Chinese made easy (1904).pdf

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come

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to a)

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c 162

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c 71 c 219

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—

C

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c 241 R Rent c 231 L C c 76 C c 203 (to pay) c 76 I, „

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67

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C

M C

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173

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1 1

Remember

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L— 30S

6th Stanza

X—

312 XXI Regret P ss 293 XI Regularly C 212 Regulate c 219 R Regulation 280 VIII Regulators (seven) C c 46 R Rejoice 298 XII Relations C 43 L

Regard 289

„

—

(the

M

five

in

life)

45 R Relationship 105 15 Relatives 289 301 XIII Relinquish 293 XI Relish 280 VIII

X—

—c

—C

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— 305

Price C 51 L 305 XIV Prick 128 130 Priest C 150 R Priestess C 150 R Prince 106 oi 119 101—276

341

L—

278 VII lunch hall C 157 Quicker C 199 R Quickest C 199 R Quickly C 39 R Quiet 308 XVI (to) 298 XII „ Quire 191 L Quit (a place) C 219 R

Quick 153

Pumpkin C

R

„

(JU<)RN(;-MO

121

R R— C

Rabbit 6 Race C 234 Rag 203

M

R—

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XIV

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—

M

M—

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„

„

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C

239

(with your eyes)

„

(with your hands)

229

Read 67 Ready C

M

C

L

227

L

219 R goods in the "Go down" 22X L on c 34 R

„

a pair of shoes 223 clothes c 221 L clothing 223 R

„

one side

C

238

M

C

236

account 224 „ up C 234 Pyramidal 277 VI „

to

R

R—

XIV

M

C 239 R

R

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Proclamation c 203 R Produce 292 XI Professor (J 159 L 310 XVIII Profit c 23s L Prohibit 305 XIV Projecting 275 V Promise C c 203 R 296 XI Prompt c 219 Proof 308 XVI Propagate 305 XIV Proper 7 L 213 L Property 303 XIII Propriety 311 XIX 2S4 VIII Prosper c 13 R 116 92 Prosperous 5 283 VIII

—

—

M

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M—

M

7

c 203

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XX

312

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Protection c 157 C c 152 L

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C

school

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158

M— 2S3

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284 VIII

C

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c 55

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M

(to)

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M

C

235

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when

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115

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229

C down C close

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M—

(as clothing

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XII

51;-

M

235 228

L

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away C

C

not used) „

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aside

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C

Reach

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XI

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232

of hills 309 XVII c 43 L c 45 146 c 200 R 285

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R

46

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Range

Rank

c

M

M

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67

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M

L—

M M

c 67

C

(officially)

Punishment 277 VI Punishments (nine) C

Railing c 161 L Railroad company C 157 Railway car 190 R Rain 203 Rains 160 L Raise c 61 R 134 uii 136 171— C 227 C228R „ (as an anchor) C 227 „ (as a standard) C 227 L Raised (one's self to look) C 230 Raisin c 182 C 1S3 R Ramj)art 310 XVIII

—

C

(a fault)

„

iiKJ

178 L c 238

—

R

181

Punctuate C 219 R Punish 4 L C 219 R

Quarrel

C Queen

„

C C67 R— Cc 6

M— 276

L

VI

Queer 284 VIII Question mark (?)

VIII— 289 XIII— P 262 283

Queue

152

(to plait the)

away C 234 L up C 227 M

„

„

(as a flag)

228

R

„

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by a hook C 227

M

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17

Pullet

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239

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beam

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C

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226

242

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a7

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the)

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C

(cofiee)

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C

169

C 171 M C 169 L

C

Plough c 14S R XIII Pluck C c 237 R up C 232 R „

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51

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L— 304

c 67

from a vessel ) c in C c 218 L out C c 218

Power

1

R

6

201

201 146

L

L

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C C

147

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Polite c 10

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rites

Politeness 102 Political

C

M M

145

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R

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235

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(to take a-)

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213

C 234 M L

Pine ajjple C 182 301 XIII Pipe C c 57 (cold water) C 170 L „

M—

R

(hot water) c 171 (waste) c 171 R

„

Pirate

C

L

149

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Pistol c 202

280 VII

Pit

Pitch

away C 218

here C 218 Pitcher c 169 L „

M M

(milk) C 169 L (water) C 169 J^

„ „

M—

C c 152 287 IX— 298 XII App 7th Stanza Placard C 202 L Pity

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—

P 270 A PI) Place Stanza 17 R Place it erect C 238 Plague 287 IX Plain 107 51

—

Plait

C

128

8th

M

M

43 1-7

C

(the cue or cpieue)

Platter 306

9

M

166

M

166

C 149 IPin C 36 R- -5 Pincers 174 Pinch c i;

steak C 178 Port clearance C 203 R Porter C 149 L Portiere C 164 R Portrait c 158 R Possessive case (sign of) c

M M

C

Pilot

239 IPlan c 146

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VIII— C

Pillow 282 case „

„

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R I.

270 III Pillar 286 IX

286 IX Pomegranate C 183 R Pond 303 XIII Ponder c 2 8 R Pool 303 XIII Poor 129 11-' C c 197 R 292 XI— 306 XV Porcelain c 200 Porch C 163 295 XI Pork C 48 R chop C 178 „ Politics

R—

L

227 149

Pill

Plaintiff

i"

sj

M

7i

upon C 235 L „ Pretend c 196 R Pretty C 208 R good C 212 R „ Prevent jjeople from passing and repassing C 224 Previously ^04 XIII 285

IX

station

i

Prei)ared 289 VIII Presents (to engage or in-

c 235 Press C

M

154

154 Policeman C 149 L Polish C c 218 L „

,,

Precepts (five) C 45 R Precious c 43 311 XIX Prefecture 282 VIII C c 218 L Prei)are 112 76 (for a journey) c „

C

captain

Pilferer

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M— M

XXIV

199

R

Poetrj' I r o ii7 Point c 44 269 I Pointed c 197 Points (the four) C 44 R Poison c 179 R^ 203 R Poisonous (heart) C 197 R Pole c 201 R a boat C 2 0/ (north) c 45 302 „

L—

Preface

191

C C

Pile uj)

„

M— 6 R M

Plunder c 23 r Pocket c 166

Poem

— 303

I

286 IX Powerful C 152 L 296 XI Powers c 43 Practice 94 L usury C 240 R „ Praise 46 113 8i> Praise 313 XXVI 288 IX Pray C c 218 Prayer (the Lord's ) 90 Preach 7 L

M

I

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C R—c

91

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XIII 2

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227 R Powcier c 166 (gun)

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XVIII

M

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154

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Posterity 5

Post office Pot c 172

R

197

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XVI

Play with c 218 L Please C c 29 R Pleased 312 XX (tobe) 283 VIII „ Pleasure 309 X\'II Pledge (safely) c 197 Plot (of ground) 192 R

VIII Possible 6

stringed instru-

a

ment 308

-'81

,

I,

231 1, Plane 174 L Planet (live)

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230

c 45

I,

—

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Plank 279 VII Plant 57 303 XIII

M—

Plantain C 182 L Plaster (medicinal) C 190 Plate 19 305 XIV Platform c 164

M—

M

XV

M—

Play 67 137 203 R Play (amusement) (a

175

C

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218

comedy) C 242

„ „

at cards

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(drama)

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c 47 L 5 L Medical book C 168 Medicine c 146 L c 156 R-303 XIII Meditate C 237 Meet (accidentally) c 242 again 293 XI „ with 301 XIII „ Melon c 180 (musk) C 180 M, „ (water) C 180 „

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flower

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6

275 V Besiege (a City) 223 L Best 198 Bestow c 154 L c 199 286 IX Bestow on 313 XIX Betelnut C 182 R Better 198 Between 299 XII Bewail 306

203 L (passage) C 203 L „ (small) C 203 L „ (tanka) C 203 L „ Body c 44 112 71 129 HI 134 ici— c 162 220 L Boil 297 XII in water C 214 „ Boiled 176 1, egg C 177 >>. Boiling 195 R Boisterous weather C 242 L Bolt c 234 (of a door) c 189 R „ (to— door) 285 IX „ Bond 119 101 (a social) 306 XV „ Bone c 178 285 IX

—

L—

M

M

R

C

Pi5.'— C 187

off

L Bridegroom C 141 L Bridle C c 173 M Bride

C

C 214 M C 241 R

280 VII open 283 VIII „ up C 233 L „ Brick 308 XVI— c 169 Brick wall C 169 L

162

8th

M

R

—c

Beside

M

(a fast)

„

mouth C 243

Boxing Master

— App

R— c

c 221

„

R—

one's

C

BoatC7iR— 79R — C157M

Bowels 303 XIII Box 34 306 XV (fight) C 243 L „ „

47

—

L

285 IX

)

R

279 VII Board (sign) 301 XIII Boast 152 L 291 X 303 XIII

R

Bowl 170

M

M—

—

— —

R

191 the water)

(into

C c stanza Board c 71

243

hand)

(of the

„

230 Blue

M—

Bow

279 VII Blow out C 61

Blown

Bottom 22 L— 281 "VIII Bouquet C 164 L Bow 214 c 244 L Bow head (to) c 13 R

M— c

c 149

M

Belly c 173

Belong to 312 XXI Below 6 c 8 117 95 C 209 Bench 269 II Bend C c 214 R c 220 L Beneath C 22 L Benevolent c 201 L 273 IV Benevolence 100 37 Bequeath 137 17:!

147

R

167 L Bid c X99 Bid (to do) c 218

Bible

C

M

M— L—

R

Big 2 7 270 III— 271 IV Bile 287 IX Bill c 203 M-304 XIII (an account) 60 L „ (money account) 60 L „ (shopman's) C C199L „ Billow 290 X Bind 309 XVII— App 3d Stanza Bind (book) C 240 L Bird c 177 L C c 199 L Bird c 202 294 XI Birdcage C 165 Birthday C 12 L

—

M—

C 179 173 Bite c 239 L Bitter 128110

M

R

M

C

— 179 M — 281

VIII Black C c 47 Blacksmith C 242 Blade

R 5

M 147

R—

M

of grass 193 I, Blame 113 so C 214 Blanket c 163 L Blend 125 126 „

—

M

Book case C 167 L

Bless

C Book shelf C

Blessed c 155 R Blessings (five) C c 45

Bookseller

147 167

M L

C

c 214

M

M

—C

—

—

——

322 111 P 3:\-2 292 XI 297 XII „ firmly seated C 238 „ in a hurry C 238 Beam 128 ii'J Heams 162 Bean 1S9 I. 179 R (white) C 179 R „ (vellow) C 179 R „ Bear c' 152 278 VII— 282 VIII 312 XXI Beard (c) 166 Beast 311 XIX Beasts 103 w Beat (gong) C 242 R (strike c 242 L „ Beauties (the two) C 43 L

Re 122 „ at

M

M

M

—

Awaken 153 1, Awav c 29 R

Arouse C c 153 Arrange C 214 R

iHit— )C 235 R store—) C 235 R Awl 128 i:i« 174 R Axe C c 174 R- 283 VIII

in order c 202 R „ 293 XI Arrest C 225 C c 233 Arrested (a criminal) C 229 1, Arrive C 43 L 94 I— 118 as— 272 IV Arrow 199 270 III 276 V

„

(to

„

(to

—

Bachelor C 199 I. Back c 47 h c 221 Back rooms C 162 L Bad 22 8r 198 Bag 129 111 Baggage C 199 I. Baked 176 Baker C 147 R Baking oven C 172 Balance 109 04 Balcony c 204 R Ball 294 XI for play) 199 L (of mud) 192 „ (shot) c 199 L „ Balustrade C 161 L Bamboo 128 lOT c 172 L 194 Bamboo basket C 172 L shoots C 181 „ Banana 57 R c 182 L Bandage C 227

—

R — c 145 M IX— 289 X L Because 7 R — C c 2

M

285'

1 1

277 VI

L

— 135

i'

M

'«3

(accustomed

„

R

214

to)

C

M—

„ „ „ „

(

to

make

Bee 135 107 Beef C 47

the)

L— C

C

240

176

Banditti 7 L Banister c 163

R—

L—

L

„

M—

Before hand c 218

L

— 304

R— 288

—

IX

M R—

R C 242 c 9 Begin c 8 Il8 9J— P 155— 61 288 IX 214 Beginning 6 R 7 94 1

R— R—

Behave to Behind 8

M—

I

'

or

gate

I

get—) C 234 L

„

(to

„

(to stand

Ask 90 L

L—

— )C 234 L — 214 R— c 218

294 XI Asleep 211 Assemble C 236 R 299 XII Assent 281 VIII Assist 6 C 227 2S0

M

—

M—

M—

VII Assistant c 147 Association 106

I>

— 274

V

so

another's

C

Astronomer

name 2S3

159

M

Astute c 153

M

R— 17 R— 22 L 97 ——126 — P ——209 M — 272 IV

At

M

5

15

203

13

^271 III

barrier)

I

Barbarians (all the) C 44 R Barber C 147 I. Barrel c 172 Barrier c 154 Barter c 149 R c 200 -C

M M

304 XIII last C 210 R Attain 90 R C 204 Attend c 158 Attentive 309 XVII Auction C 199 August C 9 L

L

August(i.e.niajestic)c 148

R

R— M

Aunt 141

C 162 Basin C c 22 Basket c 172 Bath tub C 170

R— C 209 M Believe c 152 R— 286 IX Battle C 199 Bell 14 R— 39 M BAY 132 (to ring) C c 39 M „ •

VIII

—

8

M—

M

At

214 R Basement

— M— R

(to)

M—

,,

L

Barb 269

XIII

Beg c 147 Beggar C 147

(the

223

M

—

VIII

R—

R

M

—

Assume 284 VIII

(of a rivier) 282

„

C

c 146

—

R

Bankrupt C 199 L Banner c 202 L C 234 Bar c 162 (door) 312 XX „

T,

M—

L—

M

Bank C 155 h

steak C 176 L Beer C c 34 C 179 Before 5 c 8 c 8 98 2"i— C 209 „

M

—

(double) C 165 L (foot of) C 165 L (head of) C 165 L room C 165 L (single) C 165 L

„

—

M

Bed 188 165 L— 278 VII Bed (childrens) C 165 L „

Artist

L

C

l,—c 173 I, 159 As 7 R 126 130—277 VI As soon as C 42 Ascend C 227 R C 234 R C 237 297 XII Ascending 292 XI Ashamed 295 XI Ashes C c 171 277 VI Aside c 238 Artisan

M

Beautv c 13

Become 97

R—

R

Articles 187

M

R—

M

Beche de nier C 176 Beckon 284 VIII

M

M—

B

L—

7

M—

—

M—

Beautiful

I,

— c 236 M

1.1

L

R— 286

L

L

R

Austere c 197

IX

Autum C

c 8

—

L I.

— loi

23

—

119 103 286 IX Avail c 227 R 282 VIII Avoid C 214 Awake 211 L C c 238 R

R—

—

—CP

—P

—C c

321 Ancestors

290 X R— C

L

7

Anchor c 224

R-280 Anchor

R

224 landuig

at ferry

place

R

224

Anchorage C 236 R Ancient 6 L— 126130

— 127

— 274 V And 26 M— 51 M— 99 — 115 -P — P — App 7th Stanza Anger 104 n — 151 L 131

3:i

175

88

114

231.

Animal 291

X

Animals (six kinds of) C 45 L

Announce 6 L Annoy C 226 L

M—

Afraid

L— C

—

X 229

Able

17i— P 187 Afterward C 67 L C 210 R Afterwards C 210 R Age 277 VI Agent C 146 L (commercial) C 147 L „ Ago (longtime) 282 VIII C 227 Aid 6 278

—

M—

278 VII

Air c 71

R.

Apartment c 161 Apothecary C 146

R— C

153

195

M L

91

M

154

Apparel c 33 Apparent 294 XI

M— C

c 199

Alarm C 199 M Alive 288 IX All P 81—57 L— C

R — 95

— 304

8

M

c 81 M— — 107 — 5:i

XIII

AII290X— C195R-1251-7 „ about C 44 R Appetite 5 M 287 IX „ ages C 47 R Apple C 182 R „ nations C 47 R Apply (plaster or ointment) C 241 M „ parts of the world C 47 R Apprehend C 226 L „ the people C 47 R robbers C 224 L Allow Cc 213 L 277 VI „ 310 XVIII Approach C 237 L Allowing App 3d Stanza Approve C 213 L Almost C 211 R April C 9 L Alms C 199 M Apricots gS lu Aloft c 161 M Apron C 175 M Alone 282 VIII A] t C 19s R Alphabet P 100 Acpiarium C 164 L — Already 127 i^o — 134 Architect C 146 L 210 R — 290 X Are 125 127 — P — App 2nd Also P -H— 5 L Stanza 134 ici Aright (to put things) C 27s V- 285 IX Alter 61 R— C c 213 L 239 R Although 129 143— C 211 M Arithmetic C 168 M Altogether c 76 M— C 211 Arm chair C 163 L

—

—

ii;2

(15

—

Armor rgi L— 5 M Armory C 154 M Arms C c 199 M c 243

Army C

199

of

„

M

—

12500

R — 290 X — 293 XI — 310

XVIII

M

210

men

282

Around C 175

M

(to turn) c

23S

M

C

M

67

L— P

Ambassador C 146 L

Amen

VIII „

Always

L American C 145 Among P 303

2

ai—c

be)

(to

133-274

About

C

(nearly)

210

Above

6

M

R— 132

34

V

C

c Si

R

L

M — 136 M

171)

Abruptly c 212 Abscond C c 234 R Abundance 296 XI Abundant 310 XVIII Academy C 158 L Accept C 201 L Accompany C c 234

R—

Accomplish 90 R Accomplished 2S6 IX According c 1 5 9 L — c 2 1 2 M Accordingly c 210 R According to 7 R 281 VIII Account c 168 L c 199 L (to keep) 224 R „ (to put it to) 224 R „ Accumulate C 235 R 298 XII Accuse c 149 R c 215 R

—

—

—

—

213 L innocent c 213 L Accustomed (become) c 2 14

C

falsely

„ „

R Accustomed to 307 Acid 306 XV

XV

Across c 201 R Act C 225 L 5 R 136 iG'j c 238 Add 13 105 17 137 175 C 213 L c 227 R Add to (to) 6 293 XI up 60 L 274 V „ Addicted to C 42 L

— —

—

M — M— — —

R—

—

Adjectives 195 (the

„ of)

R comparison

M

198 Administration

Csix

45 L Admire 301 XIII Admonish c 203 R Adopt 313 Adorn C 226 L Adult c 28 L of)

Dep'ts

C

XXV

gr

M—

28

M

R— 284 VIII— 290 X After 8 R— c 8 M— 136

Aim

Anxiety €152 Anxious c 151 R 290 X

C

Abbreviate C 234 Abide 116 in Ability 159 L

»i

VII

M

Ant 199

— 190 R Affect 294 XI Affinity c 141 R — 290

Affair 114

A

X

M—

V

Another 6 275 Answer 309 XVII

Advance C 233 M Advance towards 297 XII Advantage 289 Adverbs 209 R

VIII

at

„

236

35

— 275 V

n-jo

INDEX.

EXPLANATORY NOTE. only

which

M R L C

:

-

way

possible it

Owing

to

to locate a given

arrangement of our book,

the

word

is

by reference to the

the

coluiiui

in

appears, hence:

middle column of the page.

= right hand column of the page. = hand column of the page. ^ Chinese word composed of two left

is

c =^ that the word

is

a

or more words, component part of a compound Chinese word.

Large type numerals =: page number. Small type numerals =^ numbered columns (employed only for words found ou pages 94 to 137 inclusive and on page XII) Ou page XII, numerals key to

indicate

translation of Chinese Preface.

literal

= strokes

Roman Numerals

of the pen necessary to form a given Chinese

or character (employed only for

App

= appendix

(employed

only

word

words found on pages 269 to 313 inclusive).

for

words found in

literal

translation

of

Chinese Poetry given on page 319).

P

=^ words fouud iu Chinese Preface on Page XII. Illustkations.

CLOTHES C word

(indicated

(indicated

PRINCE

M — means

33

c

106

by 51

c),

—

that Clothes in Chinese,

is

both a compound

by the C) and a component part of a compound word both to be found iu the middle column (Mj of page 33.

means

that

this

word

will

be found ou the 106il» page,

in the 51*' column.

THIRST

300 XII

— means

that the word will be found on page 300, under

the heading of twelve (XII) stroke words, indicated by

HIDE APP among

8il>

STANZA

— means that

the words in the

INTRODUCTION P

5-355

8'1»

the

word

Roman Numeral

will be

XII.

found on page 319,

stanza.

_ means

word will be found number 5 and J.i.

that the

Preface, on page XII, opposite ''key"

in the Chinese

319

o c5

<

cq

T

°

318 In general the arrangement of contents

and

(lays of the

month

—

"Sarm Chee Kuu"

the

—

—

their

names and

how

sixth,

some

—

of

seventh,

the

the

earth, the five great

thereof

subdivisions

—

eighth,

arrangements, and the contents

— tenth,

and most important

of his

home

of

are set forth opposite each Chinese character, the exact

all,

— —

to recoguize Chinese characters

his household

man's occupations together with

—

numerals

first,

and English phrases

fourth, Chinese

ami the use of a Chinese dictionary continents,

—

second, easy graded lessons on every day topics

third, rules for the use of Classifiers fittli,

as follows;

is

ninth, miscellaneous words, etc.

meaning and

phonetic pronunciations of the Chinese characters as sounded by the Cantonese themselves,

together with a literal translation and a polished transliteration

superimposed

thereat,

intended; hence the

There

are

other

for

name

the

purpose

of

explaining exactly

of our book which

we have not enumerated.

Giving thus the origin aad explanation of Chinese words this

same

book,

likewise

be

of

great

service

meaning

Made Easy".

of the book, "Chinese

contents

the

to

the

etc.,

why may

Chinese in easily

acquiring the English language?

Such

is

our introduction this

Anno Domini,

1903.

BROUNER

not

and

FUNG,

Collaborators.

317

Not

225

2Uyr.

Follow

226 yo2o

245

This (Rule)

260 yol

One

243

261 cheen

Thousaud

262 cow

Nine

Imt

yiii

Re

227 2i(Sye

To

247/(rtr«

Do

248 yc

Easy

249 huwk

Learn

250 yun

English

2h\yr

Language

W

252/00

?

§ ^

253

This

263 hart

Humlred

264

And

Inn

265 sarm

Three

266

Year

ziecM

267 hay

Give

268

Take

/flw

i

269 imr

Hold

210fu7ig

Place

271 y«e<

Joy

272 mow

Luxuriant

273

United

/ooHj;

chce

)^

s^e

(Act)

254 why

Is

255

Introduction

jeio-e

256 yea 1

%

Jesus t

257

so )

A.D.

258 kawiHj Descend Record

274

(or

259 sarn

(7^'e

Preface)

Livinc

I

svjh

ai6

199

see

J

315 112 yum

APPENDIX. Kky to Chinese Preface

40

iliit

pg. xii.

313

XXVI

XXIV

XXII

jam

sook

(118)

(154)

to

cage

to praise

m

H ^^ to

redeem ransom

tie

(30)

to

tfU

-.

(188)

1^'* the bodythe person

dun

(63)

(173)

to cut off

spirit

yea-ung

l^'j^jfo

yield i.e

ve prece-

dence

XXIII

to

garm

^K.^

(167)

mirror

6ean

%^

(149)

to

change

^

^\2

XXI

XXT

kwoo

lar

XX

XX

1

lo

yic/c

a final

/

•

particle

\» regard

(149)

"»'

If ^^—fjSSL^

to trans-

stove

late (a

lam

hay-tmg

sooA-

(441

belong: to

it rt

J^ ^

O ©the

(1901

beard

noise

broken-

sound

worn out

to

M.

bar the door to

(160)

tl

/

Vto know

to

dispute

^

ftst.

(75)

power

(149)

1^ -^^

to protect

pay

go-e

m

-^M

kiln

167)

iron

(169)

explain

heart

tate

to consult

sick

(1-20)

j

(149)

(87)

quam

i '

ye

(180)

yick

work)

* (61)

to fear

(76)

(149)

ghted

compare

pleased

wean

(165)

emancipate

(199)

wbeaten flour

.

311

XIX

XIX g"y

liln

1^ *—

i***

-A

hanker after

i

'

^S "^^ ^^ r-^^

kawng

(172)

l-"*^lomestic fowl

,

^^^ ,^^ '

^^ ""^

(11^)

bestov

(94)

fA

beast

metals

,#^.

(140)

^

evive

TJn

ye

^wn

JiAio

to heal

testify

(149)

lander

chawng

4|

(167)

^^^

mirror

j/m

^;^ 171

a watch

II (164)

chee

i^M>

(167)

kane

YU

C;>C(149)

^

ore of

decorum be-oo

(154)

rii

(112)

^roprietv-

kum

}un

^

XIX

lie


(61)

5?

XIX

I

(181)

to refuse

bo

^.^^y

\

to desire

jick

(140)

to conceal-

store

up

won

P-ious.^^^^;ffi;^^

bean

(115)

*

^

jC^seeurity

po

(162)

(149)

side or

edge

|Z Pf

record

:no

tnow

sook

farn

lie

XVIll

XVIII

XVIII

XVIII

(149)

I'lir-fault

to

shriuk

kun

farn

(149)

careful

(149)

to sing

V^'k

bliud

to

chant

queye

m

i/j'w.

