Table of Contents 1.Purpose of City HRIDAY Plan ................................................................................................................................... 1 2.Introduction to the City .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1
Introduction
2.2
History
2.3 Regional Settings 2.4 Physiography and Climate 2.5 Forest and Bio Diversity 2.6 Demography 2.7 Tourist Footfall 2.8 Economy 2.9 Tourism Infrastructure 3.Appraisal of Listed Heritage, Recognised Tourist and Cultural Assets of the City ......................... 38 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Appraisal of Identified Assets 3.3 Mapping of the Assets 4. Review of Existing Initiatives .............................................................................................................................. 64 4.1 Review of Master Plans, CDP, Zonal Plan, Regional Plan 4.2 Existing Policies of Central and State Government applicable to the city 4.3 Existing and upcoming investment possibilities 4.4 Projects undertaken by ULB on development of the assets and its surroundings 5. Stakeholder Consultation ...................................................................................................................................... 74 6. Projection & Infrastructure Gap Assessment (city level) ......................................................................... 80 6.1. Tourists Projection 6.2. Broad Projection for Tourism Tou rism Infrastructure 6.3. Broad Projection for Urban Infrastructure 6.4. Gap Analysis 7. Prioritisation of Assets ......................................................................................................................................... 116 8. Civic Infrastructure Development Plan ......................................................................................................... 121 I. Akbari Kila and Soniji ki Nasiyan (including Badshahi Haveli and Lodha Haveli) 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Introduction to Delineated Heritage Area 8.1.2. Assessment of heritage area 8.1.3 Base Map 8.2 SWOT Analysis
8.3 Trends and Forecast 8.3.1 Tourists Projection 8.3.2 Projection of Tourism Infrastructure 8.3.3 Projection of Urban Infrastructure 8.3.4 Gap Analysis 8.4 Stakeholder Consultation 8.5 Proposed Plan II. Anasagar and Foysagar Lakefronts 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Introduction to Delineated Heritage Area 8.1.2. Assessment of heritage area 8.1.3 Base Map 8.2 SWOT Analysis 8.3 Trends and Forecast 8.3.1 Tourists Projection 8.3.2 Projection of Tourism Infrastructure 8.3.3 Projection of Urban Infrastructure 8.3.4 Gap Analysis 8.4 Stakeholder Consultation 8.5 Proposed Plan III. Dargah with surrounding areas 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Introduction to Delineated Heritage Area 8.1.2. Assessment of heritage area 8.1.3 Base Map 8.2 SWOT Analysis 8.3 Trends and Forecast 8.3.1 Tourists Projection 8.3.2 Projection of Tourism Infrastructure 8.3.3 Projection of Urban Infrastructure 8.3.4 Gap Analysis 8.4 Stakeholder Consultation 8.5 Proposed Plan IV. Brahma Temple and Pushkar Lake 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Introduction to Delineated Heritage Area
8.1.2. Assessment of heritage area 8.1.3 Base Map 8.2 SWOT Analysis 8.3 Trends and Forecast 8.3.1 Tourists Projection 8.3.2 Projection of Tourism Infrastructure 8.3.3 Projection of Urban Infrastructure 8.3.4 Gap Analysis 8.4 Stakeholder Consultation 8.5 Proposed Plan V. Edward Memorial and Railway Station (with road) 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Introduction to Delineated Heritage Area 8.1.2. Assessment of heritage area 8.1.3 Base Map 8.2 SWOT Analysis 8.3 Trends and Forecast 8.3.1 Tourists Projection 8.3.2 Projection of Tourism Infrastructure 8.3.3 Projection of Urban Infrastructure 8.3.4 Gap Analysis 8.4 Stakeholder Consultation 8.5 Proposed Plan 9. Creation of Shelf of Projects ............................................................................................................................... 250 10. Investment Plan and source of Funding ..................................................................................................... 255 10.1. Project Costing 10.2. Project Phasing 10.3. Source of Funding 11. Implementation Plan & Monitoring Mechanism ........................................... ...................... .......................................... ......................................... ...................... 260 12. Promotion Program and Marketing Strategies .......................................... ...................... ......................................... .......................................... ......................... .... 263 13. Strategies for Operation and Maintenance ........................................ ................... .......................................... ......................................... ................................... ............... 265 14. City specific Toolkits creation ......................................................................................................................... 267 14.1. Area- wide Urban Guideline Toolkit 14.2. Public Streetscape Guideline Toolkit 14.3. Building Guideline Toolkit 14.4. Pallete Creation for various components
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are extremely grateful to the following for their vision, guidance and feedback in the making of the City HRIDAY Plan for Ajmer: Honorable Minister, Urban Development, Government of India Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India Joint Secretary, Works, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India and Mission Director for HRIDAY Scheme Director, HRIDAY, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India Principal Secretary, Local Self Government, Government of Rajasthan Collector, City of Ajmer, Rajasthan CEO and Commissioner, Ajmer Nagar Nigam, Ajmer Various concerned government officials of MCA as well as local residents of Ajmer for their cooperation cooperation and participation.
List of Tables Table 1: Primary heritage assets for the city Table 2: Shelf of projects identified for each influence zone after a detailed assessment of tourism and infrastructure gaps Table 3: Population Growth of Ajmer Table 4: Occupational distribution, Census 2001 Source: Ajmer Master Plan 2001-2003 Table 5: Accommodation available in Ajmer. Source: Rajasthan Tourism Department, Ajmer January 2006 Table 6: Workers in Pushkar Town, Census 2001 Table 7: (Reference: Naya Bazaar Inclusive Urban Renewal- Detailed Project Report, prepared by CEPT for World Bank, City Development Plan, INTACH Listing for Ajmer and IGNCA Listing for Ajmer and on site mapping Table 8: (Reference: Pushkar Inclusive Urban Renewal- Detailed Project Report, prepared by CEPT for World Bank, City Development Plan, Post -Graduate Thesis on Pushkar Ghats prepared by Neha Saxena for SPA, Delhi) Table 9: Reference: Pushkar Inclusive Urban Renewal- Detailed Project Report, prepared by CEPT for World Bank, City Development Plan, Pushkar as well as PostGraduate Thesis on Pushkar Ghats prepared by Neha Saxena for SPA, Delhi Table 10: Summary of capital investment in Ajmer (Source: CDP) Table 11: Summary of capital investment in Pushkar (Source: CDP) Table 12: Source: AMC Table 13: Projects implemented in Ajmer Table 14: (Reference: http://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Rajasthan/Abouthttp://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Rajasthan/AboutRajasthan/RajasthanGraph/Statistic Rajasthan/RajasthanGraph/Statistics-Of-Tourist.aspx) s-Of-Tourist.aspx) Table: 15 Projected tourist Arrivals in Rajasthan Table 16: (Reference: http://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Rajasthan/Abouthttp://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Rajasthan/AboutRajasthan/RajasthanGraph/City-wise.aspx) Table 17: City wise Tourism Data for Ajmer Pushkar Between 2 007-2012 Table 18: Rajasthan-Tourist visitor Growth Table 19: Proposed projected tourist arrivals in Ajmer & Pushkar Table 20: Tourist information offices in Merwara-Marwar circuit Table 21: Municipal Roads in Ajmer Table 22: Service level Benchmark (LOS-1) Table 23: Role and responsibility responsibility of agencies involved in management management of City transport Table 24: Status of Water Water Supply service levels Table 25: Zone Wise Coverage of Households Table 26: Status of sewerage network and Service Levels Table 27: Status of Ongoing/ Sanctioned projects Table 28: Major storm water discharge points (Water Bodies) in Ajmer Table 29: Flood prone points in the city Table 30 : Status of Storm Water Level service levels Table 31: Sewerage Works undertaken in Dargah Area Table 32: Sewage Generation and Treatment Demand Table 33: Status
Table 34 : Demand Assessment Table35: Water Demand Ajmer Municipal Council Table 36: Demand Gap Assessment for Water Supply Sector Table 37: Sewerage Demand Ajmer Municipal Council Table 38: Solid Waste Demand Ajmer Municipal Council Table 39: Table 39: List of key Heritage Assets Table 40: The prioritized assets Table 41: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 1 Table 42: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 2 Table 43: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 3 Table 44: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 4 Table 45: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 5 Table 46: Proposed building heights Table 47: Styles and influences in the region
List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing location of Rajasthan state and Ajmer district (no.17) highlighted Source: wikipedia.org Figure 2: Ajmer District, Source: Maps of India Figure 3: Entrance gateway to the Taragarh Fort as photographed by Baudesson in 1885 (Source- British Library online- www.bl.uk.org) Figure 3: Entrance gateway to the Taragarh Fort as photographed by Baudesson in 1885 (Source- British Library online- www.bl.uk.org) Figure 4: Anasagar Lake, constructed during Arnoraj Chauhan’s reign and modified by the Mughals and later during the Colonial period in Ajmer. Photographed by Lala Deen Dayal in 1885 (Source: British Library online) Figure 5: Jahangir receives Prince Khurram (later Shah Je han) at Ajmer on his return from the Mewar Campaign (Source: Wikimedia Commons) Figure 6: Gate of the Ajmere Fort, at the window of which the Emperor Jehangir used to show himself photographed in1880 (Source: British Library Online) Figure 7: Photograph of carved balconies, Patwan Seth's house, Ajmer, photographed in 1880. Houses like these originated in the sixteenth century but underwent paradigm shifts in evolution over the next three centuries. (Source: British Library Online) Figure 8: Chishti’s Tomb in Ajmer (Source: British Library Online) Figure 9: Birds eye view of the residency Ajmer as seen in 1880 (Source: Imperial Gazetteer) Figure 10: A Colonial Map of Ajmer (Source: www.elib.utexas.org) Figure 11: The Walled City of Ajmer seen in the nineteenth century (Ajmer History Online) Figure 12: The Dargah and its surroundings as seen in 1880 (Source: British Library Online) Figure 13: Aerial view of Ajmer in 1880’ s by Lala Deen Dayal (British Library Online) Figure 13: Urban growth in Ajmer post 1954 (Source: Preparation of Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA), Ajmer) Figure 14: Pilgrims in Ajmer during Urs 2015 Fig 15: Historic View of Buda Pushkar View of Buda Pushkar after renovation Fig. 16: Historic View of Madhya Pushkar and Present view of Madhya Pushkar Figure 17: Historic View of Pushkar Raj with lotuses and Present view of Pushkar Raj Figure 18: Old Rangji Temple, Pushkar Figure 19: Map showing linkage of Pushkar with important towns Figure 20: Map showing physical setting of Pushkar Figure 21: Pushkar Camel Fair 2015 Figure 22: Map showing the location of lakes Figure 23: Map showing the Forest areas and hill formations Figure 24: Mapping of listed Heritage Assets of Ajmer Figure 25: Mapping of listed Heritage Assets of Pushkar Figure 26: Land use and Investment maps in Ajmer Master Plan Figure 27: 3rd CLAMC meeting in Ajmer for approval of HRIDAY Plan
Figure 28: Mr. Akshay Bindal, jewellery shop owner, Naya Bazzar and Figure 29: Mr. Surendra Lakhotiya, Rajasthan Education Board (2 of the interviewed residents) Figure 30: Mr. Charu Tiwari, tourist from Nainital Figure 31: Mr. Sameer, tourist from Haldwani Figure 32: Reference: Tourism Perspective Plan 2020, Department Of Tourism, Ministry of Tourism, Art and Culture-Government of India. Figure 33: Kazi ka Nallah Figure 34: Anasagar Escape Channel Figure 35: Solid Waste Dumping and Encroachment on Masuda Nadi Figure 36: Map showing the areas in Ajmer and Pushkar for 5 Priority Heritage Assets Figure 37: Map showing location of heritage assets in the Ajmer-Pushkar region along with the prioritised assets (Detailed map in Annexure A) Figure 38: Map showing the location of the 5 selected priority heritage assets (Detailed map in Annexure A) Figure 39: Justification of influence zones around prioritized heritage assets (to be rotated) Figure 40: Akbari Qila Figure 41: Soniji ki Nasiyan Figure 42: Poor condition of existing public urinals Figure 43: Open drains in narrow galis raising hygiene concerns. Figure 44: Decharacterised heritage buildings- damaged facades, inconsistent signage, visual clutter due to hanging wires Figure 45: Base Map of facilities and infrastructure in the heritage area Figure 46: Images of heritage structures and infrastructure in the area Figure 47: News articles about the project Figure 48: Proposed location of parking lots and lights Figure 49: Proposed location of signage in the heritage walk Figure 50: Before and after illustration of roadside urinal at Nehar Mohalla Gali Figure 51: Images showing improvement in Naya Bazaar area with completion of work Figure 52: Existing image of Akbari Qila (Ajmer Kila) and surroundings area Figure 53: Proposed visual of Akbari Qila (Ajmer Kila) and surrounding areas after completion of proposed work Figure 54: Image showing existing condition of a building in the walled city area Figure 55: Image showing the building after proposed works have been completed Figure 56: Images showing improvement in the condition of the area with removal of hanging wires Figure 57: Proposed cover for open drains Figure 58: Proposed upgradation of existing urinals Figure 59: Proposed upgradation of water kiosks Figure 60: Delineation of Foysagar Lakefront Figure 61: Image showing unused open space next to Anasagar lake with potential to be developed into public space for the city of Ajmer Figure 62: Image showing garbage dumped next to the lake Figure 63: Images showing garbage dumped in Anasagar Lake making it visually unappealing and unhygienic
Figure 64: Anasagar Lakefront Figure 65: Foysagar Lakefront Figure 66: Base Map of Anasagar Lakefront (Part 1) Figure 67: Base Map of Anasagar Lakefront (Part 2) Figure 68: Base Map of Foysagar Lakefront Figure 69: Map with images of the Anasagar Lakefront Figure 70: Map with images of Foysagar Lakefront Figure: 71: Press coverage Figure 72: Press Coverage Figure 73: Proposed plan of Ansagar Lakefront (Part 1) Figure 74: Proposed plan of Anasagar Lakefron (Part 2) Figure 75: Proposed plan of Foysagar Lakefront Figure 76: Images showing concept design of Culture Park at Subhash Udyan Figure 77: Image showing existing condition of one stretch of the Anasagar lakefront Figure 78: Image showing the proposed public realm developed along the Anasagar lake Figure 79: Images showing redeveloped lakefront of Anasagar Figure 80: Images showing redeveloped lakefront of Anasagar Figure 81: Images showing improvement in Ana sagar Lakefront after proposed work Figure 82: Images showing improvement in Foysagar Lakefront after proposed work Figure 83: Dargah Sharif Figure 84: Delhi Gate Figure 85: Images showing condition of Dargah surroundings and Bazaar Figure 86: Image showing the location of heritage area Figure 87: Base Map of Dargah Heritage Area Figure 88: Map with images of Dargah Area Figure 89: Proposal plan for Dargah Bazaar Area Figure 90: Images showing improvement in the Dargah area Figure 91: Brahma Temple, Pushkar Figure 92: Pushkar Sarovar Figure 93: Old Rangji Temple, Pushkar Figure 94: Open drains in heritage walk area Figure 95: Unhygienic condition of existing toilets Figure 96: Cloth covering over the streets disturbing the elevation of historic facades. Figure 97: Assessment of Heritage Area Figure 98: Base Map of facilities and infrastructure in the heritage area Figure 99: On going demolition of a historic facade with intricate jail work & addition of multiple floors above the Laxmi Market/ Old Rang ji temple gateway Figure 100: Press coverage Figure 101: Façade upgradation of heritage assets (and private havelis) on the proposed heritage walk Figure 102: Proposed location of signage (Source: CEPT University DPR) Figure 103: Images showing improvement in the area after completion of proposed work Figure 104: Images showing improvement in the area after completion of proposed work Figure 105: Edward Memorial
Figure 106: Railway Station Figure 107: Inconsistent signage and shop fronts. Unorganised parking of two and four wheelers at the entrance of shops. Figure 108: No delineation of pedestrian and ve hicular area. No demarcated parking/stopping area Figure 109: Bad condition of existing urinals, broken drain covers and footpaths Figure 110: Unorganised informal street vending causes traffic and blocks the pedestrian space Figure 111: Images showing existing streets Figure 112: Map showing location of heritage area Figure 113: Base Map of Edward Memorial Heritage Area (Part 1) Figure 114: Base Map of Edward Memorial Heritage Area (Part 2) Figure 115: Map with images of the heritage area Figure 116: Newspaper article from CLAMC meeting in Ajmer on 8 th September 2015 Figure 117: Proposed plan of heritage area 5 (Part 1) Figure 118: Proposed plan of heritage area 5 (Part 2) Figure 119: Existing image of the area Figure 120: Proposed view of the road Figure 121: Sample images of proposed work Figure 122: Sample images of proposed work Figure 123: Shel of Projects 1-5 Figure 124: (Source:http://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Destinations/AjmerPushkar.aspx) Figure 125: Zone C Colonial Expansion Figure 126: Zone A Ajmer Walled City and Peripheries and Zone D Pushkar Figure 127: Elevation Lakshmi Chowk before and after Figure 128: Adaptive Reuse Figure 129: Walled area – Ajmer Figure 130: Jaipur Road (Major Arterial) Figure 131: Public / Pedestrian access promenades – Ajmer lakefronts Figure 131: Pushkar – Traditional Street Figure 132: SOURCE: CEPT – Naya Bazaar Heritage Walk Proposal Figure 133: Design for Water Kiosk Design Figure 134: Design for Dustbins Figure 135: Design for Interpretation Panels Figure 136: (Source: Journal of Environmental Research And Development Vol. 5 No. 1, July-September 2010, Impacts Of Proposed North- Western Railway Track (Ajmer To Pushkar) On Flora and Fauna of the Region Praveen Mathur, Yati Kachhawa*, Kriti Sharma and Sangeeta Patan. Department of Environmental Studies, M.D.S University Ajmer, (INDIA) )
ABBREVIATIONS
ADA – Ajmer Development Authority AMC –Ajmer Municipal Corporation ASI – Archaeological Survey of India AVVNL – Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. CEPT – Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology CHP - City HRIDAY plan CLAMC – City Level Advisory and Monitoring Committee CMD – City Mission Directorate CPHEEO - Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation CRDA - Capital Region Development Authority DRONAH – Development and Research Organisation for Nature, Arts and Heritage GOI – Government of India HCA - HRIDAY City Anchor ICLEI – International Centre for Local Environmental Initiatives IHCN – Indian Heritage Cities Network MCA – Municipal Corporation of Ajmer MOUD – Ministry of Urban development NIC – National Informatics Centre PHED – Public Health and Engineering Department STP – Sewage Treatment Plant XEN – Executive Engineer
SECTION 1 PURPOSE OF CITY HRIDAY PLAN
1.1. PURPOSE OF THE PLAN The city of Ajmer enjoys a unique status among the 12 identified cities under the HRIDAY scheme. In addition to being one of the most popular pilgrimage destinations, it showcases a very diverse range of built, natural and intangible heritage. It is also a heavily visited tourist centre in Rajasthan. The city has exemplary heritage sites signifying pr e-Mughal, Mughal, Rajput, Colonial and Indo-Saracenic styles of architecture. However, many of these sites have poor infrastructure, lack in visitor facilities and are not imageable in the overall urban fabric of the city.
While Ajmer has gone through some major infrastructure improvements in last 3-4 years specifically in Dargah area and overall city sewerage plus water supply utilising funds of approx. Rs. 400 crores under the past NURM scheme, the heritage areas of the city still remain under major stress with increasing density, deteriorating historic urban character and lack of visitor facilities. Reason for this stress is evident as per analysis of recent tourism trends in Ajmer that show an unusual growth of 47% in domestic tourists and 43% in foreign tourists between 2007-12 bucking the State Tourism which otherwise shows a decline for this period. It is also to be noted that while Ajmer itself shows an erratic increase in domestic tourism, there is considerably a slower growth rate of tourism in the Pushkar area. ‘
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The objective of t he HRIDAY Plan for Ajmer is to bring out the unique nature of Ajmer’s heritage by:
Identyfing and demarcating the various intangible and tangible heritage assets of the city,
Assessing the various infrastructure gaps in and around identified assets and then,
Through structured discussions with stakeholders,
Finalise a critical list of prioritised zones for improvement of infrastructure and showcase both intangible and tangible heritage.
Vision of Ajmer HRIDAY Plan: Ajmer HRIDAY plan envisages Ajmer-Pushkar twin cities as a haven for its pilgrim tourists with a sustainable –livable environment for its residents by rejuvenating their prime heritage assets namely Dargah Sahrif and surrounding area, Naya Bazzar with Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soniji ki Nasiyan, Lakefronts of Anasagar and Foysagar with Daulat Bagh, Edward Memorial zone and the Brahma Temple with Pushkar Sarovar. The HRIDAY plan clearly outlines infrastructure gaps and heritage conservation initiatives in the form of Civic Infrastructure Development Plan for each area. The HRIDAY plan once implemented will supplement the existing infrastructure gaps for these five culturally significant zones in terms of drainage, mobility, access, historic character legibility, tourist facilities etc. to ensure that the city transforms into an ambient, tourist and resident friendly environment enhancing its iconic landmarks and cultural identity. The customized Toolkit will further guide in new developments in the city thus ensuring that it retains it soul and historic character for long term.
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•Focusing on the Dargah Sharif and linked religious festivals such as Urs as a part of an embedded economy •Focusing on Brahma Temple in Pushkar
•Focusing on Ajmer as a Mughal Subah, Colonial sites and Rajputana merchant houses along with their urban context •Pushkar with Ghats
•Sufism as a theme for the city, along with other arts and craft forms, showcased within Ajmer's public spaces and bazaar streets and Pushkar Festival
AJMER & PUSHKAR AS A SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS DESTINATION
AJMER AS A PLACE OF INTANGIBLE HERITAGE
AJMER AS A STAGE FOR URBAN AND ARCHITECTURA L HERITAGE
AJMER AS A CITY OF NATURAL HERITAGE • With focus on the man made lakefronts to integrate the public space around them, promote open space activities and recreation as a form of tourism
Table 1: Primary heritage assets for the city and their influence zones are:
S.No. 1.
Influence Zone Naya Bazaar
2. 3.
Prioritised Assets Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soniji ki Nasiyan with historic residential fabric Anasagar and Foysagar Lakes Dargah Sharif and Delhi Gate
4.
Brahma Temple and Pushkar Lake
Brahma Temple and Ghat area
5.
Edward Memorial and Railway Station
Railway Station precinct
Lakefronts Dargah Bazaar Area
Final shelf of projects identified for each influence zone after a detailed assessment of tourism and infrastructure gaps is as below:
S. No
Prioritised Heritage Areas
Civic Infrastructure Development Plan
Project Components and Cost (under HRIDAY)
1.
Naya Bazaar Area including Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila), Soni ji Ki Nasiyan and other assets such as Ghee Mandi Road and Karakka Chowk with residential fabric of havelis
Extending visitor experience from Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soni ji ki Nasiyan to promote Heritage Walk for the influence area including other heritage assets with improvement in underground cabling, parking areas, signage, public toilets, street lighting and street furniture, application
Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk a. undergroun cabling and storm water drainage, road resurfacing b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets
Rs. 5.47 Crores
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of toolkit Lake cleaning and desilting besides lakefront development of untapped areas for improved visitor facilities. Development of recreational zones for tourists and residents around the lake and historic gardens and, to develop facilities such as toilets etc.
2.
Lakefronts: Anasagar and Foysagar including Daulat Bagh, Subhash Udyan, ghats and the Foysagar edge (local crafts and music festivals as intangible heritage)
3.
Dargah Bazaar Precinct including Ajmer Dargah Sharif, and other assets
Planning to cater for Pilgrims and Urs with improvement in underground services infrastructure specifically on the approach road to Dargah, pedestrian access, parking areas, signage, organised vendor spaces, public toilets, street lighting and street furniture, application of toolkit for better legibility.
4.
Pushkar Lake Precinct including Parikrama and Ghats and the vicinity of Brahma Temple, its access and environs
Plan proposes to promote Heritage Walk for the influence area around Brahma Temple and Lake including other heritage assets with improvement in underground services infrastructure, parking areas, signage, public toilets, street lighting and street furniture, application of toolkit
Lake Improvement and Lakefronts upgradation: a. Desilting and dredging of lakes c. Lakefront areas with seating, paving, dustbins, proper signage, lighting. d. walking/jogging track along lakefront and parking space Rs. 11 Crores Culture Park at Subhash Udyan (Exhibitions/ Haat for crafts ) Rs. 13.5 Crores Dargah Bazzar Upgradation (under PRASAD) a. underground cabling and storm water drainage, road resurfacing b. Facade lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, public toilets c. Conservation of facades d. Reorganising Tonga Parking zones, pedestrian access e. Delhi Gate Plaza paving, benches Rs. 6.75 Crores Pushkar Heritage Walk: a. underground wiring and storm water drainage, road resurfacing b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets Rs. 8.5 Crores
Table 2: Shelf of projects identified for each influence zone after a detailed assessment of tourism and infrastructure gaps
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1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN The HRIDAY Plan follows the template provided by NIUA, MoUD for HRIDAY cities.
Sections 1-3 of the HRIDAY plan establishes the background research and analysis that has gone into the identification and delineation of the prioritised assets, based on their heritage significance, period, type and current usage statistics. The following diagram shows the overall conceptual framework for distribution of identified heritage assets within Ajmer. Through stakeholder discussions, sites within Pushkar were added and incorporated into the overall HRIDAY plan as well.
Section 4-6 follows investigations into the current status of the city and its assets. Such an assessment re-examines the priority areas and assets based on their actual conditions today, including access to urban infrastructure, footfall and connectivity. An overlap of the two portions produced a finalised hierarchy of critical sites for improvement under HRIDAY which will both showcase the best of heritage and address the most critical areas in need of upgradation in the city. This is shown in the diagram below:
Prioritisation of Significant Heritage assets of Ajmer
Assessment of critical zones of Infrastructure at city level and around heritge zones and
PRIORITISATION OF ASSETS FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE
Section 8-13 finally detail out the manner in which each prioritised heritage assets and its surrounding will be improved over the period of the HRIDAY scheme. This includes a detail assessment of each asset, its influence area, current condition, proposed improvements / components and formulation of prioritised shelf of practical projects covering the various aspects of improvement.
Section 14 gives an overview of the proposed improvement components in the form of toolkits for area-wise upgradation. This is for the convenience of reviewing specific i tems of improvement covered under the HRIDAY Plan at a glance.
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SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE CITY HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT OF AJMER (AND PUSHKAR)
This section describes the historic, regional, geographical character of the city and establishes its significance.
2.1. INTRODUCTION (AJMER) With an area of over 55 square kilometres, Ajmer is the fifth largest city in Rajasthan and also one of its earliest urban centres. Located within the Ajmer District, Ajmer is approximately 135 km south of Jaipur and almost 400 km south west of Delhi, nestled within the Aravalli Hills. Ajmer has a population of around 551,360 in its urban agglomeration and 542,580 for the city according to the 2011 census datai. The strategic location of Ajmer between the cultural regions of Marwar and Mewar and its proximity to Delhi has made for a turbulent history resulting in complex layering of urban fabric. Home to the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, Ajmer is a leading centre for pilgrimage in India and attracts millions of visitors each year not only from a dedicated section of Muslims but across faiths. Furthermore, Ajmer is also closely linked with the historic town of Pushkar, located just eleven kilometres towards the North West of Ajmer. Pushkar is an ancient site for pilgrimage for Hindus since it is home to the Brahma Temple which is the only one of its kind within the country. It is for these reasons that Ajmer is eminently suitable for re-development and upgradation under the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme of Government of India, announced in 2015. Ajmer is also significant for its association with central events in Mughal-British history which forever changed the landscape of Indian history. It was in Ajmer that Sir Thomas Roe, as ambassador of King James I of England, had his audience with Emperor Jahangir on 19th January 1616 A.D in this city, leading to the establishing of the British Raj in India through the charter of free trading granted to the East India Company by the Emperor. It was also in Ajmer that Shah Jahan, on the death of Jahangir, proclaimed himself Emperor of India while returning from Udaipur and proceeding to Delhi in 1627 A.D. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the city emerged as a leading centre for higher education with premiere institutions such as the Mayo College, the Sophia School and the Government College being established within the city. Furthermore, due to the location of Ajmer on key trade routes, it also became one of the first regions to become well connected via the railways which had a role to play in it becoming an industrial centre as well.
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Figure 1 Map showing location of Rajasthan state and Ajmer district (no.17) highlighted Source: wikipedia.org
Figure 2: Ajmer District, Source: Maps of India
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2.2 HISTORY (AJMER) PRE-HISTORY OF AJMER AND PUSHKAR (MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGINS) Evidence of human settlements in the Ajmer region dates back to the Harrapan and Mohenjodarao civilizations. An inscription in the Brahmi script, dating to the pre-Ashokan period has been uncovered in the village of Barli, approximately 36 km from the city of Ajmer. The Padma Purana describes the creation of Pushkar as being a fortunate accident, when Lord Brahma, in search of a suitable location for a yajna (sacred ritual) dropped a lotus flower onto Earth. The lotus flower fell onto three locations, each known as Pushkar- Jyesth (elder), Madhya (central) and Kanishtha (younger) Pushkar. Each of these is located in what is now understood as Pushkar town, and it is the Kanishtha Pushkar around the large Lake Pushkar that forms most of the town’s
built fabric. Pushkar also finds mention in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Mauryan period in Ajmer-Pushkar region is sketchy- though it is most likely that Ajmer-Pushkar was under the Uttamabhadras who were in conflict with the Malava tribes that were migrating south-wards from the Punjab region. According to inscriptions found in Nashik city in Maharashtra, Ajmer lay within the influence of Nahpana from the Malava kingdom. Both Ajmer and Pushkar also had minor roles to play during the rising influence of Jainism and Buddhism, and Pushkar reportedly grew as a centre of Buddhist faith like Varanasi, Mathura and Gaya, and declined as Buddhism underwent a decline.
ORIGINS- CHAUHAN RAJPUTS AND CONFLICTS WITH THE DELHI SULATANATE (7 TH CENTURY-12 TH CENTURY AD) The exact origin of Ajmer as a Chauhan stronghold is still a matter of much debate. While the Rajputana Gazetteer ascribes the foundation of Ajmer as “Ajay Meru” to the seventh century during
the reign of Ajaypal Chauhan, the Rajasthan District Gazetteer indicates that the earlier seventh century settlement was insignificant and only came into some prominence under Ajayraj Chauhan, in 1170 AD. King Ajaipal or Ajaideva II, was the son of Samant Deva and the grandson of Vasudeva, who came to Sambhar from Ahichetrapur or Nagaur in Marwar. The village Ajaisar to the south of Foysagar commemorates his name, according to some unverified sources. Traditional stories regarding the origins of Ajmer make mention of a small town known as Inderkot at the foot of the Taragarh Hill, which exists even today as a residential colony. The Taragarh Fort itself is attributed to Ajaypal as well as Ajayraj, and it is unclear whether the references describe an earlier fortification or portions of the fort as it exists today. Some references describe Ajaymeru Durg which may refer to the Taragarh Fort. The Chauhans who were the rulers of Sapadlaksh ruled from the capital city of Sambhar during the sixth and seventh centuries and it is from Sambhar that the Chauhans made their way to Ajmer.
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Figure 3: Entrance gateway to the Taragarh Fort as photographed by Baudesson in 1885 (Source- British Library online- www.bl.uk.org) Ajayraj’s successor was his son Arnoraj (Ana) who is credited with the construction of the Anasagar
Lake in Ajmer sometime during the twelfth century. According to some sources, the lake was constructed as part of a purification ritual that the ruler carried out after intense bloodshed as a result of his conflict with the Turuskas who had invaded Ajmer. He also led some aggressive campaigns to expand his kingdom, clashing with the Malwa Empire, and leading expeditions into the Sindhu and Saraswati regions. However i t appears his success against the Chalukya Dynasty was limited.
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Figure 4: Anasagar Lake, constructed during Arnoraj Chauhan’s reign and modified by the Mughals and later during the Colonial period in Ajmer. Photographed by Lala Deen Dayal in 1885 (Source: British Library online) Vigraharaj IV, also known as Bisaldeva, who was A rnoraj’s grandson, ascended the throne in 1153 AD. He briefly gained control over Delhi from the Tomaras and extended his influence to Uttar Pradesh region right upto the Siwalik Hills. He established an institute of learning in Ajmer for Sanskrit literature which would later be converted into the Adhai din ka Jhompra during the thirteenth century. During Bisaldeva’s reign, Visalsagar was co nstructed
At this time, little is known about the developments in Pushkar, though it is widely believed that twelve ghats around the Lake were repaired by Raja Nahar Rao of the Pratiharas in Mandor, Jodhpur during the seventh and eighth centuries. These Ghats were what are now known as Saptrishi Ghat, Gurjar Ghat, Swarup Ghat, Vaishya Ghat (Hingor Mal ka Mahal), Kalyan Ghat, Brahma Ghat, Yagya Ghat, Gau Ghat, Badri Ghat, Panchdevri Ghat, Varah Ghat and 108 Mahadev Ghat. It was during the regime of Prithviraj Chauhan, in 1194, that Muhammad of Ghori invaded India. Ajmer remained under the Sultanate till 1326. Thereafter, it became a bone of contention between the Sultans of Delhi, the Ranas of Mewar, the Rathores of Marwar and the Sultans of Gujarat. Peace was restored with the accession of Akbar to the Mughal throne in 1556. He made Ajmer a full fledged province and the base for his operations in Rajputana. He fortified the city, but only parts of the 4045-yard (3735-m) long wall remain.
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In 1659 a battle was fought in Ajmer between the Mughal princes, Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh, during which Taragarh was significantly damaged. In the first half of the 18th century, Ajmer was affected by the political chaos in Delhi and the Scindia rulers of Gwalior took over the city. In 1755, the situation became more complex with the involvement of the Marathas. In 1818, finally the Marathas ceded Ajmer to Sir David Ochterlony and, as part of the British Empire; it remained under the care of successive superintendents.
Figure 5: Jahangir receives Prince Khurram (later Shah J ehan) at Ajmer on his return from the Mewar Campaign (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
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Figure 6: Gate of the Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila), at the window of which the Emperor Jehangir used to show himself photographed in1880 (Source: British Library Online) 1. The Pathans and Rajputs Prithviraj reigned for thirteen years from 1179 to 1192 AD and was the last Hindu emperor of India. In 1192 AD, Ajmer was taken by Sultan Shahabuddin Ghori. He destroyed the pillars and foundations of the idol temples. Visaldeva’s college was dismantled and a portion of it was
converted into a mosque to which Shamsuddin Altamash (1211-1236 AD) added the present screen of seven arches. Qutbuddin Aibak took possession of Ajmer and appointed a Muslim governor there in 1195 AD. During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Ajmer remained sometimes in the possessions of Sultans of Delhi and sometimes in that of the Maharanas of Mewar. Maharana Kshetra Singh of Chittor captured it between 1364 and 1382 AD. Ajmer remained under the Maharanas till 1455 AD, when war broke out between the Maharana of Mewar and Mahmud Khilji, Sultan of Mandu. He took possession of Ajmer and appointed Khwaja Niamatullah as the governor. Maharana Kumbha recaptured it and after his death, was again taken over by Mandu Sultan. A mausoleum over the tomb of Khwaja was built around 1464 AD. Mallu Khan, governor of Ajmer also built two Malusar tanks and a garden to the south of Ajmer, at the foot of the eastern spur of the Taragarh hill.
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Figure 7: Photograph of carved balconies, Patwan Seth's house, Ajmer, photographed in 1880. Houses like these originated in the sixteenth century but underwent paradigm shifts in evolution over the next three centuries. (Source: British Library Online) In 1535 AD, Rao Maldeva King of Mandor (Marwar) took possession of Ajmer (from Rao Vikramdeva of Merta), strengthened the fortress and built the half-finished water lift to carry water from the Chashma into the fort of Taragarh.
2. The Mughals Ajmer passed under the possession of Akbar in about 1558 AD. In 1569 AD, Ismail Kuli Khan, Akbar’s subedar at Ajmer, Built the Buland Darwaza. Akbar added the Akbari Masjid to the
Dargah in 1570 AD. He built a Phul Mahal, of which only the gateway remains at the back of the house of Seth Kalyan Mal Bhadagtia towards the Dhobi Mohalla. In 1571 AD, to improve the conditions of place, he ordered a strong wall (4045 yards in circumference) to be built around it and a palace to be erected for his own residence. This palace, called the Daulat Khana, is now known as the Magazine. He also built the Khas Bazaar, the present Dargah Bazaar. A gallery was built along the street from Daulat Khana to Dargah, for the convenience of royal ladies when they went out on foot. In 1643 AD, one Miya Bai built a mosque opposite the Motikatra while Tilokdi, daughter of Akbar’s famous musician , Tansen, built another in Dargah Bazaar in 1652
AD. During Akbar’s time, Ajmer was bounded by Delhi gate on the north, Bansphad Darwaza on the
east (western end of Naya Bazaar), Diggi Darwaza on the south (demolished in 1883 AD) and on the west by Tripoliya Gate. Thus, after a lapse of 376 years Ajmer began to recover under Akbar’s reign.
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Jahangir who came to the throne in 1605 AD, built the Daulat Bagh and erected palaces in it, which have since disappeared. In 1615 AD he repaired the Visla lake (which he called Bisal Tal) and built a palace on its bank. He also built a residence for him in Pushkar behind the Jodhpur Ghat. He also added a small mosque to the Dargah. Shah Jahan built the beautiful Baradaries (Mughal pavilions) standing on the Anasagar lake, in 1637 AD. He built the present mausoleum over the tomb of Khawaja and the Jama Masjid in the Dargah, both in white marble. He also repaired and extended the city walls and laid out a garden to the west of Anasagar known as Shah Jahani Bagh. During Aurangzeb’s reign, the Visla lake was destroyed in a war with Dara Shikoh and the fortress of Ajmer suffered great damage.
Figure 8: Chishti’s Tomb in Ajmer (Source: British Library Online) 3. The Marathas Under the Marathas, Ajmer saw redevelopment of many areas. In 1769 AD Chisti Chaman (garden) and Santupura Bazar was built outside Madar gate which was later demolished in 1803 AD by Bala Rao Inglia as it provided way to city morchas. The owners whose houses were destroyed, were given space within Akbar’s S arai inside Madar Gate. It was known as Ganpatpura. In 1791 AD, Sivaji Nana, governor of Ajmer built “Nana Sahib ka Jhalra” on the
Taragrh hill. Bala Rao built village Balapura near Madar Hill, strengthened fortifications, repaired
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the city wall and dug a trench around it. Bapu Scindhia, the last Maratha governor of Ajmer, (1816-1818 AD) built the Bapugarh and repaired the Bajrangarh temple.
4. The British The town flourished greatly under the British rule. The era saw immense construction, development of roads and gardens. The railway linked Ajmer with the United Provinces on the east, Punjab on the north, Bombay on the south and Sindh on the west. Since 1818 AD, town has been greatly extended. The Naya Bazaar was completed along with Moti Katra and Agra Gate was built in about 1820 AD. Mr. Cavendish built the street outside Madar Gate which was named as Cavendishpura & is one of the busiest street. He also enlarged the city wall near the old Diggi Darwaza & built the Usri Gate (1828-1831). Mr. Edmonstone (1834-36 AD) extended the Dargah Bazaar by building the Dhan Mandi. During the time of Mr. Macnaghten and Colonel Dixon the Anasagar lake was adorned by a series of ghats and gardens on the southern bank. Four reservoirs were built to supply water to the town. He also deepened & repaired the Jhalra for use of the town. The trade and business also flourished as in the early thirties of 19th century few rich families of Mahajans from Marwar & Jaipur came & settled in Ajmer. One of the greatest contributor was Seth Ramprasad Agarwal from Jhunjhunu who built the Ramprasad ka Ghat at Anasagar, Diigi and Nahar reservoirs, Shakkar Kui (well) near Dudiya well and the Dualat Bagh to supply water to the public. He also built the Pushkar Ghati road & a kund. He built tibaras at the Hindu sacred places of Ajaipal & Baijnath along with the Narsingh temple in Naya Bazaar. Besides this, many rich merchants built beautiful havelis and houses within the old town. The foundation stone for the present Government college building was laid in 1868 AD. Later a new court house, Central Jail and a hospital was also opened. The Mayo college, with a number of Boarding Houses of various Rajputana States and residential houses for Principal & Head Master were built in 1875 – 82 AD.
Figure 9: Birds eye view of the residency Ajmer as seen in 1880 (Source: Imperial Gazetteer)
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Figure 10: A Colonial Map of Ajmer (Source: www.elib.utexas.org)
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Figure 11: The Walled City of Ajmer seen in the nineteenth century (Ajmer History Online)
Figure 12: The Dargah and its surroundings as seen in 1880 (Source: British Library Online)
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2.3 REGIONAL SETTING (AJMER) Ajmer is situated in the cradle of the Aravalli mountain ranges in the centre of Rajasthan State, surrounded by three hills of Aravalli Ranges i.e. Nag hills, Madar hills & Taragarh hills at an average of 486.0 metres above MSL. The natural topography has resulted in creation of a number of water bodies which form an integral part of the city today. Anasagar, which forms the focal point of the city, was created during the rule of Anaji (after whom the lake was named) by building a dam across the Bandi river. Anasagar acted as the natural boundary in the north-west direction and the city historically grew towards the southern direction, downstream the lake created by the dam. The city has excellent connectivity, both road and rail, within the State and beyond. The city locational significance, as a sub-regional centre for trade and commerce, can be understood by the fact that it serves as an intersection point for three National Highways (NH 8, NH 79 and NH 89). NH 8 connecting Delhi - Mumbai bifurcates the city, northeast to southwest. NH 79 and NH 89 originate from Ajmer, and connect to Bhilwara and Bikaner respectively. The city is served by a By-pass Road along NH 8, to facilitate movement of heavy traffic. Other major roads include state highway roads, connecting to Ararka and Pushkar. The city serves as an important railway junction along the recently upgraded Delhi-Ahmedabad Broad Gauge Line. Apart from this, the city has served as base for a major Railway Workshop, which houses activities like manufacturing, repairs and modification of railway coaches.
Figure 13: Aerial view of Ajmer in 1880’s by Lala Deen Dayal (British Library Online)
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Figure 13: Urban growth in Ajmer post 1954 (Source: Preparation of Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA), Ajmer)
2.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE PHYSIOGRAPHY Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. The city is settled on the lower slopes of the Taragarh Hill in the Aravalli Range. It is situated almost in the centre of Rajasthan. To the north of the city is a large artificial lake, called Anasagar with a marble structure known as Baradari. Ajmer is protected from the Thar desert by the massive rocks of Nagpathar range.
AJMER CLIMATE The city has moderate climate, with daily temperatures ranging from 26.9 C to 39.4 C during May, and 7.6 C to 22.5 C during January, the coldest month. The average rainfall is about 50cm and average humidity is 57%. The rainfall in the region is very erratic. The city recorded maximum rainfall of 1200.4 mm in 1975 leading to severe floods.
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1
Minimum Temperature:
22° C (Summer), 8° C (Winter)
2
Maximum Temperature:
40° C (Summer), 33° C (Winter)
3
Best Time to Visit :
October to February
Summer season : April to July are hot with maximum temperature soars to 40°C, while the minimum is nearly 22°C.
Monsoon or Rainy season : August to October offer medium rainfalls with average contribution of about 45 cm. Ajmer looks beautiful in rains.
Winter season : December to March are chilly with minimum touches nearly 8°C. This is great for all tourist activities.
2.5 FOREST AND BIO DIVERSITY Ajmer district with a geographical area of 8,481 sqkm. Has a forest area of 613 sqkm. Amounting to 7.3%. It has a per capita forest area of 0.03 Ha. (2007) The forest crop in the Ajmer district is very poor and the commercial tree like teak, Sal and Shisham do occur but hardly reach and appreciable size in the area. The important species of Ajmer district forest are Dhokra, Salar, Khejra, Khair, Ber, Aranja and Koulasse and the Cenchrus ciliaris, Schima marvous, dichanthium annulatxum, Chloris barbata, Chysopsson etc. are the important grasses in the absence of dense forest in the district, the tiger is seen very occasionally in the Beawar forests leopards and hyenas are found in the hills of Nagpahar to Dawair. Black duck ravine deer and Nil Gai are found in Ajmer and hazes partridges and gray are common and found in all seasons. (Source: http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIPR_Ajmer.pdf)
2.6 DEMOGRAPHY (AJMER) Ajmer is the 5 th largest city of Rajasthan. According to 2011 census, Ajmer has 542,580 (Government of Rajasthan, 2006) inhabitants with a decadal growth rate of 11.7% from 2001.
Change of
municipal jurisdiction in 1981 mostly accounted for sudden rise in growth rate. The projected population for 2021 is 717,609. Each year Ajmer receives about 15 lakh floating population as visitors. Ajmer is a typical example of a traditional Indian city with a dense inner area. As per 2011 census, Ajmer density was of 9,730 persons per sq.km. The 8 wards in the inner area have the highest density with 45,000 persons per sq.km. The City Development Plan (2006) states that during Urs the daily influx of floating population is of 30,000. The population of Ajmer was 4.85 Lakh as per 2001 census growing at a decadal growth rate of 20% as compared to the 1991 population. The present population of Ajmer is estimated at around 5.4
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Lakh (at the rate of 2% annual growth). As shown in Table 3, over the last six decades the population of the city has grown more than three folds from 1.47 Lakh in 1941 to 4.85 Lakh in 2001. This population growth of Ajmer could largely be attributed to: Post independence high migration which resulted in a 33% increase in population. Establishment of a Regional College, a Medical College and Hindustan Machine Tools Factory in 1960s which accelerated city growth Change in municipal jurisdiction before the 1981 and 1991 Census. In 1981 the Ajmer Municipal jurisdiction was increased to include the nearby villages but in 1987 the municipal boundary was changed to the present area of 55 sq.km
Table 3: Population Growth of Ajmer Year
Population (Nos.)
Avg. Decadal Growth
Growth Rate (%)
1941
147,258
-
1951
196,633
49,375
33.5
1961
231,240
34,607
17.6
1971
264,291
33,051
14.3
1981
375,593
111,302
42.1
1991*
402,700
27,107
7.2
2001
485,575
82,875
20.6
Projected Population Figures 2006
539,321
2011
593,066
107,491
22.14
2021
717,609
124,543
21.00
2.7 TOURISM FOOTFALL (AJMER) Tourism is an important segment of the Indian economy, contributing about 5.3% of the country s GDP. The tourism sector is a large industry comprising wide array of operators from hotels to local transport players. Thus the tourism industry makes a significant impact on the local economy of the region and generates large employment opportunities. Rajasthan continues to be one of the most favourite tourism destinations in India. The State has experienced a record arrival of more than 11.3 lakh foreign tourists and 187 lakh domestic tourists during 2005, signifying a 17% rise in domestic tourists and 16% increase in foreign tourists as against 2004 figures. Out of the total tourists visiting Rajasthan, Mount Abu, Udaipur, Jaipur and Pushkar attract the maximum number of tourists both domestic and foreign. Maximum numbers of tourists visit Udaipur, followed by Jaipur, Ajmer- Pushkar and Jaisalmer. In 2005, Ajmer attracted only 8% of the total domestic tourists com ing to Rajasthan while the city’ s share of foreign tourists was only 1%. Over the last five years there has been a steady increase in the domestic arrivals in the city, except for 2003 when there was a drop in both domestic and foreign tourists. The year 2005 recorded a 34 % increase in tourist arrivals as against 16% the previous year. But the number of foreign tourists has decreased sharply from 54,040 in 2001 to only 15,139 in
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2005. Details of tourism data and trends for Ajmer-Pushkar from 2006-2012 are further provided in Section 6 of this report. The unique feature of tourism in Ajmer is the large number of day tourists who stop over at Ajmer enroute from Jaipur moving towards Jodhpur or Udaipur, which are more popular destinations. The nature of tourism in Ajmer is mainly religious tourism. The Dargah attracts large number of tourists all-round the year, but the tourist flow peaks during the Urs (fair), typically oc curring in the month of April/May every year. The monthly flow of tourists reveals interesting trends. Domestic tourist arrivals of about 100000 a month, barring the summer months of May, June and July, provide a clear base load for the tourism industry in Ajmer. This base load translates to arrivals of about 3,500 persons per day. However, in the month of the Urs, tourist arrivals peak at about 400,000. Foreign tourist arrivals are more dependent on favourability of the climate, and therefore are high in the November to March period, barring the month for the Urs.
