Meguro Language Center !"#$"%&'
()* + ,-./ 012304256789:;<=0>2?@5A167B
0123GF>04235H
&ç>Tè <8I<8J;<=012K042K67L7MNOPQR1ST678GD7U7VF <8I<8J;<=012K042K67L7MNOPQR 1ST678GD7U7VF>0123GF>0423 >0123GF>0423 é5H<8I<89:;<= ()*>+GêGë1ì£í£-.VbMN<\]Rn†5EB4LïX 5ð]GD75ñVòó()*ê5E8Ã8KLZ[>\]G Specifiy G New information G0^1^4^2> ô042W ï\õ1_9aCKõCb=012NH<8_…8K042Cö]MK> ï\õ1_9aCKõCb=012NH< 8_…8K042Cö]MK>K_`abEGD>÷K_ K_`abEGD>÷K_ structure G0^4_`abc structureG0^1^4_`abc structureGModifying the
`ab=D>¯PBK>1042:…lLF>0423G012:…lLF>0123GD7L5kP042GConditional clause >042Gdef>042G [feeling]4EabGbutGPreliminary >042 ù?úûC¾P35XYEab= 1.
gW hi;j, 1 /kBlCb3= Topic mW nlE, 4 /hiCb= Specifiy
2.
QW :7, 4 /oaEl3= Unknown subject AW pq;j, 4 /oaEl= Unknown subject >Z[>\] QW pq;j, 1 /FrstoaEl3= Topic,XY/
3.
QW uvwvNxyNGkzL, 4 /< structure 0¤ 0¤1 1xy>{P4<{P, 4 /<
4.
mW |v}~v>•€, 1 /a`aEl3= Topic ‚W |v}~v>ƒ, 1 /a`aEl4GQ„, 1 /a:a…8
Topic, Contrast
5.
‡ˆ)>I‰Š, 1 /‹ŒŽ‘’>“”uv–, 4 /—˜Cb=
6.
™š;j, 4 /›œ5žMjCb…8=]…=™š;j, 4 /›œ5žM>Ÿ
7.
Yƒ, 1 /r, 4 /_`a†j=›¡, 4 /¢£_M>C=
8.
¤, 4 /¥¦v’(§¨5?žl©ª, 1 /G «E98¬9r, 4 /B<3LCb=
9.
¤, 1 /®C, 1 /¯9°±V²`ab, 4 /G³´µ¶·¸¥C, 1 /{Njk
0^1 0^ 1^4^2> structure
Specifiy
New information
0^1 0^ 1^4_`abc structure
Topic
0^1 0^ 1^4_`abc structure
Topic
Modifying the noun >042
but
Contrast
²`a†jCEl=¹ºv»v(C, 1 /laV¼J½5¾
Contrast
Topic, Contrast
10. AW ÀE<±5Á…l…8ÂÃaEl¿kGÄ7, 4 /D>±Cb3=
Specifiy 012:…lL Topic,XY/
BW ]]GDPBjCb¯= AW Ä7, 1 /ŵÆ>Cb¯Ç= Topic,XY/
BW <<]GÄ7, 1 /–»È>Cb=É, 1 /ŵÆ>V²…8
Topic,XY/Gcontast
11. œÊ, 4 /ËÌE8042
ab=¤,
Topic,XY/
/Ä>ÎÏ5пѣÄNVB…8< 012Topic 042Specifiy, New information
/ÍœÊ>ҥȵ–5Eab=
12. ¤, 4 /042
Conditional clause >042
13. ×Ø, 1 /G
def>042
ÜCbÇ=
Preliminary >042
Specifiy
14. ÝW Þƒ, 1 /Ã7
ßW 0Þƒ, 1 /2…8GkP
15. ¤, 4 /ƒãVol>, 1 /Gƒãä5åæbMlžC1_`a†j= Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
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Meguro Language Center !"#$"%&'
()* ê ,-./ 1.
_>¥–§µ, 1 /ÙvüÒ“ºv, 4 /I structure
2.
AW _ýB<¯=±, 4 /oM¯= BW __=_`4NP=˜, 4 /þ3B3…l= def>042
3.
¤1uvwv, 1 /ÿ!ab4Gxy, 1 /ÿ!a†j=
4.
¤, 1 /®"V, 1 /¬ÃaEl¿kG#$V, 1 /¬…lÄN, 4 /_`a†j=
5.
ÓßN, 1 /›…lÄN,
6.
QW kPE8Þ%>|v}~vV¬3B
Contrast
Contrast
Contrast
Topic
Contrast
Contrast
Contrast
/_`a†j=
042W0^4_`abc structure 012WContrast
AW &', 4 /(˜Cb3L= New information
7.
0^4_`abc structure
/_`ab4GÓN, 1 /›…lÄN,
¤, 1 /GPz>›œ, 1 /ŵuµV ) œ5 * …l{P, 4 /<
Topic
0^1^4^2> structure
, 4but/GœÊ, 1 /Òµ+¦v¸>{P, 4 /<
0^1^4^2> structure
8.
,C-B., 4 /EaElÇ= [feeling]4Eab
9.
