every 1,000 population. In 2013, there were a total of eight registered lying-in clinics in Santa Rosa City. These are all privately-owned, with a total bed capacity of 21. These facilities had a total of 18 personnel, of which 13 are midwives and five are nurses. There is a total of 11 family planning services rendered by the City Health Offices in the City of Santa Rosa. In 2013, there were 29,246 couples who availed of the family planning services, an increase of 2.75 percent from the total of 28,643 couples recorded in 2012. The family planning services offered are female sterilization, male sterilization, pills, IUD, injectable, condoms, and different NFP components. Maternal care services are also offered in the health units of the city. Among the maternal care services provided are tetanus toxoid immunization, iron supplementation, vitamin A supplementation, breastfeeding, and maternal consultations. 1.3.9.2 Nutrition Program The nutrition program of the City of Santa Rosa aims to achieve zero malnourished children through various activities that are focused on the proper nutrition of children. Twelve supplementary feeding sessions are held every month, which are intended to improve the nutrition status of children in the city. The Operation Timbang measures the number of malnourished children in the city. It is conducted every first quarter of the year, and malnourished children between the

1-60


ages of 0-71 months are fed through the Food Assistance Program. Through the Barangay Nutrition Scholars, the City Government continues to disseminate information on health and nutrition with the end-in-view of achieving the city’s goals under the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition. Foremost in this campaign is the PABASA sa Nutrisyon program where mothers are educated on the importance of knowing the three basic food groups in food preparation for the family and which provide them with the necessary tools to prevent malnutrition in their home. The City Nutrition Committee as well as the Barangay Nutrition Committee implements programs and activities aligned with the seven impact programs of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition. These programs are the following: Home, School, and Community Food Production; Micronutrient Supplementation; Food Fortification; Nutrition Education Program; Food Assistance Program; Nutrition in Essential Maternal and Child Health Services; and Livelihood Assistance. 1.3.9.3 Health Service Providers In 2013, the health facilities in the city employed an estimated 2,603 employees, both medical and non- medical staff. Although there are slight improvements in the number of nurses and midwives in CHO 1, it is highly recommended to hire more doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel to fill the increasing health service demand in the city. 1.3.9.4 Social Welfare

a. Day Care S ervic e Day care service involves the provision of substitute parental care and provision of stimulating activities for the total development of children 3 to 4.8 years old while their parents are unable to take care of them during part of the day because of work and some other situation. A total of 2,651 pre-schoolers are enrolled in 32 day care centers. These centers are staffed with a day care teacher and a day care aide who are both given an allowance from the city government. In 2013, 7,910 books in English, mathematics, science, Filipino, and reading were given to the day care children. A total amount of PhP2,500,000.00 was used for this project.

b. Women’s Welfare Prog ram Santa Rosa City has a Capability Building and Productivity Skills Training Center for Women in the City which offers regular courses in food processing, baking, ISMO, sewing craft, tailoring and handicraft.

1-61


As of 2013, some 2,111 women successfully completed training in sewing craft, tailoring, culinary arts, cosmetology, food processing, baking, handicrafts, candle and soap making, and meat processing.

c. Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Pr og ram The Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program started in the City of Santa Rosa in January 2012. The program has two objectives: 1) social assistance that provides cash assistance to address short- term financial need; and 2) social development that invests in capability building of families that will break the intergenerational poverty cycle. As of 2013, there were 1,948 Pantawid Pamilya beneficiary families in Santa Rosa.

d. S upplemental Feeding Prog ram The objectives of the Supplemental Feeding Program are: (1) To provide support to the feeding program for children in LGU- managed day care centers using indigenous food and/or locally processed foods equivalent to 1/3 of the recommended energy and nutrient intake; (2) To improve the knowledge, attitude and practices of children enrolled in day care centers, as well as of parents and caregivers, through intensified nutrition and health education; and (3) To improve the nutritional status of all target children, and to refer to the appropriate health unit any health and nutrition related problem of children. Some 3,048 day care children and evacuees from different barangays in the city benefitted from the supplemental feeding program. A total amount of PhP4,754,880.00 was allocated for the program in 2013.

e. PA G -AS A Youth R ehabilitation Center The PAG-ASA Youth Rehabilitation Center for children in conflict with the law (CICL) is located in Brgy. Sinalhan, City of Santa Rosa. A total of 174 children are served at the center. In 2013, a total amount of PhP477,0960.00 was allocated for their food and basic needs. The center is managed by a head, who is assisted by a psychologist and 9 house parents. The facility serves as a temporary home and rehabilitation center for male disadvantaged children. It provides protection, care, training and rehabilitation for CICL in a home –like environment for a maximum period of six months, with an end view of reintegrating them to their family and community. The primary beneficiaries include the following: male disadvantaged children who are 15 years old and below who were alleged to have committed a heinous crime and, therefore, need immediate protection from a high-risk and unsafe environment while undergoing intervention or rehabilitation; 16-18 year old males who come in conflict with the law and have no parent or relatives to

1-62


come home to while assessment of discernment is being undertaken; and children who are abused, neglected and exploited by parents or relatives who are unemployed, irresponsible, with very low parental skills, or with serious behavioral problems.

f.

Prog rams for P ers ons with Dis ability and the E lderly

The City Social Welfare Office had a series of activities to raise the awareness of the public on disability prevention. An orientation regarding the Magna Carta for PWDs was also conducted for the disabled persons to become aware of the benefits and privileges as mandated by the law. A total of 263 PWD IDs were issued in 2013. The assistance for physical restoration services benefitted 179 PWDs, i.e., 65 were given wheel chairs, 7 crutches, 5 walkers, 2 hearing aids, 70 nebulizers, 10 white canes, 5 quad canes, 3 strollers, 2 glucometers, and 9 prosthesis legs. In the Annual Celebration of National Disability, Prevention and Rehabilitation Week,more than 1,000 PWDs from different SPED schools and barangays attend the said event, which features different games and activities, including a free medical and dental check-up by the Santa Rosa Medical Society and Santa Rosa Dental Club. Pursuant to the eligibility criteria determined by the DSWD, indigent senior citizens are entitled to a monthly stipend amounting to PhP500.00 to augment their daily subsistence and other medical needs. There were 52 social pension beneficiaries selected by the DSWD Field Office in the city as of 2013. The Botika ni Lolo at Lola provides senior citizens of the City of Santa Rosa with free and quality medicines. Measures are taken to assist senior citizens in the purchase of their medicines. An annual budget of PhP2,000,000.00 pesos is used for the medicines. 1.3.9.5 Education

a. Elementary As of 2014, the Division of Santa Rosa had 18 public elementary schools, with a total number of 525 classrooms. The total enrolment was 38,640, and was served by a total of 662 teachers.

b. Secondary At the secondary level, there were seven secondary schools with a total student enrolment of 15,104. These schools had a total of 192 classrooms and 308 teachers. The Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School (SRSTHS) adopts the S & T oriented (ESEP) high school curricula for the First Year to

1-63


Fourth Year levels continuously. Likewise, it is focused on pure science and its applications to industry using the latest technologies. Its computer rooms are linked to the internet, including the multi-media classrooms. Instruction is supplemented with visits to known science and technology institutions, laboratories and industrial plants. The school maintains a well stocked library and subscribes to professional, scientific and technological journals, magazines and manuals. As of 2016, the SRSTHS had a total enrolment of 964 students, composed of 415 males and 549 females. The school has 22 instructional classrooms. The Department of Education standard for ESEP Schools specifies a classroom: student ratio of 1:35. The SRSTHS need to add more classrooms as its current ratio is 1:41. The SRSTHS is compliant with DepEd requirements for science and technology schools. No laboratories are required for general science and biology in the STEP curriculum, but SRSTHS has a biology laboratory nonetheless.

c. Tertiary At the tertiary level, Santa Rosa City hosts the Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Santa Rosa Campus, which is a state university located at the New Santa Rosa Village in Brgy.Tagapo.

d. A lternative Learning Sys tem The Alternative Learning System (ALS) is a ladderized, modular non-formal education program in the Philippines for dropouts in elementary and secondary schools, out-of-school youths, non-readers, working Filipinos and even senior citizens. It is part of the education system of the Philippines but an alternative to the regular classroom studies where Filipino students are required to attend daily. The alternative system only requires students to choose schedules according to their choice and availability. The program has two different schematics for conducting instruction- -schoolbased and community-based (non-formal). In the school-based program, instructions are conducted in school campuses while in the community-based program, formal instruction is conducted in community halls or in private places. The ALS program follows uniform lesson modules for all academic subjects covering the sciences, mathematics, English, Filipino, social studies and current events, among others. Delivery of instructions is provided by government-paid instructors or by private non-government organizations. The three primary programs are carried out under the ALS communitybased/Non-formal Education, namely: Basic Literacy Program, Accreditation and Equivalency Program and Informal Education. To date, Santa Rosa City has one Mobile Teacher and three District ALS Coordinators working in the Alternative Leaning System.

1-64


e. Public S pecial E ducation In the Division of Santa Rosa City, the Educational Program/Service (EPS) is designed to meet the needs of children with special needs who are not attending general or regular education because of disabilities or exceptional disabilities. In 2013, the city opened one SpEd Center- -the Dita Elementary School SpEd Center. For SY 2014-2015, two more SpEd centers were opened in the city, one in Balibago Elementary School and another in Santa Rosa Elementary School Central III. As of 2015, Santa Rosa City has three Public SpEd Centers. The Dita SpEd Center is located in Dita Elementary School. It is intended for special children with the following disabilities: intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, hearing impaired. Santa Rosa Central III SpEd Center is intended for children with special needs, such as those with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and global development delay. The Balibago SpEd Center, situated in Balibago Elementary School, is intended for children with special needs such as those with autism spectrum disorder and global development delay.

f.

Madrasah E ducation Prog ram

The Madrasah Education Program was established to meet the needs of Muslim Filipino children. It aims to positively contribute to the ongoing peace process and to enhance the educational development of Filipino Muslims through an Islamic-friendly public education system that seeks to improve the quality of life of Muslim schoolchildren. Santa Rosa City has two Madrasah Centers providing Madrasah education: Balibago Elementary School and Santa Rosa Elementary School Central III. Madrasah pupils are taught Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education. The city government supports these centers by providing a monthly honorarium to teachers and to members of the Division Madrasah Monitoring members.

g . Pri vate S ector E ducation For the School Year 2014-2015, there were 86 private schools operating in the City of Santa Rosa. A total of 12,884 pupils were enrolled in 78 private elementary schools while a total of 7,265 students were enrolled in 40 private secondary schools.

h. Technic al-Vocational E ducation The Santa Rosa Manpower Training Center aims to provide globally competitive training to workers so that they can meet the employment demand of industry and technology companies. The SRMTC has been operating for

1-65


more than 25 years and has produced skilled graduates employed in local and international firms. Some of the achievements of SRMTC are the following: The SRMTC graduates continue to increase in number . The “Free Training” program for DTS and STP is continually hitting its goal. a. b. c. d.

Number of graduates in 1st Quarter (January- March) 177 graduates Number of graduates in 2nd Quarter (April- June) 217 graduates Number of graduates in 3rd Quarter (July-September) 251 graduates. Number of graduates in 4th Quarter (October-December) 245 graduates.

SRMTC maintains its 96 percent passing rate in the TESDA National Certification (NC) on the following qualifications: a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC I Refrigeration and Air –Con Servicing (RAC) NC II Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM) NC II Computer Hardware Servicing (CHS) NC II Automotive Servicing (AS) NC I Automotive Servicing (AS) NC II Consumer Electronics Servicing (CES) NC II

SRMTC maintains its high employment rate, ranging from 75-85 percent, with graduates employed locally and overseas. SRMTC maintains its partnership with Toyota Motor’ Phils. Foundation, Aichi Forging Phil., and Kilton Industry. SRMTC added Isuzu Auto Parts Corporation, KIA Service Center, Hasting Motors, Hearty Beverage Options Inc. in its roster of industrial partners. These partner companies will accommodate DTS trainees for their OJT. The institution remains a TESDA Competency Assessment Center. It operates Training Institution Extensions at Barangay Dila and at the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. 1.3.9.6 Housing A total of 185 residential subdivisions provide housing to the residents of Santa Rosa City. The City Urban Development and Housing Office records 8,093 informal settler families in various barangays as of January 2016. Of this number, 5,682 families reside along waterways. For households that need to be resettled from danger and unsuitable areas, the city has eight new resettlement sites providing 8,517 housing units. The resettlement projects are intended to benefit 8,525 families. A total of 29,568 units comprise the shelter demand for 2023. This demand is divided into those due to the housing backlog and those due to population growth.

1-66


1.3.9.7 Protective Services

a. Philippine National Police-Santa R os a As of 2014, Santa Rosa City Police Station has a total strength of 162 police personnel: policemen – 139 and policewomen – 23. The police to population ratio based on the National Statistics Office 2014 estimate of the Santa Rosa City population is 1:2,013. The main station is located on Rizal Blvd., Brgy. Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa. Only 10 percent of the force is stationed in the headquarters while the remaining 90 percent are in the field. Four police assistance centers and 10 police outposts are maintained by the PNP-Santa Rosa. The PNP is supported by 711 barangay tanod in maintaining peace and order in the communities.

b. Citizen E mpowerment The station conducted 118 community awareness seminars, trainings, dialogues and visitations among homeowners associations, students, NGOs, the business sector, including their security guards, barangay officials, members of BPATs/tanods, marshalls and other legal organization to develop their knowledge and capabilities and to ensure their continuous support as partners of the PNP in maintaining peace and order within the community. A total of 146 dialogues/“pulong–pulong” concerning anti-criminality and antiinsurgency were conducted by the PNP Santa Rosa station in collaboration with stakeholders, clients, security guards, supervisors, heads of different offices of the national and local government within Santa Rosa City, and other pillars of the criminal justice system to enhance participation and close coordination. Some 23 non-government organizations, BPATs and other organizations were formed and coordinated to support the Santa Rosa City Police Station anticriminality programs. Monthly enhancement and crime prevention seminars were also conducted for NGOs, BPAT members and civilian volunteers.

c. IC T E quipment The PNP station is continuously developing its ICT equipment to further enhance the police station’s capability. The procurement of ICT equipment through the City Government of Santa Rosa and other agencies has been initiated for the said improvement. As a result of the said improvement, clerical works were simplified, resulting to less demand of police personnel performing administrative functions. Instead, they were deployed in the field.

1-67


d. Tagamas id (Interconnectivi ty with the City Command Center) The Santa Rosa LGU set up a modern command center (CC) with 22 CCTV cameras installed in strategic areas and they plan to add 20 more. The police station has its own tactical operations center (TOC) with 8 CCTV cameras deployed within the building. An agreement to interconnect the two centers was reached, giving the PNP access to the 22 CCTV cameras. There is a plan to upgrade equipment by installing a large LCD monitor in the TOC. Another special feature of the project is a mobile viewer that allows remote access to the IP cameras live video right from iPhone/iPod/iTouch or any android device. This is a good tool for the Chief of Police to monitor in real time the traffic condition and the activity in the police station when he is away.

e. B ureau of Fi re Protection-S anta R os a The main station of the Bureau of Fire Protection Santa Rosa is located on J.P. Rizal Blvd., Brgy. Tagapo.

f.

Pers onnel

There are 35 BFP Personnel for Santa Rosa City, broken down as follows: Male – Twenty (20) BFP Personnel, including One (1) Officer



Female – Fifteen (15) BFP Personnel, including One (1) Officer



About 10 BFP personnel need to be added per year in order to meet the population: personnel standard ratios.

g . Fire Trucks Santa Rosa BFP has four serviceable fire trucks.

h. Programs The BFP participates in the conduct of disaster awareness and preparedness through the following:      

Fire Safety Awareness Fire Prevention Motorcade Brgy. Fire Brigade Industrial Fire Brigade Fire Safety Inspection/House to House Campaign Fire/Earthquake Drill

The office coordinates with the Department of Education for the Fire Safety Education in all public and private schools citywide.

1-68


It conducts a Refresher Course (Basic Rescue Training Course and Emergency Response and Preparedness Course) for all BFP Personnel of the station.

i.

B ureau of J ail Manag ement and Penolog y (B J MP) Office, S anta R osa, Male Dorm

The Santa Rosa City Jail has nine cells, housing a total of 443 inmates, of which 383 inmates are adult males and 60 inmates are adult females. The city jail is located along J. P. Rizal Blvd. (beside Santa Rosa PNP station) Barangay Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna. Due to the increasing number of inmates, the Local Government of Santa Rosa constructed an extension detention cell at the back of the main cell. The city jail has a total of 19 personnel, which falls below the ideal 31 jail personnel strength.

j.

B ureau of Jail Manag ement and Penolog y (B J MP) Offic e – S anta R osa, Female Dor m

The jail personnel and equipment of Santa Rosa City Jail Female Dorm are as follows:     

1 Female Warden 1 Assistant Warden/Unit Dentist 3 Custodial/Escort/Searchera 1 IWD Officer/ Custodial/Escort/Searcher 1 Unit Nurse/Admin/Custodial/Escort/Searcher

1.3.9.8 Sports and Recreation The City Sports Development Office, a unit under the Office of the Mayor, plans, organizes and implements the city-wide sports development program. It leads and provides support to the sports programs and events of the city in order to produce world class athletes competing in sports competition and tournaments, such as cluster meet, city meet, as well as regional, national and international sports events. A total of 44 public sports facilities and 8 recreation facilities are available in the city. In addition, 49 sports and recreation facilities are operated by private sector firms. 1.3.10 Economic Structure The local economic sector consists of three important categories of economic activities, which are clustered into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. The primary sector encompasses activities that involve the utilization, production and processing of raw materials into primary goods and basic food. The secondary sector covers the manufacturing and processing of raw materials and inputs generated from the primary sector. The tertiary sector refers to the industries that are engaged in manufacturing activities, which consume massive quantities of energy.

1-69


1.3.10.1 Primary Sector In 1946, about 96 percent of the land area in Santa Rosa City was devoted to agriculture. Most people are farmers raising rice, corn, vegetables, sugar cane, garden products and fruits of various kinds. Food production was sufficient for actual needs but without reserve for contingencies. A lot of people raised chickens, eggs, and pork from poultry and piggery projects. A few residents engaged in commercial agriculture. Coffee farming was also done. Fishing was carried on quite extensively in Laguna de Bay waters. Until the late 1970s, Santa Rosa City maintained its role as a food producing municipality actively producing and trading rice, corn, vegetables, livestock and fishes. Agricultural Crops. The following tables indicate the data pertaining to agriculture in Santa Rosa City, i.e., the farm hectarage, kind of crops raised, crop types, and soil types (Tables 1-20 to 1-23). Table 1-20: City Agricultural Data, 2013

Barangay

% of Total Total Agriculture Land Area Agricultural Area to Total (Ha Area (Ha) Land Area

Total Irrigated Area (Ha)

% of Irrigated Area to Total Land Area

1. Aplaya

72.

2.1

2.92

0

0.00

2. Balibago

267.4

31.43

11.75

26.8

10.02

3. Caingin

118.8

36.63

30.83

33.7

28.37

4. Dila

167.6

24.84

14.82

21.0

12.53

5. Dita

426.6

45.63

10.69

40.8

9.39

6. Don Jose

1025.5

11.65

1.13

0

0.00

7. Ibaba

44.

0.6

1.43

0

0.00

8. Kanluran

19.

0.5

3.00

0

0.00

9. Labas

90.

21.31

23.62

19.0

21.06

10. Macabling

276.0

57.59

20.86

37.8

13.70

11. Malitlit

1028.1

101.92

9.91

82.6

8.03

12. Malusak

14.

0.8

6.0

0

0.00

13. Market Area

42.

1.1

2.65

0

0.00

14. Pooc

154.2

23.81

15.44

21.3

13.81

15. Pulong Santa

445.5

21.93

4.92

20.7

4.65

16. Sinalhan

181.8

49.95

27.47

42.0

23.10

17. Santo Domingo

833.8

12.88

1.54

0

0.00

18. Tagapo

335.0

52.08

15.54

46.3

13.82

392.00

7.07

TOTAL 5 ,543.40 496.98 8.97 Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

1-70


Table 1-21: Major Agricultural Land Use, by Type, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2013 (In hectares) Land Use

Total Area (Ha)

% of Agricultural Area

Rice Crops 392.0 Vegetable Crops 40.42 Permanent Crops 64.56 Total Agricultural Area 496.9 Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

7 8 1 100.00%

Table 1-22: Rice Production (Dry and Wet Season), by Barangay, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2015 Irrigated Area (Ha) Barangay

Certified Seeds

Good Seeds

Total Yield Per Barangay (MT) Certified Seeds

Good Seeds

Average Yield per Barangay MT/Ha

1. Balibago

26.8

120.60

4.50

2. Caingin

33.7

151.65

4.50

3. Dila

21.0

94.50

4.50

4. Dita

40.8

183.60

4.50

5. Labas

19.0

85.50

4.50

6. Macabling

37.8

170.10

4.50

7. Malitlit

82.6

371.70

4.50

8. Pooc

21.3

95.85

4.50

9. Pulong Sta. Cruz

20.7

93.15

4.50

10. Sinalhan

42.0

189.00

4.50

11. Tagapo 46.3 208.35 Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

4.50

Table 1-23: Recommended Soil Suitability, by Type and Characteristics, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2013 Soil Type 1. Lipa Series

Recommended Land Use

Characteristics 

Terrain is characteristically undulating to rolling, loose and very friable fine granular loam; horizontal boundary and smooth and clear; friable fine granulatuffessus; substratum is highly weathered tuff; boundary is broken and abrupt.



Residential/ Agricultural

1-71


Soil Type

Recommended Land Use

Characteristics

2. Guadalupe Series



3. Carmona Series



4. Quingua Series



When wet soil becomes plastic and sticky; when dry soil is coarse, granular and cloddy; soil underlain with a zone of volcanic tuff material; substratum is primarily massive volcanic tuff; topography is undulating to rolling. Carmona clay loam-smooth clear boundary; substratum-light yellowish brown to light grayish brown. Topography-undulating to rolling; friable when dry and sticky, pinetic when wet; Carmona sandy loamsubstratum-highly weathered tuffaceous

Very deep; surface soil is light brown; usually loose and very seldom compact; subsoil-light brown with heavier materials. Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna







Residential

Agricultural/ Industrial/ Commercial

Residential/ Agricultural

Livestock and Poultry Sector, 2011. The livestock and poultry sector of Santa Rosa City is composed of backyard animal raisers in 7 out of the 18 Barangays of the City (Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Macabling, Pulong Sta. Cruz, Sto. Domingo and Ibaba). Livestock animals comprise mainly hogs, some goats (meat type) and a few cattle. Carabao production for dairy ceased more than a decade age and production is mainly for use in farm work. The livestock in the City of Santa Rosa decreased much more i n 2011, compared to the 25.27 percent decrease in 1998. Rapid industrial growth and urbanization is the main cause of the decrease. Vanishing areas for pasture and loss of the so-called green areas or agricultural land contributed to the decline. These lands have been converted to non-agricultural use and mixed use (Tables 1-24 to 1-25). Remarkable declines have been observed for both chicken (broiler) and duck production in the past 12 years and have become a seasonal business endeavor for some of the residents. However, a marked increase in quail egg production and game fowl raising helped the poultry sector to thrive since no restrictions from the LGU was set.