Figure 14: Pilgrims in Ajmer during Urs 2015
2.8 ECONOMY (AJMER) Ajmer is an important centre for products like woollen textiles, cotton, hosiery, shoes, leather, pharmaceuticals and soap. Poultry happens to be an important source of income for the farmers. There are also various engineering workshops, electronic component plants and rolling mills in the city. The closest town to Ajmer is Kishangarh which is considered the ‘Marble City of India’,
employing over 7000 people, many of which are from Ajmer. The location, climate, rainfall and the close proximity with important cities of Rajasthan and India work as a plus point for businesses in Ajmer. The percentage of total number of cultivators is Ajmer is 63.89 while there are 14.55% agricultural labourers in the city. The percentage of repair, servicing and processing labourers is about 3.05% and the other workers in percentage are 18.51. Source: http://www.ajmeronline.in/city-guide/business-and-economy-in-ajmer
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ECONOMIC BASE The working population of Ajmer comprises 28% of the total population of the city, of which 90% population constitutes main workers whereas the rest 10% fall under marginal workers category.
OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN Traditionally, Ajmer has been an important commercial, administrative, transportation and education centre of the region. With the presence of the famous Dargah of the Sufi saint Khwaja Mouinuddin Chisti in the city and close proximity to Pushkar (the religious town); tourism is also a major contributor to the city s economy.
Occupational distribution, Cencus 2001
Occupation category
Primary sector Industry Trade & Commerce Construction Transport, Storage & Communication Others Total
No. of workers 9,330 33,384 28,311 8,246 14,938 39,648 133,857
%
7.0 24.9 21.2 6.2 11.2 29.6 100
Table 4: Occupational distribution, Census 2001 Source: Ajmer Master Plan 2001-2003
Ajmer being the District and Division Head Quarter, houses many of the State and Central Government administrative offices and district level education institutions.
Absolute
Work Participation Rate
Total Workers Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
1053722
713459
340263
40.79
46.10
32.86
Males
686149
406505
279644
51.82
51.50
52.30
Females
367573
306954
60619
29.20
40.48
12.11
Absolute
Percentage to total workers
Main Workers Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
827181
516038
311143
78.50
72.33
91.44
Males
601564
340913
260651
87.67
83.86
93.21
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Females
Marginal Workers
225617
175125
50492
Absolute
61.38
57.05
83.29
Percentage to total workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
226541
197421
29120
21.50
27.67
8.56
Males
84585
65592
18993
12.33
16.14
6.79
Females
141956
131829
10127
38.62
42.95
16.71
Marginal
Absolute
Percentage to total marginal workers
Workers (3 -6 months )
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
191978
166254
25724
84.74
84.21
88.34
Males
73377
56588
16789
86.75
86.27
88.40
Female
118601
109666
8935
83.55
83.19
88.23
Marginal Workers
Absolute
(Less than 3 months )
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
34563
31167
3396
15.26
15.79
11.66
Males
11208
9004
2204
13.25
13.73
11.60
Female
23355
22163
1192
16.45
16.81
11.77
Total Cultivators
Percentage to total marginal workers
Absolute
Percentage to total workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
298856
292551
6305
28.36
41.00
1.85
Males
159058
155221
3837
23.18
38.18
1.37
Females
139798
137330
2468
38.03
44.74
4.07
Total Agricultural Labourers
Absolute
Percentage to total workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
145523
140367
5156
13.81
19.67
1.52
Males
57117
53998
3119
8.32
13.28
1.12
Females
88406
86369
2037
24.05
28.14
3.36
25
Total Household Industry Workers
Absolute
Percentage to total workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
35602
15249
20353
3.38
2.14
5.98
Males
22262
8711
13551
3.24
2.14
4.85
Females
13340
6538
6802
3.63
2.13
11.22
Total Other Workers
Absolute
Percentage to total workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Persons
573741
265292
308449
54.40
37.20
90.70
Males
447712
188575
259137
65.20
46.40
92.70
Females
126029
76717
49312
34.30
25.00
81.30
Source:- Census of India - 2011
Industrialization started in Ajmer with the establishment of the Railway workshop way back in 1876. The Railway Board is the largest employer with approximate 10,000 people employed in its manufacturing and repair workshops. The Railway workshop and HMT factory are the only major large scale industrial units in the city. However production activity is very limited and mainly repair works are undertaken. Ajmer is also a large market for metal scrap, receiving steel scrap from across the state. Availability of metal has resulted in growth of a number of small scale industries such as foundries & iron works. These foundries are mainly engaged in manufacture of machine tools used for cutting marble and granite. Emergence of marble industry in Kishangarh has boosted this segment. Some of the units also supply tools for granite industries in Karnataka. RIICO, the apex organization in State engaged in fostering the growth of industrialization has developed two industrial estates (for small scale industries) at Parbatpura and Makhupura. There are 165 Registered Industrial Units with the District Industry Centre providing employment to around 6,500 individuals, one third of which is engaged in bidi manufacture. Bidi and gota manufacturing constitute a significant part of the informal household industry. Local crafts such as bangles and silver jewelry also employ a large number of women. Ajmer also acts as a wholesale commercial centre for the surrounding towns and villages.
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2.9 TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE (AJMER) Ajmer is well connected to Jaipur and other cities in the state and to the national capital by rail and road. The nearest airport is at Jaipur which is 132km away. The accommodation facilities available in the city are inadequate, considering the large number of tourists visiting the city. There is only one star hotel in Ajmer. The table below reveals that the accommodation capacity in Ajmer is tuned to cater to the base load of tourist inflow.
Accommodation available in Ajmer
Type of Accommodation Hotels & Dharamshalas Paying Guest Houses Total
No. of Units 117 4 121
No. of Rooms 2260 17 2277
No. of beds 4397 39 4436
Table 5: Accommodation available in Ajmer Source: Rajasthan Tourism Department, Ajmer January 2006
ARRANGEMENTS MADE FOR URS Most of the pilgrims who visit the Dargah during the festival period are very poor and cannot afford to pay for accommodation. These pilgrims are accommodated free of cost at Vishram Sthalis (resting camps) located at Anasagar bank, near Transport Nagar on Beawar Road and at Kayad near MDS University. These are temporary camps with basic water and mobile toilets provided by UIT and Municipal Council of Ajmer. The sanitary conditions at these vishram sthalis are very poor. Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation arranges for additional 125 buses to bring pilgrims from various cities.
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2.1. INTRODUCTION (PUSHKAR) Pushkar is one of the major pilgrimage centres in India with over 500 odd temples in and around the city. The most sacred being the Brahma Temple. This holy town is situated around the sacred Pushkar Lake/ Sarovar in the valley formed between two parallel hills of Aravali mountain ranges running south-west to north-east. Pushkar town aspires to be a centre of religious and cultural tourism based on the history and mythology associated with the town, traditional cultural events and by retaining historical character and conserving the built and natural heritage. It has strength of religious significance, tradition of festivals and meals. Its ambient climate and natural setting with good regional road connectivity and tourist infrastructure with local handicrafts skills, floriculture and garment making, attracts foreign tourists. The small town of Pushkar is nestled in the laps of the Aravali hills and is located 14 km away from Ajmer, 145 km away from Jaipur. Udaipur, Jodhpur and Delhi lie at a distance of 289 km, 214km and 403 km respectively. As per the existing land use plan the total developed area is municipal area is 720 acres (0.36sq.km) of which developed area accounts for 330 acres (1.37 sq. km) while the remaining is under sand dunes, nallahs, water bodies and agriculture.
2.2 HISTORY (PUSHKAR) HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE The Mythology The religious importance of Pushkar is attributed to it mainly due to the holy sarovar. According to the Hindu mythology, the three lakes of Pushkar namely, Budha Pushkar, Madhya Pushkar and Kanishtha Pushkar, were created when a lotus fell from the hands of Lord Brahma and bounced two times on the earth, thus creating depressions. Where the largest lake (Kanishtha Pushkar) was created, he decided to perform a yagya. After the religious ceremony was completed the sarovar attained the status of being holy and was considered to have magical powers to cure diseases. Also a dip in the holy sarovar is supposed to absolve man of all his sins and hence Pushkar became an important pilgrimage spot or tirtha where human beings can attain salvation. According to great Epic – Mahabharata, Pushkar was the starting point of a great pilgrim route in the Indian sub-continent
and it is rated as the most sacred Hindu pilgrim site based on the categories of pilgrimages according to the puranas.
The Three Pushkar Lakes As it is believed, the three lakes of Pushkar were formed when three petals of lotus fell from the hands of Lord Brahma. The three Pushkars are naturally associated with the trimurti, the Hindu triad
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represented by Brahma, Vishnu And Shiva. These three deities are associated as patron deities of Jyeshta or Buda Pushkar, Madhya Pushkar and Kanishtha Pushkar respectively. But with gradually declining popularity of the Buda and Madhya Pushkar, Brahma is today linked to the Kanishtha Pushkar.
1) Jyeshtha/ Buda/ Vriddha Pushkar – Initially associated with Brahma, the water level in this lake once lay just a meter below the ground and was a source of water for the neighborhood. Today, a completely new structure with steps leading to water below and shikhars rising above, stand at the place. The two temples located near Buda Pushkar are Radha Krishna & Guman Dev Hanuman temples. The lake named so because when Aurangzeb went to wash his face in the lake to test the miracles of it, after the destruction of Varah and Kesho Rai Temple, his hair turned grey and his back bent like an old man.
Fig 15: Historic View of Buda Pushkar
View of Buda Pushkar after renovation
2) Madhya Pushkar – This Lake lies between the Budha and the Kanishtha Pushkar, at about 3km from the latter. The reservoir of Madhya Pushkar almost dries up completely during the non monsoon season. It is believed that the water of this lake has magical powers that enable one to get rid of the evil spirits. A temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and a serai for pilgrims was built in 1881 by Pushpartha, a devotee. These are now looked after by the agricultural Rawat community.
Fig. 16: Historic View of Madhya Pushkar
Present view of Madhya Pushkar
3) Kanishtha Pushkar or Pushkar Raj – This is the largest lakes of the three Pushkar lakes and hence is attributed to the fact that the settlement of Pushkar grew around it. It forms the nucleus of the Pushkar Town. Around the margins of the lake except towards the marshy inlet towards the south is a display of rich and varied architecture in the form of 52 ghats, numerous temples, chattris and havelis. In the centre of the lake stands a structure, known as yagya sthal, where it is believed that Brahma and Gayatri performed the main Yagya. Today, the lake is
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under threat of getting dried up with negligible sources of water supply and a continuous degradation of water quality for the aquatic life as well as pilgrims for bathing.
Figure 17: Historic View of Pushkar Raj with
Present view of Pushkar Raj
lotuses
The Historic Evolution None of the ghats are believed to be of the time when Lord Brahma created the sarovar. But few of them are named after the ceremonies that he performed at various spots along the sarovar. He is said to have taken a cleansing bath at the Yagya Ghat, requested Lord Shiva to guard and ensure the proceedings of the yagya in an orderly and peaceful manner at the Shiv Ghat and collected the waters of all the sacred tirthas at the Kot Tirth Ghat (present Gwalior Ghat).
Early History It is believed that Raja Nahar Rao Prati hara of Mandor, Jodhpur repaired and renovated twelve ghats in 7th century. The ghats are Saptrishi ghat, Gurjar ghat, Swarup ghat, Vaishya ghat (Hingor Mal ka Mahal), Kalyan ghat, Brahma ghat, Yagya ghat, Gau ghat, Badri ghat, Panchdevri ghat, Varah ghat and 108 Mahadev ghat.
Mughal Period Upto middle 14th century, there was less flow of pilgrims to Pushkar due to political confusions in Ajmer and also due to levying of the pilgrim tax. Constructions of temples and ghats again began under Akbar’s reign, who abolished the pilgrim tax. Under Aurangzeb the ban on building temples
that had been established under Shahjahan was vigorously enforced. In spite of the restriction on temple building several ghats, Cheer, Badri, Narsingh, Zenana and Shekhawat ghats, were constructed in this period. These constructions were probably overlooked due to the influence of Jai Singh and Jaswant Singh at the Mughal court. Shortly after the death of Jaswant Singh t he demolition of the Kesho Rai temple and the Zenana ghat was ordered. In 1678 the Shahi Masjid was built on the site of a demolished temple. To mark the completion Tyber Khan planned a sacrifice of a hundred cows in the mosque. The agitated Brahmins sought the interference of the Rajput leaders. In the battle that took place on the steps of the Varah temple the Thakurs suffered a terrible defeat and the Panchveer ghat was constructed where five Rajputs were cremated. In the years following Aurangzeb’s death Pushkar was assimilated into
Marwar. Extensive renovations and constructions were undertaken. In 1715 the Indereshar Mahadev temple and the Bhadwar Raja ghat were constructed with a donation of rupees 50,000 by
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Raja Gopal. In the same year a Brahmin by the name of Ram Saran financed Ram ghat and donated it to his purohit. Maharaja Bhim Singh of Kota had the Swaroop ghat reconstructed. In 1757 Shiva ghat was renovated by Govind Rao the Maratha governor of Ajmer. Raja of Bharatpur had a state ghat and Murlimanohar temple constructed in 1763. Around the middle o f the 18th century the Maharaja of Bundi financed the Hadon ka ghat with the Raghunath and Anapoorna temples. Between 1803 and 1808 the Bala Rao ghat was constructed by the Maratha governot of Ajmer, Bala Rao Inglia. The Bangla ghat was also constructed around then.
British Period Under the British rule too royal patronage at Pushkar continued. Rich businessman, who settled in Ajmer, once a stable political government was established, also gave generously towards religious construction. In 1820 Hindu Rao, a brother-in-law of Dauklat Rao Scindia had the Vikram ghat and a Shiva temple constructed. After the death of Daulat Rao his wife had a chattri added in 1827 AD Maharaja Mansingh added the Jodhpur Ghat. In 1836 Madhao Rao, a jyotisha from the Deccan built a second Ramghat and a Rameshwara temple along the old Rai Mukund ghat. Also of this period is the Tijamaji ka ghat named for the third wife of Maharaja Man Singh of Jodhpur. In 1850 Sunder Lal and Shyam Lal of Jaipur had the Indra and Chandra ghats constructed. Queen Mary visited Gau ghat in 1919 AD and contributed Rs. 1000 for the reconstruction of Zenana ghat.
Figure 18: Old Rangji Temple, Pushkar
Post Independence In 1950 the Bhadwar ghat that had been appropriate by the British was taken over by the Municipality of Pushkar. Today, the royals who owned a dharamshala or a ghat have been dispossessed of them. This is because after Indian Independence, these properties were often too small and insignificant to be listed. The royals, also, went on to join the mainstream politics and a pilgrimage to Pushkar became secondary for them. Some ghats were transferred to the successor state of Rajasthan in 1948. This was followed by the abolition of the jagirdari system from 1951 AD to 1958 AD and finally the discontinuation of privy purses in 1976 AD. At that time the priests also
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took advantage of the political weakness and became virtual owners of the properties which they were appointed to manage by the royal states and rulers before Independence. Many temples on the ghats as well the town, today, have been occupied by the ever expanding families of the priests and for the hotel rooms for tourists and pilgrims. The random encroachments of the enclosed public and semi-public spaces and conversion of open-to-sky courtyards into small dingy cheap rooms have spoilt the unity and character of the traditional architecture.
2.3REGIONAL SETTING (PUSHKAR) The holy town of Pushkar is one of the major pilgrim centres of India. It is situated in Ajmer district which lies between 250 38` to 260 52` N latitude and 730 54` to 750 22` E longitude. It is situated with in Aravali Mountains and forms a part of Luni Basin. The town is situated on the eastern fringe of the Thar district. The town of Pushkar is approached only by road. The nearest rail head is Ajmer, 12km, from the town. Ajmer is situated on main Railway network connecting Jaipur, Ahmedabad and Ujjain. The town is situated on the tourism and pilgrim network (connecting Mathura and Ujjain). Important towns linked to Pushkar at regional level are jaipur, Bhilwara, Bundi, Nasirabad, Kishangarh, Beawar and Ajmer. At local level the important towns and villages are Pisangan, Nagore and Hokaran, all connected by road.
Figure 19: Map showing linkage of Pushkar with important towns
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2.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE PHYSIOGRAPHY The town of Pushkar has developed around the Kanishtha Pushkar sarovar which lies at the lowest point of the basin. It is surrounded by hills of Aravalli Ranges on four sides, Nag Pahar on the South, Savitri and Parbat Pahar in the West, Papmochini or Dungari Pahar in the North and Gurumba Pahar in the East. It also has moving sand dunes on the North-west and East.
Figure 20: Map showing physical setting of Pushkar Source: Survey of India
The general topography of the town is undulating with lake at the lowest point and settlement at higher levels. This has given rise to sloping roads and stepped lanes. Around the lake slope is steeper along the northern part. Hence, we can say that the major slope of the town is north to south. The drainage from all sides is naturally fed into the sarovar.
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CLIMATE The climate of the town is semi-arid with dry and hot summer and cool winter. The hottest months are May and June with maximum temperature of around 45 0C, while in winter the maximum mean temperature is 25 – 8 0C. During the months of April to September strong winds prevail resulting in the formation of sand dunes. The prevailing wind direction is southwest to north-east. The monsoon season is relatively short from July to August with average rainfall ranging from 400 to 600mm. occasionally rainfall is received during January and February.
1
Minimum Temperature:
22° C (Summer), 8° C (Winter)
2
Maximum Temperature:
45° C (Summer), 22° C (Winter)
3
Best Time to Visit :
October to February
Summer season : April to July are hot with maximum temperature soars to 45°C, while the minimum is nearly 22°C.
Monsoon or Rainy season : July till middle September Winter season : December to March are chilly with minimum touches nearly 8°C. This is great for all tourist activities.
2.5FOREST AND BIO DIVERSITY Same as for Ajmer District in previous section.
2.6 DEMOGRAPHY(PUSHKAR) Pushkar is a small town with 16,173 inhabitants as per 2011 Census. Its decadal growth was 9.35% during the period of 2001-2011. Pushkar has observed a sudden increase in growth rate during 1981 because of the change of boundary. Pushkar municipal area is divided into 15 wards. The average density of Pushkar is 45 persons per hectare. The Lake surrounding area (the old city core) or ward no. 9 has the highest density due to commercial activities, with 923 persons/ha. Population of Pushkar as per 2001 census was 14,789. The population growth and increasing density of the town can be attributed to its natural organic growth. As a result of tourism and pilgrimage, the City Development Plan (2006) states that the floating population in Pushkar is estimated to be between 3000 to 5000 migrants per day.
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2.7 TOURISM FOOTFALL (PUSHKAR) Out of the total tourists visiting Rajasthan, Mount Abu, Udaipur, Jaipur and Pushkar attract the maximum number of tourists both domestic and foreign. Maximum numbers of tourists visit Udaipur, followed by Jaipur, Ajmer-Pushkar and Jaisalmer. Over the last five years there has been a steady increase in the domestic arrivals in the town, except for 2003 when there was a drop in domestic tourist numbers. Foreign tourists have been growing steadily since 2002. 2005 recorded a 45 % increase in domestic tourist and 44% rise in foreign tourist arrivals. Maximum tourists visit during Kartik Purnima, which coincides with the cattle fair, generally in the month of November. On an average nearly 4000 tourists visited Pushkar daily (in the year 2005). Number of domestic tourists attending the fair has increased from almost 3 times in recent years. The number of foreign tourist declined after 2001, but has subsequently shown strong growth at an increasing rate (annual growth rate of around 30-50%). Further details from 2006-12 and future trends are covered in Section 6 of this report.
TOURIST ARRIVALS Pushkar has a steady base load of about 100,000 domestic tourists and about 4,000 foreign tourists in a month. Only the summer months of April, May and June show a decline from this level. The figure shoots up in the month of November for the Pushkar Fair. The subsequent graphs indicate monthly inflow of domestic and foreign tourists. The Peak season is around the month of October and November, during the Hindu months of Kartik Poornima. The Cattle fair is also organized during the same time. Unofficially, each year Pushkar observes about 30 lakh of visitors during the Camel fair and other religious occasions.
Figure 21:. Pushkar Camel Fair 2015
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2.8 ECONOMY (PUSHKAR) The economy of Pushkar town is completely dependent on tourism which in turn promotes trade and commerce, transportation and various household industries. The major resident population of the town is engaged in tourism and pilgrimage based economic activities such as selling of religious goods like offerings, flower garlands, sweets, etc. Restaurants and hotels, dharamshalas and guest houses have come up almost in every residential unit in the town which also contributes to the economy generation for Pushkar. The Cattle Fair, one of the major attractions of the town is responsible for approximately 80% of annual income during Pushkar Fair. It involves mainly trading of cattle such as camels, oxes, etc. Trading of crafts related goods and earnings through cultural activities and programmes also gets initiated during this period. The major industrial activity includes traditional and ethnic garment manufacture targeted mostly at the tourists. Workers are generally from nearby villages. Apart from this, household industry includes craft product and rose by products such as Gulkand, rose water, etc.
ECONOMIC BASE The work force participation ratio for Pushkar town is 31.4% of which 90% population constitutes main workers whereas the rest 10% fall under marginal workers category. These figures imply that much of Pushkar s working population has year-round occupations / sources of livelihood. Interviews with stakeholders corroborated this fact. It is learnt that need for additional workforc e requirements during the peak tourist season is met through temporary migrants and day migrants from neighbouring areas.
OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN Tourism is the main economic driver of the town, which promotes other key sectors such as trade and commerce, transportation and household industries. Puskhar and its surrounding areas has around 500 temples, and thus is a predominantly pilgrim town. These temples have been the source of livelihood for most of the citizens for centuries. Majority of the resident population of the town is engaged in religion and tourism based economic activities. However, due to increasing flow of foreign tourists many younger citizens have ventured into businesses. The trade and commerce is related to temple needs and caters mainly to pilgrims and tourists. There are no wholesale activities in town. There are 95 hotels and rest houses and 24 restaurants / cafeterias in Pushkar which provide livelihood to a large section of the population. The cattle fair is the most important event which attracts large number of traders and craftsmen from across the state. This fair has become a major tourist attraction especially among the foreign tourists. The chief attractions of the fair are cattle trading, cultural programmes, craft bazaars etc. It is estimated that most of the local craftsmen earn 80% of the annual income during the Pushkar Fair.
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Garment manufacture is the only significant industrial activity which employs around 5,000 persons; of which most of the workers come from nearby villages. These garments are typically ethnic and casual wear targeted at tourists. The household industries include traditional handicrafts and production of rose by-products e.g. Gulkand, rose oil, rose water etc.
Table 6: Workers in Pushkar Town, Census 2001
Particulars Main Workers Marginal Workers Non workers Total Population Workers WFPR (%)
Pushkar 4186 455 10150 14791 4641 31.38
Source: Census 2001
2.9 TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE Pushkar is well connected to Jaipur and other cities in the state and to the national capital by rail and road. The nearest airport is at Jaipur which is 132km away. The available accommodation is far short of the current demand. Some tourists have to stay back in Ajmer because of lack of accommodation in Pushkar. From the numbers of rooms available in Pushkar, as mentioned below, it is apparent that the facilities are equipped mainly to cater to average year round flow of tourists.
Accommodation available in Pushkar
Type of Accommodation Hotels &Dharamshalas
No. of Units 95
No. of Rooms 1298
No. of beds 2934
Source: Rajasthan Tourism Department, Ajmer January 2006
ARRANGEMENTS DURING FAIR The accommodation rate at the tourist village during the Fair is around Rs. 3 ,000 per day, primarily targeting the premium segment tourists. Villagers often camp and sleep in the open during the Fair. Most of the domestic tourists who come to Pushkar to perform the religious rites prefer to stay at the dharamshalas. During the stakeholder s interaction it was revealed that considering the religious character of the town there is a need for more dharamshalas with improved infrastructure as the present facilities are inadequate in number and quality of service. As a part of special arrangements for the fair, the Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation (RTDC) puts up a tourist village. The tourist village is self-sufficient and specially designed to complement the natural beauty of the site. It has a Coffee Shop and Dining Hall, which can cater to 1500 guests at a time. The village is arranged in blocks of tents, each with its own identity, named after the famous dances of Rajasthan. The village also has huts with basic infrastructure facilities. i
www.ajmermc.org (Details corroborated with Ajmer Municipal Corporation’s Available Census Data)
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SECTION 3 APPRAISAL OF LISTED HERITAGE, RECOGNISED TOURIST AND CULTURAL ASSETS OF THE CITY IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING HERITAGE
This section looks at the heritage assets, character areas and mapping out of priority zones based on individual heritage assets or their conglomeration
3.1. INTRODUCTION This section looks at legally protected historic buildings and sites, locally listed buildings as well as sites that are significant for tourism and the cultural life in Ajmer and Pushkar. I t also lists the local traditions, lifestyles and crafts of the cities to highlight the diverse nature of cultural heritage within the region. The identified assets will be evaluated and categorised according to their significance which will further enable to develop an overall prioritization of interventions needed for heritage assets in each city. Briefly, the distinction between the various t erms and their usage has been explained below:
Term
Usage
Heritage Asset/ Cultural Asset
The term ‘heritage asset’ is a definition that has recently come into popularity as it focuses on the existing or potential value of heritage, as opposed to its typology or physical characteristics.
Listed Building
Listing has been undertaken within India by various NGOs and publically funded organisations such as INTACH, IGNCA, NMMA. The formats and details provided by such lists are varying and in the case of Ajmer, Pushkar these lists have a significant overlap
Legal Status/ Planning Implication
The term Heritage Asset or Cultural Asset in itself has no legal implication. However, many protected The term heritage asset or cultural asset may be used to monuments and sites describe valued components of the historic are included within this environment which can include buildings, monuments, parameter. Also, sites, places, areas or landscapes that have been publicly owned positively identified as having a degree of significance properties may fall meriting consideration in planning decisions. This under AMC description suggests a wide range of landscape or jurisdiction/ local townscape elements might qualify as heritage assets. frameworks like the Dargah Committee or Furthermore, heritage assets can be ensembles of Temple Trusts multiple sites and buildings, cultural l andscapes, historic towns and settlements and heritage districts. In the case of Ajmer and Pushkar, the core city areas (historic walled city) qualify as cultural assets as they represent a cohesive history and evolution over time. In itself, listing does not hold any legal status, but many listed buildings are also Protected Monuments. Listing of these structures has been undertaken with the primary agenda of raising awareness
ASI Protected
The Archaeological Survey of India has Centrally
These are legally
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Property (Building/ Site)
Protected ASI Monuments and Sites
protected sites and also have implications beyond the site in designated buffer zone areas. These sites are managed by the ASI
State Protected Property (Building/ Site)
The Rajasthan Department of Archaeology and Museums has listed several sites within the region
These are legally protected sites that are managed by the Dept.
Protected
Identified by Ministry of Environment and Forest/
These are legally
Forest Areas,
Department of Forests, Rajasthan, these are designated
protected Natural
Lakes and
areas of forests and scrub or nationally recognised
Heritage assets.
Natural
water bodies/lakes.
Formations
METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFYING HERITAGE ASSETS The HRIDAY Plan has been commissioned for Ajmer, however based on stakeholder consultation and a brief survey of the area; it was felt that the city of Ajmer is closely linked with the city of Pushkar. In terms of shared history, as well as in terms of tourist footfall and existing tourist trails, the two centres have immense potential to be strengthened as a loop or a circuit. For the purposes of the HRIDAY Plan, only the historic urban centre of Pushkar with the Br ahma Temple and Sarovar has been considered. In Ajmer, the methodology that has been employed for identifying heritage assets comprises of the following steps
Stage 1
•Identifying Protected Monuments from exisitng lists of ASI and State Department of Archaeology and Museums •Compiling Lists of INTACH and IGNCA •Historic Maps •List of Natural Assets from the Master Plan and other secondary surveys
Stage 2
•Site surveys to map existing lists of properties •Site surveys to identify key areas with high concentration of historic buildings
Stage 3
•Stakeholder discussions and meeting with the AMC to understand areas of local significance •Delineating zones with "types" of buildings, existing topographical zones, historic cores and districts
Stage 4
•Overlaying of identfied Heritage Areas and identifying Heritage Assets based on historic, cultural, social and architectural/natural significance
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For Pushkar, the methodology employed comprises of the following steps
Stage 1
Stage 2
• Review of existing proposals in both cities • Identification of key heritage areas based on stakeholder meetings and density of heritage structures
• Compiling existing lists of IGNCA, INTACH , ASI and State Department of Archaeology and Museums • Secondary research to delineate heritage areas
3.2 APPRAISAL OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ASSETS The heritage assets of the Ajmer and Pushkar are divided into the following categories Natural Heritage
s t e s s A e g a t i r e H
Tangible Heritage Assets
Built Heritage
Open Spaces
Crafts and Folk Arts
Intangible Heritage Assets
Traditional Festivals and Fairs Cuisines
3.2.1 TANGIBLE HERITAGE ASSETS Ajmer’s national identity is built largely around the Ajmer Dargah Sharif which is the most significant
of heritage sites within the city. However, the city itself has several distinct historic layers, from its origins in the twelfth century. These distinct historic layers form a complex built fabric which amalgamates multiple influences and architectural styles. The Wall ed City of Ajmer, conceived during the Mughal period forms a distinct urban fabric while the Colonial extensions leading up to and beyond the Railway Station are characteristic of British architecture and planning in India. At the same time, Ajmer has a vast repertoire of individual sites and buildings, which are significant not merely as historic sites but also as cultural and religious destinations. For instance, the Jain
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Temple-Soni ji ki Nasiyan is visited by scores of devotees on a daily basis. The Adhai Din ka Jhompra, an ASI Protected Monument is a significant example of a complex dating back to the twelfththirteenth century forming one of the first layers of Ajmer’s history.
The natural assets of Ajmer include the two lakes, Anasagar and Foysagar, both manmade lakes that attract a sizeable number of tourists and are popular recreational spots for residents as well. Broadly, the core of Ajmer has the potential to contribute to its status as an internationally recognised historic city. The nationally significant Dargah Sharif and Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila), as well the high proportion of listed buildings that fall between these two significant monuments within the Walled City need a cohesive approach towards infrastructure and public realm upgradation, apart from a sustained programme of conservation of the built fabric. The Walled City also includes residential areas, commercial streets, public squares and institutional areas with historic buildings and open spaces that have an identity and character that are valued locally and that are locally significant for their historic, architectural, artistic or archaeological interest. For these features to be given appropriate consideration by planners and others their significance needs to be identified and understood at an early stage. The Ajmer (and Pushkar) Heritage Asset listing is currently under process and will further provide a list of buildings, parks and open spaces and archaeological sites of local interest but could also include other valued components of the historic environment. The heritage assets identification will help by providing awareness of v alued components of the historic environment and by identifying features that contribute to their significance. The HRIDAY Plan and subsequent DPRs will use this information to seek to conserve the significance of individual heritage assets and their contribution to the character and distinctiveness of the local historic environment. It is intended that potential projects will use this list to steer their proposals to conserve and enhance character, integrate with and make use of local heritage assets and avoid negative impacts on them or their settings. At the same time, the inclusion of individual buildings, specifically privately owned properties on the heritage asset list wo uld not result in any additional legal requirements for property owners. The Tangible assets of the city include the listed heritage properties and also the recognized tourist spots of the city. All these identified assets shall be evaluated using parameters such as
Accessibility
Proximity to other heritage assets or tourist spots
Significance
Physical condition
Condition of infrastructure
Management and Usage
NATURAL HERITAGE ASSETS OF AJMER AND PUSHKAR There is no central listing for natural heritage assets per se within India which combines different types of natural heritage. Broadly, in Ajmer and Pushkar the following types of Natural Heritage can be seen.
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1. Lakes and Waterbodies While the Pushkar Lake is a naturally formed lake, with a heavily built edge, brth Anasagar and Foysagar are manmade lakes. The following lakes and their catchment areas are now protected by the State Government 1. 2. 3. 4.
Anasagar Lake Foysagar Lake Bisalsagar Lake Pushkar Lake
Construction in the lakes and their catchment zones is now prohibited and Anasagar, Foysagar and Pushkar Lake are being revitalised under vario us initiatives including the National Lake Conservation Project. Various stream feeders like the Nag Pahar feeder, Gauri Nadi, Badri Nadi (which connects Anasagar and Foysagar) Augustmuni Feeder, Kharakhari Feeder, Savitri Pahar Feeder, Parbat Pahar Feeder, Pushkar Feeder, Burumba Feeder, Paapmochini Feeder and the Saraswati Nadi form part of the network of streams and rivulets in the area.
Pushkar Lake
Anasagar Lake Foysagar Lake Bisalsagar Lake
Figure 22: Map showing the location of lakes
2. Protected Forests and Hill Formations Under the Government of Rajasthan, Department of Forests, the District of Ajmer has the following identified forest area
S. No. 1
Name of District
Reserved Forest
Protected Forest
Unclassified Forest
Total
Ajmer
194.99
418.09
0.02
613.10
The Aravalli ranges in Ajmer reach 865 m above sea level in Ajmer district. The Nagpahar or the Serpent Hill lies west of Ajmer, connecting the city of Pushkar as well as providing a scenic route for
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visitors. Broadly, the Hills and peaks of significance in Ajmer and Pushkar and their environs overlap with the Forested Areas and comprise primarily of 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Taragarh Nagpahar (serpentine) Reserve Forest Makarwali Hokran Reserved Forest Mahavir Reserved Forest Savitri Pahar Parbat Pahar Madar Pahar
Summary of Appraisal for the Key Natural Heritage Assets in Ajmer and Pushkar Anasagar
Foysagar
Pushkar Lake
Anasagar is easily accessed from the south edge, however the access to the actual water-front from the North, East and West edges is fragmented and absent in areas Anasagar is bound by the Daulat Bagh and the Baradari on the South which further lead to the walled city Anasagar is of historic, natural, economic and cultural significance
Foysagar is only accessible from the East edge and the remaining areas are green edges which are not accessible to visitors Foysagar does not have any major heritage assets in its immediate vicinity Foysagar is of historic and natural significance
The Pushkar Lake has a continuous Parikrama which comprises of 57 ghats
Pushkar Lake forms the core of the city and surrounded by historic Ghats, Temples, Chatris Pushkar Lake is of historic, religious, economic and cultural significance
Close to the walled city- Dargah and Naya Bazzar area
Physical Condition Condition of Infrastructure
Requires desilting
Fair
Fair
There are number of places where sewage is directly being dumped into the lake
Tourist infrastructure is missing
Fair – recently Upgraded under NLCP
Access road to fort is bad Poor- no facilities
Management and Usage
The Lake is used primarily for recreational activity and managed by PHED
Recreational activity. Managed by PHED
Religious activity. Managed by PHED and Municipal Corporation
Accessibility
Proximity to other heritage assets
Significance
Taragarh Forest / Hill Located in the southwest of Ajmer and accessible from the Taragarh road from the walled city.
Important hill formation with forest area along with location of the historic fort
Tourist visits to the fort on the hill. Managed by ASI and forest department
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Figure 23: Map showing the Forest areas and hill formations
BUILT HERITAGE OF AJMER The Built Heritage of Ajmer comprises of varying typologies of buildings, for instance: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Forts and fortifications Gateways Havelis and residential structures Religious structures like Temples, Mosques Pavilions, funerary structures, chatris etc. Public buildings, memorials
In the case of Ajmer, the maximum concentration of built heritage assets is within the Walled City covering the entire range of typologies listed above. In the case of Pushkar, the concentration of built heritage is surrounding the Ghats area, with most significant historic structures within walking distance from the Lake.
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PROPERTIES LISTED AND PROTECTED BY THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, JAIPUR CIRCLE This list includes the following properties identified by the ASI, Jaipur Circle
Ajmer City 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Adhai Din ka Jhompra Anasagar Baradari Badshahi Haveli Delhi Gate Gateway to Taragarh Fort Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) Saheli Bazaar Building, Daulat Bagh Tripoliya Gate Tomb of Allauddin Khan Tomb of Abdullah Khan
As is evident from this list, the majority of ASI Properties in the city of Ajmer belong to the Mughal Period.
Pushkar City 1. Brahma Temple 2. Mahal Badshahi
Ajmer District (Outskirts of Ajmer and Pushkar and beyond) 1. 2. 3. 4.
Baoli on Ajmer-Jaipur Road Kos Minars on Ajmer-Jaipur Road Kos Minars at Hushiara, Khair and Khanpura Sarai
PROPERTIES LISTED AND IDENTIFIED BY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS, RAJASTHAN. This list includes the following properties identified by the Department of Archaeology and Museums Rajasthan
Ajmer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Akbar Qila or Magazine or Daulata Khana (al so listed under ASI Jaipur Circle) Main Entrance of the Akbar’s Fort Toda and Digambaron Ki Jain Chhatries Chamunda Devi Temple Ajmer Ghantaghar Noorchashma Agra gate Usari gate Madar gate Alwar gate
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11. Kotwali Gate 12. King Edward Memorial
Pushkar 1. Santosh Bavala ki Chhatri
PROPERTIES IDENTIFIED BY INTACH, IGNCA, DETAILED SITE SURVEYS AND PREVIOUS REPORTS The Detailed List of Built Heritage Assets for Ajmer is as follows
S.No.
Structure
Address/ Approximate Location
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Aaziy Rahaman Chisti Bhawan Abdulla Khan Ka Makbara Adhai-Din-Ka-Jhonpra Agrawal Bhawan Akbari Gate Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) Akbari Masjid Allah Rakha Building Ana Sagar Baradari Ardh Chandreshwar Mahadev Mandir Audience Hall (Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila))
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Bachhraj Bhawan Bada Baoli Badshahi Building Bara Rangmahal Bharokia Bhawan Bhojshal Building Bibi Ka Makbara Botanical Garden Catholic Cathedral Central Co-Operative Bank Chadradevandra Kumar Bhawan Chamatkareswar Mahadev Mandir Chamunda Mata Mandir Chobada Haveli Chhota Ghadha Temple Chhota Rang Mahal Chisti Bag Collector Office D.A.V College D.A.V High Middle School Dadi Maa Bhawan Dado Ki Haveli Dakshini Ki Wara (Haveli) Dargah Meer Sayed Hussain (Tara Garh) Dayanand Aakshram
H No. 4/433, Dargah Bazar NH8, Beawar Road Dargah Bazar Arya Samaj Road Taragarh Gpo Diggi Road Station Road, Keshar Ganj Daulatbagh Naya Bazar Rajkiya Sangrahalaya (Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila)) Purani Mandi Inder Kot Naya Bazar Soni Ji Ki Nasiya Ke Samne Dargah Bazar Agra Gate, Ajmer (Outer) Station Road, Keshar Ganj Government College St Anslem's School, Kesarganj Ravindra Nath Thakur Chawk Digamber Jain Dharmashala, Hathi Bhata Ram Prasad Ghat Prithviraj Smarak Naya Bazar Nasiya Ke Pas Solaha Khamba
Keshar Ganj Ganj Chauraha Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar Tara Garh Fort Kesar Ganj
47
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
Delhi Gate Delhi Gate Masjid Dewan Saiyad Zaimul (Haveli) Fufa Darwaja II Gandhi Bhawan Gangadhar Ji Ki Haveli Ganj Maszid Gate Of Adahi Din Ka Jhopada Gate Of Government College Gate-2 Of Meeran Sayed Gateway (Sadar Kotwali Market) Gateway (Soni Ji Ki Nasiya) Ghanta Ghar Ghanta Ghar Masjid Ghee Mandi Gate Godha Chjikitsalaya (Hospital) Gole Piao Government College Hanuman Mandir Hazarat Saiyed Bholau Sahib Mosque Hazari Manzll Head Post Office Hindu Dharmashala
Dargah Bazar Dargah Bazar Dargah Bazar Taragarh Fort Near Nagar Nigam Naya Bazar Chhoti Ganj Dargah Bazar Kesarganj Taragarh Thana Kotwali Station Road Ghanta Ghar Ghanta Ghar Ghee Mandi Mahaveer Circle Naya Bazar Government College Agra Gate, Ajmer (Outer) Taragarh Purani Mandi Head Post Office Ram Sukh Ba.Mukad (Marular), Vikram Sanwat
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Husaini Baoli Hussain Khingsawar Dargah Indra Niwas Ishwar Das Ji Ka Bhawan Islam Darwaja Jadu Ka Pathar Kalka Chowk Gateway / Laxmi Chawk Kamla Nehru Kasturba Aspatal (Hospital) Katan Baoli Kela Baoli Khana Khajan
Amma Baoli Rasta, Taragarh, Inder Kot
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
Khetawat Bhawan (Ratan Bas) Khwaja Garib Nabaj Madina Chisti Ki Baoli Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti Dargah Khwaja Sabib Dargah King Edward VIII Memorial Rest House L.I.C. Office Lai Kothi Laxmi Pol Lodha Building Lodha Dharamshala Lodha Haveli Luniya Ki Haveli Madar Gate
Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar Chhoti Ganj Taragarh Taragarh Laxmi Chawk Jaipur Road Station Road Inder Kot Inder Kot Patel Stadium Jaipur Road Garib Nawaz Ka Mohalla(Near Dhai Jhopda) Near Delhi Gate Station Road Near Mayo College Kesar Ganj Taragarh Fort, Husain Baoli Ganj Chauraha Station Road Naya Bazar Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar Purani Mandi
48
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
Mahesh Bhawan Maik Sacsena (N. School) Mamiyo Ki Haveli Makbara Hazrat Khoja Husain Ajmeri Mandir Shri Khowara Nath Bhairu Ji Masjid Gole Piao Mayo College Modani Sadan Mithe Nim Wale Baba Ka Mazar Nagar Nigam Narsingh Das Ji Ki Haveli Narsingh Temple Nathu Dharamshala Office District Police Superitendent Office Of Maszid Committee Pilee Kothi Prachin Anpuraneshwari Mahadevji Ka Mandir Prachin Balaji Ka Mandir Prachin Laxmi Narayan Mandir Prachin Shiv Mandir Prachin Shri Satyanarayan Bhagwan Ka Mandir Prithaviraj Smarak Raghunath Bhawan Railway Station Rajkiya Moiniya Islamic School Rajkiya Kanya Vidyalya Rajkiya Kendriya Balika High School Rajkiya Sangrahalya Gateway Rama Kishana Parmahans Circle Ramdayal Ki Haveli Ramprasad Ki Kachehri Robson Memorial Cathedral Saheli Bazar Salbaba Temple Samir Bhawan Satyanarayan Aggrawal Bhawan Satyanarayan Aggrawal Bhawan Satyanarayan Temple Sentinari Maithodis Charch
Purani Mandi Chotai Ganj
Shahid Smarak (Shri Madan Lai Dhingra) Shiria Ji Ka Building Shree Kameshwar Mahadev Mandir Shree Prachin Panchmukhi Hanuman Mandir And Waibhaw Mahalaxmi Mandir Shri Bajrang Garh Mandir Shri Digambar Jain Bish Panth (Chhota Dhar)
Railway Station Naya Bazar Daulatbagh Agra Gate, Ajmer (Outer)
Near Sola Khamba Ana Sagar Naya Bazar
Tara Garh Inder Kot
Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar H N 812, Dargah Bazar Jaipur Road Dargah Bazar Kesar Ganj Dhan Mandi Madar Gate Agra Gate, Ajmer (Outer) Ganj Chauraha Bhofa Bhaw, Inder Kot Taragarh Nasiya Ke Pas Pilee Kothi Ke Samne, Kesar Ganj Govt College Near Nagar Nigam, Purani Mandi Nagar Sudhas Nyas Chawk, Ajmer Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar Agra Gate, Ajmer (Outer) Nehru Nagar - Ajay Nagar Suraj Narayan Park, Dayanad Marg Agra Gate, Ajmer (Outer) Ghasi Muhalla, Ajmer City Laxmi Chawk, Naya Bazar St Mary Church, Jaipur Road
Near Daulatbagh
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130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 42 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151
Shri Digambar Jain Bish Panth(Bada Ghar) Shri Digamber Jain Sirkar Chaityalaya Shri Durga Mata Mandir Shri Laxmi Narayan Ji Ka Mandir Shri Rajrajeswar Mahadev Mandir Shri Rani Sati Jee Mandir Sikh Gurudwara Soni Ji Ki Nasiya Solaha Khamba Masjid St. Marys Church Subhash Udyan Suraj Kund Balaji Mandir Tamani Gate Tara Bhawan Tara Garh Ka Baoljs Taragadh Fort Thana Sadar Kotwali Tripoliya Gateway Udaya Guest House Vaidik Yantralya Vatika Bhawan Victoria Jubilee Tower
Dargah Way Nasiya Ke Pas Govt College Agra Gate, Ajmer (Outer) Near Sadar Thana Kotwali Near Agra Gate Hathi Bata Near Khwaja Sahib Dargah, Tamani Gate Nr Railway Station Madar Gate Dargah Bazar Ganj Chauraha Taragarh Taragarh Gpo Garib Nawaz Ka Mohalla(Near Dhai Jhopda) Dargah Bazar Kesar Ganj, Near Dayanand Ashram Agrasen Chawk Railway Station
(Table 7: Reference: Naya Bazaar Inclusive Urban Renewal- Detailed Project Report, prepared by CEPT for World Bank, City Development Plan, INTACH Listing for Ajmer and IGNCA Listing for Ajmer and on site mapping The Detailed List of Built Heritage Assets for Pushkar is as follows
S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Structure Aanand Kutir Ashram Asthbhuj Bekunth Ashram Bada Ganesh Ji ka Mandir Badri Narayan Temple Bhavan Bheirav Ka Mandir Bihari ji Ka Temple Bramha Mandir Devrani Jethani ki Baori Digambar Jain Mandir Gau Mukh Gayatri Ashram Guru Nanak Darbar Sahib Hanuman Baori Jamani kund Ashram Kalika Mata Temple Kalu Baba ka Mandir Kapaleswar Mahadev Mandir Kapil Kund
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22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63 64
Kedar Nath Temple Koteswar Mahadev Temple Mahadev Mandir Mahal Badshahi (Jahangir) Mahaprabhuji ki Bethak Nausar Mata Nav Khandiya Neelkanth Mahadev Temple New Rang ji Temple Nirmal Ashram Old Rang ji ka Temple Om Prakash Ashram Panch Kund Pandeswar Mahadev Papmochini Mata Temple Patharai Mata Prachin Hanuman gadhi Prem Prakash Ashram Ram Dham Ram Lakshman Temple Ramya Ram Ashram Sanyas Ashram Savitri Mata Temple Shahi Masjid Sheetal Ashram Shree Atmteshwar Temple Shri pushkaraj Dharamshala Mahal Badshahi (Jahangir) Sunset Point Varah Temple Bhuteshwar Mahadev Uttarmukhi Hanuman Vishnu Sarovar Budha Pushkar Sudhavapi Bhatway Ganesh Temple Pushkarni - Shivanand Ashram Vamdev Muni ki Gufa Vishwamitri Ashram Agatsya Muni Ashram Chamunda Mata Mandir Shree Ram Jharokha
(Table 8: Reference: Pushkar Inclusive Urban Renewal- Detailed Project Report, prepared by CEPT for World Bank, City Development Plan, Post-Graduate Thesis on Pushkar Ghats prepared by Neha Saxena for SPA, Delhi)
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KEY OPEN SPACES WITHIN AJMER AND PUSHKAR (INCLUDING STREETS, CHOWKS, WATER-FRONTS AND GARDENS) Though Built Heritage forms a considerable proportion of the overall heritage asset mapping exercise in Ajmer and Pushkar, it is important to develop coherent connections between individual buildings and sites, which may be seen in the form of open spaces. Mapping of character areas, or heritage areas is also undertaken considering both the built form as well as the open space within its surroundings. In Ajmer and Pushkar, broadly, open spaces have been divided into the f ollowing typologies 1. Parks, Gardens and Water-fronts 2. Streets 3. Chowks and Plazas These tangible heritage assets help delineate zones, and have been listed below
Parks, Gardens and Water fronts (Ghats) The key parks, gardens and water-fronts in Ajmer have been listed below S.No. 1
Name Daulat Bagh and Subhash Udyan
Location alongside Anasagar lakefront
2
Vishram Sthali
Near Anasagar
3
Luv Kush Garden
West of Daulat Bagh along Anasagar
4
Chaupatti
5
Azaad Park
In the city area
6
Vijay Lakshmi Park
In the city area
7
Idgah Market Park
In the city area
8
Sitaram Baba ki Bagichi
In the city area
East of Daulat Bagh along Anasagar
The key Water Fronts (Ghats) in Pushkar are S.No.