(187) I

^t n^to return-

x-*-**/

^

W^to

home

\\ll


to testify

(187)

ft

pair

to ride

lorse

why

back

(120)

to allow-

permit

ye-oo

i64)

(32)

^

(120)

kay

say-ung

m

verify-

/5

(120)

<

to spoil-

o injure

tn stir

up

to spinto twist

1

309

XVII

XVII

XVII

>Si

pawng

mot

die

look

XVII

m (62

(167)

a record

to

wear

'

'^^stocking

it 1^ -^^

149)

1

to slander to vilify

(167)

(124)

(85)

/^

heem

cheen

yick

say

coin

to spill

(149)

Xi ^^^

humblelowly

> \

yun

hay

2/e

note of

garp

ja^/yuio

^

a3tlTiration

dally

AKm

with

m (196)

dove or pigeon

exclamation leem

lorck

cho-e

(154)

ntest for-a

lie

^#

(75)

pleasure-

show

joy

of

sun

lun

foot

voice-

wide

sound

kawng

kun

(149)

wentive-

|1

'-?rtt)ectful

W

^/-^ ^^

range of hills

f^t^'

(173)

niioar frost-

speak

'W~

come

t^g

^Hp its

(120)

to bindto tie

up

)ew-e

sorng

(149)

(30)

fork

(169)

(128)

P^

nmecrvstnls

it

(120)

"suspend

308

\vr

XVI cham

XVI

tani

-^X^^^

E^

XVI

]un

chuok

(184

(85)

-^

men

ro play

I '

V^

on

'^

!i striuijed striiitrc'd a

W -iHJ

>|iiiiiet still

i

iiipure

instrument

pun

bean

)ew-e

^1.' '^— Tvidenccproof

,

jick

*

^..z 4i ^r: ^ />^

J"-""'^

'

'

^

minate

I

I

wham

bore

iT^^to store Uf

chun

lie

(147)

lepend oa

'sself

rilirr

'

(155)

particle

chaw

hawk

soo-e

(167)

a

wrong

jin

;>

ii09)

it

(39)

sleep

to learn

thread

tawng

loong

so

(120)

(119)

suarar I

rect

ye

I

I

hut

PP

(159)

l^>U^tPsidue

y^ j^^scheme

"^

k

mix

"^T^t-^ o

control

sot

XY ngaw

R

A

XV

XV

lay-ung

say-ung

(184)

XV cheen

(154i

(149)

hungry

^\

sincere j

(162)

to to

reward

change locality

to

An

(184)

cake

!

^t pi

tZJ^

why

yun

bar

ben

move

(J22)

-

(61)

1,154)

to leave

worthy

off-desist

to

comfort

from

po

yoke

jwn'

boo-e

(167)

(61)

a phal

^r^-^l

Shop-store

«

hate

sort or

tCU^

desire

class

ngun

dut

]un

SK

iTua

(167)

(60)

(64)

Ver- or

to feel

money

with the

Cj

t(i

increase

*

virtue

hands

M
(181)

collar

*

I

'

iULk"*

(75)

bottle

mo

yick

A^

quarn

;rm

lane

foo

4-^ -i
*

>^ ^

accustom'^ ed to

4

j

(145)

trousers

I

choong

«/Mf

m (9)

ten

myriads

J>

(22)

tomb

I^i

(86)

hot

(151)

to plant

306

XT

XV

XV

cheye

XV say-iing

fart

i%

if

class or

(40.

to cast',

;i

sort

(120)

^Z^

(118.1

tr_\

to

^^^^

to

hear

box

judge lun

koong

ktiu

peen

(163)

o")

poor

^y^f

I

neighbor

mf

m

leaf of a

book

chee

ijii)

(164)

(16-2)

>v\ social

screen

l)ond a

to sliade

li

^

M

(118)

I

l^/^%iwur-acid

(61)

^>-v^ kindnessmaternal

law

love

bork

tow

tarn

yvi

m (187)

-^/Vb

.181)

(86)

il aid. to

head

gh. to

contradict

hot

bewail

my

poon

chee

#

(154)

j^ive

Mi.

chee

(154)

(108)

' a platter

sell

(211)

the teeth

a trav

mar

mot

SX

1203) I

V^

sow

a22)

dark

rebuke

loudv

.scold

v-woo-e

(331

p^^'longevlty

(22)

an eddy

305

XIV

J 304

XTTT

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287

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erase

(94)

choong

(121

^3^

dower

to

neem

koo-e

far

U

a contract or lease

^

chee-oo

'•^W'^Xhiktake

celery

4 4^

queer

soldier

kun

yow

"^ ^

strange or

* *

cho-e

(24)

VIII

pie

^Uk. ^*.

I

'0"^''

chut

^

VIII

(72)

(64)

r^fc.

long

-^

"^TocTi drag, to pull

par

j/ze

f'^^v

to

prosper

part

m (109)

A

blind

(173)

rain

^H

afraid

^H

(64)

to

pat

0. g.

on back

283

VIII

VIII

ham

wot

VIII

VIII

kwoo

fawng

f/L-A

l^J^

constant perpetual

<130)

y^J^

(631

room

a share of stock

mo

kwoo

yun

vick

^ (76)

(30)

^

lilitary

guess

to

»

-^^^

servant

^ "^ ^» be

%

(30)

(9)

iJpplied to

a (iommon person

'i

a ques-

ion mark(?)

^fJV

a ques-

>^

tTto

mark

limbs of

mud

he body

(H)

(64)

#

•*|^

to

/ T

'^^

WO

or both

to break

open

/bo

(69)

^i' .

^

r^f r^ t3

drag

to pull

"^^^prosperous

a canon

mo

lay-ung

tore

1^

i85i

ih

)uilding

(64)

dane

(130)

(63)

chart

(?)

nigh

gee

ljf\

(30)

(162)

a reception

# waung

nay

pleased

sore

teep

lo

Xjf^

,

to

#

1

axe

bo

(13)

*° feign-to

assume f mnothers name

^

(77)

step

282 VIII

VIII

ye-uck

(iiini^

VTIT

VIII

deem

sick

(53)

^

ea.i

...

'

.

darm

fung

YTT // ct

a loug time

^,^^^

^^ ^^^^^^^^

yun

\

|

.^^

'37.

2!r

"^

command imand

.

"^55

"^**

^^EV^receive '^-<^-^. I

f^

,

if-porhaps

ii bear iiearor or 100 catties

i.e. 1331/3 lbs,

from a superior

mook

haij

1^,^,,^ brave

^

foo

/?^

^^*"'

..^^ J

j

-^ ,>^'^T. ^a ,

(46)

/?

<-V^

or a;ive

-^

shepherd

chum

fawng

I

53)

prefecture

ngaw-un

I

(-24)

humble

,

shop or ,nn

^^tc^

1

kwoo

(8)

#T^"^

lapitol

chart

(116)

reason•aiis^br ground to let

go or loose

narrow F

hoong

queye

woon

rn-bean

(116)

(39)

(96)

empty or a season

vacant

with

kwoo

/'"l/

done

kwun

(159)

an army of or I

phan

•

or alone 1

,1

12500 men

281

hun

dough

sigh

foo

VIII

VIII

VIII

VIII

m "^^^

V*

bitter

to assent

^

(162)

i?

near

\

to serve or wait on

(63)

bottom

ii

(167)

(60)

to

depart

'S

gold

A^

(36)

night

n

(106)

sign of the

possessive caseCs)

dhun

(30)

^

life

/^;

ir

decide

yea

(74)

friend or

companion or schoolmate

•g

government

(87)

to

excellent I

not or wrong

(40)

officer of

(9)

(175)

^^

green

cham

nigh

fay

to settle

4 m

(174)

quoon

deet

yea

willing

pun

kum

waung

die

be-oo

reach

chun

1

J^

to

to use

see

fcwn

(130)

(18)

(9)

|

-J"^

emulate

strive for

good sow

ye

(9)

according

^^.Si^l^rS™'^^"

or as

<^

(87)

receive

280 Vlll

VIII

qwoo

VII

moon

VII

foo

lay-ung

(64)

to

buy

help

to

or aell to trade

(1)

i$)

tael

to assist

hore

cheat

hay-ung

(64)

^

.

river

gee

}^

to

anchor

or

moor

yup

9^

weep

(3-2)

or mire

fart

W

(73)

more

ham

goy

^"^^

^jNteete-relishl-^/ '^it-ditch

to

trench

,

gee

-^

A^

}f

Ip*

sook

(85)

to

(29)

rule

or govern

change

,

keen

jeen

^71w

enjoy

(66)

nigh

A Jti

(64)

turn or twist

be acquainted with people)

flavor

> 1

to

(85)

to

Sua mua

off

gun

^^

know(i.e.to

may

^Sm^

break

now

m (85)

(8)

I

to

concord

part

•^

^

harmony

'^

^""^

to

see

^

uncle

,

chow

^ (85)

or rule-

regulation

_

*86)

I to

contract to infect

,y

i

(64)

to

copy

writing

279

VII

VII

chay

VII

VII

haw

chook

orn

wlio or which

'

the foot

waffon

narm

yup

^

(102)

(163)

(18)

(150)

judge a valley

or decide

quone

see

^^t /

(115) j

W^

private

or personal

'

or

what

peace or rest I

nay

/^

m

^i^

you

ko-e

^K -i^ to

If % ^SjJ^

board

or j)lank

cheen

H

^R^ /

(62)

prince

swallow

to

I

t-f^

(30)

(2)

I or to

string

we

together

my or

or us or

to

guard

me

(166)

mile

'

i

4

»4 (30)

call

or cry

ytn

ngoi-e

(30)

hamlet village

or

key-oo

laij

(75;

him

ngaw

(30)

^XW^

^

she-it or he

or

chun

barn

(9)

blow

ton

-—if*

(9)

inform

to

cho-ee

fij

to

why

town

male

cook

^\

or

go

f*^

poon

.^1

(40)

(9)

(157J

foolish

(149)

words

•

278 VII

VII

chaw

VII

VII

chatvng

Iar7i

/^

(10)

(t6i

^'^ •

9)

to

stretch |

I

to

help

'

cold

< /]jT>K

(53)

one's self in

bed

yawning |

I

bun

sarm

darn

^>

(12)

soldier

(145)

fie

I

(61)

(9)

oat or shirt

quick

but-only

I

how

toe

M-

kwoo

(130)

(9)

(39)

stomach

a scat

piety

mawng

to

bart

lo

*61)

^

to forget

(9)

•

2/"«

sand

-%

yAf

labor

I

yow

c/iM»n

i61i

estimate

'

eldler or senior

chork

it

^—

(9)

to protect f"

!!

gee

^'"k

will-aim

ir

purpose

-^

.61)

t

hi to (lid aid

ijie

chaw

rt %

'

to sit

liown

T.

\

to ^^ niake-todo

boon

(9)

(32)

i

-we-inysclf

ourselves

m

(91

ompanion

2TT

VI

VI

VI

foo-e

yum

yow

J^

^ ashes

rest responsibil-

ity, trust, to

allow

yun

dun

^\

i

(74)

have

(30)

every

chung

ye

m lamp

(142)

(18)

(86)

koong

4

^ korh

^

(9)

(86)

VI

^'J

insect,

punishment

ear

1

it (12)

^Kl

togetffei or with togetffer

yea-ung

as,

(9)

similar,

if,

whole

or like

kay

fook

4 H (123)

m

m (31)

for or because

yook

(9)

^ ist: na^lumbly,

sheep

worm

yun

chin

Sfee

r< reptile,

(9)

to sub-

stand

to

\k

(130)

eat or flesh

to lie prostrate |

ham

5

or year

chee

horn

^4

-rf^

walk I

sweat

(42)

oi^pyramidal

>fi

^

»

100

chee

chee

conical

•.^J ^^milion

(106)

(144.)

cheem

^

bart

" to

dwell

"^

(132)

self

1

276

VI

VI how

f^

JfT

(30)

sovereign prince or ruler seat

pay

sut

qiwrtig

(10)

_^.

ZU

(37)

I

r37

1

skin

lost

,._;,^

107)

I

•see

sin

\

bow

(20>

tongue

toe

see

t^i"^'i

chut

{•?)

"Jl

vomit

dee-oo

(78)

to die

^

(30,

"* to

I

hang

I

^ V

go out

letter

Lolor

men

to

name

title or

M

(30)

or

fame

dim little

M-

(38)

good

* Pronounced with a inflection as in asking; see (?) rising

t^

(61

must

or necessarily

chee

Tfc

Til

^

nutive or

shut

gut

(30)

i

(9)

heat

hop

toward

>^->y^

ho

(39)

<139)

(30)

•

(17)

-^

/or console

hay-ung

^

)eye

c/iee

stc/c

wrap up

arrow

before

luck

X

(76)

next

or following

1

275

dhar

^^

vwore

foo

(6*)

\

."'n^ "^

^^

^*^ !

interjection

.,

summon

to

7E

^^

(103)

a roll or a piece

hun

(113)

to

(30)

admonish

elder brother

outside

may

harm

or call

n-goi-e

see

^wn

see

(50)

(99)

(30)

another or

market

sweet

mood

chay

JL

i^fef '

S''^^^

„f „,,,nriae!!

po(

-^

(30)

"

i

to strike

X.

chee-oo

dwf

^

also

/wn

ih

(75

(1)

besides

pnr or result end

(9)

(17)

77

projecting

cause or

to to

make

or

to order

pxm

ngar

sigh

boon

(75)

(51)

^i»^^

/J^

generation

cheye or cheat

teeth

I

I

even

^

I

roi or root

oriiirin

boon

ivon

but

At (85)

whole or cut

^

imooth

J

north

^

to revere

^-

-

(21)

half

j

11

274

kar

bart

bo

(60)

.

^

ra

\£-^

131)

cloth cotton

up

tuld

^•ITOQ^

yj^

(30i (30

I

6 (106)

white

ritow

foo

ancient

"*J

1^—

(9)

to deliver to

EB

1-^

(31)

>

102)

tield

prisoner

i

vwoo-c

(loiKjh-i:

/id

four

or linen

'

-

J/Oll'

1021

can or may, worthv-able

to revert or

instead of

goo-e

;ait)

N

(30

1

AtL

148)

the left or

' ,

knock at ,

toe-e

karp

'^rf

I

>r

an assistant

(30)

phrase or sentence

(30

•luinent or

y^

n (30.

(30)

director or

right (side)

exalted

't*'

1

f

102)

coat of mail

1

Sim

IJOW

O

from

turn back

commissioner

t f

(

102)

to stretch-to

exfcend-to

state to a su-

perior-from 3to 5p.m. chee

yoong

set

mook

(30)

w

r

^

merely

(109)

^

onlv only or stone

^ to

use

eye

A

273

IV

IV

waung

yun

A

IV

IV mook

look

3E

»

(96)

(9)

benevolent or kind

sup

(9)

a file of ten men

mo

4

(82)

female

(77)

(12)

JrL

-^7^

a part

X

A^ = foot

(9)

not

now

M

chow

to

ji »*—

claws

speak

^l-

(9)

enemy

.^^j

Ji

f

I

Y

10 inches

(20)

not

(42)

young or few

toong

far

\

(44)

see-oo

Hf>^

(10)

R

rnot

4

ym

a spear

^'

(1)

(7)

(62)

(18)

kum

%

(87)

diet

five

a square

^V

fun

^

wood

male

to stop

won

quore

^

J^

(75)

jOW

It

but

(38)

^

koong

hair

fawng

^

six

ung

no-e

y-

king

gee

if

^f

(12)

(9) *®^ i

Srreform reform

or

convert

.^^v

-/^

(9)

^together or united

,

272

IV

IV

see

IV

go-p

IV

gpp

n-gow

4^ 11

->^^^

great or large

surname,

(93) I

I

^

branch

yaw

I

/t„„

(69)

compare

midday hoong

bundle

1

no-e

' „ catty

(li/glbs)

wo

4 (68)

orifice

*

within j

cup

not

f

271

IV

IV

III

tane

III

gee

tze

(49)

^^

•^

letter

(am

heaven

9 fn to

yexju-e

n

1 1

n m a.m.

(39)

"^ child

cheen

gee

9k (31)

^

^^ opposite-

opposite-|

^^ ^^^

reverse or turn over

yow

delicate

or

friend

for

1

(86)

korn

^^^

husband

iX^

(37)

big

hiin

dog

foo

5t

to

owe

_^^^^^

^

shield

^

(7)

in or at or

on or of

r

(44)

corpse

fra?/

(88)

^^

mountain

see

(37)

^^ water y^^^

'

(24)

ye

great or

heem

1000

of

voung

tie

\ih

_^^

I

foo

^ ^^

-*^'4

(24)

^ I

father

^

a (49)

one's self

270

HI

chee

HI

III

gow

t

ro

tblldw

K

'41

tunc

loni;

mawng

ijigh

(8)

^^

arrow

yar

to die

yin

% (3)

^V

M'urtlier .^further

y \^

also

cheen

^

char

X (41)

Zi.

cho-e

(29)

X^

foriv

sarm

it

i

(64)

(1)

material

zye

three

chay-ung

(6)

"*^

give

(ii

)^

II)

feet

f

269 II

II

II

kwing f

lick

/J pow t

a limit

/ligr/i

(1)

two

one

kwan f

»— (20)

(8)

to infold

to

pxin

cover

(21)

(15)

spoon

a cover

yun

t

ice

X

(22)

a chest

A-i

•" bench

hom f

t

;l

I

pass through

(9)

(3)

man

point or a lord

peat

f

J (10)

yop

(4)

; yeet

a left stroke

f

u

(23)

to conceal

(17)

receptacle

dough

sup

t

ten

6 (&)

'

to enter

hart

Z. keet

curved

f

A

+ (24)

f

A

man walking

U TV

(2)

chee-oo

yun t

fong t

c

(7)

tow*f

mick f

peek f

L

j/o(

'"'

strength

n

ye

77

(18)

knife

(12)

eight

(6)

J

a barb

* as in tower.

=

these Chinese characters are not perfect separate characters in themselves; they are RADICALS are only used in combination with other signs, as parts of characters; (i. e.) they are not spoken, neither are they written alone as such.

t

and

31

268

EASY LESSONS IN CHINESE WRITING. The Ibllowiug 1000 wonls have been for I,

sake

the II,

III,

under stroke headings. These

of practice

etc.,

at

top

the

of the

necessary to form each character. in

large

in

the

ordinary

carefully selected

We

and are arrano-ed

Roman Numerals,

columns show the number of strokes haveu given the character written out

type aud in small printed type so as to aid the student not only

art

of writing Chinese characters,

Chinese type.

It

is

but also in

really aualagous to our

the

art

of readiu"'

native primers which

give not only the large type but also the small type.

Opposite each Chinese character will be found a small numeral; this a

key to the Radical

dictionary.

is

under which the word will be found in the Chinese

Serious students would do well by attempting the verification of

these words both as to "stroke" and Radical number.

267

UTENSILS. A crockery,

chest, measure, mortar, spoou, knife, bench, couch, clothes,

dishes,

tiles,

napkin, net, plough, vase, tripod, boat, carriage, pencil,

bow, halberd, arrow, dart, axe, musical reed, drum,

QUALITIES.

Color, black, white,

seal.

yellow, azure, carnation, sombre-color,

high, long, sweet, square, large, small, slender, old, fragrant, acrid, perverse, base, opposed.

ACTIONS. To to

walk,

to

encircle,

to

see,

reach

to

to

enter,

to follow,

to touch,

to,

to

walk slowly, to arrive

at,

to stride,

to overspread, to envelope,

to stop, to fly,

to establish, to overshadow, to adjust, to distinguish, to divine, eat, to speak,

to kill,

to

fight,

to oppose, to stop, to embroider,

to owe, to compare, to imitate, to bring forth, to use,

to

promulgate.

PARTS OF THE WORLD AND DWELLINGS; FIGURES: MISCELA

LANEOUS. retreat.

inch,

a

motion;

A

city,

mile, self,

desert, roof,

without,

cave,

gate,

not,

den,

field,

door, false,

portico,

mount, one,

hill,

two,

valley,

eight,

rivulet,

ten,

cliff,

eleven, an

a scholar, statesman, letters, art,

wealth,

myself, father; a point, wine, silk, joined hands, a long journey,

print of a bear's foot, a surname, a piece of cloth.

266 14 Strokes.

(209)

(210)

m

hay

Tm^ chetje

The nose

(201)~HB*

Even, correct.

(202)

(203) Strokes.

15

(204)

The

dice

(211)

Strokes.

12

icdin/i;

Yellow

^{^

.^/(c

Millet

^.

/i««

Black

cheye

To embroider

^

teeth 13 Strokes.

16 Strokes.

(212)§||/u»<7

A

dragon

(213) ajl^ y«?^e

A

tortoise

A

flute

ye-uck

(214)

The meanings attached they

are

useful

.alike

A

froj:

(206) lEl (/««

A

tripod

(207)

(208)

to the

the

to

(205) jSj^ min

above

^

hoo

A drum

./,e

A

RADICALS have been

mouse

thus classified,

general reader and student as they show the

kind of words denoted by the elementary figures.

PARTS OF BODIES. eye,

ear,

skin,

nose,

Body,

head,

corpse,

hair,

down, whiskers,

mouth, teeth, tusk, tongue, hand, heart,

wings, feathers, blood,

flesh,

talons, horns

ZOOLOGICAL. Man, woman,

child,

horse,

foot,

hide, leather,

and bones. sheep,

tiger,

dog,

hogshead, deer, tortoise, dragon, reptile, mouse, toad, bird, fowls,

BOTANICAL. bamboo,

sacrificial

MINERAL.

Herb, grain, herbs,

rice,

moon, evening, time.

ox, hog,

fish, insect.

wheat, millet, hemp, leeks, melon, pulse,

wood, branch, sprouts, petal.

Metal, stone, gems,

METEOROLOGICAL.

face,

salt,

Raiu, wind,

earth.

fire,

water, icicle, vapor, sound, sun,

26r

(185)

g

..oiv

26

(154)

^^

lioo-e

263

123)

—f^.

If fin- II J I /J

Sheep

109)

[124)^^ eye

Wings

n2b)^lo

Aged

[126)

^fn

Anil,

[127)

-^^

ye

loij

[128)_H-?/e

(129)

130)

^^ fi^

lut

iiook

[130)^yoo/tt ^31) |-^

A

109) PB

A

Self,

(133)

"^

gee

To extend

134)

p^

koio

A

(135)

1*1

sheet

The tongue

^136)

aTIC

r/(t'(Vi

An

(139)

ft

A

111) "^r-*

cJiee

An

set

A

spear

arrow

>^|

stone

113) 17I\ she

To admonish

113)

jjj«/(et

To admonish

114)

Kf

To

115)

TT^

116)

y\^

117)

»

minister

rhec

^^

mow

?/ow

cr-eep

««"•

Grain

Flesh

El

(138)

The eye

Flesh

sun

IJI j'o;g

t

pencil

[132)

(137)

„,oo/t

The eye

110) ~Jt ^

112)

ear

A

»-oo/-

still

plow

An

H

A

from

error

boat, a vessel.

Perverse

sic/t

Color

cave

To stand up

^"/^

6

to

mortar

knn

A

yiit.

2G2

(93)

^^p.

vpoip

261

(62)

J^

quore

260

(31)

new-,1

1

259

A

OR DETERMINATIVES.

LIST OF RADICALS, RELATIVES,

Those formed with

(8)-^

toil'

A

/V

yun

A man 2

(9)

'^

yun f

)

11

yuii

(11)

yl

yop

To euter

(12)

y^

bart

Eight

\~\

kwing

To

cliee-oo

A

point, a lord

peet

A

left

pass through

-^

A man walking 4)

(13)

korn I

A man 3)

(10)

Stroke (of the pen).

Oue unity

• ijot

1)

(9)

1

cover

A

limit

/

Curved,

-y ^•^

O

I

km

t

4—k

niick

Form

ailopted

To cover when used

in eorabination.

7)

ye

a

horary

character

A

barb hooked

2 Strokes.

(14)

stroke

Two

258 or

easy

less

be

to

until

identified,

tiie

wholly pictorial

impossibilities of a

language gave place to the phonetic system upon wliieh the present characters

Thus the ancient Chinese drew

based.

are

which they designated a

sound by

number

limited iu

of vocables,

intonation, did duty in

MAR

aijiiie:

etc.

By

thus

gent

P

sign

—

mouth

and picture

added a

givii'ff

origin

RADICALS

—

,|fi

mar

Ri| nwuth-horse i.e.

sets

many

of

airsc;

to

jj^ to

to

the parts

is

differences

insect

7J^

—

MAit

of

the

—

'^

each to the

insect-horse i.e. locust;

^^

distinguished

word which we

JQ woman —

and we get jl^ woman-horse

curse;

head of a led

of the above as

Chinese

add the sign

wood

t/ie

character on the left of the

add the sign

g^

fish

left i.

e.

fish-horse

add the sign

—

of the word

mother; i.

a forest,

becomes

in

like

manner by appropriate

^^

dense, or obscure.

jW '''western

radicals.

prawns

radicals.

a small class of so called "ideographic" characters where the

nation man".