KEGÓ, 4 /olLG¤, 1 /¬3B042
Topic,XY/
10. _>—, 4 /0jC, 1 /Ä>Ø9Cb= Topic,XY/
Modifying the noun >042
11. 1:z, 4 /PzVol>CG-., 4 /CÃa†jCEl= 0^1^4^2> structure
New information
12. ¤, 4 /ÓVXYEab3LG2Û, 1 /XYEB98K<
Specifiy
13. -., 4 /CÃB3…l>, 1 /G×Ø, 1 /3ƒG 45 C&V6M>, 4 /++r Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
st:…l3LCb=
0^1^4^2> structure
Topic, Contrast
14. ×ØG 45 , 4 /7]l>, 1 /G{3>œ 8, 4 /ž8¤>ÎÏ, 4 /7]l
3LCb=
def>042
Topic,XY/
New information
def>042
15. Ä>uµ9ºvÈv, 1 /¥9v:, 4 /;98< structure
but
>ab¯Ç=KP?E<=, 4 /@3…lLÁ
0^1^4^2> structure
0^1^4^2> structure
16. AW Ç]GÄ>AGBj:3-Bá, 4 /EB
[feeling]4Eab
BW P^jGBV-Bá, 1 /EB<¿kGzî…N-BVI<, 4 /bM!l<= [feeling]4Eab
Topic, Contrast
17. KE_>rG¤, 4 /GÓß, 4 /*…lC©5DEB3…lLG¤, 1 /ÓßNFG Conditional clause >042
Topic,XY/
Modifying the noun >042
E8, 1 /GIJö…8GC©, 4 /bs Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
0^1^4^2> structure
9$ K:…l3LCb=Óß, 4 /¤5 Hj:©ª, 1 /G¤, 4 /Óß, 4 /*… Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
Modifying the noun >042
l C©5 DE8L, 4 /GMkK!l structure
18. ¤, 4 /¶”NµO5Pžl>, 1 /G×ØGzî…NIB3, 4 /Ë8Ãl3LCb= Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
def>042
19. AW {LG_7, 4 /GÞƒG¤lz, 4 /QaMÅ}¸Cb¯= Specifiy, YZ [ \]^_`abc\_
Modifying the noun >042
BW __G_>R
Modifying the noun >042G0U4VÃde
AW <<]G_7, 1 /(WCb¯= D>GNB`Cb¯= Topic,XY/
BW ]]…?? ãXV?? _7, 4 /?? (W>{P, 4 /Ã7
Specifiy
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Meguro Language Center !"#$"%&'
()* ë ,-./ 1.
¤, 1 /“v*fvg, 1 /VhÃCb¿kG“v*, 1 /hÃC1_`a†j=
2.
Ó, 4 /¬3B
3.
SONY, 4 /ËElÀE
4.
Ä7, 1 /¤, 4 /êmnVB…lNÃVGo, 4 /Á…897lrpCb=
5.
o, 4 /*…897l qvÈv, 4 /ƒãVr, 1 /ësCEl=
6.
Óß, 4 /H$V_`ab¯=
7.
¤, 4 /ƒãVo8už8Qa…l>, 1 /G1:z, 4 /vwE897lxyV
Contrast
Topic
Conditional clause >042
0^1^4^2> structure
Modifying the noun >042 Topic
Modifying the noun >042
Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
Modifying the noun >042
Modifying the noun >042
Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
Topic,XY/
Modifying the noun >042
Modifying the noun >042
_MÅ}¸Cb=D>NÃ, 1 /ƒãä, 4 /z9{3`a†jCEl= Topic, Contrast
8.
0^1^4^2> structure
AW &', 4 /|}~V¬Ãl4…8CGÞ•Gì€L<‚!, 4 /ƒ7 New information
0^1^4 potential verb2> structure
lLG¬ÄPNOPjCb, 4 /GFs„, 4 /I…žCb3= Unknown subject
Preliminary >042
BW DPCbÇ=¤, 1 /†>|}~, 4 /hÃBjCb, 4 /G‡K< structure
but, Preliminary >042
, 1 /¥gv, 4 /hÃBjCG?…Ú`+s3ês, 4 /< structure
0^1^4^2> structure
O5bMBLGˆs, 4 /×ÜCbÇ=ˆs, 1 /‰, 4 /Ã7
0^1^4^2> structure
AW DPCb3=CKGˆs, 1 /Š¬‹>“f‘–, 4 /ƒ`V9 structure 0ƒ`V9<21«¬f
BW Žs>!, 1 /E
Topic,XY/
9.
Topic, Contrast
Ã>P, 1 /1:z, 4 /&]897l¥–§µV¬…ljCb, 4 /Gbs9¯3 Topic,XY/
Modifying the noun >042
Preliminary >042
…lCb¯=Ä7, 4 /DÄ>|µü‘–Cb= New information, Specifiy
10. ¤, 4 /&V6…8:5“¿¯PNElNÃG!3L°Ö>”¸>., 4 /ÂÄ]8
Modifying the noun >042
def>042
, 4 /Pa96LB98G?…N:, 4 /“042
def>042
>”¸, 1 /a…8
Topic 042:…lLdef>042
11. Ó, 4 /UFO 5–l>, 1 /GzîPk—>—lz, 4 /}µ–>!CGÓ, 4 /Ñ Modifying the noun >042
Topic,XY/
Modifying the noun >042
Modifying the noun >042
…8Ãl˜v™CšjC—, 1 /:7K–B3…lDPCb= Topic,XY/, Contrast
12. Ä>œ, 1 /G¤, 4 /žN`CŒÆ5Ÿ¬E8
Modifying the noun >042
, 4 /…897lœCb=D>—, 1 /¡—, 4 /ŒÆ—B>CGÓßV›< Modifying the noun >042
0^1^4^2> structure
VŒÆVolNö…8 structure
Topic, Contrast
13. ¤, 4 /ƒãVolrV, 1 /£1+:¸++m£L042
Topic,XY/, Contrast
+¤m£VB…8Ea
but, Preliminary >042
14. Pz>›œ, 1 /¥C, 1 /<
Contrast
def>042
¤>$¦, 1 /MkK, 4 /CGr§‚!5ƒ…8œ 0^1^4_`abc structure
8VN…8, 1 /¿…ÄPªE
but, Preliminary >042
Topic,XY/, Contrast
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