Arab Spring and Ciritical Theory Relaions
As everybody knows that, Arab spring events is the most important issues of 21 th centruies.Firstly, we will shortly depends on Arab spring events. Later, we can emphasize of arap spring and ciritical theory relations in this studies. It's understanding, Arab spring is my case studies in the articles. My research question are: Which concept effect of Arab spring and Critical Theory Relations?. In this regard, under the this question we can examines role of media affects during the ''Arab Spring period''. In this Complex, we can exemines Jurgen Habermas perspectvies and approches in this study.
Arap spring appeared of 21 th centruies in the world. Many arab societies has launched the popular movement against the state administration in the arabian peninsula. Many politics scientists give some special name of this movements, this name is ''Arab Spring''. How societal movements triggered to this issuues. ''The Arab Spring was first started in Tunisia in December 18, 2010. 18 December 2010 Tunisian Mohamed Bouazizi peddlers were subsequently found himself burning venture with the impact of this event govern the country for 23 years on the uprising of the Tunisian people Zeynel Abidin Ben Ali fled the country. This event has also encouraged the uprising in other Arab countries''.(1) (What is the Arab spring,2015).
Many International Realtions theory examines this issues. In my opinion, Critical Theory emhasizes more detailed than other International Relations Theories.Critical Theory can create new scientific frame in the International Relations Theory.Critical Theory has become influential in international relations since the mid 1980's. When even , before end of the cold war, Marxism fell out of favour, because its structralist and economic biases. (2)( Steans,2010).
Therefore, ciritical theories approaches focus on humans conditions and humans issues,communities and societies . Beacuse, this theory ciriticized of marxisim perspectives in International Relations. According to me , Arab spring event appeared arab societies each other communications in the region. Critical Theory directly emphasize on this issues.
''Now, we are entering of arab spiring and critical theory relations in this sturdies.''The proliferation of social media, such as Facebook, Twiter and YouTube, presents new, powerful communication tools capable of influencing political opnions and policy decisions''. (3)(Coulson,2013). Arab Spring affected above mentioned situations. Because, this internet communication tools has spread Arap Spring ideas in the region.
People seems and learns everything of this communication tools. This ages is information ages in the world, so information pass is power notions in the world. In this regard, Critical Theory interests powerful status information concepts in the Arab Sspring movments. In- formation notions determines states domestic and Internal policies perceptions in the region. Therefore, Critical Theory Examines to social media events in the Arab Spring Period.
Mainstream media analsyts suggest that the upstart social media have influence over politics and policy. (4) (Gross, Shane2011). In here, social media concepts enters of Critical Theory areas. Social media affects of people perceptions. Triangular relationships between media coverage,public opinion and policy making, this ideas bound inseperably each other.
Always Critical Theorisits searched this ideas and state relaitions in their structures. This emphasis upon critical reflection in turn serves to highlight the importance of the ideational realm ın Internationals Relations. However, Critical Theorists hold that all knowledge is ideological intimately connected with social practice and the pusuit of interests.(5)( Steans,2011).
This perspectives controlled Arab Spring and Critical Theory Relations.According to me, Arabian social media movements supported this concepts during the Arab Spring.
Social media are tools for social interaction, using highly accessible and scalable communication techniques-- such as web- based, mobile technologies-- to turn communication into interactive dialogue. (6) (Coulson,2013).Frankfurth scholers Jurgen Habermas emphasize of dialogues power in their Ciritical Theory structure.Above mentioned this events proves for Jurgen Habermas notions. Social media directly influenced Arap Spring Movements.
Subsequently, people organized each other in the society and peoples voiced announced in protest and objections to the rulling class in the middle East territory. Alway's Critical Theorists and Critical Theory emphasize class relations in the society. Organs of such as media shows this relations in the countries.
Habermas was committed to the democratic process because it fostered dialogue and this was neccessary in order to further develop our moral codes and thinking about justice. For Example, although the role of social media is much lower in Syria's protest actions than countries like Tunisia or Eygpt , individuals have risked their lives to use cell phones and small cameras to filmv atrocities of president Bashar Al-Assad's crackdown on the protesters and up load these images to Facebook or YouTube fanning international pressure on Assad to back down (7) (Steans,Coulson, 2010,2013).