^ man

The student

^ is

west,

^

^

tree,

country combined

also referred to the introductory

note to Lesson I and he should familiarize himself gradually with

214

e.

I^

became the phonetics of other

sense of the component parts yields the sense of the whole; e.g. jdl^

add the

wood-horse i.e. head of a bed.

cases these composite characters

characters,

Again there

horse

a very

witii

mau with

down each

disfitifiuishiiig

g.

add the sigu

jade-horse, i.e. agate;

Iu

e.

^

add the sigu

But

mail

spoken language for other ideas as mak tnolher;

tiie

then

and

horse,

have denominated

^

,f]^

followed that the sound

it

mar prawns; mar

MAii a locust;

for Mak,

sign

viz:

/lorfi',

the phonetic system the Chinese wrote

MAR

,^

a rude picture to represent the

all

of the

257

A

combination of Radical 18 and 2

256 although

may

they

know

be classified phonetically. "We

that there are two

hundred and fourteen (214) Radicals, hence the Chinese dictionary may be

said

know

have 214 divisions under which

to

these

that

Radicals

are

kt>ys

as

it

words

all

may

bo found.

We

were, to the language; find the

Chinese key, count the number of strokes employed in making the Radical

and

tiien

count

character (of course Radicals).

Now

let

strokes

additional

the

to

make up

presupposed that the student

is

it

which go

us suppose that the Radical

in

the

word or

faniilliar

with the

we have found

three strokes, and that in addition to the Radical the word for

contains

Radical

six

extra

we would now look up

strokes;

and then look through

all

we

consists of

are looking

the three stroke

the six stroke words in the dictionary

under the given Radical until we found the exact six strokes that constitute the word.

This can perhaps words.

glish

214

heads;

termination

word,

three

be better explained

Suppose that let

us

all

that

of wOiich

are

we

give an illustration of En-

our English words could be classified under

suppose that

age and

if

the the

one of these heads

word we are looking up combination age. (The

looking up being espionage.) "We would now turn valent to a Radical) age.

On

the dictionary page

r-age being a combination of the Radical

im-age

to

the

is is

three

letter

a nine lettered

word that we are

the termination (equi-

we would

age and

1

find the following, letter or

stroke

255

The abbreviations which we present here

—

only

it

,

are

phieed

for reference

not intended to have the student memorize these until he

is

is

familiar with the regular forms.

Some

of the abbreviations * in

R

R

common

R

use are.

R

R

R

R

^

3

^ %

miiHi

% jir

IB

/

'^

II

1^ Column ^

refers to the abbreviated forms.

n

„

*

«

„

„

Summers Handbook

„

regular

„

of the Chinese language.

HOW TO

USE

A CHINESE DICTIONARY. We ing

to

have already pointed out how the

according

number

to the

of

strokes

all

words are

necessary

Radical system. The latter

to is

form

classified, either accord-

a

given

character,

or

the most generally employed,

254

We

reproduce herewith

writing, the

left

a page* showing the six varieties of Chinese

hand column (VI) being the

style of characters

employed

throughout our book and other Ciiinese books generally.

^

2

m

^ i

^>

A V

5^

•A

^

/^^

>e7

4

V

B

Q

B 5t

13

VI

IV

III

El

B

El

B

II

253

The student may

be interested

also

to

forms of writing Chinese characters. This that

language

English

the

we have

it

know

our

Backhand Writing, Shorthand "Writing,

the

Chinese in

abbreviating to

the running

leaving

i.e.

it,

is

The writing.

with.

following

The learning

^ ^ ^ '

s"" I

shic

1

IV

^

^''^

?"!/ shii

]

i

shii

[

]

|fe

^oongj shii

to

decipher certain

chirography

of

the

six

forms or styles of Chinese

plain

other than that in column six

style

—

—

style

their presentation here-

a matter

(soong shii) has been well mastered.

this

form often found on bronze

tablets,

etc.

used for writing pre-

square characters

and inscriptions

is

—

formerly was used

for official

—

a model for good

A

stiff

form of

the

this

—

writing

works are

form though not usually.

running hand

—

used often in business.

I

—

Yj 3^

of

sometimes printed in

(The

^

not ordinarily used in print-

for us to decipher the

Book form

Tlie pattern style

\

shii

by

purposes.

>fT hctm '^.

names

style

until the

faces

f^

is

porcelains, cakes of ink

sliii

III

any

The fanciful

\

die

of

writing

their

are careless in writing English.

the

are

is

no easier for a Chinaman it

Script,

For the sake of brevity

simplify

The student need not be discouraged by

of no importance

II

who

This

style.

Chinese "grass" writings, than of our friends

strokes

that

the smaller dots and dashes giving rise

out

hand or "grass"

ing or in printed works. It

some

many

words of

etc.

six

recall

we know

Type, our Roman Type, our German

our Old English

writing

when we

not so strange

written in several forms. For

is

some

that there are

\

free it

running hand known as the "cho" or "grass" is

an abbreviation of the "harn shu"

viations are so varied according to the

that

whim

;

style

these abbreof the writer,

sometimes an educated Chinaman cannot read them.

f|^g elegant

form

—

these are the characters used

ing which was invented about 900 A.D.

in print-

252

RULES FOR WRITING CHINESE CHARACTERS. The following

may

rules

be observed in the writing of Chinese:*

1.

Be;iia cither at the top or on the left-hand side.

2.

When

angle, 41

.

An

made

made

or rad. 2

4.

IS,

radicals

is

first.

affixed

is

made with one

is

the left of

to

19, 26, 29, 39, 44, 49,

the angle

it,

105,

124,

129,

stroke, and

is

made

178,

first.

183,

it

In radicals 13, 20, 34, 35, 36, 76, 122, 130, the angle

An

angle

it

be

alone,

bottom

the

at

be joine

or

top or right side open,

206.)

radicals 19, 24, 29, 32, 33,

(cf.

is

second.

4. if

first,

angle at the top on the right side

unless rad. In

be written

&c.)

4:i,

3.

perpendicular or dash cuts a horizontal line ur one leg of an

a

latter are to

tlie

—

The characters

this rule;

tlie

(cf.

in

on

the

radicals

which -Sr

angle on the

left

is

is

also

made with one

stroke,

perpendicular on the right, leaving the

to a

1

left

17, 22, 23, 28, 38, 45, 46, 49, 90, strokes)

(five

made

first;

occurs are exceptions to

then the angle on the right;

the points, next; and the horizontal, last. 5.

The angles

'^

and

in

L-

P^

'a

door'

are

made

first

on each side

respectively. 6.

Horizontal

but should

the

lines precede perpendiculars,

when

these cross each other;

perpendicular terminate with the base line, then the base

line is final. 7.

In

such characters as the radicals 42, 85, 77, 141, 197, 204. 211,

the perpendiculars 8.

the 'a

above, or in the middle of the symbol, are made

In such characters as left

is

kingdom,'

to

be written

^

'a

p first;

garden,'

is

'mouth'

(rad.

:!0.)

the

perpendicular

and the interior of such characters as filled

first.

up before the base line

is

on

^

written.

251

Thus we

how

see

understood that

it

the

nor

characters

given

,

originally

words were employed. Of course

it

is

not a simple matter for the student to thus classify

is

is

it

necessary for him to attempt

to

do

We

so.

have

the above illustrations to enable the student to grasp the idea as to

Chinese characters. It

well

is

for

the student to

know

that there are eight strokes used in

forming Chinese characters.

(1)

(2)

mm

(3)

(4)

:k

a point

deem

(5)

a horizontal line

whart

I

a perpendicular line

s jick

J

a hook

^ dee-oo

250

Some

other metaphorical character are

^

tawng

M

sun

^ ^

nut

are

ters

under as

a

it,

=

linll

used for MOTHER.

is

to raise for

(6th

class

found

a

= the sun ascending = a house for wife.

hun

The next

=

and

one part gives

the class under which most charac-

is

Phonetic

called

is

to flourish.

Phonetic)

,

because,

own sound

its

tranquility.

for

to

in

tlie

classed

character

the whole figure, and thus acts

symbol of sound merely. This part does sometimes convey also

symbolic meaning as well as

its

sound.

The number

its

of really useful phonetic

characters amounts to about one thousand and forty. These

when

unitcil

to

the 214 radicals produce from fifteen to twenty thousand derivatives.

Class

py

kay

= one's

ing words

Phonetic.

6.

—

self

of

all

^ remember, kay = kay = record,

bB kay

]^

^

to

„

,,

„

= a square —

„

„

„

"self" and "heart".

„

„

"self" and

of

all

''silk"

(knotted

this character is the

common

part of the follow-

which are pronounced fawng.

^ enquire, being a combination of fawng ^ to set /"aaingf

follow-

used to record events).

silk originally

gfe

tlie

being a combination of "self" and "words".

fear,

ing words

part of

which are pronounced kay.

to

~^ fawng

common

this character is the

to

"a square" and "words".

free,

„

„

„

„

"a square." and "a blow".

4^r«u,ng=}'^j;;^;;^g«'-}

„

„

,

„

"asquare" and "earth".

j^

^ "dt

= a room, kwoo = ancient — ^auwg

„

fcwoo

= firm,

„

„

this character is the

words each one of which ffl

„

is

"a square" and "a dwelling".

common

part of the following

pronounced kwoo.

constant, being a combination of "ancient" and "an en-

closure".

*J

fcitioo

= matron

,

lady

,

being a combination of "ancient" and "woman".

249

Some

^E

other ideographics are

pie

(two bands)

=

—

together in salutation sut

'I^fil

^

l/ea

—

"to salute" also

•

the Chinese clasp their hands

means "to

visit".

= (heart and blood) pity. = (roof, man and dark) night.

The next

class (4th, Antithetic)

the

antithetic

significations

are

however not

which are attached

apparent in

so

shows by the inversion of the figures,

the

them. These inversions

to

modern character

as in the ancient

wherever the original elements of a compound are sought

hieroglyphics;

for, the ancient

form must be consulted.

Class 4.

Antithetic.

Ancient form

(^ Meaning

hand

right

^ left

ii 88 hand

l^F

continue body body turned

to cut off to

Modern form

;^

yfc

Iff

H

#

Pronunciation

yow

jaw

dim

high

sun

^ yun

(phonetic)

The next ding,

as

well

class (5th,

as

Metaphorical)

is

more important. All

more numerous than the prece-

particles

and

proper

names are

included under this class. Class

Ancient form

Modern

^

form

Pronunciation

Q

0\

mind

Meaning

Metaphorical.

5.

character

j^^^^^

some

to

fn\

imprison

peace

^'2)

^(3)

^(4)

chee

chow

orn

4^

^

the world

ancient

^(5)

.^(6)

sigh

kwoo

(phonetic)

1

2 3

4 5 6

= = = = — =

—

used as in English; mind, disposition. this is the common word for heart a child under a roof, meaninR properly to produce, but commonly a character. in prison, to impkison. a man in an enclosure teakquilitt. a woman under a roof sitting quiet at home, PEiCE

—

—

—

thirty years, a generation, this generation the woeld. the figures for ten through ten generations ancient. ten and mouth

—

—

248

The second

(Sitjnificalit'e)

class

includes

ning by their very form or composition.

those which indicate the mea-

,

24 T

HOW The writing

TO WRITE CHINESE.

of Chinese characters

plishments one could imagine. so

as

difficult

that

it

With

the detail well grasped

would appear. Moreover

it

it

not quite

is

possesses a great advantage in

it

provides mental gymnastics quite unequalled by the learning of any

known

other foreign language

Although there are native dictionary

,

said

our possession a written

iu

world's

of the

third

inhabitants.

be some forty thousand words in the Chinese

to

more than ten thousand of these words are used

scarcely

even by savants, so that

know

one

if

three

Chinese

thousand

four

or

one will have quite a working number of words in one's voca-

characters,

We

bulaiy.

and puts

us,

to

comprehended by almost one

language

have already spoken on page

by strokes and

their

classification

symbols employed

guage. Chinese characters Significative;

express

to

may

1

we

will

the

attempt to give a brief sketch

sounds

and syllables of

this lan-

be divided into,* First, Hieroglyphic; Second,

Ideographic; Fourth,

Third,

about the formation of words

,

under 214 Radicals. Before giviug the

rules for writing Chinese characters, of the

one of the most fascinating accom-

is

Fifth,

Antithetic;

Metaphorical;

Sixth Phonetic;

The following

are illustrative.

Class

^^ CE) ^

J)

Ancient forn,

Meaning

Hieroglyphic.

1.

sun

Modern form Pronunciation

moon mountain eye

^^ ^ ^^

child horse

fish

^ M M

g

^

^|

^

yot

yiit

sarn

inook

mar

gee

zye

teeth

tree

^^ mook

M chee

(phonetic)

Some ~J"

1(1

chiin

of the other hieroglyphics are

dun

=

a nail

= a stream

^

kun

how

=

= a

a

bow

mouth

^ ,ti\

= =

jun for

a well

fire

^

y soo-e

or

= water.

SFxrrioN

IV'.

245

^ ^^

(1)

I

Imperatii-e

\

templated.

(2)

[IwiJ

la

Same

(3)

P^

kay

Particle

„

H^

(

adds more ivlensiiy to the direction.

it

denoting possession or the possessive case.

Same

as above except that

it

deuote.s

more

infensify, earnestness

.

or indubitableness.

Almost always an nay

(7)

iW

are

(8)

pY

are

(9)

PH

lay

(10)

P|l|

lay

as responsive;

inlerrngative particle:

is

it

it

very rarely used

is

employed when the question

Same

as above except that

Same

as

it

is

is

finished.

rather more intense.

the two preceding, except that

it

very intense or

is

utiqtiaiijied.

An

ajfii'mativc particle.

Also \

p3fe

as above except that

.

^

(11)

coii-

lore '

(6)

is

Responsive particle or that used in answering questions.

(4) RS| laio

(5)

employed whoii change of place

particle

la

may

an

affirmative

particle,

though more

than the

intense

preceding

1

Tliis

\

is

particle

very

not so

is

frequently in use; generally

though occasionally

ivterroiiatioe,

it

is

responsive:

it

it

often

conveys an idea of disapprohation. (12)

P^

jet

(13)

P|};

(jee

I

Restrictive particles often used

'

very rarely in questions:

A (14) Pll f

particle

tlie

with that idea iu answers, and

characters are similar as to meaning.

conveying the idea of doubt;

used

in

answer

to

iitiar 'I

questions as well as iu direct propositious.

A (15)

(16)

B^

P^

eye

bore

(17) B0f ore (18)

RM mar

(4)

.

desiderating

and

where

it

particle, is

most usually employed

intended to convey

f

the speaker.

I

Admonishing or directing particles

'

in

An

the idea as a

—

desire

on

in

questions,

the

part of

not however so intense:

command.

interrogative particle.

and (16) are sometimes employed together.

20

244 To labor

tr

T

for

—


koovg

)

To row

tX

To go fisbing.

wages

Work

tr

(lf
H

y«

-

tr (Mar

j

!

Fish

(a boat).

—

dfior

To tbresh.

I

^ffi jay-uiiff}

Row

tr

To wheel about.

dhar

1

Grain

tt; wnr I

To go banting.

|^/ar;i

Rtturu

^

Wheel

'

(7aiy

To turn about madly. (fhar

—

^

ie

Upset

^j

cloup/i

Invert

^JT"

To wedge

:}X ^''C'

^

(/eem

/.oon*;

|§

leep

I

j

Hunt

To go tiger banting.

tf

rfAar

-

^

Zo

Old

/oo

Tiger

in.

~

jl^

j

)

I

To sboot birds.

Wedge

To make an obeisance.

;gt

tJ" iikar

To bow

To throw slang shots.

^7

dhar

—

^

/ay-Hci

A

,^

?iee-oo

Bird

magpie

243 To invade a territory.

^ j^

—

dhar day

>^ fawng

To strike one until the

Ground

^

dhar

—

Square

pj

c/m<

Out

hill

Blood

ifll

To gain a victory.

:J=X

^

dhar yen

\

—

\

Victory

To whip one.

^ ^

)

Defeat

I

dhar To

:JX

^^'a»'

^

see

—

^

I

Defeat

buy

To box.

^

dka7-

^^

kun

— I

\

^

— kill one.

'^'""'

—

see

Die

J/U7J

Man

7n«n

Life

To strike one another.

gow

Teach

dhar

—

0i5 see

Master

i^

say-ung\ Together

^

dhar

To cane one.

—

dhar

—

j

To fight.

^

Intercourse

grow To fight

^

Die

Fist

The boxing master.

^^

^ ^ ^

bill one.

I

To

:fX

—

j

j

To suffer defeat.

:}X d^^ar

Whip

i(?a«

To suffer defeat.

^1) shu

(civil war).

^

dhar

—

1^

5"""

Household

Arms

"j^ /ore

li^ quone

)

Stick To fight (general war).

To discbarge a gun.

tX

'/^'«»-

j|;-g

;90M>

tX

dhar

[

— I

Shapp

'^chay-ung\

Gun I

Unable to fight him.

blood runs out.

weapon

P§- ung

Not

"^ ^ow

Enough

fg

Ao-e

I

242

JH_ f.winj

;^

pool:

To

feel

<'/'<"

—

Wiud

^

I'ar

(cl)

Stormy

^

/«7y

Theatre

-

tJ" ilhar ^jj^

:JX

the poise.

^

i^ mean

Cotton

^

Flower

A blacksmith.

To forge (a document).

:JX

—

<'/*«''

1

far

tx

-


I

iiiul

\

Unfair

Pulse

wahn lawless

To paint ones

^

To cleanse cotton.

To play a comedy.

Boisterous weather.

face.

^-

Iron (

I

Hand

sow

To engage or induce by

/«H

j

Powder

To ring the

bell.

^J

dhar

—

^g

choonrj

Bell

presents.

To beat the gong To paint ones

tT

^

dhar

i

weaji

\

face.

^

dhar

]!Ǥ

hoo-e

—

— '

Face

To hatch

Goug

artificially

^

jow

Hand

A

a thief.

Drum To play at cards

To strike somebody.

/\

y!(H

I

To

Man

pilferer,

:JX

«^^«''

—

Q

bart

White

strike.

Meet

^ ^

ow

)

To

'/Anr

Wound

^

dhar

—

^

/arn

Rice

4^

charn

Meal

A beggar.

To strike so as to cause a swelling.

tX

df'dr

^g

choong

I

I

Swelling

Paper Card

j{^ pip

]

To play at cards.

To live like a parasite.

tX

^ee

dentally

beat

To hurt.

—

acci-

chawng

^

f/Aar

tX

t^Ao'-

^^<"-

—

^

^ane

Heaven

yL

^010

Nine

To perform mass.

^ ^

—

^J\ chow

Autumu

^

Wind

/oonjr

tx

dhar

I

— A

chee-oo

mass

To perform mass.

:JX

'^^«''

^

jeye

— I

\

A

fast

241 To strike

:|*J*

dhar

—

jj\^

fore

Fire

dhar

^y

^

I

j('Hi

To To strike

—

iff dhar

To turn

"fjj

level.

I

)

Market

see

To come by a sedan

flre.

^7" dhar

^y

To go to the market.

To turn over things.

flre.

chair.

—

dha 'lar

SigQ of tlief

^

~f~"

Even

p»>i

jay-uck To sink a ship.

infinitive

ore

Fire

To extinguish

vwoo

^y flre.

Dark

^^ chum

Sink

^

Ship I

To take

off

Sedan chair

^

lo-e

Come

J

|

\

|

«M7!

kee-oo

To gape, to yawn.

—

dhar

^^

ones clothing.

—

^y dhar P^ my

^

Cry

Dew

/o

To sneeze.

Fire

'Xf'vre A stone

cutter.

^J

dhar

—

^

set

Stone

K

^

To take

f

Ij

A master silversmith.

"^

dhar

—

^

ngun

Silver

P^

To break.

^y

dhar

—

f^ hoy

Open

P^ moon

Door

Instructor

f^

^

—

^

_;a
(cl)

^^

r!_<7UH

^

/«i?i

f

=

Silver Circle

phonetic.

soo-e

j

Fragments

ointment.

^ dhar

Break

/(/»'?;

To smash.

To

^^

Sneeze f

To open door.

To apply a plaster or

the neck.

hut

look

^rR «««

To make a silver ring for

—

:fy dhar

off clothes

Man

yun

Flesh color!

chet

dhar

—

'^

ko

Ointment

^

ye-orck

Medicine

ify dhar

^

1^ paw

open by force.

—

I

To rend I

To break like grass. To draw water.

i^

split, to

dhar soo-e

Water

'^

dhar

B

^""

1

— To

fall

ruins

in

240 To sole shoes.

—

239 To

To bring together.

^

neem

Bring

^^

clieye

Orderly

^ ^

^

lo-e

-

^

Buy

>}y

m. f^

^

Sign of dut past teuse

Fall

/ori-

Down

EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF THE VERB tJ- DHAR.

To

sail to.

.^

sip/j

Sail

;t||

my

Close to

«u»

Letter

/o-
-

^

/o-e

-

^^

(/«
Make

^^

f/M?i

Secure

^IJ dough

Reach

^

-

^

lo-e

-

;pB"

lo-e

f'/ia*"

chee

Tooth

n-git

To

bite

To dress.

—

Sign of past tense

To press, to constrain,

^

^ ^

c/i(?e

Dwell

lo-e

-

^

t/m/i

Calculate

TF

jun

Right

^

Zo-e

-

To put things

g

cAar

Examine

HL

;'m

^

/o-e

To light

^Sg chawng

Dress

True

^g

c/ior

Wrongly

-

:^

lo-e

-

it

To

deem

To set things loosely.

up.

light

Sign of the

^

^^ j

To

plait

^

To walk, to come by land.

^ ^

wrongly.

Dress |j^

I

jay-uck infinitive lo-e

-

To calculate.

—

^

dhar

Strike

lo

Road

S

sun

Reckon

lo-e

Come

:JT dhar

in

To examine thoroughly.

iSy

««»•<

To plait the cue.

p^

-

lo-e

To put things aright.

I

barn

heart

Rob

chay-ung

dough

'pjj

j-g ciiew-e

dhar

d^^ar

)

Pursue

jew-e

strike, to beat.

To grit the teeth.

tr j^

]p 1p

j^

strain

:J7'

Send

To reach or obtain by pursuit,

to hurry.

"Jf^

17a!/

To have obtained by robbery.

(K)

To

^y

^

lo-e

letter.

To have things ready.

-

lo-e

down

date

To obtain by purchase.

~

To send a

down.

fall

^ ^

Scatter

Odds and ends lo-e

-

To divide, to separate.

^ fun If^

hoy

A

part

Open

238 To come ap.

fX

Walk

harn

4j

•J" /'oo-e

Go

^

-

lo-e

To move

^

kiwng

I

Urgent

^

/o-e

j

To

^ '(pj]

%

inside.

side.

Put

fawng j«<

Asiile

lo-e

-

To place

it

'^

«/
^

lo-e

Carry

sail.

(

Sail

\

To awake.

erect.

^

«un

M

lo-e

Awake I

I

To contain, to store.

boon i

Ay";*

)

Move

1^

rfujigr

Act

Inside or

-^

Aat/

Stand erectl

,

enter

I

^

;}q2

To put on one

Down

liar

Pursue

—

-e

To come down.

~J\

korn

lo-e

To carry.

in a harry.

Up

_t. say-imp

^

To be

jo-e

I

To hold

it

fast.

jg>ar

Hold

Brin

'^

c/iee

Dwell

^

lo-e

-

To bring ont.

-

/o-e

j

^ pow ^

Race I

-

/c-e

Jf^ law

pj

c/iH^

Out

^

lo-e

-

Store

To gallop.

-

/o-e

^ ^

To

sit

down

I

Phrases shewing the use of verbs ending IN

safely, to be

^.

I

To

call

him.

R4 %-oo

Call

'[^ ^o-e

Him

^

-

/o-«

firmly seated.

^ chaw j

%M.

^

Safely

/o-e

To run.

with one. i

kun

^g

n(jaw

Me

^

/o-e

-

Sit

"'""

To follow me, to come

^

To write nicely.

Follow

^ ^ ^

jat/

^

/io

Good

^

/o-
-

To consider thoroughly.

^

chow

Run

/mi,'

Up

ja chun

True

/o-e

-

^

-

1

To turn things over.

say-nng Think

/o-e

To come at this time.

Turu

^^farn

To send a man.

Write

!^

At the

j

"^

^ ^

sign

Seiul

»/«n

Man

^o-e

-

^ ^

Turn

^^

j

c7(M)(

time of

f

'1^ Jie

Quick

I

^

-

a

f/(«n (

/o-e

rouud

-

lo-e

237

^

farn

Return

j

^^

^

)

lo-e

say-ung] Think

Walk

^

m)/

i

-

^

io-e

j

Buy

-

)

To pole (a boat). To come down.

>^

lork

^

lo-e

Descend

^

choio

^

lo-e

m- chaij-ung\

To bring,

ij^

»ic«/n

^

/o-e

Take

i

To carry on a pole across the shoulder.

The palm of the hand

-

Copy I

To purchase.

To come, to approach.

i^ ham

To copy.

To meditate.

To return.

i]3

darm

Carry

j

:^lo-e To

^E

hay

^

lo-e

rise.