Name
1
Amar Nath Ghat
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Asthal Ghat Badri Ghat Balunda Ghat Bangla Ghat Bansi Ghat Bharatpur Ghat Chandra Ghat Chhik Mata Ghat Chir Ghat Chodipedi Ghat Dadich Ghat
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13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Gandhi Ghat Gangaur Ghat Gau Ghat Gwalior Ghat Hada Ghat Indra Ghat Jagannath Ghat Jaipur Ghat and Guru Gobind Singh Janana Ghat Jodhpur Ghat Kalyan Ghat Karani Ghat Karmanchal Ghat
26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Kota Ghat Mahadev Ghat Mukhya Brahma Ghat Nagar Ghat Narsing Ghat Palika Ghat Parshuram Ghat
33 34 35 36
Rajbohra Ghat Ram Ghat Regram Ghat Sapta Rishi Ghat
37 38 39
Savitri Ghat Shiva Ghat Shree Krishna Ghat
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Tarani Ghat Vallabh Ghat Varah Ghat Veer Gurjar Ghat Veshya Ghat Vishram Ghat Yagya Ghat
Ghat
(Table 9: Reference: Pushkar Inclusive Urban Renewal- Detailed Project Report, prepared by CEPT for World Bank ,City Development Plan, Pushkar as well as Post-Graduate Thesis on Pushkar Ghats prepared by Neha Saxena for SPA, Delhi)
Major Streets and Roads The major streets in Ajmer with dense concentration of either built heritage assets or intangible heritage assets are S.No.
Name
1 2
Dargah Bazaar Naya Bazaar
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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Nala Bazaar Purani Mandi Road Delhi Gate Road Diggi Bazaar Station Road (Jaipur Road) Srinagar Road Kotwali Road Anderkot Road Khazaana Gali Chudi Bazaar Karakka Chowk Pir Mithaa Gali Ganj Road Daulat Bagh Road Pushkar Road Agra Gate Road Patti Katna Road Nehar Mohulla Gali Madar Gate Road Bhagwan Adi Nath Marg Kutchery Road
The major streets in Pushkar near the Ghats area with dense concentration of built heritage area are listed below S.No.
Name
1 2 3 4 5
Brahma Temple Road Main Market Road Parikrama Marg Khare Khadi Road Paanch Kund Road
Area
Major Chowks The major chowks, junctions and plazas in Ajmer are listed below S.No.
Name
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Lakshmi Chowk Holi Dhaddha Chowk Karakka Chowk Diggi Chowk Dayanand Market Circle Modiana Gali Chowk Gol Piyao Chowk Dargah Bazaar Chowk
Area
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Figure 24: Mapping of listed Heritage Assets of Ajmer
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Figure 25: Mapping of listed Heritage Assets of Pushkar
3.2.2 INTANGIBLE HERITAGE ASSETS Intangible Heritage Assets of the City broadly include the following categories Crafts and Folk Arts Fairs and festivals Cuisine In Ajmer, the heaviest concentration of traditional crafts and folk art practices is within the Wall ed City area, near the Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and the Ajmer Dargah Sharif, where continuity of traditional crafts can be seen. In Pushkar, the entire economy of the city hinges on the popularity of List of Intangible heritage in Ajmer
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Name
Type of heritage
Description
Value
Khwaja Moin-Ud-Din Chishti Urs
Festival
It has huge historic value as it is the most popular festival in the city. Large number of devotees and tourists visiting the city from outside in the 6 days Increased commercial activity during that time by both the locals as well as the visitors
Nand Utsav
Festival
International Sufi Festival
Music Festival
Malpua
Cuisine
The six day festival is held in the memory of Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chishti, a highly revered Sufi saint. Going by the legends, the saint left for heavenly abode after serving people for over a century by going in seclusion for six days. Millions of pilgrims visit Ajmer during Urs. It starts with the hoisting of a white flag over the dargah of Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chishti, with free flowing music serving the perfect backdrop. Festivities (mehfils) continue late in nights, devotees clapping in perfect symphony to the singers and musicians. The sixth day of Urs, Chatti Sharif, is considered as the most auspicious of all the days. Badhaawa (a poem of praise) is the main attraction of this day and being a part of t he mass that sways with music is an out-of-theworld experience.It takes place in either April or May depending on the lunar calendar. Janamashtami festival marks the birth of Lord Krishna, the most venerated God in the Hindu pantheon. Devotees celebrate it by fasting and a prayer, which is followed by feasting at night. The Rangnath temple remains open throughout the night and birth of Lord Krishna is celebrated at midnight. People distribute Prasad (holy offerings) on the next morning to celebrate Nand Utsav. It takes place in July/August Though the International Sufi Festival was held in 2011 for the first time, it’s already a rage. It celebrates the life and teachings of Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chishti and has the most revered works of Sufi music, art and culture for the audience. Performances by dervishes (Muslim monks) are a major draw of this week long festival. Connoisseurs from the realms of art, poetry, crafts, fashion and more from all over the world visit the fest. Sweet eating speciality of Ajmer
Leather
Craft
The leather work follows the typical Jawaja
Attracts large numbers of tourists from outside the city as well as the country National as well as international artists come to the city increasing its value in the global market. It has community value as it is served during celebration and festivals. Large numbers of small businesses depend on making and selling of malpua. It has aesthetic value
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Work
Marble Carving
Craft
Kalbelia
Performing Art
stitch, the Raigarh community were involved in manufacturing of various leather products such as jutti and chraras(hilt of swords), bags for pulling out water from well. The local marble carvings in the area of Kishangarh are famous for their intricate skills, the marble is imported from Makrana Local Dance form recognised in Intangible Heritage Listing of UNESCO
It has aesthetic value
It has high cultural and social value
Name
Type of Heritage
Description
Value
Maha Shivratri
Fairs and Festivals
It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 2500.
Holi
Fairs and Festivals
Shiva, the main deity is worshipped on this day. People go to Shiva temples in the town and on the ghats and office fruits and drinks such as milk, dhatura, bore, mogri etc. to the deity. Most widely celebrated seasonal festival in North India. The burning of the effigy of the deamoness Holika signifies the triumph of Good over evil. People smear with Gulal and spray colored water on each other. Water of the sarovar and mainly the kunds in it are often used as a source of water to play Holi. Procession of Venugopal (deity of the South Indians) is taken out from Rangji temple. It is celebrated for 15 days. The process is taken from the temple to Varah Chowk everyday and on the last day all over the town. Finally the idol is taken to Varah Ghat for a ritual bath on the last day. Held on the full moon day of Vaishakh maas and pilgrims perform the Panchtirth snan. It is also considered as auspicious as the Kartik maas purnima. People specially female pilgrim one before and stay in dharamshalas. An early morning holy bath is taken in the sarovar. Ved Vyas, the Guru of Parashar Brahmins is worshipped on this day. Also called Vyas Jayanti. People go to Ashrams and other places of preaching and considering the preachers as representatives of their Guru, worship them. They also conduct bhandaras where a large number of pilgrims are fed. It is a festival mainly for the girls(chhoti teej) and married women (badi teej) held on the third day of the bright half of the month of Shravan. Girls do fasting on the day and
Brahma Utsav
Fairs and Festivals
Vaishakha Shukla Purmina
Fairs and Festivals
Guru Purnima
Fairs and Festivals
Teej ka Mela
Fairs and Festivals
It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 500. It also attracts a large number of foreign tourists. It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 2500.
It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 3000.
It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 5001000.
It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 2000.
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Rakshabandh an
Fairs and Festivals
Ganesh Chaturdi
Fairs and Festivals
Kartik Mela and Cattle Fair
Fairs and Festivals
Makar Sakranti
Fairs and Festivals
Somavati Amavasya
Fairs and Festivals
Mayur Morni
Performin
women perform rituals along with t heir husbands. Fair is held on the occasion and people from nearby villages and town come to Pushkar. On full moon day of Shravan, young girls and women celebrate this day by tying Rakhi on their brother’s wrist and seek his protection in times of troubles. People go to ghats along with pandits. They take a religious bath in sarovar to purify their bodies and soul before the tying of Rakhi. The sacred thread is also worshipped and purified with milk. Lord Ganesha is worshipped on this occasion. Main festival celebrated in Maharashtra, it has now gained impetus in Pushkar and other parts of the state and county as well. The Ganesha idols are decorated and mainly sweets are offered to it. The idol is then taken to the ghats by people (also pilgrims from Maharashtra) and immersed into the sarovar. Held every year for 15 days. While pilgrims take a holy bath in sarovar, tourists & villagers trade cattle along with craft items. Pilgrims take a holy bath at various ghats (mainly – Brahma, Gau and Varah ghats). Aarti is held every morning and evening and people light oil lamps and float them on leaf boats into the sarovar.
Celebrated when the sun enters the Makar rashi. It falls on the the 14 th of January and is considered to be auspicious. People celebrate it by flying kites. In order to gain blessings, people offer dan and dakshina to the pandits in the form of money or even silver products. They also offer til and gur (jaggery) products. Cows are also fed on the day to gain blessings from Gau mata. Celebrated on the day when lunar eclipse falls on a Monday. Considered auspicious and pilgrims (locals as well as from all over state) com to bathe in the sacred sarovar. The Mayur or peacock dance is created from
It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 500.
It has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 2000.
It has huge historic value as it is the most popular festival in the city It also has religious significance and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 2 – 3 lakhs. A lot of artists, photographers and tourists come to Pushkar from outside the city as well as the country. It also has religious significance and and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 2000.
It also has religious significance and and attracts an estimated number of Pilgrims is 1000. It has community value as
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g Art
Kalbelia
Name Chari Dancers
Turban Tying and Tilak (competions)
Malpua
Dal, baati, Churma
Performin g Art
Type of Heritage Performin g Art
Performin g Art
Food
Food
an episode in the love lore of Radha and Krishna: Radha, pining for Krishna after a brief separation, decides to console herself by the sight of peacocks, whose feathers Krishna wears on his crown. Krishna, knowing her mind from afar, playfully causes the peacocks to disappear, leaving Radha distraught. He eventually yields to Radha’s entreaties and himself appears in the guise of a peacock to dance with his beloved. Kalbelia dance is a folk dance of Rajasthan. It is well known by other names like ‘Sapera Dance’ or ‘Snake Charmer Dance’ and is performed by the rajasthani tribe called Kalbelia. It has a traditional musical instrument which is Been and other traditional musical instruments like Dufli, Morchang, Dholak, Khanjari and Khuralio
. Description The famous Chari dance belongs to Gujjar community of Ajmer and Kishangarh and only women perform in this dance. These ladies carry brass pots on their heads. These pots are kept ignited with the cotton seeds dipped in oil. Turban tying and tilak competition are a big attraction for tourists. All participants are foreign tourists.
Malpua is a sweet dish look like yellow round thin bread with holes. It is made by flour, cow milk, sugar, and butter. Malpua is very popular sweet dish among local priest and it is used as offering to God as well.
Rajasthani food is full of butter and Dal, Bati, Churma is the finest example. Dal(lentil), Bati (baked wheat balls) and Choorma (sweet cereal powder). Dal Bati Churma is usually served either during the lunch time or dinner time.
people gather to perform/watch. This dance is performed mainly during the festival of Kartik Mela.
It has community value as people gather to perform/watch.
Value It has community value as people gather to perform/watch.
It has community value as people gather to perform/watch. This is a competition and mainly performed during the Kartik Mela. It has community value as it is served during celebration and festivals. Large numbers of small businesses depend on making and selling of malpua. It has community value as it is served during celebration and festivals.Large numbers of small businesses depend on making and selling of
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Dal, baati, Churma.
Lassi
Food
Lassi is made of curd mix with sugar, salt, cumin seed, caradamon and saffron. The mixture is prepared in earthen pot by churning through a Mathani (Local wooden instrument).
It has community value as it is served during celebration and festivals.A decent number of small businesses depend on making and selling of Lassi.
Swords and knives
Arts and crafts
It has aesthetic value.
Puppets
Arts and crafts
The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items like knives, swords, sticks, accessories for the cattle amongst many Not only during the fair, entire year are these products sold in the streets of Pushkar. In camel fair, local people or villagers from remote locations of Rajasthan‘s showcase aerobics on bamboo poles and use swords. A form of theatrical performance, puppetry is an ancient art form of storytelling performed especially during carnivals as a mode of entertainment. Wooden carved Puppets in the shape of various characters from epics and myths are used for this play to make the story telling easy.
Description
Value
The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items of brass utensils. The process of creating the utensils begins with procuring cooled cakes of metal that are flattened into thin plates and then hammered into curved shapes. Utensils are manually finished by polishing with traditional materials such as sand and tamarind juice. Designs are made by skillfully hammering a series of tiny dents into the heated metal. The shops around the Pushkar fair sell this item. The cover is embroidered using colorful threads and different colored cloth base. The design varies as per individual camel owner’s choice as well the person who makes it. The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items of tie and dye printed clothing. Bandhani is an ancient art practiced mainly in Western India and is the art of tying small dots on fabric with a continuous thread and dyeing. The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items block printed clothing. The art of block
It has aesthetic value.
Name Brass utensils
Type of Heritage Arts and crafts
Embroidery clothes camel cover
Arts and crafts
Tie and dye printed textile
Arts and crafts
Block printed textiles
Arts and crafts
It has community value as people gather to perform/watch It has aesthetic value.
These brass utensils are also used by the Chari dancers during their performances.
It has aesthetic value
It has aesthetic value
It has aesthetic value
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Wood and ivory carving
Arts and crafts
Enameled Jewelry
Arts and crafts
Pottery
Arts and crafts
Silver works
Arts and crafts
Printing employs wooden or metal blocks to print designs and patterns on fabric, by hand. Block Printing is unique because the artist creates the block before printing. It is carved onto the block by hand. Usually vegetable dyes, mineral, and non-toxic dyes are used. The fabric is designed by first dipping the carved block in the desired colour. The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items of wood and ivory carving which is done on decorative items like figures of animals, people, flower motifs etc. The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items of Enameled jewellery. Creatively crafted pieces of jewellery use combinations of enamelling and kundan work which are unique to Rajasthan. The motifs, usually figures of birds, animals, landscapes, flowers and esoteric symbols are cut skillfully. The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items such as pots, diyas etc. A mixture of clay is used to on the potter's wheel and pots of various shapes and sizes are created manually. The shops around the Pushkar fair sell items such as silver jewellery, home products, decorative items etc.
It has aesthetic value
It has aesthetic value
It has aesthetic value
It has aesthetic value
3.3 MAPPING OF THE ASSETS – DELINEATION OF PRIORITY HERITAGE AREAS Based on the compilation of lists of Natural Heritage Assets, Built Heritage Assets, Open Spaces and Intangible Heritage Assets, certain areas emerge as having ensembles of heritage that should be looked at cohesively for development, conservation, infrastructure upgradation, i nterpretation etc.
The Walled City of Ajmer and its peripheral areas should be looked at as a Historic Town, since it has clearly defined limits and boundaries. Within the Walled City Area, certain areas are listed as Priority Zones based on increasing levels of significance aligned with identification of issues which need urgent attention. These areas are: 1. Ajmer Dargah Sahrif including Delhi Gate, Dargah Bazaar street and Chowk 2. Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) including Badshahi Haveli, Gol Piyao, Lodha Haveli, Lakshmi Chowk, Lakshmi Chowk Gateway and Naya Bazaar street extending beyond the Walled City to Soni ji Ki Nasiyan which is a major religious destination 3. Ghee Mandi Road including Satyanarayan Temple, Ghee Mandi Gate, Chota Ghara Temple and Charbhuja Temple
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4. Karakka Chowk, including Lunia Haveli, Dhado ki Haveli among other significant Havelis forming a precinct of historic residential fabric 5. Diggi Bazaar Road with Diggi Chowk and Diggi Haveli and Talab 6. Adhai Din ka Jhompra Precinct including Adhai Din ka Jhompra, Tripolia Gate, Kela Baoli, Bada Baoli on Andar Kot Road Among the above primary heritage zones that are a conglomeration of primary and secondary tanglibelheritage assets listed earlier, the assets 1 -3 also incorporate a large variety of intangible heritage in terms of cuisine and crafts. Beyond the Walled City of Ajmer are the Colonial expansions of the city’s extent as well as the Mughal recreational spaces near the Anasagar L ake 7. Anasagar Lake including the Anasagar, Daulat Bagh and Subhash Udyan, Baradari, Saheli Bazaar, Chaupatti, Anasagar Ghat, Luv Kush Garden, Bajrang Garh 8. Foysagar Lake including gardens, promenade along with the lake itself 9. King Edward Memorial along with Bibi ka Maqbara, Abdulla Khan ka Maqbara, Railway Station, Victoria Jubilee Clock tower, GPO Building, Nagar Nigam, Hathi Bhatta, Saint Cathedral Church 10. Colonial Axis including Dayanand Market Circle, St. Mary’s Church, Covenant English Church, leading up to Mayo College, Ajmer In Pushkar, the scope identified within the HRIDAY Plan is to look only at certain areas within the city, which have been identified as Priority Zones. These are 11. Pushkar Lake Precinct including Parikrama and Ghats 12. Brahma Temple and its access and environs Section 7 will further priortise 5 heritage areas from these 12 primary heritage asset/s precincts based on significance, identification of infrastructure issues and stakeholder consultations.
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SECTION 4 REVIEW OF EXISITNG INITIATIVES REVIEW OF PLANS, POLICIES AND INVESTMENT POSSIBILITIES
This section reviews the existing Master, CDP, Zonal Plan, Regional Plan of Ajmer and existing polices of Central and State Government applicable to the city. It also lists the projects undertaken by ULB and existing investment opportunities.
4.1. REVIEW OF MASTER PLAN, CDP, ZONAL PLAN, REGIONAL PLAN Ajmer Master Development Plan (2013-2033) The 20 year Master Plan for Ajmer is drafted by ADA (Ajmer D evelopment Authority) in 2011-12 for and is available on the ADA website for public. The first section deals with the regional plan o f Ajmer district while the remaining sections focus on the city area and sectoral plans.
Figure 26: Land use and Investment maps in Ajmer Master Plan
The Master Plan clearly outlines the cultural significance of various historical sites as well as the industrial role of the city. It specifically provides details of tourists and vehicles entering and getting out daily from Ajmer. It plans to cater for tourism development and transport infrastructure for the city based on this data. It further outlies electricity, water supply and sewerage sector details besides providing a detailed land use m ap. Its focus is in emphasising the investment opportunities that arise for the city being part of the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor. The Master Plan envisages the population growth of Ajmer by 2033 as 9.5 Lakhs. The plan also covers adjunct towns of Pushkar and Kishangarh. It includes proposals for substantial development of transport infrastructure including a national level airport at Kishangarh. It proposes development of the city as a Tourist/ Festival city, Knowledge City and Transportation Hub. There are no Zonal Plan yet developed by the AMC or ADA.
City Development Plan The City Development Plan (CDP) was prepared in 2006 for the cities of Ajmer and Pushkar, as part of the initiative of the Government of Rajasthan to access funds from the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The CDP assesses and analyses the existing scenario in Ajmer well with clearly marking out the key issues in different sectors. It lays out the institutional arrangements and framework in Ajmer in detail and summarises the financials of the city. Suggestions for improvement of infrastructure- traffic and transportation, tourism and heritage conservation, water supply, sewerage and sanitation, storm water drainage, lake conservation and development, solid waste management, services for urban poor, and i nstitutional strengthening are included in the CDP. These are done with a list of proposed projects and their estimated costs. The
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total investment proposed under JnNURM for tourism and heritage conservation in the CDP prepared in 2006 was 56.84 crores. The table below indicates funding sought under the two SubMissions i.e. Sub-Mission I – Urban Infrastructure and Governance and Sub-Mission II - Basic Services to the Urban Poor.
Table 10 : Summary of capital investment in Ajmer (Source: CDP) The above figure indicates that maximum share of financial outlay under JNNURM was sought for Water Supply and Traffic-Transport sectors, in consonance with City s priorities as evolved from the Stakeholders discussions. Huge share in water supply sector can be attributed to the capital investment proposed for Phase II of Bisalpur- Ajmer water supply project. Tourism and heritage conservation sector devolution accounts directly for only 5 percent of the outlay. Approximately 1 % of the investment is sought under i nstitutional strengthening, to improve ULB s technical capacities, enhance public participation and implement reforms. (Source: CDP). From this outlay of 1490 Crores, more than Rs. 400 crores was already given to the city and utilised for Bisalpur Water Supply project, Dargah Area upgradation and few other infrastructure projects.
Table 11: Summary of capital investment in Pushkar (Source: CDP) For Pushkar, a substantial amount of Rs. 27. 80 crores was sought under CDP for Heritage and Tourism. Approximately 1 % of the investment is sought under institutional strengthening, to improve ULB s technical capacities, enhance public participation and implement reforms.
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4.2 EXISTING POLICIES OF CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT APPLICABLE TO THE CITY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES National Conservation Policy for Protected Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains In January, 2011, an 18-member National Committee on Conservation Policy (NCCP) for the formulated by the Ministry of Culture to help ASI draft the National Conservation Policy for Protected monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains. The Committee, comprising experts from different organisations and professional backgrounds, was mandated to help ASI with the formulation of conservation policy, develop guidelines for conservation and maintenance of protected monuments, devising conservation principles, incorporating best international practices in conservation. Draft “National Conservation Policy for Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains” aims to not only draw from ASI’s rich legacy for conservation and various international guidelines available but attempts a more inclusive and contemporary approach to conservation. The Policy attempts to put a monument in perspective (as a ubiquitous part of its setting), underpins the role of local communities and traditional craftsmanship as an integral part of conservation process. The Policy also deals with very important and topical aspects like tourism, development (within and aro und), capacity building and building partnerships. The draft conservation policy focusses only on the protected monuments, archaeological sites and remain, protected by the Archaeological Survey of India under its Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains (AMASR) Act, 1958 (A mendment and Validation, 2010). Ajmer and Pushkar have several ASI protected monuments as listed in Chapter 3 where this policy is applicable. Even Rajasthan State Archaeology is following this policy for a number of its protected monuments.
Draft National Tourism Policy 2015 A National Policy on Tourism for India was first formulated in 1982. Highlighting the importance of the sector and the objectives of tourism development in the country, the National Tourism Policy responded to emerging challenges and opportunities. Keeping with the economic environment of the times, the Policy took a broad view on sectoral growth. While offering overarching direction for the nation’s tourism industry, the role o f the private sector and foreign investment were not central to its focus. Similarly, Domestic tourism and product development were other areas, which were not fully addressed in the Policy. Subsequently, the National Tourism Policy 2002 was formulated with the objective of positioning tourism as a major engine of economic growth and to harness it’s direct and multiplier effects for generating employment and eradicating poverty in an environmentally sustainable manner. It recognized domestic tourism as a maj or driver of tourism growth and acknowledged the critical role of the private sector with the Government playing the role of facilitator and catalyst. The Policy highlighted seven key areas that would provide the required thrust to tourism development. These were : Swagat (welcome), Soochana (information), Suvidha (facilitation), Suraksha (safety), Sahyog (cooperation), Samrachana (infrastructure development) and Safai (cleanliness).
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The National Tourism Policy 2002 was futuristic with guiding principles that hold relevance even today. It offered an exceptional degree of conceptual alignment around definition and activation of destination India’s core offering to the international travelling market, as well as identifying opportunities for domestic tourism growth. While offering a critical framework for the destination proposition, the Policy was not backed by a concrete ‘Plan of Action’. This framework for implementation was central to realization of the destination’s potential. The 2015 policy development process therefore sought to push the 2002 policy into a new status of focused implementation. Moreover there have since been widespread, interrelated global developments and advancements, which have had a strong bearing on the Tourism sector. These include, amongst others: Increased desire and financial mobility for travel of the middle classes (domestic and international) Step-change increase in air access (airlines, airports and route development) in tandem to decreases in the cost of travel Growth in the quest of travellers for immersive experiences rich in cultural and natural exposure Path-breaking innovations in the field of Information Technology, including mobile usage, digital content creation and sharing More importantly, appreciation of the tourism economy amongst heads of state and policy makers and Increasing tourism-related infrastructure investment. With the above in mind, and recognizing the need to continuously examine the sector policy vis-à-vis the changing traveller and industry landscape, the Ministry of Tourism has re-visited the National Tourism Policy 2002 and drafted the National Tourism Policy 2015.
The National Tourism Policy 2015 seeks to take into account s uch developments, as well as to put in place a concrete Action Plan to achieve the objectives of the Policy. Critically, this policy addresses the issues of achieving growth commensurate with our potential, within a framework of: Responsibility (in line with UNWTO’s Global Code of Ethics) Social, environmental and cultural preservation, protection and promotion Opportunities for community development Job creation for youth and women SME development
National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship The objective of the National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015 will be to meet the challenge of skilling at scale with speed and standard (quality). It will aim to provide an umbrella framework to all skilling activities being carried out within the country, to align them to common standards and link the skilling with demand centres. In addition to laying down the objectives and expected outcomes, the effort will also be to identify the various institutional frameworks which can act as the vehicle to reach the expected outcomes. The national policy will also provide clarity and coherence on how skill development efforts across the country can be aligned within the existing institutional arrangements. This policy will link skills development to improved employability and productivity.
Besides above Central Government policies, specific schemes and programmes under the Ministry of Tourism (PRASAD and SWADESH DARSHAN) and the Ministry of Urban Development (AMRUT, SMART City) provide significant opportunities for dovetailing with identified Ajmer HRIDAY Plan.
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Rajasthan Tourism Unit Policy 2015 Rajasthan is a leading tourism State in the country. Development of tourism resources and increasing both, domestic and foreign tourist arrivals is a high priority area for the Union and State Governments. Therefore, there is a need for expanding tourist centric infrastructural facilities to keep pace with the present trends and for potential tourism growth in the State. Department of Tourism had announced a Rajasthan Tourism Unit Policy in 2007. This Policy will now be replaced by Rajasthan Tourism Unit Policy, 2015 in order to extend more support and incentives for establishment of Tourism Units in the State. The new Policy has been framed keeping in view the guidelines under the 'Suraj Sankalp' Policy document, new emerging trends in the tourism sector, representations given by various stakeholders including the tourism and trade organisations and also the suggestions received from other departments. The Rajasthan Tourism Unit Policy, 2015 primarily addresses issues relating to time bound conversion of land for tourism units including new hotels and heritage hotels, time bound approval of building plans, grant of Patta to heritage hotels, allotment of land for tourism units on DLC (District Level Committee) rates, applicability of Rajasthan Investment Promotion Scheme, 2014 (RIPS-2014) for tourism units and smooth and speedy implementation of the provisions of related departments like Revenue, Urban Development and Housing (UDH) & Local Self Government (LSG), Panchayati Raj, etc. It is expected that this Policy will strengthen the existing infrastructure, will foster infrastructure development, income and employment generation and increase the much needed availability of hotel rooms for the tourists. By allowing Heritage Hotels in Rural Abadi/Panchayat areas Rural Tourism is likely to increase manifold. The definition of Tourism Unit has been expanded to cover various types of tourism units and activities including budget hotels, heritage hotels, resorts, golf courses, adventure sports, etc. It is expected that these steps will bring speedy investment in the State.
Acts for heritage protection and conservation The protection of historical monuments has found place in the Constitution of India, in the form of one of the obligations of every state government (Article 49, Part IV, Directive Principles of State Policy). The Union List, the State List and the Local List all carry the entry historical monuments. For the most important monuments, the Parliament is competent to make laws and declare them as National Monuments. The current national legislations on conservation of Monuments/Sites for protection of heritage structure are as follows:
The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904, which provides effective preservation and authority over the monument particularly for those monument which are under the custody of individual and private ownership. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 (amended 2010) and Rules 1959, which provides for the preservation of ancient and historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance, for the regulation of historical excavations and for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other similar objects. Antiquities and Art Treasure Act 1972 and Rules 1973, which provide effective control, regulation of exports, prevention of smuggling and fraudulent dealing, over the moveable cultural property consisting of antiquities and art treasures.
Development of policies, regulations and guidelines at local, regional and state level, is the primary step towards conservation and protection of heritage.
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State legislations - Marwar Ancient Monuments Preservation Ordinance was introduced in 1928. In 1941 Jaipur enacted Ancient Monuments and Preservation Act, covering protection and preservation of monuments and also prohibiting traffic in antiquities out of state. Under provision of the national legislation of 1958 (the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act), Rajasthan Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Antiquities Act 1961 (Act XIX of 1961) was enforced by the State of Rajasthan to grant protection to important monuments. The Act provides stringent laws for notification, preservation and protection of monuments/sites of historic, archaeological or artistic significance, which have been in existence for not less than 100 years and are not included under law in the national monuments list published by the Center.
Apart from this, Building by-laws enacted at city level have provisions to restrict and control building activities, and regulations for conservation and protection of monuments. The draft act for regulation and facilitation of tourism, and heritage conservation, in the State, is under advanced stages of preparation. The guiding State policy for promotion of tourism in Rajasthan aims to achieve sustainable economic development, while preserving and protecting natural and built heritage.
4.3 EXISTING AND UPCOMING INVESTMENT POSSIBILITES Among the various schemes and programmes outlined by the Central and State Government, there are various possibilities of investment for Ajmer –Pushkar area which are briefly outlined below:
1. Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor – Under Node 9 of this scheme Ajmer-Kishangarh Investment Region would be located close by the alignment of Dedicated Freight Corridor at Ajmer. Main minerals of the area are feldspar, quartz, asbestos, soapstone, manganese, calcite, limestone, mica, emerald, marble, granite, and masonry stone. This investment region will be served by two National Highways viz. NH-8 for Delhi-Mumbai and NH-79 for Ajmer-Chittaurgarh-Indore. Four/Six laning of NH-8 is completed. 2. PRASAD and SWADESH DARSHAN under Ministry of Tourism –In pursuance of the budget announcement 2014-15, the Ministry of To urism has launched two new plan schemes (i) “National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD)” and (ii) “SWADESH DARSHAN”. Both the schemes are to be implemented in mission mode. Developing world-class infrastructure in the respective destinations/circuits is o ne of the mission objectives of the schemes. Under PRASAD, initially, twelve cities namely Amritsar, Ajmer, Amaravati, Dwaraka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Kedarnath, Kamakhya, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi and Vellankani have been identified for development. Following projects have been submitted by AMC and PMB under PRASAD
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S. No. 1
2
Name of work
Description
Cost in lacs
Agency
Construction of 4 Nos. Chattari surrounding Anasagar at Ram Prasad Ghat near Chopati back side of N.C.C. office, regional college circle and in front of Regional College Gate. Foy Sagar Lake and Garden Improvement/ Beautification
As per details given in forecast estimate
120.00
Ajmer Municipal Corporation, Ajmer
As per details given in forecast estimate As per details given in forecast estimate
5100.00
Ajmer Municipal Corporation, Ajmer
50.00
Nagar Palika, Pushkar
25.00
Nagar Palika, Pushkar Nagar Palika, Pushkar
3
Light and Sound show at Pushkar
4
Musical Fountain in Pushkar Sarovar
5
Construction of 4 entrance gate at Pushkar
6
New Pushkar Fairground Improvement/ Beautification
As per details given in forecast estimate As per details given in forecast estimate Total Cost
132.00
800.00
Nagar Palika, Pushkar
6227.00
Table 12: Source: AMC
3. AMRUT under MoUD – The Mission will focus on the following Thrust Areas: i. Water Supply, ii. Sewerage facilities and septage management, iii. Storm Water drains to reduce flooding, iv. Pedestrian, non-motorized and public transport facilities, parking spaces, and v. Enhancing amenity value of cities by creating and upgrading green spaces, parks and recreation centers, especially for children. The State Government of Rajasthan in consultation wiith MoUD has already outlined the investment required for Ajmer Pushkar area under AMRUT amounting to infrastructure works of approximately 150 crores for the above components. 4. SMART City under MoUD – Ajmer is identified to be part of the list of 100 SMART cities to be developed by MoUD in Phase 1. The strategic components of Area-based development in the Smart Cities Mission are city improvement (retrofitting), city renewal (redevelopment) and city extension (greenfield development) plus a Pan-city initiative in which Smart Solutions are applied covering larger parts of the city. Substantial investment is expected for upgrading Ajmer-Pushkar areas under this scheme. 5. Tourism Department / Archaeology Department /Devsthan Department, Government of Rajasthan – The State Departments of Tourism, Archaeology and Devsthan have allocated specific projects under the State Budget announcement for undertaking specific works in Ajmer- Pushkar namely promotion of Heritage Walk, Museum at Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and a management plan for the Brahma Temple and Sarovar at Pushkar.
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4.4 PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY ULB ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASSETS AND ITS SURROUNDINGS The main projects implemented during NURM in Ajmer are as below: The sanctioned projects under JNNURM for Ajmer-Pushkar under UIG that are implemented as follows (INR in lacs):(i)
Ajmer-Pushkar-Bisalpur Transmission Water supply
(188.73)
(ii)
Ajmer-Pushkar-Drinking water supply, Transfer & distribution
(166.42)
(iii) Urban Renewal of Dargah Area - Ajmer-Pushkar
(38.42 )
(iv) Basic services to urban poor - Ajmer-Pushkar
(107.70)
Besides this RUIDP also implemented the works on desilting of lakes and partial improvement of lakefronts of Anasagar, Foysagar and Pushkar lake under NLCP (National Lake Conservation Plan) between 2011-2013. Details regarding this project are available on the ADA website. Other projects implemented by various agencies in Ajmer-Pushkar area are as listed below:
S. No. 1
Name of work
2
Development of Baradari
3
Development of Fire Temple at Nasirabad road
4
Parking 1. Veternary Hospital near Goal Puao
5
Development of Daulatbagh
2. Unani Hospital at Ganj Battery operated Vehicle
Projects implemented in Ajmer Description Land filling, Masonry, Flooring, Plantation, Lighting, Water screen for movie display and development of children play a rea Masonary, Walkway, Plantation, LED lighting, Development of light and sound cultural area etc. Boundary wall, Pathway, fountain, landscaping and improvement of campus, decorative lights, beautification work, plantation and horticulture part, renovation and construction of microcosm replica of temple. Built up area – 3000 sq.m. Parking at basement, ground floor, first floor, second floor, ECU – 120
Agency ASI
Cost in lacs (Rs) 1050.00
ASI
820.00
Nagar Nigam Ajmer
295.00
Nagar Nigam Ajmer
Built up area – 2000 sq.m. Parking at basement, ground floor, first floor, second floor, ECU =80 25 battery operated vehicles
600.00
400.00
Nagar Nigam Ajmer
91.25
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S. No. 6
Name of work
Description
Agency
Cost in lacs
Roads & Drainage i.Dargah by pass road (Nagphani)
Length 2.50 km., av. Width 7.00 mtrs due to land slides retaining wall structures, CD works, beautification of road with road furniture, electrification work. Road widening and strengthening of road
Nagar Nigam Ajmer
927.95
ii. Dhai Din ka jhopra to Dargah
Length – 400 mtrs., av. Width – 7.00 mtrs & drainage system & CC Road of mix M-30
151.87
iii. Mahaveer circle to Dargah
Length 1.10 km, av.width 12.5 mtrs. Cross darinage work amd M-30 CC pavement
497.00
iv. Madar gate to Dargah
Length – 700 mtrs, av. Width 7.5 mtrs & cross drainage & CC pavement of M-30 mix.
178.45
v. Chuddi Bazar to Dham Mandi 7
8
9
10
Elevated bridge from Delhi Gate to Nijam Gate Elevated Bridge from clock tower thana to Railways station Heritage Development of Pushkar (Under NLCP-RUIDP)
Elevated road from Railways Station – Mahaveer Circle – Delhi Gate
Length of road 900 mtrs, varying width – 5 mtrs to 15 mtrs Width – 3.00 mtrs & 5 Mtrs wide. It is elevated bridge on pillars. Length – 525 mtrs To ease movement of people from Rai lway Station to Thana Length – 90 mtrs. Width – 3.00 mtrs. i.Improvement of Ghats, construction of waiting sheds, changing rooms, steel railing, cowcature and other development works ii.Repair and restoration of existing structure including masonry, marbles in Brahma temple, traditional garden and cattle pen, parking place near brahma temple Const. of elevated road two lane (7.5m) Total length – 2.6 kms
Total Cost Table 13: Projects implemented in Ajmer
PWD Ajmer
467.00 1944.00
Railway
164.25
ADA Ajmer
1729.70
878.60 Nagar Nigam Ajmer
10530.00
20725.07
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SECTION 5 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION CONSULTATIONS WITH AUTHORITIES, LOCAL RESIDENTS AND TOURISTS This section explains various meetings, informal interaction and interviews that were taken in order to arrive at prioritised list of heritage assets, infrastructure gaps and proposals presented in later sections.
The preparation of the Ajmer City HRIDAY Plan involved extensive consultations at various levels, throughout its preparation period from June – September 2015. The consultative strategy involved interaction with concerned government departments, local residents, shopkeepers, visitors etc. in various areas of the city. While official meetings as outlined by MoUD were held at CMD and CLAMC level, the local onsite architect also had several meetings individually with var ious departments to source information and get their feedback on the infrastructure gap analysis as well as proposals for each area., individual, target groups and also with the visitors/travelers at various heritage areas of the city. These consultations were held in the following manner: a) Official meetings with CLAMC and CMD including all concerned Departments b) Individual meetings with various departments c) Informal interaction (open ended) with locals during field visits to each heritage area and random sampling (close ended) questionnaire survey of local residents and tourists a) Official meetings with CLAMC and CMD including all concerned Departments
CLAMC is chaired by the local MLA with presence of the Collector, Ajmer and participation of Mayor, Municipal Commissioner, Additional Chief Engineer- MCA, ADM-Ajmer, S.T.P., Ajmer, PHED, Ajmer, N.I.C., Ajmer, (A.O.) Ajmer, Xen, AVVNL, Ajmer, EO Nagar Palika, P ushkar, JEn, Electrical, Nagar Nigam, Ajmer and Convenor, INTACH Rajasthan Chapter, SA-ASI, State Archaeology Department and BSNL. Official Meetings in June #
Meeting Agenda
Attended By
Outcome
1.
Introductory meeting of
Commissioner, Collector,
Introduction to the project and
stakeholders in Ajmer
PS LSG, Dronah, ADM and
laying out of the steps
before MoUD video meeting
concerned departments
(4th June 2015) 2.
Meeting to finalise Heritage
Chaired by Chief Secy,
Finalisation of walk for HRIDAY
Walk Route for Naya Bazzar,
Jaipur with PS, Tourism
including components to be
Ajmer
and Culture, STP, AMC,
taken up by State Tourism such
DRONAH
as Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) Museum and KEM work
3.
Review of existing Naya
CMD, ULB engineers,
Suggestion of various sites for
Bazzar DPR, concept for
Dronah, ICLEI engineer
redevelopment, feedback on
Culture Park
existing DPR evaluation
(19th June 2015) 4.
Finalisation of site for
CMD, Dronah, ADA,
Identification of site and local
lakefront redevelopment,
Assistant Town Planner
agencies for infrastructure
Concept of lakefront
CMD, Dronah, Pushkar
Feedback on concept, DPR of first
development, Culture Park,
Commissioner, Assistant
priority zone, approval of toolkit,
toolkit for overall HRIDAY
Town Planner, AMC,
finalising Pushkar walk area
Plan and Pushkar Heritage
PHED
review of DPR evaluation (23rd/24th June 2015) 5.
th
priorities (June 25 2015) Two site visits of heritage walk area were conducted jointly by AMC engineers and DRONAH team in Ajmer and Pushkar and informal discussions were carried out throughout the month while the team worked on mapping of heritage assets across the city.
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Official Meetings in July #
Meeting Agenda
Attended By
Outcome
1.
CMD Meeting on 3 rd July to
CMD, Dronah, Pushkar
Finalisation of Toolkit, feedback
discuss first priority zone
Commissioner
on Heritage Walk DPR, feedback
2.
DPR and Toolkit, Finalise 5
on lakefront, Culture Park and
priority heritage asset areas
Pushkar
st
1 CLAMC Meeting on 6
th
July 2015 to review Naya
CLAMC members,
Introduction of project to CLAMC
Dronah
members by collectors,
Bazzar DPR, discuss all other
Presentation of Toolkit by
Priority Zones, Toolkit
Dronah and feedback from CLAMC
3.
nd
2 CLAMC meeting on 17
th
July 2015 to discuss updated
4.
CLAMC members,
Approval of Naya Bazzar Heritage
Dronah
Walk DPR for 5 Crores, feedback
DPR for first zone, Culture
on design of culture park,
Park concept and other CHP
approval of toolkit and priority
priority zones
zones
CMD meeting on 17th July
CMD, Dronah
2015 to discuss future action
Finalisation of components of Heritage Walk DPR, finalisation of design for culture park
5.
Video Conference with JS
Joint Secretary MoUD,
Submission of final updated DPR
and City Anchors on 24 July
Mission Director, City
for Heritage Walk
2015 to discuss status of
Anchors, CMD’s
th
updated DPRs 6.
Visit of Commissioner, and
Commissioner and Xen,
Culture Park Concept finalised for
Xen MCA to Delhi for case
MCA with Dronah team
identified Subhash Udyan area
to study Delhi Haat
and submitted by Aug. 5
studies of Culture Park th
(Delhi Haat model) 27 -29
th
July One site visit was conducted jointly by AMC engineers and DRONAH team in Ajmer and Pushkar and informal discussions were carried out throughout the month while the team worked on mapping of heritage assets across the city.
Meetings in August #
Meeting Agendas
Attended By
Outcome
1.
DPR for Naya Bazzar
PS, LSG, STP, CMD, Xen.
Finalising tender documents for
tendering process and
MCA, Dronah
Naya Bazzar DPR and progress
future action, Aug 3rd
review on HRIDAY Plan
Since, Ajmer had Municipal elections in August, no meetings were held in the city. However, DRONAH attended a State level meeting on AMRUT in Jaipur with MCA engineers to review overlap and constant feedback was given to CMD on HRIDAY plan progress. Updates of meetings with MOUD were provided to CMD and PS, LSG.
Meetings in September #
Meeting Agenda
Attended By
Outcome
1.
3rd CLAMC meeting for
CLAMC Members, New
Approval of draft HRIDAY plan
approval of draft HRIDAY
Mayor, Dronah team
with new changes
Plan
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Field visits were conducted by DRONAH team from September 09-11 including visits with Mayor and officials to discuss works in priority areas.
Figure 27: 3rd CLAMC meeting in Ajmer for approval of HRIDAY Plan
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b) Individual meetings with various departments
The local onsite architect of DRONAH has conducted several meetings with various stakeholders in the city regarding infrastructure gaps, issues in onsite works a nd maintenance of services. Meetings have been conducted with following department officials between July – September 2015 including filling of specific questionnaire on infrastructure (filled forms sig ned by Department officials are available with Dronah if required). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ajmer Development Authority Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. Archaeological Survey of India Municipal Corporation of Ajmer Public Health and Engineering Department State Archaeology Devasthan and Temple Trusts Dargah Committee Members Traffic officials in heritage areas Pushkar Nagar Nigam
c) Informal interaction (open ended) with locals during field visits to each heritage area and random sampling (close ended) questionnaire survey of local residents and tourists
Besides official meeting, random sample of interviews were taken of local residents in the heritage areas and tourists leaving from the railways station (filled interview formats available with DRONAH). In general, following feedback were received from the visitor and local residents: a. Feedback from local residents: Most residents agreed on the prioritised heritage zones of Dargah, Brahma Temple and Lakefronts of Anansagar and Foysagar. They recognised Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soniji ki Nasiya as important landmark and agreed on development of this area as well as Railway station surroundings. Major gaps pointed by them were cleanliness, heritage byelaws, road width and parking, drainage and quality of constructions by MCA.
Figure 28: Mr. Akshay Bindal, jewellery shop owner, Naya Bazzar
Figure 29: Mr. Surendra Lakhotiya, Rajasthan Education Board (2 of the interviewed residents)
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b. Feedback from tourists: The tourists interviewed in and around the railways station largely pointed towards lack of tourist help centres, dustbins, parking, tourist guides and commented on lack of awareness of locals.
Figure 30: Mr. Charu Tiwari, tourist from Nainital
Figure 31: Mr. Sameer, tourist from Haldwani
Way Forward: Since the time period for HRIDAY plan preparation was short (June – September 2015), it is not sufficient for a comprehensive consultation. The stakeholders’ consultation process needs to be dynamic and carried over throughout the DPR preparation and implementation of projects so findings from this preliminary consultations can be concluded as follows:
1. As per preliminary consultations the significance of 5 priority zones for Ajmer and components identified for each zone are in complete coherence with all stakeholders’ views (authorities and locals) and HCA’s analysis. 2. Subsequent consultation need to be carried out on a regular basis during the entire process of implementing HRIDAY plan and can be structured area wise as per phased implementation of prioritised projects. 3. Capacity building programmes on awareness of local residents are essential. One major issue regarding lack of awareness among public as per interviews seems to be on NMT (non motorised transport) as most residents mention the need f or widening roads and parking in heritage areas. Special capacity building programmes to inform them regarding NMT before implementation of projects is essential. Recently, MCA has decided to go forward with full scale public consultation by placing big flex public hoardings inviting consultations and showing proposals for all MoUD schemes – HRIDAY and AMRUT in public spaces in Ajmer.