1-72


Table 1-24: Number of Heads, Backyard Livestock and Poultry: 1991, 1996, 1998, 2007, & 2011 Year

Carabao

Cattle

Swine

Goat

Chicken

Ducks

TOTAL

1991

555

777

2,855

488

69,990

13,500

88,165

1996

182

281

1,393

363

3,400

3,100

8,719

1998

54

530

2,484

684

3,200

1,200

8,152

2007

47

266

2,039

541

3,679

515

7,087

2011

28

186

1,017

388

4,767

361

6,747

SUB-TOTAL

866

2,040

9,788

2,464

85,036

18,676

118,870

Source: City Agriculture Office & City Veterinary Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Fishery Sector, 2013. Fishing operations is one source of income for the rural constituents of the City of Santa Rosa. Currently, there are 830 fishermen who utilize the fishing territories in three barangays – Caingin (86.0 hectares), Aplaya (153.0 hectares) and Sinalhan (60.0 hectares). Fishing is done whole year round. The city currently has 50 fish traders transacting business at the local market as well as i n neighboring cities. The issues and concerns in the fisheries sector are the following: illegal fishing, pollution, lack of financial support services, and increasing number of fisherfolk relying on other sources of income such as vegetable farming, trading and employment in factories, and call centers by other f amily members. Agricultural and Fisheries Support Facilities, 2015. The following tables show the farm and fisheries support facilities as well as the programs and projects that support the agricultural and fisheries sector in Santa Rosa City (Tables 1-25 to 1-27). Table 1-25: Number of Animal Raisers, 2013 BARANGAY

SWINE

EQUINE

LARGE

SMALL

AVIANS

1. Sinalhan

18

11

12

60

2. Aplaya

24

9

10

61

3. Caingin

9

10

5

55

4. Ibaba

2

10

8

17

5. Malusak

14

6. Kanluran

4

30

7. Tagapo

2

1

3

9

51

8. Macabling

5

3

20

5

80

9. Labas

1

2

3

27

10. Pooc

1

3

30

11. Balibago

1

12. Dila

2

13. Dita

3

22 1

1

1

66

3

12

70

1-73


BARANGAY

SWINE

EQUINE

LARGE

SMALL

AVIANS

14. Malitlit

6

4

13

53

15. Pulong Sta.

4

5

8

39

16. Don Jose

4

10

13

17. Sto. Domingo 18. Market Area

3 1

2 5

Total 78 5 86 131 Source: City Veterinary Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna 2013

778

Table 1-26: Farm Facilities and Machineries, 2015

No. of Unit

Year Constructed/ Acquired

Mode of Acquisition

Facility/Machinery Condition

3

1990-92

cash

Functional

2

1990-91

cash

Functional

2

1992-93

cash

Functional

2

1990

cash

Functional

2

1993-95

cash

Functional

1

1991

cash

Functional

1

1995

cash

Functional

1

2009

grant

Functional

1

2009

grant

Functional

1

1993

cash

Functional

1

1990

cash

Functional

1

1998

grant

Functional

1

1993

cash

Functional

3. Rice Mill

1

1987

cash

Functional

4. Warehouse

1

1990

cash

Functional

5. Collapsible Dryer

1

2012

grant

Functional

1

2012

grant

Functional

6. Laminated Sack

3

2012

grant

Functional

7

2012

grant

Functional

16

2012

grant

Functional

7

2012

grant

Functional

2

2012

grant

Functional

9

2012

grant

Functional

4

2012

grant

Functional

2 2012 grant *** - List includes public and privately owned. Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Functional

Name of Facility/ Farm Machinery 1. Rice Thresher

2. Drying Pavement

1-74


Table 1-27: Post-harvest Facilities and Machinery, 2015 No. of Unit

Year Constructed/ Acquired

Mode of Acquisition

Facility/Machinery Condition

10

1990-95

cash

Functional

7

1990-94

cash

Functional

4

1987-92

cash

Functional

2

1990-98

cash

Functional

1

1989

cash

Functional

5

1990-93

cash

Functional

3

1998-2008

cash

Functional

8

1990-97

cash

Functional

4

1992-95

cash

Functional

9

1987-91

cash

Functional

15

1987-98

cash

Functional

2

2007

grant

Functional

1

2012

cash

Functional

1

2013

cash

Functional

1

2013

cash

Functional

2. Tractor

1

1995

cash

Functional

3. Power Tiller

6

1988-91

cash

Functional

4. Rotavator

2

2009

grant

Functional

5. Cultivator

2

2009

grant

Functional

6. Grass Cutter

1

2013

cash

Functional

1

2014

cash

Functional

1

2014

cash

Functional

1

2014

cash

Functional

7. Mechanical Sprayer

1

2014

cash

Functional

8. Shredder Machine

1

2014

cash

Functional

Name of Facility/ Farm Machinery 1. Hand Tractor

*** - List includes public and privately owned. Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna On the other hand, the agricultural sector will shrink further in terms of employment in view of the decreasing hectares of land devoted to farming, livestock and fishing and due to seemingly lack of interest of farmers to cultivate the land. The Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Zone Areas (SAFDZ) of Santa

1-75


Rosa City situated alongside the lakeside areas are not fully utilized by the farmers-fishermen for food production purposes especially the cultivation of highvalue crops and raising of livestock animals. 1.3.10.2 Secondary Sector With the favorable opening of the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) in the 1980s, at least 21 globally competitive locator companies, mainly in manufacturing and industry, invested in the town. First to come in was the Filipinas Synthetic Fiber Corporation (Filsyn) in Brgy. Don Jose, Ani Forge Philippines Inc and Coca ColaBottling Company Inc. in Brgy. Pulong Sta.Cruz, and Monde Nissin in Brgy. Balibago. There were also 725 commercial enterprises established in the city. Investors and businesses came from the wholesale and retail sector, banking and finance sector, insurance and real estate, and services. In 2010, the industrial locators in the city multiplied from 21 to 102 locators, mostly situated in the seven PEZA-registered industrial estates. The businesses generated a combined employment of 100,000 persons and contributing almost eight billion dollars to the country’s country’s export earnings. The city is host to four car manufacturers and two bus assemblers with a combined manpower of almost 3,000 persons and a total production output of 698,859 units. It is a lso the home of the largest bottling plant of Coca-Cola Bottlers and the Philippines ’ first and only world-class theme park. The notable industry industry locators in Santa Rosa City are in the manufacturing of electronics and semi-conductors, automotive and automotive parts, metal, packaging, food processing, and the promising Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry in Santa Rosa City. With the full implementation of the city Investment Code of 2006, the fast growing growth areas of the local economy are expected to lead the way in the business development of Santa Rosa City. Small-scale and micro-industries are also prevalent and are operated by small entrepreneurs and cooperative enterprises. These forward and backward linkages of big, medium and small-scale industries are the key to t o the long-term sustainable sustainable growth of the local local economy. economy. 1.3.10.3 Tertiary Sector The tertiary or the services sector particularly from the commercial areas is the biggest employer of the working population i.e., both the formal and informal sectors of the local economy. The Industry sector comes second especially from the manufacturing industry of food and beverage, automotive assembly, electronics and related areas. The said sector is forecast to dominate the local economy in the future, particularly the sectors related to the Off-shoring and Out-sourcing (O and O) industry such as call center, animation, medical transcription and software development which are linked to the global business market.

1-76


The different businesses and commercial establishments in Santa Rosa City numbered 5,507 5,507 firms as of 2015. The data also also show the major tertiary sector establishments particularly as they are ranked in terms of taxes paid. Economic Enterprises: Slaughterhouse and Public Markets. Markets. Marked improvements improvements in the production and revenue revenue from the city abattoir a r e noted. From a NMIS “ A” A” accreditation (2004), the abattoir is now classified NMIS “ AA” AA”. It was also awarded the Most Outstanding Slaughterhouse of Laguna in the Laguna Meat Congress in October 2011. The average daily slaughter is 175 hogs, 246 246 cattle and 136 carabao. Live animals for slaughter are sourced from the Provinces of Batangas and Quezon, while all carcasses are sold in three major wet markets namely: Poblacion: Market Area, Balibago Balibago Commercial Commercial Complex Market and Paseo Country Market, Talipapa (Balibago, Dila, Dita and Labas), and the neighboring towns of Biñan and Cabuyao (Table 1-28). Table 1-28: Private and Public Wet Markets, 2013 No.

NAME

ADDRESS

TYPE

1

SANTA ROSA-Poblacion

BRGY. MARKET AREA

2

BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL COMPLEX

BRGY. BALIBAGO

PRIVATE

3

PASEO COUNTRY MARKET

BRGY. DON JOSE

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

Source: City Planning and Development Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Tourism. The City Tourism, Culture Arts and Museum Office aims to create awareness, appreciation, interest and patronage of the City of Santa Rosa’s R osa’s tourism tourism products and services. services. The office leads the celebration celebration of the Sikhayan Festival and and tourism-related tourism-related events in various barangays barangays in Santa Rosa. The city participates in local and international tourism and travel expositions, featuring the city tourism sites. The following are the tourism attractions of Santa Rosa City: 







Historical Landmarks--Cuartel Landmarks--Cuartel de Sto. Domingo; Santa Rosa de Lima Parish Church; Museo de Santa Rosa; City Plaza; Santa Rosa Arch (Bantayan) Heritage Houses--Arambulo Houses--Arambulo Ancestral House; Zavalla Ancestral House; Tiongco Ancestral House; Perlas Ancestral House Leisure and Recreation Areas--Enchanted Areas--Enchanted Kingdom; Nuvali; The Monochrome--“The Monochrome--“The Events Place of Nuvali”; Movie at the Field; The Fields Parks and Nature--Biking; Nature--Biking; Greens and Patches; Holy Carabao Holistic Farm; Sta. Elena Golf Club; The Country; Coca-cola Pavilion; Santa Rosa Sports Complex; Santa Rosa Kiddie Park

1-77


Listed in Table 1-29 are the cultural and tourism activities in Santa Rosa City in 2013. Table 1-29: List of Cultural and Tourism Activities, City of Santa Rosa, 2013 DATE

NAME OF ACTIVITIES

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE

PARTICIPANTS

JANUARY 2013

SIKHAYAN FESTIVAL

Celebrating the SikapKabuhayan (fruit of their labor) of Rosenians

NGOs, LGU, Private Sectors

January 1319

Sikap-Kabuhayan Bazaar

Showcasing the products of each Barangay and other neighboring towns

Barangays, Other neighboring towns

January 18

Street Dancing Competition

Aim to showcase the talents of students in terms of dancing

Public High School Students

FEBRUARY 2013

TALENT DAY

Search for the most handsome young men endowed with intelligence and pleasing personality of our town, who in turn will be the Ambassador of Goodwill who will represent the people of Santa Rosa

Representative of each Barangay

February 20

Ginoong Santa Rosa

APRIL 2013

SUMMER FESTIVITIES

Rosenians

April 20

Parade of Rosas ng Santa Rosa

Representative/ Contestant of each Barangay

April 24

Robinson's Place of Santa Rosa Market

Robinsons Santa Rosa

April 25

Pre-Pageant of Rosas ng Santa Rosa

April 26

Singing Contest

April 27

Coronation Night of Rosas ng Santa Rosa

Long week celebration of Fiesta ng Bayan to entertain the people/ residents of City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Representative/ Contestant of each Barangay Contestants Representative/ Contestant of each Barangay

April 28

Karera ng Tiburin and Dance Contest

Contestants

April 29

Battle of the Bands

Contestants

April 30

Fireworks Display and Variety Show

Various Artists

1-78


DATE

NAME OF ACTIVITIES

JUNE 2013

INDEPENDENCE DAY

June 12

Independence Day Celebration

JULY 2013

CITYHOOD OF SANTA ROSA

July 10

Cityhood Day Celebration

NOVEMBER 2013

CHRISTMAS DISPLAY

November 24

Opening of Christmas on Display & Lighting of Giant Christmas Tree

DECEMBER 2013

CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR'S PRESENTATION

December 16

CSWD Children's Concert

December 23

Robinson's Place of Santa Rosa Market

December 24

Christmas' Fireworks Display

December 27

SM City of Santa Rosa

December 28

Rotary Club

December 29

Santa Rosa's Got Talent in Concert

December 31

New Year's Fireworks Display

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE

PARTICIPANTS

Celebrating the Independence of our country against aggressors. In remembrance of this day we offer flowers in front of Rizal monument

NGOs, LGU, Private Sectors

Celebrating the proclamation of our town being recognized as city. Part o the activity was the search for You’ve Got Talent held at SM City Santa Rosa

NGOs, LGU, Private Sectors, You’ve Got Talent Contestants

Celebrating the coming of the Birth of Jesus Christ - it is our desire to make this year’s celebration joyous and festive for our constituents; Dressing our city into a place where our residents can feel the true meaning of Christmas - sharing love, peace and happiness

Rosenians, LGU, NGOs

Source: City Cultural Affairs Office (Clean and Green Projects), City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

1-79


Tourist Arrivals. For 2013, some 1,783,054 tourist and visitor arrivals were recorded in the different tourism related establishments in the City of Santa Rosa (Table 1-30). Table 1-30: Tourists/Visitors Arrivals of City of Santa Rosa, 2013 2013 TOURISTS / VISITORS ARRIVAL Month

Domestic

Foreign

Total

January

260,035

2,186

262,221

February

185,098

2,025

187,123

March

88,584

3,066

91,650

April

121,820

1,797

123,617

May

121,757

1,686

123,443

June

51,688

2,725

54,413

July

40,965

2,349

43,314

August

56,618

2,319

58,937

September

125,618

2,507

128,125

October

185,869

2,424

188,293

November

213,768

2,580

216,348

December

303,376

2,194

305,570

TOTAL 1,755,196 27,858 Source: City Tourism Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

1,783,054

In the major tourism attractions and theme parks alone (Enchanted Kingdom, Monde Nissin and Museo de Santa Rosa), a total of 1,643,202 tourist arrivals was recorded in 2013. For El Cielito Hotel Inn, Paseo Premiere Hotel and Technopark Hotel, the total tourist arrivals was 45, 140. For Rose and Grace Restaurant, Southpick Resort, SM City Santa Rosa and Coca-Cola Pavilion, the total tourist arrivals reached 94,712. 1.3.10.4 Local Economic Condition The local economic condition of a municipality or city covers the status of employment, income profile, and poverty condition of a locality. Employment and Income Profile. The Public Employment Service Office (PESO) ensures the speedy, equitable and efficient employment service delivery and expands the existing employment facilitation services to maximize the impact of employment programs and services at the local government level. The PESO is expected to do the following: a) provide employment to deserving students and out-of-school youths coming from poor families, during summer vacation, as provided for under RA #7323, otherwise known as the Special Program for Employment of Students (SPES) and its implementing rules in order to enable them to pursue their education; b) provide a venue where people could

1-80


explore simultaneously various employment options and actually seek assistance they prefer; c) serve as referral and information center for the various services and programs of DOLE and the local government; d) provide clients with adequate information on employment and labor market situation in the area; e) network with other PESO’s within the region for job exchange purposes; f) encourage employers to submit to the PESO on a regular basis a list of job vacancies in their respective establishments in order to facilitate the exchange of labor market between job seekers and employers; g) undertake employability enhancement training seminars for job seekers; h) provide persons with entrepreneurship qualities access to the various livelihood and self- employment programs offered by both government and non-government organizations at the provincial, city, municipal and barangay levels; i) conduct pre-employment and employment or occupational counseling, career guidance, mass motivation and values development activities; j) provide reintegration assistance services to returning Filipino migrant workers; and k) provide labor assistance to persons with disabilities to integrate them into the society. Wage Rates. The following tables show the minimum daily wage rates by sector in CALABARZON as of January 2016 and the average daily wage rates by region as of April 2015 (Table 1-31 and 1-32).

1-81


Table 1-31: Minimum Daily Wage Rates by Sector, CALABARZON, as of January 2016

Source:http://labstat.psa.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/Current%20Labor%20Statistics/ST ATISTICAL%20TABLES/PDF/Tab21.pdf

1-82


Table 1-32: Average Daily Wage Rates, by Region, 2013- April 2015

Source:http://labstat.psa.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/Current%20Labor%20Statistics/ST ATISTICAL%20TABLES/PDF/Tab17.pdf Labor and Employment Status. The succeeding tables show the labor and employment profile of CALABARZON as of 2015 (Tables 1-33 to 1-35).

1-83


Table 1-33: Household Population 15 Years Old and Over by Employment Status: CALABARZON, 2013-2015 (In thousands except rates)

Source: http://labstat.psa.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/Current%20Labor%20Statistics/ Table 1-34: Number of Establishments, by Employment Size, by Region, 2014

Source:http://labstat.psa.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/Current%20Labor%20Statistics/ST ATISTICAL%20TABLES/PDF/Tab32.pdf

1-84


Table 1-35: Workers Provided with Various Livelihood Assistance Services, CALABARZON, 2012-2013 REGION IV-A

INDICATOR

2012

2013

7,655

4,793

1

5,240

4,518

2

1,117

275

TOTAL WORKERS Informal Sectors Workers Disadvantaged Workers

3 1,298 Wage Workers Source: www. bles.dole.gov.ph; Date Accessed: June 24, 2014; Department of Labor and Employment, Statistical Performance Reporting System

1

2

3

1.4

Workers provided with assistance/services to enhance their self-employed undertakings Workers provided with assistance /services to engage in livelihood undertakings Workers provided with assistance /services to engage in incomeaugmenting collective enterprises

Development Constraints: Priority Issues and Concerns

The following are the identified sectoral issues and concerns with regard to the development of Santa Rosa City: 1.4.1

Social Sector



1. Need for more relocation areas



2. Need for more evacuation centers



3. Need for more roads/wide roads



Congested traffic situation



Causing traffic violations/situations

4. Need for a centralized transport terminal 5. Need for a low-cost housing for the local government employees 6. Government-owned lands being claimed by private developers 7. Need for more housing projects for low/middle income group 8. More “talipapa” being built 9. Along roadsides 10. Overlapping barangay boundaries





Crowded relocation sites Study time/tables of students affected during calamities

Employees interfering with the relocation/ housing projects for the informal settlers Government lands intended for the informal settlers not used by them



Lack of lands for low-cost housing



Sanitation/health hazard for the citizens



Disputes among barangays

1-85


Housing-Housing Office Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Lack of funding/no budget appropriation for resettlement









3. Lack of right-of-way for the use of Relocations 2, 3, 4 and 5 in Brgy. Pulong Santa Cruz 4. There are no sites identified for socialized housing 5. Proliferation of informal settlers in the city 6. Structures - 8,483 7. Families - 10,781











Acquisition of land for resettlement sites are not addressed Cannot make programs for housing/relocation Schools and other buildings such as livelihood centers, covered courts, etc. are used as evacuation sites when there are calamities Informal settlers from danger zones are forced to evacuate during calamities Relocatees are sometimes charged by the owner of the land “toll fees” Scattered relocation sites for housing needs of informal settlers cannot be addressed Lack of work for the migrant workers that forces some to turn to illegal activities to survive Balloon in the population of students studying in public schools such that their quality of education are affected/suffer Number of patients of health officers are also affected

8. Housing Office lacks technical persons 9. No service vehicle Health-CHO I-City Health Office Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Insufficient manpower for primary care prevention a. Doctors (1:20,000 pop) – actual 1:66,620 pop b. Nurses (1:20,000 pop) – actual is 1:41,637 pop c. midwives (1:5,000 pop) – actual is 1:10,409 pop d. sanitary inspectors (1:20,000) – actual is 1:41,637 pop e. dentists (1:50,000) – actual is 1:83,275




Optimal basic services may not be delivered efficiently Fatigued technical staff

1-86


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 2. Maternal deaths still occur in the city 3. Home deliveries by untrained birth attendants 4. Low number of mothers practicing breastfeeding 5. Incomplete immunization for infants below 1 year old 6. Low number of families availing family planning services 7. Poor families cannot afford the Newborn Screening and Newborn Hearing Screening 8. TB Program - case detection target not reached 9. Success rate for TB treatment is not reached (90%) 10. Misconception on dengue cases by laymen 11. Provision of safe water supply not 100%




13. Non-communicable diseases increasing in numbers a. diabetes mellitus b. renal diseases c. cardiovascular diseases d. chronic lung diseases e. blindness 14. Inappropriate vehicle for disaster response

Sick children/deaths below 5 years old



Sick children/deaths below 1 year old

 









 





  





15. Barangay health stations in Malusak, Market Area located in barangay hall

Increase maternal deaths/complications needing hospitalization and more expenses





12. Lack of sanitation and toilet facilities during disaster response

Increase maternal mortality rate/MDG not achieved





Problem in population control Parents may not provide the basic rights of their children, including health Newborn errors of metabolism cannot be prevented Hearing deficiency of NBs not detected and prevented More cases of TB not detected, infection control will be a problem Emergence of MDR and XDR cases Panic of community Overreporting of cases Diarrhea as one of the causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in children Emergence of other water-borne diseases like typhoid fever, hepatitis, cholera, amoebiasis Increased number families getting sick in evacuation centers Increased morbidity and mortality Less productive head of the family Low income for the family

Delayed health services to hard-to-reach areas Personal expenses of front liners Facility not appropriate for health service delivery, more infection/disease can arise Crowded health center

1-87


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 16. CHO1 not PhilHealth- MCP accredited CHO2 not PhilHealth-MCP/TB Package accredited 17. Poor families still not members of any social health schemes such as PhilHealth 18. Health budget allocated is below 15% (Recommended 15%, MOOE is 45%) (including hospital = 20-25% health budget)






PhilHealth members cannot avail of free services

Health privileges and package rates not availed (OPD and in patients) Health services may not be given to constituents needing these services

HWLRH-SRCH-Santa Rosa Community Hospital Observation/Technical Findings/ Issues and Concerns 1. Increase in migration to Santa Rosa City 2. Increase in population - congested in populated areas 3. Overflowing of sick people/patients in the community hospital (SRCH1) as in CHO1 level 2 Outnumbered the number of hospital beds Outnumbered the number of medical staff 4. Insufficient medicines to the hospital pharmacy due to limited allocation for drugs and very slow processing of pharmacy supply demands 5. DOH, under the new reclassification of the hospital, requires that the hospital pharmacy should have complete medicines and supplies












Increase in number of dissatisfied patients Increase in number of patients not given medical attention that should be hospitalized Increase in number of mortality

Increase in number of patients buying medicines outside the hospital

License to operate of the hospital will be affected PHIC accreditation will be affected

Education- DEPED- Department of Education Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Schools have no land title 2. Availability of land area for additional classrooms construction


No sense of ownership



Classroom shortage

1-88


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 3. Some schools are prone to flood

Implications/Effects  



4. No available laboratory and industrial classrooms

Stoppage of classes Absences of both students and teachers Increase in drop-out rate

Unemployable graduates

Protective Services-PNP – Philippine National Police Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns


1. Location of PCPs/Substations



2. Low personnel ratio (1:3,000)



3. Inadequate mobility capacity



4. Inadequate number of firearms/weapons and communication equipment 5. Limited resources for the programs





Not visible/accessible to residents and those in transit in the city for immediate response Inadequate response to police services Response time is affected/delay in the delivery of public service Increase of crime volume and decreasing crime efficiency solution Deterioration of peace and order

Protective Services- BJMP-Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Jail congested




2. Lack of personnel

 

3. Lack of equipment



Overcrowded cells will cause illness/diseases of inmates Bad odor in jail premises Multi-functional work The number of inmates outnumber the number of duty officers that puts the security at risk Poor jail operation

Protective Services-BFP-Bureau of Fire Protection Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Poor location and lack of hydrants and water source 2. Inadequate firefighting equipment




Cannot easily refill water tanks in case of bigger fires Cannot easily access narrow areas and cannot perform well in rescuing

1-89



Implications/Effects victims that are possibly trapped inside

3. Lack of aerial ladder for future highrise building 4. Need of additional substations on strategic locations 5. Inadequate personal protective equipment for BFP personnel 6. Inadequate BFP personnel like fire volunteer and fire brigade









7. Inadequate means of communication



8. Strict implementation of fire codes



9. Dissemination of fire safety information



Cannot easily access high-rise building in fire fighting To shorten response time Risking firemen lives during fire operation Difficulty in fire suppression and in rescue operation Delay in relaying the status of fire incidents and rescue Non-compliance or violation Problem in relaying/informing small households and small businesses

Protective Services-RESCUE Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Permanent evacuation area 2. Understaffed: (responder, office staff, technical staff) 3. Additional technical rescue equipment (high- rise angle rescue)


Evacuees are not concentrated in one area



Slow response



Cannot respond to high-rise building

Sports and Recreation-City Sports Development Office Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Lack of sports staff personnel

2. Sports facilities/location for trainings of different sports (indoor and outdoor games)

3. Potential athletes and active athletes prioritization 4. Continue the programs of priority sports: ball games, contact sports, table games, aquatic sports, athletic games and precision sports










Points to prolong field assignments and documentations for immediate feedback of sports task For local athletes to have a specific area of trainings To have an area for tournaments that will cover and accommodate big volume of participants and audiences Athletes will have the zest to continue their chosen field of sports and schooling at the same time Identify the city in terms of sports and known athletes

1-90


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 5. New techniques and strategies on supervising the athletes 6. Sports recognitions




For upgrading advancements For local athletes’ and coaches’ prestige

Social Welfare-CSWDO-City Social Welfare Development Office Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns 1. Lack of personnel (Registered Social Worker) 2. Lack of social welfare facilities such as: a) Women and Children Crisis Center b) CICL Rehab Center c) Center for Street Children 3. Lack of service vehicle to transport clients to and from their destination 4. Lack of storage for stockpiling of relief goods especially during disaster emergencies 5. Lack of practical skills training and productivity center especially for women 6. Lack of Day Care Center / renovation of existing old Day Care Centers (3 day care centers) 7. Increasing number of domestic violence cases 8. Lack of funds to provide livelihood capital assistance to families with low means and no income 9. Increasing number of youth delinquents 1.4.2


















Cannot immediately respond/attend to clients in need High risk on the safety of lives both for the victims of abuses and minor offenders; need of vehicle to transport client to and from the Institution Delayed transaction, delayed services Relief goods are often seen along the hallway outside of the CSWD Office Increased number of women who are idle and unproductive Increasing number of pre-schoolers who are not enrolled in Day Care Center (3-4years); Unsafe existing old Day Care Center Increased number of women and children abuse cases, street children and CICL Increased number of cases of family problems resulting to number of crimes committed Increased number of street children

Environment Sector

Polluted Laguna Lake. Santa Rosa is located in the western part of Laguna de Bay,the largest lake in the Philippines and also referred to as Laguna Lake. The lake is naturally scenic and highly productive, but it is polluted as a result of human activities in the watershed carried via tributaries or directly into the lake. For example,

1-91


the discharged raw sewage into waterways is transported to the lake, thus contributing to excessive ammonia, a cause of fish k ills. Saltwater Intrusion. Saltwater intrusion can happen when waters from Manila Bay flush into the lake and lakeshore communities exceed the safe yield limits of their aquifers. Presence of Total Fecal Coliform in Wells. Out of the 77 wells, 26 wells tested positive for total coliform and from this number, about 12 wells were found to be positive for fecal coliform (Escherichia coli or E. coli ). The study identified possible sources of total and fecal coliform in groundwater such as agricultural runoff, effluent from septic tank systems or sewage discharges, and infiltration of domestic or animal fecal matter. Fecal coliform in deepwell water suggests recent groundwater contamination (or the aquifer system) from sewage or from animal waste. Unfavorable Conditions within Immediate Well Area. Seven possible cases were recorded of unfavorable physical conditions within the immediate well area which have contributed to the contamination of aquifer, and these include: (1) submerged well base; (2) well near canal and waterways; (3) cracked well concrete base; (4) absence of a concrete base or concrete pedestal; (5) well located on top of canal or waterway; (6) poor condition of casing, pump assembly/parts; and (7) proximity to and location down gradient of toilet or septic tank. These conditions are aggravated by flooding and the regular use of the well area for washing and bathing, which facilitate entry of contaminated water into the aquifer through the well casings or openings on the ground. Need to Formulate an Air Quality Management Framework. The CENRO plans to prepare an air quality management action plan to address air pollution problems, reduce emission of air pollutants from stationary and mobile sources, and protect the health of its people. Lack of Wastewater Treatment Facilities. The entire city lacks wastewater treatment facilities. The wastes are discharged into surface waters like rivers, creeks and to Laguna Lake. Consequently, liquid wastes from the city contribute to the unfavorable Class C status of Laguna Lake. Occurrence of Flooding. The overflow of water from Laguna de Bay contributes significantly to flooding as the water level rises due to heavy rainfall. During prolonged or abnormal precipitation and cyclonic episodes, floodwaters can remain for two to three months in the lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Caingin and Aplaya. The deepest flood level reaches to almost one meter in Brgy. Tagapo. River walls in Brgys. Macabling and Tagapo are badly damaged during these flood events. Susceptibility to Liquefaction. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak and Caingin are highly susceptible to liquefaction. Brgys. Tagapo and Labas have moderate susceptibility to liquefaction, while Pooc has moderate to high

1-92


susceptibility. Areas of low susceptibility include Brgys. Macabling, Balibago, Dila and Dita. 1.4.3

Infrastructure and Utilities

Poor Level III Water System Service. The Level III water system has poor level of service characterized by low to zero pressure during peak demand, high nonrevenue water due to presence of leaks in pipes, and old and undersized pipes. Groundwater Exploitation. Level I systems are not monitored and can led to groundwater exploitation. Based on the available 1998 data, groundwater extraction has already reached 60 percent of the safe groundwater yield. If left unchecked, the groundwater depths may increase resulting in higher pumping costs and further ground subsidence. It can also lead to degraded quality of water for the Level I system as articulated by participants during the 2012 Sectoral Analysis Workshop. The respondents complained that water from the wells were already getting dirty, taste different, and at times looked gray or yellowish as caused by the contamination of water wells and tables and had likely caused increase in waterrelated diseases such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhea. Lack of Sanitation and Toilet Facilities during Disaster Response. A special concern for this infrastructure sub-sector is the lack of sanitation and toilet facilities during disaster response as identified during the 2012 Sectoral Analysis Workshop. It was noted that there was an increase in the number families getting sick while in evacuation centers. Drainage Problem. Based on the study, it reveals that most of the drainage structure are either insufficient to catch surface run-off due to structures that are damaged. This condition coupled with encroachment of informal settlers along river banks results to flooding in the low-lying areas. Based on technical studies conducted by Japanese and UP Los Baños researchers, it is estimated that the flood extent area of Santa Rosa City will increase by 22 percent in 2025, reckoned from 2014 level, if the current urban development scenario is allowed to run its course without intervention. This translates to 1,180 hectares of flooded areas, compared to 970 hectares in 2014. This projection is based on the rapid land conversion from agricultural to residential and industrial uses, thereby increasing impervious areas. Declining Cultivation of Agricultural Lands. As of 2013, there is only one antiquated irrigation facility, rehabilitated in 2010, in Santa Rosa City Need for LEED-Certified Government Centers. There is also a need for government centers to become LEED-certified to set a good example in efficient energy management.