1

I

To run.

^ ^

cAow

)

I

To pursue.

^

(/or«

1

^

lo-e

\

R^

««^

^

/o-e

^

lo-e

)

^ ^

(/te )

lo-e

^

Aay

^

/o-«

To make money in trade.

^

I

To row.

Carry

:^ jow

-

^

(to

j

Row

-

;o-e I

To

have received).

Send j

^

_t. say-ung\

Up

^

-

j

Seize

?ook

To pluck.

To ascend.

/o-e

seize.

-fi^

^

/'^''

Pluck j

-

/o-e I

To

To descend. I

lo-e

-

/o-e

fetch, to get.

Profit

li, i"'-"

^

Carry

I

-

-

To bring.

Credit I

j(^ to-e

\

To send

credit.

To carry between two.

Itivite I

Pursue

To buy on

invite,

grn c/ran

Run

-

lo-e

To

Rise

-

~[i[

Down

har I

^

)

/o-e

-

i

To make presents, to bring with.

5^

sooii(]

^

lo-e

I

Accompany

-

To drag along.

To come forth or out.

yj

chut

\

Out

^

Drag

law I

e

— 28

236

^ ^

geep W!/

i

m

Roll

^

I

;^

Leau

fye

— I

To nnite.

^

Hide

door I

\

—

^

chow

M

'"y

I

Run -"

i

Join

/i7ri

To put

I

—

^my I

To get the whole.

^ ^

!

To run away.

I

mi/

-

'"y

Jg my

To lean apon.

:^

rule

To hide away.

—

^my

A

force

np.

roll

kirn

I

Inn

—

1

To

^

Clasp

\

in together.

^

/reen

)

JH

W)t/

'

Put

—

Seize

rfou7

To grasp.

I

—

">y

j^jar

\

Grasp j

To

collect together.

To

set

j^my

—

To contract, to shrink,

rights

to caddie np.

m To obtain by theft.

Steal

j^

VERBS ENDING IN

]

Shrink

I

To

— )

sook

Mmij

I

^ my

(./)

I

to

pool

f]^ tow

live with.

Live

chee I

•il mi;

— I

in their

To put things

^.

proper place.

^

I

lo-e

.

To come, to go towards, to induce, sometimes used to ^ipress the imperative

mood.

^

tick

M.

"'y

-'oy

Write

\

Arrange ~~

\

To put

To write.

^1

To shore up.

To encroacb.

To clasp.

7^ yop

M

'"y

in.

Enter I

of

-

235 Together with.

[^

With

toonff I

—

Jg my

]

To

^ ^ my

hawng

bar

j

^ my

)

^1 my

)

I

:}^ part I

ig

?«2/

4i^
—

^my

To

jg;

I

;^ wy

—

S

'"2/

big

^

»'y

j

j

Tie

]\% sow

preserve.

Put

^

—

^my

i

Heap

^

—

i^ my

)

—

To give

^^

—

^ my

/wy

/

•fil

—

^my

lay by

I

— To store up.

1^ f/jee j^ my

Store up

—

To accumulate. all.

Give

-

^ ^ my

cAzci

Collect I

1

—

I

To twist.

To keep.

Press

To

chin

I

Push

hoo-g

Do

Collect I

To preserve.

To posh aside.

close.

)

away, to

store

!

To press upon.

jS

To

—

is^ ?(«o-e

)

— j

To heap up.

fJQish.

<'/w

;^ my

Put away

\

Mix

)

—

1

I

Put

To pat

-T^'«^-oo

I

To mix with.

:|^ ko-e

Tie

To carry aside.

To pat away. :f||

To put away.

tie op.

A-i^/A

1

Keep

—

To

^^ cozo ig my

I

twist

—

)

I

To give ap, to

To join together.

yield.

To connect with, to string together.

^^yea-unpl Yield

M

—

>"2/

\

To gain

•^

Ao/>

^

'«y

Joiu

— )

To

all.

^

Connect

(/((()(

ig my

— ]

close.

To force one into one's plan; Profit

li, i'"""

1

j^ my

I

—

j^

chay

M.

>"y

m

/

J§l

—

»iy j

I

To grasp.

1^

^

iiarm

Grasp

??)y

—

to leave no

way

of escape.

Ruu

Save

-

»'ii

— )

To put aside.

To save (to leave over).

^Ij «wi

Close I

after

te kcorn or pursue

—

ig my I

To collect into one, to make one lump of

To fold up.

m

M

Lump

tihi I

'»y

it.

— \

234 To race.

To mi ap.

{H) VERBS

^

tin

^

"-y

I

m

Fill

IN

-

ENDING

^ pow ^

Gallop

hoo-e

\

\

—

To To pick np.

^ M

Pick up

jiip

^

1

"'i^

—

connect with, aside, in, to, with

\

To get aside.

To ascend.

secrete, to cover, to

I

>"y

bury, to harbor, to come Doar, to approach to, to lay by, to conceal, to

To abbreviate, to

_t

say-ung\

Up

•^

/loo-e

—

I

curtail.

To carry away.

fj

harn

\

^

»>y

\

1^

—

^oy

/

^

sit

chaw

\

sarn

\

dann

Carry away

|

To return, to go away from. bolt

— \

1^

farn

^

hoo-e

\

t^ M. close to.

— I

close,

Sleep

— \

y?em

i

Jt

To deduct.

Close

-

'"y

\

I

To put up, to lay by.

say-wiy]

-^

hoo-e

I

Inr

To send

accompany one.

to, to

Send

^ my

\

^ quarn

—

M. my

Wrap

boic I

'

1

\

Lock

—

-^

^ ^

lo

\

Mix

—

'"y I

Aoo-e

I

accompany

—

To draw, to drag.

To mix.

To wrap ap.

^

to,

bar, to lock op.

Drag I

—

I

1

To

Deduct

Up

—

i^ my

To pull away.

^

Back

Sit

To sleep with or

">y

To

by.

I

I

;|^0

—

To shut np.

^ my —

^J fun

little

\

To

^ my M

M my ^

i

To

pinch, a

Stand

—

'"y

take a

."<'«'

I

To stand aside.

^ ^

To

Walk

^ ^

Drag

tore I

hoo-e

—

]

To mix, to throw into

To take away.

f^

neem

j

Take

To abscond.

confusion.

J^

Mix

hwun

S my

I

I

—

j^ •^


J

Abscond

—

hoo-e J

233 To dismiss, to degrade.

To send

I

^p -^

Dismiss

(jarl

^

kay

Send I

hoo-e

—

\

-^

hoo-e

jo-e

Pursue

2^

hoo-e

—

iP

^

^^e/)

Rob

/ioo-e

—

Suatch

^

—

hoo-e

\

•^

mood

Wipe

/ioo-e

—

I

To clean |||g

5*

peat

I

off.

Clean

—

/'oo-e

I

I

To dig out.

To run away.

To snatch away.

J^ chay-ung\

I

Jj^

—

To rob.

To pursue.

ja

To wipe.

off.

^ jow

Rua I

^ ^

hwat

]

Dig

hoo-e

1

—

To follow.

To pack up.

To carry away.

^j5 neem

Carry

-^

—

hoo-e

^

/aiw^jr

i

Pack up

^ ^

Follow

i-joi I

hoo-e

—

j

To depart. To take

to.

To hold tight ^K. nar

by haud

-^

To forward, to advance.

gg

c/i«e«

-^

Aoo-e

hoo-e

j

Forward

I

—

To arrest. Stolen,

fuij

tow

^

hoo-e

\

Arrest

|1£ ioo^'

•^

gpg c/iu«

Break

—

hoo-c

J-

hoo-e

/

—

To contain.

^ ^

jew-e

I

call

away.

114

%-oo

)

Call

^

hoo-e

\

—

^

J

)^

quore

J-

/(oo-e

Aoo-e

Pass I

^g

^

^ ^

J

To carry.

:p2 kawng

j

Carry

J"

to.

clieen

Move

hoo-e

— ]

/'oo-e

j

—

Destroy

yj« I

/iOO-C

—

I

Bid

—

—

To carry on the back. To move

Contain

—

/(oo-e

To destroy.

To

Walk

To pass over.

To be invited.

charl

/iarn

Steal

To break op.

^

^

To let go.

^

fawiig

•^

hoo-e

Carry ou the back

To I

let

go

—

To take away.

^

^-ee^

-^

hoo-e

To take away I

\

—

232 To carry on the shoulder.

Carry

^. •^

on

To go out.

yj

j

shoulder hoo-e

2"

/(oo-e

wfiarn ftoo-e

^

/V

Enter

'jop I

JCarryouarm To expel,

Push

toy I

ftoo-e

—

\

^

korn

-^

hoo-e

I

Expel

JjJ vwhart Jioo-e

off.

i

Scrape

I

—

^

hoi/

I

Expel

i^i

off;

pool

e.

i

//oo-e

i

0||

1[^ fui

—

j

I

bring

Mix

to carry

to,

J-

/too-e

I

^^

Bring I

I

—

To move to or away.

fly

^ ^

Move

boon I

—

/(OP-e

To carry to or away.

away.

/
tee-oo

1^ -^

Jump

qtieye /ioo-e

To

off.

^

^

-J- /ioo-e

-^

Carry

— I

siah

/(OO-f

^

away.

Sail I

—

Aoo-e

To move

Lend

Dust

|

sail to or

To lend

off.

to.

Move

ye I

—

•2* /'oo-e I

To sweep (as a

^ •^

so i

/joo-e

)

To decoy

floor).

Sweep

—

away.

to.

—

To jomp

I

To dust

— I

<«t'-oo

—

Fly

2"

"^J say-uckj Pare hoo-e

Return

To transfer.

t/(c

f

Sweep

—

hoo-e

I

to remove.

To pare.

^

J-

^

Sjcrete

'"i/

To

^

9u<'^e

Open

out.

-J- /ioo-e

j^

^

I

I

To sweep

— I

to.

To resort

jook

Carry

—

•2" hoo-e

To expel, to drive

^

to.

To return.

To

To scrape

I

Aoo-e

to pursue.

To go

J"

^

loe-e

—

\

To push away.

|i

I

^

To enter.

To carry on the arm.

J"

—

— I

;}5g_

Out

chut

fo'-k

To carry

to

kidnap.

Kidnap

-^

Aoo-e

To pluck up.

^

but

-^

hoo-e

Pluck I

231 To

sell

goods.

230 To have earned nothing bat

ones self into troable.

1^

To have made

to have broagbt

troable,

Imc

Get or catch

I

^

hay

i

'^J dough 'lough

"plj

^

karn

Difficulty

Not easy

|§^ varn

a

flower

garden.

1

Build

To have sawed a tree.

^ "ISj

—

^

/"ar

Flower

HH

(/!H

Garden

Saw

go-e I

dough

j

—

;|^ «ee

Tree

^

Wood

mooi"

To have cot a jem.

To have raised ones self (

70 VERBS

ENDING

^

kay

issae, to issue

"plj

dough

forth or from, to

^

/o-e

Coiue

IJ^

tie

Look

IN

tti-

To

eject,

utter a

to

coin, to go out, to

surpass, to eicel, I

have

to

Jo

—

-^J

Cliisel

(/o//jr/i

)

—

-K

yofe

Gem

JQ^

set

Stone

|g m^

— Display

^chay-ung

Upset

(fane

'PJ dough

Letters

intin

for gold.

To confoand right and wrong.

I

^

)

Staud

Do

i

'/'"'

ttj

1

f//a//t

To have dag

To compose an essay.

M

^

to look.

or

I

^

j

Is or right

see

I

—

-^j dough

^ ^

I

X-;
Gold

sar

Sand

Not or wrong

^^ /ay

chapter

—

Dig

A-wo<

To have fallen to the ground.

To invent (originate; a

To have called

coolies.

good plan.

^

tt^ key-oo

\

say-ungj Thiuk

ttj

-^J dough

-

'/'"<

P^

I

^

ho

Good

ft

9>'y

P'a"

say

New

1

Hear {•

=

phonetic.

-^J

dough

^

jo-e

i^b

'^'"y

Coolies + /ee

peep

]

\

Fall

— At

Ground

)

i

Receive

Blown into the water.

p^

clw-e

Blow

lark

Falklowu

soo-e

Water

—

25 ,

m

— 1

'^j dough

yj rhut

date

To have received a letter.

^

Write

1%

I

„

Rg

To write oat some news.

^

te

Called

Letter

^ ^

229 To have seized upon a

To

fort-

to

seize, to

rule

'^J

^

Get

dill

Cannon Platform

toe-e

^

I

dough -^J

—

)

^

tane

~[\

/tfU

Arrest

|0j dough

—

^

chut

Robber

"^ yum |gj dough

To carry by turns.

1^

Below

to worship

He kneels down the

^

^ jjj^

jam

Store

^^

fa long

Room

To

queye

dough

Kuell

Engage

chnn j

dough

fflj

i^ ^^

\

— Partner

Worship

sun

God

To be

0^

B^

sleeping

^

^

down

Bed

chaiong

M/'o?!^

Goods

^

1^

chaw

\

fflj

dough

jeio-e

1

Pursue

]

— guard

Hindrance

1^ fawng Sedan chair

key-00

to

against.

^Ij dough

\

—

Inside

/(7j;

VERBS ENDING

city.

have made much money.

IN fX

catch, to reach.

to

To provide or

Sit

{E)

/'"'

—

douqh

^1] dough

mol

Emit

Hand

]

in a sedan.

To have reduced a To

sow

To pursue,

Up

To be seated

^ ^

—

J

Buy

my

Eye

ngarn

To reach with your hands.

the bed.

on

Lie

7nzn

_t. «a?/-Mn(;

<*j^

of.

—

^l| dough

^)1

J^

be afraid

to

fear,

To reach ^with your eyes.

6;/)/

1

To have purchased goods.

— j

—

)

for *'

I

^!] dough

j

To have got a partner.

1^

Wheel

lun

spirits.

-

:j^^

—

^1] dough

Rent ]

I

world

-fllj

To have rented a "go down".

Carry

die

Heaven

1

To have arrested a criminal.

|]£ jook

a certain place.

^1] dough

dough

ft

To carry, to bring or to take,

He got the whole empire.

Strike

dhar

-fill-

A sign of the past tense, to

I

—

subvert, to

j

;;^

c/te

Big

^^

rho-e

Wealth

^

.SHJJ

City

yjlj,

chee

Moat

-^J

dough

invert,

to fall

down, to pour from an open

27

228 Not allow one to declioe

an iavitdtioD.

((')

ENDING

VEliBS

ff^

^

mot

^P

kay-uck]

To

To draw, to pull up.

IN

Not

J

^

^'P.

-

^

I

-

kay-uck\

mawtig

)

^P%-;(,-^-i

disdain,

Forget

Ditto.

Forget

,^, /«<

Ue-oo

^P

I

kay-uckl

I

Finish

^P kay.urk\

-

level.

^ pun

Even

^

toy

^P

koy.w-k\

I

kay-uck]

-

I

lift

up.

Lift I

_

/my I

Refuse

-

Carry

(/ie I

-

/'"y

To

j

raise,

J^

koo-e

^

/my

to elevate.

j

j

Raise

-

To carry on the head or

To decline as an

(D)

^ ^

-

To refuse.

To

^P

j

To carry, to wear.

complete and

to

^

—

pat away.

J

-

/my

^ dow

To lorget.

Heart

ff^ some

To

Draw I

To

dislike, to feel averse to.

^P

wham

VERBS ENDING

g^

top of a thing.

Decline

chee I

^^P kay-uck\

IN PJ.

office,

Carry

-

on

dun head I

,

.^1

^j

I

dOugh

To

To pash away.

arrire at, to

reach, to eitend to attain,

to,

=gP kay-uck]

tinished

To know.

^

gee

\

To estimate,

to

^j^

pow

^P

kay-uck{

lee-oo

]

^J

dough

I

Think

—

kay

I

Send

—

^Ij dough I

-

-

To carry on the back, to carry a child "pick a pack".

Til row

—

jj^ garm

^P

i

kay-uck]

chee

^P

kay-uck]

I

may

^

hay

Carry on

back

To pull op (as a flag).

Diminish

;|^ ih(iy

-

^

To remove

^

^

to subtract,

to abbreviate.

To send, to transmit.

^

i

To diminisb.

find oat.

^

[

To throw away.

Kuow

to reflect,

/my

I

at yet, but,

(till,

^

Push

Igf buy

all.

hoy

Haul up I

]

-

To lash, to whip (as a horse).

Remove

^

Inn

-

^

hay

\

Lash

227 To scoop out, to excavate.

-

22C To store,

^

To stow

1

^ To

^

(jar II

fe

1'oy

^ ^

or select.

Elect

\

I

ij^

griisj)

kinii

hay

i

^

/'«y

^

To lock,

^ ^

saw

^

I

/<"y

To

/
Seize

To

-

^i^

tai

^

h"y To

-

^^

To haul, to drag.

u]i

lift

or to load

Lock

I

-

I

leap, to

jump.

the ground).

to chain.

\

seize as

a bird or

beast of prey

-

)

||^^ ice-oo t!r/>

To

\

I

To take up (as a child from

;ftp

-

)

[

To

Jup

to apprehend.

£eiie,

I

take up.

in the hand, to

-

i

Staud

kay

-

f'"y

To take

to choose

^ ^H

Hang

)

erect.

To lean over (half standing).

!

^

7'""'

•|i|*

-

f>oy

elect,

To

to

dress

(

To stand, to stand

To bang, to suspend.

adorn.

to

i

Jump I

-

f'ay

\

To take up with

fingers,

to carry.

stir,

to stir up.

you

Stir

^(5

iieeia

^

fioy

Take I

-

\

To take up by the end of a

xte /"'y

(

stick and fling away.

il^

chaij

^

/my

]

i

Drag

To

-

tie

up,

up to a

to pull

^jt

beam

'^

To annoy.

men when

(as

tortured).

To

dee-oo

lo

j

Take up

J

-

f'oy I

string To carry (as a

I

^

^

^'^'^-00

To vex To hand up, to take up.

J^

I

loe-e

I

To carry with help of another

j

To brush, to wipe,

1^

ful

]

^

/mr/

(

to

^ ^

dust.

Brush

low

hoy

JTo dredge for \

-

^

-

hey I

To carry on a pole across the shoulder.

-

To enwrap, to envelop. [

To pursue,

j^

/corn

fe

H

to

i

I

^B

I

Ate /'«y

after

-

Wrap

'Q (ww

run after.

Run

chair).

:

To

fill,

i

to

To

carry on

pole across |

shoulder

-

^

fill

To

To drink.

darn

up.

—

/"vy I

To

carry

on

a

pole

between two.

load ou

jo-e

"g^

yum

)

^

hay

)

Driuk

—

to

ho'y

fill

ill

jfX. kauiifj

^

''oy

Carry on pole

-

225

224 To follow when going oat

coming

or

J}J o,m

To

live together

j

Follow

I

—

in

the

it

With

koong I

^

gee

\^

r/ntt

A To

i/^p

reflect

i?^«

Out

^^

low

I"

~|^ say-ung

To

kwoo

Buililing

Up

}g

lean

Join

i^

gee

-

I

Before

gq^ cheeu

^

!

the onter part.

reflect

After

hoio

landing place.

j^ wahn

]

^

no-?

Inside

^h

n-goi-e

Outside

Anchor

j

-

ft

gee

XS

'^0".'/'*

Ferry

^


Head

To connect the inner and

and fatnre.

^

—

'ft

upon the past

To anchor at the ferry or

upper story.

in.

I

To stop np a sewer.

^ ^

Stop

sut I

gee

—

]

^

/iarn

Ditch

1^

^oo-e

Sewer

To obstruct the road. To pass on both sides,

To stay

close to a person.

j5i ^"u"

i^

gee

)

Near

\

—

^ jaw

Left

>^

Right

j/ow

^

Pass

geep

^gee

—

m ^

^ ;\J2»

I

»ii(n

People

fome

Heart

^

j^

iean

Sides

I?§ /o

^

gee

To pat

FJI

choong

-

\

^

Tiar

j

Seize

Within

^

Way it

account, to

dun

Account

PJi[ «o

List

woo/:

people from)

jaw

)

gee

\

Hinder

—

To live alone in a lower story.

:^

dook

i^

gee

1^

c/i««

Thief

-gg vwaung

Go

^

H

/a^

Vagabond

^

Come

~f»

Zo-e

to

an account.

Record

g

passing and repassing.

^

Road

Middle

55 iarn

|5fl_

-

it.

Partition

'7ttr<

Ob-struct

dough

iceep

To prevent

To apprehend robbers.

\

Two

Pl^

Pacify

gee

lay-ung

Partition

orn

j

^

)

To pacify peoples minds.

^

/a;vi

I

Alone

I

A-or/:

Loft

//ar

Below

223 To store away goods.

S

cJio-e

ii. gee

Store

away

90O

To live there for a few days.

Few used

^

cfi
it.

'Jf<^

^

ktiij

Shortly

Wipe.

of the Chinese verbs arc used in com-

bein);

singly,

;}:^

with other verbs whose

bin.nlinn

moot

I

H

meaning may

-

proper

Few

It

essential

is

faeility of

to a

^

speeeh that the

student should memorize as m.iny

Day

yot

oi-e

of the subjoined verbs as possible for

they

speech

To

greatly from

differ

Wish.

own.

their

)

live separately in four

are

used

(often

in

times

an arbi-

trary way); a knowledge of these

villages.

verbs

is

a sine

Witness.

every day

in

qua non.

!

^

See

keen

piE chuu

•^ fan ii. [Jtj

lip

\

{A)

-

9''e

I

Witness

Part

VERBS ENDING

Wonder.

]

IN ft.

,.;,Y

Four

/,o)/-«»
Village

JJ]

To dwell, to

Out

rhnt

Wonder

live in, to rest,

to stop.

To

Work.

live together in

)^ /ooH^

ft

— ^

'

To tread on that ground.

With I

-

.9^«

gee

ft

one place.

J§

)

ijot i7iee

darp

One

ft

Place

^

I

it

and

let

it

ft

<7e«

^

mot

[ly

/'"Z/

\

j

S««

ft

?««

Imru

FuUffrowul

mau

Piece Worship.

Ground

To look at the heavens.

I

Exalted

lift

up

^

-(g ko

That

^

Heaven

tane

Many years

Polite

/)!«

—

gee

ft

honored

or

mawnq

Wrap \l^ bow

^

Ao

1

)

up.

Wrap Good

duration.

Write.

"^

(jow

I

Long

—

ft

gee

]

—

Not

^

dough

Much

Word

Walk

i^

neen

Year

letter

Stop

I

jj^ mfl^

fX

^/'00

I

— Open

I

Work [

—

fie

Seal

Not

'/p
kung

I

To stop walking.

[f-

T

I

Hope fang

Do

not

be opened.

^

jo

Step

I^J day Seal

^

^

say

Write or

220 See.

Sign.

Spread out or open,

j^

tarn

\

Spread

-^

H

hoy

'

Opeu

^

cheein

H

)

Stand.

bigu

0J^

Name

^

^ chaw ~J^ har

Steal

to to

\

See

^('CH

'

See

Sit.

\

Sit

I

Down

Select

^

Steal.

fjHU

tie

:J^

seem

'

jart

Sleep.

Sleep

fun

J

Steer.

^

Generally 1

Grasp

speaking

j

^tie

)

Smell.

Smaggle.

Stop Dp.

^p

chow

i

Run

^

see

)

Secret

[

Impede

Study (aloDd)

gg

dook

^

«Aw

(

m ^

c/jfe»n

n<7uii

j

sif/A

^

yin

)

Life

)

*

Send

Come I

/iow

\

Ask

'

Inquire

^

pie /toic

\

Spread

'

Open

Sew.

kawng

Speak

sut

Converse

Language

^

/fin

Shave.

Shine. I

to talk

Shove

Speculate mentally.

to.

off or

open.

Swear

^L

sun

Reckon

1^

toy

J

Shove push

\

Promise

=-[-

kigh

Calculate

^

hoy

\

!

Open

I

Show.

Spoil.

(curse). '^"

'"

/o-e

to.

whar

Money

I

Swear

5l

Spare

Sign

make oath

Go

life.

\

;

Swear,

^ ^

(

^ '^

Speak.

Subscribe money.

^ ^

kay

1^ ye-oo

Study

Book

j

Separate or spread out.

Spare

jaw

^

55 vmn

hinder |Jfl^

/loo-e

Send compliments.

Sound.

Obstruct

Sell I

Send

Stoop.

Body

my

*

1

Rudder

Bend

Select

Sell.

Go 3fll

Choose

)

Curse

sun

Scold

yo

\

Injure Spoil

\^

Give

bay J

tie

(See

219

^ >J<

farn

1

Together

ij^ sow

look or

tie

loy-e

]

farn

"2^ hoo-e

Here

1

Return

'

Go

see

^^

;^

(/uc

'^

'

or

make

Book

shii

or

Receive

c/tee/7

Print.

Recite.

ffj

Print

s/(w

Book

Book

shii

Roast.

^""

^

Recite

Horse

Punctuate. Refuse.

Pg- ung

Row.

To

Do

jo

^

Get

1

Store up

j

Print.

I

i^ mor

chaioig

Book

sliii

Ride

iny

P^

Receive.

