CHRONIC SPORTS INJURIES GROUP 2 PPPHC 00L MB;BS/BDS
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES CHRONIC SPOR SPORTS TS INJURIE INJURIES: S: TYPES INVESTIGA INVESTIG ATION OF O F CHRONIC CHRO NIC SPOR S PORTS TS INJURIES PREVENTION OF CHRONIC SPORTS INJURIES CONCLUSION REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
What is a sport? any individual or group competitive activity involving physical ex exertion ertion or skill, governed by rules, and sometimes engaged in professionally. Examples include tennis, hock hockey, ey, boxing, gymnastics, athletics and of course football. §
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What is an injury? physical damage to the body or a body
INTRODUCTION contd
What Are Sports Injuries? The term sports injury, in the broadest sense, refers to the kinds of injuries that most commonly occur during sports or exercise. Some sports injuries result from accidents; others are due to poor training practices, improper equipment, lack of conditioning, or insufficient warm up and stretching. Common types of sports injuries include muscle sprains and strains strains,, tear of tendons and ligaments, ligaments, dislocations and fractures
TYPES OF SPOR SPORTS TS INJUR INJURY Y
There are two broad categories of sportsrelated relate d injuries — acute and chronic Acute injuries occur from a single, welldefined incident, such as dislocating your shoulder during a fall or twisting your ankle while running. Sprains and dislocations are
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURY contd
Chronic injuries result from an accumulation of damage to the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments and tendons. Chronic injuries are generally considered lifestyle-threatening lifestyle-threatening injuries — that is, they inhibit your ability to perform many of your normal activities. Tennis elbow and stress fractures fr actures (a fracture caused by repeated stress on the bone) are both examples of chronic injuries.
TYPES OF SPORTS INJURY contd
Signs of acute sports injury include sudden severe pain, swelling, inability to place weight on a lower limb, extreme extr eme tenderness in an upper limb, visible dislocation or break b reak of bone. Signs of chronic sports injury include pain when performing activity, dull ache at rest and swelling.
CHRONIC SPORTS SPOR SPORTS TS INJURY INJUR INJURY Y (CSI) (C SI)
Chronic injuries usually result from overusing one area of the body while playing a sport or exercising over a long period. Often Ofte n overuse injuries seem less important than acute injuries. If left untreated, a chronic injury will probably get worse over time.
TYPES OF CSI
These include: stress fractures — tiny cracks in the bone's surface often caused by repetitive repetit ive overloading (such as in the feet of a basketball player who is continuously jumping on the court) tendinitis — inflammation of the tendon caused by repetit repetitive ive stretching epiphysitis or apophysitis — growth plate overload injuries.
INVESTIGATIONS
There are several investigative modalities used in sports medicine. However, the most useful in evaluating CSIs include: X-rays MRI Ultrasonography Electromyography Bone scan Arthrography
TREATMENT
Treatment of chronic sports injury is in two phases, short term and long term
Short term i. Rel elat ativ ive e or com compl plet ete e res restt ii. Drugs e.g. NSAIDS, topica topicall anaesthe anaesthetics, tics, steroids iii.Electrical stimulation iv.Muscle stretching v. Iontop Iontophor horesis, esis, phonophor phonophoresis, esis, ice vi.
TREATMENT contd Long term i. Prop oper er sh shoe oe wea eari ring ng ii. Str Streng ength th tra traini ining ng iii.Activity iii.Activit y modification iv.. Orthototic intervention iv v. Nutri Nutrition tion counse counselling lling and weigh weightt management vi.Surgery for refractory cases
PREVENTION
Like most other pathologies, CSIs can be prevented by several measures which include: Avoid bending knees kne es past 90 degrees when whe n doing half knee bends. Avoid twisting knees k nees by keeping feet as flat as possible during stretches. When jumping, land with your knees bent. Do warm up exercises not just before vigorous activities like running, but also before less vigorous ones such as golf. Don’t overdo.
PREVENTION contd
Do warm up stretches before activity ac tivity.. Stretch the Achilles tendon, hamstring, and quadriceps areas and hold the positions. Don’t bounce. Cool down following vigorous sports. For For example, after after a race, walk or walk/jog for five minutes so your pulse comes down gradually.
PREVENTION contd Wear properly fitting shoes that provide shock absorption and stability. Use the softest exercise surface available, and avoid running on hard surfaces like asphalt and concrete. Run Run on flat surfaces. Running uphill may increase the stress on the Achilles tendon and the leg itself.
CONCLUSION
The unprecedented level in popularity over the last few decades of increased participation in athletic sporting events has led directly to an increase in chronic overuse sports injuries. It remains in the medical/health personnel’s domain to properly identify and assist the athlete in correcting these conditions to treat, prevent, and possibly reverse the detrimental effects. As always, prevention is always the best treatment but, failing that, the next best thing is proper and successful rehabilitation.
REFERENCES 1. Micr Microsof osoftt Encarta Encarta 2009 2009 2. Tri Rivers surgical associates associates inc. 3. U.S departmen departmentt of health health and human human services. 4. Chronic overuse sports injuries by Dr. Dr. Elmer Pinzon 5.
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X-ray showing periosteal new bone formation indicative of a stress fracture