1-93


ICT Sub-sector Concern. There is minimal/unreliable access to the internet of government centers which hamper efficiency for conducting business. Furthermore, communications are unreliable due to intermittent mobile phone signals within the city and the use of non-fiber optic telephone lines. The latter has created apprehension among investors relying on ICT inasmuch as the desired infrastructure is already in place. Lack of Land for MRF. The main issue identified as far as solid waste is concerned is the lack of land for MRF and pick-up stations. Residents complain when these facilities are near their houses with the fear of diseases and bad odor and fumes. 1.4.4

Transportation

The table below summarizes the issues and concerns relevant to the transportation sector. Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns



CPDO/CTMEO 1. Lack of traffic masterplan










2. Minimal use of bicycles 3. Lack of a dedicated public transport system linking the east (old city area) to the west part of the city (NUVALI area) 4. Lack of ferries traveling from one LGU to another using the Laguna de Bay route 5. Improved capability and safety of CTMEO staff

6. Started partnership with TAP and Rotary



Environment friendly, Good for the health

Costly and inconvenient for the commuting public







Will lessen the load of commuters using public roads

CTMEO staff prone to harassments

Increase awareness of students about













Conduct strategic Traffic Impact assessment. Promote the three E’s of traffic management. Participatory plan formulation. Provision of bicycle lanes, bicycle specific route, etc. aside from sidewalk. A local railroad system connecting the old city to the more developed part of the city or a new route of public vehicles from east to south Accreditation of ferries, promotion of water transport as a means of traveling Trainings, capacity building, hiring of additional staff if needed, additional equipment (camera, batons, radios, etc.) etc. Traffic safety park, inclusion of traffic safety

1-94


Observation/Technical Findings/Issues and Concerns Club in local traffic education 7. No motorpool/ impounding area


9. Lack of pedestrian overpass in heavy traffic and accidentprone areas 1.4.5



traffic safety 

Impounded vehicles are considered eyesore in front of police stations

Commuters or pedestrian doesn’t observe local traffic rules





Pedestrian is highly at risk to motor accidents

education in school children’s curriculum 





Provision of motorpool

In partnership with the civil society, provide adequate traffic signs Provision of pedestrian overpass in accident-prone areas

Local Economic Sector

Shrinking Agricultural Sector. The agricultural sector will shrink further in terms of employment in view of the decreasing hectares of land devoted to farming, livestock and fishing and seemingly lack of interest of farmers to cultivate the land. The Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Zone Areas (SAFDZ) of Santa Rosa situated alongside the lakeside areas are not fully utilized by the farmers-fishermen for food production purposes, especially the cultivation of high-value crops and raising of livestock animals. Increase of Economic Activities and Opportunities in the City. The influx of the BPO industry has resulted to an Increase of economic activity in the city, jobs availability and other opportunities. The CPDO suggested to provide incentives for the BPO companies and work closely with BPAP and Philippine Chamber of Commerce in attracting new investors. The lack of available labor manpower in the BPO industry resulted in untapped job opportunities due to skills mismatch. Non-functional Investment Code/Investment Office. This may induce attracting new investors and encouraging expansion of existing businesses. Weak Support to SME’s. The weak support to SME’s resulted to limited employment and decrease economic activities.

Few Functional Cooperatives. Few functional cooperatives lead to benefits like tax exemptions, among others, were not enjoyed by non-members. Issues and Concerns in Commerce and Trade. In terms of commerce and trade, the Business Permit and License Office presented the following findings: long list of clearances/requirements being asked from the tax payers/business owners by the national agencies; duplication of requirements being asked of the taxpayers; land use

1-95


classification of business establishments; and boundary disputes among barangays. The taxpayers are discouraged in securing their permits. There are also conflicts/disputes among business owners and citizenry, and confusion among Barangay Captains. Land Use Shifting and Other Issues in Agriculture. The City Agriculture Office identified the shifting of land use from agricultural to residential, commercial and mixed-use and irrigation problems during the development of agricultural lands. The decreasing agricultural productivity and high cost of production due to high costs of farm inputs are identified as the major issues and concerns, which result to reduced area for agricultural production. Social Problems. Social problems have been caused by the influx of emigrants. The social and economic problems result from relocation programs. The remaining areas for agricultural production decrease further due to lack of irrigation. There has been decline in food commodity contribution, and consequently problems in food security. 1.4.6

Local Administration and Finance

The matrix below summarizes the issues and concerns pertaining to local administration and finance. Technical Findings/Observations

Implications (Effects)

Unclear barangay territorial boundaries

Unclear delineation of land and property

Lack of city government-owned lands

Limited capacity of the LGU to engage in future development

Increase demand for government services

Difficulty in the proper targeting of appropriate beneficiaries for timely delivery of services

1.5 1.5.1

Losses in terms of income from property/business tax

Comparative Advantages and Competitive Edge Economic Potentials

The economic activities of Santa Rosa City are fueled by the presence of four industrial sites. There are also three major BPO company locators. The employment environment is favored by the presence of trainable local manpower and the entry of foreign direct investments. Santa Rosa City has been identified by BPAP and DOST-ICTO as the 2nd Next Wave City in ICT (2010) and ranked # 84 by Tholons Consultants among all the cities in the world as the ideal BPO location.

1-96


The physical accessibility of the city is reinforced by the near future construction of new major roads (Cavite-Laguna Expressway and Laguna Lake Circumferential Road), among others. 1.5.2

Competitiveness of the LGU

Among all the cities of the Philippines, the overall competitiveness of Santa Rosa City greatly improved from 67 th rank in 2014 to 64 th rank in 2015. Economic dynamism reflected the same trend. However, the city exhibited declining rank in terns of government efficiency and infrastructure competitiveness from 114th to 174th in 2014 and from 22 nd to 33rd in 2015, respectively. In terms of government efficiency, Santa Rosa City ranked first in LGPMS transparency score and compliance to national directives for LGU. The ranking of the city markedly expanded from 87 th in 2014 to 3 rd in 2015 in terms of health. Likewise, the ranking on economic governance score in LGPMS went up from 133 rd in 2014 to 88th in 2015. The table below shows the competitiveness of Santa Rosa City in 2014 and 2015 in terms of economic dynamism, government efficiency, and infrastructure. 2014

2015

Rank

Score

Rank

Overall Competitiveness

67

67

34

35.5250

E conomic Dynamis m

41

41

36

9.6240607

Local Economy Size

28

28

29

0.457726

Local Economy Growth

55

55

571

0.193431

NDA

NDA

726

2.008650

Inflation Rate

30

30

-

-

Financial Institutions

38

38

16

2.302026

NDA

NDA

267

0.004448

Business Groups

53

53

32

0.478927

Cost of Doing Business

23

23

726

2.008650

G overnment E fficiency

114

114

174

15.978791

1

1

1

3.333333

133

133

88

3.258333

Ratio of LGU Collected Tax to LGU Revenues

47

47

-

-

LGU Competitions Related Awards

57

57

523

0.000000

Business Registration Efficiency

114

114

479

2.715910

Investment Promotion

100

100

239

2.500000

1

1

1

3.333333

102

102

-

-

87

87

3

1.082181

NDA

NDA

94

0.435132

Jobs

Productivity

Transparency Score in LGPMS Economic Governance Score in LGPMS

Compliance to National Directives for LGUs Security Health Schools

Score

1-97


2014

2015

Rank

Score

Rank

Infras tructure

22

22

33

9.9221623

Existing Road Network

28

28

140

0.000350

Distance of Center to Major Ports

61

61

443

2.938298

DOT Accredited Accommodations

30

30

267

0.000000

Health Infrastructure

55

55

3

1.082181

120

120

94

0.435132

1

1

1

3.333333

Annual Investments in Infrastructure

39

39

443

0.205139

Connection to ICT

12

12

188

0.550528

5

5

14

1.052910

42

42

-

-

Education Infrastructure Availability of Basic Utilities

Number of ATMs/td> Number of Public Transportation Systems Source: Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness

Score

1.5.2.1 Increased Collection from Taxes The sources of tax revenue of the Santa Rosa City include local taxes from business such as community tax, real property tax and other local taxes, fines and penalties, professional tax, amusement tax, franchise tax, printing and publication tax, property tax, and tax on delivery trucks and vans. Generally, the collection from local taxes exhibited an upward trend from 2010 to 2013. This significantly contributed to the continuous growth in total income for the mentioned period. 1.5.2.2 Operating and Miscellaneous Revenues The city also generates income from permits and licenses (fees on weights and measures and franchising and licensing fees. The other sources of revenue are permit fees, registration fees, and fines/penalties from permits/licenses; service income from clearance and certification fees, garbage fees, inspection fees and other service income; business income from hospital fees, cemetery operation, markets, slaughterhouse and other business income; and other income covering dividend income, income from grants and donation, interest income, internal revenue allotment (IRA), share from economic zones, miscellaneous income; and share from PAGCOR/PCSO. The average annual revenue from other income equivalent to PhP522.81 million dominates the general income representing 35 percent of the total income. Generally, the total income of the city has demonstrated a positive growth of 12 percent per year from 2010 to 2013.

1-98


1.6

Functional Role Of The City

The functional role of Santa Rosa City is reflected in its vision as follows: “A Resilient, Safe and Secured, Transport -Friendly and Green City

with Healthy, Productive, Connected, and Empowered Citizenry s erved by an E ffi ci ent, Trans parent, Inclus ive, and Participatory Government”

The City of Santa Rosa is envisioned to become a Transport-Friendly and Green City, given the development thrusts or goals such as industrial, commercial and tourism development. As a transport-friendly city, it will address the issues of lack of traffic masterplan; minimal use of bicycles; lack of a dedicated public transport system linking the east (old city area) to the west part of the city (NUVALI area); lack of ferries traveling from one LGU to another using the Laguna de Bay route; improved capability and safety of CTMEO staff; lack of motorpool/impounding area; lack of traffic signs; and lack of pedestrian overpass in heavy traffic and accident-prone areas. Santa Rosa City can adhere to the following characteristics of a Green City by adopting the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) key elements of a green, livable and sustainable city: 







Low levels of environmental and climate change impact: Developing cities that recycle, manage waste in innovative ways and use renewable energy resources. Inclusive development and engaged residents: City planning that includes all residents, including the poor and disadvantaged, and mechanisms for people to affect the decisions being made about how their city is developed and managed. Resilience to disasters and other shocks: City planning and development that anticipates the impact of natural hazards and helps keep people safe and infrastructure intact. Cultural and historic preservation: The recognition of the value of a city’s cultural heritage and history, and city planning that incorporates these elements.

Green space and walkability: Moving away from developing cities around roads and automobile traffic and creating vehicle free areas.

1-99


1.7

SWOT Analysis

A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a “matching” procedure which means aligning internal factors with external factors for the primary purpose of formulating feasible strategies or courses of action. The SWOT is also an analytical technique that will serve as a guide to the following activities: generating the stakeholders’ vision for their locality, formulating the development framework, proposing development alternatives, and devising sectoral and land use strategies for the comprehensive land use and development plans. Strengths and weaknesses which are internal to the municipality are those which are within its power to control or solve while opportunities and threats which are external to the city are those which it could utilize or minimize even though they are outside its circle of influence.

Internal Strengths and Weaknesses and External Opportunities and

1.7.1

Threats Strengths Strategic Location Industrialized Highly Urbanized / Commercial Rich in Water Resources Non-IRA Dependent ICT/Computerized City Government Operations System Strong Political Will Presence of Tourist Spots (EK, Golf) Strong Collaboration Between Government, Private and Civil Society organizations Strong TechVoc Schools

        



Weaknesses Flood-Prone Area Urban Problems (Traffic issues, environmental degradation, housing/ development of slums, peace and order) Traffic Congestion Lack of Tertiary Schools Lack of Government-Owned Lands Outdated Baseline Data Opportunities  

   

   

Next Wave City / Tholons Ranking Increasing Job Opportunities Green Technology in Establishing Master Planned Communities Highly Urbanized City

1-100


 

Water Transport System Development of Cuartel De Sto. Domingo

Threats   

1.7.2

Aggressive Investment Promotional Campaigns of Neighboring LGU’s Development and Industrialization of Upland Cavite Deterioration of Laguna Lake SO, WO, ST and WT Strategies

After identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats relative to Santa Rosa City, the SWOT analysis proceeds to matching up or combination of the four components that leads to the formulation of four types or groups of strategies, namely, SO, WO, ST and WT strategies. SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategies are based on using the city’s internal strengths to take advantage of external opportunities. WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) strategies aim at improving internal weaknesses by taking advantage of external opportunities. ST (Strengths-Threats) strategies are based on using the city’s strengths to avoid or reduce the impact of external threats. WT (Weaknesses-Threats) strategies are directed at overcoming internal weaknesses and avoiding environmental and other threats. S-O Strategies 













Match local manpower skills with the required standards of industry (ICT, Mfg., etc.) through training, capability building Invite potential investors/aggressively promote the city to the target locators as the ideal investment location. Apply and upgrade the city status from a component city to highly urbanized city Promote comprehensive tourism package linking local tourist attractions (EK, old houses, Cuartel De Sto. Domingo, manufacturing plants like Toyota, Nissin, Coca-Cola) Take advantage of strong and active presence of private sectors and civil society in the promotion/conduct to projects and programs Maximize the technology (ICT) adopted in government services to promote transparent, efficient and relevant services to Santa Rosa constituents. Adoption and mainstreaming green technology to government centers and new developments. as exemplified by Master Planned Communities

S-T Strategies 



Operationalization of investment code through political will to promote the city to investors Coordinate with upland Cavite for possible collaboration/metropolitan arrangement to come up with a win-win solution in addressing their development in relation to its effect (flooding in Santa Rosa)

1-101






Through the CPDC and CENRO, collaborate with LLDA and other related agencies on how Santa Rosa can help/participate in taking care of Laguna Lake Promote sustainable development in the management of local watershed

W-O Strategies 





Promote water transport system as alternative mode of transportation to alleviate worsening traffic conditions Implement CBMS to identify unemployment rate, poverty rate, etc. to clearly identify the people who most need scarce government services and avoid free riders that will strain the city resources Promote the conversion of the city to HUC to be able to have a sole and dedicated congressman that will lobby the national government in providing additional tertiary schools, hospital supports, etc.

W-T Strategies 





1.8

Implementation of the Drainage Master Plan awaiting metropolitan agreement with upland Cavite in mitigating flooding in the city. Training/capability building of non-civil service eligible employees to match the needed skills standard of BPO and other industries. Relocate informal settlers encroaching on Laguna Lake to a relocation housing site through a government housing program (to protect and restore Laguna Lake and social housing services to deserving indigent members of the community).

Development Potentials and Constraints

In the 3rd CLUP stakeholders’ Consultation conducted on April 10, 2013, the CLUP Team produced the SWOT analysis which was also articulated in the same workshop by the identification of the city’s development potentials and constraints. The potentials may be said to articulate the strengths and opportunities while the constraints may be said to elucidate the weaknesses and threats. The potentials and constraints cover the political, social, economic, infrastructural, environmental and land use sectors that reflect the totality of the city’s current developmental situation. 1.8.1

Development Potentials

Stable Political Leadership – Continuity of programs is ensured for the next three years. The local chief executive is a hands-on leader with a strong political will to enforce even unpopular policies. 1.8.1.1 Economic Activities 

Fueled by the presence of 4 industrial sites;

1-102


   



3 major BPO company locators; Unique tourist attraction mix; Trainable local manpower, presence of investment code; Identification by BPAP and DOST-ICTO as the 2nd Next Wave City in ICT (2010) and ranked #84 by Tholons Consultants among all the cities in the world as the ideal BPO location; and Physical accessibility to be reinforced by the near future construction of new major roads (Cavite-Laguna Expressway and Laguna Lake circumferential road), among others.

1.8.1.2 Ideal Social Milieu 



   



More than enough numbers of primary and secondary educational institutions; Present and future sites of major universities (UST, Don Bosco, Miriam, Ateneo, St. Scholastica, etc.); Adequate health facilities; Controlled peace and order situation; Availability of parks and recreational centers; Ready, coordinated and functional disaster risk reduction and management institution; and Strong presence of active private sectors/civil society government partners, among others.

Adequate and steady supply of electricity, water, and telephone lines (connectivity) 1.8.1.3 Empowered and Responsible Component Barangays 

It has a clear and transparent provision of local taxes (tax code), functional inter-agency committees (LDC, CDRRMC, etc.), enacted Environmental Code, and Investment Code, among others.

1.8.1.4 Rich watershed 



Located near Metro Manila (Nation’s Capital) and Tagaytay City (famous tourist destination). Presence of world-class residential Master Planned Communities with famous parks and commercial areas.

1.8.1.5 Development Constraints    

Perennial flooding Deterioration of the environment specially the Laguna Lake Skills mismatch between local talent and industry Unclear barangay territorial boundaries

1-103




   

Lack of essential data such as poverty level, number of indigents, and unemployment rate, among others, prevent the efficient implementation of programs, especially social programs. Outdated and insufficient data Lack of city government-owned lands Limited tourism potential of Cuartel de Sto. Domingo Due to urbanization, increase demand of government services taxing the resources of the city

Priority Matrix Urgent

Important

Less Important

Perennial flooding Lack of essential data Lack of city government owned lands Unclear barangay territories

   

Less Urgent







Problem/Issues 1. Perennial flooding

Disfragmented/Uncoordinated tourism approach Skills mismatch between local talent and industry Deterioration of the environment, especially the Laguna Lake Possible Interventions

Responsibility Center

A. Pre-Disaster Intervention LCE 1. Infrastructure programs in CDRRMC accordance with the Drainage Master CDRRMO Plan LDC 2. Construction of permanent ABC evacuation centers (not public CPDC schools) CUDHO 3. Permanent relocation of people living and other City in high-risk areas Departments 4. IEC on city’s disaster risk and disaster preparation 5. CDRRMC and BDRRMC preparedness-trainings and drills 6. Organization of disaster related organizations/volunteers 7. Identification of high-risk population 8. Coordination with national government agencies, nearby LGUs on activities regarding disaster preparedness B. During Disaster 1. Ready Rescue Officers 2. Ready stock of supplies, disaster kits,

1-104


Problem/Issues

Possible Interventions

Responsibility Center

tents, etc. 3. Ready evacuation centers C. Post-Disaster Programs 1. Evacuation Management (health, basic need provisions, livelihood activities) 2. Clean-up activities 2. Lack of essential data

Conduct of regular CBMS

CPDC

3. Lack of city government owned lands

Land banking

LCE SP Local Team

4. Increase demand of government services

Correct and accurate targeting of beneficiaries – conduct of regular CBMS

CPDC

5. Unclear barangay territories

Passage of Sanggunian ordinance identifying individual territories

LCE SP ABC

6. Fragmented/ uncoordinated tourism approach

Formulation of a Tourism Master Plan

LCE CPDC LDC ABC

7. Skills mismatch between local talent and industry

Provision of training courses in partnership with local private companies/industries, relevant NGOs, and national government agencies like TESDA

CPDC SRMTC DepEd LCE-SP

8. Deterioration of the environment, especially the Laguna Lake

1. IEC on the status of the Laguna Lake and Watershed 2. Establishment of a sewerage system 3. Establishment of MRF in every barangay 4. Tree planting 5. Coordination and cooperation with NGA programs (Manila Bay Clean-up, LLDA activities, etc.)

Finance

1-105

Section

2 2.1

VISION AND CCA/DRR MAINSTREAMING

Vision

The preceding situational analysis that dealt with identifying sectoral issues and concerns, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as development potentials and constraints has resulted to the formulation of the following well-crafted vision for the city that is inspiring, inclusive, realistic and attainable: “A Resilient, Safe and Secured, Transport-Friendly and Green City with Healthy, Productive, Connected and Empowered Citizenry served by an Efficient, Transparent, Inclusive, and Participatory G overnment.”

2.2

Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Santa Rosa City CLUP Formulation

2.2.1

Exposure of Santa Rosa City to Hazards

As shown in Table 2-1, Santa Rosa City is exposed to flood, liquefaction, landslide and erosion hazards. Flood, landslide and erosion hazards are influenced by climatic events while liquefaction hazard is induced by the geologic event of earthquakes. Unlike other areas, such as those along marine coastal areas, the city is not exposed to hazards such a sea level rise, tsunami and storm surge. Flood, landslide and erosion natural phenomena are influenced by the climatic element of rainfall which can be brought about by typhoons, extended rainfall, strong thunderstorms and La Niña episodes--natural events that can be traced to climate change that the planet is currently experiencing. These hazards are currently being experienced yearly by the city since they are induced by rainfall. Table 2-1: Disaster/Hazard Susceptibility/Exposure Inventory Matrix of Santa Rosa City Barangay

Flood

Liquefaction

Aplaya Balibago Caingin Dila Dita Don Jose





Landslide

Erosion





 

  

2-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 2. VISION AND CCA/DRR MAINSTREAMING

Barangay

Flood

Liquefaction

Ibaba Kanluran Labas Macabling Malitlit Malusak Market Area Pooc Pulong Santa Cruz Santo Domingo Sinalhan Tagapo













Landslide

Erosion

  









 

 



 

Of the three hazards of flooding, landslide and erosion, it is flooding that presents a high risk to the population, urban use areas, natural resource-based production areas, critical point facilities and lifeline utilities – especially those located in the northern flat areas with low slopes and elevation. The landslide-prone area in the south along the Diezmo and Lumbia rivers have not been known to experience the hazard as yet. Soil erosion is an imperceptible and slow process but, taken together over the years, it is the cause of siltation of rivers that in turn exacerbate flooding in the northern lowland section of the city. It may be mentioned that the three hazards mentioned above are exacerbated by anthropogenic activities in the uplands of Silang within the Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed. These activities pertain to the denudation of secondary forest, commercial tree plantations and grasslands in Silang brought about by urban development that allows rainwater to flow quickly to the lowlands of Santa Rosa City and Cabuyao City without being caught by vegetation or absorbed by the soil. It is important that the watershed is managed well especially in terms of maintaining the ground cover in the higher elevations and steeper slopes of Silang in order to minimize the occurrence of the three hazards in the cities of Santa Rosa and Cabuyao. With regard to liquefaction, this is still a potential hazard since it is dependent on the occurrence of an earthquake when the West Valley Fault moves and loosens the weak alluvial rock stratum and the soft silty loam soil in the northern half of the city. The loosening of the rock and soil layers will allow the entry of water and consequently cause the weakening of the foundations of urban structures that in turn can cause loss of lives and property. As will be described in more detail later, studies point out that the 100-kilomter fault line running from Rodriguez, Rizal to Tagaytay City is predicted to move anytime as it has already reached its 200- to 400year cycle of movement. Santa Rosa City will definitely be affected since its southern boundary in Brgy. Sto. Domingo is just 10 kilometers away from the fault line.