^

Ride.

,^

!To

Return

Return (thither).

^

Preserve.

Read.

Return (hither).

Willing

/ii(?

dasb, to)

Jl^chwxv

/»?4

Part

^

ho-e

Sentence

g^

dook

Read

I

bE

^

W

Punish.

Remember

dut

Get

]

or

'^° regulate

Vp

9^^

^

clio-c

I

^«y I

Save.

^

Sin

]

Push.

Remember. Sail.

qE

;

j

Remember.

agitate

Rub.

Not

\

^

Remember]

:|^ toy

Prompt

:f^

or

Push I

yoMwjr

I

Push

J

(

>i^ coio

Put down.

diligent

Repair.

^3& «)7tar Scold.

i^

sow

^^

chutuj

)

Repair

Seal.

fung

"^

f^arH

j

Quarrel

1^

lum

\

Discourse

Request

chun

Quit (a place).

Rest.

Search.

Down

j

Quarrel.

Ask

j3^ cozy Big

/orA

Fix

Request.

noto

•^

i

To take ]

=F

^

pAow

Search

c/iMTO

Seek

^

orn

\

Peace

1^

heel

)

To

rest

leave

^

hoo-e

;

Go I

,

218

^ wham ^

Play with

j

Sport

sar

Mean.

Ought.

Play (amasement).

I

1^ ymi

Shouhl

M%

Ought

^'(^

fit

Ponder

(/^-em i

^ %/t

Explain

I

proper

Mend.

Play (drama).

1^

Owe (money).

Perform

ijin

^ ^ rye

heem

Theatrical

\

hay exhibition

)

Owe

j

^^

Fix

sow I

6o

(goods).

Mend

)

Debt

\

Owe

-fl^

Move.

;^

i-oon

Move

j

Polish.

Grind or j

I

more

I

\

polish

I

A^

see-oo

I

Owe

^

heem

)

Owe

I

^

Pack up.

A

quorng

Ponr out.

light

)

*

vhmn

}ij

chut

^ wo ^

Duty

j

Want

»/e-oo

Must

I

Out

\

yow

^ A

y";*

in.

(of necessity),

jOil

rhut

Must

beat

ijl\

Pay.

1"

1

choong

j

Praise

)

Laud

Return

^

Money

/

I

Request

^ ^

day-oo

petition

I

/ioo-e

j

^

day-oo

^

/o-e

Before hand

Prepare

^

7?!0«

Go

j

)

j^ i^

c7mn^ chick

j

\

Must I

)

Not

Obey.

^

<7nt?i

-11$

?/«

To obey I

)

Conform

Offer (commercially).

^ ^

loharn far

|

i

Return Price

Throw Open.

Come Order.

Plant.

Prepare. \

c/iea«

Throw

j

Pitch here.

Ask

cow

)

j^

Persuade.

Pray.

A

x^un

Pitch away.

Pray

I

Must not (peremptorily).

j^ wharm

Pray.

bay

Varnish

j

Pour

charn

ye

(direct) I

I

%

Straight

i

^

•

Praise.

^

(desiringly).

Paint

c7ium

0f

Must

Gather

sj(jB

Commence

I

Pour

\

Pour

^ RK

I

:^

^

Together

ij^ sow

p^ Aoy

Plant

gj^ /««

Plant

p{>J-

/oo

)

Order

I

To

bid to do

217 Lie.

A

\

fjf whar

Keep.

Big

'^^^

^

Saying

)

To

Heat.

collect, to

sojy

bind

Near

Lift.

^ ^

60

Hot

?/««(!

to or

Help.

?/)!/

close Live (to have

^^

life).

Injure.

sarn

:j^ bawng

^

^^

^aio

Assist

I

Hide.

(by beating).

Kill

saw

Help

|

sun

Lock.

3P

Cook

j

Lock Close (near

ny

'

^ ^

^«n

[@;

Strike

(//((ir I

«ce

Die

(

^

oecret

/

chorng

(to)

Hide

Hire (men). Kiss.

Look.

g^

^

tie

]

X-ee?i

j

Look

J^

cho-e

Near I

Hire (dwelling). \

Mouth

Knock.

M ^

Lose.

•^

c/jMH

See

Loosen.

3^

^

I

/ioo-e

j

"^

!/«m

Go

teuse or reach Laugh.

Jo

~f»

^X

"^

fZ/iar

/iflr

2'OP

Enter

Lay

P

/ioto

Mouth

Down

^ /or

|

]

I

To

Learn.

^^

chew-e

^

Interpret.

'I^

rhin

(

^J

vwhar

(

To

transfer

Language

Join.

Lend.

•^

harp

{

To

join

\ I

c/jM?2

Goods

^^ hawk marry

Hurt

^

Lean.

Marry.

Strike

Import.

Mark

Up

j

say-unt/\

Mark goods.

-H--,

lease

Hurt.

see-oo

;^ fawng

Make.

\

To

Hold.

Sign of past

Lay down (things).

/^E hay

rent

^IJ dougJi

^

/io

j

To

Know

gee

Lower.

^

i

Know.

Love.

-^

io

'"^"^

Lose

s(««

^

wife

Kindred

"fa

^

jcy /ioo-«

Lend

Go

Near "'i/

close

to

or

21! Die.

^

Cross over.

see Dine.

^

sick

Eat

"''''

Big

3jra

<]uore

-^

/joo-e

Over

Go

j

Cheat.

^

'fly

,|g

fie^?i

Deceive

Cry.

:A

^

Choose.

karn

1^

Meal

cJiai'))

To cheat

]

T^

or

To

)

jart

select

Choose

I

Dip.

j^

c/iHm

TJC soo-e

Cry.

Immerse

J

Water

j

P^

Clean.

/'ar;

Cure.

^£

korn

'/^

(•/»<)(

Dry Clean

I

Discharge.

^

i-'hee

•^

/(oo-e

)

j

fun

jXi

]

Part

)

Open

PI hoy-e

Curse.

Go

Divide.

^

Close (cover over).

^«

To part with

Lurse

c'toio

^ mar

]

kum

llj

T^ my

To rebuke

Conceal

j

Clothe.

$^

Cut.

Cover

jay-ork

^ij kort

Comb.

Do. Dare.

Doubt.

.©

^)^

karm

Tiiiok

«ee I

5|ig c?/e

j

Doubt

Drink.

Come. Darn.

^ f<§|

I

io

j

Repair

^n

'^ow

^

cAee

To I

tj

A'o

\

§/p «o

Deduct. Drive.

Complain

Weave

chick

I

To inform To accuse

Confess.

cut from

To remove

p|5 yu7i Copy.

Drop.

jPalf

tjk date

•^

Deny.

lork I

Down

Copy

:|^ c/«ow Pg- ««;;

j

Not

I

Confess

I

]^

pS

2/«"

say

]

Write

Cook.

Drown.

'^ chum

^

see

)

To Die

Destroy.

sink

^ buy ^y

Destroy I

Injure

Count ptf

so

214 Blame.

Brosb.

Baild.

^ ^

hay

^

jarl

g5

/<""'

Reprimand

)

Do

Barn,

jlig

To punish

c/wok

fook

I

Batcher.

]

To

I

Happiness

bless

Avoid.

tawng

)

Butcher

^

st?e

]

Die

1*

To shun, hate,

bo

water.

^

iinin

Well done Barter. f

Kuy

or ripe

With each

Borders apon.

^

Come

/o-e

envy

Ask.

Boil

sook

1

to

*oy

cJioy-e

Buy.* "'i'

To flee from

hay

r§i

Boil in

gtj

^

Even, orderly

rhujh

Blow.

I

^

in

order

I

Bum

^say-ung] Hurt

To put

chun

Bless.

;|JJ,

jl^ see-oo

j

I

Raise

jo

Arrange.

J

J^

Call.

_90u;

)

Contiguous

ffi sa?/-un^

other

^l

Change

icoon

Border

gruy I

To become accustomed

to.

Borrow. *

or

"^

^

CaU.

tt4%-

Borrow

jay I

lo-e

I

Come

I

ii

high

Be

-^

jo

Do

^

quarn

Accustomed

Bow. Beg.

Can.

W ^

Do

jo

Break (a lengthy thing).

I

(/«<

I

May

or can

Jj^

now

1^

to»j

I

Break a Cast np an account.

^

siin

j

To count

|gj[

so

I

A uumber

Change.

viooon

.

•

A compounJ

hut Begin.

Twist I

Carry.

^

fj*

(//if/r

^11

/ar/i

Break vessel.

^ ^

Raise

/(ay I

(ow

Strike

)

Head

Believe.

I

)

Broken

Bring.

^

Jieem

^

/o-e

*

Bring )

Come

Bend.

^p

/fan

rth

roie

To bend I

1

Crooked

verb with the object placed between the component parts of the verb.

213 The student should commit

The verb >iF^

liarn,

to

memory

walk with

to

its

mood and

the words herewith appended which express

various shades and meanings

tense.

given as an illustration.

is also

For further illustration of the use of verbs see subsequent pages.

mood

Subjunctive

Potential mood.

Note:

(If).

Moods and

^ ham ^

Walk

^^

yca-ork\

following.

Sign of potential IS

dui

Imperfect tense.

1

P^

mood

(

tenses are

by employing the

expressed

he-oo

Cdnjugation of the Subjanctive mood.

VERB

^

yea-ork

1^

/»>/*

^^ ham,

TO WALK.

Present tense.

Walk

fT ham

Alphabetical

^

1

^

list

Future tense (Expressing

har

I

inlcination or intention).

Walk

To accuse

P^

[

to

{

I

(feet tense!

or[

£, 5"

i:

fj

/iarH

3i|^

^uore

Sign of

^

I

To add

perfect

1

tense

To

Sign

i

J^

karn

^

go-e

j

j

^

alter

I

Participle (ing).

ki

Walk

Participle.

^

like.

Aar/i

Walk-

kun

lUg

Middle

c/(««^

lo-e

teuse

ff ham

To

of

future

(

To change

Approve or FJl

^say-iuuA

Allow

Alter.

shall).

^jay-ung]

Allow.

]

(I

2.

increase

Proper

ordinary futurity

Expressing

Ei

I

Future tense.

sun

j

Walk

I

jM yun

chee

Perfect tense.

Add.

]

will).

(I

^

trump up]

a charge

(

'-'

Expressing positiveness

he-oo

the iuDOcentf

say-ung

)

Sign of imper-

[

To pinch

^

or

^ ham

Accuse falsely. (

walk

Imperfect tense.

OF VERBS.

^

Perfect tense.

If) gl:

Potential

3

^

^

purpose

AJ^ chee

horn

(I

dut or

r

Intention

mood

Walking

^ P

(May or

P^

can).

otooo-e

i

25

can).

212 duickly.

Therefore.

fff

That which

saio I

^^'

/ I

To

the

j

Quick

)

Clear

f^yiV

oiiil

fjl^

H f that

ileel

Same

Only.

m

-^

karm

I

So

f^

^ ^

Unfrequently.

M

/no

Not

Aay

How

ye

According

chee

The next

'''"''

i

Is

'i

(//f

Order, series

i'K'

marii

If

'Vi

^

wo<

^

c/My

^ 5^

i

Slow

I

Slow

Perhaps I

I

One's

self

the first place.

In

Slowly.

Who, which,

-^

Only

Perhaps.

Regularly.

yea-u)i(i\K\nd or class

)

or together with.

Thus.

pJI'

dook

Before

.lui I

chee

j

The next

the next place.

In

ha

what

-^

After

hoiD I

Wherefore.

-^

mot

What

^^

syjn

Cause

^

i-iroo

Reason

(

-'S.

(

^

c/jar/i

To

:^

dut

Get

^

^i'n

differ

affirma-

J^ may

End

^

The next

(Viee

Pretty good.

Suppose.

Far

1^

I

^<;

I

The next

forget

Uive particle

J^U ^'"y

I

In the last place.

to

(Au

different.

f/jce

Abruptly,

/««

K? U^»' Widely

3\

Suddenly.

Compare

^

To

jtf ho

illustrate

An^

J

How Good

I

VERBS. Chinese

mood.

The

when from

verbs express

nominative politeness

the

only and andergo no change or inflection on account of (ease or

irf<;a

or subject ordinarily precedes the verb eicept of expression

it

is

native uncertain. In order to express the time of action

on

what we term mood and

an

indication

of the

exact

tense), other

mood and

when the

first

person

is

meant,

usually omitted, unless the omission would render the nomi(i. e.

words are added

the different shades of meaning dependent to the verb,

tense intended; or the verb

is

which by their presence give

so placed

in

the sentence as to

shew the context or idea intended. This simpliSes the learning of Chinese verbs immensely doing away with the

necessity of committin<; to

in Greek, Latin,

The

passive

memory any

French, Spanish, Italian

form of the verb

is

thing like the conjugations of verbs, such as obtain

etc.

rarely employed in ordinary conversation, hence the study of

need not occupy the attention of the beginner.

it

(

211 How much,

Awake.

Q§

sun Because.

^ ^y

^

(foM.9/t

Much

1

h \i\>

say-ung\

Up

har

Ouce

Too much.

j

I

3fc

rf/e

Altogether.

Big

—

yol

One

Much

^^

chung

Generally

To do, to act j

^ dough

Certainly.

]

Clear

deet

Good deal

True sincere

1

S^

kay

Because

yun

^^

How

^g

Almost.

cork faithful I

^y

ho

^

cZougf/i

I

Besides.

of.

Good

-^

//;?!

Much

^p

vgoi-e

Beside

1

Outside

Completely.

Very much.

yc

^

Finish

y^"

Whole,

^ ^

all,

entire, com-^

chilri

plete

(

(/ou^r/i

j

Much

(Zo!/(j/t

)

Much

I

Retail.

l!BB

^

«'r/'*

A

yun

Because

chee

This

.^

«

\

# M

Perhaps

ye-uck

'

^y

odds and ends

I

this

/(Hi

j

;jjjl

^i'cA

^

it)o<

i

Past-like a desert-eu-

Turn

^

)

Reach

S

yca-ork\ Perhaps Enough.

^ gow

)

Not

Pf^ sigh

Although.

)

Of course.

Self

chee

An affirmative 1

^

soo-e

Though

j^

high

Is

little.

A/' see-oo

-^

see- 00

Too

Little

j

Asleep. I

3p!1

/""

:fc

Big

(/ie

^'» see-oo

Little

little.

I

particle to a

reply, yes, of

Very

Of manner.

Is

/«'^/'

Entirely.

Sell

W!/

No.

Pg- ung

Supposing if

tawng

tirely

^Ij dontjh

repress

Or

One

yot.

To

j

If

-jl^

j

H

classifier

Either, or.

Sell

Wholesale.

—

li

A

(

1

*°

residue,

Fragments,') ,

In rotation.

^^

Two

lay-ung

I

remainder,] surplus

lun

If.

^

^

Completely!

Consequently.

Q

Both.

I

)

Little

210

^ pun H^

^

Even I

see

Time

\

Before

sin I

Time

H^: see

I

Often

Good

^Jcy-^^>9\ Shall

^ dough

Much

^

/t)-e

Come

I

Long time. jto revert,

^

a

[time or turn

!w

\

^

I

Time

Near I

Sometimes. 1

(

^

Have

Time

see

^^

c/iMHr;

Generally

^

mo

Not

j

or

some

When.

pS- u«^

'^

)

c/ntn

-i^

]

I

Time

Whenever.

^g

kay

How

^

see

Time Is

^

About.

3^

die

m

''

/io?<;

i

After

Come

/o-e

Already.

To

yt'

finish ]

A

sign of

1

hu, past tjnse j

Always.

^ ^

Time

see I

Time

see

see

)

At

Time

last.

(Search exa-l Now.

M ^

^ pS.

Of quantity.

^ ^

Yet

vmiue

^

I

Now

y'" I

see

I

Time

Now and

'j^ /iwA

Behind

j

I

How see

Accordingly I

Not

Now

kum

I

^

^ ^ how

$f

Now.

Time

Afterwards.

Not yet.

That «ee

I

Ol' TIMK.

g,

Then.

^

Place


Afterward, (hereafter). (/()!«

Never. kuii

^

Good

'

Recently.

^

I

y-i'/i

[Toturuback,} [p| rwe

That

/,•<>

Hereafter.

ho

jif-

There.

Formerly.

OrdiDarily.

^

Not

jfOio

Time

Constantly.

Constant

'^

Imt

even

•^

s«y-u7)p

say-uiig

eternal

^

Occasionally.

:^

'finish

then.

,j,)<;

To make

to

^wn

Time

ffow

Big

(The end

Time

see

Formerly.

Not

;^

chwng

Always

^

c/ieew

I

Since 1

Before

209 Midst.

^

At

jo-e

FJI

chung

m

^-

Middle

Amidst between

At

dough-el Scroll

^

7nean

Face

jo-e Before.

jo-e (7iee;i

illy

^f ^^

ftra?i

)

"^

cheen

^s

?;eaH

:^ how

Edge

^^

j^

gun

Near

\

That

Pfg /.o

^J

Side

^ ^

chee

Self

\

After

]

Edge

1

Below

^

6(;a?i

)

Edge

j^

nnj

a c

Playing

^ hum We

Music

the people sit here and

hear him preach.

^

'ngaw

We

itb day

^

choong

Multitude

Close.

Sit

This Down.

^^

o c

51^ turn

Side or edge

/iar

^

lork

Here Place

chee

Hear

Everywhere.

Not there.

P§-

You

nay

Before

~p

That

iea?z

Before

g

Below.

side.

)

)

j

/j«(?i

Near.

say-wig] Mutual

At

Behind.

Outside

i^

\

i'K^

Before (in front of).

Outside.

ngoi-e

Yourself can play organ

at rest in a place.

e.

or piano.

^ ^

Opposite.

^

i.

Not

j^

chee

?i;/(7

jo-c

At

^

c'A^c

t7i(?(?

Place

Him

Place

^

Place I

Preach

k-awng

Blessed

For.

w

Song This side.

^^

jvr;?/

^g

/;etn'

This I

)

hay-ung

I

(7ice

Z^cax

^

<7i£e

]

TIONS, ETC.

This

jioy

Where,

j^

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNC-

Here.

^ ^

)

i

Place

Of

Side

^<^ lay

Inside

Place

55

Head

place.

Above.

Inside.

tow

CD

to.

^Ij dough

Side

Toward. |M)

Reach

O o

^

jo-e

\

f- sajz-MJigr]

At

Above or up

20S

With

1^ lung

That boy

is

clever boy

Those.

That

P^

i

ork

^

jro

^

c/hiic c/ie

j

^^ Elder

)

ther

(

Sits

bro-

^

^

CK

Place

HjII

^

sit

»j;
I I

"

Those.

o )

Self

^

I

dun high

Who. f/ioo/f^r

woman

—

Uv.s.)

Is 1

Clever

I

Clear

is

;^

see

f^

«oo-e

yot

One

or a

Is I

walking with

her two daughters.

2.

That

Little)"^

thinking

A

)

I

B^ mun (Myself)

(v. s.)

(htti

Male

ininii

ff>yt.

I

I

I

That

His

j^

j

Who

Who.

^^

6ean

g^

«oo-e

/

I

Which

Who

Which.

4^

^5^ no-e

cliato

Sit

A

jg[ say-urio

Think

^

(ing)

A«H

He (himself)

sits

fg

reading

^

g

ko-e

iia

ko-e

Her

;;^

hean f^o

She

fg

/:o-e

":&"

Ho-e

is

j

Which

\

(ci)

a female,

She

lay-ung

Two Female

Self

Si

^

He L_

cAee

ha 10 Which.

With

a newspaper.

fg

'\cif

Female

y"«

i.e.

710-e

daughter

2.

A y"»

j

Female

]

Person

This girl

^'^y

£j

is

pretty.

Walk This

(ing)

^

a''

Sit

chee

His father sits with his

3^

no-e

Female

ff

jeye

Little

I

elder brother.

^B

dook

Read 'fg ko-e (ing)

iff

'"'"

p^ mun

She

New 2:1? Hearj ^

-

Is

Father

1

^ ft^ho

,

Good

Self

Paper

^

^ I

His

!/ert-u;(;;|

Figure

ijj

20G Ware.

205 Sycee silver.

Coarse tea.

Coarse

cho I

Tea

char

Common

Fp chung

Small

sjV/A

^.tU

i

Silk

«ee l

tea.

1^

FJ?

^

char

Tea

Old crop tea.

j(^ arp

Stamp

:^

dung

Winter

^^

char

Tea crop tea.

"PJ

^^

c/mn

Spring

^

char

Tea

lie

^ ^^

Fine small

Tea

c/wr Good

^

Smoke.

ym

ij@

Snow.

Somebody.

Custom

^

«/o!o

1

Law

y^

?/u?i

j

^g

cheen

^

lay-ung\ Salary

\

Coin

5^

^

I

To

Icwn

hustle

Work

/((jy

hard

I

Spider web.

Tax.

Duty

|JJ «oo-e

^

I

??^«?i

I

Silver

5^

/aw

)

^ mawng

Net

Tea.

^ ^

Sponging.

c/wr

I

yeep

j

Tea Leaf

:^

Rub

?«oo<

Clean

Jf^ chun

Black tea.

c/i«r

Person

tea.

Good

/to

Some

Spider.

Tax.

Small tea. i

\

Name

I

Silver

quarn

Head

fl^ tow

sigiA

;^ mun

Tariff.

^

sign

I

trace,

mark ngun

Midst of

^55

To

a7-t

;pp

Midst of I?)

chung

New

A

Signature.

Tea

Gun powder

H

/
^^

f/iar

Black

^

Tea

gg' ?c/w?-

I

j

Story

(tale).

Flower

far )

Tale

tea.

^m5

mar

Hemp

J^

cAee

Pearl

^

c/tar

Tea

Style.

Green tea.

pg

f/a(?i

/

Green

Tea

chi

^^

7?H()z

^

/ay

Letters I

I

Doctrine

Sun.

Canton tea.

Hyson tea. J5E

/m^

Light

.^

sarn

Province

^^

chun

Spring

^[j^

sun

Capital

^^

c/iaj"

Tea

^^

char

Tea

Sunshine.

^

yot

Sun

quorng

Light 24

204 Silk

203 Rope.

202 Law.

Money changing.

Muslin.

^

k-(ir

Cambric

Exchange

:^

^^

sar

Surplice

Silver

^

^

ho

Cloth Muster.

^^ •^

i/t'a-u7}p

l,ee

Kind

i

$B

jfj^

j§

mar

Horse

/o!o

A monkey Mood.

^

Net.

Moonlight.

sarn

Live

ye

Purpose

]^

yHt

^

quorng

^

«ee

^

yeep

j

'

^(1

j

Moon

\

Light

mnn

Business

Occupatiou

^

Mud.

j^

niijh

iigork

^g

'Gun

-^

y?/;n

/»«n^

To arrange

m

oruer

Loose.

Lunch.

yJN see-oo

^^

t7/«rn

Mark

"^

|

)

Little

Meal

(private).

dar

Strike

Hg arm

Private

§^, ho

Mark Meaning.

Music.

^

^

/ee<

Shell

jHaud

pee-oo

^J

Open

/iawi-

^sow

^^

w/io-e

Female

Pistol.

Placard.

i^

'

Little

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chart

(cl)

^

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\

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(55) A

/.

.

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I

door

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of

classifier

—

•

use of 59 illustrated.

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wot

(cl)

use of

peeu

(cl)

^^

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mow The use

of 51

kwoon

(cl)

s/ie-oo

Flute

(

A

classifier

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gX

"'ow

(cl)

fg

ten

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\

or business.

•

illustrated.

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put J^\^ '^^^ The

Joint of bamboo.

—

or

silk, '

use of

goods

of

dry

in bolt.

52 illustrated.

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yot

I

I

of

joints, verses,

use of

of

illustrated.

yot

(G«)

—

plots

\

laud.

—

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A

classifier

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yot

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I

or

illustrated.

5"i

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far

tip

I

I

door

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— ^ ^

yot

•

(hollow tubes.

'clouds, bunches

of tlowers, etc.

use of 50 illustrated.

(51)

of niites,

1=1

(GO)

and Hat things.

/

classifier

I

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tiles, glass,

;lliikcsofsnow,

jcti-

I

'

i^

—

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^

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'wood,

The

of 54 illustrated.

A

I

^

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yot

•

of

of 5S illustrated.

A Bunch of greens.

—

A

classifier

I

The use The

(SO)

(B4)

to8) .

cloth.

Oue

yot

I

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lonehiDery, frames,

I

J.j \-A niir ~/lVC^

of

classifier

IP

(cl)

geet

(cl) I

\

clock:*,

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'

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chook

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ifi bo

etc.

(57) The

use of

60

illustrated.

I

1

•Xuj* low

A Clothes horse.

—

to

,

'h3Z I

•

yot

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The

^

(53) classifier of

skeins of

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.silk,

of lau)ps.

or thread.

use of a? illustrated.

I'he

use nf

63

illustrated

\

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^gar

(cl)

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ye

fl^ Jook

—

j

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•

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silk.

yot

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\

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(cl)

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193

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[

*:

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A classifier

classifier of

volumes, or bundles ot books.

I

(40)

(44)

(47)

of beards,

bar

,

of

47 illustrated

illustrated.