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SECTION 6 PROJECTION & INFRASTRUCTURE GAP ASSESSMENT (CITY LEVEL) UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF THE CITY
This section looks at the ground conditions as they exist in the city today and the focus areas with respect to criticality of urban infrastructure need
6.1 TOURISTS PROJECTIONS Tourism in Ajmer is mainly driven by its religious significance. Pilgrims from around the country and beyond visit the city in large numbers to visit the Dargah Sharif and during festivals such as the Urs. However, before understanding Ajmer city a brief look at the overall Rajasthan trends in tourism will help clarify Ajmer-Pushkar’s significance within the state. According to Rajasthan Tourism, the Statistics of Tourist Arrivals in Rajasthan, historically is as follows:
STATISTICS OF TOURIST ARRIVALS IN RAJASTHAN (ACTUAL) S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Year 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Indian 880694 902769 1157959 998227 1117663 1303633 1618822 2042586 2306550 2450282 2600407 2780109 2932622 3040197 3120944 3214113 3424324 3495158 3833008 3735174 4300857 5263121 5454321 4699886 5248862 5726441 6290115 6403310 6675528 7374391 7757217 8300190 12545135 16033896 18787298
No of Tourists Foreigner Total 42500 923194 48350 951119 54611 1212570 55781 1054008 66207 1183870 92272 1395905 125112 1743934 160134 2202720 195837 2502387 208216 2658498 220440 2820847 237444 3017553 266221 3198843 259637 3299834 268774 3389718 291763 3505876 348260 3772584 366435 3861593 419651 4252659 417641 4152815 494150 4795007 547802 5810923 540738 5995059 436801 5136687 534749 5783611 560946 6287387 605060 6895175 591369 6994679 562685 7238213 623100 7997491 608283 8365500 428437 8728627 628560 13173695 971772 17005668 1131164 19918462
Indian 2.51 28.27 -13.79 11.96 16.64 24.18 26.18 12.92 6.23 6.13 6.91 5.49 3.67 2.66 2.99 6.54 2.07 9.67 -2.55 15.14 22.37 3.63 -13.83 11.68 9.10 9.84 1.80 4.25 10.47 5.19 6.99 51.14 27.81 17.17
% Change Foreigner 13.76 12.95 2.14 18.69 39.37 35.59 27.99 22.30 6.32 5.87 7.71 12.12 -2.47 3.52 8.55 19.36 5.22 14.52 -0.48 18.32 10.86 -1.29 -19.22 22.42 4.90 7.86 -2.26 -4.85 10.74 -2.38 -29.57 46.71 54.60 16.40
Total 3.02 27.49 -13.08 12.32 17.91 24.93 26.31 13.60 6.24 6.11 6.97 6.01 3.16 2.72 3.43 7.61 2.36 10.13 -2.35 15.46 21.19 3.17 -14.32 12.59 8.71 9.67 1.44 3.48 10.48 4.60 4.34 50.92 29.09 17.13
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36 2006 23483287 1220164 24703451 25.00 7.87 24.02 2007 25920529 1401042 27321571 10.38 14.82 10.60 37 38 2008 28358918 1477646 29836564 9.41 5.47 9.21 2009 25558691 1073414 26632105 -9.87 -27.36 -10.74 39 40 2010 25543877 1278523 26822400 -0.06 19.11 0.71 Table 14: Tourist Statistics (Reference: http://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Rajasthan/AboutRajasthan/RajasthanGraph/Statistics-Of-Tourist.aspx)
Statistics of Tourist Arrivals in Rajasthan (Actual) 70000000
60 50
60000000
40 50000000
30 20
40000000
10 30000000
0 -10
20000000
-20 10000000
-30
0
-40 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 No of Tourists Indian
No of Tourists Foreigner
No of Tourists Total
% Change Indian
% Change Foreigner
% Change Total
By comparison however, according to projections made by the Tourism Perspective Plan 2020,
Rajasthan Tourism, an earlier document, tourism arrivals and their projection was very different (as highlighted rows from the previous table may be compared):
PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN RAJASTHAN S.No.
Year
No of Tourists Indian Foreigner Total 1 2001 7757217 608283 8365500 2 2006 8893545 894632 9788177 3 2011 10973192 1201467 12174658 2021 16172269 1785142 17957411 4 Table: 15 Projected tourist Arrivals in Rajasthan
Indian 14.64 23.38 47.37
% Change Foreigner 47.07 34.29 48.58
Total 17 24.38 47.49
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Comparing the two tables, the percentage change in domestic, foreign and total tourist arrivals according to actual collected data from the previous tables is:
PROJECTED DATA ( between 2001 & 2006) on % change Tourist Arrivals Domestic:
14.64 %
Foreign:
47.07 %
TOTAL:
17 %
AND
ACTUAL DATA (between 2001 & 2006) on % change Tourist Arrivals Domestic:
66.96 %
Foreign:
50.14 %
TOTAL:
66.13 %
Clearly, there is a significant difference in the data as per actual and as projected. Therefore, it is prudent to adopt a more generous model for future projections with respect to Indian Tourists visiting Rajasthan and be more realistic with respect projected growth in Foreign Tourist Visitors to the state. Also, the period between 2006 and 2011 saw a significant drop in to urist arrivals due to a number of external factors, this may even be representative of a cyclic pattern where in a period of sharp growth may be giving way to one with an overall weak growth. This too needs to be factored in for future projections. The arrivals into Rajasthan may be broadly broken up into various tourist circuits including a number of destinations and anchor cities. Such a delineation has been done under the Tourism Perspective Plan 2020. According to the document: Tourism in Rajasthan is organised along tourist ‘circuits’ rather than ‘standalone’ destinations: 1. Desert Circuit 2. Mewar Circuit 3. Vagad Circuit 4. Dhundhar Circuit 5. Godwar Circuit 6. Merwara-Marwar Circuit 7. Brij-Mewat Circuit 8. Shekhawati Circuit 9. Hadoti Circuit
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Based on this distribution, Ajmer and Pushkar fall within the Merwara-Marwar Circuit.
Figure 32: Reference: Tourism Perspective Plan 2020, Department Of Tourism, Ministry of Tourism, Art and Culture-Government of India.
In order to better ascertain the nature of tourism arrivals in the twin cities of Ajmer and Pushkar the following statistics may be observed. According to Rajasthan Tourism, the City-wise Tourism data for Ajmer Pushkar between 2007- 2012 is as below; Name of Tourist Place
S. No.
2007
2008
2009
Indian Foreign Indian Foreign Indian 1646524
14483 1779135
2010
2011
2012
Indian Indian Foreign Indian Foreign Indian Foreign
1
Mount Abu
14210 2067327 2312448 2312448
13607 2193535
12928 2312448
11386
2
Udaipur
3
Jaipur
1287072 464841 1138859 456165 995996 998703 998703 368512 1035885 416824 998703 534256
4
Pushkar
1749240
5
Jodhpur
6
Ajmer
578643 160627 572415 185261 547102 588239 588239 173016 575444 177699 588239 189373
76956 1820090
86030 1745040 2323050 2323050
79682 2032020
69891 2323050
70766
453775 123056 493717 123942 427532 383357 383357 108073 404640 103034 383357 121034 1985600
17513 2067475
25796 1977605 3753260 3753260
25731 2726585
3076 3753260
30750
Table 16: City wide tourist data (Reference: http://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Rajasthan/AboutRajasthan/RajasthanGraph/City-wise.aspx) Filtering the relevant information, the statistics for Ajmer Pushkar are as follows:
CITY-WISE TOURISM DATA FOR AJMER PUSHKAR BETWEEN 2007- 2012 Indian Tourist
Year 2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% Change
Pushkar
1749240
1820090
1745040
1965382
2032020
2323050
24.70
Ajmer
1985600
2067475
1977605
2585110
2726585
3753260
47.10
Foreigner Tourist
Year 2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% Change
Pushkar
76956
86030
75155
79682
69891
70766
-8.75
Ajmer
17513
25796
22517
25731
3076
30750
43.05
Table 17: City wise Tourism Data for Ajmer Pushkar Between 2007-2012
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CITY-WISE TOURIST ARRIVALS 20072012 (FOREIGN)
CITY-WISE TOURIST ARRIVALS 20072012 (INDIAN) 4000000
100000 80000
3000000
60000 2000000 40000 1000000
20000 0
0 2007
2008
2009
Pushkar
2010
2011
2007
2012
2008
2009
Pushkar
Ajmer
2010
2011
2012
Ajmer
Refer to the above cited analysis of available Tourism data for Ajmer Pushkar between 2007- 2012, from a perspective of Indian tourist visitors, Pushkar has charted a growth of nearly 25% during t he period. Ajmer grew almost twice as fast at 47%. A clear indication from the data is that not only has Ajmer emerged as a bigger draw as a tourist destination among the twin-cities, by 2012 Pushkar was receiving nearly 40% less Indian tourists than Ajmer. This gap was a mere 11% in 2007. The trend with respect to Foreign Tourists over the 2007-12 period indicates a decline of nearly 9% for Pushkar, and an impressive growth of 43% for Ajmer. While data is insufficient, it is reasonable to comment that while an overall number of Foreign Tourists visiting Ajmer-Pushkar may be flat, there is a shift in terms of a much larger number visiting Ajmer.
Rajasthan- Tourist Visitor Growth Indian 2006
25
Foreigner 7.87
Total 24.02
2007
10.38
14.82
10.6
2008
9.41
5.47
9.21
2009
-9.87
-27.36
-10.74
2010
-0.06
19.11
0.71
It is important to recognize that while overall Tourist visitors to Rajasthan State over the 2006-10 either had a decline or less than double digit growth, AjmerPushkar bucked the ‘State Trend’ .
This
aspect needs to be incorporated in the forecasts.
Table 18: Rajasthan-Tourist visitor Growth
Considering the statistical growth as per actual tourist visitor data at Rajasthan state and city (Ajmer-Pushkar) level, the following growth projections will be adopted for the years 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035. The forecast also considers international trends and national tourism annual average growth of 7.9 percent for Tourism Sector of India:
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PROPOSED PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN AJMER AND PUSHKAR (in Lac) S.No.
Year
No of Tourists Indian Foreigner Total 2015 42 1 43 1 2 2020 52 1.2 53.2 2025 62 1.4 63.4 3 4 2030 70 1.6 71.6 2035 77 2 79 5 Table 19: Proposed projected tourist arrivals in Ajmer & Pushkar
Indian 19.2 16.1 11.4 9.1
% Change Foreigner 16.7 14.3 12.5 20.0
Total 19.2 16.1 11.5 9.4
PROPOSED PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN AJMER AND PUSHKAR (in Lac) 200
25 20
150
No of Tourists Total No of Tourists Foreigner
15 100 10 50 0 2015
2020
2025
2030
No of Tourists Indian % Change Indian
5
% Change Foreigner
0
% Change Total
2035
6.2 BROAD PROJECTION FOR TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE Tourism Related Direct Infrastructure Given the arrival statistics at these places, the two towns in the Merwara- Marwar circuit, namely Ajmer and Pushkar have fair direct tourism infrastructure in terms of connectivity, accommodation, tourist information services, etc. as described below.
ACCOMMODATION The tourist stay in the region (and hence the need for appropriate tourist accommodation) is concentrated in Ajmer and Pushkar. Tourists (domestic and foreign) stay either in Ajmer or Pushkar. The typical stay duration of the foreign tourist in Pushkar is two days. Very f ew foreign tourists stay at Ajmer. A domestic tourist, on the contrary, stays either at Ajmer or at Pushkar only for one day only. The average stay duration of foreign tourists is high in Pushkar on account of the Pushkar fair, which runs over 4 days. Very few tourists undertake day excursions from Ajmer or Pushkar. The remaining places in the circuit are covered while traveling from one region / circuit to another.
Ajmer City: Ajmer has the largest number of hotels and hotel rooms / bed capacity in the Merwara Marwar circuit. There are no star category or heritage hotels in Ajmer. Hotel Mansingh Palace is the only 3 star hotel in Ajmer. Hotel Merwara Palace is another luxury hotel located next to Subhash Udyan and Anasagar lake. It is estimated that out of 1635 hotel rooms in A jmer, the number of rooms in unclassified hotels would be as high as 90%. These are mostly in the lower end / economy hotels, where the pilgrims check in for dumping their luggage / freshening up after a long jo urney.
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Paying guest facilities are not so popular amongst the tourists arriving in the city and it is estimated that they account for additional 35 rooms and about 70 beds. A large number of tourists take a day excursion from Jaipur and as such do not take a halt in Ajmer or Pushkar. Similarly, domestic pilgrims from outside the state instead of checking in at the hotel, move ahead with their journey after seeking the blessings at the shrine. Except for the annual Urs at the shrine, there is very little seasonality in tourist arrivals. Based on this factor the average bed nights required in the city are close to 2800, mostly in the economy category. However, since a large number of tourists cover Ajmer in day excursions, they do not avail of the accommodation facility. The average occupancy at the hotels is expected to be at 70% (far higher than any other place in the state). However, it is estimated that might be a slight shortfall in the hotel room availability during the Urs due to people arriving from all over the country. Supplementary accommodation is also made available at railway retiring rooms and dharamshalas.
Pushkar: Pushkar has relatively less number of hotels as compared to Ajmer. The total permanent bed capacity is close to 2000 beds. During the Pushkar Fair the total bed capacity is enhanced to 4100 beds. Like Ajmer a large number of hotels in Pushkar are in the economy / low price category typically catering to the domestic pilgrim crowd. However, unlike Ajmer there are a few (about 4) heritage hotels and resorts in Pushkar. These hotels cater to the foreign tourist arriving during the non-Pushkar fair period. Out of the approx. 2000 permanent bed capacity in the town, nearly 90% lies in the budget and economy range. There are also relatively less number of paying guest facilities in the city. The foreign tourists arriving in Pushkar during the Fair invariably stay in the tents. Their duration of stay is nearly 2 days. During the Pushkar Fair close to 750 tents are put up by RTDC and other private hotels. These cater to approx. 2100 people. Based on seasonality factor tourist arrivals into the city and the stay patterns the average bed nights required in the city are close to 850, indicating occupancy of 42%. During the fair, an overall shortage in the bed capacity is felt. However, this is taken care by tented accommodation and by diverting some of the crowd to Ajmer.
Other Locations: Besides the above there are Heritage properties in the region; namely the 51-room Kuchaman Fort Hotel (100 Kms from Ajmer), the 27-room Roopangarh Fort (25 Kms from Ajmer), 15room Phool Mahal Palace at Kishangarh (27 Kms from Ajmer), etc. These places offer luxury accommodation catering primarily to foreign groups.
TOURIST OFFICES AND OTHER FACILITIES Rajasthan Tourism has tourist offices and kiosks at Ajmer, Pushkar and Nagaur in the Merwara – Marwar circuit as indicated below.
TOURIST INFORMATION OFFICES IN MERWARA-MARWAR CIRCUIT Sl.No.
District
TRC/TIB
1
Ajmer
2
Nagaur
TIB, Hotel Khadim, Ajmer TIB, Railway Station, Ajmer TIB, Pushkar TIB, Nagaur
Table 20: Tourist information offices in Merwara-Marwar circuit
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Note: At some locations tourist information desks are located in RTDC hotels Reference: Tourism Perspective Plan 2020, Ministry of Tourism -Government of India.
While Ajmer Pushkar have adequate number of eating facilities for the tourists, public toilets are lacking in most areas and the existing ones are in very bad condition. A number of tourist spots, especially on the waterfronts in Ajmer-Pushkar have adequate dustbins, signage and seating but these are lacking overall.
6.3. BROAD PROJECTION FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Urban infrastructure analysis has been prepared through prim ary and secondary sources. While, the secondary information comprises of data and analysis from the City Development Plan, the PDCOR report on storm water drainage, RUIDP GIS information, as well as, other sources such as NLCP report, the primary data has been gathered through a series of questionnaire prepared for the relevant agencies and departments in Ajmer.
ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION 1 Introduction Transport infrastructure plays a critical role in the growth and development of the city and the surrounding hinterland. It is one of the most important infrastructure facilities in any city. Besides providing regional connectivity to the city for movement of people and goods/ commodities to and from the city, it also guides the spatial growth of the city by connecting the peripheral areas to the city centre which is generally the economic hub.
2 Linkages The city is well connected by road and rail to other major cities in the state. Ajmer is an important railway junction on the Delhi-Ahmedabad section of the Western Railway. There are three National Highways which are touching Ajmer, namely, NH 8 (from Delhi to Mumbai), NH 79 (from Ajmer to Indore) and NH 89 (from Ajmer to Bikaner). Out of this, major portion of NH 8 and NH 79, are part of the Golden Quadrilateral component of the National Highway Development Project which is a time bound programme, and has been commissioned in 2005. Besides these national linkages there are many state highways and Major District Roads linking Ajmer to other centers in the region. Ajmer being an important pilgrimage destination attracts heavy road and rail traffic during festive seasons. Thus there are occasional peak demands on the transport network. Ajmer and Pushkar are connected by two roads, one passing through Nosar Ghati and the other passing through MDS University - Janana Hospital - Makarwali - Hokara.The second route is part of NH 89, however the geometrics of the roads needs to be improved.
3 Road Network The urban structure of Ajmer reflects a radial form which has resulted because of restrictions imposed by the surrounding hills. The road network map given below shows the 8 radial roads emerging from the city, of which the major traffic corridors are Jaipur Road in the north-east, Beawar road and Naseerabad Road in the south and Pushkar Road in north-west direction. Of these
88
roads only Jaipur Road, Beawar Road are four-laned. Most of the internal city roads are single lane or intermediate lane reflecting improper planning of road network. The transport network clearly shows absence of road hierarchy leading to traffic problems. The common problems faced on the main transport corridors within the city are frequent interference of on-street parking, encroachment by informal sector, uncontrolled stoppage o f intermediate public transport vehicles for long duration on the carriageway, and insufficient facilities for pedestrians. All of these together have aggravated the traffic problems in the city. The broad gauge and meter gauge rail lines passing through the city result in a number of railway level crossings which are major bottlenecks for traffic movement. The road network map reveals that there is only one north-south corridor, which carries almost the entire city traffic between Gandhi Bhawan and Martindale Bridge; all the other accesses are restricted by level crossings. However, the ROB at CRPF crossing which is under construction would help in reducing the traffic load on Station Road. The Ajmer city By-pass (NH-8 By-pass) is effective in carrying the entire National highway commercial traffic, from outside the city. All the three agencies - Municipal Council, UIT and PWD are engaged in construction and maintenance of city roads. UIT maintains the roads within the schemes developed by it, PWD maintains state highways and national highways, and the Municipal Council maintains the internal city roads. Ajmer city comprises of 455 km of roads of which, only 57 percent are Surfaced Roads. Apart from this, 11 percent of roads are WBM and 32 percent constitutes earthen roads. Municipal Roads in Ajmer
Type of Road Surface
Length
Distribution
in Kms
Percent
Cement Concrete Roads
46.00
10.00
Bituminous Roads
214.00
47.00
WBM
50.00
11.00
Earthen Roads
145.00
32.00
Total Roads
455.00
100.00
Surfaced Roads
Unsurfaced Roads
Table 21: Municipal Roads in Ajmer
Source: Ajmer Municipal Corporation The Highway Roads (NH and SH Roads) maintained by PWD in Ajmer is about 96.7 km of which 5% (4.6km) is intermediate lane width, 6% (5.7km) is 4-Lane divided carriageway (NH -8) and the remaining 89% (86.4km) is 2 lane.
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Inner city Roads As in other walled cities of the country, the road network in the inner city area of Ajmer, is quite inefficient and inadequate for the present day traffic, with little or no scope for widening. The traff ic in this area is characterized by - very high degree of pedestrian traffic attributable to the Dargah complex and its precincts; presence of commercial activities including informal establishments that encroach upon the road network; and absence of organized parking spaces. Currently, there are some traffic management measures in place, such as restriction on movement of vehicles o n the road leading to the Dargah Sharif.
4 Transport System Inter-City Public Transport : Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) operates a fleet of 222 buses with 873 arrivals into and departures from Ajmer. RSRTC buses mainly serve long distance inter-city trips and medium distance shuttle services from the bus terminus near the Collectorate on Jaipur Road. There are 3 major routes and 2 minor routes on which the buses operate. The distribution of RSRTC bus trips from Ajmer terminal are: 34% towards Jaipur along NH-8 20% towards Beawar along NH-8 18% towards Naseerabad along NH-89 28% towards Bikaner via Pushkar along NH-89 and other nearby areas.
Private buses also make long distance inter-city trips from different locations in the city. Presently they operate from Ghooghra Ghat i for Jaipur side and from Ramganj for Udaipur side. The long distance private buses do not have any authorized off-street terminals so they are seen to occupy carriageways at Ramganj area causing problems to traffic movement. There is also another terminal for private buses near Baradari, for making trips to the nearby villages. The City is not served by an organized Public Transport System, which has led to operation of Intermediate Public Transport (private vehicles) from different parts of the city. Intermediate Public Transport vehicles in Ajmer comprise: 150 mini buses , 600 Tempos / mini doors , 3 ,500 auto rickshaws Mini buses and tempos operate on a fixed route and fixed fare basis for short distance trips within Ajmer, while auto rickshaws operate on free route pattern without any fixed rate. Mini buses and tempos do not have proper terminal facilities or amenities for passengers. The city also lacks designated stops for public transport operation.
5 Current Status In order to ascertain more recent information prepared under AMRUT is included here. Additionally, questionnaires prepared by HCA were also used to determine the status and gaps. There is no baseline information available for improvement city transportation, and also there is no city mobility plan. Mixed traffic moving haphazardly, no one-way roads, road width issues with increasing traffic, bottle neck at many point, intersection not developed are major issues. The ci ty needs overbridge/underpass/elevated roads in specific areas. As above but have not been addressed due to lack of funds. No study of has been conducted regarding NMT parking, transport environment or public transport required.
90
Sl. No
Levels of service as per SLB, MoUD
Benchmark Service Coverage of Urban transport in the city
1
Present Service level
-
LO3
99% Availability of urban transport per 1000 population
2
-
Table 22: Service level Benchmark (LOS-1)
Data regarding Private vehicles in Ajmer
Unit
No. of personal private vehicles
About 4.5 lacks
Annual growth rate of personal private vehicles Annual growth in registration
Nos. %
10-15%
%
Same
Diesel vehicles
5-7%
Petrol vehicles
6-8 %
The city needs organised public transport with the norm of 40 standard Size bus per lakh population Table 23: Role and responsibility of agencies involved in management of City transport
Sl. No. 1 2
Agencies ACTSL Transport Department
Responsibilities To run busses Registration and give permit to Mini Buses
WATER SUPPLY 1 Introduction Public Health and Engineering Department (PHED) is the responsible agency for water supply in the City of Ajmer. All works pertaining to preparation of plans, construction of reservoirs, laying of transmission and distribution lines, its maintenance and financial inputs are under purview of PHED. Decisions pertaining to execution of projects are under purview of PHED and State Government. Provision of house service connections and collection of water charges is also under the purview of PHED.
2 History Ajmer City has always been dependent upon surface water sources to meet its demand. Piped water supply in Ajmer started in 1884 from Anasagar reservoir to the then population of 50,000. In 1892, Foysagar Lake was constructed to cater the increased population of the town. Historically, the city is understood to have an efficient system of rain water collection, through interlinked lakes. The Foysagar Lake, with its extensive catchment area, was connected to the Anasagar Lake, which in turn was connected to Pal Beechla through natural channels to carry surplus and run off water.
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Eventually, with increase in population the adequacy of the source reduced. Hence in 1952, Bhewanta well field was developed on Sagarmati River about 18 Km from Ajmer city to cater increased water demand for an increased population. In 1962-68, water supply to Ajmer city was augmented from ground water source near Banas River, which is about 110 km away. Subsequently, second phase of this was developed during the years 1978-83. Apart from these, some more measures for development of sources of water for Ajmer were taken to improve the water supply to the city. The height of Foysagar dam was increased by 1.22 m to increase the holding capacity of the lake. In 1982 wells were drilled at Budha Pushkar to supply water to Ajmer and Pushkar. Tube wells were also drilled at Leela Saori during 1990 to 1995 to supply water to Ajmer as well as Pushkar town. The water supply scheme from Budha Pushkar and Leela Saori has since been abandoned. The localities of the city that was developed, after implementation of Bisalpur Phase-1 project, were fetching their demands through tapping of nearby passing rising mains, hand pumps and water tankers. Since the year 2000, Rajasthan Urban Improvement and Development Program (RUIDP) with financial support from the Asian Development Bank has taken projects r elated to water supply in the town. The project proposed to increase supply coverage in new areas, through creation of pumping stations and storage reservoirs. Presently, Ajmer City receives approximately 68 MLD of water through Bisalpur Phase 1 project. Apart from this, the city receives 0.6 MLD MLD from Bhewanta. Phase 2 of the project and minor gaps are being supplemented through AMRUT as decided in State lelvel meeting with MoUD in August 2015.
3 Sources of Supply Bisalpur Phase-1 - Presently Ajmer town is dependent on Bisalpur Dam for its water supply, which is located about 115 Km away from the city. The Bisalpur-Water S upply Project (BWSP) Phase-I was commissioned in year 1995 to deliver water from the Intake well at existing Bisalpur dam to Ajmer city, along with combined supply to other cities like Beawer Kishangarh, Nasirabad, Kekri and Sarwar towns. The total withdrawal from the dam is 139 MLD for six towns, of which 85 MLD of water is allocated for Ajmer, after treatment, as indicated in table below. The full reservoir level of Bisalpur dam is 315.50 m and live capacity of the reservoir is 893.91 MCM.
Other Sources Apart from the above, approximately 0.6 MLD of water is extracted from Foysagar Lake, and pumped into the local distribution network, on intermittent basis. There is one tube-well which is used for water extraction from Foysagar Lake. Tanker Supply to the newly developing area is maintained by means of Municipality Tankers or Private Vehicles, for which again water is extracted from Tube Wells.
4 Transmission System Raw water from intake well at Bisalpur dam is pumped through 41.40 kms Transmission Mains (1700 mm diameter MS/PSCC Pipeline, of 5.7 Km length, upto Thadoli and subsequently 1500 mm diameter PSCC pipe line, 35.70 Km length, to treatment plant at Kekri (Pumping Station-11)). There is a raw water reservoir of 29 ML capacity at Thadoli. At Kekri Water Treatment Plant, 132 MLD of treated water is produced, through Rapid Sand Filtration and Aeration. There is a clear water reservoir of 12 ML capacity at Kekri filter plant.
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Clear water is then pumped from Kekri WTP (PS -11) to Goyla (P S -12) through 1200 mm diameter PSCC pipe line, approximately 31.86 Km long. Subsequently, clear water is pumped via PS-13, at Nasirabad, to Clear Water Reservoir (SR-7) through 1200 mm diameter PSCC pipeline of 37.86 kms length. Further on, the water is directed to Kishangarh CWR and Kishangarh Town.
6 System Adequacy Discussions with PHED indicated that, currently the transmission mains are conveying only 68 MLD collectively to meet the water demand of Ajmer City, as against 85 MLD water allocation under Bisalpur Phase-1. Water requirement for the City, based on present population figures and URDFPI norms of 135 lpcd for the City, is estimated at approximately 81 MLD. This implies 4 MLD o f surplus availability, provided Bisalpur Phase I is operational to its full capacity. This situation points that there is no immediate need for fresh works for source augmentation. The water supply network coverage in the city is approximately 90%. Presently, the duration of water supply to the City is maintained at 1 hour to 1.5 hours in 48 hours, which is grossly inadequate. The supply position within the ULB is unpredictable and ranges from once in Two days to once in Three days, depending on the Season. The per capita water available in Ajmer is 135 lpcd, although the supply to end-user is estimated to be lower. This lower availability at the users end can be attributed to lack of proper water management systems, uneven distribution of water and high transmission and distribution losses. The total available storage capacity is presently 47 percent. Given the increase in supply after operation of Bisalpur Water Supply Project and the ongoing capacity augmentation, the storage capacity is expected to be approximately 50 percent, which is adequate for storage of approximately 12 hours equivalent supply. Given the topography of the City and the present system of distribution zones, it is noticed that some areas of the City do not receive adequate pressure and supply. Storage c apacity augmentation and re-zoning, as worked out under RUIDP, is designed to address the above issue.
7 Current Status Table 24: Status of Water Supply service levels
Sr.
Indicators
No.
Present
MOUD
status
Benchmark
1
Coverage of water supply connections
85
100%
2
Per capita supply of water
135
135 LPCD
3
Extent of metering of water connections
70
100%
4
Extent of non-revenue water
30
20%
5
Quality of water supplied
100
100%
6
Cost recovery in water supply services
33
7
Efficiency in collection of water supply related
80
90%
charges
93
Sufficient reservation of drinking water for Ajmer city is available in Bisalpur Dam.Yes, The two nos. of water treatment Plant of 132+142=274 MLD Capacity situated at Kekri, for Ajmer and other towns. In Ajmer City, there is no treatment plant installed. At present, Ajmer City is divided in 235 Zone for water Supply. Table 25: Zone Wise Coverage of Households
Zone No
235
Total No of Households
Households with Water tap Connection
Households without water tap connections
140000
130000
10000
Data required
Div
Div
1
2
Unit
Total water demand
140
MLD
Total water supply
140
MLD
Per capita water supply
135
Lpcd
Comments
No. of connections Residential
74071
57952
Non-residential
2095
905
Connection coverage
100%
100%
%
Share of non-revenue water
25%
20%
%
Average duration of water supply
2-3 HRS 2-3 HRS
Water supply quality
Category of water user
Nos.
Nil
Hours per day Nos. or % of samples failed
Nil
Water demand in MLD
Water supply in MLD
Domestic
38 MLD
31.15 MLD
Industrial
0.267 MLD
1.04 MLD
Commercial
4.69 MLD
2.27 MLD
Institutional
2 MLD
NIL
Any others
4 MLD
3 MLD
TOTAL
48.96 MLD
37.46 MLD
20% NRW
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Projects/plans for improving or augmenting the water supply system Name of the project
Timeline
Comments Improvement of water supply
DIV 2 JNNURM
31-10-15 COMPLETION DATE
DIV 1
NIL
system by construction of pump house , laying of pipe lines, replacement of pipe line, installation of pumps, commissioning of SCADA System
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 1 Introduction Ajmer Municipal Council is the agency responsible for Solid Waste Management in the City. All works pertaining to preparation of plans, collection, transportation and disposal of waste, creation of assets to perform these functions, its maintenance and financial inputs is an obligatory function of AMC.
2 Current Situation Analysis and Implications for Growth The Municipal Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Ajmer was earlier grossly deficient and ineffective. However, under the RUIDP certain improvements have taken place, yet the overall SWM system has significant scope for improvement.
3 Municipal Waste Generation A study conducted under RUIDP estimated that approximately 150 TPD of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is generated per day in Ajmer city. For a current population of about 5.39 Lakh, MSW generation should be about 135 Tonnes Per Day (TPD). This estimate is based on CPEEHO norms for waste generation in cities by population classification; viz. Ajmer will have a waste generation rate of 250 gms/capita/day. This quantum of waste can be expected to increase to 180 TPD by 2011. The MSW generated in the city mainly consists of domestic waste, wastes from commercial areas, vegetable fruit market, slaughter houses, restaurants and industrial solid wastes. Apart from these, waste are also collected from drains in the form of wet silts, which are dried along side the road itself, prior to being carted away.
4 Sources of Waste Residential and commercial area Waste is generated by approximately 82,000 households in Ajmer city. The collection of MSW in Ajmer has been divided into different zones for better performance in SWM. Hotels and restaurants - There are approximately 230 hotels and restaurants in the city with total waste generation of approximately 10 TPD. Industrial solid waste -There are approximately 165 industries at two industrial areas namely Prabhatpura and Makhupura on Nasirabad road. Apart from these, there are two major railway
95
workshops, HMT and a dairy plant in the city.
Vegetable and fruit market - There are six vegetable and fruit markets and various wholesale and trade centres in the city. The wholesale markets have been shifted to outskirts of the city and Krishi Upaj Mandi, whole sale vegetable market; Bakra Mandi and FCI godowns have been shif ted to Beawar road. Approximately 12 TPD of wastes are generated from these areas. Past reports clearly state that the solid waste management in the market areas are not satisfactory. Slaughter houses - There are six meat and fish markets with an expected waste generation of 2 TPD. There are only two authorised slaughter houses in the city which slaughter about 20%-30% of the total animal requirement, while the rest is done by unauthorized slaughter houses/ locations. Wastes accumulated outside slaughter houses often lie unattended and are then disposed into the drains or mixed along with municipal wastes. Bio-medical Waste generation and management - Prior to 1998, bio-medical waste generated from medical establishments were mixed with municipal wastes and underwent disposal in municipal waste dumping ground along with other municipal wastes. Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rule 1998, stipulates specific methods of disposal of bio- medical wastes, similar to disposal of hazardous waste. Presently, not all the biomedical waste is treated and disposed as required, and some portion of this bio-medical waste is disposed at municipal waste dumping g round, There are approximately 130 medical establishments in Ajmer with total bed capacity of 1500 beds. It is reported that the total quantity of bio-medical waste generated in Ajmer is approximately 5 TPD. Some hospitals e.g. Jawaharlal Nehru Hospital and Railway Hospital (both being government establishment) have their own incinerators, while other establishments which do not have this facility, divert the wastes to municipal waste dumping ground. According to All India Institute of Health and Personal Hygiene (AIIHPH), 47.20 percent of the total bio-medical wastes are infectious in nature. Bio-medical wastes consist of waste sharps, discarded glass wares and disposables, human infected and discarded parts.
Waste Management in Slum Area - There are around 70 slum areas identified within Ajmer city. In these areas, waste collection, transportation and disposal are not taken care adequately and regularly. 5 Collection and Transportation of Solid Waste The city of Ajmer has been divided into three zones for managing municipal solid waste. Each of the three zones are further divided into three circles that are further divided into four to nine wards, depending upon population size and area in each zones. Discussions with municipal official have indicated that approximately 120 T of Solid Waste is collected daily (indicating a collection efficiency of approximately 80-90%). Collection of waste is managed by 950 safai karamcharis (sweeper). Additional 30 safai karmachari s have been engaged for cleaning road side drains and public toilets. The primary collection system of MSW in the city still remains poor. The wastes from houses, shop and establishments are thrown on the road side heaps (or sometimes on roads) and open drains, as door-to-door waste collection is not practiced in the city. Sweepers sweep the wastes to a certain point making heaps of wastes along the road side (Photoplate 2.6.1). Primary collection of waste is handled by means of approximately 400 nos. open hand carts. Discussions have indicated that there is severe inadequacy of collection vehicles, and hence one hand cart is shared by approximately 2 to
96
3 safai karmachari s. Solid waste is collected and transported by means of open hand carts to 365 designated primary collection points/ depots. Apart from this, there are 25 containers (transported through Dumper Placers) at different locations across the City. The Municipality owns and operates approximately 30 vehicles comprising tractor-trailers with 3 hydraulic loaders, 2 dumper placers and one JCB and one auto rickshaw container to transport the solid waste. The waste from the depots/collection points are collected and transported to the waste dumping site. Transportation of the waste from 70 percent of the depots has been outsourced to private parties and remaining 30 percent is catered by Municipality. Apparently private participation in the waste management was introduced, primarily to tide over inadequate transportation systems available with Municipality. Discussions with officials have indicated that, overall transportation cost of the vehicle fleet works out to Rs. 420 per ton, which is high compared to a typical cost of Rs. 200-250 per ton in other cities of same size-class.
6 Disposal of Solid Waste The current solid waste dumping site is at Makhopura, which is located on the western side of Ajmer-Naseerabad highway, at a distance of 10 km from centre of the city. Field visit and discussions have indicated that although the Dumping Site has a carrying capacity for more than 20 years, but its proximity to the growing urban area is a major cause of concern. Also, the topographical features hill slopes, valley and drainage makes the site very vulnerable to environmental pollution. With reference to the above, it is proposed to develop a new landfill site, near Sedariya, with assistance under RUIDP.
7 Ongoing Works under RUIDP GoR under RUIDP has identified projects and undertaken works for improvement of Solid Waste Management in Ajmer. Estimated cost of investment for works to be undertaken as a part of Phase I of RUIDP is Rs. 2.77 Crore, which include development of landfill site, and augmentation of collection and transportation of solid waste. Procurement of Vehicles and handing over to Ajmer Municipal Council has been completed in 2004 05. These works are designed to improve collection of waste and disposal, and provide hygienic environment in the City.
8 System Adequacy Adequacy of the system, particularly in case of a service like SWM, is a combination of both asset adequacy and service delivery performance. 9 Assessment of Collection System MSW are neither stored nor segregated at source. They are littered on the streets, footpaths, open spaces drains or water bodies indiscriminately. Collection and storage points are open lands or broken bins, mostly unattended, developing unhygienic condition in the surrounding. (Photo plate 2.6.2.). Cleanups are not done at every place regularly. Daily sweeping is provided only for 50 percent of the area.
Apart from the MSW, other waste that finds its way to the MSW dumping ground includes biomedical infectious waste and hazardous industrial waste. In slum areas and low income group residential areas, MSW collection and transportation system is found neglected. Number and condition of wheel barrows, brooms and other cleaning devices decreases the collection efficiency. There are inadequate numbers of tractor trolley; community bins and their condition are poor.
97
There is a lack of awareness amongst citizens about required practices, hygiene factors, necessity of segregation and proper storage of waste at source. Strength and distribution of sweepers in not adequate. Double handling practice of wastes by the sweepers and collectors reduces the productive output to a significant level. There is inadequate supervision over activities by private co ntractors, who account for over 70 percent of the primary collection activity.
10 Assessment of Transportation System
Transportation of MSW to the dump site in the city from every collection point is not done on daily basis. Due to lack of vigilance, many a times waste are not at all carried to the dumping yard, rather thrown into some low lying areas. Waste transportation system in not synchronized with primary collection and storage timings, leading to the storage of huge piles of MSW around the city and especially at the storage areas. Citing of the depots in the city is also not systematically carried out. At some places, distance between two depots is more than a kilometre while at some place the distance is found to be less than 50 m. About 70 percent of the vehicles are old and inefficient. Frequent breakdowns, heavy operational and maintenance costs cause both downtime and higher financial burden. Some positions of technical staff in the workshop have been vacant for quite a long time. Capacity of tractor trolleys is not sufficient to carry the desired quantity of waste generated. Also their operational efficiency and operational cost is far more in comparison to the dumper placers in similar situation. Even though a legal provision of removal of construction wastes exists in the city, the same is not being implemented.
11 Assessment of Disposal
There is only one site in the city (Makhupura) where disposal of MSW is carried out. It is reported that this site does not have the approval from the State Pollution Control Board. The dumping site at Makhupura is not an engineered land fill site, and therefore prone to create environmental hazards including ground water contamination. Irregular topographic condition of the site restricts uniform disposal of the MSW. The dumping site is not fenced and hence there is continuous encroachment of slums and rag pickers around the site. Many times it is observed that the private contractors do not at all off load waste at the specified location, rather they off load the waste at available low lying areas near the entrance of the site, leading the obstruction of other vehicles to utilize the unused spaces at the interior of the dumping ground. Compaction of disposed waste is not carried out as per the requirements of the MSW Rules, 2000.
12 Current Status Detailed project report of sewerage system of Ajmer-Pushkar prepared in Feb-2008 by PDCOR Ltd. Jaipur through Shah Technical Consultant for JnNURM is available. This report also include work carried out by RUIDP under ADB Funded Project. Ajmer City has been divided into Two zones namely City Zone-1(Khanpura, STP) andAnasagar Zone-2 (Anasagar, STP).
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Table 26: Status of sewerage network and Service Levels
Sr. No.
Indicators (as per SLB framework)
Existing Service Level
MOUD Benchmarks
80 %
100%
1
Coverage of latrines (individual or community)
2
Coverage of sewerage network services
3
Efficiency of collection of sewerage
15%
4
Efficiency in Treatment: Adequacy of sewerage treatment capacity
100%
61.70%
100% 100% 100%
Table 27: Status of Ongoing/ Sanctioned projects
S. N o. 1
Name of Project
Scheme Name
Sewerage for Ajmer & Pushkar
2
3
4
Month of Completion
Status (as on 10 August 2015)
JnNURM
Cost in Rs Crore 61.44
Dec – 2015
13 MLD STP Anasagar and SPS, Panchsheel Ajmer
JnNURM
14.48
Sep – 2015
40 MLD STP, with 60 MLD Power Generation Plant Khanpura, Ajmer 3.5 MLD STP & SPS, Pushkar
JnNURM
30.03
Dec – 2015
JnNURM
8.51
Feb- 2016
Up to month of July – 15 126.93 Km laid 4564 Nos. manholes constructed. uPVC – 160mm – 57.88 kms laid. uPVC – 110mm – 15.11 kms laid. 5571 Nos. Property chamber constructed With expenditure of Rs. 60.54 Cr. Up to month of July Financial Progress Rs. 9.44 Cr. Process units of plant is complete rest of the work is in progress. Plant is on verge of commissioning Up to month of July Financial Progress Rs. 18.48 Cr. Process units of plant is complete & electro-mechanical work is in progress Approval of Design and Drawings, Survey, SBC is in process.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM 1 Introduction The Water Resource Department is the agency responsible for construction of storm water drains in the City. All works pertaining to preparation of plans, creation of assets and its maintenance is an obligatory function of the Department. Apart from this, works pertaining to provision and maintenance of roadside drains is an obligatory function of the municipal board. (Refer Map in Annexures)
99
2 Current situation analysis and emerging issues Drainage System Average annual rainfall of the city is about 55 cm and city s topography is bowl shaped surrounded by hills in three directions. On the basis of this natural topography, the city is divided into two zones in view of its drainage pattern, namely Anasagar zone & City zone. There are three important water bodies in the city namely Anasagar lake, Foysagar lake and Khanpura pond. The drainage system of Ajmer is well designed, with inter-co nnections between the major drains and main water bo dies. The Foysagar Lake was used for intermittent water supply to the Ajmer city, but presently it is an important recreation place along with Anasagar Lake, which also has significant recreational value given its size and location in the City. The third main water body of the city is Khanpura pond which receives storm water along with municipal wastewater of the city.
Table 28: Major storm water discharge points (Water Bodies) in Ajmer S. No.
Lakes
1
Foysagar Lake
2
Anasagar lake
3
Khanpura tank
HFL (m)
Capacity (M cu.m)
Out flow into
Usages
4.25
Bandi River
Intermittent water supply & Recreational
485.305
7.00
Anasagar Escape Channel
Recreational
463.20
1.12
Dumada Drain
Agricultural purpose.
Source: Ajmer Municipal Council Primary and Secondary Drains in Anasagar Zone The Anasagar zone is bowl shaped and geographically detached from remaining part of the city by small hillock between Shashtri Nagar and Vaishali Nagar and further towards Bajrang Garh, Babugarh hillock thus forming a lake, presently known as Anasagar Lake. In Anasagar zone, there are three main storm water channels known as Kazi ka nallah, Bandi Nadi and Anasagar escape channel. The first two feed into Anasagar Lake. Kazi ka nallah generally discharge water from the hills and nearby areas in to Anasagar Lake. Bandi River discharges storm water from the hills and carries overflow from the Foysagar Lake to Anasagar Lake in case of heavy rainfall. The overflow from Anasagar Lake is conveyed by Anasagar escape channel to Khanpura Pond. It is noticed that all drains in this Zone, have a major problem of waste water inflow and dumping of solid waste. Due to the absence of proper sewerage system the drains carry municipal wastewater and finally discharge into Anasagar Lake, thus resulting in poor water quality of the l ake. Mostly the drains are choked with municipal solid waste, silt and sullage. ( See image below). Apart from this, it is noticed that the hills surrounding Ajmer, have very steep slope and do es not have adequate vegetation cover causing heavy run-off and soil erosion, which results in silting of drains and subsequently of the Anasagar Lake. There are five primary storm water drains measuring upto length of approximately 11 kms in
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Anasagar Zone. Apart from this, six secondary storm water drains, feed into the primary drains in this Zone. A brief description of these drains is presented below: (i) Bandi river (Nadi ) - The rivulet runs for a length of 5.5 kms and has a catchment area of approximately 16.80 sq.kms. Bandi Nadi functions as overflow channel for Foysagar and discharges into Anasagar Lake and it also collects storm water from the hills. The catchment area and the length of the drain is the highest among other drains of the Anasagar zone. The drain has three tributaries namely Kazi pura drain, Hathi Khera drain and Kotra drain. The drain is lined for only 7.20% of its total length. The major issue with this drain is it does not have a defined alignment. Hence during rainy season run-off gets diverted. Finally it discharges into Anasagar lake near the Vishram sthali in Ajmer Pushkar Road.
Figure 33: Kazi ka Nallah
(ii) Kazi ka Nallah - This drain runs for a length of approximately 2.5 kms and has a catchment of approximately 6.72 sq.kms. It has two main tributaries namely Bhopon ka Bara drain and Mehndi Khola-Shastri nagar drain. It is observed that of the total stretch, only 420 m (approximately 16.80% percent) of the drain is lined. The drain channelizes storm water from the hilly terrain, plains and built-up area ultimately discharging into Anasagar Lake. While passing through built up area drain receives wastewater and solid waste from the co lonies. Thus the drain is choked with municipal solid waste, silt & sullage. Police lines located in a low lying area gets flooded by this drain during monsoons. (iii) Mahaveer Nagar Arihant Colony drain - The total catchment area of the drain is 0.88 sq.kms, running upto a length of approximately 1.5 kms. The drain has two main tributaries namely Boraj drain and Nagphani drain. It is observed that, of the total stretch only 50 percent of the drain is lined. The drain collects surface run-off from the Taragarh hill and Nagphani, and receives water from Boraj drain and Naghphani drain in its course. Field visits indicate that the drain is generally choked with municipal solid waste, silt and sullage. Wastewater from nearby colonies finds its way through open drains into the Mahaveer nagar drain and finally discharges into Anasagar Lake. (iv) Anted Chatri Yojna Drain - The total catchments area of the drain is 0.761 Km2. The drain has three tributaries namely Kazi pura drain, Hathi Khera drain and Kotra drain. The channel does not have a proper alignment hence the surface run-off spreads onto low lying area before Sagar Vihar Colony. (v) Vaishali Nagar Diversion Channel - The total catchment area of the drain is 1.21 Km2 and total length is 400 m. This is a tributary of Charasiawas drain which discharges into Anasagar Lake.
101
Primary and Secondary Drains in City Zone The City Zone also has topography similar to a saucer shaped valley. Drainage from the hills pass through the heart of the city and the over flow from Anasagar Lake, also flows through the city via the Anasagar Escape Channel, emptying into the Khanpura Pond in the City Zone. Various areas covered under this zone are Dargah area, Ganj, Station Road, Kesar Ganj, pahar Ganj, Madar area etc.