2-2


2.2.2

Climatic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards

The climate of the Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed in Laguna Province is Type I which is marked by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season is brought by cyclonic and orographic storms from the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea. The prevailing winds are from the southwest ( habagat ) from late June to September and from the northeast (amihan) from December to March. Rainfall varies from higher parts to lower parts of the subwatershed. The higher elevations of Silang, Cavite register annual rainfalls of 2800 millimeters, compared to 2000 millimeters in lower parts near the lake. Climate variation has a big influence on flooding in lower Santa Rosa City. Downstream residents of the city report flooding even when it is not raining. This is due to the Silang climate which experiences more frequent and heavier rains. Stormwater runoff from Silang results in floods in the lower sections of the subwatershed. The mean annual rainfall for the subwatershed is 2436 millimeters. Of this rainfall, 1323 millimeters (or 54 percent) ends up as runoff, while 328 millimeters (or 13 percent) is percolated down to aquifers. The balance of 786 millimeters is evaporated or transpired by trees. The monthly rainfall is presented in Table 2-2. The annual rainfall varies from about 3000 millimeters in the headwaters to about 1800 millimeters on the lakeshore. An average monthly rainfall of less than 40 millimeters is experienced during dry months from January to April. The wet season peaks in July and August with about 430 millimeters rainfall per month. This is the period when flooding occurs in the lower subwatershed. 2.2.2.1 Watersheds as Interconnected Ecosystems The streams and rivers of the Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed play an important role in shaping the land as they carry water and sediment from the Taal Caldera towards the lake. Rain falling on the land surface flows by gravity through a network of gullies and streams and ultimately enters into the main river channel and in the process exposing the city to hazards such as flooding, landslides, soil erosion and siltation.

2-3


Table 2-2: Average Monthly Rainfall in Santa Rosa City (mm)

The Santa Rosa River, from which the subwatershed is partly named, finds its headwaters from the eastern barangays of Silang, where tributaries flow to the main channel into deeply incised gullies before reaching the Macabling weir, where the stormwater is dispersed through a network of NIA irrigation canals before discharging to Laguna Lake.

2-4


The land surface is subdivided into discrete, definable drainage areas known as subbasins, each drained by a single stream, fed by its tributaries. The Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed has more than 112 sub-basins (Figure 2-1). Each sub-basin has its land use, soil group and slope characteristics. 2.2.3

Anthropogenic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards

In the recent study on “Participatory Watershed Land-use Management: An Approach for Integrated Climate Change Actions” of the University of the Philippines-Los Baños and Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) of Japan, it is estimated that the flood extent area of Santa Rosa City will increase by 22 percent in 2025, reckoned from the 2014 level, if the current urban development scenario is allowed to run its course without intervention. This translates to 1,180 hectares of flooded areas, compared to 970 hectares in 2014. This projection is based on the rapid land conversion from agricultural to residential and industrial uses, thereby increasing impervious areas (Figures 2-2 and 2-3). The summarized findings of the study are as follows: 







Impervious area of subwatershed increased by 54 percent (from 3,239 hectares to 4,988 hectares). Vegetated area decreased by 21 percent (from 8,509 hectares to 6,760 hctares. Upstream: Impervious area increased by 102 percent in upstream municipality of Silang, and also increased in upstream parts of Biñan City and Santa Rosa City, causing higher runoff (more frequent and intense floods downstream). Downstream: The most flood-prone areas in the watershed underwent some of the worst development.

Thus, as shown in the maps and the graph, a major problem with the hazards experienced in Santa Rosa City lies in the human activities transpiring in Silang and in the upstream parts of Biñan City. The vegetated areas such as the secondary forests, coconut tree plantations and farmlands in these localities have been cleared and turned into impervious surfaces through cementation and asphalting. In the process, the rain water falling in these areas cannot be absorbed anymore by the soil and most of it occurs in the form of runoff that rushes to Santa Rosa City and creates hazardous situations in the form of flooding, landslides, soil erosion and siltation of waterways. Hence, it is necessary that the Integrated Watershed Management Council for the Silang-Sta.Rosa Subwatershed should be fully activated for the purpose of seriouslycoordinating land use activities particularly in the upstream areas of the subwatershed in order to substantially minimize the hazard exposure of Santa Rosa City.

2-5


Figure 2-1: Sub-Basin Map of the Santa Rosa Watershed

2-6


Figure 2-2: Significant Development in Flood-Prone Areas in Selected Areas in Laguna

2-7


Figure 2-3: Land Use Changes Model: Do Nothing Scenario

2-8


Within Santa Rosa City itself, hazard-inducing anthropogenic activities should be minimized and monitored. These activities include rampant removal of urban tree stands, converting park grasslands to urban uses, indiscriminate throwing of solid waste into waterways, occupance by informal settlers of river easements, and nonpractice by land developers and contractors of incorporating into their development plans provisions for retention and detention ponds, rain gardens and/or swales. 2.2.4

Exposure to Related Hazards of Flood, Soil Erosion and Landslide

As shown in Table 2-1 earlier, Santa Rosa City is susceptible or exposed to floods and flashfloods and the barangays that are exposed to the hazard are those in the northern lowland section of the city, namely, Aplaya, Caingin, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc and Sinalhan . Exposure refers to people, property, systems or other elements present in hazard zones that are thereby subject to potential losses. The flood-plain of the city where these barangays are located comprises a total area of 302 hectares. When flashfloods occur, the barangays that are most vulnerable to f loodwaters coming from the uplands of Silang and Biñan City and from Laguna de Bay are the lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin (Figure 2-4). Slight seasonal runoff flooding is characterized by accumulated shallow runoff flood which subsides within a short period ranging from a few hours to three days. This occurs in low to moderately low floodplains situated in Brgys. Kanluran, Malusak and Ibaba. Floods in these areas are due to runoff accumulation coming from surrounding elevated areas, low physiographic positions, poor infiltration, permeability characteristics and drain ability outlet. Moderate seasonal flooding is characterized by more frequent and deeper runoff water. It takes a week to few months for water to subside. This condition is observed along the lakeshore in Brgys. Caingin, Aplaya and Sinalhan and in the adjacent northeastern portion of Brgys. Ibaba, Market Area and Tagapo. These areas serve as the catchment of water coming from the upland areas and are characterized by poor drain ability outlets and very low infiltration and hydraulic conductivity. The worst flooding events recorded in the city were during Typhoon Maring and during the southwest monsoon or Habagat in 2013, wherein 16 out of 18 barangays were affected by flash floods. Only barangays Sto. Domingo and Don Jose were not flooded. The overflow of water from the Laguna de Bay contributed significantly to flooding as the water level rose to 13.8 meters due to heavy rainfall. Floodwaters remained for two to three months in the lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Caingin and Aplaya. The deepest flood level reached to almost one meter in Brgy. Tagapo. River walls in Brgys. Macabling and Tagapo were badly damaged during these flood events. In terms of the effects of flooding on exposure elements such as population, natural resource-based production area, urban area, urban use area, critical

2-9


point facility and lifeline utility, the population is the most affected by abnormal climatic events such as Typhoon Maring in 2013 and Typhoon Ondoy in 2009. Residents living in the level to nearly level half of the city north of the South Luzon Expressway were encumbered in the pursuit of their daily activities. Their movement was hampered and the floodwaters reached up to the ground floor of their residences. Both informal and formal settlers had to be evacuated in the evacuation centers located mostly in Brgys. Ibaba, Aplaya, Sinalhan, Kanluran and Balibago. In the case of the exposure element of natural resource-based production area, floods have also either destroyed crops or lessened agricultural productivity since these occur during the rainy months when the crops are at their growing stage. Practically all of the agricultural areas are located in the lowland areas north of the South Luzon Expressway as shown in the city’s existing land use map (Figure 2 -5). The existing land use map also shows that the densities of the exposure elements of urban use area, critical point facility and lifeline utility are highest in the section of the city north of the South Luzon Expressway which are most prone to floods and flashfloods. The hazards hamper the activities and operation of the commercial and institutional establishments, the critical point facilities such as health centers, schools, day care centers, hospitals and the like, as well as lifeline utilities such as transportation system, water system and sewerage and sanitation system. In fact, during the occurrence of Typhoon Maring in 2013, river walls in Brgys. Macabling and Tagapo were badly damaged by the floods. As to soil erosion, Table 2-1 shows that only a limited portion of the city is susceptible to slight erosion, i.e., in the undulating to rolling terrain of Brgys. Pulong Sta. Cruz, Don Jose and Malitlit and in the rolling to moderately steep slopes of Brgy. Sto Domingo. Here the soil series is mostly of Lipa Loam which is characterized as having a mallow, loose and very friable fine granular texture and therefore quite prone to erosion that can in turn contribute to siltation and flooding in the northern lowlands of the city. However, this erodibility is mitigated by the soil’s moderate hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate. Soil erosion as a natural hazard does not pose a very significant problem in Santa Rosa City as it is just categorized as slight erosion which can be easily mitigated by vegetative and engineering interventions. In fact, presently these erosion-prone areas south of the South Luzon Expressway are already covered with greenery by low density residential areas, golf courses, and tourism developments. Furthermore only lower densities of exposure elements such as population, farmlands, urban establishments, critical point facilities and lifeline utilities can be found in this southern half of the city.

2-10


Figure 2-4

2-11


In the case of the landslide hazard, this is just confined to the sloping southwestern part of the city or, more specifically, to the steep banks of the Lumbia and Diezmo rivers in Brgys. Sto. Domingo and Don Jose. The banks of the Diezmo River in the south have a greater susceptibility to landslide compared to those of the Lumbia River in the northern edge of the city (Figure 2-6). Although no landslide events have so far been recorded in these areas, they are prone to the hazard on account of their being located in undulating to rolling topography and their having steep-sided slopes along rivers. Furthermore, it is observed that the landslide exposure of these areas could be increased by their proximity to the West Valley Fault Line which, according to the 2003 JICA study on earthquake impact reduction, can move anytime since it has reached its 200- to 400-year cycle. In terms of exposure elements, only a small proportion of the population is exposed to the hazard, although this exposure can be substantially reduced by maintaining a liberal easement of, say, 20 meters along the banks of the two rivers. Also, the exposure of agricultural areas, urban areas, critical service establishments and infrastructure and utilities is noted to be minimal.

2-12


Figure 2-5

2-13


Figure 2-6

2-14


2.2.5

Exposure to Liquefaction

With regard to liquefaction, this potential hazard is located on the northern half of the city when easily loosened alluvium rock and fairly loose sandy loam soil are found. The barangays that are susceptible to disasters that can be caused by liquefaction hazard are Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling, Malusak, Market Area, Dooc, Sinalhan and Tagapo. Several areas in the city are susceptible to liquefaction (Figure 2-7). According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), “liquefaction takes place when loosely packed, water logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking.” This can cause major damage in buildings and other structures during earthquakes. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak and Caingin are highly susceptible to liquefaction. Brgys. Tagapo and Labas have moderate susceptibility to liquefaction, while Brgy. Pooc has moderate to high susceptibility. Areas of low susceptibility include Brgys. Macabling, Balibago, Dila and Dita. The effects of exposure to liquefaction can be brought about by an earthquake when the West Valley Fault moves just around 10 kilometers away in Brgy. Sto. Domingo (Figure 2-8). According to a study funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the fault line can move anytime as it has already reached its 200- to 400-year cycle. This liquefaction susceptibility is due to the alluvium rock structure underlying the area--a weak and easily loosened geologic foundation. Furthermore, information from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reveals that the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS) is an active fault. Proof of this is the discovery by the agency of landforms such as displaced alluvial fans, offset streams, shutter and pressure ridges and directions of slickensides that suggest recent right lateral movement or displacement of both faults of the MVFS. It is further observed that in the part of the liquefaction area characterized as highly susceptible to liquefaction, the soil type is the Quinga Fine Sandy Loam that is very prone to liquefaction on account of its fairly loose structure. With regard to the effects of the potential liquefaction on exposure elements, most of the city’s population would be exposed to the hazard since the high population densities are also located in the northern half of the city above the South Luzon Expressway. In fact, the highest population densities with ranges of 10,241-14,208, 17,208-21,281 and 21,281-36,249 persons per square kilometer can be found in the areas with moderate to high susceptibility to liquefaction. The lower population density ranging from 2,133 to 6,188 persons per square kilometer lies within the area with low susceptibility. It may be observed that the population exposed to liquefaction is even greater than that exposed to f looding.

2-15

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 2. VISION AND CCA AND DDR MAINSTREAMING

Figure 2-7

2-16


Figure 2-8

2-17


In fact, considering that ground shaking would be felt all over the city in an earthquake event, residents in the southern section of the city could still be affected. In terms of other exposure elements affected by liquefaction, the natural resourcebased production area of farming can also be affected by ground shaking and the subsequent entry of water into ricefields, the breaking up of dikes and the destruction of irrigation facilities which are mostly located in the northern half of the city. Urban use areas in the north utilized mainly for commercial, residential, institutional and tourism activities would likewise be exposed to the potential tremor and entry of groundwater. Critical point facilities essential to basic needs provision concentrated in the liquefaction-prone area would also be rendered inoperative, if not destroyed. The same can be said of lifeline utilities concentrated in the north whose structures can be destroyed by the tremor and whose operation can stop for a considerable length of time considering that these are heavily built and costly structures. 2.2.6

Vulnerability Assessment of Santa Rosa City to Disaster Risks

After the analysis of the exposure of Santa Rosa City to hazards and their concomitant risks based on the Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Six-Step Process, what is now in order is the assessment of the vulnerability of the city to the disaster risks posed by the hazards of floods, soil erosion, landslides and liquefaction. The vulnerability of the five exposure elements just discussed refers to their intrinsic characteristics that allow them to be damaged or destroyed. That is, vulnerability would refer to the weakness or fragility of the social and physical systems in relation to the severity of occurrence of a particular hazard. 2.2.6.1 Vulnerability Assessment to Related Hazards of Flood, Erosion and Landslide As shown in Table 2-1, the population of 9 out of 18 barangays of Santa Rosa City are exposed yearly to floods and flashfloods. These flood-vulnerable barangays are heavily populated and lowland areas north of the South Luzon Expressway and they include Brgys. Aplaya, Caingin, Kanluran, Labas, Malusak, Market Area, Pook and Sinalhan. Among the most vulnerable sectors to flooding of the local population are the informal settlers, i.e., people who establish housing on land to which they have no legal claim. Often, they are known as squatters. These residents are very vulnerable to flooding because their houses are made of light and salvaged materials which can be easily carried away by strong flood cuments. They are also vulnerable in the sense that most of them reside along river banks where flood waters originate. Furthermore, their vulnerability also lies in their poverty-stricken condition that prevents them from reacting effectively to the flooding hazard. The presence of informal settlers in the city is alarming since they comprise a significant proportion of the population. As Table 2-3 shows, there is a total of 8,093 families and 6, 217 houses in Santa Rosa City in 2016. Even assuming a

2-18

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa R osa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 2. VISION AND CCA/DRR MAINSTREAMING

conservative average family size of 4, squatters would number more than 30,000 individuals in a projected population of 297,800 in 2015. As shown in the table and in Figure 2-9, the squatters are concentrated in Brgys. Balibago, Dita, Macabling, Malitlit, Pulong Santa Cruz and Santo Domingo. Except for the last two barangays the other barangays are located in the northern flat and flood-prone section of the city. Many informal settlements are further observed to be illegally located along river easements that are considered danger zones. As indicated in Table 2-4, these vulnerable and endangered residents comprise 4,574 families in 2013 or roughly half of informal settler families totaling 8,093. Their endangered houses totaling 3,504 in 2013 also make up roughly half of the total structures of 6,217 of informal settlers. It may be observed that the informal settlers incongruously located in the tourism and low residential density section of the city in Brgy. Santo Domingo are not only vulnerable to river easement flooding but also to the hazard of landslide since they are situated on the steeply sloping banks of the Lumbia River which are susceptible to landslides and other forms of mass wasting. Table 2-3: Number of Informal Settler Families, by Barangay, as of January 2016 #

BARANGAY

YEAR

NO. OF STRUCTURES

NO. OF FAMILIES

1

APLAYA TABING ILOG (APLAYA)

2015

13

22

2

LUPANG ITIM (APLAYA)

2015

53

91

66

113

3

BAGONG UMAGA HOA (BALIBAGO)

2015

36

55

4

IN UNITY WE STAND (BALIBAGO)

2015

226

359

5

KASIKAP (BALIBAGO)

2015

32

51

6

SAMAHANG CHICOHAN (BALIBAGO)

2015

104

98

7

PATIONG BATO (BALIBAGO)

2015

44

71

2015

32

49

474

683

20

40

8

9

GARCIA’S AND PEDROSO COMPOUND

(BALIBAGO) ORMOC (CAINGIN)

2016

2-19


#

BARANGAY

YEAR

NO. OF STRUCTURES

NO. OF FAMILIES

10

PULONG BUKID (CAINGIN)

2015

23

57

11

TAGUMPAY AT PAG-ASA (CAINGIN)

2015

45

59

12

SAMAHANG MARALITA P-4

2015

28

43

13

ANT-VILLE (DITA)

2015

29

59

14

NAGKAKAISANG MARALITA NG CONSOLE (DITA)

2015

NO DATA

NO DATA

15

SAMAHANG ACACIA (DITA)

2016

10

10

16

BALAGBAG (DITA)

2016

68

117

17

KAPATIRAN SAMAHANG KAPUSPALAD (DITA)

2015

82

105

18

HAPPYLAND HOA (formerly Burok Burok) (DITA)

2015

93

111

19

TABING-ILOG, TABING-BUKID TABING-BUKID (DITA)

2015

13

23

20

C-4 AGUILAR COMPOUND (DITA)

2015

55

59

21

ROBES VELANDRES/ ANGGAHAN (DITA)

2016

50

67

22

SITIO 14-MANGGAHAN 14-MANGGAHAN (DITA)

2015

29

29

429

580

23

SAMAHANG NAGKAKAISA NEIGH. ASSN. (REGION 4) (IBABA)

2015

69

63

24

BUKLOD IBABA (IBABA)

2015

75

106

144

169

17

17

17

17

165

277

165

277

26

27

CREEK BESIDE AGLIPAY (KANLURAN) SITIO MASIIT (LABAS)

2015

2015

2-20


#

BARANGAY

YEAR

NO. OF STRUCTURES

NO. OF FAMILIES

28

JORDAN 1 (MACABLING)

2015

145

204

29

JORDAN 2 (MACABLING)

2015

133

142

30

NAGKAKAISANG MAMAMAYAN (MACABLING)

2015

15

17

31

IRAQ 1 (MACABLING)

2015

150

150

32

IRAQ 2 (MACABLING)

2015

335

398

33

SITIO PUTING TULAY (MACABLING)

2015

174

219

34

SAMAHANG NAGKAKAISA NG NIA ROAD (MACABLING)

2015

23

23

35

SITIO IRAN (MACABLING)

2015

90

118

1065

1217

36

DRUMAN II (MALITLIT)

2015

18

24

37

PUROK 5&6 (MALITLIT)

2015

236

298

38

PUROK 5 (MALITLIT)

2015

151

179

39

PALETAHAN (MALITLIT)

2015

41

140

40

SITIO HIMEDEZ (MALITLIT)

2015

84

132

41

PH 1 BLK 25 KAPATIRAN SAN LORENZO (MALITLIT)

2015

30

51

2015

38

81

598

805

98

142

98

142

113

175

42

43

44

GOOD SAMARITAN/EMIL’S COMPOUND

(MALITLIT) UNITED COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION (formerly St. Claire) (MARKET AREA) SAMAHANG MAGKAKAPITBAHAY NG NIA POOC (POOC)

2015

2015

2-21


# 45

BARANGAY CAPT. PERLAS ST. RIVERSIDE (POOC)

YEAR

NO. OF STRUCTURES

NO. OF FAMILIES

2015

168

236

281

411

46

CORAL NA BATO I (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

250

333

47

CORAL NA BATO II (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

180

196

48

SITIO ANO (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

43

58

49

SITIO 500 (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

86

112

50

SAMAHANG BAYBAY ILOG (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

68

134

51

SAMAHANG TABING ILOG (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

944

1,195

52

ROAD SIDE (NEW HORIZONVILLE) (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

130

211

53

SITIO ARATAN (PULONG SANTA CRUZ)

2015

55

66

54

KABADA (SINALHAN)

2015

130

169

55

NEAR DIAZ COURT (SINALHAN)

2015

8

10

56

MAPALAD/NEAR BARANGAY HALL (SINALHAN)

2015

12

12

150

191

57

SITIO CAWAD (SANTO DOMINGO)

2015

95

122

58

PAMANA 1 (SANTO DOMINGO)

2015

236

232

59

PAMANA 2 (SANTO DOMINGO)

2015

385

401

716

755

134

175

134

175

6,217

8,093

61

DAANG NIA (TAGAPO)

2015

TOTAL

2-22


Figure 2-9

2-23


Table 2-4: Community Associations and Number of Families Living in the Danger Zones, City of Santa Rosa, 2013 Barangay

Dita

# of Structures

# of Families

Ant-Ville

44

75

Tabing-Ilog, Tabing Bukid

13

23

57

98

22

48

22

48

In Unity We Stand

223

301

Nagkakaisang Samahang Maralita

47

70

270

371

167

197

60

88

608

901

835

1,186

Sitio Cawad

92

105

Pamana 2

385

411

Brookland

51

59

528

575

Jordan I

145

204

Jordan II

133

147

Sitio Iraq I

150

150

Sitio Iraq II

347

403

Sitio Puting Tulay

174

219

38

57

987

1,175

Sea Wall, Kabada, Bayside Settlers (Merged)

130

165

Samahang Mapalad/Court

12

12

Near Diaz Court

8

10

150

187

Ormoc

33

33

Pulong Bukid

23

57

Tagumpay at Pag-asa Comm. Assn.

40

40

Samahang Maralita P-4

48

63

144

193

Name of Community Association

Sub-Total Malitlit

Balibago

Druman Sub-Total

Sub-Total Coral na Bato Pulong Sta. Cruz

Samahang Baybay (S.B.I.) Samahang Tabing Ilog (S.T.I.) Sub-Total

Santo Domingo

Sub-Total

Macabling

Samahang Nagkakaisa ng NIA Road Sub-Total

Sinalhan

Sub-Total

Caingin

Sub-Total

2-24


Barangay

# of Structures

# of Families

25

25

134

175

159

200

Samahang Nagkakaisa Neigh. Assn.

84

114

Buklod Ibaba

90

127

174

241

165

277

165

277

13

23

13

23

Name of Community Association Sama Saro

Tagapo

Sama na Masa Sub-Total

Ibaba

Sub-Total Labas Aplaya

Sitio Masiit Sub-Total Aplaya Tabing Ilog Sub-Total

TOTAL 3,504 Source: City Urban Development and Housing Office, City of Santa Rosa

4,574

Another city population sector that is vulnerable to floods, soil erosion and landslides are the senior citizens who totaled 16,239 individuals in 2013 as indicated in Table 2-5. There are more females (N=7,820) than males (N=5,544) within the group. A great majority of the aged persons are located in the flood-prone northern half of the city above the South Luzon Expressway. Floods present a major problem to the elderly on account of their impaired mobility and often less healthy condition. With regard to landslides, only a few are vulnerable to the hazard as they total only to 259 in Brgy. Santo Domingo. A third population sector that is vulnerable to flood, soil erosion and landslide are persons with disability (PWD), i.e., those with psycho-social, mental, hearing, chronic illness, verbal, learning, speech impairment, multiple disorder and orthopedic disabilities. As of 2013, this group consists of 1,792 individuals with comparable numbers belonging to the different disabilities except for the few ones with psychosocial disability (Table 2-6). Also, males somewhat outnumber the females (947 vs. 845) in this vulnerability category. It is noted that a great percentage of PWDs are vulnerable to flooding and flashfloods as they are located in the floodprone lowland north of the South Luzon Expressway. Only a few are located in the more elevated southern section of the city, although some of them are presumed to be vulnerable to landslides along the steep banks of the Lumbia and Diezmo rivers in Brgy. Santo Domingo. However, it is the flooding hazard that is of utmost concern to city officials and residents as most of the PWDs are exposed and vulnerable to it. As to urban use areas vulnerable to the related hazards of flooding, erosion and landslide, practically all the urban uses are exposed to the hazards and these are located in the northern half of the city above the South Luzon Expressway. There are urban use areas located in this section of the city such as commercial, institutional and tourism land uses that are scarcely found in the southern section of the city.