Habermas ideas Summerized social media and Critical Theory relations during the Arab Spring, middle east and African states medias use of Habermas disalogue concepts and influenced of public opinions. It's deeply seems that, middle eastern people using social media expression of self- ideas in the world.
According to me , this event covers of individual ciritical approach and perspectives, this is social medias power in the ciritical theory.
In response Assad has used propagandist websites like Bashar Al- Assad and social media to assert that protest and bogus and that he has hundreds of thousands of royal supporters. (8) (Coulson,2013). In here , I can depends on Frankfurth schools and Frankfurth schoolers perspectives. As shown, protests and Bashar Al- Assad use of social media. Two groups defenses of self side, which one is true.Hence, critical theory overlaped social media structure in their theories. Critical Theory use of media and they transfers true concepts to people.
According to me, social media tools of the critical subjective perspectives in the international arena. Social Media creates communication between human beings, Thus, human beigns construct intersubjective knowledge about the world. Critical Theory always support of this situation. Therefore, social media directly affected of Arab spring progresss in the area.
The linguistic landscape, mobile signs, code, choice, symbolic meaninig and territoriality in the discorse of protest in the Arab Spring.(9)(Kasanga,2013). In my opinion this ideas constains critical theory values. This concepts creates sociability in the countries, peoples shows reaction to the regimes of therir ideas. Peoples enters of society above mentioned this concepts and they establishes social conditions in the world and this international theory use of linguistic landscape, mobile signs and codes.
The linguistic landscape: signs in protest as semiotic resources. This event gives shepe of Arab spring. Therefore, ciritical theory using this ideas on the case studies in the world. Subsequently, Linguistic landscape gives more information of local social structure, social landscape gives more information of local social structure, social life, eceonomic values and policy in the countries. If people will make protest in the countries, people use of some linguistic symbol.
For example: Rabia symbols. Linguistic landscape developing understanding of self learnning and communication.Linguistic landscape whole effectivness whole area in the world.Every people inspires and uses of ''Rabia symbols''every corner of the world.Consequently, Always ciritical theory can improved International relations approaches and using of linguistic landscape ideas in their strctures.
Dissident's use of modern social media techonology for these purposes can pose a real threat to an established regime, so much so that the millitary will try to stop these activities through cyber warfare or direct action against the dissent using such saocial media techonolgy. (10) (Brooklyn Journal,2014). According to me, dissent provide international community in the arab spring. Governments and Militaries know this situations and They want to protect, broke and destroyed this communication.
Everybody misunderstanding critical theory only covers of society ecenomy and economic values in the world. During the Arab spring period social media functions creates social organization in the Middle East. Marxism limited analyses social organization in their stucture. However, ciritical theory improved social organization analyses and they give importance of communication ideas.
Social media has been perceived as instrument to the political and military effectivness of the position and insurgent forces in the Arab Spring.News of the oppositions activities and regime's repression were dissemination, in turn appears to have increased acts of protest against regime. (11)(Brookleyn Journal,2014). Social media cooperation humans ideas and social media to be voices of humans during the Arab Spring period. This is ideal speech in Arab spring, people hold together using of media and they protest the regimes in the Middle East. This is communicative rationality. Critical Theory directly depends on this issues their structures.
The usage of social media was aimed at organized protests and disminanting information about the regime.(12)(Brookleyn Journal,2014).People want to enters of all spheres of social life. So, They want to use and benefit of social medias. This is alternative values in the society. People contribute to the emancipatory politics in their countries. Because, all humans are free in the social media.
Social Media activists used YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and a host of media to broadcast atrocities and other abusesr by the regime to the outside world. (13)(Brookleyn Journal,2014). According to me social media provides interest in achieving emancipation of Arab countries and societies. This is universalis character. Because, social media arrived whole part in the world. Therefore, Ciritical Theory overlaped social media. It's understanding, social media and ciritical theory aims shows similiar values.Two concepts share universal character in International Theories.