Figure 34: Anasagar Escape Channel
The Primary Drains measure upto a length of approximately 19 kms in the City Zone. Besides the overflow from Anasagar Lake, the surface runoff from city zone finds its way into Khanpura pond through Anasagar Escape channel. (i) Anasagar Escape Channel - The total length of the channel is 8.8 km, of which 57.61 percent stretch of its total length is lined. During rainy season this channel causes flooding throughout its length. The carrying capacity of the channel is not sufficient to carry run-off during rainy season, which is further reduced due to silting. This channel finally discharges into Khanpura pond. There are seven main drains and four secondary drains discharging into the Anasagar Escape channel. The main drains discharging into the Anasagar Escape channel are discussed below: (ii) Ganj Drain The Drain runs for a length of approximately 1.5 kms and has a catchment of approximately 1.17 sq.kms. Ganj drain has two tributaries collecting surface runoff from Nahar Mohalla and Agrasen Nagar. The drain is lined with stone masonry through its length. The drain does not have a defined course thus cause flooding near Mahavir circle. (iii) Shiv Kund Nagina Bagh Drain - The Drain runs for a length of approximately 1.5 kms and has a catchment of approximately 0.82 sq.kms. Majority of the drain length is lined with stone masonary with cement mortar through its course. In most stretches along its length the drain is fully choked with municipal solid waste, silt and sullage. Earlier this drain used to function as overflow from Anasagar Lake. (iv) Education Board Frazer road drain - The Drain runs for a length of approximately 2.50 kms and has a catchment of approximately 3.80 sq.kms. The drain carries wastewater from peripheral colonies. Main tributaries joining the drain are, drain from overflow of Kazi ka Nallah near Jawahar Nagar drain from overflow of Kazi ka Nallah near Board of Secondary Education office and Kundan
102
Nagar Drain. The carrying capacity of the drain has remarkably reduced due to excessive silting. (v) G.P.O to Topdara-Kuthcheri Road Drain - The drain runs for a length of approximately 0.50 kms and has a catchment of approximately 0.51 sq.kms. The main stream joining the drain is Hathi Bhata drain. It is noticed that, the drain is choked with municipal waste and silt throughout its stretch, which has reduced its width. (vi) Inderkot-Madar Gate Drain - The drain runs for a length of approximately 2.00 kms and has a catchment of approximately 1.74 sq.kms. Puran mandi mandi Drain discharges waste water into InderkotMadar gate drain. The Drain starts from Taragarh hill and ends into Anasagar Escape channel. The portion between Gandhi Bhawan to escape channel i s almost entirely choked with silt and solid waste.
Figure 35: Solid Waste Dumping and Encroachment on Masuda Nadi
(vii) Masuda Nadi - The drain runs for a length of approximately 2.50 kms and has a catchment of approximately 1.27 sq. kms. The drain passes through service lanes and it is almost completely encroached upon, which hinders regular cleaning of the drain. The drain also receives sewage from outfall of 800 mm diameter sewer line near Loco ground opposite Dadabhai Colony, collecting sewage from Dargah area. (viii) Clock Tower to Moinia Islamia Drain - The length of the drain is 0.50 kms and the catchment area is 0.37 sq.km. The drain has similar problem of choking with solid waste as discussed above.
3 Flood Prone Areas in the City Ajmer city is surrounded by three hills of Aravali Ranges i.e. Nagphani hills, Madar Hills and Tar agarh hills on three sides. These hills help prevailing winds in the occurrence of high intensity storms and rains, resulting in flooding in many parts of the city given the saucer shaped topography of the City. Past record of flooding indicates occurrence of heavy floods in the year 1975 and 1979, apart from floods of much lesser intensities which occurred in the year 1981 and 1997. There are however cases of short term flooding causing inconvenience to traffic and creating unhygienic conditions, even during normal monsoon as well. The identified flood prone areas in the city are, (i) Station Road and Railway Station yard, (ii) Kutchery Road, (iii) Gujar Dharati , Jhalkari Nagar, (iv) Sector III of Housing Board Colony of Vaishali Nagar.
103
Table 29: Flood prone points in the city
Sr. No.
Area
1
Key road intersection
No of points
No of times water logging reported in a year ( stagnant water for more than four hours of a depth more than 6” )
5
10
2
Along roads ( 50 mt length or more)
4
10
3
Locality (affecting 50 HH or more)
8
10
Table 30 : Status of Storm Water Level service levels
Sr. No.
Indicators
1
Coverage of Storm water drainage network
2
Incidence of sewerage mixing in the drains
3
Incidence of water logging
Sustainable standards
Black (Caution for improvement)
Red(Immediate action improvement)
100%
<75%
<50%
0%
<25%
<50%
0%
<25%
<50%
for Present Status
<50%
>99%
<15%
SEWERAGE AND SANITATION 1 Introduction Public Health and Engineering Department is the agency responsible for Waste Water Management in the City. All works pertaining to preparation of plans, construction of under- ground drainage, laying of sewer network, treatment and disposal, its maintenance and financial inputs, provision of sewer connections, and collection of sewer charges are under purview of PHED. Decision pertaining to execution of projects is under purview of PHED and State Government.
2 Situation Assessment Ajmer is partially served by under-ground sewer system, confined to the old city area around the Dargah. The Dargah area which is the most densely populated part of the city had very poor sanitation condition prior to implementation of this Scheme. In view of the high density of the area and the associated risks, laying of sewerage network in the area was sanctioned as late as 1995. PHED took up the work and completed the same by year 1999 as given in the following table
104
S. No.
Particulars
Length (m) Manhole (nos)
1
Nala Bazar Area
2,526
186
2
Khari Quaie to Railway station area
1,070
69
3
From Panigram chowk upto Moinia Islamia
1,150
68
4
Madar Gate to Saint Francis Hospital
990
44
5
Line in front of Saint Francis Hospital (800 mm dia.)
154
6
6
Intercepting work
3,011
645
7
Intercepting Chamber/ Line work on both side of Nala Bazar Area
450
93
Table 31: Sewerage Works undertaken in Dargah Area Source: PHED
3 Sewer Network The total sewerage network in Ajmer covers 332 km and with a gap of 20 km within the network. (refer city map in annexure). The sewerage network collects wastewater form form Plaza Cinema, Diggi Chowk, Khadim Mohalla, Sali Langar Khan, Dargah Sharif, Chapachan Gali, Bhaudana Gali, Nalla Bazar, Khazana Gali Areas.
4 Sewage Discharge and Treatment The sewage collected from these areas is conveyed through sewer lines ranging from 150 mm to 800 mm diameter pipes via Mallah Bazaar , Ghee Mandi Station Road and finally discharges into a drain opposite to the Nursing Home. Finally this drain discharges into the Ana Sagar escape channel and ends up into Khanpura lake. la ke. Presently the sewage remains untreated due to absence of any treatment plant in the city. The untreated sewage is then used for irrigation purposes, which carries the risk of serious health hazards, It is noticed that sanitation practices in the rest of the city (other than Dar gah area) are similar, with waste water discharging into nallah s (large open drains). The waste water from kitchens and bathrooms is discharged into open drains / nalli which ultimately join storm water drains. These storm water drains finally discharge into Anasagar Lake and its Escape Channel, thus polluting the water bodies like Anasagar, Pal Beechla Lake and Khanpura lake. Due to the continuous discharge of wastewater into the Anasagar Lake the wa ter quality of the lake has deteriorated. The present sewerage system in the city is in its nascent stage. There are 600 dry latrines in the city which discharge wastewater. The wastewater from toilets is discharged into open drains, and into storm water drains subsequently, all of which results in unsanitary conditions. The other method prevalent in the city is use of septic tanks with and without soak pits. Generally the newly developed areas have septic tanks but without soak-pits. Hence, the treated waste wastewater from these septic tanks is directly discharged to open drains passing through the streets, which again find their way into storm water drains and finally discharged into Anasagar Lake and Pal Bichala lake through open drains.
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Sewage and Sanitation arrangements at Vishram Sthali Total arrivals of domestic and foreign tourists in Ajmer during 2005 was approximately 15.31 lakh, of which over 11 Lakh domestic tourists are pilgrims who visits the city during the Urs. A major percentage of these tourists (ziyareen) stay in vishramsthalis. Four public toilets are being constructed near vishramsthalis, grossly inadequate for the need. During Urs large number of visitors resort to open defecation many on the lake bed, thus creating unhygienic conditions around the vishram sthali s. s.
5 Proposed Sewage Generation The total sewage generation from the city is estimated at approximately 54.40 MLD. As discussed above the city is divided into two zones based on topography of the city. Future population projections for Anasagar zone and city zone have been made for year 2011 and STP c apacity requirement for present population and 2011 is given in following table:
Table 32: Sewage Generation and Treatment Demand Zones
2001
2006
2011
Pop. (Nos)
Sewage generation MLD
Pop. Nos)
Sewage generation
Treatment Capacity Required MLD
Pop. (Nos)
Sewage generation MLD
Treatment Capacity Required MLD
Anasagar
59,100
6.15
65,033
6.766
6.00
71,514
8.58
8.00
City Zone
4,31,016
44.83
4,74,288
49.33
39.00
5,21,552
62.59
50.00
Total
4,90,138
50.97
5,39,321
56.09
45.00
5,93 066
71.17
58.00
# STP Capacity for Anasagar is calculated on the basis of 95% Pop coverage ## STP Capacity for City zone is calculated on the basis of 80% Pop coverage *Projections based on 155 lpcd water supply The wastewater generation for the year 2011 has been calculated on the basis of water supply at the rate of 155 lpcd in the town. The Anasagar zone is highly dense and the receiving body for wastewater is Anasagar Lake. Hence for the calculation of STP capacity required for Anasagar zone the coverage of sewerage collection system is assumed to be 95% population. Whereas the STP capacity required to cater to City Zone has been arrived with coverage of 80% population.
6 Sewage Treatment Presently, there is no system of treatment for sewage in the City. The collected raw sewage is discharged into Khanpura tank, and is reused for irrigation purpose. Under ongoing projects, it is proposed to construct two sewage treatment plants (STP), with a total treatment capacity of approximately 58 MLD. But due to contractual reasons work on STP has not been commissioned. The two STPs are designed to cater to the two sewerage zones, Annasagar Zone and City Zone, and are proposed to be located near Anasagar Lake and near Khanpura tank respectively. The designed capacity of STP s for Annasagar Zone and City Zone are 8 MLD and 50MLD respectively. The designs for the STP were based on Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technique which has higher capital cost but lower operation and maintenance cost.
7 CURRENT STATUS
106
Data required
Unit
Toilet coverage
%
Total no. of HH/properties with toilets within the premises
Comments
Without Toilet
Nos.
668 Total sewage generated in the city
-
MLD
Total sewage collected
-
MLD
9110
% area of
Type of sanitation system underground sewerage system open drains
city covered
underground drainage soak pits septic tanks
-
90%
85-90 %
Sewerage network coverage
-
%
Installed capacity of STP
-
MLD
Capacity utilization of STP
-
MLD
-
MLD
-
MLD
-
%
Volume and disposal of treat ed sewage
Volume and disposal of untreat ed sewage
Extent of sewage reuse/recycling
Place of disposal (land/water body) Place of disposal (land/water body)
Table 33: Status
POWER / ELECTRICITY Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd, (AJMER DISCOM) has been established under the Companies Act,1956 by Govt. of Rajasthan. The Ajmer Discom has been created with the principal object of engaging in the business of distribution and supply of electricity in 11 districts of Rajasthan, namely Ajmer, Bhilwara, Nagaur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Udaipur, Banswara, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Doongarpur and Pratapgarh. The area of operation of Ajmer Discom is 87256 sq. km. And the population in this area is 198 lacs as per 2001 census. c ensus. The power supply in the Ajmer Discom is managed by 12 distribution circles i.e. Ajmer City, Ajmer District, Bhilwara, Nagaur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Udaipur, Banswara, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Doongarpur and Pratapgarh. Rajasthan Government is now considering PPP options for distribution of electricity in Ajmer and
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other cities. Major requirement within the cities of Ajmer- Pushkar is related to underground wiring of all existing cables. LED lighting proposals for major roads in Ajmer city have been implemented recently by the State Government but street lighting upgradation and underground wiring are largely required for all other areas in Ajmer –Pushkar. Options of energy efficiency need to be explored for the city in long term.
Current Status (a). Naya Bazzar area
Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) To Chopad Chopad To Ghee Mandi Gate Ghee Mandi Gate To Jain Temple Ghee Mandi Gate To Internal Area Chopad To Ganesh temple
Ganesh Temple to Soni JI ki Nasiyan
= (11 Kv -----OH. Line ) (LT----OH.) = ( 11kv---OH. & Partly –UG.) = ( 11kv ---UG.) = ( LT--- OH. ) (Cable LT. --OH. Through shop sheds ) = 11 kv UG. & Some Part OH. LT. ---OH. = 11 KV --- OH. LT. ----OH.
(b). Jaipur Road area
Gandhi Bhavan to Edward Memorial (back area ) = 33 KV -----UG. = 11KV ----OH. ----OH. & Small Portion Portion UG.
(c). Dargah area
Delhi gate to to Dargah = OH. Cables through Sheds Sheds of Shops Unused Under Ground cables Dargah To Madar gate (nala bazar road) Under JNNURM – laying of Under Ground cables No connection provided
Electricity ( Div 2) Data required No. of HH with co nnections (domestic) Annual electricity consumption Frequency of electricity Cuts No of accidents due to overhanging electr ic wires
2014-15
Unit Nos.
8891
Comments Total - 16100
393 lacs unit / yr
No presently Fatal – nil
Hours/day Nos
Non fatal – 2 (department) Average Proximity of electric wiring to buildings
LT.- 1.2m
Distance in meters
HT. -2m Cables LT. – 0 m
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ACSR / XLPE Cables ACSR
Type of electricity wiring High Tension Low Tension
OH. & UG OH. & Cables Material
Type of supporting poles
Iron ,& PCP
6.4. GAP ANALYSIS ROADS AND TRANSPORTA TRANSPORTATION TION Key Issues Absence of road hierarchy, non-uniform carriageway of the major traffic carrying corridors, heterogeneous traffic constituting cars, two wheelers, auto rickshaws, animal carriages are the main causes of congestion in the city. Rapid urbanization and increase in vehicles have resulted in the city road networks exceeding their carrying capacity, in turn resulting in to low operating speeds, road safety hazards and environmental pollution. Encroachments on streets by shop owners and vendors further reduce the width and capacity capaci ty of carriageway. Improper utilization of t he available road network and insufficient enforcement measures has further deteriorated the situation. The key constraint for traffic movement along major arterial road network is the absence of an alternative road network. The rail network running across the city acts as a major constraint on free flow of traffic because it intersects the road network at a number of locations resulting in regular traffic congestion during peak hours. Another prominent feature of the circulation network in the city is the absence of pedestrian facilities in the city even along major roads. At places where footpaths are designed they are encroached upon shopkeepers and road side vendors, forcing the pedestrian to use the road. Vehicular parking is a major issue in the city, especially as the city attracts very high floating population. Parking is a major issue in the Dargah area, which attracts large number of visitors throughout the year. This problem is further aggravated during festive seasons when Lakh of pilgrims / tourists visit the city. To exploit the situation, the local residents in this area have converted the ground floor of their premises into paid parking lots. Road Junctions are ill-designed with absence of proper road geometrics and footpaths, thus leading to traffic congestion. Ineffective traffic control and management management measure Most of the roads in the city are used for haphazard on-street parking. Besides, lack of awareness among road users has further aggravated the problem. The city will have to be looked in a totall y new pespective as neither traffic management is there due to lack of infrastructure facilities and lack of knowledge a thorough study needs to be conducted and implemented with EEE (Engineering Education Enforcement)
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Sl. No
1
2
3 4
5
6
Levels of service as per SLB, MoUD
Bench mark
Service Coverage of Urban Transport in the City
Present Service level
LO3
Availability of Urban Transport per 1000 population Other Indicators Percentage of City covered by footpaths wider than 1.2m Non Motorised Transport Facilities including a) % of network covered. b) Encroachment on NMT roads by vehicle parking (%) c) NMT parking facilities at interchanges (%) Availability of On-street paid public parking spaces (%) Water ways and ferries
-
-
Current Gap
Demand / Target by 2021
Entire City Area roadways bus stand to University Road, Internal City Area -
-
-
1%
99%
10%
-
25%
75%
100%
0
10
10
0
0
0
Table 34 : Demand Assessment
WATER SUPPLY Demand Assessment Adequacy assessment of water supply, in the earlier section indicates - inadequate service levels for tourists and pilgrims; inadequate coverage in the newly developing areas; and inability to ensure supply on continual basis. This present scenario is likely to deteriorate further given the future growth of the City. Total water demand demand and net surplus surplus or deficit for the ULB is estimated for Base year (2006) and for the future (2021 ) on a standard water consumption rate of 155 lpcd, and is tabulated below Table 35: Water Demand Ajmer Municipal Council
Year
Estimated Population
Water Demand (MLD)
Availability*
Surplus/ Deficit
In Lakh
@ 135 lpcd
MLD
MLD
2011
5.42
73
85.00
12
2015
5.9
80
85.00
5
110
2021
6.4
86
85.00
-1
2031
7.55
101
85
-16
2036
8.23
111
85
-26
Present Water Availability 85.00 MLD from Bisalpur Dam. Figures indicate deficit.
Component
Present
2015 Ongoing projects -
Total B
2021 Demand Gap B -
Source
B
Treatment capacity
2
-
2
2
-
Elevated Storage
5
7
5
6
5
1
2
1
1
9
capacity Distribution network coverage Table 36: Demand Gap Assessment for Water Supply Sector
SEWERAGE AND SANITATION Key Issues The emerging key issues in sewage and sanitation sector are based on discussions with off icials, stakeholders and field visits. The sewer system has very low population coverage in terms of sewer connections and co llection of sewage. At present there is 4,000 sewage connection capacity in the existing sewer system however there are only 400 connections showing gross under utilization of the sewer system. It is reported that many citizens are reluctant to take up house-level connections. More intensive communication with citizens in necessary to resolve this issue. The inadequate sewer connections has lead to i nterconnections between sewer lines and natural drains causing flow of untreated sewage into lakes, deterioration of Anasagar lake water quality and flooding during rainy season. Due to inadequate flow in the sewer system there is choking of sewers due to siltation. The vishram sthali areas lack sanitation facilities like public toilets, urinals and bathing places making the sites filthy and unhygienic. Ajmer does not have a STP to treat the sewage before disposal. Discharge of untreated sewage for irrigation poses serious health risk to farmers and consumers.
Demand Assessment After completion of the RUIDP Project, the sewer network in the City is expected to cover approximately 75 percent of the present day road length. This indicates a gap in coverage, although there is no immediate immediate need for augmentation. Based on above project project details, it is understood that the proposed STP s will have a treatment capacity of 58 MLD (whic h is adequate for the present day population), although given the population growth there is a need for augmentation of treatment capacity beyond 2011. Over and above current deficiencies discussed earlier, future growth of the
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city demands enhanced sewage treatment capacities. The total demand fo r treatment capacity is estimated for base year (2006) and for the future (2021) on basis of 80 percent discharge with standard water consumption rate of 155 lpcd, and is tabulated below.
Table 37: Sewerage Demand Ajmer Municipal Council Year
2011
Estimated Population
Sewage Generation
Treatment Capacity required
Treatment Capacity Surplus/ Deficit
In Lakh
MLD
MLD
MLD
59
-
64.00
8
5.42
2015
5.9
59 64
2021
6.4
69
69
11
2031
7.55
82
82
24
2036
8.23
89
89
31
* Considering the proposed 58 MLD STP plants, the figures indicate deficit. MCA states that the ongoing projects will substantially be able to address the existing gap in sewerage system and completion of above will improve the coverage of network and collection efficiency. But the city requires additional infrastructure to improve the services. The city requires construction of more property chambers for household sewer connections. City also requires laying of sewer line in balance 22 km and newly developed areas of city. City also requires modern equipment for sewerage O&M. The city visulaise to take the challenge by increasing house sewer connections in the laid sewer network Ajmer Municipal Corporation has started campaign for house sewer connections in the city and aims for universal coverage of sewerage under Swatch Bharat Mission.
DRAINAGE AND FLOOD PROTECTION Key Issues The emerging critical issues are discussed below. Silting and uncontrolled dumping of solid waste causes blockage and stagnation of water channels / wastewater runoff. Consequently, drains choke and overflow into neighbouring areas. Lakes in and around the city, which acted as flood moderators, have also witnessed silting. Encroachments along the overflow channels have resulted in stagnation and filth accumulation. Indiscriminate discharge of sewage from the adjoining areas into the water channels, create a unhygienic environment and health hazard Upgradation and construction works implemented have improved condition of only upto 7 kms of drains. It is required to complete the work is the remaining stretches of primary drains. Areas like Station Road and Railway Station yard; Kutchery Road, Gujar Dharati, Jhalkari Nagar, etc. are understood to have problems of flooding due to lack of drainage arrangement.
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It is noticed that covered and open pucca open pucca roadside drains are grossly inadequate in the City. Presences of kutcha roadside drains are observed, although kutcha drains are not well defined and are easily damaged by the traffic. This leads to flooding on the roads, thus deteriorating the surface quality of roads. Inadequate forest / tree cover in the catchment area of the drains, particularly along the hill slopes, increase problems of siltation along with rain water run-off. Construction of check dams at a number of locations along the run-off channels, have reduced the problems of siltation, although it has resulted in reduction in quantity of run-off water.
Demand Assessment Adequacy assessment of drainage system, in the earlier section indicates - inadequate service levels for residents; inadequate coverage along the roads and in the newly developing areas; and inability to maintain the drains on continual basis.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Key Issues
Based on the assessment of the current systems and operations, the key issues in SWM in Ajmer include: The absence of the door-to-door solid waste collection system in the city, coupled with poor citizen waste disposal practices leads to a number of downstream problems discussed above. It is understood that segregation and door-to-door co llection of waste through private participation, is under active consideration by the AMC. The waste collection facilities too are inadequate. Waste cleaning equipments, waste storage bins and waste transportation vehicles are not adequate. Such inadequacy is further accentuated by poor primary collection and waste disposal practices by citizens. Though data on ground water quality is not available, there is a possibility that the leachate generated from the dumping site contaminates the ground water in the area. There is no control over encroachment and entry of rag pickers at the disposal site. Bio-medical waste from smaller hospitals and nursing ho mes find their way into MSW. MSW . Besides, there is no industrial/ hazardous waste management facility in the city. Occupational health hazard is also cause of concern. The waste collection, loading and unloading operations have been done manually. The sanitary workers have not provided with any protective equipment posing health hazards.
Demand Assessment The total waste generation for the ULB is estimated for base year (2006) and future upto 2021 on a waste generation rate of approximately 250 gms/capita/day (based on CPEEHO norms). The waste generation rate can be expected to grow higher than 250 gms/capita/day as the city population increases and there are enhanced levels of consumption.
Table 38: Solid Waste Waste Demand Demand Ajmer Municipal Council
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Year
Estimated Population
Waste Generation
In Lakh
TPD (@ 250 gms/capita/day)
2011
5.42
135
2015
5.9
148
2021
6.4
160
2031
7.55
188
2036
8.23
205
Source: Estimated based on URDPFI guidelines TOURISM AND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Key Issues
A major deterrents for heritage conservation, is, (i) The Rent Control Act has been restraining the owners from maintaining their old houses in the traditional precincts i.e. the Galees and Mohallas, since it does not provide any incentives for preservation of old houses. As a result, the piecemeal works of restoration carried out in the old structures have further deteriorated the aesthetic value of the heritage buildings. In the city s Master Plan, the inner city or the core areas and their historicity are not considered as part of the development process. Department of Culture provides 14 schemes of financial assistance to promote and sustain cultural activities, by provide monetary help to individuals, groups and voluntary organizations, although none provide direct support to conservation of built heritage. The profile of tourists visiting Ajmer presents significant challenges. A large number of poor tourists visiting the city during a short period (about 2 weeks during the Urs), depend significantly on civic agencies to provide for their needs and have poor paying capacity. On one hand the city needs to accommodate the needs of this segment, while on the other the city needs to attract more number of high paying tourists to provide an impetus to its local economy and thereby indirectly improve the revenue base of its civic agencies. In spite of presence of historic monuments from different eras, the city has failed to leverage its historical past to attract tourists. There is clearly a lack of promoting heritage tourism in Ajmer. Because of paucity of funds a number of monuments lie in derelict condition, e.g. Adhai din ka Jhonpara, Taragarh Fort. There is inadequate information about the historical sights the city has to offer. Classic example is of Akbar s fort which lies behind the Municipal Council Office, which is hardly visited by tourists. The poor approach to the historical sights is also a deterrent in attracting tourists. The approach road to Taragarh is a bridled path with steep slope. Parking facilities near monuments are in poor condition and / or adequately provided for. The number of foreign tourists has declined significantly. This can be partly attributed to the fact that the package of tourism experience in Ajmer has not improved significantly in the past few years, while other cities in Rajasthan have done very well in doing so. The various destination of religious importance in Ajmer have not been tied together with other such destinations. For example, a significant number of tourists visit Pushkar and bypass Ajmer
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on their itinerary. The facilities provided to the pilgrims at vishram sthali are highly inadequate. The structures built many years ago have deteriorated due to poor maintenance. Traffic and transportation facilities near the Dargah are insufficient and extremely chaotic. The narrow approach roads to the Dargah are incapable of handling Lakh of pilgrims, often causing risk of stampedes. More energy efficient means such as battery operated vehicles need to be explored as part of a comprehensive mobility plan for each area Underground Wiring needs to be implemented at the city level. Relocation and upgradation of transformers around various heritage assets is also required in specific places. Storm water, sewerage, drainage and solid waste i ssues have already been identified and need to be undertaken simultaneously with HRIDAY under AMRUT budget allocation as outlined by Ajmer city and State Government in joint meetings with MoUD held in August 2015.
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PRIORITISED ASSETS
SECTION 7 PRIORITISATION OF ASSETS PRIORITISING FIVE PRIMARY HERITAGE ASSETS OF AJMER-PUSHKAR
This section looks at the identified list of heritage assets under Section 3 including the primary assets listed under 3.3 to further prioritise 5 Key Primary Heritage assets for Ajmer- Pushkar to be taken up under the Civic Infrastructure Development Plan
7. PRIORITISATION OF ASSETS Upon analysis of the 12 Primary Heritage Assets listed under Section 3.3. and further discussions with various stakeholders (city mission directorate, CLAMC and other local residents of Ajmer Pushkar) 5 Key Priority Heritage Assets have been identified on the basis of their cultural significance and requirement for planning intervention. Influence area for these 5 priority heritage assets and infrastructure gap assessment for each area is outlined in Section 8 to finalise the Civic Infrastructure Development Plan. The 5 priority heritage assets (or conglomeration of assets as a zone) that have been selected from the primary ones listed under 3.3 can be presented as below: S.
List of key Heritage Assets identified under
No.
Section 3.3
1.
Ajmer Dargah Sahrif , Delhi Gate, Dargah Bazaar street and Chowk
2.
5 Prioritised Heritage Assets 1. Ajmer Dargah Sahrif with Bazzar
and Delhi Gate
Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) including Badshahi
Haveli, Gol Piyao, Lodha Haveli, Lakshmi Chowk, Lakshmi Chowk Gateway and Naya Bazaar street extending beyond the Walled City to Soni ji Ki Nasiyan which is a major religious
destination 3.
4.
2. Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and
Ghee Mandi Road including Satyanarayan
Soniji ki Nasiyan with Naya
Temple, Ghee Mandi Gate, Chota Ghara Temple
Bazzar area and surrounding
and Charbhuja Temple
heritage assets.
Karakka Chowk, including Lunia Haveli, Dhado ki Haveli among other significant Havelis
5.
Diggi Bazaar Road with Diggi Chowk and Diggi
Haveli and Talab 6.
Adhai Din ka Jhompra, Tripolia Gate, Kela Baoli,
Bada Baoli on Andar Kot Road 7
Anasagar Lake including the Anasagar, Daulat
3. Anasagar and Foysagar Lakes
Bagh and Subhash Udyan, Baradari, Saheli
with Daulat Bagh and Subhash
Bazaar, Chaupatti, Anasagar Ghat, Luv Kush
Udyan
Garden, Bajrang Garh 8.
Foysagar Lake
9.
King Edward Memorial along with Bibi ka
Maqbara, Abdulla Khan ka Maqbara, Railway
4. King Edward Memorial and Railway Station
Station, Victoria Jubilee Clock tower, GPO
Building, Nagar Nigam, Hathi Bhatta, Saint Cathedral Church 10.
Colonial Axis including Dayanand Market Circle,
St. Mary’s Church, Covenant English Church, leading up to Mayo College, Ajmer 11.
Pushkar Lake including Parikrama and Ghats
5. Brahma Temple with Sarovar
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12.
Brahma Temple and its access and environs
and Ghats
Table 39: List of key Heritage Assets The above table identifies 5 priority heritage assets for the city based on highest cultural, natural and social significance and being the most visited tourist zones in the city. However, each of these 5 heritage asset may additionally include more heritage assets that will be part of its impact/ influence zone. Next Section 8 provides a justification for delineation of the heritage zone around each of these 5 heritage assets along with proposals of civic infrastructure development plan for each zone.
Figure 36: Map showing the areas in Ajmer and Pushkar for 5 Priority Heritage Assets
118
Figure 37: Map showing location of heritage assets in the Ajmer-Pushkar region along with the prioritised assets (Detailed map in Annexure A)
119
Figure 38: Map showing the location of the 5 selected priority heritage assets (Detailed map in Annexure A)
120
SECTION 8 CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSAL PLANS FOR 5 HERITAGE AREAS
This sections analyses the 5 selected heritage areas and proposes the development plan for each with details of the work to be undertaken
121
INTRODUCTION TO DELINEATED AREAS (FOR AJMER AND PUSHKAR REGION) Justification for Influence Zones around Prioritised Heritage Assets The identified heritage assets have varying degrees and sca le of influence. This may be defined based on the following factors: 1. Significance – this is the level of importance of a singular or set of heritage assets based on historic, cultural, architectural value. The greater the significance of any asset(s), the larger its influence zone. For e.g. in the case of A jmer Dargah Sharif, the influence zone extends over the entire city, unlike in the case of Foy Sagar, which is a co lonial period manmade lake with little historic importance. The following map shows (light red) the impact distance and direction of each heritage asset. 2. Accessibility – this pertains to the immediate connectivity of the heritage asset and its environs to the most activated and accessed street network within the city. In the case of Ajmer, the Railway Station and Jaipur Road provide the maximum influx of tourists and intercity visitors. These visitors often further travel up Pushkar Road and Foy Sagar Road for additional attractions. The majority of visitors must use either Delhi Gate Road or Nala Bazaar to access the famed Dargah Sharif, however, most find it more convenient to access it via Delhi Gate Road due to its wider Right of Way and para-transit connectivity. The following map shows (purple) the critical connectivity network within the city of Ajmer and Pushkar. 3. Tourism Potential & Activities – another important factor in the delineation of influence zones is the site’s extent in terms of its associated activities. These might extend to characteristic use zones such as in the case of Akbar Qila and the ‘Haveli & Temple precinct’. This also takes into account factors such as local livelihood dependency. The following map shows (red) the immediate associated heritage assets forming coherent precincts. 4. Contiguity – Finally, the influence zones extending around the heritage assets must provide a coherent visitor experience and be identifiable and imageable as contiguous zones. The following map shows (yellow) the contiguous influence zones incorporating the above factors as well as imageability. Table 40: The prioritized assets as finalised in Section 7 have the following influence zones based on the above analysis:
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Prioritised Assets Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soniji ki Nasiyan with historic residential fabric Anasagar and Foysagar Lakes Dargah Sharif and Delhi Gate Brahma Temple and Pushkar Lake Edward Memorial and Railway Station
Influence Zone Naya Bazaar Lakefronts Dargah Bazaar Area Brahma Temple and Ghat area Railway Station precinct
122
Figure 39: Justification of influence zones around prioritised heritage assets
123
HERITAGE AREA 1: NAYA BAZAAR, AJMER HERITAGE ASSETS: AKBARI QILA (AJMERI KILA) AND SONIJI KI N A S I Y A N ( A N D S U R R O U N D I N G STRUCTURES)
8.1. INTRODUCTION TO DELINEATED AREA 1 8.1.1 DELINEATION OF HERITAGE AREA 1 The first prioritised heritage area is the zone of Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soniji ki Nasiyan, along with other heritage structures in the vicinity. This is also called the Naya Bazaar area of Ajmer, which has major historical significance. Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) dates back to the sixteenth century, while Soni Ji Ki Nasiyan is a nineteenth century Jain temple. Between these two structures, lie almost three hundred years of Ajmer’s evolution which are seen in its Mughal-Rajput Havelis, Colonial structures and Art Deco facades. The area between the two monuments is a walkable distance which is used by a large number of tourists and hence becomes the influence zone of the two assets. The location of other significant heritage structures in the vicinity enables us to extend this zone by a short distance such that the whole region can be developed as a heritage area for the city, one with a uniform language of heritage based development.
Figure 40: Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila
Figure 41: Soniji ki Nasiyan
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Historical Character
Local Livelihood dependency on the assets
Social Character
Settlement Pattern
Architecture Topology Contiguity
Legal and Administrative Boundaries
Environmental Character
Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) dates back to the sixteenth century, while Soni Ji Ki Nasiyan is a nineteenth century Jain temple. Between these two structures, lie almost three hundred years of Ajmer’s evolution which are seen in its MughalRajput Havelis. Furthermore, even Pre- Mughal structures such as the Charbhuja and the Satyanarayan temples lie within this stretch. The two main assets that is Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soniji ki Nasiyan provide livelihood to transport providers such as rickshaw pullers, auto and taxi drivers. The small shops and eateries around also get business from tourists visiting these places. Local residents of the area are small and medium business owners and traders. Socially, this is one of the most vibrant zones of A jmer city with multiple communities residing within and around the area. With numerous temples, havelis, mosques and commercial buildings, the mixture of uses provides for a socially and economically active area. This area displays the strongest urban character with tightly knit urban fabric, fine grain development and intimate street network. In addition, the area is very permeable, pedestrian friendly, and offers natural surveillance of public space. The area has Mughal Rajput havelis, Hindu and Jain temples as well as public buildings. It is a low lying area compared to the rest of the city, located in between the higher Dargah area and the lower lake area. The influence zone extends around the heritage assets, the temples and other public buildings providing a coherent visitor experience and identifiable and imageable c ontiguous zone. Other than a few structures such as Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) which is state protected and Badshahi Haveli which is ASI protected, the remaining buildings are owned privately, while the streets and public realm are managed by the Ajmer Municipal Corporation. This is a highly urban area with almost no natural features. High levels of pollution are caused due to extremely congested streets and heavy vehicular traffic. The intense commercial activity of Naya Bazaar adds noise pollution as well.
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8.1.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE HERITAGE AREA 1 Significance
The walled area of Ajmer arguably consists of two areas with maximum significance; one that of the Dargah Sharif and Bazaar and this area. While the Dargah area is heavily accessed by pilgrims, this area signifies the residential and commercial fabric of the walled city. This area represents the historic core of the city, architecturally as well as functionally. This area has significant historic and religious assets, along with a thriving intangible heritage. Architectural significance: Varied styles of architecture through different times periods; rajput, mughal, colonial, art deco buildings Religious significance: Various temples are located in this area such as Satyanarayana temple, and Soniji ki Nasiyan which is a Jain temple Cultural significance: Traditional practices such as festivals and processions carried out all year long are testimony of the living heritage of the place Tourism significance: The two main assets bring in large numbers of tourists and along with that revenue.
Location and Accessibility
The area is accessed primarily from the east and the north. Both of which are connected to the Jaipur Road and eventually the Railway station and the rest of Ajmer. The area is thus located in the heart of the city and has excellent connectivity. However, due to narrow streets and congestion it is difficult to access at certain times of the day and has limited capacity for expansion.
Total
Area covered: 22.8 acres Total length of stretch covered: 1.8 km. The area is a high density residential and commercial stretch with old havelis, as well as small and medium businesses. There is activity surrounding the multiple temples in the area as well. Residing in the area: 15778 Floating population: Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) sees about 70,000 people in a year and Soniji ki Nasiyan 1,50,000.
Livelihoods
Population
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Ownership of departments, trust, private bodies Existing Physical Infrastructure Water supply Drinking water Sewerage Drainage Electricity Fire fighting Solid Waste Management
State Archaeology department has ownership of Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and ASI of Badshahi Haveli, Soniji ki Nasiyan is owned and maintained by the Jain Trust. Other buildings ar e privately owned. Temples belong to trusts Water supply – Some drinking water points and hand pumps exist in the area Drinking Water- Public Health and Engineering Department is the responsible agency for water supply in the City of Ajmer providing 135 lpcd per capita of water Sewerage- Sewerage lines exist on the main roads. The narrow galis do not have proper sewerage system. Some toilets and urinals exist which are in a bad state Drainage –Open drains in most part of the heritage area or drains with broken covers Electricity lines in the area: Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) to Chopad= (11 Kv -----OH. Line ) (LT---OH.) Chopad to Ghee Mandi Gate= ( 11kv---OH. & Partly –UG.) Ghee Mandi Gate to Jain Temple= ( 11kv ---UG.) Ghee Mandi Gate to Internal Area= ( LT--- OH. ) (Cable LT. --OH. Through shop sheds ) Chopad to Ganesh temple= 11 kv UG. & Some Part OH. LT. ---OH. Ganesh Temple to Soni JI ki Nasiyan= 11 KV --- OH. LT. ----OH. Firefighting – No special provision for firefighting at present. Solid Waste Management –no other systems of management of solid waste. One big collection point in the area which is collected once a day by AMC.
Social Infrastructure Parks, pedestrian friendly environments Accessibility Tourism Infrastructure Parking Facility Public convenience Tourist Information Kiosk/Center Restaurant / Food Court
Parks, pedestrian friendly environments- Most of the inner lanes are only pedestrian. The two main vehicular roads have heavy vehicular movement. No parks or open space in this area Accessibility- The wider roads are accessible by four wheelers while the narrow galis are only accessible on foot or two wheelers
Parking Facility –No organised parking facilities present at the moment, only on street parking Public convenience- in the form of urinals and drinking water kiosks (numbers are marked on map) Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center – No facilities for tourists, including signage, interpretation, kiosks, ticketing areas. Restaurant / Food Court etc. – Small eateries all along the main roads. No food court. The inner galis do not have any restaurants.
127
Figure 42: Poor condition of existing public urinals
Figure 43: Open drains in narrow galis raising hygiene concerns.
Figure 44: Decharacterised heritage buildings- damaged facades, inconsistent signage, visual clutter due to hanging wires
128
8.1.3 BASE MAP
Figure 45: Base Map of facilities and infrastructure in the heritage area
129
Figure 46: Images of heritage structures and infrastructure in the area
130
8.2 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
•High concentration of tangible and intangible heritage assets •High tourist footfalls at both the assets throughout the year •Located centrally in Ajmer, and is easily accessible from other parts •Historical significance of the area due to buildings of Mughal, colonial and post colonial era •The condition of the roads in the area is decent •Existing tourist infrastructure such as hotels, ticket counter etc.
Weaknesses
•Access to the heritage assets is not demarcated well •Smaller heritage assets are not very well known •Congestion caused due to heavy vehicular traffic •Landscaping and streetscapes are in deteriorated condition •Physical condition of the structures- damaged, facades in a bad state •Infrastructure issues- open drains in the area, solid waste management is bad as garbage is collected at various places •High density of population making the area congested •Electrical issues in the form of hanging wires along the roads reducing visual character of the area
Opportunities
•The area provides an opportunity to i mprove the imageability of the city as it is centrally located and is highly visited throughout the year •High tourism potential with an opportunity to increase inflows due to location of important heritage structures •Opportunity to capitalise on and improve tourism economy from locals and foreigners •Opportunity to enhance quality of life of residents of the area with improvement in neighbourhood condition
Threats
•Pollution caused by the heavy vehicular traffic on the main Naya Bazaar road •Noise pollution due to intense commercial activity •Old buildings may be in dilapidated condition with a threat of breaking/getting damaged during work •Encroachment on either side of the main roads by hawkers and informal businesses
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8.3 TRENDS AND FORECAST FOR HERITAGE AREA 1 8.3.1 TOURISTS PROJECTION About 50% of the tourists coming to Ajmer would come to this part of the city. Soniji ki Nasiyan itself sees abut 1,50,000 tourists in a year. Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) sees a visitation of 78,000 per year.
Table 41: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 1
PROPOSED PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN HERITAGE AREA 1 (in Lac) No of Tourists
% Change
S.No.
Year
1
2015
21
0.5
21.5
2
2020
26
0.6
26.6
19.23
16.67
19.17
3
2025
31
0.7
31.7
16.13
14.29
16.09
4
2030
35
0.8
35.8
11.43
12.50
11.45
5
2035
38.5
1
39.5
9.09
20.00
9.37
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Projected Tourist Arrivals 90
25.00
80 20.00
70 60
15.00
50 40
10.00
30 20
5.00
10 0
0.00 2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
No of Tourists Indian
No of Tourists Foreigner
No of Tourists Total
% Change Indian
% Change Foreigner
% Change Total
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8.3.2 PROJECTION FOR TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE Tourism infrastructure is as follows:
Accommodation Facilities
Tourist Information center/kiosk
Transportation services
Tour guides and guided tour packages
Souvenir shops
Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks
6 small hotels exist in the area, and other boarding and lodging facilities which are almost never full except at the time of Urs. Therefore, the need for the future will be sufficed. A heritage walk proposal can promote bed and breakfast options in the area which would lead to socio economic improvement of the locals. No tourism information center exists right now, however there is the potential for one at Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and museum which will function for the area. Department of Archaeology has an ongoing proposal. There are auto stands and rickshaws parked along the main roads in the area, which will be managed with better parking facilities and organised movement pattern. None exist right now, but with the development of a heritage walk, guided tours can start for the locals as well as tourists which can be managed by AMC or leased out to private bodies/NGO’s. Potential to develop one for the area in Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) Museum. It is already proposed by Dept of Archaeology. There are over 25 small eating joints, dhabhas in the area which cater sufficiently to the local and floating population. It is also densely populated with street vendors selling fresh food items. Projection is to reorganize these vendors with standardised kiosks.
Besides the above, the following points have been analysed and projected for the heritage area -
-
-
-
Toilets: There are 4 open urinals in the area. They are enough in number but in a bad condition, making the area smell. 1 toilet complex for women exists in the area. Though the number is enough, the condition of these needs improvement. Parking: Parking is haphazard and done on the roads as of now, in front of shops and houses reducing the road width and causing congestion. One plot called Pashu Chikitsalaya (near Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila)), which is a defunct veterinary hospital has been identified to be converted into a dedicated parking lot in the future. Signage: Both information and direction signage are lacking in the area. Only the main monuments such as Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) has a board outside it. All other heritage structures do not have any demarcation or information panels which will need to be installed. The market area has incoherent shopfronts and inconsistent signage leading to loss of heritage character of the built form and making the streets look chaotic. Benches/Seating: No sitting area in the entire zone where tourists/locals can breakout. The only seating is outside the eateries which are used by their customers. The area does not have the potential for an open public space except outside Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) area which is more open.
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Urban Environment: The character and environment of the surroundings plays an important role in how tourists as well as locals use and perceive the area. Even though the roads are lined with heritage structures, these have been defaced and have dilapidated over the years. They have not been maintained well and incoherent additions and removals have been made from facades. These need to be conserved and restored in order to bring the heritage character of the area back, and for it to be better received by visitors.
8.3.3 PROJECTION FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Projection for Tourist Infrastructure in the heritage area is as fol lows:
Water Supply
Sewerage and Drainage
Roads and Transportation
Solid Waste Management
Health Hospitality and Tourist Facilities Electricity and wiring
Water supply is provided as 135 lpcd per capita, once a day to the entire area. There is no shortage of water supply in the area. There are 2 drinking water kiosks and 7 hand pumps located in the area while providing continuous water. These suffice the need but are in a bad condition and should be upgraded. Underground sewerage lines exist on most of the main roads except 2-3 narrow lanes which is being taken up now by the Municipal Corporation under AMRUT. There are storm water drains in the entire heritage area but either open or broken which will need covers and repairs. Roads in the heritage area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch (main roads are tarred and narrow galis have interlocking pavers) and do not need much improvement Waste is collected from 1 main collection point in the area once a day by the municipal corporation. Garbage is collected at 5-6 other spots which need provision of dustbins and organised collection of garbage and smaller dustbins along all other roads. There are 3 small clinics and one hospital in the vicinity of the heritage area which would suffice the need. Refer to 8.3.2 11kV supply of electricity to the entire area. 90% of the area has overhead wiring causing loss of electricity as well as visual clutter. These need to be put underground for the entire area. The light poles should be coherent with the heritage character and toolkit provided in the report.
Besides the above, another important characteristic to be noted is the pedestrian infrastructure in the area. It is lacking in the entire area, especially the main roads as there are no footpaths. The demarcated pedestrian area is blocked with parked two wheelers and four wheelers.
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8.3.4 GAP ANALYSIS As per the analysis of tourism and urban infrastructure, it can be noted that the gaps are as follows:
Tourism Infrastructure
Accommodation Facilities Tourist Information center/kiosk Transportation services Tour guides and guided tour packages Souvenir shops Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks Toilets
Parking
Signage and shopfronts Benches Urban environment
Urban Infrastructure
Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage
Roads Transportation
Solid Management
and
Waste
Health Hospitality and Tourist Facilities
No shortage of accommodation facilities in the area Lack of tourism information center which may be developed at Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) Lack of organised parking and movement for public transport such as rickshaws and autos None exist right now, but with the development of a heritage walk, guided tours can start Lack of souvenir shop, potential to develop one for the area in Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) No shortage of eating joints in the area No shortage of number of urinals and toilet complex, but condition of existing ones is bad. Upgradation of 4 urinals required. Lack of designated parking lot for the area. One lot has been designated for it at the Pashu Chikitsalaya. Lack of information and direction signage in the entire area. Shopfronts are not coherent No benches or seating in the entire area The area consists of heritage structures both public and privately owned which have been defaced over the years. These need immediate restoration and conservation works to improve the visual quality of the area as well as the condition of these heritage buildings. No shortage of water supply in the area. 2 drinking water points need upgradation The lanes without underground sewer lines will be covered under AMRUT taken on by the Municipal Corporation. 80% of the drains are either open or broken, which need to be covered or repaired. Roads in the heritage area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch (main roads are tarred and narrow galis have interlocking pavers) and do not need much improvement Lack of large collection bins as well as dustbins in the entire area. Waste must be collected everyday in a timely manner by AMC No shortage of health facilities Refer to tourism infrastructure above
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Electricity and wiring
Pedestrian infrastructure
-
Inexistence of underground wiring in the area - Lack of coherent light poles and wall mounted lights Lack of demarcated footpaths in the heritage area especially the main roads (50%)
8.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION The area has been finalized for redevelopment and a heritage walk proposed for locals and tourists, after various consultations with CMD and CLAMC. Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soniji ki Nasiyan to be taken up as the main assets along with other havelis and temples in the area. Regular meetings have been taking place through the course of work, with the CMD and CLAMC in Ajmer to discuss the project area and its components. A heritage walk was earlier proposed in this area by World Bank-MoUD as per a report prepared by CEPT. Most stakeholders were in agreement on a heritage walk proposal for this area. Though the walk routes was slightly modified from the previous CEPT proposal as per feedback from a) Chief Secretary in a meeting held in Jaipur with MCA on 12th June , b) Onsite survey with MCA engineers in June 2015 and c) final feedback from CLAMC in meeting held on 8 th July. Regular consultations by the local architect on site with various government authorities as well as local residents and experts has shown a positive frame towards development of heritage walk in Naya Bazzar area. There are mixed views regarding among AMC officials and local residents of Ajmer. Some officials have a very positive attitude and are very enthusiastic to be part of the team working on this project. Among local residents interviewed such as Mr Narayan Agarwal, resident of Naya Bazar, is very happy because his residence lies in the proposed Heritage walk area. Mr. Akshay Bindal, who has a jewellery shop in Naya Bazar is happy that this project will help in improving infrastructure of the area including underground wiring, better parking facilities, provision of street lights etc. Owner of Lodha Haveli along walk has offered to open up his Haveli for visitors during the walk. Overall, everyone has a positive attitude and are eagerly waiting for the implementation of the proposed projects. NOC’s are currently being obtained from the residents and other stakeholders and barring 1 -2 haveli owners most are in agreement . The project after the regular discussions in Ajmer has been covered by various media both print and electronic as below:
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Figure 47: News articles about the project
The recommendations received in the consultations are as follows:
Infrastructure and Facilities Local livelihood Enhancement
Image of the area Owners perception
Community participation in development
Drains must be covered to improve hygiene as well as flow of storm water. Livelihood will be enhanced with more organized tourism activities in the form of heritage walk as more tourists come to the area Image of the area will improve manifold with underground cabling of the area Owners are open and willing to get their buildings restored, and most are in cooperation with the proposed plan except 1-2 house owners. They agree that the overall area will improve with the proposals. Community has been participating through the plan development through various surveys and interviews on field
8.5 PROPOSED PLAN PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The objective of developing this area as a heritage walk in the old city core of the town is to be able to showcase the heritage of the region to tourists coming to the area in a curated, organized manner, while upgrading and developing the area. It will also enhance the socio-economic condition of the locals while instilling a sense of pride and ownership among the residents of the area.