2-25


In the case of natural resource-based production area such as agricultural areas, since this vulnerability element is spread all over the city, they are vulnerable to all the three hazards--particularly to flooding in the north (Figure 2-10). Although farmlands are predicted to give way to urban land uses in the f uture, in the meantime rice production in the city could be affected. Table 2-5: Total Number of Senior Citizens, by Barangay, CWSD, City of Santa Rosa, 2013 Barangay

2013 Female 433 381 464 712 815 403 275 456 733 383 410 638 630 629 315 143 7,820

Male 343 271 393 480 567 368 198 315 426 213 294 373 397 434 365 116 5,544

Aplaya Balibago Caingin Dila Dita Don Jose Ibaba Kanluran Labas Malusak Macabling Market Area Malitlit Pooc Pulong Sta. Cruz Sto. Domingo Total

Total 776 652 875 1,192 1,382 771 464 771 1,159 596 704 1,011 1,027 1,063 680 259 16,239

Table 2-6: Number of Persons with Disability and by Barangay, CSWD, City of Santa Rosa, 2013 Barangay

Pd M-F

Aplaya

1-3 =4

Balibago

3-2 =5

Caingin

2-3 =

Dila Dita

2-4 =6 3-1 =4

Md M-F 1512 =27 5-3 =8 1215 =27 9-7 =16 5-2 =7

Hd M-F

Ci M-F

Vd M-F

Ld M-F

8-7 =15

3-8 =11

8-6 =14

4-3 =7

4-4 =8

9-6 =15

2-3 =5

6-11 =17

8-4 =12

11-8 =19 4-2 =6

6-7 =13 7-4 =11

Od M-F

Mud M-F

Si M-F

M-F M-F

Total

27-12 =39

1-2 =3

7-5 =12

7658

134

6-2 =8

7-4 =11

1-2 =3

4-4 =8

4130

71

7-6 =13

7-5 =12

12-18 =30

7-6 =13

2-3 =5

6371

134

2-6 =8 4-6 =10

9-7 =16 5-9 =14

16-15 =31 8-5 =13

2-2 =4 2-3 =5

5-8 =13 6-4 =10

6264 4436

126 80

2-26


Pd M-F 3-0 =3 2-2 =4 1-2 =3 4-1 =5 2-3 =5 3-1 =4 0-2 =2 1-4 =5 3-7 =10 2-2 =4 1-2 =3

Barangay Don Jose Ibaba Labas Macabling Malitlit Malusak Market Area Kanluran Pooc Psc Sto. Domingo Sinalhan

2-4 =6

Tagapo

1-5 =6

Total

3648 =84

Md M-F 1-6 =7 4-2 =6 9-6 =15 3-11 =14 6-5 =11 9-2 =11 7-2 =9 2-6 =8 7-11 =18 6-4 =10 8-3 =11

Hd Ci M-F M-F 3-5 4-4 =8 =8 3-4 2-5 =7 =7 3-5 8-4 =8 =12 9-3 6-4 =12 =10 9-2 7-6 =11 =13 4-3 5-4 =7 =9 2-9 6-5 =11 3-5 6-0 =8 =6 7-9 10-4 =16 =14 3-9 7-4 =12 =11 10-2 2-5 =12 =7 1415-8 8-7 10 =23 =15 =24 165-11 9-6 13 =16 =15 =29 128- 119113116 111 87 =242 =230 =200

Vd M-F 1-3 =4 2-8 =10 11-6 =17 2-5 =7 4-12 =16 2-0 =2 5-4 =9 1-3 =4 3-9 =12 5-6 =11 8-2 =10

Ld M-F 9-8 =17 4-3 =7 6-6 =12 9-2 =11 3-7 =10 8-1 =9 11-1 =12 9-3 =12 13-4 =17 10-9 =19 4-6 =10

Od M-F 7-5 =12 7-6 =13 7-9 =16 6-2 =8 4-7 =11 6-9 =15 5-9 =15 7-6 =13 8-6 =14 4-12 =16 7-6 =13

Mud M-F 4-0 =4 1-2 =3 2-3 =5 5-1 =6 6-3 =9 2-4 =6 3-4 =7 6-1 =7 6-7 =13 5-1 =6 4-0 =4

Si M-F 5-1 =6 2-3 =5 7-2 =9 3-4 =7 1-7 =8 7-4 =11 5-8 =13 5-8 =13 9-13 =22 11-2 =13 7-1 =8

M-F M-F 3732 2735 5443 4733 4252 4628 4444 4036 66070 5349 5127

6-5 =11

3-5 =8

20-16 =36

6-1 =7

8-12 =20

8268

150

12-3 =15

8-8 =16

7-8 =15

9-4 =13

5-11 =16

7269

141

99100 =199

947845

1792

85- 12872165-155 83 9 46 =320 =178 =217 =118

Total 69 62 97 80 94 74 88 76 136 102 78

Legend: Pd Md Hd Ci Vd

-

Psychosocial Disability Mental Disability Hearing Disability Chronic Illness Verbal Disability

Ld Si Mud Od

-

Learning Disability Speech Impairment Multiple Disorder Orthopedic Disability

2-27


Figure 2-10

2-28


With regard to critical point facilities, public city health centers that centers that provide basic health services especially to the poor of the community are vulnerable to flooding and erosion. Of the 18 city health centers, 13 are located in the flood-prone half of the city north of the South Luzon Expressway (Figure 2-11). Only one is vulnerable to landslide along the Lumbia River in Brgy. Sto. Domingo. Education-wise, most public elementary schools that schools that provide basic educational foundation to the youth of the city are vulnerable to floods and erosion. Of the 18 DepEd elementary schools in the city, 12 are vulnerable to flooding and its erosive effects in the northern section of the city (Figure 2-12). 2-12). When floods occur during the rainy months, children’s school attendance is affected. affected. In the south, only one elementary school is vulnerable vulnerable to landslide along the Lumbia River in Brgy. Sto. Domingo. In the city, practically all of the institutional establishments establishments that provide basic services to the LGU constituency are vulnerable to flooding and soil erosion. They are located in the very low lakeshore barangays of Market Area, Tagapo, Kanluran and Malusak (Figure 213). When floods occur, residents find it difficult to avail of the services of LGU services. With regard to lifeline utilities, utilities, it is the water system system of the city that is most vulnerable to floods. When floods occur, residents find the water from wells looking either gray or yellowish and tasting differently. This water quality increases the incidence of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhea. Another lifeline utility that is severely affected every year by flooding is the city road transportation system with system with its highest diversity being located in the northern half section of the city (Figure 2-14). Vehicle and pedestrian movements of residents are hampered by floodwaters that may stay in the streets for days. It is also in this section where most tricycle, jeepney and bus terminals are located. 2.2.6.2 Vulnerability to Liquefaction Compared to flooding, in terms of population element vulnerability, vulnerability, even more informal settlers are settlers are vulnerable to liquefaction since the area covered by the latter hazard is greater, i.e., even extending further south from the Old National Highway. Even the fewer informal settlers in the southern half of the city are still vulnerable to liquefaction since this section is still subject to ground shaking when the West Valley Fault moves any day from now. The squatters’ weak and flimsy shelters can easily be destroyed by the earthquake and subsequently get submerged in the ensuing liquefaction event. In the case of senior citizens, citizens, even more of them would be vulnerable to liquefaction than to floods since the area covered by the former hazard is bigger. Persons with disabilities (PWDs) (PWDs) would also have the same level of vulnerability as senior citizens, most of whom are located in the liquefaction-prone northern half of the city. When the earthquake and subsequent liquefaction occur as triggered by the movement of the West Valley Fault, houses where old people and PWDs live could be destroyed or toppled down and cause either injury or death to these physically weak segment of the population. Senior citizens and PWDs numbered 16,239 and 1,792 individuals, respectively, in 2013.

2-29

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 2. VISION AND CCA AND DDR MAINSTREAMING

Figure 2-11

2-30

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 2. VISION AND CCA AND DDR MAINSTREAMING

Figure 2-12

2-31


Figure 2-13

2-32


Figure 2-14

2-33


2.2.7

Adaptive Capacity of Santa Rosa City to Disaster Risk Vulnerability

In response to flooding, the City’s adaptive capacity occurs in the form of 34 evacuation centers in the northern flood-prone half of the city, most which are strung along the shores of Laguna Lake in Brgys. Aplaya and Sinalhan while the rest are scattered further south. South of South Luzon Expressway may be seen six evacuation centers in Brgys. Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose and Sto. Domingo. Basic goods assistance is also provided by the LGU as when it spent PhP6,750,000.00 to purchase bags of goods that were distributed to 22,502 families who were victims of floods in 2013. Relocation/resettlement sites have also been established by the LGU f or victims of flooding, soil erosion and landslides in Brgys. Tagapo, Pook, Pulong Santa Cruz and Don Jose (Figure 2-15). However, these appear to be inadequate considering that there are 8,093 informal settler families in t he city and most of them are located along the flood-prone banks of the rivers. The relocation and evacuation sites can also be used by residents affected by the occurrence of liquefaction; hence, there is a need to increase the area of the relocation and evacuation sites in the higher and more stable areas of the city. The more immediate adaptive capacities of the city in response to the concerned hazards occur in the forms of Special Rescue Units (SRUs) and protective facilities. As shown in Figure 2-16, SRUs can respond to emergencies within a time range of -5 to 10 minutes and a distance range of 1 to 5 kilometers within the northern half of the city where most of the population are concentrated. Six protective facilities are spread over the city. One Philippine National Police (PNP) station can be seen in Brgy. Tagapo, while one Police Community Precinct (PCP) each is located in Brgys. Balibago, Dita, Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose and Sto. Domingo (Figure 2-17). These rescue and protective units are designed to address all the hazards that the city is vulnerable to. The LGU has active adaptive capacity programs for senior citizens, PWDs and problem children who could also be affected by the hazards to which the city is exposed. There is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program that provides cash assistance of PhP500.00 to address short-term financial needs and conducts social development or capability building seminars among poor families in order to break the intergenerational poverty cycle. For PWDs, in particular, IDs and purchase booklets are provided for medicines and prime commodities. Physical restoration services are also provided for them in the form of wheel chairs, crutches, walkers, hearing aides, nebulizers, canes, strollers, glucometers and prosthesis legs. For senior citizens, the LGU has set up a Botika ni Lolo at Lola with a yearly budget of 2 million pesos that is used for the provision of free and quality medicines. For childrelated cases, the city also serves clients with problems related to child custody, child abuse, human trafficking and rape case.

2-34


Figure 2-15

2-35


Figure 2-16

2-36


Figure 2-17 2-37


Most of the many city clinics are located the flood- and liquefaction-prone northern half of the city. There are two City Health Offices--one in thickly populated Brgy. Market Area and one in Brgy. Balibago. The many City Health Centers are further located in the disaster-prone northern half of the city. To address more serious health problems, the city has eight big hospitals, seven of which are in the flood and liquefaction-prone part of the city while one is found in Brgy. Don Jose. It appears that it is in the exposure element of drainage and sewerage where the adaptive capacity of Santa Rosa City is weak with regard to mitigating the disastrous effects of flooding. The storm drainage system in the city consists of reinforced concrete pipes, open canals and reinforced concrete rectangular culverts. Many of these drainage structures are presently closed, damaged and inadequate and their sides are occupied by ‘informal’ settlers. These conditions do not allow the sufficient catching and conveyance of surface runoff towards the lake, thus resulting in the flooding of the low-lying northern half of the city. One major adaptive strategy the city has accomplished is the publication of the Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed where real estate agents are provided guidelines on best management practices pertaining to storm water management, flood mitigation and erosion minimization. In general, with regard to watershed management practices, the guidebook provides directions in reducing impervious surfaces and observance of low impact development. On the aspect of structural practices, the document contains guidelines on the construction of water detention ponds, grass filter strips, grassed swales, level spreaders, rock-line channels, check dams, sediment basins and sediment traps. Another important adaptive capacity the city has accomplished is the enactment of City Ordinance No. 1720 of 2011, otherwise known as the “ Environment Code of the City of Santa Rosa.” The code addresses the problem of recharge and flooding in the city by requiring land developers and contractors to incorporate in their development plans provisions for retention and detention ponds, rain gardens and/or swales. The above two adaptive strategies are also emphasized by a study conducted by Isao Endo for the Japan Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) in 2014. What is emphasized in the study entitled “Participatory Land-Use Approach for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local Planning” is the need for an ecosystem-based integrated watershed management that seriously activates the functioning of the Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed Management Council that will strictly observe the regulated use of the steep slopes of Silang in terms of maintaining forests and/or tree cover that will mitigate water runoff and consequently the flooding hazard experienced annually by Santa Rosa City. An adaptive capacity that needs to be developed for the city has to do with addressing the potentially highly destructive character of liquefaction that can be triggered any time by the movement of the West Valley Fault that runs just about 10

2-38


kilometers away from the city’s southern boundary. Based on a study conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2003 and also on the observations of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the fault can move any time as it has already reached its 200- to 400-year movement cycle. The earthquake event can cause liquefaction particularly in the northern half of the city which has a weak geologic foundation and a loose soil structure. Liquefaction in turn can cause destruction of urban structures, widespread fires as well as injuries and loss of lives. The city needs to formulate an anticipatory ordinance that will mitigate the impending destructive effects of this geologic hazard.

2.3

Development Thrusts/Goals and Land Suitability Assessment

In the same 3 rd CLUP Stakeholders’ Consultation, the participants articulated the vision of the city in the form of thrusts that will guide the pursuit of the spatio-sectoral development of the city within the ten-year (2016-2026) development period. The status of the thrusts was also discussed while later they were converted into development options. The identified development thrusts, namely, industrial, commercial and tourism development, were converted into the following options: (1) Option 1 – Industrial Development, (2) Option 2 – Industrial-Commercial Development, and (3) Option 3 - Industrial-Commercial-cum-Tourism Development. The three options were subjected to analysis and evaluation by the workshop participants in terms of implications and positive interventions. The workshop selected Option 3 – Industrial-Commercial-cum-Tourism Development as the overall development thrust of Santa Rosa City for the next 10 years. The Consultants tasked to continue the formulation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan later translated the development thrusts into a land suitability analysis that indicates the proper locations of the industrial, commercial and tourism activities that will be pursued in the city’s development. Later, the land suitability map produced will serve as a guide in the formulation of the spatial strategy-cum-structure plan that will in turn serve as the more detailed spatial guideline in the formulation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. 2.3.1

Thrusts/Goals, Status, Remarks Thrusts

Status

Remarks

Agricultural Development

Diminishing agricultural lands

Protect and support the needs of farmers and remaining agricultural lands (irrigation, technology, access to financing, etc.)

Industrial Development

Presence of 5 major industrial parks, PEZA sites

Promote industrial parks as a ready facility for prospective investors

2-39


Thrusts Tourism Development

Commercial Development

Status Presence of the country’s premiere theme park (EK), National Heritage Site (cuartel de Sto. Domingo), Common Industry Educational Trip Destinations (Toyota, Coke, Nissin, etc.), Boating/ wakeboarding/golf facilities, old houses, etc. Multiple Commercial development/areas (S, Robinsons, SaveMore, PureGold, BudgetLane, Old City Market, Rustans, South Supermarket, Paseo de Santa Rosa, Balibago Complex, Waltermart, Brusmick’s Place, NuvaliSolenad, etc.)

Forestry Development

N/A

Coastal Development





2.3.2

Remarks Issues regarding Cuartel de Sto. Domingo Coordinated tourism program Gateway to the famous Tagaytay City







Weak SMEs Minimal presence of cooperatives

 

N/A

SAFDZ area along Laguna Bay Area Already has a Coastal Development Project Masterplan (Aplaya de Santa Rosa)

Encroachment of illegal settlers along SAFDZ area Resistance from environmentalists





Identified Development Thrusts/Goals 1. Industrial – In accordance with the province and region’s framework 2. Commercial – Brought about by urbanization, helps in job creation 3. Tourism – Untapped potential

2.3.3

Development Option

2.3.3.1 Option 1 – Industrial Development Strategies/Options

E

Promotes industrial parks as a ready facility for prospective investors

Ready Spaces/location fitted to the needs of investors

Ensure reliable and adequate supply of support services, facilities, and utilities



Establishment of more public schools (tertiary – Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Santa Rosa aside from the

Positive Intervention Promotion of industrial parks thru trade missions, active participation in industrial activities, etc. Establishment of a new public tertiary school Coordinated and purposeful





2-40


Strategies/Options

E subsidized PUP Santa Rosa Campus) and more short training courses adapted to the needs if the industry and for steady supply of quality manpower Construction and maintenance of drainage system, road networks, government centers, etc. Endure Sustainable Development – based on United Nation’s definition is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Positive Intervention infrastructure projects



Efficient solid waste disposal program and other environmental programs

Ensure compliance of new companies as well as existing companies to environmental laws Involve private companies in environmental programs and activities MRF to every barangay as stated in the SWM plan







2.3.3.2 Option 2 – Industrial Commercial Development Strategies/Options All Strategies in Option 1 View existing commercial establishments as market of local products

E  

Positive Intervention -

Development of SMEs Job creation, increase economic activity

SME support thru: 1. Establishment of TBI 2. Access to capital 3. Access to market 4. Entrepreneurship trainings and mentoring for SMEs outside TBIs 5. Promotion and support to cooperatives (economies of scale) thru ICE, access to capital, recognition programs, etc.

2-41


2.3.4

Development Thrusts of Santa Rosa for the Next Years:

Industrial –Commercial –cum –Tourism Development

2.4

Land Suitability Analysis

The land suitability analysis will now try to translate the development thrust of Industrial-Commercial-cum-Tourism Development for the city. In the analysis conducted, major physical geographic and environmental characteristics of Santa Rosa City were examined, namely: geography and location, topography (slope, elevation, landforms, soils, geology), geologic hazard (faulting, liquefaction, landslide), groundwater and surface water, climate (rainfall, temperature, winds, humidity) and climatic hazards (air quality, storms, flooding), flora and fauna distribution, existing infrastructure and utilities, and economic activities. Based on the primary determinants of land suitability, namely, slope, soil, elevation, geology and existing land use, the whole of Santa Rosa City is generally suitable for both urban and rural land uses. However, since agricultural land uses would no longer be economically feasible in a rapidly urbanizing city like the study area, only urban land uses were considered. More specifically, based on the major land use determinants of slope and elevation as stipulated in the Revised Forestry Code (PD 705) and the NIPAS Act (RA 7586), all the parts of the city are below 18 percent in slope and below 1000 meters in elevation and are therefore legally and ecologically allowable for urban use. In terms of the most important determinant of slope, around half of the city has level to nearly level (0-8%) slopes towards the lake while another half has undulating to rolling (8-18%) slopes towards Silang. With regard to elevation, all parts of the city are below 160 meters--much lower than the stipulated limit of 1000 meters for urban and agricultural use. However, looking closely at the soil and rock types in the area, the eastern part is covered with Guadalupe Clay soil and is underlain by alluvium rock. Clay soils have poor water permeability that can lead to flooding during heavy rainfall. The other parts of the city have more permeable loamy soils. In terms of rock types, the eastern half of the city is underlain by alluvium rock which is susceptible to liquefaction in the event that the West Valley Fault that runs through the periphery of the city in Brgy. Sto. Domingo should move. The western part of the city is underlain by a more stable clastic or sedimentary rock type. As borne out by studies, the above environmentally problematic features of the eastern half of the city are correlatedly identified as flash food and liquefaction areas – no doubt effects of the predisposing clayey soil and alluvium rock characteristics that do not allow fast percolation of water and that are easily loosened up by crustal tremors, respectively. Flash flooding, moreover, is triggered by the climatic abnormality of heavy rainfall that has increasingly become a feature of the southwest monsoon season in the country as influenced by the global climate change phenomenon.

2-42


Studies show that aside from areas susceptible to flash flooding and deep f loods, the northern central part of the city that is increasingly used as industrial sites is also prone in a limited way to flash flooding as well as to shallow floods. This would constitute a less environmentally constrained area for urban development compared to the eastern half of the city. The southwestern extremity of the city has no extensive major environmental constraints except that its southern and northern boundaries in Brgy. Sto. Domingo that coincide with major rivers are identified as high and low landslide-prone areas, respectively. These areas are located on rolling slopes and landslides on them could be induced by heavy rainfall. Considering the above physical, environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the city, three land suitability categories may be delineated that can provide guidelines for formulating the physical strategy-cumstructure plan and the land use plan of the study area. Thus, as shown in Figure 1, the three land suitability categories are as follows: 1. Flash flood- and liquefaction –vulnerable areas on level to nearly level (08%) slopes suitable for regulated residential, commercial and agricultural uses 2. Less flood –vulnerable and non-liquefaction-vulnerable areas on level to nearly level (0-8%) slopes suitable for regulated commercial, industrial and agricultural uses 3. Non-flood- and non-liquefaction-vulnerable and river headwater areas on undulating to rolling (8-18%) slopes suitable for regulated tourism, low density residential, industrial and agricultural uses and recommended for vegetative measures

2-43

Section

3 3.1 3.1.1

PHYSICAL STRATEGY-CUMSTRUCTURE PLAN

Physical Strategy Alternatives Organic or Unplanned Development Strategy

Actually, three physical strategy alternatives were considered after the conduct of the land suitability analysis and after perusal of the existing land use and other physical and socio-cultural maps. One alternative considered was the Organic or Unplanned Development Strategy. The characteristics of this strategy are as follows: problems are solved as they arise, following a disjointed incrementalism trial-and error process; development is along nature’s lines but without technical studies; spontaneous accretion occurs around main nodes resulting in unplanned agglomeration; relatively low technology growth, following the use only of developable terrain without infrastructural interventions; and sensitive to population pressures and massive technological alterations amidst a lack of planning. The strategy also has some advantages such as: quick response to pressing problems; allows manageability in solving problems; concerns are empirically grounded; marked by openness and fluidity; and non-requirement of massive capital investment outlays. However, this strategy is fraught with more disadvantages, which includes the following: high exposure of city to unpredicted natural hazards; slow, if not stagnant, development; disorderly and conflicting land utilization; problem analysis is limited, resulting to neglected outcomes, policies and values; and lack of integrated planning, i.e., planning is ad-hoc. Apparently, this strategy will present more difficulties, rather than advantages, in realizing the vision drawn up for the city and in accelerating its spatio-economic development. 3.1.2

Linear Development Strategy

Looking at the elongated morphology of Santa Rosa City, the existing land use, the current infrastructural set-up, and the other physical and socio-cultural data on the city, a physical strategy that is suggested is the Linear Development Strategy, otherwise called the corridor, strip or ribbon development strategy. A description of this strategy includes the following features: growth appears in a linear manner following the major transportation artery that is also influenced by the elongated shape of the study area; growth is concentrated in a number of nodes that form the strategic parts of the area which are usually the intersections along the main route; when the land area is constrained and there are lower population densities in other parts of the locality, growth develops along one or two major transport routes; usually a gridiron land use and transport pattern emerges along the sides of the main transport artery.

3-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 3. PHYSICAL STRATEGY-CUM-STRUCTURE PLAN

Among the advantages of this strategy are as follows: it is simple and efficient if planned for affordable public transport; it is cheaper to build and maintain; it penetrates the depressed areas and facilitates the interior movement of developmental impulses like capital or investments, technology, labor and entrepreneurial skills. As particularly applied to Santa Rosa City, the disadvantages of the strategy are the following: it does not serve so much the lower or southeastern side of the city, with growth being focused only on the northwestern side of the city particularly along the Santa Rosa –Tagaytay Road; it is inflexible and risky in case of massive evacuation during floods and earthquakes in the absence of many other alternative routes; the outer extremeties of the linear development are not equally served on account of their inaccessibility and distance from major growth centers; and it does not allow the creation of a dynamic cellular economy that allows the faster circulation of the factors of production and the creation of multiplier effects. Thus, even as the linear development strategy appears to be applicable to Santa Rosa City with the presence of the major Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road transport route, there is a need to interconnect this route to the interior and southeastern side of the city through the establishment of more connector roads and bridges that will guide development away from the congested old or traditional centers of the northeastern section of the city. Thus, the most suitable physical strategy for the city appears to be the Multi-Nodal Interconnected Strategy with the nodes along the Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road being connected to the interior and the southeastern side of the city.