Critical theorisits such as Andrew linklater are intrested particularly in how far the state system open up pr close off posibilities for human emancipation. (14)(Steans,2010).It's deeply seems that, Arab spring and Critical Theory relations. Therefore, Ciritical Theory directly examines Arab Spring event in the world.Middle East Authoritarian regimes absolutely dominated of Arab peoples in the region and this regimes seems threat of peoples freedom to their administration.
However, Arab spring when occurs in the Middle East region. Political scientists need to examines Critical theorists Andrew Linklater ideas in the International system.According to me, Critical Theory structure gives more right interest to the other teories in International Relations. Critical Theory differances of the other teories this teories examines political problem results and movments and they can improves solving theories on the this political problem.
Hence, social media gives more supports to Arab societies during the Arab spring periods. If you are not seem social media importance. You can not install relations to the international system and world.Critical theory emphasize on this media values.
Many observers believed that social media was the catalyst that enabled resistance to spread over the region in such a short time (15)(Harb, 2011; Howard and Hussain, 2011; Lotan et al., 2011; Stepanova, 2011). Others argue that social media played only an incidental role in the uprisings (16)(Ehrenberg, 2012; Morozov, 2011), insisting that it was a 'people's revolution' that would have happened with or without social media (17)(York, 2011). I absolutely agree first things, media played directly role in the Arab spiring period and I don't aceppt second ideas.
Social media creates intersubjectivty communications between countries and ıntersubjectivity concepts contains Universalism. Also social media announced diversity ideas and pluralism in the world. Therefore, Arab spring ideas increased in the region. Critical Theory researches social media and peoples relation in the Arab Spiring.
A time of crisis like the political discourse and policies that are open to maintain the unity of the action more effect.(18) (uiportal,2014) In this regard, Ciritical Theory emphasize that discourse and action union social media appeared this event in the Arab Spring period in the Middle East.Such as realism, Critical Theory did not include one events, They include both values and concepts in their structures. Videlicet, Critical Theory have more detaily perspective in international theory.
Critical Theory claims that, such as realism, liberalism and Marxism theories consider secondary plan and the passive position of human factors. Argues that the theory stated human factors nedd to be examined as a prioty. Therefore, think of this line are the liberation of man, take up the main problematic, examined the target depends on the concept of class in the Marxist liberation in a broader context.(19)(Sandıklı,2012).In my opnion, this argument summrized of critical theory and Arab Spring each other relations.
In here, I can depends on beginings of the Arab Spring period, Bouazizi burned self bodies in the Tunisian square and revolution begins in the Tunisia and then Revolution ideas spreads of whole Middle East Region. Consequently, Critical Theory emohasize on human factors in Arab spring.Subsequently, one person reaction change and They can defines, Assumptions, interpret of Arab spring issues. Realizm , Liberalism and Marxism have only one perspectivies. However, ciritical theory using many perspectives on the some political problem. For example= Arab Spring
Critical Theory use of social media in the region and they gave true decisions for Arab spring period. Critical Theory use of many concepts during the Arap spring, social media, public opinion and Linguistic Landscape.
Critical theory is opposed to the idea that the rules do not change, such as anrachy and power in international relations, Theory, takes in the histroical process of change is not as stable. This nature of the international system and social forms of human nature of the hard anarchic structuere and can not be accepted due argument can not be charged. Instiutions, society and power relations rather prefer questioning to assess the curent format.(20)(Sandıklı,2012).
According to Ciritical Theorists and Critical Theory, people community changes international relation system in the world. I totally agree wtih this ideas. Humans creates anarchical and stablity environment.Beacuse of the fact that, peoples nature opens of alteration. However, state laws want to saves stability in their contries.Therefore, two concepts always conflicts each other .According to me focus on this relations in the International Realtions. If people want to creates to this situations, they must use of some tools in the society.
Social Media is the big example in this structure.In this regard, realism, liberalizm and Marxizm theory remeians shallow. Therefore, we can emphasize Arab Spring of Critical Theory perspectives. It's deeply seems that, media, language symbols organs ar tools of ciritical theory. Ciritical Theory use of this cocnept on the poltical issues.