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NEED OF THE PROPOSAL The proposal is needed to improve the basic infrastructure and services in the area as well as enhance the imageability of this important heritage zone. As a large proportion of visitors coming to Ajmer visit this area, improving the aesthetics along with infrastructure upgradation of this area becomes important.
CONCEPT AND DESIGN CALCULATION The plan focuses on ways of promoting the conservation of the city’s heritage assets as a driver of its growth and development. The proposed components and activities are the result of a series of public consultation and expert meetings, and are based on the findings as well from profiles and analyses of the area, from its heritage significance to land use, service and socioeconomic development issues. The components and activities looked at the area in a holistic manner, linking infrastructure and services provision with heritage conservation. Commercial areas are expected to become more organized and hazard free, with proper alignment of streets, parking, waste bins, standard sig nage and the rehabilitation of main heritage properties. Altogether these are expected to increase the overall appreciation and quality of the area under intervention, thus inspiring the rehabilitation of the city as a whole in a way that celebrates and respects its glorious past. The concept for the plan for the demarcated heritage area is about two main components of work. Design calculation is as follows.
HERITAGE CONSERVATION •
•
•
•
Façade restoration- all public and private buildings on the stretch Informational and direction signage- 18 informational signage and 21 direction signage Uniform shopfronts- all shopfronts in the stretch Guidelines and toolkit to be implemented
INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT AND BASIC SERVICE PROVISION •
•
•
•
•
• •
Street Lighting- 35 light poles, 75 wall mounted lights to be installed Underground wiring of the area- Entire 1.8 kms stretch to be taken up for underground wiring Street Furniture- 38 benches, 40 dustbins Improvement of existing public facilities- 2 drinking water points, 1 toilet and 4 urinals Improvement of drains with covers and repair work- in the entire 1.8 kms stretch Musuem at Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila), to be funded by State Archaeology and Tourism Dept Remaining sewerage work (for 2 streets) to be carried out under AMRUT (as per MoUD approval)
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•
Figure 49: Proposed location of signage in the heritage walk
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DETAILS OF THE PLAN ACTION PROGRAM A- HERITAGE CONSERVATION It aims at rescuing while valuing Ajmer’s heritage and its relationship with the identity and making of the contemporary city. This would be achieved through heritage conservation proposals including façade restoration, repairing of chajjas and chatris of old havelis, signage and related activities, with special attention to unlisted properties, which have social and cultural significance for the city.
Façade Restoration Within the pilot area, hoardings and other inadequate signage have covered culturally significant properties, thus, impacting people’s awareness of the importance of the heritage and the city as a whole. To address that, the following is proposed: Structural renovation/restoration o Resurfacing of façades o Restoration of plinths, parapets, Jharokhas and balconies Visual clutter removal o Removal of signage, hoardings and inadequate commercial promotion o Colouring of façades (as original) o Bringing back the symmetry in architectural style wherever new construction has come up and is contradicting the architectural style of the surroundings Within the pilot area and along the entire heritage walk, to maintain the symmetry and visual appeal, façade restoration is required.
Information and Directional Signage Signage is visual language to give an identity and character to the existing monuments in any historic core. The main purpose of an Integrated Signage System at Heritage Sites is to facilitate visitorslocal and tourist, pedestrian and vehicular. The Integrated Signage system provides direction for easy access and information about the rules-regulations to be followed, f acilities and amenities within the heritage building premise. The design always aims at clear and simplified understanding of the message authority wants to provide. An Integrated Signage System for Ajmer is proposed to provide information about the city’s heritage while facilitating the mobility and access of residents and visitors within the pilot area and along the heritage walk. Three types of signage are proposed: o o o
for monuments, for residential heritage for directional information.
Uniform Shopfront Provision of uniform shopfronts and boards for all commercial establishments in the heritage area to maintain coherence and heritage character. Guidelines and Toolkit for development of the area as per section 14 Area-wide urban guidelines, public streetscape guidelines, building guidelines as well as toolkit of street furniture for the area has been developed. Refer to Section 14.
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ACTION PROGRAM B- INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT AND BASIC SERVICE PROVISION Street Lighting
Street lights installation in various locations wherever needed. To reduce consumption of power all the proposed lights will be LED. Two types are proposed: free standing for street lights and wall mounted in the narrow residential streets. These can be seen in the proposal attached. As a thumb rule, street lighting shall be installed in the following manner on the heritage walk route unless otherwise specified: On stretches that are narrower than 3mts in width, wall mounted lights as per the o toolkit shall be installed at every 10mts distance. On stretches that are wider than 3mts in width, street lamps with design as per o the toolkit shall be installed at every 30mts distance of the route.
Underground wiring
Underground cabling of all the hanging wires in the entire walk area to improve visual appeal of the area. Ducting will be done on the roadsides, and covered with cobblestones which will also serve as road markers for the walk area.
Improvement of Toilets/Urinals Restoration/extension of existing toilet complex (west of Ajmeri Fort) presently illmaintained and with facilities for gents only. Needs to be upgraded and extend facilities to women. On street urinals total rehabilitation at 4 locations Ghas Katla Chawk, beside Badshahi building o Ramprasad ki kutchery o Adjacent to Char Bhuja Temple o o Nehar Mohalla Gali The following images depict scenario before and after rehabilitation. Presently, the on-street urinals are ill maintained, foul smelling and have a very negative visual impact on their surroundings. This can be reverted with minimal interventions, cleaning up on a regular basis and covering it up.
Figure 50: Before and after illustration of roadside urinal at Nehar Nehar Mohalla Gali
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Street Furniture
Installation of benches and planters in the commercial stretches. There is no street furniture in any of the stretches of the heritage walk. This includes benches and informal resting spaces in the area. The area is proposed to have benches in accordance with the toolkit as proposed later. Installation of waste bins in the commercial stretch . Stretch from Ajmeri Fort to Ghee Mandi Gate is one of the main commercial streets in the project area with many shops and street vendors. The solid waste generated in this stretch, especially leftover food, is a major contributor to the total solid waste from the area. Installation of waste bins in the stretch from Delhi Gate to Soniji ki Nasiyan as it lacks proper waste management system.
Drinking Water Points
As identified earlier, the 2 drinking water points on the heritage walk route shall be upgraded to make them usable and hygienic. They will also be disabled friendly.
Improvement of Storm Water Drainage
Drains in the residential neighbourhood will be covered The existing drains are to be repaired wherever broken
Sewerage work for remaining stretches in the area is already initiated under AMRUT
VISUALS OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE AREA
Figure 51: Images showing improvement in Naya Bazaar area with completion of work
142
Figure 52: Existing image of Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and surroundings area
143
Figure 53: Proposed visual of Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and surrounding areas after completion of proposed work
Figure 54: Image showing existing condition of a building in the walled city area
144
Figure 55: Image showing the building after proposed works have been completed
145
Figure 56: Images showing improvement in the condition of the area with removal of hanging wires
146
Figure 57: Proposed cover for open drains
Figure 58: Proposed upgradation of existing urinals
147
Figure 59: Proposed upgradation of water kiosks
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COST ESTIMATION Components
Amount (Cr.)
Source of Funding
Conservation and Restoration of Facades
2.3
HRIDAY
Covering and repair of drains
0.28
HRIDAY
Upgradation of public facilities
0.12
HRIDAY
Organisation of Parking
0.57
HRIDAY
Street Furniture
0.27
HRIDAY
Street Lighting and Illumination
0.62
HRIDAY
Underground wiring and resurfacing
1.29
HRIDAY
Museum at Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila)
2.5
State archeology and tourism Dpt.
Total Cost for shelf of project for Zone-1
Rs. 7.95 Cr
1E N O Z : kl a W e g at ir e H r a a z a B a y a N
Funding under HRIDAY : Zone -1
5.47 Cr
Commitment through other schemes
2.5 Cr.
PROJECT TIMELINE Month-Year Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY Parallel components under other scheme
2015 AugustSeptember
2015 OctoberNovember
2015-2016 December 2015- May 2016
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Note: The DPR with detailed drawings and estimates is already prepared for this Priority Zone and is ready for implementation
PROPOSED TOOLKIT Refer to Section 14 for detailed toolkit. The DPR prepared already incorporates this toolkit which is essentially Rajput- Mughal adapted styles with use of wrought iron at places since stone is too heavy a material for usage in narrow congested streets.
SHELF OF PROJECT The shelf of project of the proposal for the first heritage area is Naya Bazaar Heritage Walk (Revitalisation of Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) to Soni ji ki Nasiyan zone) which includes the following:
Conservation and Restoration of Facades Covering and repair of drains Upgradation of public facilities Organisation of Parking Street Furniture Street Lighting and Illumination Underground wiring and resurfacing Museum at Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila)
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HERITAGE AREA 2: ANASAGAR AND FOYSAGAR LAKEFRONTS HERITAGE ASSETS: ANASAGAR AND FOYSAGAR LAKES
8.1. INTRODUCTION TO DELINEATED AREA 2 8.1.1 DELINEATION OF HERITAGE AREA 2 Forming the most important natural heritage of the city, Anasagar and Foysagar lakes hold tremendous significance as unique examples of natural heritage in the city. While Anasagar enjoys tremendous footfall from locals and tourists alike due to its central location and all around access, Foysagar serves mostly local residential population with minimal infrastructure for large scale tourism, even though it is located within the scenic backdrop of the Aravallis. Both the lakes are artificial, Anasagar built in the 12 th century and Foysagar in the 19 th century. Parts of the lakefront are developed such as the Daulat Bagh area which is under ASI’s purview, but others need to be designed and developed properly as public spaces for the city.
Anasagar Lakefront
Foysagar Lakefront
151
Delineation of Anasagar Lakefront
Figure 60: Delineation of Foysagar Lakefront
152
Historical Character
Anasagar Lake is the largest in Ajmer. This man-made lake was created with the construction of a check-dam with sluice gates in the narrow portion between two hills on its south-eastern fringe. Constructed in the 12th Century AD by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan this dam (called Baradari) is flanked by a garden at graded levels, along both sides of the escape channel for water released from the lake. Foysagar’s origins go back to the late nineteenth century, when it was created as part of the Famine Relief Project in 1892. The areas around it have been developed subsequently, though very little built fabric exists around the area, since most of Ajmer’s urban expansion has been in east and south directions.
Local Livelihood dependency on the assets
Anasagar lake has since centuries been critical for the sustenance of the city, playing a pivotal role in its water harvesting and conservation, and also providing a place for recreation and enjoying splendid natural beauty. The lakefronts give livelihood opportunity to small eateries and food kiosks as well as local transportation services in the area such as rickshaw pullers and auto drivers. Anasagar is visited highly by locals as well as tourists so it is a mixed social character. Foysagar serves a local residential population with minimal infrastructure for tourism, even though it is located within the scenic backdrop of the Aravallis. Anasagar is located in the middle of the city ans is surrounded by dense residential and commercial structures around it. Foysagar is situated in the peri-urban area for Ajmer, hence has a primarily rural and sub-urban character. Anasagar lakefront has some developed portions f rom the Mughal times such as the Baradari and Daulat Bagh. The rest of the architecture is residential and commercial structures from m ore recent times. Foysagar on the other hand does not have much architectural structures around it. The natural topography of the terrain is like a saucer, with hills surrounding the city on three sides. Both lakes are low lying catchment areas for the surrounding Aravalli hills. The influence zone extends around the heritage assets, the public spaces providing a coherent visitor experience and identifiable and imageable contiguous zone. Ajmer Municipal Council is the agency responsible for conservation and management of the lakes in the City. All works pertaining to cleaning, clearing of encroachment, embankment protection and execution of projects is under purview of AMC. Anasagar and Foysagar have recently been funded by the National Lakes Conservation Project for upgradation. Heritage assets such as Daulat Bagh and Saheli Bazaar in the surroundings are protected by ASI.
Social Character
Settlement Pattern
Architecture
Topology
Contiguity
Legal and Administrative Boundaries
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Environmental Character
Anasagar has construction almost all along the lakefront both commercial as well as residential and has a main high speed road running all around. Foysagar has agrarian character towards to the south and the west edges of the lake. The Nagpahar is located towards the North of the lake and three sides of the lake are marshy and do not have a strong built lakefront.
8.1.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE HERITAGE AREA 2 Significance
Location and Accessibility
Total Area covered
Livelihoods
Population
It forms the natural heritage of the region, and an important public realm for the city of Ajmer and the surroundings. It is used hugely by locals as well as tourists and is an integral part of the public life of the city. Typologically, they also signify a harmonious designed interface between human settlement and natural resources. Originally, the lakes were designed as part of a Famine Relief Project and have since provided fresh water to the residents in Ajmer. They are also locally significant as a public recreational facility, which are few as it is. Anasagar lakefront is located in the north of Ajmer and is accessible at different points all around. There is no continuous lakefront but it is developed in parts. Foysagar Lake front is accessed primarily via the Foysagar road connecting Anasagar, Pushkar and Ajmer. There is no continuous lake front or access to most of the edges of the Lake at present.
Anasagar Lake: Perimeter: 8 kms, Total Area: 382 Ha Foysagar Lake: Perimeter: 5.2 kms, Total Area: 110 Ha Local employment has little relationship with the activities at the Lake Front. Commercial development is restricted with a shops located outside the entry gates. There is however potential for further tourist infrastructure and allied commercial activities The lakefronts are visited by approximately 25.8 lac visitors in a year.
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Ownership of departments, trust, private bodies Existing Physical Infrastructure Water supply Sewerage Drainage Electricity Fire fighting Solid Waste Management
The lakes come under the management of the Ajmer Municipal Corporation and PHED. Some parts of the lakefront such as the Baradari are under the ownership of ASI. Water supply –Continuous water supply in the developed part of the lakefronts. There is an existing pump house and drinking water facility which is in good condition Sewerage- Underground sewerage in most parts of the lakefront. Waste water and Sewage from many garages, hospitals and houses flows directly into the lakes. Drainage –The water body is a natural depression and collects seasonal runoff from the surrounding hills. The storm water flow of the city is so designed to connect with these major water bodies through drains. The overflow from Foysagar Lake is carried by Bandi River into Anasagar Lake and the overflow from Anasagar Lake is carried by Anasagar Escape Channel into Khanpura Tank via Pal Beechla. Electricity- Underground cabling at most parts of the Anasagar lakefront, with LED lights and light poles at all the developed stretches. There are lighting poles along the developed promenade at Foysagar, but these are non-functional at present. In addition, there is very little lighting for the rest of the lake at present. Firefighting – No special provision for firefighting at present. Solid Waste Management – Solid wastes that are dumped into the lake water include municipal waste from residential and commercial areas. Solid waste dumping causes blockage of drains, overflow into neighbouring areas. At the lakefronts, Anasagar has three waste dumping containers around it, but no dustbins at the lake. There is a single large refuse container at Foysagar and no other systems of management of solid waste, including management of waste of the channels that feed the lake itself. Parks, pedestrian friendly environments- Part of both the lakefronts have been developed as parks, ghats and promenades. Accessibility- Accessibility is restricted to some points of the lake only. The lakefronts are not continuous and accessible all around. Parking Facility –Anasagar has some dedicated parking facilities at places such as outside Subhash Udyan, and outside Luv Kush garden. No organised parking facilities present at the moment at Foysagar. Public convenience- Toilets are located at various places along both the lakefronts Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center – No information center at the lakefront Restaurant / Food Court etc. – Eating facilities are located around Anasagar on the main road but not at the lakefront. No eating facilities provided as of now at Foysagar, however, there are a few shops outside near the main access.
Social Infrastructure Parks, pedestrian friendly environments Accessibility
Tourism Infrastructure Parking Facility Public convenience Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center Restaurant / Food Court etc.
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The catchment area of Anasagar lake is 70.55 sq. kilometer and its circumference is 12.88 sq. km. The maximum and minimum depth is 16 feet and 3 feet. Presently the capacity of lake is reduced due to various reasons that include encroachment and siltation. The water quality in the lake is deteriorating gradually with the regular inflow of sewerage, waste water, and solid waste dumped in adjacent areas. Silt and sewage laden Bandi River, flowing from Foysagar Lake to A nasagar Lake contributes water pollution and siltation in Anasagar Lake. Due to the steep slope of the hills the surface run -off carries boulders and silt from erosion of the hills to the lake. This is also the natural c ause of siltation and lake capacity reduction. Salient Features of the two lakes:
S. No.
Name of Lake
1
Foysagar Lake
2
Anasagar lake
HFL (m)
485.305
Capacity
Controlling arrangement
Out flow into
Usages
4.25Million cum.
Waste weir, maintained by Municipal Council
Bandi River
Intermittent water supply & Recreational
7million cum.
Sluice gates maintained by Irrigation department
Anasagar Escape Channel
Recreational
Source Ajmer CDP
The two lakefronts have some stretches that have been developed properly forming a usable public realm for the city. However, it has other stretches which lack coherent development, are being used as garbage dumping spots. - Haphazard development and construction around the lakes has led to dumping of waste in the lake - Silting and uncontrolled solid waste dumping from the surroundings causes blockage of drains, overflow into neighbouring areas. These water bodies in the city, which acted as flood moderators, have also witnessed heavy silting. - In some areas, there is encroachment that has led to reduction in the lake area. The water storage capacity of the lake has significantly reduced. Growth of aquatic weeds has degraded the water quality in the lake. - The water bodies can be utilised not just as environmental assets but also for recreation and improving the overall ambience of the city. The present condition of the lakes inhibits such a benefit. There is under-utilised open space with potential to be developed as recreational public areas
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Figure 61: Image showing unused open space next to Anasagar lake with potential to be developed into public space for the city of Ajmer
Figure 62: Image showing garbage dumped next to the lake
Figure 63: Images showing garbage dumped in Anasagar Lake making it visually unappealing and unhygienic
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8.1.3 BASE MAP OF THE HERITAGE AREA 2 Parts of the two lakefronts have been selected after analysis, for proposed upgradation and development work
Figure 64: Anasagar Lakefront Prioritised Area: 22.3 acres Length of lakefront for development: 1.6 kms
Figure 65: Foysagar Lakefront Prioritised Area: 15 acres Length of lakefront for development: 520 mts
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Figure 66: Base Map of Anasagar Lakefront
159
Figure 68: Base Map of Foysagar Lakefront
160
Figure 69: Map with images of the Anasagar Lakefront
161
Figure 70: Map with images of Foysagar Lakefront
162
8.2. SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
• The two lakefronts have great aesthetic appeal attracting large numbers of people daily • Popular with the locals and tourists, it is one of the few open public spaces in the city • It is the only natural heritage in the region • Work has been done in the past in these areas so the condition of physical infrastructure is decent in stretches
Weaknesses
• Undervalued natural heritage • Currently used as a dumping space at various points • Large open spaces which have not been utilised to their potential • Inadequate tourism infrastructure to cater to the large influx of tourists and the high potential • Infrastructure such as lighting is inadequate in the area, as existing lightpoles do not work making the area dark • Solid waste management is an issue in the area
Opportunities
• Growth in tourism in recent times, both national and international • Potential to create usable public realm in the city • Improvement in quality of public life of the city • Opportunity to create pedestrian friendly environment in the area • Opportunity to improve the imageability of the city • Large open space which has the potential to be developed for public use
Threats
• Flooding of lake area which may cause delay in work • Siltation of the lake which means regular work is required • Encroachment of lakefront by informal activity and construction work • Regular garbage disposal in the lake and at the lakefront causing pollution
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8.3 TRENDS AND FORECAST FOR HERITAGE AREA 2 8.3.1 TOURISTS PROJECTION About 60% of the tourists coming to Ajmer visit the lakefronts.
Table 42: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 2
PROPOSED PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN HERITAGE AREA 2 (in Lac) No of Tourists
% Change
S.No.
Year
1
2015
25.2
0.6
25.8
2
2020
31.2
0.72
31.92
19.23
16.67
19.17
3
2025
37.2
0.84
38.04
16.13
14.29
16.09
4
2030
42
0.96
42.96
11.43
12.50
11.45
5
2035
46.2
1.2
47.4
9.09
20.00
9.37
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Projected Tourist Arrivals 90
25.00
80 20.00
70 60
15.00
50 40
10.00
30 20
5.00
10 0
0.00 2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
No of Tourists Indian
No of Tourists Foreigner
No of Tourists Total
% Change Indian
% Change Foreigner
% Change Total
164
8.3.2 PROJECTION FOR TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE The lakefront has the potential to be developed but has not been tapped into. Public facilities at the lakefronts are few. At other places on the lakefront, there is open space to be developed for tourism infrastructure. Tourism infrastructure projection is as follows:
Accommodation Facilities
Tourist Information center/kiosk
Transportation services
Tour guides and guided tour packages Souvenir shops Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks
Anasagar lakefront has Circuit House in the area and a number of small hotels and guest houses in the vicinity. It is centrally located so the accommodation facility in the main city will cater to this area. Foysagar does not require lodging facility. No tourism information center exists r ight now, however there will be one developed at Subhash Udyan catering to the area. No information center at Foysagar, but will be developed through park upgradation under AMRUT Unorganised parking near the ground in ghat area. IPT parking at Bajrang circle. A bus stand at the end of Chaupati, which need to be organised and made more prominent. None exist right now, but may be organised in the future as part of the whole city None right now but will be developed at Subhash Udyan as part of the Culture Park. There are over 5 small eating joints at Bajrang circle, and other dhabhas in the area which cater sufficiently to the local and floating population. Projection is to reorganize these vendors with standardised kiosks.
Besides the above, following points have been analysed and projected for the heritage area - Toilets: At Anasagar, there is one urinal in the area, one toilet and one sulabh complex. These need improvement. New toilet facilities to be developed at Subhash Udyan as part of the Culture Park. At Foysagar, there is one toilet complex in good condition. - Parking: 5 informal parking spots with 10-12 car capacity and 1 dedicated parking lot near Bajrang circle with a capacity of 50 cars. - Signage: Both information and direction signage are lacking in the area. Only Baradari has information signage as it is under ASI. The other parts of the lakefront need both information and direction signage. - Benches/Seating: Benches are located sporadically at different parts of the lakefront. More are required which are proposed in this plan.
8.3.3 PROJECTION FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Projection for Urban Infrastructure in the heritage area is as follows:
Water Supply
Water supply is provided as 135 lpcd per capita, once a day to the entire area. There is no shortage of water supply in the area. Water tank in Subhash Udyan, but no drinking water points. With the development of Culture Park, this will be taken care of. One water kiosk at Foysagar lakefront which is in good condition.
165
Sewerage and Drainage
Roads and Transportation Solid Waste Management
Health Hospitality and Tourist Facilities Electricity and wiring
Sewage of the surrounding areas flows into the lake at various points but needs to be treated which will be done through AMRUT Roads in the heritage area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch and do not need much improvement Waste is collected from 2 main dumps on the lakefront and 1 inside Subhash Udyan. There is a shortage of dustbins along the lakefront which will be proposed through this plan. There is 1 dump near the pump house at Foysagar lakefront. There are no health facilities in the heritage area but the surrounding one will suffice. Refer to 8.3.2 90% of the lakefront has underground wiring with light poles. These poles on the ghat area are not in coherence with the heritage character.
8.3.4 GAP ANALYSIS As per the analysis of tourism and urban infrastructure, it can be noted that the gaps are :
Tourism Infrastructure
Accommodation Facilities
Tourist Information center/kiosk Transportation services Tour guides and guided tour packages Souvenir shops Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks Toilets
Parking
Signage Benches
Urban Infrastructure
Water Supply
No shortage of accommodation facilities in the vicinity of Anasagar Lakefront. Foysagar does not need accommodation facility as tourist visit it during the day from Ajmer. Lack of tourism information center which will be proposed as part of Culture Park proposal. Lack of organised parking and movement for public transport such as rickshaws and autos None exist right now, but may start in the future with the development of the area leading to socio economic improvement Lack of souvenir shop, will be developed at Subhash Udyan Street vendors that exist will be organised. Food court is being proposed at Subhash Udyan No shortage of number of urinals and toilet complex, but upgradation of 3 toilets required. No shortage of parking space but it is unorganised which will be developed through this proposal Lack of information and directional signage in the entire area. Few benches at some places in the lakefront. More needed in coherence with the heritage character of the area. No shortage of water supply in the area. Drinking water points at Foysagar does not
166
Sewerage and Drainage
Roads and Transportation
Solid Waste Management
Health Hospitality and Tourist Facilities Electricity and wiring Pedestrian infrastructure
need upgradation, water points at Anasagar will be upgraded through Culture Park proposal. Sewage treatment before entering the lake needs to be done which will be done through AMRUT Roads in the surrounding area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch and do not need much improvement Lack of large collection bins as well as dustbins in the entire area. Waste must be collected everyday in a timely manner by AMC No shortage of health facilities in the vicinity Refer to tourism infrastructure above Lack of coherent light poles which are being proposed in the plan now Lack of demarcated continuous footpaths along the lakefronts which will be developed through this proposal
8.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION After discussions with city officials and MoUD, and various field visits to the area the lakefronts were decided as the second priority zone in Ajmer and the selected parts of the lakefronts were finalised for improvement. This draft HRIDAY Plan was discussed with agencies as well as stakeholders for additional recommendations. CLAMC meeting on 8 th September 2015 to finalise the proposal and field visit with Mayor of Ajmer, Mr. Gehlot on 10 th September 2015 to finalise the demarcated areas and components of work. The recommendations received in the consultations are as follows:
Infrastructure and Facilities
Local livelihood Enhancement Image of the area Owners perception Community participation in development
Pedestrian infrastructure is a must at the lakefronts according to Mayor, Collector and local citizens in the form of a jogging/walking track Livelihood of small vendors and t ransport providers will be enhanced as more tourists come to the area Image of the entire city will improve manifold with new public space developed at the lakefronts MCA is managing the lakes and is in agreement with the proposal. Community has been participating through the plan development through various surveys and interviews on field
167
The following is the coverage in the media of the stakeholder consultation:
Figure: 71: Press coverage
Figure 72: Press Coverage
The design of Culture Park at Subhash Udyan has been discussed with city officials and locals at various times. Detailed Concept Plan for Culture Park is approved by CLAMC.
168
8.5 PROPOSED PLAN PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The project objective is the creation of improved recreational facilities linked to natural and cultural heritage assets of Ajmer and rejuvenate lakes as valuable environmental assets of the city.
After analysis of the area, the project has been conceptualized as a public realm development and improvement of water quality project. The objective of developing the lakefronts is to ensure improved water quality and increased capacity of the lake while creating an open public space for the locals and tourists in Ajmer which can be used throughout the day as a freely accessible area. The provision of walking/jogging and cycling facilities to the people of Ajmer along a natural feature will promote physical activity in the city.
NEED OF THE PROPOSAL The proposal is needed to develop much needed recreational zone in the city of Ajmer which can be enjoyed by both the locals as well as tourists, while improving the condition of the lakes themselves.
CONCEPT AND DESIGN CALCULATION The concept of developing the lakefronts is to provide the city of Ajmer continuous public space which can be used freely by all while improving the environmental condition of the lake. Design calculation is as follows:
Anasagar Lakefront- 1.6 kms of lakefront a. Lake Ecology improvement: Desilting of the lake
b. Public Space and recreational facilities: Aesthetic improvement of the lakefronts by creation of public areas at various points with seating, paving, dustbins, proper signage
Plaza development- 2000 sqm Benches- 35 Dustbins- 35 Signage- Information- 10 and directional- 20 Street Lights- 40 Ram Prasad Ghat restoration and beautification is sanctioned under PRASAD Scheme Construction of 4 chattris at Anasagar Lake is sanctioned under PRASAD Scheme
169
c. Development of pedestrian promenade along lakefronts: Development of walking/jogging track along several stretches of the lakes with relevant toolkit and organised parking spaces Walking track- along 1.1 kms of the lakefront Parking space with information centre- At one location across Luv Kush Garden- 2000 sqm
d. Culture Park at Subhash Udyan is proposed which links to the lakefront development plan (Refer to concept plan of Culture Park for detailed design calculation) Foysagar Lakefront- 500 mts of lakefront a. Public Space and recreational facilities: Aesthetic improvement of the lakefronts by creation of public areas at various points with seating, paving, dustbins, proper signage
Benches- 10 Dustbins- 10 Signage- Information- 2 and directional- 5 Street Lights- 20
b. Development of pedestrian promenade along lakefronts: Development of walking/jogging track along several stretches of the lakes with relevant toolkit and organised parking spaces- 500 mts of Foysagar lakefront
170
MAP OF PROPOSED FEATURES
Figure 73: Proposed plan of Anasagar Lakefront (Part 1)
171
Figure 74: Proposed plan of Anasagar Lakefront (Part 2)
172
Figure 75: Proposed plan of Foysagar Lakefront
173
DETAILS OF THE PLAN Action Program A
a. Public Space and recreational facilities: Aesthetic improvement of the designated lakefronts by creation of public plazas at various points with seating, paving, dustbins, proper signage b. Development of pedestrian promenade along lakefronts: Development of walking/jogging track along demarcated stretches of the lakes with relevant toolkit and organised parking spaces (refer to proposal maps) c. Restoration and Beautification of Ram Ghat: Anasagar lake (Sanctioned in PRASAD) d. Construction of 4 Chattris at Anasagar Lake (Sanctioned in PRASAD) e. Development of park at Foysagar Lake under AMRUT (as per MoUD approval) Action Program B a.
Lake Ecology improvement: Desilting of Anasagar Lake: Proposed works include de-silting of Anasagar Lake, for cleaning, to improve water storage capacity and improve water quality. Identification and Treatment of sewage before entering lakes (Under AMRUT)
b. Development of Cultural Park at Subhash Udyan The plan at Anasagar proposes a Culture Park at Subhash Udyan (Refer to Concept Plan for details of Culture Park, Ajmer). It will have the following broad components:
1. Interpretation Centre and Open Air Museum -
Gallery and Display Spaces
-
Ticket Counter
-
Mobile toilets
2. Ajmeri Haat: 9600 sq.m open area -
Craft Stalls
-
Food Stalls
-
Ticket Counter
-
Vaulted performance hall
-
Open Amphitheatre with changing rooms
-
Refurbished Sulabh Complex + Mobile toilets
3. Crafts Training Centre -
Vaulted crafts workshops
-
Toilets
4. Arts & Crafts Exchange -
Exhibition cum sales stalls
-
Indoor Gallery and administration cum reception
-
Vaulted performance hall
5. Offsite Parking Structure
174
Figure 76: Images showing concept design of Culture Park at Subhash Udyan
175
Figure 77: Image showing existing condition of one stretch of t he Anasagar lakefront
Figure 78: Image showing the proposed public realm developed along the Anasagar lake
176
Figure 79: Images showing redeveloped lakefront of Anasagar
177
Figure 80: Images showing redeveloped lakefront of Anasagar
178
Figure 81: Images showing improvement in Anasagar Lakefront after proposed work
179
Figure 82: Images showing improvement in Foysagar Lakefront after proposed work
180
COST ESTIMATION Project Cost –
2 E N
Components
Amount (Cr.)
Source of Funding
Development of Cultural Park at Subhash Udyan
13.6
HRIDAY
Public Space and recreational facilities at Lakefronts
0.3
HRIDAY
Development of pedestrian promenade along lakefronts
1.7
HRIDAY
Lake Ecology improvement
8.9
HRIDAY
Restoration and Beautification of Ram Ghat : Aanasagar lake
1
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Construction of 4 Chattris at Anasagar Lake
1.34
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Total Cost for shelf of project for Zone-2
26.84 Cr
O Z T N O R F E K A L
Funding under HRIDAY : Zone -2
Rs. 24.5 Cr
Commitment through other scheme
Rs. 2.34 Cr.
PROJECT TIMELINE Project Phasing – a. Lakefront Development- Nov. 2015 – March 2017
Month-Year
2015
2015
2015-2017
Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY Parallel Components under other schemes
November
December
Jan 2016- March 2017
181
b. Culture Park- Nov. 2015 – August 2016
Month-Year
2015
2015
2015-2016
Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY
November
December
Jan 2016- August 2016
TOOLKIT Colonial style template (Refer Chapter 14)
SHELF OF PROJECTS The shelf of projects for this heritage area is: a. Development of Cultural Park at Subhash Udyan b. Public Space and recreational facilities at Lakefronts c. Development of pedestrian promenade along lakefronts d. Lake Ecology improvement e. Restoration and Beautification of Ram Ghat: Anasagar lake f. Construction of 4 Chattris at Anasagar Lake
182
HERITAGE AREA 3: DARGAH BAZAAR ROAD HERITAGE ASSETS: DARGAH AND DELHI GATE
8.1. INTRODUCTION TO DELINEATED AREA 3 8.1.1 DELINEATION OF HERITAGE AREA 3 Ajmer Sharif Dargah, Ajmer Dargah, Ajmer Sharif or Dargah Sharif is a sufi shrine of saint, Moinuddin Chishti located at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. The Dargah complex itself contains a number of significant structures including the grave (Maqbara) of the revered saint. The main gate to the shrine is the Nizam Gate, followed by the Shahjahani Gate, erected by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. In turn it is followed by the Buland Darwaza built by Sultan Mahmood Khilji, upon which is hoisted the Urs flag, marking the beginning of the death anniversary rituals. The Urs for Moinuddin Chishti is celebrated every year on the 6th and 7th of Rajab. The shrine also contains a significant traditional watershed of the area called Jalashar. However, the heritage is marked by the pilgrim approach and significant axis leading upto the Nizam Gate, as well as the bazaars surrounding the shrine. Delhi Gate is an important city gate located at Dargah Bazaar, north of the Dargah. The area surrounding the Dargah is a highly dense residential and commercial area of the city and also the oldest part. The site surroundings are visited in large number by residents as well as huge floating population of tourists, both local and international. Almost all tourists visiting Ajmer visit this part of the city. The stretch between the Dargah and Delhi Gate which is a commercial area can be considered the influence zone as most of the users to this area come via this road. It has the infrastructure as well as tourist facilities on the stretch which when developed according to plan will be able to cater to the influx of users.
183
Figure 83: Dargah Sharif
Historical Character
Local Livelihood dependency on the assets
Social Character
Figure 84: Delhi Gate
It is part of the oldest walled city area of Ajmer, which has a dense settlement fabric and high concentration of historic structures. All the commercial activity in the area is related to the Dargah itself such as the souvenir shops, shops selling religious items, food vendors and restaurants as well as hotels. Socially, this is one of the most vibrant zones of Ajmer city with multiple communities residing within the area. With numerous residential and commercial buildings, the mix of uses provides for a socially and economically active area.
Settlement Pattern
This area displays a strong urban character with tightly knit urban fabric, fine grain commercial and residential development. The area is congested with pedestrian activity throughout the day.
Architecture
It has 2-3 storey buildings along the road from the Mughal times and tightly knit urban fabric. It is located at a higher level than the surrounding city, at the foothills of the Aravallis The influence zone extends around the Dargah and its main access road till one of the important Mughal gates to provide visitor experience and i dentifiable and imageable contiguous zone. The Dargah is owned and maintained by the Dargah Committee, while the remaining buildings are owned privately. The streets and public realm are managed by the Municipal Corporation. It is a completely constructed built environment with almost no natural features around. The intense commercial activity in the stretch and the activity of
Topology Contiguity
Legal and Administrative Boundaries
Environmental Character
184
the dargah itself, makes it an area with high noise pollution.
8.1.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE HERITAGE AREA 3 Significance
Located in the heart of Ajmer, the Dargah and surrounding areas have highly significant religious as well as historic heritage ass ets. The area is visited by almost all the tourists that come to the city. •
•
•
•
•
Location and Accessibility
Popular area, all tourists that come to the city visit the Walled city area Location of significant tangible and intangible heritage assets, precincts and unlisted heritage structures. Dargah gives it high religious significance It has high numbers of residents living in the area and small and medium businesses Well connected with the rest of the city The urs festival sees a large influx of tourists, driving the economy at that time
It is most densely populated and used residential and commercial area, and any intervention in this area would directly affect both the locals as well as tourists. It would improve the imageability of the city and the quality of life of the residents. It is located in the heart of the city, to the south of the Anasagar Lake. It is well connected to the rest of the city with road infrastructure.
Total Area Covered
The Dargah and road that is the main impact area is 8.5 5 acres. It is 570 mts long
Livelihoods
Small and medium businesses catering to the needs of the Dargah and the visitors such as shops, restaurants and hotels are located all along the stretch. Residential population of this stretch is approx. 8700 people. Whereas the floating population is around 38 lac visitors a year.
Population
185
Ownership of departments, trust, private bodies Existing Physical Infrastructure Water supply Sewerage Drainage Electricity Fire fighting Solid Waste Management
Dargah is owned and maintained by the Dargah Trust. All other buildings on the stretch are privately owned.
Social Infrastructure Parks, pedestrian friendly environments Accessibility Tourism Infrastructure Parking Facility Public convenience Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center Restaurant / Food Court
Water supply continuous water supply in the area Sewerage- underground sewerage is done for the area Drainage Open drains on the stretch which are clogged with garbage or broken Electricity- Overhead cables through shop sheds. Unused underground cables which were done under JNNURM. There are lighting poles along the road with hanging wires causing visual clutter Firefighting No special provision for firefighting at present. Solid Waste Management Waste is dumped at various locations in the area, one main dump outside. No dustbins in the area. Parks, pedestrian friendly environments- The entire stretch is supposed to be pedestrian however cars enter at t ime causing congestion Accessibility- Accessibility is restricted to one end of the road before which cars are parked outside and people walk in –
–
–
–
Parking Facility Private parking lots are located outside the zone. Autos, tangas and two wheelers park haphazardly all over. Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center No information center in this area Restaurant / Food Court etc. over 35 restaurants in the short span of 500 mts –
–
–
Dargah Bazaar Road •
•
• •
•
• •
•
•
•
There exist Inconsistent shopfronts on the road causing decharacterisation Hanging wires in the area causing visual clutter Bad condition of building facades which have been altered over time Visual clutter caused by excessive boards, advertisements Dargah loses visual supremacy Waste collected on the sides of the roads Clogged drains Congested road due to two-wheeler, four-wheeler traffic and large numbers of pedestrians in the same zone No open public space in the area Haphazard and unorganised parking
186
Figure 85: Images showing condition of Dargah surroundings and Bazaar
187
8.1.3 BASE MAP OF HERITAGE AREA 3
Figure 86: Image showing the location of heritage area
188
Figure 87: Base Map of Dargah Heritage Area
189
Figure 88: Map with images of Dargah Area
190
8.2. SWOT ANALYSIS Popular area, all tourists that come to the city visit the Walled city area Location of significant tangible and intangible heritage assets, precincts and unlisted heritage structures- Historical, cultural, religious significance Dargah, which is the most popular destination in the city is located in the heritage area making it of high religious significance It has high numbers of residents living in the area Well connected with the rest of the city The urs festival sees a large influx of tourists, driving the economy at that time
•
•
Strengths
•
• • •
•
•
Weaknesses
• •
•
Inadequate infrastructure- broken roads, drainage problems, water supply and sewage Inadequate tourist infrastructure- inadequate drinking water points, toilets, parking facility High density areas with narrow galis Undervalued and damaged heritage structures which are in a bad condition, and need improvement immediately Mismanagement of the heritage area and assets
•
•
Opportunities
•
• •
•
•
Threats
•
• •
Growth in tourism in recent times, both national and international Central governments interest in urban renewal Opportunity for large amounts of tourism revenue generation Improvement in the imageability of the area Improvement in neighborhood livelihood and overall quality of life
Adapted heritage buildings and damage to heritage properties Large floating population Visual clutter because of unauthorised signage, hoardings Pollution due to vehicular use Encroachment in parts of public area
191
8.3 TRENDS AND FORECASTS FOR HERITAGE AREA 3 8.3.1 TOURISTS PROJECTION 95% of the tourists coming to Ajmer will visit the Dargah and its surrounding areas as that is the primary reason for tourists to come to the city.
Table 43: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 3 PROPOSED PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN HERITAGE AREA 3 (in Lac) No of Tourists
% Change
S.No.
Year
1
2015
37.8
0.95
38.75
2
2020
49.4
1.14
50.54
23.48
16.67
23.33
3
2025
58.9
1.33
60.23
16.13
14.29
16.09
4
2030
66.5
1.52
68.02
11.43
12.50
11.45
5
2035
73.15
1.9
75.05
9.09
20.00
9.37
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Projected Tourist Arrivals 90
25.00
80 20.00
70 60
15.00
50 40
10.00
30 20
5.00
10 0
0.00 2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
No of Tourists Indian
No of Tourists Foreigner
No of Tourists Total
% Change Indian
% Change Foreigner
% Change Total
192
8.3.2 PROJECTION OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE Projection for tourism infrastructure is as follows: Accommodation Facilities There are 75 small hotels and guest houses in the 500 mts stretch catering to the religious tourists in the area, and similar density of hotels on the surroundings roads. These are full during urs, but have availability during the other times. There are no information centers/kiosks in the area Tourist Information center/kiosk but there is no need for these in the area as visitors only come here with the purpose of going to the Dargah
Transportation services
Tour guides and guided tour packages
Souvenir shops
Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks
Tanga stand and auto stand at the entry of the pedestrian road which are unroganised and chaotic. These will be organised through this proposal plan Informal tour guides roam around on the road to take tourists to surrounding monuments and Pushkar. This area can be integrated with tours from other areas in the city. Over 60 small shops selling local items, material for the Dargah and other religious items. These are incoherent and will be made more uniform through this proposal making the entire road more organised. There are 30 small food stalls and restaurants in the stretch itself and similar numbers on the surrounding roads catering to the visitors in this area. These will again be made more uniform through the proposal.
Tourism infrastructure is as follows: - Toilets: There are a no public toilets on this stretch of the road but 1 big toilet complex in the vicinity and 4 urinals which suffice the need of the area. Toilets are also located inside restaurants and hotels which are used by the customers. - Parking: Parking is currently outside the heritage area in designated privately owned lots which give out space on an hourly basis. Another public parking lot is proposed at Longia Hospital which will be developed by AMC through AMRUT. This will suffice the need of the dargah and its surroundings. - Signage: Both information and direction signage are lacking in the area. The market area has incoherent shopfronts and inconsistent signage leading to loss of heritage character of the built form and making the streets look chaotic. These will be proposed for improvement through the plan. - Benches/Seating: No sitting area in the entire zone for visitors but the width and fast moving nature of road is such that this may not be mandatory. Urban environment: The main road leading to the Dargah is congested due to encroachments from surrounding shops and the large numbers of informal activity on it. The pedestrian traffic is high specially during morning and evening. This needs more organisation which is proposed in the plan. The buildings along the road need façade treatment and signage and shopfronts need to be made uniform. There is a need for a designed public space at Delhi Gate and Tanga stand.
193
8.3.3 PROJECTION OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Projection for Tourist Infrastructure in the heritage area is as follows:
Water Supply
Sewerage and Drainage
Roads and Transportation Solid Waste Management
Health Hospitality and Tourist Facilities Electricity and wiring
Water supply is provided as 135 lpcd per capita to the city. There is no shortage of water supply in the area. Water kiosks and hand pumps are located in the vicinity of the Dargah, outside the heritage zone which cater to the needs of the visitors. Underground sewerage system exists in the area. Drains are located on both sides but are open and clogged or broken. These will be covered and repaired through this proposal. Roads in the heritage area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch and do not need much improvement Waste is dumped outside shops and restaurants on the stretch and there are no dustbins. These will be proposed in the plan. There are 2 dumps in the vicinity which are cleared daily by MCA There are no health facilities in the heritage area but the surrounding ones will suffice. Refer to 8.3.2 Underground cabling has been done on the stretch but is lying unused as the project was not completed. This existing underground cabling will be rectified and utilised now. Overhead wires are seen hanging in the area.
8.3.4 GAP ANALYSIS Tourism Infrastructure
Accommodation Facilities Tourist Information center/kiosk Transportation services
Tour guides and guided tour packages Souvenir shops Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks Toilets Parking
No shortage of accommodation facilities in the vicinity of the Dargah. Tourist centers in the rest of the city cater to the Dargah as well. Lack of organised parking and movement for public transport such as rickshaws, tangas and autos Tour guides from the rest of the city come here to get business from the Dargah visitors. No shortage of shops in the area but need more organisation. No shortage of restaurants in the area but need coherent boards and encroachment of the road needs to be stopped. Toilets in the surroundings suffice the need of the visitors Vehicular parking exists in private lots outside the area, ahead of Delhi Gate where people park their vehicles and walk to the
194
Signage
Benches
Urban Environment
Urban Infrastructure
Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage Roads and Transportation
Solid Waste Management
Health Hospitality and Tourist Facilities Electricity and wiring
Dargah. New lot is being proposed at Longia Hospital by AMC under AMRUT. Parking of autos and tangas needs more organisation. Lack of information and directional signage in the entire area. Lack of uniform shopfronts. Seating is not required on this road. Potential to develop public space at Delhi Gate and Tanga stand. Congested road making it difficult to walk. Needs to be made more open and or ganised by removing encroachments on the road. Lack of open public space in the area. No shortage of water supply in the area. Underground sewerage exists in the area. Drains need covers and repairs. Roads in the surrounding area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch and do not need much improvement Lack of dustbins in the stretch. Waste must be collected everyday in a timely manner by AMC No shortage of health facilities in the vicinity Refer to tourism infrastructure above Unused underground wiring needs to be rectified and utilised
8.4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS RECEIVED IN S T A K E H O L DE R C O N S U L T A T I O N A number of CMD and CLAMC meetings have taken place in Ajmer regarding the priority zones, their delineation and the kind of work that may be undertaken under the HRIDAY Scheme. The proposal keeps in mind those recommendations and suggestions. On ground filed visits and informal discussion with Dargah committee members and visitors in the surroundings has further informed the proposal for this area. This draft HRIDAY Plan has been further discussed with stakeholders and officials for additional recommendations.
Infrastructure and Facilities
Unutilised underground cabling to be included in the plan and reason for failure of this project under JnNurm be inspected to ensure effici ent functioning under HRIDAY
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Local livelihood Enhancement
Image of the area
Owners perception Community participation in development
Livelihood of small vendors and transport providers will be enhanced as it becomes more organized Less congestion on the road with development of organized movement and parking as well as plazas will improve the image of the area Owners of shops and restaurants in the area will be happy to introduce uniform shopfronts Community has been participating through the plan development through various surveys and interviews on field
8.5 PROPOSED PLAN PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To rejuvenate the core area of Sufism and cultural identity of Ajmer with Dargah area surroundings and its intangible heritage assets to facilitate pilgrim tourists.
NEED OF THE PROPOSAL The proposal is needed to improve the basic infrastructure and services in the area as well as enhance the imageability of this highly visited area in Ajmer. As most of the visitors coming to Ajmer visit this area, improving the aesthetics along with infrastructure upgradation of this area becomes important.