3-2

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 3. PHYSICAL STRATEGY-CUM-STRUCTURE PLAN

2018

Figure 3-1

3-3


3.1.3

Multi-Nodal and Interconnected Strategy

The structure plan actually indicates the embedded physical strategy that the planners consider as most appropriate for Santa Rosa City based on its physical, environmental and sociocultural characteristics. The physical strategy may be labeled as the Multi-Nodal and Interconnected Strategy where certain strategic growth or activity nodes are to be developed primarily as commercial centers from where development impulses will trickle down to the surrounding periphery. These activity nodes are strung along the Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road and the extension roads east of the South Luzon Expressway and these include the following: J.P. Rizal Blvd. –F. Gomez St.; F. Reyes St.-Old National Highway; Villa Caceres Ave. –San Lorenzo Blvd.; Pulong Santa Cruz- Toyota; and the Laguna Blvd. –Santa Rosa – Tagaytay growth nodes. There are potential activity nodes in the southeastern side of the city that can be developed later and these are the southern part of the Old National Highway intersected by Malitlit Road and J.P. Rizal St., and the road junction between the Country Club and Sta. Elena Golf Club. The four activity nodes south of the Old Poblacion or Central Business District are designed to divert development to the western and southern and parts of the city away from the congested and flood-prone part of the city. These are shown by the different directions of the arrows in the physical strategy-cum-structure plan map. The other main feature of the physical strategy is the creation of an interconnected road system that will involve the construction of new major roads in the interior of the city that will be connected to the major roads of the northwestern side of the city, namely, the Sta. Rosa –Tagaytay Road and the Overhead Road. The interconnected road system and the connecting roads inside the city are intended to create a cellular local economy that will induce the flow of factors of production such as capital, labor, entrepreneurial skills and technology around and within the city. In this set-up socioeconomic leakages will be minimized and multipliers will be enhanced to create a dynamic local economy that will provide more livelihood opportunities and improve the level of living of the residents. Development impulses channeled by the South Luzon Expressway and the Old National Highway from north and south of the city will be caught by the interconnected road system and diverted inward to create multiplier effects within the city. 3.1.4

Physical Strategy-cum-Structure Plan

The structure plan presents the desired development concept and translates the chosen physical strategy for the city that will in turn guide the formulation of the land use plan. Thus, this plan contains the following: location of development areas for residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, infrastructural and tourism uses; direction of urban expansion; proposed circulation system that reflects the linkage among identified growth centers and land use areas; and direction of further land use development (Figure 3-2). As already indicated in the land suitability map, the structure plan places a high importance on the environmental constraints obtaining in the city--in particular the

3-4


flood-prone character of the northeastern section of the city. Within the flash floodprone and liquefaction area delineated in the land suitability map, there is actually an area that has been scientifically determined following a scenario and risk analysis as continuously flood-prone up to 2025 even with management actions taken. This perennially flood-prone area was identified by a study conducted by experts from the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) which is based in Japan and from the Institute of Biological Sciences of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. Thus, shown in Figure 3 is the current extent of the flood-prone area in a business-as-usual scenario and where there is still a significant area covered by farmlands and idle lands, and residential and industrial areas are still not very extensive. In Figure 3-3, which shows a runoff-neutral development scenario where development interventions have been applied, at least the flood-prone area has been maintained despite the fact that the residential and industrial areas have substantially increased and taken over the vegetated and idle lands.

3-5


Figure 3-2

3-6


Figure 3-3

3-7


Figure 3-4

3-8


The consideration of the results of the IGES study and the delineation of the floodprone area it established on the land use plan was particularly stressed by city officials. Hence, this is the area that is indicated on the structure plan as a Priority Flood- Vulnerable Overlay Area that will be subjected to low density development and urban redevelopment following the disaster-mitigation strategies recommended by the aforementioned study. It may be noticed that the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area overlaps with the heritage-institutional, residential and commercial areas, such that the developments within parts of these three land use areas covered by the PVA will have to be subjected to the disaster-mitigating measures prescribed by the IGES –led study cited above. The structure plan shows that most of the eastern half of the city is assigned to residential land use which historically has been the site of the early settlements in the city as influenced by the alignment of the Old National Highway through it. This is already a generally congested area where high – and medium-density residential areas prevail. Within the flood-prone portion of the residential area is the small heritage-institutional area of historical and cultural structures as well as new government buildings located in Brgys. Market Area, Malusak, Kanluran, and Tagapo. Overlapping the flood-vulnerable area is an even bigger liquefaction-prone area that is due to the occurrence of an earthquake when the West Valley Fault moves just around 10 kilometers away from Brgy. Sto. Domingo. According to the study titled “Earthquake Impact Reduction Study for Metropolitan Manila”, the fault line that runs for about 100 kilometers north to south from Rodriguez, Rizal to Tagaytay can move any time as it has already reached its 200- to 400- year cycle. Places along the fault line which includes Santa Rosa City will suffer damages and losses to life and property. The northern part of the city will be susceptible to liquefaction as it is underlain by alluvium rock which is a weak and easily loosened geologic foundation. Located also east of the South Luzon Expressway is the area designated as commercial land use which is bounded by J.P. Rizal Blvd., the Old National Highway, F. Reyes St., and the South Luzon Expressway. Located here is the old Central Business District, the Commercial-Retail-Hawkers District, the Shopping-Food District, the Banking-Financial Services District, the small Fisheries District, and the New Public Market. The growth direction of commercial activities is toward the south. Further south is the existing industrial area along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road bounded by the South Luzon Expressway and the Laguna Blvd. The direction of its growth is southeastward towards the still vacant, idle lands of Brgy. Malitlit. In the southeastern side of the city in Brgys. Santo Domingo and Malitlit may be seen an existing tourism area occupied by the Country Club and Santa Elena Golf Club. Its growth direction is towards the south in Brgy. Santo Domingo. Although diminishing in extent, there are still ricelands interspersed with residential areas in the northern peripheries and interiors of the eastern half of the city. However, it will not be long when other farmlands will be converted to urban uses. In the western half of the city may be seen quite wide areas of idle lands which presumably have

3-9


been preempted for urban use. These would be suitable for expansion into industrial and tourism land use. Less invasive land uses like tourism activities would be suitable for these more sloping and elevated terrain as they maintain the ground cover that will minimize flooding in the lower eastern half of the city. There is a strip of lakeshore SAFDZ Management Area that will be developed as a small Fishery District that will provide more livelihood opportunities for residents.

3-10

Section

4 4.1

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

Introduction

The land use plan to be presented is actually an urban land use plan in consideration of the fact that in the near future Santa Rosa City’s land area will practically become one that is wholly occupied by urban uses, namely, residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, tourism and infrastructural uses. This means that agricultural and idle lands shall have been converted to the more profitable urban land uses on account of the city’s rapid urbanization and its role as a “new town” close to Metro Manila. As inputs to the land use plan, there will be preliminary discussions of the land suitability analysis and the structure plan for the city. The land suitability analysis studies the major uses appropriate for the land of the city based mainly on their physical geographic and environmental characteristics and to some extent on their demographic and socio-cultural features. The structure plan depicts the envisioned development concept or the visual or graphic outline of the overall physical and development framework of the city, including its proposed physical strategy.

4.2

Land Use Change

The reason why only an urban land use plan can be formulated for Santa Rosa City as cited above is the phenomenally rapid urbanization rate that has been experienced by the city since 1980 up to the present. Its rapid growth owes mainly to the fact that it is part of CALABARZON which was formed by virtue of Executive Order No. 103 which was issued in 2002 for the purpose of breaking up the large Region IV into two regional planning areas and assigning development roles for each area. CALABARZON was assigned the role of a Growth Corridor area to which Santa Rosa City belongs. The corridor is described as a rapidly urbanizing and industrializing area. Due to its proximity to Metro Manila, a high level of urbanization has taken place over the years in the region, with Laguna and Cavite particularly becoming sites of manufacturing and high-technology industries. The role of CALABARZON being a growth corridor area is also stated in the regional plan for the region. Also, in NEDA’s 1997 study titled Cavite-Laguna Urban Development and Environment Management Study, Santa Rosa City is part of the Urban Corridor Management Zone that runs from San Pedro to Los Baños. 1 The 1

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), Cavite-Laguna Urban Development and Environmental Management Study (Pasig: 1997).

4-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 4. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

parts of these local government units near Laguna de Bay have also been designated in the study as Urban Redevelopment Zones on account of their rapid development along the Old National Highway and the South Luzon Expressway. The concentration of residents as well as commercial and industrial activities in these transit zones that are at the same time subject to intermittent flooding requires redevelopment interventions that would make them more livable areas. How has the City of Santa Rosa developed so rapidly into a dynamic growth center south of Metro Manila? From a regional planning point of view, the city’s strategic location is one of the most important influencing factors. At a distance of only 38 km., it is very near Metro Manila – the market of products made in the city. It is accessible via the South Luzon Expressway and the four-lane national highway. At the height of the government’s promotion of its industrial dispersal policy, the city offered available land and cheap labor, making it attractive to national and multinational companies for location away from congested Metro Manila. Other factors of attraction are the environmental and social ambiance provided by the city. Industrial estates, export processing zones and special economic zones were formed in the suburban areas of Santa Rosa, San Pedro and Biñan in order to absorb the space-seeking industries from the metropolis. In a sense, Santa Rosa City also served to perform the function of a “new town” that absorbs the influx of rural migrants into the primate city, much like the way the new towns function around London in England in terms of preventing the further congestion of London. During the last 35 years, i.e., from 1980 to 2015, the urbanization rate in Santa Rosa City has been very rapid as shown by the fast changes in urban and rural land uses (Figures 4-1 and 4-2). The general pattern is that, on one hand, the urban land uses (residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, infrastructural) have tended to increase. On the other hand, the rural land uses (agricultural, idle) have tended to decrease, i.e., have tended to be converted to urban land uses. This inexorable conversion of agricultural and idle lands to their highest and best use, i.e., to urban uses, is the compelling reason why the kind of land use plan that can be realistically formulated for Santa Rosa City is an urban land use plan. Discussed below are the more specific changes that will reinforce the decision to prepare this kind of plan. 4.2.1

Land Use Increases

Among the urban land uses, the residential land use has accounted for the greatest increase, i.e., from the 6.29 percent (341 has.) for 1980 to 40.51 percent (2,247 has.) in 2015 of the city area (Table 4-1). This demonstrates Santa Rosa City’s assumed role of a new town that absorbs population influx from the surrounding rural areas and attracts into its suburban ambiance residents from congested and polluted Metro Manila. Next in extent of land use change would be industrial land use which has jumped from 1.88 percent (102 has.) in 1980 to 10.17 percent (564 has.) in 2005 of the city area. This has come about because the factors of production (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial skill, technology) are available in the city, not to mention its accessibility and proximity to Metro Manila. Infrastructural land use comes next in land use change, i.e., from 1.73 percent (94 has.) in 1980 to 3.83 percent (212 has.) in 2015 of the city area. The land use change in this sector is mainly accounted for

4-2


by the transportation sub-sector’s continuing road expansion mode all over the city. The commercial land use follows the related industrial land use in its increasing coverage, i.e., it has been steadily increasing from 0.3 percent (16 has.) in 1980 to 2.73 percent (151 has.) in 2015 of the city area. The institutional land use has likewise been increasing although the hectarage is not as large as the other land uses cited above; thus, there is an increase of 0.4 percent (22 has.) in 1980 to 0.9 percent (50 has.) in 2015. Table 4-1: Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015

Land Uses

1980 % 6.29 0.3 0.4 1.88 86.57 0.01 0.08 2.25 1.73 0.48

2010

% Has. % Has. Residential 21.61 1,197 31.87 1,768 Commercial 1.54 85 2.27 126 Institutional 0.72 40 0.8 44 Industrial 9.78 542 10.13 562 Agricultural 26.38 1,461 14.34 796 Tourism 4.34 240 4.34 241 Cemetery 0.4 22 0.54 30 Idle 31.61 1,751 31.13 1,727 Infrastructure 3.11 172 3.79 210 Waterways 0.46 25 0.47 26 Pond 0.05 3 0.32 18 TOTAL 100.00 5,414 100.0 5,539 100.0 5,548 Source: http://santarosacity.gov.ph./?page_id=267 4.2.2

Has. 341 16 22 102 4,688 1 4 122 94 26

2000

2015

Increase (+)/ Decrease (-)

% Has. 40.51 2,247 2.73 151 0.9 50 10.17 564 11.97 664 4.03 224 0.54 30 24.54 1,361 3.83 212 0.47 26 0.32 18 100.00 5,549

+ + + + + + + +

Land Use Decreases

Based on the same above-mentioned maps, in the case of tourism land use, although it occupied only 0.01 percent (1 ha.) of the city in 1980, it had abruptly increased to 4.34 percent (240 has.) in 2000. However, in 2015 the land use category somewhat decreased to 4.03 percent (224 has.) and the change could most likely be traced to the conversion of part of the land to more profitable urban land uses. The agricultural land use category shows the most drastic decrease within the 35-year period, i.e., occupying 86.57 percent (4,688 has.) in 1980 and significantly decreasing to 11.97 percent (664 has.) in 2015 of the city area. This clearly indicates the rapidly urbanizing character of Santa Rosa City that is marked by the conversion of farmlands to urban uses or to their highest and best use. In the case of idle lands that are currently under grass growth, it used to occupy only 2.25 percent (122 has.) of the city area in 1980; however, in 2000 it abruptly increased to 31.61 percent (1,751 has.) This indicates that during the 20-year span, land banking had continuously occurred in terms of agricultural land having been bought and reserved for urban use in the near future. After 2000, agricultural land was steadily converted to urban uses as shown by the sizable decrease to 14.34 percent (796 has.) in 2010. Then within the five-year period up to 2015, farmlands were further reduced to 11.97 percent (664 has.), indicating a continuous conversion to industrial, commercial and residential land uses in a fast-developing city like Santa Rosa.

4-3


Figure 4-1

4-4


Figure 4-2

4-5


4.3

Planning Period

A ten-year planning period (2016-2026) is proposed for Santa Rosa City as a way of anticipating long-term land use changes and in consideration of the fact that the phasing out period for non-conforming land uses relative to the zoning ordinance is ten years. The new zoning ordinance cannot invalidate a non-conforming land use based on the principle that no new law can be applied retroactively on an existing non-conforming land use category as a matter of fairness to the user of the land. The ten-year planning period is actually just right for the city in that it is not actually very long for a fast-growing city like Santa Rosa, nor is it too short that would necessitate more frequent and costly updating of the plan. After ten years, during which period different spatial and socioeconomic demands and realities shall have evolved, another land use planning cycle shall be considered.

4.4

Land Use Plan

Shown in Figure 4-3 and Table 4-2 are the proposed land use areas for Santa Rosa City which are actually urban in character, considering that the city is a fasturbanizing settlement close to Metro Manila. In fact, many observers point out that the city, together with the other CALABARZON cities that include those stretching from San Pedro City to Calamba City, are already considered as part of the urban agglomeration called Mega-Manila. Thus, the remaining agricultural areas in Santa Rosa City will have to be converted to urban land uses in the very near future since maintaining them in the midst of surrounding high-value urban land uses would no longer be economically justifiable. The land use plan is the result of the consideration of the preliminary analyses conducted that involved the delineation of the land suitability map and structure plan, the consideration of the appropriate physical strategy, the perusal of the existing land uses, and the study of internal and external socioeconomic and political processes that have a bearing on Santa Rosa’s development. In the particular derivation of the land use plan, the mapping procedure used is that of map overlay analysis which was executed by the Geographic Information System (GIS) digital technique. In map overlay analysis, the land suitability map, structure plan and existing land use map were overlaid on top of each other and the result is the composite map that is designated as the land use plan or, to be more exact, the urban land use plan. It must be mentioned that the land suitability map and structure plan are themselves already products of preliminary overlaying of relevant thematic maps that are classifiable as lithospheric, hydrospheric, atmospheric, biospheric, socioeconomic, political and cultural in character. These many thematic maps are those found and described in the socioeconomic and physical profile or what is also called the Ecological Profile in urban and regional planning practice.

4-6


Figure 4-3

4-7


4.4.1

Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ

The Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ is defined by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) Resolution No. 23, Series of 1996 or the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 4850 as f ollows: 1. Existing titled lands with an elevation of 12.5 meters and below, including those titled under the Torrens System prior to the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 313 in 1997; and 2. All other areas below an elevation of 12.5 meters as referred to a datum 10.00 meters below mean lower low water (MLLW) alternately submerged or exposed by the annual rising and lowering of the lake water. Table 4-2: Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2018-2026 Land Use Category

Area (Ha.)

Percent (N/5,549 has.)


1,364.62

24.6

Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area

1,192.24

21.5

Priority Liquefaction- Vulnerable Overlay Area

2,034.04

36.9

Landslide-Vulnerable Area

45.16

0.8

1,371.91

24.7

73.90

1.3

658.50

11.9

Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area

1,668.84

30.1

Tourism and Low-Density Residential Mixed-Use Area

1,061.33

19.1

General Residential Mixed-Use Area Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area

Parks and Recreation Area

17.37

0.3

City Waters Area

155.4

2.8

501.24

9.0

Proposed Road Rights-of-Way

21.09

0.4

Special Use/Cemetery Area

29.98

0.5

Relocation/Resettlement Area

67.07

1.2

Road Rights-of-Way

As shown in the land use plan, the landward extent of the 12.5-meter elevation stipulated as the limit of the shoreland area reaches up to a distance ranging from 2.5 kilometers to 3 kilometers from the shore of the lake. However, the delineation of the datum 10 meters below mean lower low water (MLLW) would be impractical or unrealistic as this depth if delineated would stretch far out into t he lake since the lake has already become very shallow with an average depth of only 2.8 meters. In the present land use planning exercise, this lakeward extent of the Shoreland Overlay Area is realistically placed at a width of only 40 meters from the shore, which is a common extent of foreshore areas in deeper marine coastal waters of the country.

4-8


As per LLDA Resolution on Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) implementing Sec. 41 (11) of RA 4850 as amended, the Shoreland Overlay Area “is a strip of linear open space designed to separate incompatible elements or uses, or to control pollution/nuisances and for identifying and defining development areas or zones.” The administrative and regulatory control on the land use of the Shoreland Overlay Area is vested upon the Laguna Lake Development Authority. This area is also declared a Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ) which under RA 8435 refers to the “areas identified for production, agro -processing and marketing activities to help develop and modernize, with the support of government, the agriculture and fisheries sectors in an environmentally sound manner.” The area shall be used for the following purposes: low and medium density residential, minor and major commercial, light and medium industrial, general institutional and heritage, parks and recreation, agricultural, fishery and aquaculture fish ports, dockyards and boat sheds, tree fearming/planting, water, and tourism land uses, with emphasis on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) mitigations. Prohibited uses are piggery farms, dumpsites, factories, quarrying and other pollutive activities. This land use category occupies an area of 1,364.62 hectares. Barangays included in the Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ (in whole or in part) are Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Pooc Dila, Labas, Malusak, Ibaba, Kanluran, Market Area, and Tagapo. 4.4.2


The Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area was previously part of the Low Intensity Development and the Urban Redevelopment Area in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance). 2 The area is situated as one of the direct urban expansion areas of the Poblacion but is, however, considered to have a low development capability. This is the ecologically vulnerable flood-prone area i dentified by the study entitled “Participatory Land-Use Approach for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local Planning” which was funded by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 3. This modeling showed that, following the recommended investigation interventions that would create a flood-neutral scenario, the currently flood-prone area at least will still be maintained by the year 2025, unlike in a business-as-usual scenario when it is projected to increase. This is part of the 2

Santa Rosa City Ordinance No. 888-89, Series of 1999, An Ordinance Enacting the Zoning Regulations of the City of Santa Rosa, Province of Laguna and Providing for the Administration, Enforcement and Amendment Thereof and for the Repeal of All Ordinances in Conflict Therewith. 3

Endo, Isao, et al. “Participatory Land-Use Approach for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local Planning” (Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2014).

4-9


subwatershed area identified by the study that city officials strongly recommend for inclusion in the present land use planning process and whose management will also need the cooperation of the cities of Biñan and Cabuyao and the municipality of Silang as co-members of the Integrated Watershed Management Council for the Silang-Sta. Rosa Subwatershed. In this regard, the cooperation of Silang is particularly needed to maintain the forest and commercial tree plantations in its lands with slopes of above 50 percent as required by PD 705 or the Revised Forestry Code since many headwaters of rivers that flow through Santa Rosa, Biñan and Cabuyao are located here. Doing this would significantly reduce the flooding in Santa Rosa. This area has physical characteristics that make it very susceptible to floodwaters both rushing down from elevated areas and flowing back from rising water levels of the lake. These predisposing factors are the following: low elevation, nearness to the lake, and clayey soil that does not allow percolation of water from the ground surface. Anthropogenic factors include high-density development that results to impervious surface conditions as well as rampant forest denudation and removal of other vegetative covers in the elevated western parts of the watershed. In the lowland, there is the presence of informal settlers especially along river banks that impede the implementation of the DPWH’s river widening program. Above all, the present high population density in the area makes it the most vulnerable section of the city. Considering the above situation, the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area shall be a predominantly low intensity development area which at the same time, according to the IGES study, shall be subjected to measures designed for Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). As shown in Table. 4-3, the IGES study identifies holistically measures that should be applied in the ecologically vulnerable area and these are grouped as follows: a. Engineered and built-environment options b. Improved land use that includes development controls, green space and urban greening c. Flood-tolerant and environment-conscious building that includes particularly green building d. Ecosystem-based and integrated watershed management In the last Spatial Development Master Plan of the Laguna de Bay Basin 4 prepared in 2011, it was emphasized that in the management of the Shoreland Area which in the present land use plan is also part of the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area, the Green Building (GB) Design was emphasized as the benchmark for intensive uses such as residential subdivisions, commercial activities, industries, recreational and tourism uses that are covered by the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system. GB designs and operational standards shall be imposed on large-scale developments like waterfronts, lakeside resorts and other tourism developments as well as other infrastructure-based projects. 4

Laguna Lake Development Authenticity (LLDA), Spatial Development Master Plan of the Laguna de Bay Basin: Land Use, Lake Water Use and Physical Development Plan (Quezon City: 2011).

4-10


Table 4-3: List of Possible Measures for Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) and Adaptation (CCA) Considered During Focused Group Discussion Sessions (IPCC, 2014) Category Engineered and built-environmental options

Improved land-use

Measures Flood levees, sea walls and coastal protection, etc.

Ecosystem-based integrated watershed management

X X

Development control in high-risk areas X

Strengthened building codes in highrisk areas (e.g., embankment, highfloored housing) Roof greening, green building

CCA X

Improved drainage; storm and wastewater management; water storage, etc.

Green space, urban greening Flood-tolerant, environmentconscious building

CCM

X X

X

X

Maintained and improvement of watershed protection function (flood alleviation, water retention ability) of ecosystem. Development control in upriver areas Afforestation and reforestation Watercourse management (e.g., riverbank reinforcement, dredging, river cleaning)

Change in varieties and cultivation methods of agricultural products to prevent soil runoff Source: Endo, Isao, et al. “Participatory Land-Use Approach for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local Planning” (Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2014). Based on a white paper prepared by the U.S. Green Building Council entitled “Green Building and Human Exper ience 2010,” Green Building is described as a systematic effort to create, sustain, and accelerate changes in practice, technology, and behavior to reduce building-related environmental impacts while creating places that are healthier and more satisfying for people. Green building is a movement dedicated to the transformation of practice in the design, construction, and operation of built environments. The objective is to reduce the negative impacts of built environments while creating healthy, comfortable, and economically prosperous places for people to live, work, and play. The popular term “green building” encompasses the collection of processes, institutions, and individuals that serve to assess current practice, identify opportunities for improvement, develop and deploy tools, and provide independent review and recognition of results.

4-11


Based on a white paper prepared by the U.S. Green Building Council entitled “Green Building and Human Experience 2010,” Green Building is described as a systematic effort to create, sustain, and accelerate changes in practice, technology, and behavior to reduce building-related environmental impacts while creating places that are healthier and more satisfying for people. Green building is a movement dedicated to the transformation of practice in the design, construction, and operation of built environments. The objective is to reduce the negative impacts of built environments while creating healthy, comfortable, and economically prosperous places for people to live, work, and play. The popular term “green building” encompasses the collection of processes, institutions, and individuals that serve to assess current practice, identify opportunities for improvement, develop and deploy tools, and provide independent review and recognition of results. As provided also in City Ordinance No. 1720 of 2011 which enacted the “Environment Code of the City of the City of Santa Rosa,” the problem of recharge and flooding in the city shall also be addressed by requiring land developers and contractors to incorporate their development plans provisions for retention and detention ponds, rain gardens and/or swales. Section 51 of the Ordinance provides for pond design elements while Section 52 provides for pond design calculation/computation. The area shall be used for low and medium density residential, minor and major commercial, light and medium industrial, general institutional and heritage, parks and recreation, agricultural, water, and tourism land uses, with emphasis on CCA and DRR mitigations. Particularly as provided for in such laws PD1096 or the National Building Code, RA 9729 or the Philippine Climate Change Act, as amended and RA 100121 or the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Acts. This land use category occupies an area of 1,192.24 hectares. Barangays included in the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area (in whole or in part) are Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Ibaba, Malusak, Caingin, Pooc, Labas, and Kanluran. 4.4.3

Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area

The Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area covers what was previously part of the Low Intensity Development Area, the Urban Redevelopment Area and the Growth Management Area 1 in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance). This area also overlaps with the present Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area and the Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ. This large part of the city happens to be also in the path of the direct urban expansion of the Poblacion but is recommended for a low density kind of development. This is the area that, aside from being susceptible to perennial flooding, is also vulnerable to liquefaction that can be brought about by an earthquake when the West Valley Fault moves just around 10 kilometers away in Brgy. Sta. Domingo. According to a study funded by the Japan International

4-12


Cooperation Agency (JICA), the fault line can move anytime as it has already reached its 200- to 400-year cycle. 5 This liquefaction susceptibility is due to the alluvium rock structure underlying the area--a weak and easily loosened geologic foundation that also characterized Dagupan City when it suffered heavy destruction of urban structures due to liquefaction resulting from the 1990 earthquake in Central Luzon. In that earthquake event, Dagupan City experienced massive liquefaction even if the epicenter of the earthquake was 50 kilometers away in the town of Rizal in the Sierra Madre Mountains. It is further observed that in the part of the liquefaction area characterized as highly susceptible to liquefaction, the soil type is the Quinga Fine Sandy Loam that is very prone to liquefaction on account of its fairly loose structure. Furthermore, information from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reveals that the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS) is an active fault. Proof of this is the discovery by the agency of landforms such as displaced alluvial fans, offset streams, shutter and pressure ridges, and directions of slickensides that suggest recent right lateral movement or displacement of both faults of the MVFS. As with the overlapping Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ and the Priority FloodVulnerable Overlay Area, this area contains the traditional commercial, residential and institutional districts of Santa Rosa City. These districts have since experienced rapid expansion and development into a mixed-use area marked by intense activities. Considering its environmentally sensitive character, however, it has only a moderate development capability and a limited capacity for infrastructure improvement. By way of mitigating liquefaction-related disasters as well as encouraging urban renewal, enhancing mixed land use and minimizing the burden on infrastructure in the area, new structures to be encouraged shall be well-connected low-rise structures with low footing and foundation bearing pressures as well as low occupancy residential, commercial and industrial structures. For existing structures, structural mitigation shall be applied such as refrofitting strategies and strengthening of structures using additional foundation, wall and roof ties and redistributing foundation support through the use of piles or caissons which extend through the liquefiable layers of the soil. Soil mitigation shall also be resorted to by lowering the groundwater table with drains or pumps, densifying the soil by dynamic compaction or vibration, installing stone columns, and grouting. The local government shall also explore the possibility of making liquefaction information available to the public, particularly potential real estate buyers, through a liquefaction disclosure process. Given its high population density and intensified land use activities, the area shall be subjected to low intensity development marked by vegetated and landscaped open spaces. It shall observe the structural and soil mitigation measures cited above as well as the recommendations of the IGES study, the Land Developer’s Guidebook, 5

Japan International Cooperation Agency Development Study Program (JICA DSP),

Earthquake Impact Reduction Study for Metropolitan Manila (MMEIRS) (Manila: 2003).