According to Linklater, the historical process of directing the will of the human community. People acting process of directing the will of the Humman Community.
People acting collectively can removes structural barriers to peace.(21)(Linklater,2008). Arab people and Arab societies can remove structural regime barriers in the Middle East. In this complex, the used of social media and information powers status.
New social movements and activist initiatives have become commonplace in our democracy. The activists discussed the scope of this article,the system undemocratic, social when developing impositions against common reactions, such as environmental problems, network and benefit greatly from new media, their performance with forward emerged . new media's most important role is to create new representations and opposition to announce political voices. (22)(Karagöz,2013).
This ideas depends on participatory emancipations in the region. During the Arab Spring period, social media can creates moral implications in the countries. Therefore, social Media compose of dissent political community. Subsequently, this political community creates and appeared free political and civil ideas in the Middle East. This ideas depends on emancipatory concepts in the Critical Theory structure. Emanciapatory concepts covers Arab spring essence.
People transfomrs their ideas and they can freely actualizes their social movements. Emanciapatory concepts provides and supported this issues. But, the most important values of Emancipatory ideas. This ideas puts on limits of political community movements. In this regard, critical theory thought whole people interest in International Relations. This is human emancipation. Emanciapation cocncept compose of main importance structure of Ciritical Theories.
We can say that after the Arab spring, politically emancipation concpets appeared in the region. Social media provides of this situaitons. For example: Tunis. After the Arab spring people can established governmernt their reguest in the Tunis. Therefore, Emancipatory ideas clearly emerged during and after Arab Spring period in th region. It's deeply seems that,
Ciritical Theory have more detailed structure in the International relations and they examines more detiled of Arab Spring than the other theories.Finally , we can summerize in the article. Because we need to this concept in the article many concpet appeared and established relations. Our goal is to make our work more understandable with this section.
We can examined Arab Spring and Critical Theory Relations in the International Relations.As everybody understand, my case study is Arab spring. My research question is: Which concept effects of Arab spring and Critical Theory Relations? . In this regard, under the this question we can examines role of media affects during the ''Arab Spring period ''.And then we did emphasize our topics in the studies. This is, the proliferation of social media, such as Facebook, Twiter and YouTube, presents new, powerful communication tools capable of influencing political opnions and policy decisions.
Once again, above mentioned on this situations beacuse, Arab Spring affected above mentioned situations. Because, this internet communication tools has spread revolution ideas in the region. People seems and learns every informations of this communication tools. We clearly emphasize of social media and information relations: This ages have huge relations to the information.Information ideas establishes comminication between gropus in the society.Hence, social media concepts play important role in the countries. Because,social media provides comminication in the society.
In the study, we emphasized shortly to the linguistic landscape issues. In here, we can detailed mephasizes this situations .The other important values is linguistic landscape, code, and symbolic meanings. Linguistic landscape,code and symbol values provides collective learning process. During the Arab Spring period, social media organs spreads this ideas in the region and the world. According to me, social media built a bridge between language and communication. Critical Theory is intrested in knowledge that will lead to emancipation. Emancipation was about extending the realm of moral understanding and justice in human life.
Similiar values appeared in the Middle East region in 2010. This values hold together and they creates Arap Spring concepts. It's deeply seems that, Ciritical Theory perspectives gives correct results of Arab Spring research ın the International Relations. Because, Cirtical Theory notions and Arab Spring period overlaped each other. According to me, the other theories remains shallow evaluating to the Arab Spring ideas. Realism,Liberalism and Marxisim consider secondary plan and the passive position of human factors.
However, Ciritical Theory use of social media and they examines humans, humans conditions and social structures in the region.Critical Theory stated human factors need to be examined as a priority.Subesguently, humans creates political movements in the country.Finally, we can said that Critical Theory overlaped many ideas in the International System.This studies seems to this concepts.In contrary of Antonio Gramsci ideas, Jurgen Habermas proves that this perspective in the Ciritical Theory structure.
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