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ffi tar

^^

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j^

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se««

—

(cl)

\^

loio

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J

of trees,

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oil

(cl)

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;fWb

of

1

^ki The

\

45

illustrated.

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yot

(cl)

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5»JC

(cl)

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(40)

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classifier

of

incense

sticks. use of 49 illustrated.

*-—^ liawnq

—

•

yot

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!A

The use

—

•

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gee !l(t

(cl)

^

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42

—

•

illustrated.

^ ^

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hatoig

(cl)

cJiec

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(43)

classifier

1

use of

46

illustrated.

1

f^

(a

''""

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classifier of

of

or

times,

complete numJ

bers. use of

-i-i

illustrated.

coin).

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^ mun

^

of

of cash.

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stick.

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\

I

'I'he

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A classifier

I

4 Ji

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soo-e

(49) gee

(42)

f

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oah

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51,0^1,

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tlie

ders.

\

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see

•

illustrated.

(cl.)

A

Oue

^±)£.Zot.

places, etc.

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(45) I

—

houses

use of 41

The

classifier of

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yot

jf^

I

use ot <18 illustrated,

A •

'_

I

A

walls,

jaiP

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clieye

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V\K

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plants.

1

I

r

classifier

/L)

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chun

g

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yot

•

A

1

,

ijHt Jow I

^

(41)

(48) I

Oue

(cl)

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.

yot

.

One

yot

•

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etc.

(

use of 40 illustrated.

A Story (of a building).

—

Oue

yot

44

use of

A Fan.

A Book.

—

The

hou-

layers

of

ses,

or of umbrellas.

The The use

classifier of

stories, of

1

'^"""

with a string,

tied

fl:i

A

I

fan3, firewooil.tliiugs

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JC

cheen

yot

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(cl)

so

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I

(cl)

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\

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A

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]

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of

lis.'

or cougrosatod masses of nioii.

niiiltitudcs,

>^ /'""'' I:\y

E

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—

yot (cl)

illii^tr.iti'.l,

.-i'i

A Crowd of men.

(SO)

use of 32 illustrated.

classifier of

fe qwoon

'

The U90 of

Maiitlariu

A y""

Man

m//-

^y^ A

i

classifier of

letters,

foMiq

seals, or silver

—

37

ol

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One

fooiip

^

sun

—

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darm

(cl)

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A

A

)

(30) A diiii

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^

douch-e

(cl)

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&ions, of little J

books,

in

/tiyj

—

•

yot

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vwoo-e

(cl)

coke

see-oo

of

i^

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^i

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seal

classifier of

I

latie

of chess,

illustrated.

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(

g| dun

(cl)

\

I

^

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(

day

ground

* > 1^1

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1

f/o-c

The use

clii.ssifier

of words,

i

,

f

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—

yot

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—

^Q

coke

(cl)

|s|]

•

classifier

are

round.

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and

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tfot

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tane

(cl)

iii(j/i

31

— ^

illustrated.

(of a book).

yot

One

go-e

(c!)

shu

Book

S&

/

\

mud.

(33) A

I I

\

of

things that

use of 35 ilhiftriited.

A

chess.

A

of

A Sentence

(3.-)

games

3'.(

Oue

yot

sentences.

/orChcss boards. iisi"

•

(31)

" \

Shoe

I

—

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\

\

(30» A

illustrated.

times,

etc.

j/]-\

The

clossihor uf

use of 31 illuslrated.

The

(EJ

Oue

paragraphs.

30

use of

classifier of

portions, or

'

/

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yot

Horse

parts, or divi-

classifier

use of 38 illustrated.

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pairs.

f

(cl)

rice.

(34)

of things in

/>"'

1

lEj

lA

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A

Letter

I

illustrated.

One

y^t

I

Az.l dounh-e

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illustrateil.

.'53

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(cl)

(38>

—

use of

01'

yoi

A

^ .jl

mouthsful.

jfiy

illustrated.

letter.

yot

The

or

money. The use

(a classifier of

— E

\

or)

beiiids.

f

A Horse.

(33)

(cl)

of

classifior

!|)iiiTS,oflioises,

'

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A

j

pot

Muil

)

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I

^

1=1 *

^ ~3^

-^

1

,

„

of govein meats, or classifier

oflicers,

'' j

I

dollars.

191 The

use of

25

(22)

illustrated.

»

A Visitor

—

1~v r\

clasflifier

blows of hand,

liar

^ '{^

why

(cl)

^

hart

Visitor

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j

use of

22

illustrated.

—

A

—

of

classifier

of knives, or

quires of paper.

[

The use

26

•

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(el)

^

Hand

sow

illustrated.

(c!)

^

Paper

A

I

R

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ehi'.en

The

)

dun

(cl)

A Hat

A

of meals.

A meal of

classifier of

—

A classifier of

use of

2'}

yot

One

C/iarn

(cl)

A

illustrated.

—

yot

One

^

cheen

(cl)

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^

|

(SO)

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liayung

A

I

sow

use of 27 ilhistriited.

—

•

J^

The

poems.

20

illustrated.

'/.

pearls

suit of armor.

A Poem.

—

One

yot

use of

classifier

of odes, and

1

(

Beads or A

rice

together.

/((?/(

sets, or lots.

The

classifier

ciiarn

use of 19 illustrated.

The

tbings strung

\

(10)

A string of fragrant beads.

<2r) l^^ri

T§

^

\

(23)

One

gee

One

One

yot

quire of paper.

yot

yot

I

A

dough

—

t|jg ??io

A blow of the band.

(26)

It

A Hat. •

Iwlaip, orsticli.

A

use of 18 illustrated.

of

^

I

Uiie

yot

•

The

A

I

•

yot

One

sow

(cl)

see

Poem

(24)

m

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~y^

Armor

karp

yy^

A

I

carriages and

*"" i

sedan chairs.

I

The

(38)

^ The

/

A

classifier of

buudies,

l)()ic [

wrapped tilings.

use of 28 illustrated.

A bundle of books.

— ^

•

^

or

yot

use of 24 illustrated.

A sedan

—

classifier of

yot

One

^

sun

(cl)

fS

^ey-oo

•

(21)

chair.

A classifier of

1

Jj^j^ \1 ^^ The

Sedan chair

One

deem

drops, dots,

and hours.

f

USB of 21

illustrated.

A drop of

oil.

—

yot

One

^j5

deem

(cl)

'

|

boil)

shu

(cl)

(25) A classifier

)

Book

/v* \ * why A

of

persons of (respectability.

/

190 An

A Carriage.

=»

Affair.

yot

One

keen

(cl)

^ w?

Affair

Carriage A Case (at

law).

I

(cl)

tof-e

•

^

(cl)

food.

One

'jot

cor

illuslratcil.

A mess of '

—

One

yol

!^

or tiiblesful.

(

The use of 15

—

messes.

pliij'S,

Itu'-e

E:^

—

A classifier of

1

—

A Locomotive

yot

One

keen

(cl)

i

I

fli^i

teep

I/ot

•

^

/"or*'

classifier of

sticking sub-

^-

chay

stances.

b5

tow

\

1

Il5

—

Mess

soovo

!

I

One

ff^

(cl)

^.

w

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law)

r I

2

« S

A

Head

—

/

(13) k medical plaster.

f|:/. V

1

—

•

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^ ^

One

yot

Mp

wot

EEl The

ye-ork

pi^

sarm

Shirt

use of 13 illustrated.

(12) One stroke character.

—

Plaster

\

I

A

classifier of

bowers, quails, or

^ ^

y^l^

—

yot

|J|:

'f'U7,

(cl)

t;ai;i

\Vind

One )

^

\

wot

(cl)

cAee

Letter

fl tlui)

'

K

classifier of

bats and caps.

and

tops.

The

A

classifier

wagons,

of

carriages.

use of 12 illustrated.

A Car.

(14)

A hAf '^^

L-woo

M

The

'

I

classifier

of cords, or

shares

use of It illustrated.

—

^ ^

One share trade.

)

(i«)

•

iiiij

use of 17 illustrated.

A squall of wind.

i

\-\-' car

One

yot

Ciists, etc.

^>

I

(cl)

/i-acters,or lines.

Ointment! I

(17)

^

^eH

of

strokes in clia-

'

One

(cl)

<70

The

cl;issifiei'

Shirt.

yot

•

use of 10 illustrated.

The

j

— ^

yot

.y'

One

far

(cl)

chay

Car

A

A Railway

—

One

•

yot

car.

One |

ktooo

(cl)

car

)

/tp Srtrn

Live

^

Miud

»/e

|

(cl)

= 'ore

Fire

en oy

Car

-

189 <10) A

grain,

nup

i

i\L

A classifier of

seeds,

—

The

Stick.

A Door.

yot

One

t^

gee

(cl)

^^

qiione

Stick

•

—

pearls, buttons, etc.

use of 10 illustrateJ

The

A Grain of

A Twig.

Rice.

—

iiot

One

jjfjt

nup

(cl)

/

—

use of 7 illustrated.

yot

One

j

^

dough

(cl)

i

P^

jwoon

Door

•

One

«/0i!

1

]

A Court.

—

(cl)

•

One

yot

\

y^ my

Tree

Rice

|

^

j5^ dough

Branch P^

(cl)

Court

J

Oi

A Grain of Wiieat.

—

A Mast. '

Oue

yot

f

%knup

(cl)

^

Wheat

mart

—

A

(

gee

i^

(cl)

— —

•

\

^

Bean

dow

—

\

^jfft

1

of Sand.

yot

One

nup

(cl)

J

J'^^"

ft The

keen

use of 9 illustrated.

yot

One

t|jg

fook

(cl)

^^

tvliar

Picture

classifier

•

yot

m.

-Pp keen

^

Oue

yot

A

ijig/ooi-

(cl)

)

(iround

day or lot

A Wall.

One (cl)

—

yot

One

1^1^

fook

(cl)

/

/

h*

I

ling

mot

)

illustrated.

A Thing.

—

Lot.

:Hfc

1 1

^S

flags, pieces

of ground etc.

of things

\

dough

(cl)

Z>o

Cloth

teni

Curtain

Thiuff

Wall

'

scrolls,

—

in geueral.

use of

classifier of

maps,

A Picture.

—

(11)

A

A wall

(

A

I

One

A Custom house.

—

yot

Oue

^

(^oup'/i

(cl)

^^

soo-c

Tax

•

A

|

Sand

']^ sar

I

f

ffl

'

•

'

The

A Grain

yot

)

\

(cl)

—

^ ^

(0)

One

yot

Door

A Curtain. •

Mast A Bean.

—

jHoon

One

yot

•

P^

^g quarn

i'

188

<4)

A Cloth.

A Cow.

A

elassi-

I

One

1

(cl)

i

of ^^^^„^

fior

I

I

chay-umf

^J The use of

l

One

yot

•

|

(sproiid out.

Cloth

—

illnslratiil.

•^

/a/c

(cl)

4^

ji^ou)

Cow

A Bed.

—

A Field.

—

One

yot

'^chay-ung

(cl)

{(\)

J^ chawng Bed A

—

A Skin.

Sheet.

^chay-uvg

One \

Skin

^

^a^f

(cl)

.^

sojo

Hand

^

c/jee

Finger

j

*Z-

|

»

(»)

{d)

A

[

I

(cl)

One

One

yo«

•

yol

•

Field

ten

Pg

A Finger.

—

One

yot

•

)

^

/>«»/

Coverletj

^

Jti


Single

^

tee-oo

^

)

The

classi6er

of long things.

(

use of 3 illastraled.

A River.

—

A Knife.

1

karii

H

,

[

The

—

A

One

ijol

and rooms

J!^ /cr-oo

(

^chay-ung^cX)

ijol

One

karn

(cl)

^

1

—

Stool.

£^

One

yol

A chay-ung

(cl)

yol

One

^

U'l'-oo

(cl)

PJ

/''y

Tongue

) >

Stool

(/««

A

)

A Trousers.

Room

^f fawng

haw

•

•

)

River

A Tongae.

use of G illustrated.

—

(cl)

-

j

j^pj

A Room.

)

Knife

7J dough A

— ^

A

clii.''sifier

of buildings

One

i/ot

1

I

—

yol

One

-^

;ee-oo

(cl)

|

<.'5)

A Baildiag.

— ^ •

^

D

karn

C

^

classifier

''°'"'''**' '

pieces

slices, I '

The

^

lumps.

use of 5 illustrated.

Building

low

of

I»"ies,

(cl)

)

Trousers

foo

Principle or reason.

—

One

yol

A Stone.

—

(7) 1

(lough /.

( •

One

yol

»-VI

tIjEI Jyj^-^''^ y^

-j^ tee-oo •

yot

One

(cl)

1 1

A

cUiiisifier

of

boats, door, (gates, bridges.

^A ^

set

(cl)

r

Stone

3g

Principle! or

lay f

Reason

PARTS OF SPEECH. ARTICLES, ADJECTIVES, NOUNS, PRONOUNS, ADVERBS ETC.

A Woman.

—

•

yot

One

ko

(cl)

THE CLASSIFIERS

*

ARTICLES.

or It is customary, in speaking of

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE.

j@ -^

A

Female

vo-e

j

< Illustrations of the em-

Person

^""

i

p ployment of

classifiers

—

Oue

yot

M ^

a

exact

number

— The

ordinary speech.

is

use of the Indefinite

Ar-

—

Be-

thus superseded.

an

(cl)

la7ie

Heaven

a

called

iutroduced; this

is

I

word that

of

is is,

it

generic character,

a

applied to a certain

is

supposed in some

class of objects

One

yot

^^ ^S

word

appropriate

CLASSIFIER

ANALAGOUS.

respects to be

M

)

In

English language the words,

the ^

ko

(cl)

length,

j

«/(M

Book

rhick

Tablet

(1)

A

^

[

ko

.

'

classifier of

Thus

in

animals walk and

vessels, tliat

Tnc

use of

1

or a piece.

to pens, candles, whips,

straight

^p-

things

pen,

Oue

Ship.

—

—

—

T«^

applied

and other

one

7^ (elassi-

^^

j^^

—

yot gee viar bean

is

—

e. g.

yot gee hut

A Man. fier)

etc.

Chinese the word

gee meaning a branch,

use of 2 illustrated.

A

length ol

lumps, or clods

illiistrateil.

are

etc.

slice,

as a

classifier of

parts of llie body tliat are multiple.

The

—

used

— piece of business —

rope

A

and

piece,

similarly

(3)

—

of objects intended.

tween the numeral and the noun,

)

ko

the

eipressing

in

A Book.

—

numeral

with

ticle

A Heaven.

them

material objects to precede

one

(classifier)

horse whip. '

yot

Oue

(cl)

)

The

adjective

comes between

I

^

\

_

jate

{^\^ .sin

We

(ci)

i

)

^B

iiarm

Persou

Ship have numbered the

Male

classifiers for

/

gi °

convenience in study.

the

classifier

— '

but

-tX

—

one

and

/\.

noun, thus

its

^n

J"""

(classifier)

9^"

'''*

big pen.

186

SPECIMENS OF CHINESE POETRY.

*

f

''On taking leave of a Friend."

^

-^

^ ^

/^

3|5

i; ii ^t

-p

m m t^ B m 8

G

7

5

4

^m

X-

^

ffi

ffi

^{')m )i 3

i:

l;

"Teu years have elapsed since last we parted, sooner have we met, than we part again: We may bind ourselves by promises to renew this meeting, But we shall never be so young as we are now The shadows of the passing clouds speedily vanish The fallen leaf returns not to its branch

And no

!

—

:

Should

the wild bird, to seek you in the south.

I fly, like

In what part of you blue mountains shall we meet?"

"On

giving liberty to a Butterfly."

MM m W mmmmm^mm 87654 32 U niM

iic

'^

"Those variegated hues should be less rashly exposed, recesses of the mountains are thy proper haunts:

The The

fragrant, but short-lived herbs are there,

And

those airy paths will best suit thy flight:

Thy crimson form is heavy with dew, Thy embroidered wings should expatiate

in the clear breeze:

Destruction here awaits thee from the fondness of the boy,

Go

then, and hide thy treasures from his reach."

• From "Poetry of the Chinese" by J. F. Davis. t For a literal translation with phonetic pronunciation,

+ These numerals have reference

to the stanza.

see appendix.

185 SPECIMEN PAGE OF A CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

302

(

Rad. 97 and 98.

=^

squash;

hiiiry

squash;

^^

is

of a squash; stall

^

;

I

ripe,

nest year;

R-^^ me

Louipare

5

IT^ 11^

tit

made

of

J^, a

|

long, oval

gourd?

to a

"'

or melons; JJ\

=gg. R

I

1 1

Sjj^ ,/'*''',

140

14

Wl^

IVuJt;

:^

or any

a

oi"

the pulp of a squash or melon;

iKiKi;,

pulp; pith; -^]

J3X. poured out the

I

inelon's pulp; empty, hollow.

Rad. 98, S,

^

earthen ware, pottery; a

'iigii,

S

roof;

I

,

I

lis

,

.

I

bats;

7|&

I

I

,

I®.

to bear

,

!

difficulty

Note.

—

I

This

,

;

tiles; |

#

I

a daughter;

earthen dish;

Mj)

,

\

burn

to

tiles;

I

^,

model, to

a potter;

^,

|

to display

9

^i]^;^,

I

^g^,

|

[^

|

form

to discern

^,

|i^

I

|

to

^^,

;

and

fashion

to

|

to illumine;

B^,

I

abilities;

all

men's

improve

to

^^<-

|

|

,

page (302)

round a

•^,

the upper tiles

'""'•

;

#

a row of

tiles;

to

^S

lik^,

the hollow legs of a tripod.

10

^6

jUK,

a bowl, a cup

u

^

cup;

^

I

,

,

^

a golden bowl; .

^^

,

,

|

half

^£

|

a ,

'&

a rice-bowl;

a tea-cup.

bricks;^ I

,

,

|

j^

villain;

^,

|

bricks and tiles; 1

,

tik^,

a

,

|

adobie

a burnt blue brick;

tiles for flooring;

^ m^

fm

|

a wooden bowl;

tile a floor;

^B

a tobacco

I

^rhim, a brick; a tile;

^S i tg

,

a basin containing a pint;

a water basin;

ftE

|

I

howl; jj^

,

^^

;

'J |

the

;

well; to lay, as bricks;

to line a well.

pde up;

I

^, a glazed

,

|

Jijjt^

a brick-kiln;

^

|

,

|

to

a great dolt, a

,

|

^,

to lay tiles;

to point bricks. tile;

^

|

,

a large

tile;

jars

With cars on the neck.

to tile a roof.

is

the brick lining ol a wall

Js'oii,

wall

tiles;

^., disentangled from

—^ |

"»

S

brick-

^^,

the bottom row of

^

tiles;

'•>-''':

§^, earthen-ware;

joined like two

:gb

™"'«

j^

bricks and I

tiles;

the concave

I

.(J^,

»•"-•

r^H;

,

a

the tiles of a house; the

,

, I

yellow tiles; I

tili';

I

roof; |i^

^

things;

^

||=^/;,,R.uo. 7 §J5

wine bottle of tute-

gradually.

flower.

1

'C^, a small glazed

|

ft

to mold, as

I& 1^,

l=ftin]. the petals

I

8

,

|

molded, to be influenced; a potter;

to avoid;

mehm

division of a

,

,yan, to mold, to

and

examine;

dippt-.r

I

>'''"". *1^*?

^ [

^

nag. ^fi ^cha/i

;

u

a cocoa-nut dipper.

.

^ vessel with a

tubular neck; a pitcher;

for drink-

;

•^, only one gourd

j^

O

tile.

I

111^';

I

(P''"^' ^ "^'^. " j^f.

JSi } ^i£ )

[^,

calabash, a gourd

a.

tl"^ j*' jfC' '^" "P f^, a standing water-

form, to fashion, to transform; to be

^ f^l^^^^^li; ^^^ bottlo-

ft

^

4

a

,

|

Jmgt a long-necked jar or amphora;

a concave

bottle; :a®

children and grand-cLildren

Kourd;

|

a flower vase;

large and small melons- posterity,

^ SH

'/^

^

;

than ajar; a boaster.

^§

Jy^jflj

|

-lb,i^.'l" you then

1

young cucumbers

,

^T

with water;

a gourd, a calabash.

^p'ltw,

round window;

^ water-jar

•

I

rice-jar;

change when the melons are

i.e.

'*<^;

7l"i

^|^, a green-grocer's a kind of pickle

the small, white cucumber, /i^, to

S

I

cut up like the carpels

|

,

^

\

11 Strokes.

^ i"ii/^ a jar; a vase; a

^^

-^ ,a ^. i{j} 5^

small, yellow squaah;

the country

Rad. 98.

large, coarse

a

,

|

a pumpkin,

,

[

)

17 Strokes.

of

conjunction with page (303) opposite.

a

Chinese-English

Dictionary and should be read

first,

then in

;

184

SPECIMEN PAGE OF A rHINESE-ENGLl'SII PICTIONAHV.

(303) Rad. 98 and 99.

Iw ^^

'wwj't an alembic; a

to

^

dis!til;

^,

|

a boiler;

btill;

to put into the

/''*>•

$ff a large Qat

tile

.

I

Rad. 99 and 100. honeyed words;

a larye

i

^

sleep;

?Bp

Tor distilling.

still

13

13 and 6 Strokes.

grateful,

;

live; to arise,

to

own

voluntarily;

will,

pleased;

sWeet taste;

words

^

I

;

j

willingly

j\]^">,

I

.

\J^, a =", sweet or kind

I

!B, a sweet pear; ange;

^,

I

sleep;

;f£,

|

liquorice;

|

adversity;

;

HHT,

|

S

engagement;

iJk

•

g""®*"?. '"o;

vast; very great;

|

^^, very

I

beautiful;

far too hot; I

|

^fe, excessively

f^- very good;"^

thing worst than this;

by

hot;

/^[It- no-

|

'^itj^^ ^.'^,

,

I

never went to such a pitch ;

new

^

life;

I

Q^

1

things go;

creatures;

death

^J,

|

done;

J^,

|

# $f

I

.

|

clumsily

in a greater degree;

^, extraordinary

I

6 f^

-gJ:

too often;

^

things.

to foster

life

;

joy: I

,

if

I

'

>,si^' ''"y

1

gratified, pleased, agreeable;

^, a bait; ^^'j •of

^^'"'*''

the bait;

This

is

i

|

5^^. got

^ ^\

a

'^' |

taste

sweet and

tight

;

|

^

living life

and

^,

the

a

ciple,

" P"r'l. a dis-

'

I

,

\

Mr,

teaeher; you, the first-born;

^

]

,

{J

|

,

Hffi

a youth, a

birth-day;

in Section

IV

Sir;

a

,

I.

]

lad,

^ ^

|

a ,

to be born in another body; raetcmp-

&R

syehosis;

business;

u calling

make I

|

;

w,

profession, a trade,

to create, cause or

^,

to get angry;

-j!, unusual ibaraciers;

singular;

rather pretty; [

of our book.

,

-^, j

^ ^,

j

trade, occupation,

)&, a |

trouble;

5^

oviparous;

,

|

|

^

-j^ IJ^,

|

^^

[

^j., odd,

it

must he in

page (303) of a Chinese English Dictionary. The sluilent should

on the Use of a Chinese Diciionarv"

,

|

|

•'

|

•

I

to h<>

g,- a^" after way of life; -h.

tf scholar; yh

P^

•

i

,

^^

|

|

age, unceasing;

viviparous;

} /'"'< sweet; pleasant, agreciible; excellent; savory; to like, to enS

6i

^,

,

|

,

|

^y^, lo

^^,

|

[

]

5^

life;

people; produced the people;

the late-born;

is

;

life;

and

loose

;

Hj

|

"f^

M[

to kill living animals;

,

let living

young man;

once

,

life;

to desire

,

boni

to be

,

|

again; ]j^

life

|

life-

^J^^. 'he

]

to esteem

,

|

—'^gi

I

to

the

.

|

|

this life;

,

\

<^

^

;

come

neither the beet nor the worst sort;

Jg, what?

—

,

I

again; to

^

born into the world

very wicked;

^^Jj

,

I

to spare life;

|

l'"S«'

;^'

I

^,

|

living beings;

a child;

entire strength

fham^, very, eitremely , excessively

'

to bear

|S, a sweet

excessive; in tho highest degree; clum*''j:

vitality; birth;

life;

^, a volun-

|

life;

-^,

lite;

j^, sugar-cane.

I

raw; unripe; uncivilized; unac-

live;

future

very sweet;

BA'^A', very delicious;

to spring up; to excite;

quainted; inexperienced, new; loose,

^

^, a

to

;

forth; to nourish; alive, living,

time, the whole

|

^^, prosperity and

]

come

a sweet or-

'p', pleasant food;

|

seasonable rain

tary

agreeable

;

"'her sweet;

6?f.

I

|

to procreate

to be produced, to be born; U>

the lASte; excellent, good; willingly, of

readily; specious, wimiing;

Note.

generate,

(o

;

grow;

pleasant, pleasing, happy; agreeable to

one's

4

fhang, to bear, to bring forth, to pro-

duce

Rad. 99, if-U' JUm, swcot; to count sweet

|

4

Rad. 100,

/p

see.

sivect.

K. 30, which see.

kind of brick.