4-13


and the Green Building designs and standards. Future land developments shall also incorporate provisions of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction Mitigation (DRRM) laws such as PD 1096 or the National Building Code, RA 9729 or the Philippine Climate Change Act, as amended, and RA 100121 or the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act. The area shall be used for low and medium density residential, minor and major commercial, light and medium industrial, general institutional and heritage, parks and recreation, agricultural, water, and tourism land uses. This land use category covers an area of 2,034 of hectares. Barangays included in the Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area (in whole or in part) are Sinalhan, Aplaya, Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak, Labas, Macabling, Pooc, Caingin, Balibago, Dita, and Dila. 4.4.4

Landslide-Vulnerable Area

It is observed that the Lumbia River and the Diezmo River in Brgy. Sto. Domingo on the western boundaries of Santa Rosa City are prone to landslides as induced by heavy rainfall. The longer southeastern Diezmo river has a higher susceptibility to the hazard. There is a need to observe an open space easement on both banks of the rivers as required by PD 1096 or the Water Code. In order to effectively reduce disaster risks, an easement of 40 meters shall be observed. Furthermore, it si observed that the landslide vulnerability of these areas is exacerbated by their proximity to the West Valley Fault Line which, according to the 2003 JICA study on earthquake impact reduction as cited earlier, can move anytime since it has reach edits 200 to 400- year cycle. This land use category has an area of approximately 45 hectares. 4.4.5

Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development Area

The Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development Area is a fourteenhectare (14 has.) Laguna de Bay land recovery strategy of the city to address the land resource scarcity and promote balanced development in the city. It shall be surrounded by Laguna Bay and connoted by a bridge to Brgy. Aplaya. The proposed amenities of the area include a fisherman’s wharf, ferry terminal, amphitheater, mid-rise commercial buildings, stilt restaurants, etc. The area shall provide livelihood and tourism opportunities to local residents. The Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development Area if realized shall be used for the following purposes: commercial, general residential, residential townhouses, residential condominium, industrial, general institutional, parks and recreation, water, and tourism uses, with emphasis on CCA and DRR mitigations. The new area shall be located adjacent to the proposed Laguna Circumferential Road Dike which shall be built one kilometer (1 km.) from the shoreline.

4-14


4.4.6

General Residential Mixed-Use Area

The Medium and High Density Residential Mixed-Use Area was previously known partly as the Urban Redevelopment Area and Growth Management Zone I in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance) The area hosts mainly the traditional residential and partly the traditional commercial and institutional districts of Santa Rosa City. As it is, the City has since expanded and evolved into a mixed-use zone characterized by intense urban activities. This land use allocation, together with some parts of those allocated for commercial and industrial land uses, includes practically all of t he existing agricultural areas in the city which are located mostly in the section north of the South Luzon Expressway as shown in the city’s existing land use map. Considering the rapidly urbanizing character of the city, it is expected that these farmlands will have to be converted to residential, commercial, institutional and tourism land uses in the near future. The anticipated conversion of the existing agricultural lands in the city has also been voiced out by the Provincial Agrarian Reform Program Officer of the Department of Agrarian Reform Laguna Provincial Office in the following comment she made with regard to the formulation of the Santa Rosa City Comprehensive Land Use Plan: Since Santa Rosa City has an on-going development to meet the city needs, agricultural areas specifically CARP areas are being affected. As long as proper and corresponding applications for DAR conversion/exemption are filed by the applicants and affected farmers/tenants are well-settled, our Office cannot contest the duly recognized officials and approved master/development/sectoral plans completed by private groups and other agencies. However, the anticipated conversion of farmlands will have to be guided by existing laws and guidelines--in particular Section 20 (Reclassification of Laws) of the Local Government Code (RA7160) and Presidential Memorandum Circular No. 54 which authorizes cities and municipalities to reclassify agricultural lands into nonagricultural areas. These guidelines particularly specify that agricultural lands may be reclassified when they cease to be economically sound for agricultural purposes or when they have substantially acquired greater economic value for residential, commercial or industrial purposes. Even then, there is a limitation in the reclassification of farmlands to a maximum of the percentage of the total agricultural land in the city at the time of the formulation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and its Zoning Ordinance. In the case of component cities like Santa Rosa City, the maximum percentage of farmlands that is reclassifiable to urban uses is placed at 10 percent. As shown in Table 4-19, a perusal of the existing land uses in the city indicates that the remaining agricultural lands constitute 11.97 percent of the total city area. Looking at the existing land use map, these are mostly located in the northern urbanized part of the city surrounded by residential land uses and interspersed with commercial, institutional and industrial

4-15


land uses. The 10 percent of the agricultural lands that are reclassifiable will come from these lands that have attained greater economic value after being surrounded by non-agricultural land uses. Thus, as indicated in Table 4-20 and in the land use plan, the reclassifiable existing farmlands are now included in the recommended General Residential Mixed-Use Area, Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area, and Light and Medium Industrial Mixed Use Area. It may be noted, too, that there are idle lands comprising 24.54 percent of the city total area that are located in the southern half of the city and these may be constituted, too, as reclassifiable lands and in the land use plan they are recommended for tourism and industrial uses to carry out the development thrust of the city. It must be pointed out, however, that despite the city’s already limited and diminishing agricultural land there is a need for the city to still undertake an urban type of agriculture that will focus on the production of high-value crops and the utilization of integrated farming that will provide residents with income opportunities and crops for home consumption. The alternative agricultural program would include the following components: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Urban Horticultural Project Urban Vegetable Project Urban Agri-Based Livelihood Project Urban Agri-Forestry Project City Agro-Forestry Nursery Plant Project Integrated Crop and Livestock Farming Project

Table 4-4: Distribution of Existing Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2015 Land Use Category

Area (Ha.)

Percent %

Residential Area

2,247

40.51

Commercial Area

151

2.73

Institutional Area

50

0.9

Industrial Area

564

10.17

Agricultural Area

664

11.97

Tourism Area

224

4.03

Cemetery Area

30

0.54

1,361

24.54

Infrastructure Area

212

3.83

Waterways Area

26

0.47

Pond Area

18

0.32

5,549

100.00

Idle Area

TOTAL Source: http://santarosacity.gov.ph./?page_id=267

4-16


Table 4-5: Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2018-2026 Area (Ha.)

Percent %


1,364.62

24.6


1,192.24

21.5

Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area

2,034.04

36.9

45.16

0.8

1,371.91

24.7

Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area

73.90

1.3

Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area

658.50

11.9


1.668.84

30.1

Tourism and Low-Density Residential Mixed-Use Area

1,061.33

19.1

Parks and Recreation Area

17.37

0.3

City Waters Area

155.4

2.8

Road Rights-of-Way

501.24

9.0

Proposed Road Rights-of-Way

21.09

0.4

Special Use/Cemetery Area

29.98

0.5

Relocation/Resettlement Area

67.07

1.2

Land Use Category

Landslide-Vulnerable Area General Residential Mixed-Use Area

In this most congested part of the city, urban renewal and decongestion efforts shall be pursued in order to enhance its ecological integrity and aesthetic character. Henceforth, low to medium intensity mixed-use development that will particularly avoid putting stress on existing infrastructure shall be promoted. Considering the lack of space in the area, a compact urban development pattern interspersed with strategically located public open spaces shall be observed. In these traditional residential and commercial areas, there is a dearth of parks and recreation areas that are necessary to improve the environmental integrity of the city. The city governance shall exert effort to purchase pockets of land for this purpose. Considering the influx of low-income migrants into the city, there is a need for the city government to impose on real estate developers compliance with the provision of RA 7279 (Urban Development and Housing Act) requiring developers to allot 20 percent of the subdivision for socialized housing. This is part of implementing the national government’s major goal of achieving inclusive development for the country. For this land use category that is already characterized by medium to high density housing activities, the city government shall require real estate developers to observe the Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed 6 which was drawn up in 2011 as a reference guide for storm water management. Actually, the provisions of this guidebook shall be observed both as preventive and remedial measures in all parts of the city. The document describes best management and 6

World Wildlife Fund, Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed

(Quezon City: 2011).

4-17


structural practices in dealing with storm and rainfall water problems of the city. For best management practices, the guidebook provides instructions on (1) reducing impervious surfaces and (2) low impact development. For best structural practices, guidelines are provided for the following: (1) water detention ponds, (2) grass filter strips, (3) grassed swales, (4) level spreader, (5) rock-line channel, (6) check dam, (7) sediment basin and (8) sediment trap. The area shall be used for the following purposes: medium and high density residential, minor and major commercial, light and medium industrial, general institutional and heritage, socialized housing, parks and recreation, agricultural, water, and tourism land uses, with emphasis on CCA and DRR mitigations. This land use category occupies an area of 1,371.91 hectares. Barangays included in the General Residential Mixed-Use Area (in whole or in part) are Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Ibaba, Malusak, Pook, Caingin, Kanluran, Labas, Dita, Dila, Tagapo, Macabling and Balibago. 4.4.7

Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area

The Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area was previously called the Historical Redevelopment Area in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance). This combined area is located in the traditional Central Poblacion area and is composed of the Heritage Square of the Cultural-Historical District and the OfficesGovernment District. The Heritage Square in Brgys. Kanluran and Malusak contains the Santa Rosa Plaza, Santa Rosa de Lima Parish Church, City Museum, First Old Church in Poblacion, Zavalla Old House, two other old houses and the City of Santa Rosa Arch. This site encompasses: Rizal Blvd., from the foot of Santa Rosa Bridge to the corner of G.B. Zavalla St.; and F. Gomez St., from the corner of Añonuevo St. to the corner of P. Gomez St. The Offices-Government District includes the New City Hall of Santa Rosa, Gusaling Batasan, City Museum and Tourism Dept., Old City Hall, CDRRMC Office, City Health Office I, Agriculture Dept., PNP, City Jail and Fire Dept., Community Hospital, and Manpower Center. Considering that the heritage area is also a tourist attraction and the government district as the daily destination of people who seek public services, there is a need to redevelop the two overlapping sites that would make them presentable to visitors and the city constituency. In the case of heritage/cultural and historical structures and sites, urban renewal activities shall include conservation, adaptive reuse, reconstitution and restoration. Since these are located in flood- and liquefaction prone areas, this stresses the need to observe destruction risk reduction measures as applied to heritage structures. With regard to government structures and sites, these shall be made presentable and accessible to visitors which also include beautifying and greening their surroundings such as the city plaza and open spaces. In this connection, more pocket parks shall be developed in these public areas. The existing land use map clearly shows the lack of parks and recreation areas that help

4-18


create a more livable city. With regard to the threat of liquefaction that could occur with the imminent movement of the West Valley Fault, the possibility of transferring vital structures of the Government District such as the New City Hall, Gusaling Batasan, CDRRMC Office, Public Market and protection services should be seriously considered by the LGU in order to ensure continuity of government functioning during a liquefaction event. Or at least locationally safe alternative structures should be identified for now. This land use category occupies an area of 73.90 hectares. Barangays included in the Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area (in part) are Kanluran, Malusak, Market Area, and Tagapo. 4.4.8

Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area

The Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area was also previously part of the Urban Redevelopment Area and Growth Management Zone 1 in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance). The area is structurally defined by the rapid commercial developments along J.P. Rizal Blvd. F. Reyes St., and the Old National Highway. It includes the old Central Business District (CBD) in Brgy. Kanluran and Market Area that formed in the junctures of J.P. Rizal Blvd. with J.B. Zavalla St., Vallejo St., and Tatlong Hari St. It also includes even the greater and newer commercial development in the juncture of J.P. Rizal Blvd. and F. Reyes St. with the Old National Highway. The more prominent commercial establishments west of the old CBD are the SM City Santa Rosa and Robinsons Market along the northern end of the Old National Highway as well as the ReySol Supermarket, Walter Mart, Target Mall, Pure Gold and Enchanted Kingdom south of F. Reyes St. in Brgy. Balibago. There is also a Banking and Financial Services District along J.P. Rizal Blvd. starting from Brgy. Tagapo and curving down to Brgys. Kanluran and Malusak. Located along this stretch are wellknown banks such as BDO, DBP, RCBC Savings Bank, Maybank Phils. Inc., and Union Bank of the Phil. As shown in the Structure Plan, the commercial area includes three Activity Nodes – the first one in the old CBD, the second at the crossing between the Old National Highway and J.P. Rizal Blvd., and the third at the juncture between F. Reyes St. and San Lorenzo Blvd. It may be observed that the commercial area has parts that are flood –prone and which have therefore moderate development capability, including limited capacities of access roads. A well-ordered consolidation of urban growth in this area, especially in sections which are still agricultural and open lands, shall be pursued. In the plan, the commercial area has been increased in size in order to accommodate the rising demand for commercial space that will translate to more revenues for the city. And considering the high land values here, vertical development of private and public structures shall be encouraged. The commercial area shall be used for the following purposes: large shopping mall, minor and major commercial, low and medium density residential, light and medium industrial, general institutional and heritage, socialized housing, park and recreation,

4-19


water, and tourism land uses, with emphasis on CCA and DRR mitigations. This land use category occupies an area of 658.5 hectares. Barangays included in the Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area (in whole or in part) are as follows: Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Malusak, Labas, Macabling, Pook Balibago, Dila, and Dita. 4.4.9


The Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area includes parts of the previous Growth Management Areas 1 and 2 in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 88899 (Zoning Ordinance). This industrial area already includes existing light, medium and heavy industries that are strung along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road in the southwestern sector of the city just below the South Luzon Expressway. Part of the area includes the wide existing idle and agricultural lands as well as low-density housing sites below the Sta.RosaTagaytay Road. This area is less susceptible to flooding, being situated on more elevated terrain and being covered with loam soil that is easily permeable by water. It is also underlain by hard clastic or sedimentary rock that is not prone to liquefaction should an earthquake occur. This is also the area where the headwaters of most rivers are located and which, if managed well by industrial developments with much vegetative cover and other structural practices following green urbanism principles, can substantially reduce flooding in the lowlands. This is the rationale for recommending light and medium industries that are less pollutive and that include in their development nature parks and green areas as exemplified by Eco Zones such as Nuvali, Greenfield Development Corporation, Laguna Technopark, Coke Philippines, Toyota Philippines and Eton City. The green ambiance of the area is enhanced by the presence of low-density residential development. In addition, the zone is positioned to be the Regional Central Business District in the Province of Laguna and the CALABARZON region. The area is now known by the presence of Business Process Outsource (BPO) Companies that provide livelihood not only for the city but also for the whole region. The city was awarded as the Next Wave City in BPO-ICT by the DOST-ICTO and is ranked consistently in the top 100 cities in the world in terms of BPO ideal location by Tholons. Aside from the Eco Zones mentioned above, the other notable industrial companies that have located in the city are the following: Asahi Philippines Rubber Industrial Corporation, Asia Brewery Incorporated, Columbian Motors Corporation, Filipinas Synthetic Fiber Corporation, Food Motor Company, Fujitsu Ten, Mercury Group of Companies, Monde Denmark Nissin Biscuit Corporation, Nissan Motor Phils. Inc., Panasonic, San Miguel Foods Inc., SMB Dairy Products, Sun Logistics Tech. Inc., United Laboratories Inc., Honda Cars Phil., and Mitsubishi Motors Corp. Phil. The industrial area shall be used for the following purposes: light and medium industrial, commercial centers (e.g., the Activity Node in Brgy. Pulong Santa Cruz),

4-20


large shopping malls, low and medium density residential, townhouses and residential condominiums, masterplanned communities, general institutional, park and recreation, water, and tourism land uses. This land use category occupies an area of 1,668.84 hectares. The Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area is located (in whole or in part) in Brgys. Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose, Malitlit, and Sto. Domingo. 4.4.10 Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area The Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area corresponds to parts of the former Growth Management Area 2 in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance). This tourism-residential area already includes the recreational-amusementconvention establishments of Santa Elena Golf Club Inc., Country Club Development Corp. and Ecozone @ Nuvali as well as the Cuartel de Santo Domingo heritage site and structure. Interspersed between them are low-density residential areas and vacant idle lands. This area is the least susceptible to flooding, being located on the most elevated parts of the city and having permeable loamy soils. The western tip of the area, however, is traversed by the West Valley Fault that can cause damages and losses in lives and property when it moves. Furthermore, the rivers that separate Santa Rosa City from Biñan City and Cabuyao City at the southwestern end of the city are observed to be landslide-prone such that proper easements and buffers shall be observed along the river. There is a need to resolve the issue of ownership or jurisdiction between the LGU and the national government with regard to Cuartel de Santo Domingo since at present a Special Action Force (SAF) contingent of the Philippine National Police (PNP) occupied the 8-hectare compound where the Cuartel is located. Access by tourists to the site is impeded since approval for entry to it has to be secured first from the SAF. Jurisdiction over the site by both the LGU and the Department of Tourism (DOT) will also allow the conservation of the historical landmark which is already showing signs of deterioration. Like the Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area, this tourism-residential section is also the location of the headwaters of some rivers and streams flowing towards the lower parts of the city. The interventions recommended by the IGES land use study of the Silang-Sta. Rosa subwatershed and by the Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed shall be applied here in order to minimize flooding in the lowlands. This land use category shares with the light and medium industrial area an Activity Node of commercial establishments at the juncture of the Sta. RosaTagaytay Road and Laguna Blvd. Amid the increasing population of the tourist attractions in the city, there is a need for insuring tourist security welfare and safety. Even if the LGU has an adequate police force and police establishments in all the barangays, there is a need to increase

4-21


police visibility in the tourist sites and attractions. Furthermore, there is also a need to increase tourism consciousness among policemen as part of promoting the tourism thrust of the LGU. Considering the high tourism potentials of Santa Rosa City, there is a need to formulate a Tourism Master Plan that will focus on the following aspects of tourism development on the city: development of La Playa as tourism destination in consultation with LLDA, DOT and TIEZA; establishment of an E-Museum and ELearning Resource Center; setting up of accommodation facilities for small entrepreneurs for product development; accreditation of tourism establishments from DOT; tourism promotion of Santa Rosa City as “Hibiscus Bloom City of the South”; promotion of vacation packages and familiarization tours in coordination with the Association of Laguna Travel and Tour Agencies (ALTTA); arrangement with DepEd for the formal support and cooperation of the local DepEd Division of Santa Rosa/District 1 with regard to the promotion of cultural programs that will boost tourism in the city; setting up of a Santa Rosa Manpower Training Center that will teach carpentry and masonry skills to the local labor force that will be employed for the restoration and maintenance of local heritage structures and sites; and departmentalization of the Tourism Office for the proper management of the Tourism Police and restoration and maintenance of tourist landmarks and heritage structures and sites. This tourism-residential area shall be used in a controlled or regulated manner for the following purposes: tourism, low density residential, minor and major (e.g., shopping malls) commercial, masterplanned communities, general institutional and heritage, sports and recreational, eco-parks, and water land uses. This land use category occupies an area of 1,061.33 hectares. The Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area is located (in whole or in part) in Brgys. Sto. Domingo, Malitlit, and Don Jose. 4.4.11 Parks and Recreation Area In addition to the Poblacion plaza and the small pockets og greenery in different parts of the city, there are three proposed major parks and recreation areas designed to boost tourism as one of the major development thrusts of the city as well as to improve the quality of life of city residents. A major project under this land use category is the 2.8 kilometer Santa Rose Elevated Pedestrian and Bike Lane that will connect the Santa Rosa Eco-Tourism People’s Park and Santa Rosa Esplanade. The pedestrian park will also provide a bike lane that will allow residents unimpeded access over the Central Business District as well as the opportunity to engage in healthy physical exercise and close social interaction. To be built along the Santa Rosa River, the pedestrian park will also connect major schools and urban nodes in the city.

4-22


A second project in the Santa Rosa Eco-Tourism People’s Park which will be developed along Leon Arcillas Boulevard in Brgy. Tagapo which is also near the Sports Center. The third project is the Santa Rosa Esplanade which is located along Laguna de Bay in Brgy. Aplaya. The 2011 Environmental Code of Santa Rosa City actually requires every barangay to establish an eco-park that shall also serve as common playgrounds for their residents. Related to this campaign is the protection, conservation and restoration of flora and fauna in the city that is also part of the National Greening Program established by Presidential Executive Order No. 25, Series of 2011. The two sites comprising the main Parks and Recreation Area cover 17.37 hectares. 4.4.12 City Waters Area The City Waters Area refers to the water bodies within the city, which include the rivers, streams, ponds, canals, dams and other forms of surface water on land. This area does not include the water of the lake which are already covered by the Shoreland Overlay Area –SAFDZ. Maintenance of rivers and streams shall be strictly observed for purposes of minimizing flooding and maintaining their ecological integrity. The important measures should include the following: observation of the required easements along river banks as required by the Water Code (PD 1067); regular dredging of river courses; and penalizing the throwing of pollutive materials into water bodies. The major water bodies in the city are as follows: Santa Rosa River, Cabuyao River, Malitlit River, Tiway-Tiway River, Diezmo River, Lumbia River, Malanding River, Petang Creek, NIA canals in Brgys. Tagapo and Balibago, and the ponds of Nuvali (Lakeside Ecozone). The Country Club Development Corp., and Eton City. The City Waters Area land use category covers an area of 155.48 hectares. It should be mentioned that the Lumbia River on the western boundary of Brgy. Sto. Domingo and the river on the eastern boundary are observed to be prone to landslides as induced by heavy rainfall. The longer eastern river has a higher susceptibility to the hazard. There is a need to observe an open space easement on both banks of the rivers as required by PD 1096 or the Water Code. In order to effectively reduce disaster risks, an easement of 20 meters shall be observed. 4.4.13 Road Rights-of-Way Area The Road Rights-of-Way Area includes the proposed and existing roads that will create an interconnected road network around the city and that will in turn create a dynamic local cellular economy through increased internal movements of people and goods. There are also proposed connecting roads inside the city that will increase accessibility to more parts of the study area. All properties that are affected by the identified new road alignments shall be required to provide unimpeded road rights-ofway subject to compensation negotiations with the city government that is imbued by

4-23


law with the police power of eminent domain. This land use category covers an area of 501.24 hectares. 4.4.14 Special Use/Cemetery Area The Special Use/Cemetery Area refers to the five cemetery and/or memorial park sites found in different parts of the city. These are the conjoined Catholic-Aglipay cemetery in Brgy. Kanluran, the Centennial Garden in Brgy. Macabling, the Mt. Zion Memorial in Brgy. Dita, the Eternal Gardens Memorial Park in Brgy. Pulong Santa Ana, and the New Cemetery Extension in Brgy. Dila. The last facility has actually appurtenant special use services, namely: Coffin Crypt Depository, Bone Depository, Santa Rosa Memorial Garden, City of Santa Rosa Public Cemetery, and Ferlins. This aggrupation has a one-kilometer buffer diameter. All in all, the special use/cemetery category occupies an area of 29.98 hectares. As required by the Sanitation Code of the Philippines (PD 856) and the Local Utilities and Water Administration (LUWA), the following rules on cemeteries shall be observed: (1) they should be located outside of or within reasonable distance from residential zones; (2) burial pits must be 50 meters away from the nearest source of water; and (3) their proper maintenance shall be the exclusive duty of the applicant. 4.4.15 Relocation/Resettlement Area The city government has provided relocation/resettlement sites for informal settlers of the city. These sites are located as follows: one in Brgy. Kanluran, three in Brgy. Pooc, and four in Brgy. Pulong Santa Cruz. Additional sites have been provided by the city government such as the Low-Cost Housing Project in Brgy. Labas, and the Innovationville, South Ville and Villa Santa Rosa sites in Brgy. Pooc. The establishment of the sites is a social amelioration project of the city that is aimed at improving the living conditions of low-income families by transferring them away from the congested and flood-prone sections of the city to places that provide them decent housing and livelihood opportunities. All in all, the relocation/resettlement sites total approximately 67.07 hectares. 4.4.16 Evacuation Centers In response to the perennial and to the increasingly frequent severe flooding in the city, the city government has set up many evacuation centers and these are found in Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Tagapo, Kanluran, Malusak, Labas, Pooc, Balibago, Macabling, Dila, Dita, Pulong Santa Cruz, Malitlit, Don Jose, and Sto. Domingo. These many evaluation centers underscore the seriousness of the flooding problem in the city and consequently the need to strictly enforce the guidelines prescribed by the Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed and by the IGES study.