CONCEPT AND DESIGN CALCULATION The concept for the project is overall improvement of the main access road leading to the Dargah and rectifying the gaps in infrastructure that exist currently. The following works are being proposed: Façade treatment of public and private properties- 117 buildings Façade illumination of the entire stretch- 500 mts Area wide toolkit implementation signage- 8 Street furniture such as dustbins- 10, bollards- 5 Uniform shopfronts and removal of encroachment- 90 shops Rectifying gaps in existing underground cabling- 500 mts stretch Plaza development at Delhi Gate- 450 sqm Reorganise parking at Tanga stand- 350 sqm Covering and repair of existing drains- 500 mts stretch
–
Other proposals under AMRUT (as per MoUD approval) Development of parking lot at Longia Hospital Solid waste management for both centralised and decentralised waste Streamlining of infrastructure- underground services- sewerage and dra inage •
• •
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DETAILS OF THE PLAN Action Program A: a. Development of public space in heritage area -
Plaza at Delhi Gate Delhi Gate has open space around it which is currently not organised. It is chaotic because of haphazard parking and heavy congestion from vehicles and pedestrian traffic. This space will be redeveloped as an open public space.
-
Organised parking and public space at Tanga stand The area where pedestrian movement starts on the Bazaar Road has haphazard parking of tangas, autos, rickshaws and street vendors. This area will be reorganised with proper public space development. Parking space at Longia Hospital (under AMRUT)
-
b. Street furniture -
Dustbins along the entire stretch Bollards at Tanga stand
c. Uniform shopfronts and signage -
Coherent shopfront design Uniform signage both directional and information
d. Heritage Conservation -
Conservation of Delhi Gate (to be undertaken by ASI) Façade treatment of buildings on the stretch Façade illumination of the stretch
Action Program B: a. Upgradation of existing electrical infrastructure -
Rectifying gaps in underground cabling to make it usable
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MAP WITH PROPOSED FEATURES
Figure 89: Proposal plan for Dargah Bazaar Area
198
Figure 90: Images showing improvement in the Dargah area
199
COST ESTIMATION Project Cost approx. Rs. 6.75 Crores –
3E N
Component
Amount (in Rs.)
Source of Funding
Development of public space in heritage area
0.85
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Street furniture, streetscaping and drain repair/covers
0.4
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Uniform shopfronts and signage
1
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Heritage Conservation
3.25
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Upgradation of existing electrical infrastructure (500 mts stretch)
1
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Total Cost for shelf of project for Zone-3
6.75 Cr.
O Z R A A Z A B H A G R A D
Funding under HRIDAY : Zone -3
Nil
Commitment through other scheme
6.75 Cr
PROJECT TIMELINE Project Components are sanctioned under PRASAD and will be undertaken according to the timeline of the scheme.
PROPOSED TOOLKIT Mughal Style template. Refer to section 14
SHELF OF PROJECT The shelf of project for this plan is Dargah Bazaar Revitalisation including the following components:
200
Development of public space in heritage area Street furniture, streetscaping and drain repair/covers Uniform shopfronts and signage Heritage Conservation Upgradation of existing electrical infrastructure (500 mts stretch)
201
HERITAGE AREA 4: BRAHMA TEMPLE AND PUSHKAR LAKE HERITAGE ASSETS: BRAHMA T E M P L E , P U S H K AR L A K E A N D GHATS
8.1. INTRODUCTION TO DELINEATED AREA 4 8.1.1 DELINEATION OF HERITAGE AREA 4 The delineated heritage area can be seen as two zones, one along the sacred water front (i.e. ghats along Pushkar Sarovar including Brahma Ghat & Jaipur Ghat among others) and another along the designated spiritual walkway including important temples of Brahma ji, Gyan Gopal ji and Old & New Rangji. The area also includes the vicinity taking into account the main commercial streets and chowks of the town. Mythologically, Pushkar Sarovar is believed to have formed when a lotus fell from the hands of Lord Brahma while he performed a yagya. However, the ghats began to be constructed since 7 th century and were gradually and added and upgraded till 20 th century. The present structure of the Brahma Temple dates back to 14 th century, however, it is believed to be 2000 years old. The area includes structures ranging from the Hindu temples having shikharas and gumbads along with dharamshalas and temples of a later period in haveli styles. It also has temples of Old Rangji and New Rangji in the South Indian Nagara style of temples. Hence, the area has a high footfall of pilgrims as well as tourists from all parts of India as well as abroad. The area surrounding these structures is a dense residential and commercial area. The temple is visited by pilgrims and also by the holy men and sages, after taking a ceremonial sacred bath in the Pushkar lake. It is also a practice that visit to the Brahma temple is followed by worship of his consort Gayatri, followed by visits to other temples as convenient. Three aratis are held in the temple: Sandhya arati in the evening about 40 minutes after sunset, Ratri Shayan arati (night-sleep arati) about 5 hours past sunset and Mangala arati in the morning, about 2 hours before sunrise.
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The area surrounding the temple and lake is of high historic and religious significance and is demarcated as the fourth priority zone in the HRIDAY Plan as it is highly used by both locals and tourists regularly. The area will be upgraded and redeveloped for basic infrastructure and heritage conservation, in the form of a heritage walk.
Figure 91: Brahma Temple, Pushkar
Figure 92: Pushkar Sarovar
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Figure 93: Old Rangji Temple, Pushkar
Historical Character
Local Livelihood dependency on the assets
Social Character
Settlement Pattern
Architecture
Topology
The ghats began to be constructed since 7th century and were gradually and added and upgraded till 20th century. The present structure of the Brahma Temple dates back to 14th century, however, it is believed to be 2000 years old. The area includes structures ranging from the Hindu temples having shikharas and gumbads along with dharamshalas and temples of a later period in haveli styles. It also has temples of Old Rangji and New Rangji in the South Indian Nagara style of temples. Because of religious pilgrimage and tourist attractions, the dominant sector for livelihood is trade and commerce. Household industry also considers a significant occupational category because of its art and crafts. The cattle fair is the most important event which attracts large number of traders and craftsmen from across the state. This fair has also become a main tourist attraction especially among foreign visitors. The chief attractions of the fair are cattle trading, cultural program, craft bazaars etc. It is estimated that most of the local craftsmen earn 80% of the annual income during the Pushkar Fair. Socially, Pushkar is one of the most vibrant religious towns of Rajasthan as well as India with multiple communities residing within and around the area. With numerous temples, havelis, mosques and commercial buildings, the mixture of uses provides for a socially and economically active area. This area displays a strong urban character with tightly knit urban fabric, fine grain development and hierarchical street network. In addition, the area is very permeable, pedestrian friendly, and offers natural surveillance of public space. The area has Mughal Rajput havelis, Hindu and Nagara style of temples as well as public buildings. With the religious water body forming the focal point of the town, it showcases ghats and temples as an important architectural character of the town. The general topography of the town is undulating with lake at the lowest point and settlement at higher levels. This has given rise to sloping roads and stepped lanes. Around the lake slope is steeper along the northern
204
Contiguity
Legal and Administrative Boundaries Environmental Character
part. Hence, we can say that the major slope of the town is north to south. The influence zone extends around the heritage a ssets, the temples and the spiritual walkway providing a coherent visitor experience and identifiable and imageable contiguous zone. Other than a few structures such as Mahal Badshahi and Brahma Temple which are ASI structures, the remaining buildings are owned privately, while the streets and public realm are managed by the Pushkar Municipal Board. While the northern part is a highly urban area, the sarovar and the natural hills surround the town on all sides as evident from the topography. The major traffic causing air & noise pollution moves along the parikrama marg and the state highway between which lies the entire town. However, vehicular movement is restricted for the 4 wheelers within the town which prevents major hazards.
8.1.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE HERITAGE AREA 4 Significance
Being one of the oldest towns of India, Pushkar has a wide variety of tangible and intangible heritage, which have shaped and given significance to its identity. In Pushkar, human dignity and cultural significance evens economic vitality. Economically, Pushkar is mostly dependent on its cultural and natural assets explored through tourism and related activities. This area has significant historic and religious assets, along with a thriving intangible heritage. Architectural significance: Varied styles of architecture through different times periods; rajput, mughal, a nd Hindu temples Religious significance: Along with its 52 ghats Pushkar is known as ‘The Town of Temples’. Cultural significance: Traditional practices such as festivals and processions carried out all year long are testimony of the living heritage of the place besides the Pushkar cattle fair Tourism significance: The tangible and intangible assets spread all over the town bring in pilgrims and tourists all over the year thus generating economy for the town.
Location and Accessibility
The area can be accessed from north via Ajmer and from the west from Pisangan. The nearest Railway station lies at Ajmer, 12km from Pushkar. Vehicular access for 4 wheelers is restricted inside the main parikrama (commercial street), although temples such as Brahma temple, Rangji Temple and Varah Temple can be reached via alternate routes.
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Total Livelihoods
Population Ownership of departments, trust, private bodies Existing Physical Infrastructure Water supply Drinking water Sewerage Drainage Electricity Fire fighting Solid Waste Management
Area Covered: 60 acres including the lake Total length of Stretch: 3.17 KM. The area is a high density residential and commercial stretch with old havelis, as well as small and medium businesses. There is activity surrounding the multiple temples in the area as well. Floating population: 3000 to 5000 migrants per day Mahal Badshahi and Brahma temple is owned by ASI. Rest of the temples, havelis and dharamshalas are privately owned.
Water supply – Some drinking water points and hand pumps exist in the area Drinking Water- Public Health and Engineering Department is the responsible agency for water supply in the town. With a total of 13 tube wells within the catchment of Pushkar, 1.05 MLD of water is pumped for domestic, noon-domestic (floating population) and agricultural puposes Sewerage- Sewerage lines exist on the main roads. The narrow galis do not have proper sewerage system. Some toilets and urinals exist which are in a bad state Drainage –Open drains in most part of the heritage area or drains with broken covers Electricity- Electricity from the grid sub station at Merta road is brought to the town through 11kv lines running along the state highway and enters into the town and runs along the Brahma temple. Around 10 transformers have been located at different locations that supply energy to the distribution lines. With maximum crowded and narrow width of the main commercial street, locations of electrical poles and hanging wires along is hazardous to human life as well as the building structures. Only ghat areas have underground wiring. Firefighting – No special provision for firefighting at present. Solid Waste Management –Municipal solid waste is not properly disposed, managed or segregated at source. They are dumped on the streets, footpaths, open spaces drains or water bodies
206
indiscriminately. Disposal points are open lands or broken bins, mostly unattended, resulting in unhygienic conditions in the surroundings. Cleanups are not done at every place regularly. Collection and transportation of waste from the streets are done by a private operator with 70% of coverage.
Social Infrastructure Parks, pedestrian friendly environments Accessibility
Tourism Infrastructure Parking Facility Public convenience Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center Restaurant / Food Court etc.
Parks, pedestrian friendly environments- Most of the inner lanes are only pedestrian. Heavy vehicular movement exists only along the outer periphery lanes and state highway. The footpath have been encroached by the shopkeepers. No parks or open space in this area. Accessibility- The outer roads are accessible by four wheelers while the narrow galis are only accessible on foot or two wheelers Parking Facility –Vehicles park indiscriminately on the streets, which reduce the width of already narrow streets and mostly pedestrian (market) areas. Peak hour parking is of main concern especially in narrow streets. During Pushkar fair tourist influx makes the situation more critical. Public convenience- in the form of urinals and drinking water kiosks Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center – No facilities for tourists, including signage, interpretation, kiosks, ticketing a reas and limited activities. Restaurant / Food Court etc. – Restaurants and cafes exist all along the major commercial street (parikrana marg)
The area has been delineated such that one half of it focuses on the social practices & rituals associated with the holy sarovar along the ghats. The other half forms the town streets through important temples & market places that are representative of cultural & socio economic significance. The proposed area for upgradation covers 15 heritage assets, and stretches to a length of 3.17 kms. One part of the area incorporates the social practices & rituals associated with the holy sarovar and the ghats. The other part continues into the town streets through important temples & market places that are representative of cultural & socio economic significance. This can be developed as a Heritage Walk for tourists.
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Figure 94: Open drains in heritage walk area
Figure 95: Unhygienic condition of existing toilets
Figure 96: Cloth covering over the streets disturbing the elevation of historic facades.
Figure 97: Assessment of Heritage Area
208
The electric wires all along the heritage walk route create obstacle in the visibility of heritage structure, reducing the probability of heritage appreciation. Major Issues: Dangling cables obstruct the view of heritage building facades affecting the architectural character Lack of street lights in some of the lanes along the Heritage Walk stretch •
•
8.1.3 BASE MAP OF THE HERITAGE AREA
Figure 98: Base Map of facilities and infrastructure in the heritage area (Source: CEPT DPR for Pushkar Heritage Walk)
209
8.2 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
• High concentration of tangible and intangible heritage assets • High tourist visitation in these areas • Existing tourist infrastructure such as parking, toilets • Landscaping, street furnitureand uniform signages exist in some places in the area from work that has recently been done
Weaknesses
• Infrastructure issues- drainage- open drains, solid waste management- garbage collected at spots • High density of tourists during fairs • Congested area around Brahma Temple
Opportunities
• High tourism potential • Capitalise on tourism economy from locals and foreigners • Ghats have been rejuvenated recently so opportunity for other areas to improve imageability
Threats
• Old buildings may be in dilapidated condition with a threat of breaking/getting damaged during work • Pollution of the lake caused by garbage disposal • Intense tourist activity, especially during festivals leads to congestion and overcrowding
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8.3 TRENDS AND FORECASTS IN THE HERITAGE AREA 4 8.3.1 TOURISTS PROJECTION Far from being an ordinary tourist town, Pushkar is a pilgrimage centre of national importance. It is also the venue of internationally known cattle fair which is being patronized by Government of Rajasthan on the occasion of Kartik Purnima during the month of November. It attracts pilgrims and tourists all round the year. Floating population of Pushkar is estimated to be 3000 to 5000 migrants per day Number of domestic tourists attending the fair has increased from almost 3 times in recent years. Pushkar has a steady base load of about 100,000 domestic tourists and about 4,000 foreign tourists in a month.
Table 44: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 4 PROPOSED PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN HERITAGE AREA 4 (in Lac) No of Tourists
% Change
S.No.
Year
1
2015
16.8
0.4
17.2
2
2020
20.8
0.48
21.28
19.23
16.67
19.17
3
2025
24.8
0.56
25.36
16.13
14.29
16.09
4
2030
28
0.64
28.64
11.43
12.50
11.45
5
2035
30.8
0.8
31.6
9.09
20.00
9.37
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Projected Tourist Arrivals 70
25.00
60 20.00 50 15.00
40 30
10.00
20 5.00 10 0
0.00 2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
No of Tourists Indian
No of Tourists Foreigner
No of Tourists Total
% Change Indian
% Change Foreigner
% Change Total
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8.3.2 PROJECTION OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE Tourism infrastructure is as follows:
Accommodation Facilities
Tourist Information center/kiosk
No. of hotels = 156 No. of guest houses = 37 Dharamshalas = 36 Resorts = 7 Ashrams = 39 The above accommodation facilities suffice the need of the tourists & pilgrim. But due to high rental villagers coming during Kartik festival & cattle have to occupy open land on the sand dunes which needs to be looked into. No tourism information centre exists right now, however there is the potential for one at Hotel Sarovar (R.T.D.C.).
Transportation services
There are two bus stands, the Marwar Bust Stand and New Bus Stand at different ends of the town. Both have auto rickshaw stands nearby. Facility for hiring of bikes/ 2-wheelers is also available for the tourists.
Tour guides and guided tour packages
None exist right now, but with the development of the heritage walk, guided tours will start for the locals as well as tourists which can be managed by PMB or leased out to private bodies
Souvenir shops
Many souvenir shops are located outside the temples and also along the main parikrama marg. But the same need to be in an organized & dedicated manner as currently there is a lot of encroachment on the streets.
Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks
Small cafes and restaurants are located all along the parikrama marg & also near Brahma Temple which is sufficient for the tourists. Hotels and high class restaurants are also located along the peripheral roads.
Besides the above, the following points have been analysed and projected for the heritage area -
-
Toilets: There are 4 open urinals in the area. They are enough in number but in a bad condition, making the area smell. 2 toilet complex for men & women exist in the area. Though the number is enough, the condition of these needs improvement. Parking: Parking of two wheelers is haphazard and done on the public chowks as of now, in front of shops and houses reducing the road width and causing congestion. There are dedicated four wheeler parking lots provided for the visitors which are not used optimally. The situation needs to be monitored & managed by PMB.
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-
-
Signage: Information and directional signages are located for ghats as well as important temples. The same lack for architecturally significant havelis that need to be identified & restored. Also, few directional & descriptive signages are repetitive and their design need to be uniform for the entire area (for existing ones as well as new proposed). Uniformity of signage system is required. Benches/Seating: No sitting area in the entire zone where tourists/locals can breakout except for the ghats. The only seating is outside the eateries which are used by their customers. The area has potential for open public space but the same are occupied by unorganized parking lots for 2 wheelers.
Urban Environment: The character and environment of the surroundings plays an important role in how tourists as well as locals use and perceive the area. Even though the roads are lined with heritage structures, these have been defaced and have dilapidated over the years. They have not been maintained well and incoherent additions and removals have been made from facades. These need to be conserved and restored in order to bring the heritage character of the area back, and for it to be better received by visitors.
Figure 99: On going demolition of a historic facade with intricate jail work & addition of multi ple floors above the Laxmi Market/ Old Rang ji temple gateway
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8.3.3 PROJECTION OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Projection for Tourist Infrastructure in the heritage area is as follows:
Water Supply
Current water demand is 101 MLD. There are 10 drinking water kiosks located in the area which provide continuous water. These suffice the need but are in a bad condition.
Sewerage and Drainage
Underground sewerage lines exist on most of the main roads except 2-3 narrow lanes which will be taken up by the Municipal Board. There are storm water drains in the entire heritage area but either open or broken and clogged which will need covering, repairing and cleaning.
Roads and Transportation
Roads in the heritage area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch (main roads are tarred and narrow galis have interlocking pavers) and do not need much improvement
Solid Waste Management
Waste is collected several collection points specially outside the temples in the area once a day by the municipal corporation. Garbage is collected at 3-4 other spots which need provision of large dustbins and organised collection of garbage and smaller dustbins along all other roads.
Health
No sufficient health care facilities except for a few clinics.
Hospitality and Tourist Facilities
Refer to 8.3.2
Electricity and wiring
Electricity from the grid substation at Merta road is brought to the town through 11kv lines running along the state highway and enters into the town and runs along the Brahma temple. Around 10 transformers have been located at different locations that supply energy to the distribution lines. These need to be put underground for the main roads in the area. The light poles should be coherent with the heritage character and toolkit provided in the report.
Besides the above, another important characteristic to be noted is the pedestrian infrastructure in the area. It is lacking in the entire area, especially the main roads as there are no footpaths. The demarcated pedestrian area is blocked with parked two wheelers and four wheelers and encroachments by the shopkeepers.
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8.3.4 GAP ANALYSIS As per the analysis of tourism and urban infrastructure, it can be noted that the gaps are as follows:
Tourism Infrastructure
Urban Infrastructure
Accommodation Facilities
No shortage of accommodation facilities in the area. But temporary provisions to be made for rural population during the Pushkar Fair.
Tourist center/kiosk
Lack of tourism information centre which may be developed at Hotal Sarovar (RTDC).
Information
Transportation services
Lack of organised parking and movement for public transport such as rickshaws and autos
Tour guides and guided tour packages
None exist right now, but with the development of the heritage walk, guided tours will start
Souvenir shops
No lack of souvenir shops but the same needs to be in an organized manner along the main parikrama marg
Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks
No shortage of eating joints in the area
Toilets
No shortage of number of urinals and toilet complex, but condition of existing ones is bad. Upgradation of 4 urinals required.
Parking
Designated parking available
Signage and shopfronts
Uniform signage system required duplication of signages to be sorted
Benches
No benches or seating in the entire area along the walkway/ parikrama marg
Urban environment
The area consists of heritage structures both public and privately owned which have been defaced over the years. These need immediate restoration and conservation works to improve the visual quality of the area as well as the condition of these heritage buildings.
Water Supply
&
No shortage of water supply in the area.
215
Sewerage and Drainage
The lanes which do not have sewerage system will be covered under AMRUT taken on by the Municipal Corporation. 80% of the drains are either open or broken, which need to be covered or repaired.
Roads and Transportation
Roads in the heritage area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch (main roads are tarred and narrow galis have interlocking pavers) and do not need much improvement
Solid Waste Management
Lack of large collection bins as well as dustbins in the entire area. Waste must be collected everyday in a timely manner by PMB
Health
shortage of health facilities
Hospitality Facilities
and
Tourist
Electricity and wiring
Pedestrian infrastructure
Refer to tourism infrastructure above
-
Lack of underground wiring in the main roads of the area. Underground wiring has been done for ghat area earlier. - Lack of coherent light polest and wall mounted lights Lack of demarcated footpaths in the heritage area especially the main roads (60%)
8.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION The area has been finalized for redevelopment and a heritage walk proposed for locals and tourists, after various consultations with MCA and PMB officials. Earlier this walk are was also identified in the World Bank-MoUD DPR prepared by CEPT after several consultations. A few significant ghats and temples including Brahma, Gyan Gopal Ji, Old Rangji, Varah ji to be taken as assets. Meetings and visits have been taking place through the course of work, with the MCA & PMB officials in Pushkar to discuss the project progress and take suggestions. Various meetings and field visits by Dronah team to Pushkar led to the finalisation of the identified heritage walk route and the proposals for them, including CMD and CLAMC meetings to discuss in detail the kind of work, the design of the toolkit etc. The draft plan has been reviewed by MoUD as well as presented in CLAMC in Ajmer and feedback has been incorporated in this final report. The MCA and PMB officials have shown positive response and initiative towards HRIDAY scheme for Pushkar. It had been suggested to take up similar works of underground wiring and uniform signage system for the Pushkar Heritage Walk area. Covering of open drains & taking the electrical wires underground will alone improve the imageability of the area as well as lead to infrastructure
216
upgradation. Clearing up the encroachments on major commercial pedestrian streets will lead to decongestion specially during Kartik festival and fair. The recommendations received in the consultations are as follows:
Infrastructure and Facilities
Drains must be covered to improve hygiene as well as flow of storm water.
Local livelihood Enhancement
Livelihood will be enhanced with more organized tourism activities in the form of heritage walk as more tourists come to the area
Image of the area
Image of the area will improve manifold with underground cabling of the area, uniformity of shop signage system
Owners perception
Owners are open and willing to get their buildings restored, and most are in cooperation with the proposed plan. They agree that the overall area will improve with the proposals.
Community participation in development
The locals are ready to participate and support the implementation of the work
Figure 100: Press coverage
217
8.5 PROPOSED PLAN PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The objective of developing this area as a heritage walk in the old city core of the town is to be able to showcase the heritage of the region to tourists coming to the area in a curated, organised manner, while upgrading and developing the area.
NEED OF THE PROPOSAL The proposal is needed to improve the basic infrastructure and services in the area as well as enhance the imageability of this important heritage zone. As Pushkar is one of the significant pilgrim & tourist destination, improving the aesthetics along with infrastructure upgradation of this area becomes important.
CONCEPT AND DESIGN CALCULATION The plan focuses on ways of promoting the conservation of the city’s heritage assets as a driver of its growth and development. The components and activities looked at the area in a holistic manner, linking infrastructure and services provision with heritage conservation.
Commercial areas are expected to become more organized and hazard free, with proper alignment of streets, parking, waste bins, standard signage and the rehabilitation of main heritage properties. Altogether these are expected to increase the overall appreciation and quality of the area under intervention, thus inspiring the rehabilitation of the city as a whole in a way that celebrates and respects its glorious past. The concept for the plan for the demarcated heritage area is about two main components of work. Design calculation is as follows.
Heritage Conservation: Façade restoration- temples and havelis on the stretch Informational and direction signage at significant ghats and temples (15) and havelis (5) Uniform shopfronts- 2 kms stretch Guidelines and toolkit to be implemented in the area •
• •
•
Infrastructure improvement and basic service provision: Street Lighting- 110 Street Furniture such as 50 benches, 60 dustbins Improvement of public facilities such as 2 drinking water points, 4 urinals and 2 toilet complexes Improvement of drains with covers and repair work- 3 kms stretch Underground wiring in 2 kms stretch (except ghat area) •
•
•
• •
The Plan focuses on upgradation of the heritage area in Pushkar while making it more attractive to tourists.
218
MAP WITH PROPOSED FEATURES
Figure 101: Façade upgradation of heritage assets (and private havelis) on the proposed heritage walk
Figure 102: Proposed location of signage (Source: CEPT University DPR)
219
DETAILS OF THE PLAN ACTION PROGRAM A- HERITAGE CONSERVATION It aims at rescuing while valuing Pushkar’s heritage and its relationship with the identity and making of the contemporary city. This would be achieved through heritage conservation proposals i ncluding façade restoration, repairing of chajjas and chatris of old havelis, signage and related activities, with special attention to unlisted properties, which have social and cultural significance for the city.
Façade Restoration Within the heritage area, hoardings and other inadequate signage have covered culturally significant properties, thus, impacting people’s awareness of the importance of the heritage and the city as a whole. To address that, the following is proposed: Structural renovation/restoration o Resurfacing of façades o Restoration of plinths, parapets, Jharokhas and balconies Visual clutter removal o Removal of signage, hoardings and inadequate commercial promotion o Colouring of façades (as original in white as per colour palette) Bringing back the symmetry in architectural style wherever new construction has o come up and is contradicting the architectural style of the surroundings Within the pilot area and along the entire heritage walk, to maintain the symmetry and visual appeal, façade restoration is required.
Signage Signage is visual language to give an identity and character to the existing monuments in any historic core. The main purpose of an Integrated Signage System at Heritage Sites is to facilitate visitorslocal and tourist, pedestrian and vehicular. The Integrated Signage system provides direction for easy access and information about the rules-regulations to be followed, f acilities and amenities within the heritage building premise. The design always aims at clear and simplified understanding of the message authority wants to provide. An Integrated Signage System for Pushkar is proposed to provide information about the city’s heritage while facilitating the mobility and access of residents and visitors within the pilot area and along the heritage walk.
Three types of signage are proposed: o o o
for Brahma Temple and other temples enroute for Ghats for directional information.
Refurbishment of Brahma Temple (sanctioned in PRASAD)
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ACTION PROGRAM B- INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT AND BASIC SERVICE PROVISION Solid Waste Management Installation of waste bins in the entire stretch Storm Water Drainage
Drains in the residential neighbourhood will be covered The existing drains are to be repaired wherever broken
Lighting
Street lights installation in various locations wherever needed. To reduce consumption of power and to make it environmentally sustainable, all the proposed lights will use solar power. Two types are proposed: free standing for street lights and wall hanging in the narrow residential streets. These can be seen in the proposal attached. As a thumb rule, street lighting shall be installed in the following manner on the heritage walk route unless otherwise specified: On stretches that are narrower than 3mts in width, wall mounted lights as per the o toolkit shall be installed at every 15mts distance. On stretches that are wider than 3mts in width, street lamps with design as per o the toolkit shall be installed at every 30mts distance of the route. o Along the ghats as existing
Community and Public Toilets
Restoration/extension of existing toilet On street urinals total rehabilitation
Street Furniture
Installation of benches. There is no street furniture in any of the stretches of the heritage walk. This includes benches and informal resting spaces in the area. All the stretches are proposed to have benches in accordance with the context as proposed later.
Drinking Water Points
As identified earlier, the drinking water points on the heritage walk route shall be upgraded to make them usable and hygienic. They will also be disabled friendly.
Underground wiring
The main roads in the heritage area need underground wiring which will be integrated with the existing underground wiring of the ghats.
221
Figure 103: Images showing improvement in the area after completion of proposed work
222
Figure 104: Images showing improvement in the area after completion of proposed work
223
COST ESTIMATION
4E
Component
Amount (Cr.)
Source of Funding
Conservation and restoration of facades
3.7
HRIDAY
Covering and repair of drains
0.5
HRIDAY
Upgradation of public facilities
0.21
HRIDAY
Street Furniture
1.06
HRIDAY
Street Lighting and underground wiring
2.8
HRIDAY
Refurbishment and development works at Brahma Temple
8.72
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Total Cost for shelf of project for Zone-4
16.99 Cr
N O Z T A H G & E L P M E T A M H A R B
Funding under HRIDAY : Zone -4
8.27 Cr
Commitment through other scheme
8.72 Cr
PROJECT TIMELINE Month-Year
2015
2015
2015-2017
Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY Parallel Components from other schemes
November
December
Jan 2016- March 2017
Project Phasing – Nov 2015 – Mar 2017
224
PROPOSED TOOLKIT Mughal -Rajput style template with white colour palette (Refer Chapter 14)
SHELF OF PROJECT Shelf of Project – Pushkar Heritage Walk and area revitalization including the following:
Conservation and restoration of facades Covering and repair of drains Upgradation of public facilities Street Furniture Street Lighting and underground wiring Refurbishment and development works at Brahma Temple
225
HERITAGE AREA 5: RAILWAY STATION PRECINT HERITAGE ASSETS: EDWARD MEMORIAL, RAILWAY STATION AND GANDHI BHAWAN
8.1. INTRODUCTION TO DELINEATED AREA 5 8.1.1 DELINEATION OF HERITAGE AREA 5 King Edward Memorial is one of the most significant colonial structures in Ajmer. Located close to the Railway Station, it is on one of the main roads in the city, Jaipur Road. It is currently used as a Guest House. The road goes further North towards o ther heritage assets such as Soniji ki Nasiyan and Daulat Bagh, and East towards Jaipur. This area is first used by anyone entering the city by rail. Infrastructurally, it is the backbone for transportation. Hence, work on improvement of this road will enhance the imageability of Ajmer besides improving the functionality for its users.
Figure 105: Edward Memorial
Figure 106: Railway Station
226
Historical Character
Local Livelihood dependency on the assets Social Character
Settlement Pattern
Architecture
Topology Contiguity
Legal and Administrative Boundaries Environmental Character
Edward Memorial is a colonial structure built in the memory of Majesty King Edward VII. It opened in 1912. The area surrounding this building has evolved over time since then. The other end of the road has another colonial structure called Gandhi Bhawan which is a library now The railway station gives employment and livelihood to a large number of small businesses around the area- in tra nsportation as well as tourism sector. This area is highly used by a large mix of people due to the location of the railway station. It has commercial establishments along the road to which are used by people from across the city. Other structures such as Shaheed Smark, Clock Tower Mosque and 3 Makbaras attract a varied mix of users. This area displays a strong urban character with commercial structures along both sides of the road and significant colonial and post colonial buildings all along. The shops along the stretch have extended their area to the footpath of the road followed by two wheeler and four wheeler parking in front. The buildings along the road are 2 storey mixed use buildings, with commercial ground floors and residential use on top. Colonial structures along the main Jaipur road, and other more recent buildings. It is the lowest lying area in the city of Ajmer The influence zone extends around the heritage asset and the railway station providing a coherent visitor experience and identifiable and imageable contiguous zone. The streets and public realm are managed by the Ajmer Municipal Corporation. Edward Memorial Guest House is owned and run by a trust. Railway Station is maintained by the North Western Railways No natural features around this area. The intense commercial activity in the stretch and vehicular movement makes it an area with high noise and air pollution.
8.1.2. ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE AREA 5 Significance
Location and Accessibility
Edward Memorial is one of the most important colonial structures in Ajmer. The Railway Station which is about 500 mts away from it is used by anyone who comes into the city by rail. Jaipur Road is the primary city connector with pre and post colonial heritage buildings along it. It is highly used by locals and tourists. This area is centrally located and easily accessible from the rest of the city through main roads. Connecting the railway station to the main city going north through significant heritage structures. It runs on the east of the walled city area.
227
Total Area Livelihoods
Population Ownership of departments, trust, private bodies Existing Physical Infrastructure Water supply Drinking water Sewerage Drainage Electricity Fire fighting Solid Waste Management
The length of the road is about 500 mts. The area covered is 5.76 acres. Small and medium businesses catering to the needs of the area are located all along the stretch. Large number of ticket counters, transport services providers, food kiosks exist in the area besides shops and restaurants. Residing population in the area is 9126 people Edward Memorial is owned and run by a trust. Other buildings are privately owned. Railway Station comes under Railway Department. Water supply – Continuous water supply to all buildings in the area. There are two overhead tanks in the area, 3 drinking water points and 2 handpumps providing continuous water to the area. Sewerage- Underground sewerage in the entire area. Drainage –Open drains at places, and covered at some places Electricity- 33kV underground wiring in the area, 11kV overhead. Only a small protion of the area has underground wiring. There are lighting poles along the road but some are non-functional at present. Firefighting – No special provision for firefighting at present. Solid Waste Management –Currently there is a single large refuse container and no other systems of management of solid waste, garbage is dumped at places on the stretch
Social Infrastructure Parks, pedestrian friendly environments Accessibility Tourism Infrastructure
Parks, pedestrian friendly environments- Large parts are used by pedestrians but proper footpaths do not exist Accessibility- Walk over bridge outside the railway station for easy crossing of the high speed road
Parking Facility –On street parking all along the stretch. Edward Memorial has its own parking space, and large parking lot in the
228
Parking Facility Public convenience Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center Restaurant / Food Court etc.
Railway Station Public convenience- 1 toilet, 3 urinals and 1 sulabh complex exist in the area. Over 10 ATM’s of all banks on the stretch Availability of Tourist Information Kiosk/Center – No information center but facilities for tourists such as ticket counters, tour providers exist across the station. Restaurant / Food Court etc. – Small eateries and food vendors all along the road
Figure 107: Inconsistent signage and shop fronts. Unorganised parking of two and f our wheelers at the entrance of shops.
229
Figure 108: No delineation of pedestrian and vehicular area. No demarcated parking/stopping area
Figure 109: Bad condition of existing urinals, broken drain covers and footpaths
230
Figure 110: Unorganised informal street vending causes traffic and blocks the pedestrian space
EXISTING STREET SECTION HAS THE FOLLOWING ISSUES • • •
•
•
•
No pavements Varying Right of Way Encroachments by both properties and street vendors Changing vehicular lane widths Pedestrian environment poor Incoherence in public realm and architectural character
231
Figure 111: Images showing existing streets
232
8.1.3 BASE MAP OF HERITAGE AREA 5
Figure 112: Map showing location of heritage area
233
Figure 113: Base Map of Edward Memorial Heritage Area
234
Figure 115: Map with images of the heritage area
235
8.2 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
• Primary road connector for the city of Ajmer • High footfall of users both local as well as outsiders coming from the Railway Station • Main transport node that is the railway station lies on it • Other significant heritage structures of colonial and post colonial era • Long road provides natural surveillance
Weaknesses
• Highly used road throughout the day, sometimes remains congested • Lack of proper infrastructure: solid waste management issues, drainage and sewerage issues • Lack of pedestrian environment for the large numbers of people using it daily • No uniform signage and shopfronts
Opportunities
• To create a well designed public realm for the city • To create a pedestrian friendly environment and promote walking in the city • To provide proper organised space for informal activity • To improve the imageability of the city as it is the first point for anyone entering • Opportunity to create a promenade like streetscape
Threats
• Unorganised street vending/hawkers and encroachment of the road • Pollution in the area caused by the high vehicular traffic • Highly congested during some times of the day
236
8.3 TRENDS AND FORECASTS FOR HERITAGE AREA 5 8.3.1 TOURISTS PROJECTION 95% of the tourists coming to Ajmer will visit this area due to the location of the Railway Station and Jaipur Road being the main connector for the city.
Table 45: Projections of tourists coming to heritage area 5
PROPOSED PROJECTED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN HERITAGE AREA 5 (in Lac) No of Tourists
% Change
S.No.
Year
1
2015
37.8
0.95
38.75
2
2020
49.4
1.14
50.54
23.48
16.67
23.33
3
2025
58.9
1.33
60.23
16.13
14.29
16.09
4
2030
66.5
1.52
68.02
11.43
12.50
11.45
5
2035
73.15
1.9
75.05
9.09
20.00
9.37
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Indian
Foreigner
Total
Projected Tourist Arrivals 90
25.00
80 20.00
70 60
15.00
50 40
10.00
30 20
5.00
10 0
0.00 2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
No of Tourists Indian
No of Tourists Foreigner
No of Tourists Total
% Change Indian
% Change Foreigner
% Change Total
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8.3.2 PROJECTION FOR TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE Projection for tourism infrastructure is as follows:
Accommodation Facilities
Tourist Information center/kiosk
Transportation services
Tour guides and guided tour packages
Souvenir shops Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks
There are 9 small hotels on the stretch catering to the visitors in the area, and small hotels all around the vicinity due to the location of the Railway Station Information kiosk inside the railway station. There are over 20 small ticketing shops for booking bus and train tickets lined along the road. Organised mini bus stand across the station, auto stands on both sides of the road. Parking lot inside Edward Memorial complex, which is proposed to be developed under AMRUT 15 small shops providing tour facilities for tourists coming into the city, which are enough to cater to the number but need to be organised. Small shops selling gift items exist across the Station There are over 6 restaurants and over 30 small food vendors in the area. Projection is to reorganize these vendors with standardised kiosks.
Besides the above, the following points have been analysed and projected for the heritage area -
Toilets: There are 3 urinals in the area and 2 sulabh complex which need to be upgraded Signage: Both information and direction signage are lacking in the area. No proper signage outside Edward Memorial. Benches/Seating: No benches located in the area but due to the fast moving nature of the road these are not required.
8.3.3 PROJECTION FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Projection for Tourist Infrastructure in the heritage area is as follows: Water supply is provided as 140 MLD, once a day to the entire Water Supply area. There is no shortage of water supply in the area. There are 2 overhead tanks in the vicinity catering to the area, 3 drinking water points and 2 hand pumps Underground sewerage in the entire area Sewerage and Drainage Drains only on one side of the road, need both repair and covering. Roads and Transportation Road condition is good Solid Waste Management Waste is collected from 1 main dump in the area but no dustbins along the entire stretch. These will be installed There are no health facilities in the heritage area but the Health surrounding ones will suffice. Hospitality and Tourist Facilities Refer to 8.3.2 Electricity and wiring 11kV overhead wires run in the entire area with light poles at regular intervals. These need to be put underground.
238
8.3.4 GAP ANALYSIS As per the analysis of tourism and urban infrastructure, it can be noted that the gaps are as follows:
Tourism Infrastructure
Accommodation Facilities Tourist Information center/kiosk Transportation services
Tour guides and guided tour packages Souvenir shops Eating joints, restaurants, food kiosks Toilets
Parking
Signage Benches Urban Infrastructure
Water Supply
Sewerage and Drainage Roads and Transportation
Solid Waste Management
Health Hospitality and Tourist Facilities Electricity and wiring
Pedestrian infrastructure
No shortage of accommodation facilities in the vicinity. Tourism shops need to be more organised in the entire area Bus and auto stands are located on the main road causing congestion. These need to be more organised. The tour guide shops will need to be more organised. No shortage of souvenir shops in the area, but they need organisation No shortage of eating joints, but they need uniform fronts No shortage of number of urinals and toilet complex, but upgradation of 2 sulabh complexes and 3 urinals is required. Parking needs to be more organised. New parking lot will be developed to the south of Edward Memorial by Municipal Corporation. Lack of information and direction signage in the area. No requirement of benches in the area No shortage of water supply in the area. Water points need demarcation and upgradation Sewerage is underground in the area Roads in the area are in a good condition, they are paved in the entire stretch and do not need much improvement Lack of dustbins in the entire stretch. Waste must be collected everyday in a timely manner by AMC No shortage of health facilities in the vicinity Refer to tourism infrastructure above Lack of underground wiring which will be taken up under AMRUT. Coherent light poles are being proposed in the plan now Lack of demarcated continuous footpaths along the area which will be developed through this proposal
239
8.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION After various meetings and discussions with city officials it has been decided that Edward Memorial and surrounding areas including Railway Station should be taken as a priority zone in the first phase of the HRIDAY Plan since it is the primary connector to all tourist spots. This draft HRIDAY Plan was further discussed in the CLAMC meetings and area finalised along with proposal components, in accordance with works under various other schemes and with AMC’s future projects. The recommendations received in the consultations are as follows:
Infrastructure and Facilities Local livelihood Enhancement Image of the area Owners perception
Community participation in development
Pedestrian infrastructure is a must on the road as there are no footpaths which can be used Local livelihood will be enhanced as commercial activity gets more organized in the area Image of the entire city will improve as this is the main entry point into Ajmer Owners are happy about better managed traffic and parking in the area. Visitors coming/ going from Railway station have also been interviewed Community has been participating through the plan development through various surveys and interviews on field .
Figure 116: Newspaper article from CLAMC meeting in Ajmer on 8 th September 2015
240
8.5 PROPOSED PLAN PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Improved mobility and imageability for visitor upon entry to Ajmer through the Railway station and enhancing landmarks like Edward Memorial
NEED OF THE PROPOSAL The proposal is needed to make the area more organized and movement more free flowing. As it is a highly congested area in terms of vehicular and pedestrian movement both, coherent organization is required.
CONCEPT AND DESIGN CALCULATION The concept for this heritage area is one of public realm development, proper traffic management along with heritage conservation. Three main components of work proposed:
Public Realm and Infrastructure improvements: Pavements and pedestrian footpaths- along the entire 500 mts stretch Plaza development at Shaheed Smarak- 300 sqm Street furniture & Streetscaping Bollards- at four locations Dustbins- 10 Organisation of street vendors with uniform kiosks- 35 •
•
•
under AMRUT (as per MoUD approval) Storm water drainage and Solid Waste management Electrification of the road- underground wiring and cabling with pedestrian and mast lighting Combined utility duct for services •
•
•
Traffic management: Parking management plan including resident and visitor parking Organisation of informal parking- 5000 sqm NMT (non-motorised transit) / para transit infrastructure Pedestrian crossings with table-tops Parking at Indra Gandhi Smark (under AMRUT)
Heritage Conservation: Façade restoration and palette for buildings- 50 buildings Uniform shopfronts- 30 Guidelines and toolkit for shop-fronts and signages to be implemented Restoration of King Edward Memorial (under PRASAD)
241
MAP WITH PROPOSED FEATURES
Figure 117: Proposed plan of heritage area 5 (Part 1)
242
Figure 118: Proposed plan of heritage area 5 (Part 2)
243
DETAILS OF THE PLAN Action Program A – a. Heritage Conservation: Facades of the buildings along the area, both pre and post colonial will be restored and upgraded to their original form, matching the guidelines for the area. Façade restoration and palette for public and private buildings Guidelines and toolkit for shop-fronts and signage to be implemented Signage- information and directional
b. Restoration of King Edward Memorial (sanctioned in PRASAD) Action Program B – a. Public Realm and Infrastructure improvements: Pavements along with proper street furniture are proposed in the entire stretch to promote easy pedestrian movement and access. •
Pavements and pedestrian footpaths
•
Street furniture- bollards, dustbins
•
Streetscaping- paving/resurfacing and landscaping
•
Organised vendors and uniform kiosks
•
Plaza development at Shaheed Smarak
under AMRUT •
Storm water drainage solid waste management
•
Electrification of the road- underground wiring and cabling with pedestrian and mast lighting
•
Combined utility duct for services
b. Traffic management: Parking plan is proposed for vehicles parked on the side of the roads, traffic management for the vehicles going in and out of Edward Memorial and the railway station.
Parking management including resident and visitor parking Organised informal parking – paving and demarcation of parking spaces NMT (non-motorised transit) infrastructure- pedestrian infrastructure
244
Figure 119: Existing image of the area
Figure 120: Proposed view of the road
245
K E R B S T O N E – defining the splits b/w driveway, pathways & greens & functionality of kerbs •
Conventional Kerb Stone Used at Road Edges
Source: UTTIPEC Guidelines
•
Kerb Stone with FRP Grating on the o pening
TABLE TOP CROSSINGS – Providing raised crossings at Non-Signalizes Junctions
Source: UTTIPEC Guidelines
D R A I N A G E – Effective Management of Surface Run-off
Source: UTTIPEC Guidelines
Figure 121: Sample images of proposed work
246
Figure 122: Sample images of proposed work
247
COST ESTIMATION
5 E N O Z T
Component
Amount (in Rs.)
Source of Funding
Façade restoration- 50 private and public buildings
2
HRIDAY
Signage- 8 and uniform shopfronts- 30
0.05
HRIDAY
Street furniture
0.02
HRIDAY
Uniform Vendor kiosks- 35
0.2
HRIDAY
Street lights- 10
0.07
HRIDAY
Pedestrian footpaths and pavements/resurfacing (500 mts)
0.35
HRIDAY
Paving of parking space- 500 sqm
0.5
HRIDAY
Plaza development (300 sqm)
0.3
HRIDAY
Restoration of King Edward VII Memorial
0.87
Sanctioned in PRASAD
Total Cost for shelf of project for Zone-5
4.37 Cr
C NI C E R P N OI T A T S Y A WL I A R
Funding under HRIDAY : Zone -4
3.5 Cr
Commitment through other scheme
0.87 Cr
PROJECT TIMELINE Month-Year
2015
2015
Item November December DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY Parallel components under other schemes Project Phasing – Nov 2015 – Mar 2017
2015-2017 Jan 2016- March 2017
248
PROPOSED TOOLKIT Colonial style template (Refer Chapter 14)
SHELF OF PROJECT The shelf of project for the heritage area is Railway Station precinct upgradation including the following:
Façade restoration Signage and street furniture Street lighting Uniform vendor kiosks Pedestrian footpaths, streetscaping and organized parking Plaza development Restoration of King Edward Memorial
249
SECTION 9 CREATION OF SHELF OF PROJECTS COMPLETE LIST OF PROJECTS
This section looks at a complete list of projects based on the listing of heritage assets, infrastructure gaps for each area. The list of projects can be implemented by the city in a phased manner as per prioritisation and available funding.
9.1. INTRODUCTION This section reviews the heritage assets and infrastructure gaps identified for the city to finalise a list of projects that can be undertaken by the city in long term including and beyond the 5 prioritised zones for effective implementation of the Civic Infrastructure Development Plan outlined in Section 8.
METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING SHELF OF PROJECTS The Civic Infrastructure Development Plan prioritises 5 Heritage assets that are critical in terms of the cultural identity of the city and plans for infrastructure development of these 5 priority areas. This planning for 5 priority areas is further used as a reference to identify the various tangible projects that can be implemented in each of the prioritised heritage area. Besides this list of 5 prioritised projects, that is aimed to be implemented within the time frame of HRIDAY first phase by March 2017, an additional shelf of projects list is created to address the infrastructure gaps for the remaining heritage assets of the city.
Stage 1
•
Listing and priortisation of tangible and intangible heritage assets as per Chapter 3 and Chapter 7
Stage 2
•
Assessing influence areas and infrastructure gaps as per Chapter 8 to identify project components for each areas
Stage 3
•
Outlining the list of Projects and Project components as per priortised list of assets and the proposed Civic Infrastructure Development Plan as well as additional feasible projects for long term including remaining heritage assets
251
9.2 SHELF OF PROJECTS COMPILED LIST OF PROJECTS LINKED TO THE CITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN - INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT OF NATURAL HERITAGE, BUILT HERITAGE ASSETS AND OPEN SPACES IN AJMER – PUSHKAR As already outlined in the proposed plan under Section 8.5 there are major infrastructure gaps for the 5 prioritised heritage assets in Ajmer-Pushkar. These require immediate intervention in terms of tangible projects to be executed in each area. The projects and project components are listed as below:
S. No
Prioritised Heritage Areas
Civic Infrastructure Development Plan
Project and Project Components
1.