^=^K. 98 which

[J^, sweet

|

and

to taiite; to try; always;

fihi'iijig,

= '^.

deceitful;

bitter

,

I

3 Strokes.

reail

"Kcniarks

183 Water lean

lily

Lotus

)

f;]^

Water

lily

seed.

^

«e<

tig

loio

Stone

Sweet meats,

Root

goiv

Pomegranate.

Sugar cane.

root.

^^

Sugar

tawng

Pomegranate tree

I

Fruit

quore I

Plum.

^^

Walnut.

Lotus

lean

Little

moo-c

i^

hot

i^\^

toe

\

Pit of fruit

Peach

Raisin.

Whampe. Water chestnut.

'S' waung

^ pay

Yellow I

j

Skin

j!1§

^

mar tie

(

Horse \

Hoof

Name tree

^tie

of aj )

To raise up]

182 MaDdarin orange. yjiy"

karm

-JIJP

Nutmeg

^

Cocoanat.

orange.

^

i/ert

/

^ce I

cut

Cocoanut Little

Cnstard apple.

Papaw.

/fC

mook

JJi^

kwah

Wood

I

Gourd

I

^

Foreign

/cirH

^

/i«

Liciii

;|5^

rhee

Brancii Dates.

Peanat.

^ ^

^ /<7r»j

iart

cho .<"»•« I

/

White

j

Dates

Flower

/

Li?e Figs.

Peach.

^t

^oe

^

7«ore

I

)

Peach

No

mo

Flower

^f(j /
Fruit

quorc

Grapes.

Rasset pear.

)j^ sar

^%

j

Saud

I

Pear

Fruit

/>o

(

Grape

toe

I

Raisin

Lemon. Persimmon.

^

nun

cftee

Lemon

Pine apple.

W^

mong Lichees.

'jore iJX i'ore

I

Wave Net

laic

^

^

lie

j

Lichi

f/jee

I

Branch

Plantain.

Orange.

^

hay-ungl Fragrant

^

chee-oo

\

Banana

Plnm.

charn Dwarf orange.

Gold

kuni I

^lay

^?c«<

I

Orange

1

181 Spinach.

~^

yin

kSpiiiach

i

Rice.

^^

cook

(iu

Pastry.

husk)

^

or

^^

chew-e

(jreeus

\

Squash.

pP Jljl^

geet

;^

(hulled)

7n?/

or

^ 7J(;

Squash (long crooked).

sick

S

Eat

Peas.

PjpJ haio

Holland!

Pi lam

(lourd

)

Cake

I

Rice flour. kioali

\

(cooked)

/arrt

Jointed

i

hen

J/'j/

Rice

I

}^/u;)

.a

Powder

)

Peppers.

Water

yjC soo-e

Segar.

I

Oourd

J3^ kioah

I

Sugar.

flQ

§

/oo-e

^

«oo«.^/

Spanish

^

?'(«oo

)

Black

cliee-oo

)

Pepper

Pepper (Powder).

Smoke 1^- tauwij

to-

yiii

bacco

Brown sugar. Salt.

^^ 7^

wanng

Yellow

I

Sugar

laiung

White sugar.

^

ban

^

iftwjfjr

i

JJ-

S&

(oiv

chee-oo

Pepper

1

^^

7?ioot/

Powder

1

Red pepper.

'f-K

/<""

'^pj

chee-oo

^

/twoo

Auut

Sugar

70

3/'"

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profession.

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PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS.

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see

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man

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College.

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company.

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see

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plionetic.

18

156 Vegetable

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chung

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China |

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Mau

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Pen

hut

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po

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in-

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for aged.

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Goods

PLACES OF

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^

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Infant

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tawiig Hall

rear

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en-

154 Many thanks.

Grateful.

J^ karm

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ifun

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thuij/i

To be obliged

Much

^

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Thank

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||- c/,ay

I

BUILDINOS-PUBLIC. PRIVATE, ETC.

Influeuce f

^

AND THE DIFFERENT

City hall.

a o

Heal

ye

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)

PARTS THEREOF, WITH ROOM CONTENTS,

Hospital.

for.

ETC.

PUBLIC BUIL-

(J)

DINGS. ±^

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I

i5

153

^

'I^/« Slow.

inarn

'I'g

faithful.

No

but

/]> see-oo

Little

i(^ some

Heart

Purpose.

^>

Foolish

.<;«''

^.

^

Respectful.

^

kung

Believe, to trust, to credit,

Heedless.

Quick.

y

Stupid

chun

Respectful

/:?<»

To honor

I

To arouse.

^

Sincere.

'^

s(<»

Believe

W

««'

True Modest.

^

leem

I

Shame

Jfiu»

c/(et'

j

Modest

Astute

i7nnici

Immodest.

Bright

)/»<;i I

To arouse

sun

\^

^

sun

Ignorant

j

Clever.

^

^

M mo

Not

To know.

'1^ un To

To awaken

1

^

Shame

/ct'wj

J^

Modest

^it chee

c/iee

|

to rely on.

trust,

To

Afraid.

feel.

*|'^ c/tee

-^

To repent.

A-OJ'i

f^

kung

f^

;5((r

\

i

To

M

Repentance.

'1^ foo-e

)

To repeut Change

ko-e To

J,

:w

^

fear.

Frighten

<)>"<

]

To console, to comfort.

^^ orn ^t why

sick

some sick

Wish

«(7^-u7i(7

'|>^ pai-

\

Peace

iX

die

Soothe

IB

(/«r(/i

\

I

Big Gall

Cowardice. Hatred, Resentment.

Little

/Jn ^-ee-oo

Heart

^

yin

Forget

1^

/m((

To influence.

]

Dread

Courage.

of, to

disregard.

J^

To thiuk

see

rest.

To think no more

i^

To dread

To think of one another.

'1^ foo-e

T^

Fear

\

Hatred

)

To

^ darm

\

Gall

detest

Look out! Be careful. Urgent.

yj-v

Little

,sfe-oo

li^ some

)

Heart

Proud.

^ ^

k-n/-oo

Boast

^

/id 10

May

j^

Proud

»|^

siV/t

Pity

^i^ ''"y

I

iiffo

\

Envy.

j^

doufjh

^

kail

Compassionate.

Pity.

Kindness

chee I

)

Charity.

Forgiveness.

j

Envy

*

^^^^'^

Compassion

Broail

'pn y""

Forgive

^

Kind

)

o(-c

Love

I

Qaarrel.

Piety.

Merciful.

^ fun ^

c/iar»i

)

Portion

1

Quarrel

(P.ty

'I^ lemi 'lllil

sill

I

\Z

Kind

yuii

Righteous-

Compassion

ness

To covet.

^

Gentle.

tiirm

Faithful,

im Wish or desire or

anticipate.

Soothing

"'""

^ yow

]

Gentle

Patient.

rruc

^

chun,,

^

««/!

Aif

hearted Believe

Cruel.

Grace.

vhirn

^,

j

To

(le.stroy

jj^ HO!-e

I

To

sufifer

Grace

To bear

//«"

Rule or

Kind or virtuous. Powerful.

classic or

-ft (leen

W^

lay-nii(i

I

^

»«eM

)

Gooil

canou Virtue

Cruel.

Laugh.

Wicked. see-oo

Wicked

Hope.

Bad

^^ mawng

^ P.B

«u<

Lo.st

^^

/'ee//i

Humble

Hope

^-

bay

Inferior

I

]

/iooA

Humble.

Despair.

^ ^ mawnp

Cry.

Anxiety.

;^|> <]itar

la lew-e

1

To suspend

\

To

consider

151 Anger.

M

""

^.^ Sorrow.

^

Weaver.

0-e

Weave

'AiVA-

cho-e

Make

ig;

(7(0

[^

chay-uiig Artisan

ij^ furig

]

Cut

1

Sew

Thief.

Delight.

lork

Tailor.

Workman.

T.

Thief

Common

Work

X-M)(.9

fg/o Love.

/^ yun

)

man

Man

^

vwoo

^ 4

j

I

Tin smith.

Teacher. Hatred.

>

Before

'^

dhar

Live

^

set

[2

c/tay-uiig Artisan

Desire.

Strike

Tin

Teacher.

^

/o j

Umbrellamaker.

Old

Will.

pUJ

Memory

Instructor

*'^''

or to remember.

^ neam

yoy

Umbrella

^ ^ ^ yun

TION.

ay Forget.

A'

~^^ mmvtig Glad.

^

•^

)

j^"

nn

gee

Happy («i

Man Of Nature

Mp^

eA«?i

Auxious

Man

fjtio

To do

^^

Watch

6^-00

Man

Disposition

I

Joy.

Grief ]

Clothes

Watchman.

I

«ow

ye

y^ yun

I

yoio

Wash

Watchmaker.

Sorry.

^ ^

«i(//j

i

Joy

/'oy

Artisan

Washerman.

^'

/oo?j

To do

MAN'S DISPOSI-

Man's disposition.

^

jo

[^ chay-ung

II.

To record.

bE

M

hay

J^

A'rtr?i

^

yung

Watch I

Bold

I

149

^

To

farn

traffic

Child boy

f"? y^y*

?/e

^^

sar7i

cho-e

1^

chay-ung Sing i

Heal

giP

^

^^

w^J"

Lead

^JC

>«oo-e

Water

y^

y((«

Man

Painter.

^^

^^

lul

gf|j

see

Instructor

)

Varnish

c/u<<

Law

1

,

Mandarin. J

\ 1^

Mfoo

or

Paper maker.

I

Mi" IR;

Pirate.

j

Lawyer.

Instructor!

die

chut

Nurse

$i5 see

^

^

!

Instructor,

\

or

I

Hand

)

Accuse

gig see

Pilot.

ho-e

chawng

Lady

3(n nigh

bands

J^

Sire

j

Lawyer. i|jf

Classifier off

•^- sow

yea

Nurse.

Tliree

srfrm

Instructor

•'''^

Instructor

I

Live

adviser.

Teacher

^M. foo

Pilferer.

^

Blow

p^

0jp see

Physician.

^

Law

Masician.

Peddler.

To do

gig see

Thief

'^

?n«?i

^

qnoon

Civil

I

Mandarin] or

Paper

gfce

Sea

^ JE^

mo

Military

gi*

quoon

Mandarin

'

Instructor

><'

)

Pastry

Mason. coolj.

Policeman.

^ ^

cA/^/t

Euvoy

yic^-

A

)

^

servant

Pj^

or JliJJ^^

A

PolicemaD.

^

look

^

^e

To do

jo
Peri Oil

some

Heart

yuu

Man

Water

jUi soo-e pip see

^.

I

Instructorl

Teacher

foo

Merchant.

Blue

Pawnbroker.

I

)

S

Coat

Porter.

0^

ii'e

P^

»ioo)i

^

kit II (J

Watch I

Door

I

Grand

I

father

dawug

^f po

Store

^

Before

.
j^

Pawn

y^ yun

,s(7)7(

live

)

Merchant

Man

Moray changer.

[Born orf

^

saij-uiig

;jH^

's!.

or

(fresh I

/

^ ^

|

t7io«)

To

?((/i<»

Silver

?/ii;i

Man 17

barter

148

H ^

chitup (look

Emperor.

Fop or dade.

Governor.

j

Whole

]

To govern

Flower

Flower

.^

Lieat governor.

^

loauiig

*^'

«/ic

August I

j

Sovereign

Grand ]§

kung

Engraver.

father

^

joo

^^


)

Manage

j

Governor

Child

"T* see

lirl

Fruiterer.

To carve

^J

//(j<

To

quore

Fruit

hart

Trader

Husband

iifoo

cut

Artisan

Executioner.

Horse

m
trr-u,

[^ chay-ung

Groom.

||

^

To

slay

Gambler

Haud

Inn-keeper.

Gamble

J^

^

deem

)

gee

)

Shop

To

1^

Lord

Farmer.

ex-

6or/;

change

^

^-(/Di

To plough

/t'ji

Farm

yiin

Man

Common

Jeweler

5J

ft/0 tR

yoi-e

Gem

1^

/.«y

Tool

[^

chay-wig Artisan

old person

^

Gardener.

Farmer.

King.

^

yin

~y

dun

Garden )

To cultivate

nung

Person

*/'

Husband

'oo

^P waung

Gentleman.

Young

lady.

Aunt

^[J A:woo

^ 'fj'

Ferry man.

3*

qnone

•7"

fl^««

Child

j

nay-ung Lady

^ ^

dough

)

gee

\

Ferry

Lord

Glass mender.

Child

^eye

]

^

Fisherman.

ho

To

Cll r7(ee

Glass

Lapidary.

;g

Prince

Tool

Stone

se<

repair

I

^^chay-nng^ Artisan

[^

chay-niig Artisan

Fish

^ ^^""^

lA

gray

beard I

147

fc

jo

To do

g

my

Sell

^

^^

s/fji

Book

"^

^gH

Cake

^

/iar«

Trader

^K

sic/;

Eat

^

!/«?!

Man

f|

high

Shoe

y^

7/«?i

Mau I

Commercial agent.

^ ^

die

Butcher.

Big

\

tar«

Rauk

j

my

^"^

^

^

my

Sell

1^

7/ooi-

Meat

/;«?•<

Trader

^

Comprador or market man

^

Baker.

Bookseller.

Cobbler.

Buy

jo

Barber.

Shave

Head

Common

Captain.

Transact

\

man j|{5f

business

'

To do work

Ship

see?i

Lord

Beggar.

Consul.

^ ^

/(«!

sec

Business

]

Blue

Vice consnl.

Assistant

glj foo

-f^

^

Police captain.

To govern

j

^

ye

Coat

55

/ow

Head

j

ZiUi

To govern

see

Business

Captain of militia. )

-&

bun

j

Soldier

Cook.

^ •^

grt-e

Cook I

Carpenter.

Boy I

Coolie (for house).

^

(^(iooii

1

jj^

(Zee??!

)

To manage

nigh

"T kung

)

Mud Worker

Wood

y^

moo/;

Pf

chay-ung\ Artisan

Shop

Coolie (for street).

;^

Head

fl§ iojo chee

Clerk.

!^

so«/

Write

^

c/iee

Letter

yun

Mau

J\^

^ %

Itut

Beg

1

146 ((')

CIVIL.

Italy,

OccDpations.

/V

Man

1/nn

China.

f

]|^ ye

Mind

F^

<7/M»(;

^

Big

^

i/fior/;


Country Japan.

Of Spain.

Busiucss

yi*

i/cep

«f_(7/(

West

JjEE

pwii

Rank

^

/((/or

Tooth

p^

Occupation

-|-

Middle

I

Interest

^Ij lay

I

yot

Day

;>jj

too»

Origin

^

i/MyrZ;

Country

H

India.

Agent.

England.

-T^ dough-e

Instead

3|| lay

Care

^

yun

Man

Pq

y^

Brave

^(tH (juoric

I

)

Country

1^

dough

Rule

^

7«ori-

Country

Russia.

Germany.

Ambassador.

chigh

Imperial

^

(/««

EnToy

P^

<7Bori

i

I

Country

^ ngaw ^ ^

yea-ork

I

Medicine

^^ may

say-ung

\

Merchant

|j| lyuoj'^

Architect.

|

Beauty

I

Country

Spring trap

s(r

To

France,

^

^

Draw

^

oaA

House

Ruler

^

/flr«

Hyacinth

p^

sigh

West Turkey.

f

mot

Ink

sigh

West Elder

ko i-hay-ung Artisan

(^

f

Mexico.

Plan

J{|^ cAjci-

rive

/(7r<

~^ woi

Sudden

/cj!c

America.

Apothecary.

^^ ]^

Power

-]-

-f'

toe

Earth

;^ IE

ye

Ear

kay

The

brother Sweden.

guork

Country

Artisan.

T [^

Work

i-un
chay-ung t

=

Artisan

^

(/U7J

Etc.

^

soo-c

Sceptre

-tt

(/a;/;

Canon

^

7i(or^-

Country

phonetic.

These phcnetics represent the Chinese attempt to reproduce foreign words.

145

^Sr oru

Peace

^ narm

South

A ynn

Mau

Uncle.

American.

Cochin Chinaman.

^

/«

Flower

?•

Term

\

endearment/

Flas

A

Uncle

Jj^ nook

Man

i/un

of

are

55

]

or

;^

Dane.

Uncle

sook

American. Father's younger brother.

Yellow]

^Wi wauntj

?«(??/

Beauty

1^

(/ifo?'^

Couutry

y^

yun

Mau

afe

:J^ sook

^ yun

Mau

^

j

/oo

j

Uncle Father

Uncle.

Dutchman.

Burman.

f!^

1

^Q

Iiaio I

Pi

'«'•"

A

2/""

Holland f

Fine

I

Uncle.

Mau

!Term

Emperors

5g

Brave

A y""

f

/«y

Interest 1

A

v'"^

Man Frenchman.

endearment!

Man

Father's

Name

of a

y""

Mau

dynasty

^

Man

yun

^ ^

^vhai' ?/!«!

Corean.

A

j

China

Man

)

or

^-0

0i

y"' t

=

Elder 'fj^

^

/«(r<

brother

FJI

Lovely

^

Man

^

chitnff

Middle

5?<07'^

Country

!/(
Man

Father

foo

(^)

^

POLITICAL. kork

Every

quark Couutry

Chinaman.

Tall

phonetic.

Father's elder brother

taiviuj

Chinaman.

A

I

brother

Rule

West

elder

hurt

Chinaman.

or

Violet

of

are

domain

^^

Luck I)

brother

silk

thread

Englishman.

Father's elder

iari

Ai/an pp.

7?i(t?i

Mau

j

hs

People! <^

143 Grand

Grandchild.

Father's younger brother's

father.

wife.

2^ -^

I

^

Grand daughter.

kung

Female

no-e

Ancestor

jo

jj|§^

\

Male

7^

sook

Uncle

^^

paio

Female

Grand mother. Father's eldest sister.

sun

]

Granf] child

Ancestor

JO

"^ B'

Grand daughter's husband.

(lie

^fgf kiooo

"^

no-e

Female

-^

siXn

Grand

;^

sigh

Son

1

I

Elder

\

Aunt

em ale

Grand father's elder brother. Father's younger sister.

child)

in law

\^

bart

^

kung

An

elder

^tg sigh

I

I

Male

"^

kiooo

\

Younger

\

Aunt

Grandson.

Grand father's younger

^

^

norm

Female or daughter.

brother.

Male

j$f no-e siiii

I

Grand

child

Grandson's wife.

^

narin

Male

.^

Sim

Grand

5^

foo

Female

y^

sook

^

kintg

Grand

Younger \

Female.

Male

father's eldest

brother's wife.

^

no-e

A

Z/""

Female I

Person I

child) Female.

'[Q

bcrrt

All elder

.^

kung

Male

^^

pa!«

Female

paio

Husband.

y^

cliay-ung\

Ten

;^

foo

Husband

\

Friend.

feet

Grand father's youngest brother's wife.

Husband.

^ ^

Old

lo I

kuvg

j

Male

7^

^ ^

A y""

Man

Younger

kung

Male

^((70

Female

^

tie j

paw

Big

Female

Friend I

\

Friend

Girl.

|

j^

710-c

]

^

gee

Great grand mother.

Man.

Male

sook

m p"« ^ yaw

Female \

Child

Grand father.

:fe

«ie

^

^-uKf/

Big j

Male

'

142 Family.

Home

car I

kuhn

Coasins.

Relat-

\

iousof a

Relatives

\

Sister in law.

he-oo j

difierei'iti

-^

i/e

^

so

Younger Brother's I

wife

Father.

surname! Brother in law.

I

Father

;5c /"<>

I \

Elder

Wife

c/ieye

Near

cliun

brother

Wife's

I

Papa,

^ %

i

Ah

\

Pa

,nr I'cir

f

n-goi-e

^

|

/oo

I

1^

I

'

(fie f

brother

brother Brother in law.

Father in law.

:^f«

cow

Younger

Out Father

CoQsins.

^

^^

A

kuiu

tie

Mothers

be-oo

Jf, hun

brother's

^

children

die

/brother Brother in law.

Coasins.

Mountain gork

A

"^^ kuin

Father in law.

iM

y«

Aunt

^

6e-oo

(v.s.))i

tie

Younger ;^--I

brother

height Danghter. Children.

'^

Father

foo

Father's elder brother.

ban

'f^

;^

foo

\

\

Elder

Father

Danghter

*A

M

Father's elder brother's wife.

\

^^ paw

Elder

Female

gree

1

7)o-e

)

Daughter

.

,

/oo

in

law

Girl

[Relat\

Female

'y I aw

^ ^

Child

Coasins.

I

Son

^1^ bart

^ ^

«i'^(

^

in law.

in law.

Ho-e

)

Daughter

siV/Zi

j

Son

II

jives

of

jthe

same J

g

(clan

in law

(Elder jfj hun

Father's younger brother.

brother

Family. I

y^ ;^

Uncle

sook I

Father

foo I

t

=

phonetic.

^

cnr

y^

^««

Home

Younger

i

I

People

^^

I

lite

/brother

—

—

POLITICAL MAN'S RELATIONS: SOCIAL MAN'S DISPOSITION.

Bride.

sun I

nay-unt/\

New Younglady

Mother's elder sister.

^ ^

Elder

die

CIVIL.

SOCIAL.

(^1)

REI-ATIONSHIP.

Mother's ye sister

(

/y

?/!
People

J

Bridegroom. Mother's younger sister.

^

"\f^

New

sun

Affinity

Younger

t

^|3 loriig

lun

(lentleman

Aont.

Mother's Elder brother.

^

lain

Father's elder sister.

Younger brother.

PP

sister

-^

die

f^

kiooo

Elder

^^

kwoo

Mother's elder brother's wife.

Mother's

Father's

die

sister

Big elder

~h^ die

I

ij^^

hun

Brothers.

brother's

wife Father's younger sister.

(v. s.)

^

Mother's younger brother's

Youuger

sigh

vife.

(v.s.)

Father's f(g'

kivoo

Small sister

Sister In law.

(younger) j

^ M

die

Boy.

Elder Brother's

S

riarm

J

Male

wife

^

gee

)

Child

so

Mother's

^^ hnn

brother's

wife 16

SECTION

III.

;;; ,

;

139

(4) 4 and

Rad. 3 and 4.

^.

I

together

;

^. ^

I

^,

|

—

—

crackers;

^

|

vn, a pill

;

^M

>

Yf.

I

pill

pill

:g:

;

— ^i ^ ^—

,

one

1^

a

pellet

pills;

pill

j^

;

I

|

(art,

,

cere;

^, vermilion;

I

cere heart;

—

heart;

^^

to;

,

alchymy; to

tice

4 tt

I

^

;

distil

govern

|31

;

A ^

master of a family ,

donor; J^,

creditor;^

the tablet;

-&,

mistress

y^,

to rule;

I

to decide

to rest with;

M

rich

I

;

|

man

J

;

solid, firm

;

,

the

Rad.

J Jh

'nai,

a

use;

j^

;

;

but

for

W

I

K,

;

certainly

|

,

Your Highness;

|

;

f^, a |

[^

the mana-

fj^,

/

;^^,

you

,

also |

;

to wit

pj, then

affair.

^f^

^ ^p

ven's plain decree;

^

,

|

him or them;

^

Jstu, see

^,

g^

it;

^

;

strike

who

how? is

no

whither are you

who purchase them

which, or he

hea-

there

those

allow him; permit

|

^

^.

|

;

^jj*

,

grant

|

)

^,

»

it;

that

rules.

R. 167.

^|E ch/i, suddenly; unexpect<;dly; inad-

;

I

;

all

B

,

at once

;

|

happened to

fSi, suddenly there is

^i, see;

sud|

^^

some and then

nothing.

^

fot,,

3

1

\,

I

^>

"(cf,

|

-(JJ,.

impossible

,

I

-^

|

B^

|

she;

^^^

(in the Classics);

the good and had,

denly

;

a long

a virtuous person;

I

to bo ;

erelong; J^itj^ use, for very long

I

vertently

4,

for;

permanent

go to

to

long

iUi, have

)

;

sign of the genitive; he;

,cAi,

it;

some-

^ij,

|

long parted

been long lookmg

left stroke.

then

forsooth

rather long;

,

I

separated,

going?

will;

\

|

pS. |

so long! very long;

,

\

^, to patronize

^

tasting;

intervals, does

p^

(JS-'fuf

ger of a marriage.

p'it^,

times come;

such thing;

the seller

,

[

secure

;

,

|

|

-ff power to decide

^,

|

Jjg

put up

to

'^,

^H^, sometimes comes,

I

a ruler; to rule;

the true lord;

,

the

,

-f^

jjjij]

2

5.

sometimes; at

a very long time;

,

|

^

,^,

I

to have

;

I

comes at short

,

host;

,

|

31.

see K.

|

how then?

^

;

^,

]

\,

|

govern; to

to cut grass

,

at intervals, sometimes;

,

I

|

benefactor;

a princess;

,

|

;

,

)

ancestral tablet

I

f|]j

^O'*^""-

'

'

eign of a state or nation;

I

pS-

medicine.

I

^,

^

3I5,

a lord; principal, chief; to

'chu,

rule, to

a

|

perpetual;

,

\

I

to prac-

.