4-24

Section

5 5.1

LAND AND WATER USE POLICIES

Land Use Policies

Land and water use policies were among the stakeholders’ workshop outputs that are based on the preceding outputs of the situational analysis and also reflect the other parts of the comprehensive land use planning process, namely, the vision development thrust and land suitability assessment, physical strategy- cum-structure plan and comprehensive land use plan. These policies will also be reflected in the City Integrated Zoning Ordinance. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

5.2

Settle political boundary issues among barangays Locate additional residential, future requirement in hazard neutral area Minimize conversion of agricultural lands as part of CCA and DRRM mitigation and for local food sustainability Vertical development of public institutions are encouraged to maximize land use and address future needs Vertical development of private infrastructure are also encouraged to maximize land use and address future needs Protection of SAFDZ area and promote its use by instituting programs suited for its use Promote mixed use land in highly commercial areas such as lands along major roads and others Allocate land space on priority projects such as Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Santa Rosa, evacuation centers, new road networks, among others Invest in land banking for public use Promote pocket parks and recreation centers Identify industrial areas based on use such as BPO industries situated in I-2 areas and other companies in I-3 areas Waterfront development to promote economic activity, land availability, additional transport system (ferry boat) and tourism.

Water Use Policies

As stated in Article V of the Santa Rosa City Environment Code, an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan will be formulated to ensure perpetual water supply in the City of Santa Rosa. This is in coordination with the barangay officials, Laguna Lake and Development Authority (LLDA), Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), National Water Resources Board (NWRB), Laguna AAA Water Corp., other national government agencies, local water districts, and private sector groups.

5-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 5. LAND AND WATER USE POLICIES

Installation of overhead water tanks in subdivisions will be regulated to take into account the availability of water for all. Creation of a Master Plan for an effective water quality monitoring on t he major water bodies and groundwater in the City, including identification of potable water sources. There will be an administrative arrangement with LLDA to address the following concerns:  



 

 



Require industries to establish water treatment facilities; Control effluents and other pollutive substances entering waterways and preventing contamination; Require resource users to adopt precautionary measures, clean production techniques, recycling and waste audits and minimization in all stages of industrial operations; Control effluent discharge from point sources; Secure waste management disposal of commercial and backyard livestock farming; Control illegal structures along shoreline areas; and Monitor and enforce LLDA rules and regulations including deputation of LGUs. Require all new developments to provide a three (3)-chamber septic tank for residential and four (4)-chamber for commercial structures.

Prohibition on the disposal of effluent and sludge from motor repair shops, motor pools, vehicle garage and terminals, car wash and junk shop establishments, gasoline stations, livestock and poultry and other similar establishments into the drainage canals, creeks, rivers or any water bodies including land areas to avoid pollution. Construction of water wells, rainwater collectors, development of springs and inventory and rehabilitation of existing water wells (open and artesian) in all barangays, including the effective monitoring of the same. Partnership with Save Silang-Santa Rosa River Foundation, Inc. (S3R2) S3R2 is a non-stock, non-profit voluntary organization comprised of members coming from the Silang, Cavite and cities of Santa Rosa and Biñan. It envisions for a healthy and progressive community of conscious, committed and responsible people dedicated to the protection of the Silang-Santa Rosa River and working harmoniously with the communities towards the continuous preservation of the environment. Major programs of S3R2 include Adopt-A-River Program in partnership with the City Government of Santa Rosa, Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), and the Toyota Autoparts Phils., Inc. (TAP). A research study on Ecological Profiling of the

5-2


Silang-Santa Rosa River and the Restoration/Rehabilitation of its Degraded Systems was commissioned to the Experts of the Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, U.P. Los Baños headed by Dr. Macrina T. Zafaralla. The research study aims to guide S3R2 in development planning and prioritizing management strategies and strengthen the involvement of locators/industries that rely on the water and other resources that the river provides. Establishment of clearance and greenbelts along river banks and lakeshore areas as prescribed in Presidential Decree No. 1067 which provides that “banks or rivers and streams and seashores of the seas throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along margins are subject to easement for public use in the interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage.” However, the three (3)-meter easement in urban areas may be increased if the need arises to insure the protection of residents. In compliance to the regulation of HLURB and P.D. 957, the following guidelines shall be observed by contractors, developers and planners: 





 



  

The problem of water recharge and flooding shall be taken into consideration in the formulation of land development plans; Methods/measures to address problems of recharge and flooding shall be employed subject to the design parameters provided herein; Drainage and storm water and rainwater run-off into water bodies and retention/detention ponds shall be ensured; Permeable materials shall be used in surface areas located in open spaces; Rainwater harvesting methods and the provision of solar energy should be encouraged; Regular maintenance of the measures referred to in item (a) shall be undertaken; A significant portion of the developed land shall be allotted for recharge; and Vegetation shall be encouraged. Green Building design and regulations shall be promoted.

To address the problems of recharge and flooding in the City, future land development shall be flood-neutral. Contractors, developers and/or planners shall incorporate in their development plans provisions for retention ponds, detention ponds, rain gardens and/or swales insofar as these are appropriate in the area being developed. The design of the ponds shall be guided by the f ollowing:  



Ponds shall preferably have a gradual graded-slope configuration; Ponds should be constructed away from emergent or other wetlands so as not to cause alteration of hydrology; Ponds shall be sited in previously disturbed areas to avoid habitat loss;

5-3






Ponds should ideally be located near the river in consideration of the force of gravity on the water; and The size and dimensions of the pond shall be determined on the basis of the pond design guidelines/standards of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).

5-4

Section

6

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

Listed below are the prioritized programs and projects which have to be implemented in due time in order to accelerate Santa Rosa City’s spatio -sectoral development. Based on the planning process, these programs and projects are the outcome of the preceding major steps in the process, namely, the situational analysis, the goals/objectives/targets, and the policies/ strategies. These programs and projects also constitute the basis for the formulation of the Investment Program that will be funded within the ten-year planning period. In this section, they will only be listed since their specific components are contained in another volume titled Priority Programs and Projects. Most of the programs and projects listed are “hard” or land development-related that reflects the focus of the current planning exercise.

6.1

Social and Economic Sectors  



    



  

  

Resettlement of Informal Settler Families Occupying Danger Areas Construction of Three Evacuation Centers as an Alternative to Using Schools as Evacuation Centers During Disasters Construction of Medium-Rise Housing Projects for Low/Middle-Income Groups and for Government Employees Establishment of Ecoparks in Order to Promote a Healthy Lifestyle Construction of Tertiary and Primary Level Health Infrastructure Allocate an Adequate Land Area for Expansion of Schools Construction of Protective Services Infrastructure Construction of the Following Social Welfare Facilities: Women and Children; CICL Rehabilitation Center; Center for Street Children Utilization of Idle Lots and Open Spaces in Subdivisions, and Commercial and Industrial Estates for Urban Farming Land Banking for Socialized Housing Projects Improvement of Safe Water Supply System for 100% Coverage Construction of Medium Rise Housing Projects (for low/middle income groups and for government employees) Construction of Additional Sports Facilities for Indoor and Outdoor Sports Construction of Pharmacy Separate from the Hospital Allocate and Adequate Land Area for Expansion of Schools

6-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 6. MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

6.2

Environment and Natural Resources Sector   

    

6.3

Infrastructure and Utilities Sector    



6.4

Santa Rosa Integrated Flood and Drainage System Small Water Impounding System Construction of Detention Ponds Study on the Optimum Locations of Solid Waste MRF and Collection Stations Construction of Solid Waste MRF and Pick-up Stations

Transportation Sector   

  

  

6.5

Capacity Building in Environment and Natural Resources Water Quality Management Project Establishment of Administrative Arrangements with NWRB in Water Resource Management Air Quality Management Solid Waste Management System Groundwater Monitoring and Management Project Surface Water Quality Management Project Campaign on Seismic Retrofitting of Highly Vulnerable Structures

Santa Rosa Elevated Pedestrian and Bike Lane Connector Between Greenfield Parkway and San Lorenzo Road Connector Between Binan-Santa Rosa Access Road and Santa RosaTagaytay Road Connector Between Provincial Road and Laguna Blvd. Connector Between Greenfield Parkway and Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road Completion of Grading and Paving of Tagapo-Macabling Road Segment that Intersects Binan-Santa Rosa Access Road Connector Between Balibago and Macabling Widening of Existing East-West Balibago and Macabling Connection Tagapo East-West Connector

Local Administration and Finance Sector  



Upgrading of the Santa Rosa Manpower Training Center Continued Subsidy to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) Santa Rosa Campus Local Government Unit in Coordination with Department of Education (DepEd) School Districts and Division Offices for the DepEd School-toSchool Partnership Arrangements

6-2

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 6. MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

  

   

 



  



 

Establishment of Pamantasan ng Santa Rosa Governance System of Santa Rosa City Land Banking for Future Economic Development and Expansion of Santa Rosa City Regular Conduct of Community-Based Monitoring System Delineation of Barangay Boundaries Adoption and Mainstreaming of Green Technology Application and Upgrading of the City Status from a Component City to a Highly Urbanizing City Establishment of Senior High School Buildings and Campuses Adoption and Implementation of the Performance Governance System (PGS) Land Banking for Future Economic Development and Expansion of Santa Rosa City Tax Mapping to Define Barangay Boundaries Incentive Provision for the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Accreditation of Educational Institutions for the Manpower Requirements of the BPO Industry Strengthening of the Asset and Investment Management Capacity of the LGU Empowerment of Cooperatives and Non-Government Organizations Strict Implementation of Zoning Ordinance/Land Use Classification.

6-3

Section

7

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY/ARRANGEMENT

This section enumerates the strategies and/or arrangements to be adopted in implementing the programs and projects identified for the spatio-sectoral development of Santa Rosa City. In another sense, the strategies and arrangements are also aimed at achieving the planned uses of the city’s land or spatial endowment as well as the socioeconomic goals implied in the discussion of the different components of the comprehensive land use plan. The strategies may be divided into those pertaining to the following: settlements, infrastructures, production areas, protection areas, health and well-being, sustainable livelihoods, physical protection and structural and technical measures. The Sangguniang Panlungsod’s legislative agenda, additional functions of LGU departments and offices, and institutional arrangements for disaster-resilient governance are also discussed.

7.1

Strategies in Settlements 





 







Vulnerable settlements particularly where there is the presence of a significant number belonging to the vulnerable groups that cannot be relocated shall be an operational community-based disaster management plan. It shall ensure that women and other vulnerable groups are involved in the Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVA) mapping and in the formulation of the disaster management planning as well as in the conduct of Damage Assessment and Needs Assessment (DANA) to ensure that their particular situation and specific needs are considered. Residential use shall enjoy priority over all other uses in the allocation of hazard-free areas. Development in hazard-prone areas shall be regulated, if restricted or discouraged. Hazard-exposed settlements, urban and rural shall be located to safe areas. Vulnerable settlements that cannot be relocated shall have an operational community-based disaster management plan. Multi-storey dwellings shall be sited in safe areas determined by scientific studies, and for evacuation purposes during floods. Development in environmentally sensitive areas such as steep slopes shall be limited. Regular monitoring and evaluation of structural quality or dwellings shall be established in the city.

7-1

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 7. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY/ARRANGEMENT 

7.2

Development may be allowed in low to moderate hazard areas subject to mitigation measures such as houses on stilts and structures that can withstand 300- to 400-KPH wind gustiness.

Strategies on Infrastructures 

 



7.3

Infrastructures shall be properly sited and designed so as not to become source of anthropogenic hazard themselves. Infrastructures exposure to geo-hydrological hazards shall be minimized. Old structures shall be retrofitted for adaptive reuse to preserve their historical or heritage value. Civil works that assist nature to rehabilitate itself or to maintain its own integrity shall be established.

Strategies on Production Areas 











7.4

Industrial and commercial activities shall be properly located considering their potential traffic generation and pollution impact. Strict zoning regulations shall be enforced on livestock and piggery houses located in residential areas, subject to HLURB standards and guidelines. Contour tillage and similar sustainable practices shall be strictly enforced among sloping land cultivators. The effects of agricultural chemical residues shall be monitored and regulated and practice of organic farming shall be encouraged. Environmental impact rather than potential revenue shall be the primary consideration in granting permits for environment-sensitive activities. Tourism projects shall be evaluated equally for their income generation potential as well as for the environmental degradation, displacement of local residents, and moral corruption that usually accompany these projects.

Strategies on Protection Areas 







Liberal allocation of open space in heavily populated areas shall be used as a vulnerability-reduction measure. The maintenance of greenery in public and private properties shall be encouraged not only for amenity but also for its carbon sequestration function. Environmentally critical and hazardous areas shall be properly demarcated and buffered. The ecological function shall be paramount over economic and other considerations when allowing the use of protected areas.

7-2

Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 7. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY/ARRANGEMENT

7.5

Strategies on Health and Well-Being (Including Human Capital)

Access to minimum standards in disaster response as set forth in the Humanitarian Charter, including need of water, sanitation, nutrition, food, shelter, clothing, healthcare and others shall be provided with the following strategies to be emphasized: 









7.6

Physical ability to labor and good health maintained in normal times through adequate food and nutrition, hygiene and health care. Food supplies and nutritional status secured (e.g., through reserve stocks of grain and other staple foods managed by communities, with equitable distribution system during food crisis). Access assured to sufficient quantity and quality of water for domestic needs during crisis. Community structures and culture able to support self-confidence and can assist management of psychological consequences of disaster (trauma, PTSD). Community health care facilities and health workers, equipped and trained to respond to physical and mental health consequences of disasters and lesser hazard events, and supported by access to emergency health services, medicines, etc.

Strategies on Sustainable Livelihood 

 







7.7

High level of economic activity and employment particularly among the vulnerable groups (ensuring that women have sustainable livelihood and income by providing them with skills training and inputs). Equitable distribution of wealth and livelihood assets in community. Livelihood diversification (household and community level), including onfarm and off-farm activities in rural areas. Adoption of hazard-resistant agricultural practices (e.g., soil and water conservation methods, cropping patterns geared to low or variable rainfall, hazard-tolerant crops) for food security. Enterprises have business protection and continuity recovery plans by including risk-generated management particularly of micro-enterprises. Local trade and transport links with markets for products, labor and services protected against hazards and other external shocks.

Strategies on Physical Protection, Structural and Technical Measures 

Community decisions and planning regarding built environment take potential natural hazard risks into account (including potential for increasing

7-3


risks through interference with ecological, hydrological, geological systems) and vulnerabilities of different groups. Security of land-ownership/tenancy rights, low/minimal level of homelessness and landlessness. Safe locations: community members and facilities (homes, workplaces, public and social facilities) not exposed to hazards in high-risk areas and/or relocated away from unsafe sites. Structural mitigation measures (embankments, flood diversion channels, water harvesting tanks, etc.) in place to protect against major hazard threats, built using local, skills, materials and appropriate technologies as far as possible. Community capacities and skills to build, retrofit and maintain, structures (technical and organizational) Adoption of physical measures to protect items of domestic property (e.g., raised internal platforms and storage as f lood mitigation measures, portable stoves) and productive assets (e.g., livestock shelters). Adoption of short-term protective measures against impending events (e.g., emergency protection of doors/windows from cyclone winds). Infrastructure and public facilities to support emergency management needs (e.g., shelters-secure evacuation and emergency supply routes). In appropriate cases, provide a separate center for women and their children at the maximum, or bath and toilet facilities and needed privacy for women, girl-children are provided for at the minimum. An emergency response for women and vulnerable groups shall be designed to include search and rescue operations, evacuation management and rehabilitation plans. Resilient and accessible critical facilities (e.g., health centers, hospitals, police and fire-stations – in terms of structural resilience back-up systems, etc.) Resilient transport/service infrastructure and connections (roads, paths, bridges, water supplies, sanitation, power lines, communications, etc.)



















7.8

Regulatory Measures to Incorporate in the SP’s Legislative Agenda

Regulatory measures are also a necessary instrument of management in that they seek to prevent or preempt certain socially undesirable actions and behaviors that tend to nullify or neutralize the benefits that may accrue from the positive intervention measures. In the particular case of necessary regulations to implement this DRR/CCA, the city zoning ordinance has delineated hazard-prone areas as no-build zones in order to put future settlements permanently out of harm’s way. Other specific regulations will be enacted through single-subject ordinances as the need arises. The measures should strongly suggest to the Sangguniang Panlungsod to encourage land use applications of land use policies and land use planning in

7-4


disaster management. It needs a strong and responsive political will, commitment and leadership. It is best done through customized adoption.

7.9

Activities to be Added to Functions of Existing LGU Departments and Offices

Build capacities to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and disaster preparedness by designating each department head in the LGU a role and how to respond in the event of disaster. A working group should be organized to address functional committees and maximizing their tasks and functions in mainstreaming DRRM/CCA in the LGU systems and processes.

7.10 Institutional Arrangements for Disaster-Resilient Governance 7.10.1 City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Sec. 11 of Republic Act 10121 provides for the organization at the local government level of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and accordingly the existing City Disaster Coordinating Council (CDRRMC) under PD 1566 shall henceforth be known as City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (CDRRMC). The CDRRMC shall have the following functions: 1. Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the LDRRMP and regularly review and test the plan consistent with other national and local planning programs; 2. Ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into local development plans, programs, and budget as a strategy in sustainable development and poverty reduction; 3. Recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive evaluation or local residents, if necessary; and 4. Convene the local council once every three months or as necessary. 7.10.2 Creation of Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) Responsible officers will have to be designated for: 1. Administration and Training 2. Research and Planning 3. Operation and Warning

7-5


Among the more important functions of the LDRRMO are the following: 1. Design, program and coordinate disaster risk reduction and management activities consistent with the National Council’s standards and guidelines; 2. Organize and conduct training, orientation and knowledge management activities on disaster risk reduction and management at the local level; 3. Operate a multi-hazard early warning system, linked to disaster risk reduction to provide accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency response organizations and to the general public, through diverse mass media, particularly radio, landline communications, and technologies for communication within rural communities. 4. Formulate and implement a comprehensive and integrated LDRRMP in accordance with the national, regional and provincial framework, and policies on disaster risk reduction in close coordination with the local development councils (LDCs); 5. Prepare and submit to the local Sanggunian through the LDRRMC and the LDC the annual LDRRMO Plan and budget, the proposed programming of the LDRRMF, other dedicated disaster risk reduction and management resources, and other regular funding source/s and budgetary support of the LDRRMO/BDRRMC; 6. Conduct continuous disaster monitoring and mobilize instrumentalities and entities of the LGUs, CSOs, private groups and organized volunteers to utilize their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and properties during emergencies in accordance with existing policies and procedures; 7. Develop, strengthen and operationalize mechanisms for partnership or networking with private sector, CSOs other LGUs and volunteer groups; 8. Organize, train, equip and supervise the local emergency response teams and the ACDVs, ensuring that humanitarian aid workers are equipped with basic skills to assist mothers to breastfeed; 9. Respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out recovery activities in the affected area, ensuring that there is an efficient mechanism or immediate delivery of food, shelter and medical supplies for women and children, endeavor to create a special place where internallydisplaced mothers can find help with breastfeeding, feed and care for their babies and give support to each other.

7-6


10. Serve as the secretariat and executive arm of the LDRRMC; 11. Establish Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Centers and Communities; 12. Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the LDC, the report on the utilization of the LDRRMF and other dedicated disaster risk reduction and management resources to the local COA, copy furnished the regional director of the OCD and the Local Government Operations Officer of the DILG.

7-7

Section

8

MONITORING REVIEW AND EVALUATION SYSTEM

More specifically, monitoring and evaluation will be done with emphasis on CCADRR principles on major success indicators which have been suggested in the situational analysis of the different planning sectors of the CLUP especially with regard to their constraints and potentials which have, in turn, been translated into vision, goals and development thrusts and programs. This stage in the CLUP process is intended to put in place the systems/mechanisms/procedures that will allow the consistent and systematic monitoring of development interventions with regard to their intended results, measurement of trends, and evaluation of benefits and impacts. It shall serve as the feedback mechanism and basis for revising policy interventions that will lead to higher levels of success in program and project implementation. Presented below is a monitoring and evaluation matrix (Table 8-1) that indicates the more significant recommended success indicators, the responsible LGU departments/offices, and brief description/parameter for monitoring. Table 8-1: Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators Recommended CCA-DRRMRelated Success Indicators/Targets 







Brief Description/ Parameters for Monitoring

Responsible LGU Department/Office

Incremental relocation of exposed informal settlers from areas at risk to floods and landslides

City Social Welfare and Development Office; City Planning and Development Office

Construction of evacuation centers as alternative to schools being used as evacuation centers

Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office; City Planning and Development Office; City Engineering Office

Construction of mediumrise housing projects for low/middle income groups and government employees

City Engineering Office; City Planning and Development Office

More ecoparks established in the city

City Engineering Office; City Community Environment and Natural Resources Office; City Architect’s Office









Annual number of vulnerable settler families relocated Annual monitoring of number of evacuation centers being constructed

Annual monitoring of housing units constructed

Monitoring of effort to secure LGU and external funding for establishment of more ecoparks

8-1

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM

Recommended CCA-DRRMRelated Success Indicators/Targets 



















Brief Description/ Parameters for Monitoring


More primary and tertiary level health stations construction

City Engineering Office; City Health Office

More public school classrooms and laboratories constructed


More protective services facilities constructed

City Engineering Office; City Planning and Development Office; City Architect’s Office

More social welfare facilities constructed

City Engineering Office; City Architect’s Office

More idle lots and open spaces utilized for urban farming

City Agriculturist’s Office

More trainings conducted on capacity building in environment and natural resources management

City Community Environment and Natural Resources Office

More monitoring stations for maintain rivers and groundwater quality and IEC seminars on proper solid and liquid waste disposal

City Community Environment and Natural Resources Office

Sufficient and high quality of potable water supply for the city

City Engineering Office; City Environment and Natural Resources Office

Good air quality being maintained in the city

City Environment and Natural Resources Office

IEC seminars and training programs conducted and devised to improve solid

City Environment and Natural Resources Office





















Monitoring of number of primary and tertiary health infrastructures constructed Annual monitoring of number of school classrooms and laboratories constructed Annual monitoring of police substations, jail cells and fire sub stations constructed Annual monitoring of number of women and children crisis centers, CICL Rehab Centers and Centers for street children constructed Hectarage or number of idle/vacant lots utilized for urban agriculture Annual number of trainings, seminars and workshops conducted Number of monitoring stations established and IEC seminars conducted

Monitoring of Memorandum of Agreement between LGU and NWRB to jointly monitor water resource extraction and use in the city Air quality monitoring/sampling stations set up around the city Number of seminars conducted and solid waste management

8-2

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna Comprehensive Land Use Plan Section 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM

Recommended CCA-DRRMRelated Success Indicators/Targets waste management in the city 

















Brief Description/ Parameters for Monitoring programs formulated


More vulnerable structures retrofitted or employing disaster mitigation structural design standards

City Engineering Office



Master plan formulated for integrated flood and drainage system




More water impounding systems set up for agricultural and household use

City Agriculturist’s Office; City Engineering Office

More detention ponds constructed to minimize flooding


More connector roads constructed such as between: Greenfield Parkway and San Lorenzo Road; Binan-Santa Rosa Access Road and Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road; Provincial Road and Laguna Blvd.; Greenfield Parkway and Santa RosaTagaytay Road, Brgys. Macabling and Balibago; and Tagapo East-West Road

City Engineering Office, City Planning and Development Office

More roads widened such as the Brgy.. Macabling road leading to Balibago Polyclinic and Hospital, Inc.


More roads graded and paved such as the TagapoMacabling Road Segment intersecting the BinanSanta Rosa Access Road




More bridges built such as the two proposed in Brgy. Macabling




Santa Rosa Manpower Training Center upgraded

City Planning and Development Office











Monitoring of vulnerable buildings and houses being retrofitted or reinforced Monitoring of progress of formulation of an integrated flood and drainage system Number of water impounding systems set up

Number of detention ponds constructed. Monitoring of connector roads built or kilometrage of roads built

Monitoring of road widening project or kilometrage of road widened Monitoring of roads graded and paved or kilometrage of roads graded and paved Monitoring of bridges built Monitoring of upgrading manpower training center

8-3

City-of-Santa-Rosa-CLUP-2018-2026.pdf

Recommend Documents