Naya Bazaar Area including Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila), Soni ji Ki Nasiyan and other assets such as Ghee Mandi Road and Karakka Chowk with residential fabric of havelis
Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk a. underground cabling and storm water drainage, road resurfacing b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets
2.
Lakefronts: Anasagar and Foysagar including Daulat Bagh, Subhash Udyan, ghats and the Foysagar edge
Extending visitor experience from Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Soni ji ki Nasiyan to promote Heritage Walk for the influence area including other heritage assets with improvement in underground cabling, parking areas, signage, public toilets, street lighting and street furniture, application of toolkit Lake cleaning and desilting besides lakefront development of untapped areas for improved visitor facilities. Development of recreational zones for tourists and residents around the lake and historic gardens and, to develop facilities such as toilets etc.
(local crafts and music festivals as intangible heritage) 3.
Dargah Bazaar Precinct including Ajmer Dargah Sharif, and other assets (project sanctioned in PRASAD)
I. Lake Improvement and Lakefronts upgradation: a. Desilting and dredging of lakes c. Lakefront areas with seating, paving, dustbins, proper signage, lighting. d. walking/jogging track along lakefront and parking space
II. Culture Park at Subhash Udyan (Exhibitions/ Haat for crafts ) Planning to cater for Pilgrims and Urs with improvement in underground services infrastructure specifically on the approach road to Dargah, pedestrian access, parking areas, signage, organised vendor spaces, public toilets, street lighting and street furniture, application of toolkit for better legibility.
Dargah Bazzar Upgradation (under PRASAD) a. underground cabling and storm water drainage, road resurfacing b. Facade lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, public toilets c. Conservation of facades d. Reorganising TongaParking zones, pedestrian access e. Delhi Gate Plaza paving, benches
252
and S. No
Prioritised Heritage Areas
Civic Infrastructure Development Plan
Project and Project Components
4.
Pushkar Lake Precinct including Parikrama and Ghats and the vicinity of Brahma Temple, its access and environs
Plan proposes to promote Heritage Walk for the influence area around Brahma Temple and Lake including other heritage assets with improvement in underground services infrastructure, parking areas, signage, public toilets, street lighting and street furniture, application of toolkit The plan proposes to create a well designed public realm for the city including pedestrian access, space for informal activity and vehicular movement in this main connector for the city with improvement of surrounding heritage assets
Pushkar Heritage Walk: a. underground wiring and storm water drainage, road resurfacing
5.
Railway Station Precinct including King Edward Memorial, Bibi ka Maqbara, Railway Station, , Nagar Nigam and others.
b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets
Railway Station precinct upgradation: a. Storm water drainage, underground wiring and cabling with pedestrian and mast lighting b. Street furniture & Streetscaping Benches, bollards, dustbins, trees c. Resident and visitor parking d. NMT (non-motorised transit) / para transit infrastructure e. Façade conservation and palette for heritage assets and toolkit for shopfronts and signages
Thus the Primary 5 Heritage Projects that may be undertaken for implementation as per Civic Infrastructure Development Plan for Ajmer- Pushkar are:
1. Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk 2. a. Lakefront development - Anasagar and Foysagar b. Culture Park Project for Subhash Udyan 3. Dargah Area Upgradation Project (under PRASAD) 4. Pushkar Heritage Walk 5. Railway Station precinct upgradation These five projects can be further taken forward for implementation under HRIDAY as outlined in next few chapters. Among the remaining heritage assets, as outlined under section 3.3 following additional projects can be considered in the next phase of HRIDAY 6. Taragarh Fort Access and Ridge Conservation 7. Adhai Din ka Jhopra area upgradation 8. Kishangarh town Heritage Walk
253
Figure 123: SHELF OF PROJECTS 1-5
254
SECTION 10 INVESTMENT PLAN AND SOURCE OF FUNDING PROJECT COSTING, PHASING AND FUNDING
This section looks at the costing, phasing and funding of the list of Projects identified under Section 9 for implementation purpose
10.1. PROJECT COSTING This section looks at overall project costing for the various components identified for the 5/6 primary heritage projects to be implemented under HRIDAY as per identified components. Remaining components are intended to be covered under other schemes as outlined later in Section 10.3.1 and 10.3.2
S. No
PROJECT
PROJECT COMPONENTS UNDER HRIDAY ONLY
PROJECT COST UNDER HRIDAY – PHASE 1 (Rs)
1.
Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk
Rs. 5.47 Crores
2.
(i) Lakefronts upgradation Anasagar and Foysagar
a. Underground wiring, road resurfacing b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets a. Desilting and dredging of lakes, sewage treatment b. Lakefront areas with seating, paving, dustbins, proper signage, lighting. c. Walking/jogging track along lakefront and parking space Haat, exhibition area, jogging track, children’s area, amphitheatre, food aread
Rs. 13.5 Croes
a. Underground wiring, road resurfacing b. Street lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, public toilets c. Conservation of facades d. Parking zones, pedestrian access a. underground wiring, road resurfacing b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets a. Street furniture & Streetscaping - Benches, bollards, dustbins, trees c. Resident and visitor parking d. NMT (non-motorised transit) / para transit infrastructure e. Façade conservation and palette for heritage assets and toolkit for shop-fronts and signage
- (sanctioned in PRASAD)
(ii) Culture Park at Subhash Udyan
3.
Dargah Bazzar Upgradation
4.
Pushkar Heritage Walk
5.
Railway precinct upgradation
Rs. 11 Crores
Rs. 8.3 Crores
Rs. 3.5 crores
Total cost of shelf of projects under HRIDAY is Rs. 41.7 crores
256
10.2 PROJECT PHASING Above 5 projects may be further prioritised and phased in the following manner for implementation based on their significance, level of preparation, past implemented works in the area and ground conditions on site. 1. Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk: The DPR for this project was initially prepared by CEPT under World Bank Project for MoUD and has subsequently been revised by the HCA for implementation, so this project may be immediately taken up for implementation by Sep. 2015. It needs to be ensured that the implementation plan for this project is phased out with parallel works under AMRUT and other schemes as outlines in section 10.3 2. Culture Park at Subhash Udyan: The Concept for Culture Park is well developed by HCA in consultation with CMD and CLAMC. This P roject is also supplementary to the overall project on desilting of lakes and lakefront upgradation of Anasagr and Foysagar. Hence, this project can also be initiated for DPR and tendering purpose by September 2015.
3. Anasagar and Foysagar Lakefront Development, Pushkar Heritage Walk and Railway Station Precinct Development: These three heritage projects can be taken up after the Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk and Culture Park projects. The DPRs for these three heritage projects can be commissioned in the month of Sep 2015 to be completed by Nov/ Dec. 2015 so that works can be tendered by Feb. 2015. 4. Dargah Bazzar Upgradation: It has been sanctioned in PRASAD scheme and will be undertaken according to the timeline of the scheme.
S. No
PROJECT
DPR PREPARATION
TENDERING OF WORKS
1.
Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk (i) Culture Park at Subhash Udyan (ii) Anasagar and Foysagar improvement
Completed in August 2015 by HCA
Nov. 2015
Concept Plan completed by HCA in August 2015
Dec. 2015
DPRs to be completed between Nov 2015 –Dec. 2015
Jan./Feb. 2016
2.
3.
Jaipur Road precinct upgradation:
4.
Pushkar Heritage Walk
5.
Dargah Bazzar Upgradation
To be done under PRASAD
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10.3 SOURCE OF FUNDING 10.3.1 CENTRAL/ STATE GOVERNMENT - HRIDAY (OR PRASAD, SWADESH DARSHAN, AMRUT, SMART CITY, OTHERS ETC.) S. No
PROJECTS
PROJECT COMPONENTS UNDER HRIDAY
PROJECT COMPONENTS UNDER OTHER SCHEMES
1.
Dargah Bazzar Upgradation
-
PRASADDevelopment of public space in heritage area Street furniture, streetscaping and drain repair/covers Uniform shopfronts and signage Heritage Conservation Upgradation of existing electrical infrastructure (500 mts stretch)
2.
Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk
3.
(i) Anasagar and Foysagar upgradation
a. Underground wiring, road resurfacing b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets a. Desilting and dredging of lakes, sewage treatment b. Lakefront areas with seating, paving, dustbins, proper signage, and lighting. c. Walking/jogging track along lakefront and parking space Haat, exhibition area, jogging track, children’s area, amphitheatre, food area
STATE TOURISM AND ARCHAEOLOGY – Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) as Museum plus Café’ and Promotion/conducting of Heritage Walk PRASAD – Restoration and Beautification of Ram Ghat : Anasagar lake Construction of 4 Chattris at Anasagar Lake
(ii) Culture Park Subhash Udyan
4.
Railway Station precinct upgradation:
a. Storm water drainage, Electrification of the road- underground wiring and cabling with pedestrian and mast lighting b. Street furniture & Streetscaping Benches, bollards, dustbins, trees c. Resident and visitor parking d. Façade conservation and palette for heritage assets and toolkit for shopfronts and signage
PRASAD – Restoration of King Edward Memorial
5.
Pushkar Heritage Walk:
a. underground wiring road resurfacing b. Street furniture, lighting, signage, dustbins, benches, c. Conservation of facades d. Parking area, public toilets
PRASAD – Refurbishment and development works at Brahma Temple
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10.3.2 PPP, CSR ETC. Besides funding components through other parallel schemes of the Central Government and the State Government, the Ajmer Municipal Corporation may target additional funding through PPP/ CSR modules for specific components under these 5 Projects as outlined below.
S. No
PROJECTS
FEASIBLE COMPONENTS FOR PPP/CSR ACTIVITIES UNDER EACH PROJECTS
1.
Dargah Bazzar Upgradation
Maintenance of the road through Dargah Committee Outsourcing of Parking area for long term maintenance
2.
Naya Bazzar Heritage Walk
Conservation of facades through PPP Mode Conducting Heritage Walk through local NGOs Paid toilets and outsourcing of parking area for revenue generation and long term maintenance
3.
(i) Anasagar and Foysagar upgradation
Lakefront landscaping to be maintained through PPP/CSR Mode
(ii) Culture Park Subhash Udyan
Cultural Haat at Subhash Udyan to function on revenue and rotational model as outlined by DDA for Delhi Haat. Food shops to be leased out for revenue generation.
4.
Railway Station precinct Upgradation:
Streetscape. landscaping to be maintained through PPP/CSR Mode
5.
Pushkar Heritage Walk:
Conducting Heritage Walk through local NGOs Paid toilets and outsourcing of parking area for revenue generation and long term maintenance
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SECTION 11 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND MONITORING MECHANSIM IMPLEMENTAION AND MONITORING SYSTEMS
This section looks at the means of implementing the DPRs for prioritised areas as well as the list of remaining shelf of projects as well as a monitoring mechanism to check the implemented works at each stage.
11.1. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The implementation plan for the Civic Infrastructure Development Plan focusing on the 5 priortised Heritge areas and projects is linked to the Phasing mentioned in Section 10.2. Project wise implementation of components and timeline is outlined below:
1. Naya Bazaar Heritage Walk
Month-Year Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY
2015 AugustSeptember
2015 OctoberNovember
2015-2016 December 2015- May 2016
2. Lakefronts (i)
Culture Park at Subhash Udyan
Month-Year
2015
2015
2015-2016
Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY
November
December
Jan 2016- August 2016
(ii)
Month-Year
Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY
Anasagar and Foysagar Lakefront Development
2015
2016
2016-2017
NovemberDecember
January
Feb 2016- March 2017
3. Pushkar Heritage Walk 4. Railway Station Precinct Upgradation
Month-Year
Item DPR Tendering Site Works under HRIDAY
2015
2016
2016-2017
NovemberDecember
January
Feb 2016- March 2017
5. Dargah Area Upgradation (sanctioned under PRASAD, to be taken up according to its timeline)
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11.2 MONITORING MECHANISM A rigorous monitoring mechanism is essential at PMU level in AMC with support of the HCA during the implementation of the HRIDAY Projects. Besides monitoring of works during site implementation, it is also essential that a monitoring mechanism is set up in the post implementation phase for Projects. The institutional mechanism for monitoring is as per HRIDAY guidelines shown below in the flowchart. Periodic monitoring reports will be submitted by the HCA to NIUA-MoUD on a monthly basis related to progress of project implementation, milestones achieved and issues faced in each project. Post implementation monitoring mechanism will be framed by mid 2016 when at least one project under implementation is targeting completion. HCA will work out these monitoring mechanisms in dialogue with the ULB officials and engineers who may also require training for monitoring during post implementation phase. Suitable monitoring indicators will have to be devised for each project including specificity of monitoring period.
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SECTION 12 PROMOTION PROGRAM AND MARKETING STRATEGIES PROMOTION AND MARKETING OF HERITAGE ASSETS
This section looks at ways of introducing promotional programs and marketing strategies to ensure long term sustainability and success of various h eritage tourism related projects.
12.1. PROMOTION PROGRAM Ajmer-Pushkar falls in the Merwara Circuit of Rajasthan Tourism as an important destination point. So, the Rajasthan State Tourism Department is actively involved in promoting and showcasing all programs and events scheduled in Ajmer- Pushkar throughout the year. All important heritage assets are listed on the Rajasthan tourism website including details of each site. This off site access to the heritage assets is clearly important and should continue once supplemented with onsite infrastructure implementation for the heritage assets under HRIDAY. Additional facilities such as online ticketing for the sites and online booking for heritage walks needs to be promoted too.
Figure 124: (Source: http://www.rajasthantourism.gov.in/Destinations/AjmerPushkar.aspx ) Pushkar Cattle fair is an important annual event besides the Urs at Ajmer and is widely promoted on the Festival Calendar of Rajasthan. Downloadable tourist maps for Pushkar are also available on the Tourism website. However, under each HRIDAY Projects specific promotion program by MCA and PMB can also be included to ensure long term sustainability of these projects.
12.2 MARKETING STRATEGIES Marketing strategies for HRIDAY projects in Ajmer- Pushkar need to include capitalising on the visitor types and long term stays of the tourists which are currently restricted to day tourist. Additional off site marketing by the Department of Tourism as well as MCA and PMB is essential for this.
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SECTION 13 STRATEGIES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE WORKS
This section covers aspects of operation and maintenance of various projects in the post implementation phase
13.1. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES Since HRIDAY Program will fund 100 percent during the project implementation, no significant capital cost will be incurred by MCA in the initial years until March 2017 . Besides, Rajasthan State Government and other Central level schemes are further supplementing components that enhance the HRIDAY projects for Ajmer-Pushkar. However, AMC clearly needs to engage with advanced operation and maintenance strategies in order to ensure long term sustainability of these projects and heritage assets. Some of the recommendations for O&M are as below: (i) Recovery of Operation and Maintenance Costs: - The User charges should be levied so as to
recover the full cost of operation and maintenance within the next five years. This would involve suitable revision in tariff rates and user charges. Hence, it is recommended to prepare a road map for tariff and user charges revision to rationalise tariffs for possible sectors, upto the levels of making operation and maintenance financially sustainable, and gradually increasing so as to achieve capital investment sustainability. (ii) Public Private Partnership - Evaluating the options of Public Private Partnership, wherever
possible and feasible. This report gives list of projects with indicative opportunities for PPP WHICH NEEDS to be actively explored by the MCA and PMB. (iii) Leveraging Municipal Assets - The MCA AND PMB assets and the money received under HRIDAY
can be leveraged, so as to obtain money from the financial institutions, which in turn can be used as contribution under HRIDAY. (iv) Outsourcing and leasing spaces – Possibility of developing revenue generating models by leasing
and outsourcing the public facilities area associated with heritage assets has been outlined in this report. MCA and PMB should capitalise on these opportunities since Rajasthan Government has already established good revenue models for Heritage such as the Amber Development and Management Authority where 2/3 rd of the monuments fee is flushed back into its maintenance and upkeep.
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SECTION 14 CITY SPECIFIC TOOLKITS CREATION STRATEGIES FOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION, FUTURE DEVELOPMENTOF CONSERVATION AREAS
The City Specific Toolkit will be divided into four categories: area-wide urban guideline toolkit, public streetscape, plaza and open space guideline toolkit, building guideline toolkit and Pa lette Creation
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES This Toolkit of Urban Guidelines for Ajmer (and Pushkar) is developed with the following objectives:
Protect, enhance and maximise the utilisation of the heritage assets of the city that represent its unique cultural, historic, social, religious and aesthetic identity
Facilitate the systematic growth of the city which responds to its complex layers of history while ensuring that its existing stock of heritage is adequately protected
Strengthen local civic pride amongst Ajmer's residents and encourage active participation in the long term process of recovering Ajmer’s threatened resources
Revitalise the city’s built resources and use these assets to bolster the economic activity within the city
Protect and enhance the city’s tourist potential and streamline these activities into the overall agenda for sustainable development of the city
Promote the use of resources for the education, pleasure, and welfare of Ajmer’s residents
Provide a robust and transparent system for residents and other stakeholders to undertake maintenance, conservation, upgradation, addition and alterations for Ajmer’s urban fabric.
Application of the Toolkit
This Toolkit sets out guidelines which will inform the process of developing Detailed Project Reports for the identified Priority Areas within the Heritage Zones. These DPRs will incorporate the guidelines in their implementation strategies so that they may all be streamlined within a unified vision for Ajmer
Furthermore, this toolkit will inform future projects to be undertaken by the local administration for the development/upgradation of the ci ty’s infrastructure, its building stock and for large scale developments within the identified Heritage Zones
This Toolkit will also inform local administration for new developments, additions, alterations, routine maintenance and demolitions which may be undertaken by private stakeholders, religious bodies such as the Devasthan Department or the Dargah Committee, public institutions and so on.
Ajmer-ZONE A: The Walled City of Ajmer and its peripheral areas should be looked at as a Historic Town, since it has clearly defined limits and boundaries. Within the Walled City Area, certain areas are listed as Priority Zones based on increasing levels of significance aligned with identification of issues which need urgent attention. These areas are: 1. Dargah Bazaar Precinct including Ajmer Dargah Sharif, Delhi Gate, Dargah Bazaar street and Chowk 2. Naya Bazaar Area including Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila), B adshahi Haveli, Gol Piyao, Lodha Haveli, Lakshmi Chowk, Lakshmi Chowk Gateway and Naya B azaar street extending beyond the Walled City to Soni ji Ki Nasiyan which is a major religious destination 3. Ghee Mandi Road including Satyanarayan Temple, Ghee Mandi Gate, Chota Ghara Temple and Charbhuja Temple
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4. Karakka Chowk, including Lunia Haveli, Dhado ki Haveli among other significant Havelis forming a precinct of historic residential fabric 5. Diggi Bazaar Road with Diggi Chowk and Diggi Haveli and Talab 6. Adhai Din ka Jhompra Precinct including Adhai Din ka Jhompra, Tripolia Gate, Kela Baoli, Bada Baoli on Andar Kot Road
The overall Area Guidelines will apply to the Walled City and its Peripheries as a whole. Ajmer-ZONE B Water Fronts in Ajmer 7. Anasagar Lake Precinct including the Anasagar, Daulat Bagh and Subhash Udyan, Baradari, Saheli Bazaar, Chaupatti, Anasagar Ghat, Luv Kush Garden, Bajrang Garh 8. Foysagar Lake Precinct including gardens, promenade along with the lake itself
Ajmer-ZONE C Colonial Expansions in Ajmer 9. Jaipur Road Precinct including King Edward Memorial, Bibi ka Maqbara, Abdulla Khan ka Maqbara, Railway Station, Victoria Jubilee Clock tower, GPO Building, Nagar Nigam, Hathi Bhatta, Saint Cathedral Church leading upto Soni ji Ki Nasiyan 10. Colonial Axis including Dayanand Market Circle, St. Mary’s Church, Covenant English Church, leading up to Mayo College, Ajmer
Pushkar- ZONE D In Pushkar, the scope identified within the HRIDAY Plan is to look only at certain areas within the city, which have been identified as Priority Zones. These are 11. Pushkar Lake Precinct including Parikrama and Ghats 12. Brahma Temple and its access and environs The approach towards specific Zones will be tailored to differences in the following, where applicable: 1. Typologies and average age of heritage assets 2. Potential for re-development and new developments 3. Availability of infrastructure
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14.1 AREA WIDE URBAN GUIDELINES These Urban Guidelines will support the Existing B ye Laws applicable in the cities of Ajmer and Pushkar and be used to drive the structuring of future DPRs under the HRIDAY scheme.
BUFFER/SETBACK/NO CONSTRUCTION ZONES FROM HERITAGE STRUCTURE FOR ASI STRUCTURES, STATE PROTECTED MONUMENTS Buffer zones, no –construction zones are specified under the Statutory Frameworks for ASI Protected Monuments as per AMASRA). No specific buffer exists for State Protected Monuments as per State Archaeology Act hence it has been referred in heritage assets as below.
FOR LISTED HERITAGE ASSETS For un-protected heritage assets, the following guidelines will apply:
ZONE
Guideline
Zone A, Ajmer
No new buildings to be constructed around Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and in
Walled City
Dargah Bazaar, Naya Bazaar, Nala Bazaar, Purani Mandi Road, Delhi Gate Road,
and its
Diggi Bazaar, Anderkot Road, Khazaana Gali, Chudi Bazaar, Karakka Chowk. Pir
Peripheries
Mithaa Gali, Nehar Mohulla Gali. Facilities may be permissible as per designs prescribed in Toolkit. Only buildings that are completely dilapidated and subject to risk may be reconstructed/repaired as per approval of MCA which should form a Heritage Committee and Heritage Cell for repairs/ conservation/ reconstruction of listed structures in specific cases.
Zone B, Ajmer
Daulat Bagh and Baradari are the primary built heritage assets also under
Water-fronts
statutory protection of ASI and the act applies.
in Ajmer
From the lake-front, a clear no construction zone exists only in some areas, but delineation of the edge of the lakes is necessary as well as a buffer zone (currently under progress) at least 500 m beyond the lake edge.
Zone C, Ajmer
Buildings may be constructed adjacent to existing listed heritage assets if they
Colonial
comply with building guidelines of MCA and ADA. Approval of proposed Heritage
Expansion
Committee of MCA will be required.
Zone D,
No new construction may be permitted Without approval of building design and
Pushkar
documentation of surrounding buildings and facing building. PMB should also form a Heritage Committee or associate with MCA Heritage Committee for due approvals of any changes/ conservation/ reconstruction of listed structures.
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HERITAGE STRUCTURES FOR ASI STRUCTURES, STATE PROTECTED MONUMENTS For ASI structures and State Protected Monuments, conservation of sites and buildings will be administered by the Statutory Body in charge under the existing acts.
FOR LISTED HERITAGE ASSETS Facades Zone A Ajmer Walled City and Peripheries a nd Pushkar
Figure 125: Zone C Colonial Expansion
General Guidelines
Historic facades of listed buildings should be retained as far as possible Where damages due to human intervention and weathering have o ccurred, restoration work should be undertaken to return the façade to its original condition Colours, materials and textures should be compatible with original. Where evidence is available, the façade should be returned to its original condition. Where evidence is not available, the Palette should be used to guide the façade upgradation
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Structural changes that are irreversible may be retained, though no further changes to historic structure are permissible
Projections and Architectural Elements Figure 126: Zone A Ajmer Walled City and Peripheries and Zone D Pushkar
Wherever possible, balconies which have been enclosed should be o pened up to create cohesive facade.
Architectural Elements such as Jharokhas and Chattris form an integral part of the eighteenth century layer of the historic urban fabric of the precinct. These elements should be preserved wherever possible, especially in the surviving temples and havelis.
In case the elements have suffered extensive physical damage and are beyond repair, they should be reconstructed only if sufficient documentary or physical evidence is available.
Inappropriate transformations to these elements such as blocking of jaalis and openings should be reversed wherever possible and the elements should be restored to their original appearance, using appropriate materials and construction methods
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Not Recommended Applicable for all Zones
No removal or radically changing features and building elements which are important in defining the overall historic character and establishing the building style
No replacement or rebuilding a major portion of exterior masonry walls or other structural support systems that could be repaired so that, as a result, the building is no longer historic and is essentially a new construction.
Applying incompatible plasters, paint or other surface coatings to masonry that has been historically unpainted or uncoated to create a new appearance. Removing original layers of paint from historically painted masonry.
Heights of existing buildings built before 1950 shall be retained as is and no change may be made in the overall existing building profile without permission of the Competent Authority/ Heritage Committee of MCA.
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CONSERVATION OF VISUAL ACCESS FOR HERITAGE STRUCTURES AND CREATION OF VISTA
Figure 127: Elevation Lakshmi Chowk before and after
Removal of visual clutter, including hoardings, loose wires which may block the visual access of important chowks, plazas and streets
Standardisation of shop fronts in commercial streets in Zone A and Zone C and Zone D Pushkar to maintain visual continuity
Enhancing existing entry points to important heritage Zones should also be prioritised such as the Gateways and Entries to the Ghats in Zone D Pushkar
Removal of visual clutter in the form of foot-over bridges, unauthorised shops and creating a unified public realm, specifically in Zone C, Ajmer
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ADAPTIVE RE-USE OF HERITAGE ASSETS Adaptive Re-use of Listed Heritage Assets which are not Protected Demolition Policy in all identified Zones
Figure 128: Adaptive Reuse
Demolition of identified Heritage Assets/ listed buildings in the City HRIDAY Plan is not permitted unless building has been declared Unsafe for Habitation.
Demolition of existing structures not explicitly listed as Heritage Assets, but which fall within Heritage Areas may be undertaken after due permission of MCA and after clear proposal of the future use and built mass of property is identified.
Demolition of structures which abut Protected Monuments or historically significant structures must be undertaken by specialised agencies so as to minimise impact on existing heritage buildings as per existing acts for protection.
SCREENING OF ROOFTOP MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
Rooftop material such as Mechanical equipment/ water tanks etc. on top of listed buildings/ protected structures should be appropriately located to avoid any visual access from the street or public views. If visible, they need to be appropriately camouflaged with a designed wall/ jaali etc. that blends in colour and patterns with the existing structure.
PARKING FACILITIES Parking areas which are open/semi open near listed/ protected heritage structures should be designed with materials that blend with the heritage structures. For Zone A and D, Paving materials such as cobblestones are preferable while for Zone B and C (unless close to a protected structure), newer material like interlocking pavers may be used. Care should be taken to integrate soft paving/ interspersed grass in paving patterns and trees for shading to be incorporated in the design. Semi covered shades if used should blend with the historic character of the place,
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14.2 PUBLIC STREETSCAPES The design of public Right of Way (RoW) must keep in mind the prioritisation of pedestrians over vehicular movement. A number of design guidelines shall be employed to make the public realm accessible, conflict-free and comfortable for all modes of transport. The public streetscape guideline toolkit will contain (but not limiting to) the following:
CREATION OF PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT The first step towards the creation of good quality public streetscapes, is strategically planning the zones in any RoW. The existing RoWs in Ajmer-Pushkar are diverse and have different issues regarding width, pedestrian facilities, lighting, drainage, surface, universal access, etc.:
FIGURE 129:WALLED AREA - AJMER
FIGURE 131: PUBLIC / PEDESTRIAN ACCESS PROMENADES – AJMER LAKEFRONTS
FIGURE 130: JAIPUR ROAD (MAJOR ARTERIAL) -
FIGURE 131: PUSHKAR – TRADITIONAL STREET
Streetscapes in the walled area Zone A Ajmer and Zone D Pushkar need to be designed as shared spaces for vehicular and pedestrian movement with a critical focus on storm water drainage and pedestrian scaled lighting, due to the narrow streets
Lakefront promenades need to be designed for leisurely pedestrian activity, with consistent street furniture, pedestrian scaled lighting and sufficient resting spaces
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On major roads such as Jaipur road, Ajmer, a clearer distribution of the road space needs to be done with dedicated zones for various functions.
A number of best practices regarding pedestrian friendly environments have been produced by leading agencies / organisations looking into sustainable mobility and streetscape design. While the Indian Road Congress had originally recommended the definitive guidelines for pedestrian facilities in 1989 (IRC : 103-1988), these have been tested and modified to better reflect contemporary best practice in the IRC Guidelines, 2012. According to ITDP (Institute for Transportation and Development Policy), 2013, the pedestrian facilities must be well defined and strategized before implementation. It consists of the following zones:
1
2
3
1. Frontage zone: The frontage zone can vary from a minimum width of 0.5 m along a compound wall to 1.0 m in commercial zones (IRC:103-2012, 6.1.5.3). 2. Pedestrian zone. The pedestrian zone provides continuous clear space for walking. The clear width must be at least 1.8 m in order to accommodate two wheelchair users at the same time (IRC:103-2012, 6.1.3) and must be entirely free of obstructions (IRC:103-2012, 6.1.10.2). 3. Furniture zone. Manholes, trees, benches, utility boxes and other potential obstructions should be placed outside the path of travel along a continuous line (IRC:103-2012, 6.1.10.2, 6.11.4). Furthermore, the planning of each street depends on its intensity and type of activity. Pavement widths, accommodation for ancillary activities and street furniture will vary depending upon the type of street as shown below:
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However, these are subject to modification based o n available space and requirement / demand for ancillary activities, etc. In general, the minimum width for a pedestrian pavement is 1.8m .
REINFORCEMENT OF PEDESTRIAN ACTIVITIES Pedestrian activities can be planned for in many ways along streets including, street vending, rest spaces, seating, tree shade, etc. Street vending provides essential goods and services to a wide range of population groups and help maintain good level of pedestrian activity on the street. It also makes public space safer by contributing “eyes on the street,” particularly on streets lined with compound walls. If designed properly, vending c an be accommodated in the streetscape without interfering with other uses. The furniture zone of the footpath or a bulb-out in the parking lane are ideal
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locations for vending (IRC:103-2012, 6.11.2). The material used for the vending area should facilitate good drainage. (IRC:103-2012, 6.11.3).
In addition, provision of regular street furniture, tree shade, facilities such as toilets and water kiosks will improve conditions for pedestrians.
ENHANCEMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSIT STOPS Public transit, however lacking in Ajmer consists mainly of City buses and shared auto-rickshaws as para transit. However, the stops and lay-bys planned for these are haphazard and do not take into account the proper planning needed for pedestrian pavements, street vending and furniture. The inappropriate positioning of bus stops often results in commuters standing in the street while waiting for the bus. To avoid such a situation, bus stops should be placed adjacent to the bus’ linear line of travel so that the bus does not need to pull over to the left.
The position of the bus stop should always leave clear space for walking behind the shelter Bays for Auto stands need to be well integrated in the space provided for on-street parallel parking
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BARRIER FREE MOVEMENT A major part of designing universally accessible streets is the careful planning and design of a number of elements listed below. According to the UTTIPEC Street Design Guidelines (2011):
Kerbs o
o o o
o o
Maximum height of a pavement (including kerb, walking surface, top-of-paving) shall not exceed 150 MM (6”). 100 mm (4”) kerb height is preferable for Arterial Roads. All walking surfaces should be very rough/ matt finish/ anti-skid. Medians should be maximum 150mm high or be replaced by crash barriers. In case the carriageway finished level is expected to rise during future re-carpeting, reduction in footpath level to 100 mm or less is acceptable. But under no circumstances is the height of footpath to exceed 150 mm. Finished top level and kerb height for all bus stops to be 150 mm. Only along Segregated Busways/ BRT corridors, the kerb height of the Bus Stop could match the height of the bus floor.
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At junctions, pedestrian crossings and entrances special design solutions must be adopted such as kerb ramps, table-tops and raised crossings. The exemplar standards for the three are given below:
a) Kerb Ramps
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b)
“Table-top” crossings
c) Raised crossings for continuous pavements along entrances to buildings & properties
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PROVISION FOR PLAZAS, ITS FUNCTION, SIZE AND ACTIVITIES An important factor in creating pedestrian friendly public realm is the appropriate treatment of existing public spaces adjacent to the RoWs and provision of new plazas and squares at important nodes and along active streets.
Chowks within the walled area are ideal places for development as public spaces of different sizes and levels of enclosure. Such spaces should also include plenty of tree shade, resting space, seating and should accommodate utility equipment such as transformers as well.
Figure 132: SOURCE: CEPT – Naya Bazaar Heritage Walk Proposal
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PROVISION FOR PEDESTRIAN SCALED LIGHTING Creation of a convivial pedestrian environment is also dependent upon the scale of t he pedestrian and design of street elements suited to that scale. This includes pedestrian lighting; both wallmounted and free-standing.
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Stylised version of brackets has been used, which proportionately responds to both Mughal-Rajput styles as well as Colonial and Art Deco styles so that consistency can be maintained throughout the city. Similarly, other street signage, directional, interpretation, etc. has been designed keeping in mind the pedestrian scale.
PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY MATERIALS AT STREET LEVEL The walled area has been specifically designed for pedestrian friendly surfaces due to the narrow streets with options for paving. In addition, the design of storm water drainage and grating patterns has been done. Further detail includes the elements for universal access, such as, tact ile paving, accessible signage, etc. Figure 136: Options of sandstone and cobbles paving.
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PROVISION FOR KIOSKS A number of kiosk designs have been prepared for utilisation i n streetscapes, public plazas and recreational areas.
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Figure 133: Water Kiosk Design
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PROVISION FOR SITTING AREA / BENCHES
Figure 134: Dustbins
Figure 135: Interpretation Panels
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14.3 BUILDING GUIDELINES
New building within the identified Heritage Zones should be designed with the follo wing objectives New buildings should preserve and reinforce the visual and physical integrity of the Heritage Zones New buildings should respect and enhance t he overall cohesiveness of the Heritage Zone New buildings should as far as possible maintain the visual compatibility between historic buildings by careful attention to the following design principles of building as per existing MCA and PMB byelaws, If byelaws do not include details, this Toolkit may be referred for: A. Setback and FAR B. Orientation C. Scale and Proportion D. Rhythm of openings such as doors, windows and ventilators E. Massing and distribution of volumes F. Height G. Materials and Colour 1. J. Details and Ornamentation
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BUILDING HEIGHT
Road Width
Recommended Building Height
Recommended number of floors
9-12 m
Upto 16 m
Upto G+4 except for buildings which have been identified as assets
6-9 m
Upto 16 m
Upto G+4 except for buildings which have been identified as assets
4-6 m
Upto 10 m
Upto G+3 except for buildings which have been identified as assets
<4 m
Upto 10 m
Upto G+3 except for buildings which have been identified as assets
Table 46: Proposed building heights
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BUILDING SETBACK AJMER ZONE A – WALLED CITY AND PERIPHERIES AND ZONE D - PUSHKAR
Within the Walled City, buildings have been designed opening directly onto the street. There are no setbacks from the main RoW, though in the case of some chowks and junctions, buildings may follow a loose setback from the street. Keeping this system of a strong built edge to the streets in Walled City in mind, the set back restrictions for new buildings will be as follows:
All the new constructions/ reconstructions will abut the main street on which the entrance of the building is located.
Corner buildings will have both the sides of the buildings facing the main street directly abutting the main street.
In case of streets where the RoW is inconsistent, due to older buildings designed with grand entrances onto the street, the existing building edges will be considered
AJMER ZONE B-WATER-FRONTS IN AJMER
Minimum 500 m from the lakefront for any new construction (except for services/ facilities structure in temporary material). Other built structures in plots to follow existing MCA/ADA byelaws.
AJMER ZONE C- COLONIAL EXPANSIONS
Built structures in plots to follow existing MCA/ADA byelaws. All listed colonial structures to retain the original setbacks with no new construction within the setbacks. Design of any temporary structures to blend with the colonial style and to be approved by MCA/ADA Heritage Committee before implementation
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TYPE AND SIZE OF DOORS AND WINDOWS, AND FRAMING AJMER ZONE A – WALLED CITY AND PERIPHERIES AND PUSHKAR
New buildings should also have openings that are similar in the size, shape and uniformity in opening spaces in the adjacent buildings.
These need not necessarily follow any particular arch style but shall either be arched form or rectangular ones and shall conform to the proportions of the existing buildings in the historic structures.
The ratio of width to height of doors in a new building shall be in similar to the surrounding heritage building to maintain the uniformity of the facade.
Special attention is to be paid to Entrances and Gateways which should conform to a prevailing style in terms of size and proportion of opening as far as possible
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The window openings of any new structure should follow the architectural pattern and rhythm of the openings in the façade of its adjoining buildings if t hese are identified Heritage Assets or if these buildings pre-date 1950.
The ratio of width to height of windows in a new building and the rhythm of solid to void ratio should be compatible with the surrounding Heritage Assets.
Ventilators above windows may be provided if they conform to the existing architectural vocabulary of the street. Ventilators for toilets, kitchens etc. should be designed so that they do not visually impact the overall continuity of the facades of the street.
Jaalis and grilles should reference existing architectural vocabulary of the specific street upon which the building will be situated. They should respond to the opening size, thickness, repetition and geometry of the existing elements prevailing in the surroundings.
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BALCONY LINES, ROOF LINES ETC.
The roof or parapet terminates the building and contributes to the visual continuity of the Street or area In a street of contiguous buildings with parapet walls, a new building should have a compatibility designed parapet. The height of individual elements such as the plinth, chajjas, parapet and main roof of a new building shall be compatible, by not contrasting greatly, with those of surrounding historic buildings
Balconies should not extend beyond the existing line of projections identified within each street.
Chajjas and jharokhas may be designed as part of proposed buildings
294
ANY SPECIAL ELEVATION FEATURES
Some buildings contain elaborate details and ornamentation while others are relatively modest in terms of their facades. A contemporary interpretation of historic details and ornamentation can be a good way to differentiate a new building from a historic building.
A new building should consider the amount, location and elaborateness of details and ornamentation on existing neighbouring buildings in its design.
Existing details and ornamentation may be used as the basis for those on a new building but they should not be copied exactly
EXTERNAL FINISHES OF THE BUILDINGS
The materials and colours of the new buildings shall be visually compatible with the surrounding historic buildings. The colour and materials palette will be used as a reference point – essentially white colour wash for a ll Zones except where original colour/stone exists.
295
Any independent new structure, not abutting a historic structure can be built in new materials but it shall conform to the historic structures in finishes, texture and colour.
Stylistic innovations shall be allowed as long as they conform to traditional proportions and as per the approval.
New construction in traditional techniques will be preferable and encouraged as they will match with the historical context and will also encourage local craftsmanship.
SIGNBOARDS ETC.
296
Signage for the Walled city has been developed to complement the existing vocabulary of the stretch. Elements, patterns have been picked up fro m the buildings and structures that exist. The proportions have been maintained and signage are placed appropriately and sympathetically so as to merge with the historic buildings and provide them an additional aesthetic as well as interpretive value. The signage of individual shops needs to be consistent in the streetscape. Signs should not vary in size, colour, placement and language. All hoardings and signage which destroy and damage the architectural character of the building should be removed.
297
14.4. PALETTE CREATION FOR VARIOUS COMPONENTS PROGRESSION OF STYLES AND INFLUENCES AS SEEN IN BUILT FORM
Most buildings exhibit an amalgamation of two or more of the identified styles, depending on their period of construction, ownership or patronage, usage and location within the city. For instance- the Patwon ki Haveli exhibits Mughal-Rajput and Colonial influences. Mayo College described as IndoSaracenic also displays an amalgamation or composite of Mughal-Rajput-Colonial influences. Most houses on Dargah Bazaar built in the 20 th century show a mixture of colonial and Art Deco stylistic influences superimposed on existing Mughal-Rajput styles. Table 47: Styles and influences in the region
Rajput (First Layer in Ajmer’s built fabric predominantly seen in buildings before the sixteenth century)
Mughal (Second Layer in Ajmer’s built Fabricpredominantly seen in buildings from the
Locatio ns in Ajmer
Walled city area, particularly near the Dargah Bazaar, the Diggi Bazaar, Taragarh Fort
Walled city area, near the Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila), Anasagar Lake Front
Stretch from Edward Memorial towards Railway Station, Mayo College and surrounding neighbourhoods , Dargah Bazaar and Naya Bazaar
Infill developments within the walled city, Naya Bazaar and Dargah Bazaar,
Exempl ary Buildin gs
Taragarh, Charbhuja Temple
Baradari on Anasagar, Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) and Lodha Haveli
Mayo College, Edward Memorial, Clock Tower
Dargah Bazaar Residences, Post Office
Materi als Used
Sandstone, lime plaster
Sandstone, Marble and Lime Plaster
Sandstone, Wrought iron, cast iron, Lime Plaster
Cement plaster, Wrought iron and Cast iron, steel
th
th
16 - 20 centuries)
Colonial (Third Layer in Ajmer’s built fabricpredominantly seen in buildings from the th
th
19 -20 centuries)
Art Deco/ Art Nouveau (Fourth and most recent historic layer seen in buildings from the mid-20 century)
th
298
Rajput
Mughal
Colonial
Art Deco/ Art Nouveau
KEY STYLISTIC INFLUENCES IN AJMER – COLUMNS AND PIERS
299
KEY STYLISTIC INFLUENCES IN AJMER- ARCHES AND OPENINGS
KEY STYLISTIC INFLUENCES IN AJMER – PARAPETS AND RAILINGS
300
DEVELOPING DESIGN VOCABULARIES FOR STREET FURNITURE IN DELINEATED PRIORITY ZONES
Developing overall structure and functional components of element
Relating Priority Zone with Predominant Existing Vocabularies Contemporising Existing Vocabularies
Design Development
APPLICATION OF DESIGN VOCABULARIES Primarily two sets of vocabularies emerge from this analysis: Mughal-Rajput and Colonial each vocabulary will respond to other identified areas to maintain consistency and proportions
Priority Zone 1: Akbari Qila (Ajmeri Kila) to Soni ji ki Nasiyan
Multiple architectural vocabularies seen in this area. The focus of this Zone is on the Mughal and Rajput Structures.
Thus, the application of MughalRajput vocabularies will be prioritised
Priority Zone 2 : Anasagar Lake and Foysagar Lake
Anasagar Lake has a strong Mughal Lake Front in the form of Daulat Bagh, while Foysagar is a Colonial period Lake,with very little built edge. Thus, the application of MughalColonial vocabularies will be prioritised
Priority Zone 3: Ajmer Dargah Sharif and Surroundings The Dargah Sharif shows multiple interventions by the Mughals, though the Bazaar leading upto the Dargah existing together, including Art Deco and Colonial Buildings .
Thus, Mughal vocabularies will be prioritised
Priority Zone 4: Brahma Temple and Lakefront, Pushkar
Predominant vocabularies in this area are
RajputMughal buildings, though later interventions can also be seen. Thus, RajputMughal vocabularies will be prioritised
Priority Zone 5: Edward Memorial to Railway Station
Predominant built fabric in this area belongs to the Colonial period, though many of the structures are contemporary .
Thus, Colonial vocabulary will be prioritised
301
COLOURS TO BE USED ON EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE BUILDINGS, BOUNDARIES, RETAINING WALLS ETC. Applicable for Ajmer Zone A, B and C. For Pushkar, historically buildings have been predominantly white in colour with respect to facades Facades
Fenestrations White lime plaster/ Marble. Predominant colour used historically
Polished and painted timber has been used traditionally for doors, windows
Dhaulpur Red sandstone/ Red surkhi lime plaster, used primarily during the Mughal Phase of Development in conjunction with Marble
Khamira yellow lime wash has been used for accentuating details in buildings
Dhaulpur Beige/ Yellow, used in both Mughal as well as Colonial phases of development, when locally available sandstone was employed for facades
Edges and timber work have both been painted/clad using Dhaulpur red sandstone or Red surkhi pigment
Khamira Yellow. Many residential buildings, temples and havelis have been washed using the Khamira yellow lime wash
Many Art Deco period buildings have employed colours like blue/green/white/yell ow for their fenestrations
302
PAVING AND OTHER FINISHING MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR LANDSCAPING Benches and Seating
Light Poles and Fixtures, Bollards
Dustbins
SignageDirectional, Interpretation, Identification, Hoardings
Kiosks, Toilets
Dhaulpur Red sandstone
Mild Steel +/Wrought Iron
Mild Steel +/Wrought Iron frame
Mild Steel +/Wrought Iron
Dhaulpur Red sandstone
Mild Steel+/Wrought Iron
Mild Steel+/Wrought Iron
Mild Steel+/Wrought Iron
White
Painted Mild steel plate
Painted, polished timber
Mild Steel +/Wrought Iron
Mild Steel+/Wrought Iron frame
303
PLANTS AND SHRUBS Ajmer –Pushkar fall in a unique climatic zone with primarily 4 types of landform: Hilly upland, midland on foothills, undulating long continuous slope and low flood plains. Following is the reference list for use of local trees and shrubs that should be retained in this region to ensure ecological balance in its biodiversity.
Figure 136: (Source: Journal of Environmental Research And Development Vol. 5 No. 1, July-September 2010, IMPACTS OF PROPOSED NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY TRACK (AJMER TO PUSHKAR) ON FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE REGION Praveen Mathur, Yati Kachhawa*, Kriti Sharma and Sangeeta Patan. Department of Environmental Studies, M.D.S University Ajmer, (INDIA) )
304
INFORMATION PANEL, WAY-FINDING BOARDS (SIGNAGE) Common Structural Elements: Posts, Bracket and Signage panel
Varying Stylistic Elements:
Mughal Rajput Option A- Stone Jaali
Mughal Rajput Option B-Stone Arch
Colonial Option C-Mild Steel Semicircular Arch
305
Common Structural Elements: Posts, Bracket and Signage panel Common Stylistic Elements: Stylised and Simplified version of brackets has been used, which proportionately responds to both Mughal-Rajput styles as well as Colonial and Art Deco styles so that consistency can be maintained throughout the city
306
LIGHT-POSTS AND PEDESTRIAN SCALED LIGHTING Common Structural Elements: Posts, Bracket and Light Fixture Common Stylistic Elements: Stylised version of brackets has been used, which proportionately responds to both Mughal-Rajput styles as well as Colonial and Art Deco styles so that consistency can be maintained throughout the city
307
COMBINED LIGHTING WITH SIGNAGE DESIGN
308
DUSTBINS Common Structural Elements: Posts, Frame and Bin (The posts and frame may be executed in Sandstone or Mild Steel as/style selection)
Varying Stylistic Elements:
Mughal Rajput Option B-Stone Arch
Mughal Rajput Option A- Stone Jaali
Colonial Option C-Mild Steel Semi-circular Arch
309
BOLLARDS Common Structural Elements: Post and capital
Varying Stylistic Elements:
Mughal Rajput Option A- Stone Bollard with pointed capital
Colonial
Option B- Stone or Mild Steel Bollard with simple curved capital
310
BENCH DESIGN Common Structural Elements: Back-rests, framed seating
Varying Stylistic Elements: Mughal Rajput
Option A- Stone bench, pan-patta details and Mughal patterns Colonial
Option B-Mild Steel bench
311
BOUNDARY WALLS/ RETAINING WALLS AND PARAPETS Common Stylistic Elements: The simple Pan patta motif has been used to accentuate retaining walls for the lake fronts and may also be used for any other boundary wall within the city since it is a wide -spread motif used in historic as well as contemporary structures
312
DESIGN FOR KIOSKS AND TOILETS
Common Stylistic Elements: Stylised version of brackets has been used, which proportionately responds to both Mughal-Rajput styles as well as Colonial and Art Deco styles so that consistency can be maintained throughout the city. The materials and profiles of the brackets may also be changed based on location
313
DESIGN FOR PAVING AND GRATINGS
314
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