I

|

,i^,

7.

gg, E.

see

certain times;

efficacious pill or re-

a good prescription;

"Jj, divine medicine

;

|

peace, as a country.

mne;

'kail,

sin-

sincere

entirely devoted

l}!^,

|

an

, I

medy; I

|

t^

^

;

I

i^, a

|

lg[, of a vti>

dead and

this is

,

^fi 'lean, long, a long time;

sin-

;

clever;

;

^, at

•^

carnation color or colored

|

^, R.

sz\ four; see

^

pellet.

44-

j|;[^

^-, then

|

^.

ngdi^, to cut, as grass; to

I

a me-

,

I

search your heart.

X

take one

,

I

to swallow a

,

|

I

ijfii

•

;

;

;

f?q

yo"'' ancestors

ffl.

I

regulate

P'"^ inclosed in wax;

to roll

dicinal

a

I

^ ^ \[

3,

V*«, a lord, chief; a point; a flame.

[I'll;

^

;

yig, five; see

Rad.

"/»L

but as to

buried forsooth

f^. a E^,

|

4 Strokes.

4.

or will do then;

will do,

it if,

string of beads.

a,

3

a

a jilau to swindle

bunch of

Btring or

^,

|

to league

,

I

^, to band together;

I

2

—

to string beads;

Btring of cash;

Rad.

Strokes.

1

want; wanting; lack;

^' '"

4

'

;;

138

SPECIMEN PAGES OF A CHINESE ENGLISH DICTIONARY. The student is here shown page 4 and 5 of a regular dictionary; in conjunction herewith the student is referred to section IV of tills book on the Use of a Chinese Dictioniirv. (5) Had. 4 and

9 and

5.

want of food jpj

^ Sp.

"^

,

I

I

surprise; a note of interrogation; often

a verb

after

in,

out

J^

,

:

the vocative;

|

from

of,

amazing!

nearly, almost; perhaps;

we ? may we do

Pj

|

/f-

.

with

this; rtj

same

^

^,

5|J I

7

I

,

,

|

bke; the

,

|

not delightful

^\

from him;

it

y^

'/-f

perverse; strange; crafty;

t&. malidous; wily; ingenious

^

-^

;

^^

f!^

so

,

S,

|

well

imac-

^

nhiw)^ to

mouot;

to ride in or on, to

emliraco. to avail of, to take advantage

of; to multiply;

I

to get into

^^.

I

portunitv,

jjur}>osu

able time;

op-'

improve a favor-

^J Jl^. ^'

I

cloud up to heaj^n

a carnage;

;

|

'*'

'"''^

^ ^

18 itr*

not good?

^-

"'•y? for

j^. what

tti|. |

^M'

-^

gotKi,

is it

nothing very

Spi^.

]

|l/g,

why

[^§-^(l/l^.

!

ilf.

I

^

,

i^

y*^"

*^*^

good.

t^ar;

beg; to request; to ask;

Ut

hat^^

^, to

m,

beg food.

-^,

I

to ask

JK,

I

a

'ij'',

to be,

^g

(if

I

benevolence;

.

gootl^css

not worth dreading;

is

may

not;

=-gfgj!R

rae

way; 5fC

such thing;

pL

-^ ^^

-^

is *

that

,

1

not tho

be re

is

has already;

'W',

^^ divine;

»

I

and

filial

pfg^^^

|

.just Mike; *^''

^^

^.

I

gourJ'r ^Z-^jpf

tt.ta

does he understand

from which one may depart

I

further;

also;

I

fraternal dutiesi'

riijht

,

to sneeze.

^^.

|

,

I

do you lonipare

^,

|

'^, there are or there were;

I

,

-^

a favor;

2

|

hegr

would further [or

,

\

^,a.

\

particle;

tinaJ

^^t-

°" "

to take a

^g,

what?

gf-,

|

I

f/j^py "(Jt-

|

wry

not

IS

what

I

a

[

aritb

way? Mj^^'j Pgl^?

a.t in that this

^

1"

your namf?

to

,^,

embrace an

•<»

fl^. to

I

|

to get into

^g,

|

,1^^.

I

^^^.

plan;

to

mount a horse; chair;

eft

I

what

Ml-

"'">*'

y^ Fi^^

countable.

^,

|

who? why?

mal^, what?

again] request; :Jy

|

clever,

,

|

\

trained! said of a child,

*^

the emperor's palace;

the emperor;

humbly beg;

vast!

j^

|

ninety-nine to a bun

luetic. J\ji^

^^ ^

r

higher than heaven;

IS

^i^, asked

bow

jAinii,

3fe

IS It

,

I

nothing

^U

the same class;

as; just as; of

^IJI

^

agrees

Jfj^.

|

-^

,

|

is it

,

consists in;

,

to issue from;

,

I

eqiial to, like;

I

|

obtained from; -ct

,

I

,

|

|

right or not ?

^may

i^^.

,

{

^ ^

?

it

sign of

;

classes of people;

likely,

^,

dred;

an inteijertion of admiration or

J,

most

,

I

7 Strokes.

5.

J^, the nine

imp>overiehe
Wfanod, fatigued.

,

I

|

poor,

,

1

lack of, wanting

,'

;

bK

Rad.

Strokes.

1

|

no

—

why?

,

^jq

the

5

do against the

7

[

,

to ask

wife.

^k

thintf,

a classifier of chariots; a teem

of four horses

u chariot.

;

Had.

2j

curved, bent

«',.

cause; I

^

,

5,

^

first,

|

,

;

^

to erase

second;

%iw, nine;

plication table;

1

I

|

and

,

the

correct;

this. |

^ jJJ,,

m

'mtin,

to

forced to

bt;

inclination, to urge;

Zu

6r8t

of oflicul rank; the ninth grade;

milk; the breast; tender; soft;

'",

the nine grades I

compell-

read 'mantj, a toad.

f'<\,

^ ^ ^

|K[. a multi-

JgJ,

|

I

,

.

Pi

I

butter; I

the breast;

I

^, |

to suck

.

lo wean;

I

^

.%\

frankincense;

Q',

,'^

cheese;

a wet nurse.

|

|

yj^,

OTj,

137

A

A

kun

guy

Guard

#1

Diliffeut

yow

It

Have

chew-e

koong

•^W

Oh!

Merit

I

yun

Man

Hequeath

Teach

hay

Ought

ngaw

^^

gee

2/e

A 173

174

17o

176

I

gee

gee

Child

Child

l-^I^ Only

I'lay

kum Gfdd

got

^ C—^

Effort

"*7^

Zicfc

;?) 173 174 175 176

»

>

'

^ ^>^

Not

One

Full

yick

kua

yun

Add

Strength

Men bequeath

I

1 1

t,^3ii» Classic

Mi

to their children, coffers of gold. teach you children, only this one book. Diligence has its reward, play has no advantages. Gh be on your guard and put forth your strength. I

!

,

Coffer

136

172

170

171

qiiO)tig

^ /"W

Liglit

Haise

169

say-ung

yow

Above

Young

ye

gee

X/

^

y^V-*

Oil

Name

And

^-^^xV. Cause

liawk

qilone \

|3U

Before

'^'^i»

soo-e

Ruler

i^^und

chawng

/u'»i

»

b hand

Display

down

I

Below

/art

^yj >

Learn

.^^^^ Father

t_)n

*»

'

Fertilize

^I

Strong

^

ye

And

i

how

i^ ^^

After

y^^

^J'

mo Mother

"X,,^

V^ \^

mun People

^ ^^ >^

I

ham Act

169

Learn while young, and when grown

170 171 172

learned. Influencing the sovereign above, and benefitting the people. Make a name for yourself, and glorify your father and mother. Shed lustre on your ancestors, and enrich your posterity.

up, apply what you have

135

awn

165 166 167 168

The dog keeps guard by night, the cock proclaims the dawn. If foolishly you do not study, how can you become men? The silkworm produces silk, the bee makes honey. If a man does not learn, he is not equal to the brutes.

1:^4

M.i'^)]

Correct

chee

Word

161

162 163 164

He was ranked

as an inspired child*, and was appointed rector OF Texts. He, although a child, was already in an official position. You, young learners, strive to bring about a like result. Those who work, will also succeed as he did.

*) In our

copy purchased

Ybh, age seven years,

is

in N. Y. City, there occurs an omission of the one referred to.

two stanzas

a

Cor-

— Lbe-oo

,

133

160

159

ye

You

warm Male

158

^k

^

157

bay

^:

^:1

They

Q no-e

foe

Girl

Toe

C5

giee

^^l^

xJrAr^^k dawng

i^ 0>

Ought

see-o

Youug

^

I

Child

sun

>wjr

Child

JL ^^^^

A^

chay

I

Yet

"^

choonq

mww

nun Able

Abie

>^4^>v-^Clever,

>^

^^ [^

I

won

'

'^ J£ /l^

bean

>N

Hum

-^^l

Judge

v

yum

^^^f

AiMm

™""^": ^^Y^"»°

^^W

157 Cho-k Mun Kay was able to judge from the sound of a 158 Jay Toe Won was able to compose verses. 159 They were only girls yet they were quick and clever. 160 You boys, ought while young to fulfil your part.

lute.

Lute

182 156

il

155

154

Ml R Sliarp

Bayii /

O

3^

Leiirn

er((.'iv(

^ i©

dawng

ijun

Ought

Man

(0

bart

Jt^ soo-e

soo-e

.^,.,Ji-*

Yuuif /

chut

(/.'0>l

Young'

153

Year

/|1^

Able

Yeiir

Abli."

won .,^5^Vv.lniitate

158 15-i

155 156

-^--jT^Enritl.'

i^li'^Epigram

>'0^

Recite

Y'uNG at eight yeais of age, could compose poetry. at seven years of age, wrote an epigram on Kaij. These youths were quick of appiehensioii the people declared them to be prodigies. You young learners ought to imitate them.

Bay

,

131

152

150

151

149

xje

You

K-^^-

He

see-oo

mam

Small

Late

sarn

Bor

MK

Complete

% ^ '

chung

Should

Crowd

lup Establish

i

gee

\

m.

chun

"""^ -^

X

Reply

die

.

X

Then

,

130 148

i/e

You

AfL

'"'

^h %^ Begin

fart

Small

^

^^"^Already

V>^

'j:

Born

Espec-

Ought

So

lo

Lo

/ifen

ye

ijow

2/fi

i

Energy

Old

y/Vi^

Emit

fun

io

^^J—i*

so

'':\

Read

2

shii

sup

Book

10

chick

f/lMt

ially

foo-e

I

Early

*

V

"

Repent

chee

Late

"^«vt»

Record

So-Lo-Chees at the age of twenty seven At length began to show his energy, and devote himself to the study of books. 147 Then when already past the age, he deeply regretted the delay. 148 You little boys, should take thought betimes.

145 146

129 144

143

t

sun

Bodv

soo-e

I

Although

^

lore

Toil

yow

Still

foo

Bitter

^

hawk Learn

Then we have one who put fireflies in a bag, and another who used the white glare from snow, (because too poor to pay for candles); 142 Although their families were poor, these men studied unceasingly. 143 Again there was one who carried fuel, and one who used hoi-ns 141

as pegs. *

Although they toiled with their bodies, they were nevertheless remarkable for their studies.

144 *)

i.

e.

,

"while riding

buffalo's horns

'.

liis

huflfalo afield,

read from one book and hung the others on the

;

128 140

tow

liaij

Head

hiin

hut

Not

>^r* Hang

fc^vx^

^^:;

-^ "TVV-V ""rVyv

Self

^^

Ik'aiii

Hook

—

<

)i)('n

>; Not

s/i«

Awl

I

^

bay

/'"

lay-itng

If^

'^W

137

IHS

18!l

Yet.

Kush

i

^ "•

'^

pin

Plait

S.Ti rape

chook

fe/^Diligen.

'^I

J

I'i-'*k

X

*

Know

'

Bamboo

>J

mean

-*-^^

1S7

Bitter

yp7

Thigh

j^Afj

Ert'oi-t

^Vf

I

Tal.let

One opened out rushes, and plaited them together; another scraped tablets of bamboo; [to make writing tablets].

138 These men had no books, but they knew how to make an eifort. 139 One tied his head to the beam above him, another pricked his thigh with an awl [to keep themselves awake while studying] 14U They were not taught, but toiled hard of their own accord.

127

136

#

bay

He

^•±

^Official

dook

Learn

chay

"w-*" Moi

Read

«o

Lo

\\X^oy-ung \ 'P'y Xotwith standing

ml

133 134 135 136

i1i

gen t

Dis-

vrfi^ conrse

Teacher

wng\

kun

Diligent

liawk

,^f^^D

^f,

Study

awuerf 3

Jj

tork

Tork

Of old, Chung Nigh (Confucius) took Hawng Tork for his teacher; The inspired men and sages of old, studied diligently nevertheless. Chee-oo, President of the Council studied the Lo text of the Lun; He when already an official, studied and moreover vi^ith diligence.

126

IW

132

129

cIli'-OO

Morning

If

At

ill

J'

History

ick

Evcnin";

^ #

ye

At

This

|l»

Ye who read history, must study the State Annals, Whereby you will understand ancient and modern events, though having seen them with your own eye. 131 Recite tliera with the mouth, and ponder them in your hearts; 132 Do this in the morning, do this in the evening.

129 130

as

125 125

y§

sup

yeem

10

Fiery

hart

soong

V* Govern

^^

hun

clieen

Con-

Transmit

fusion

^t?

gee

now

J^ ">

^

chiln

-'^T

c''«-^

hun Rise \

\^^

narm

st?

All

i

^

Are

k ^-*

m "»1^

fifee

.^f^^ Decay ^J^

Jt

Here

I

Sooug

Rise

,1^

l'

Bouth

sOt^

Receive

chow

'""

I North

y'

Chow

quone

seen

Blend

Resignation

House of Soong arose, and received the resignaHouse op Chow 126 Eighteen times the throne was transmitted, and the North and South were re-united. 127 The Seventeen Dynastic Histories are all included in the above; 128 They contain examples of good and bad government, whence may 125

Then the

fire-led

tion of the

;

be learnt, the principles of prosperity and decay. 15

124

124

^pP ' 'I

121

122

123 lay-ung

ye

^*J^ Lay-ung

Entitle'

2

aup

met Extin-

10

aruish

4\

doi-e

nasty

J

I

W

^

•^r 121

122 123 124

All

Have

(/ou>

Cause

chun

Sree

^1

Chun

It

^

sfwy

'il^

/>^^

I

cwp

Keach

^y^

Hun

^T^l

chow

y J

Chow

quork

n ^ ^%J.^

4

c/itn

sarm

Nation

nigh

hart

Then

100

^°'

^C^'^V-Change

cho-e

Year

Twenty times the throne was transmitted in a period of 300 years; The Lay-UNO State destroyed it, and the dynastic title was changed. The Lay-ung, the Twang, the Chun, the Hun, and the Cnow, Are called the Five Dynasties, and there was a reason for the establishment of each.

;

123

120

Remove

n

cho-e

Cho-e

Conf'u

sion

1

1

ehawng Establish

quork

Earth

Nation

^ ~

117

US 119 120

tion

the Cho-e Dynasty, the empire was united under one ruler The throne was not transmitted twice, succession to power being lost.

At length under

The

first

Emperor

He put an end

of the

Tawng Dynasty,

to the disorder of the

the foundations of his

line.

raised volunteer troops; established

House of Cho-e and

122 116

lie

Ye

Mini

vhow

;D

(

'how

lay-wig

ye

Wirh

^ '^

4

Divide

'

>*

Capital

chun

Ao

Ko

Cheyel

Lay-ung

East

^^^

^

Kum

/m«

Lun

'

J

Chun

sun

Receive

113 Then followed the Soong, and the Chey Dynasties and after them the Layung and Chun Dynasties 114 These are the Southern Dynasties with their capital at Kum Lun. 115 The Northern Dynasties are the Nguy Dynasties of the Yin family, which split into Eastern and Western Dynasty; 116 The Chow Dynasty of the Ye Mun family, and the Cheye Dynasty of the Ko family. ;

121

109

110 ho

nguy\

,5*-r-C*^

see

V 1^

guorng

Name Nguy

sarm Three

quork

King-

dom

ngfot

^^ •

Reach

Quorng

chook

'7

Chook

^ ^

^

00

4^^Mo

Um

chung

charn

Fight!

*

>

End

X

dung

lay-ung

35

\

^

1^

Make

Two

lly^

chun

9

Chun

iTii

Hiin

dun Tripod

>/V

>k

With

>^^-

East

kiln

Hiin

Then Quorng Mo arose, and founded the Eastern Hun Dynasty; 400 years, and ended with the Emperor Heen; 111 Nguy, Chook and Um, fought for the sovereignty of the Huns; 112 They were called the Three Emperors, and existed until the Two

109 110

It lasted

Chun Dynasties.

120 106

107

108

105

yun

cliin

J-

Arrive

* I

Transmit

tKuV

Yun i

how

chun

^

How

Pun I

-^^r^y^

Rise

^^

Waung

mauny

ung

sarn

;^' 105 106 107 108

surp

^A^

Sigh

^ Vj

Chun

Family

chaw

^^ ^

c/iee

Chaw

^^y^

Begin

/lom

y^

Horn

ijl^

chani]

^^

Contend

'fcen

Together

n

Then the House of Chun descended from the Yun family,

bun

Unite

finally

united all the states under one sway. The throne was transsmitted to Ye Sigh, upon wliich arose the strutigles between the Chaw and Horn states. Then Ko Cho arose, and the House of Hun was established. When we come to the reign of How Pun, Waung Maung usurped the throne.

119 103

104

JuZ^Five;

chun

Chief

5

Jc

Seven

I

^L

^^ ^

chow

1

tumn

yv

chung

jfL

>

*

cheen

•

ight Vib'ight,

Come-

102

The arbitrament

Cartrut

Spear

Quore

Shield;

>^^^"

^1^ Esteem

^--iT*'^'

East

waung Prince

kaung

2^"'''

Bond

Travel!

chew-e

oun-

State

forth

When

cheat

quork

chut

101

/^,|^^^( Jhow

korn

\

End!

^

—

I

pring

Strong

chut

101

y^X^Begin '^.^^ident

bar

kail -ung

102

I

Sink

sel

the Chows slackened.

made

tracks

of spears

eastward,

the

feudal

bond

was

and shields prevailed, and peripatetic

politicians wei'e held in high esteem.

103 104

period began with the Spring and Autumn epoch, and ended with that of the Waeeing States. Next the Five Chieftains domineered, and the Seven Martial States came to the front.

This

118

99

100 hart

f+l /

I

98

J

rlinw

t'hnw

Tiiwng

100

fnrt

,^^^Mo

Pi Hundred:

I

I'aung

Year

Kiiii,''

^^

'

liar

Years

Har

quork

chay-ung

_

a

Arrive

l^--^

ame

^ ^

^"CT,, #

97

Tawkg title

State

ho

c/i«

Sh.N

Wasting

Fell

dio-e

r/io-e

^^^T^Begiii

^.^

tdwng

hart

cho-e

)py

97

"uTDisapI

»

(the completer) destroyed the

say-iing

S;iv-uug

pear

Har dynasty,

and the dynastic

became Say-ung.

98 The line lasted for HOG years, ending with Chow. 99 King Mo of the Chow dynasty, finally slew Chow. 100 His own line lasted 800 years, the longest dynasty of

all.

117

93

chow

har

Chow

Har

raun

mo

chun

Entitle

^ ^ __

tJ I

Have

.ve

Ye

*say-ung

Say-ung

^ waung

yow

J/OU)

Have

(aitrnji

Ruler

awugl

»

(B

93 The Har dynasty had Ye, the Say-ung dynasty had Tawng. 94 The Chow dynasty had Mun and Mo these are called the Three Kings. 95 Under the Har dynasty, the throne was transmitted from father to ;

96

son, making a family possession of the empire. After four hundred years, the inipei-ial sacrifice House op Har.

passed

from

tlie

Ufi

90

91

92

tawng\

/lO

Name

iiwDijIg

^^

Yi

1

-^

,^^

Yow

ye

\iiilid raw

chun

Entitle:

sun Pntsperous

7:^ ho

Name

ye

Tw.

89

i *•"

/^t

Tliree

watoi^

Ruler

koo-e

A.bide

•^^

firee

^3^-^

Arrive

^ _h -^

waung

say-ung

<.

Tor

gee

ik

Govern

Rule,

nST'-^r

y

K"'"'

89 From Hay and Nung on to the Yellow Emperor. 90 These are called the Three Rulers, who lived in the early ages. 91 Tawng and Y'ow Y'e are called the Two Emperors. 92 They abdicated one after the other, and their's was the GOLDEN AGE.

115 87

86

^

>\jT^r'

^A^Mun

assic

I

'•^^

mun\

^^^^

hin

Examine

85

I

3 I

(A*

I

^

I

I

ung

Jim

Fh

Cil

gee

\_

tion

^ y

i

-^otiQi-g[

^

Philoso-|

I

Chungl ^

pher

f

[3

tung

high

I 'Connect;

M

%

Kuow

^

if

dook

Jpl

Rea.l

gee

All

^ \

85 86 87

88

The

chee

gee

^

Pierce

gee

chiing

j

^ J '^f

Philoso-

pher 1

diay

^

One

Gee

JL

k

lo

Lo

see

five chief philosophers are

Sun, Yea-ung.

MuNG Chung Gee, Lo and Chawng.

When

the Classics and the Philosophers are mastered the various Histories should be read. The genealogical connections should be examined, so that the end of one dynasty, and the beginning of the next may be known. ,

I

S4

s;!

II

S2

SI

IImvc

kiiil

The 1

^

'^^

Tl

113

80

79

78 ho

see

^\^

Dwell'

t^y

77

Name:

Poetry

^

yiit

Speak

quork

_^>^^^ Praise

CMyC^

^^""i

XV^Blame

^

K^ l.^

When,

^

mawng

^ Jp

Disap-;

^ »T

-^

^

^^

^^

chun

Spring

4

sec

Poetry

State

|.

S^^U

/^Vj

dawng Ought

e;

77 78

79

80

Speak

ngar

>^/S^utumn

^'J^

Hum

y^ Sm.

Odes

chung

orA;

i^r>

Wind

ijiit

seen

Good

fung

Pane-

Bad

gyric

We

speak of the Quork, of the of the Ghawng. These are 4 sections ot the 5oo/i'

Fung; we speak

of the

Ngar and

o/" Poetry, which should be hummed over and over. When Odes ceased to be made the Spring and Autumn Annals were produced. These Annals, contain praise and blame, and distinguish the good from the bad. ,

112

A

sut

To tmnsniit

73

74

75

76

die

ngaw

\

My

Big

look

)

Holv

Littl '^

die

^

Word

y^

3

Die

*

^

kay

.Queen's


^

Name

"^

kung

Duke

Code

chork

gee

^t

Polite

illus-;

cere-

monies

*

>p

serve

'^

/

gee

trate

Make

f

I

ngavuk

?(•«

chow

Name

Polite

Music

5ft'

cere-

Y V-*

Govern

>^ I

73 74 75

m

Prepare

^p[^

kay

>g^

cord

«1

IS

J^ ^^

lie

Polite

BodyyjjgL

cere-

monies

ruler Kay, drew up the Ritual of the Chow Bynastii. set forth the duties of the six classes of officials, and thus a settled form to the government. The elder and the younger Die, wrote commentaries on the

Our

He

of 76

6a,

of

kingdom

monies

gave

Book

Rites.

They transmitted the Holy Words set in order.

^

and Ceremonies and Mvsic were

Ill

72

70

71

69

you)

^

Have

'

4

Have

' i

^

Have

* "•

Have

,

chow

>^^

Swear

'*y^\

/

Code

mun

Name

lean

of

Chain

Kingdom

yick

Command

•4";

Diagram

!oiinsel

(change)

0.

Mountain

(order)

s/lM

Book

:t

Have

yick

fun

gee

Of

sarm

yaw

W'

Instruc-

Diagram

tion

(change)

ko I

Infor-

mation

69 70 71

^ ^f

yow

Have

queye

Kefuge

y^chay-ung

J^V

\::?-T^Explain

'^BV

chawng Hide

is the Lean Sam, system, there is the Queye Ghaiong. there is the system of the Changes of the Chow Dynasty, such are tiie three systems which elucidate the changes. There are tlie Regulations, and Counsels, the Instruclions Announ-

Here

And

,

cements.

72

The Oaths, History.

the Charges,

these are the profundities of the Book of

no 65

66

67

how

ho

V*

V-A\

M

Poetry

look

>

^

M

Follow,^^

Piety

I

kun

s/iii

I5ook

Six

kun

-^^

y

>

Classic

ykk

I

rough

Diagram >^*,jL-»

Classic

Classic

''^^^.i^,-

"iider iider-

staud or pierce

'"

Nppy

Should

Polite rites

see

chee

lie

^^

7C Four

Begin

chun

shit

J

Spring

^ I*

kow

^*^

I

c/iow

__^»''3^

May

t;^ ^^

duck

^fj^%^

Book

sook

Well done i.

e.

cooked

6o

When are

66 67

the Classic of Filial

known by

Piety

is

mastered, and the Four Books

heart.

The next step is to the Six Classics, which may now be studied. The Books of Poetry, of History, and of Changes, the Rites of the Chow Dynasty, the Book of Rites, and tiie Spring and Autumn Annals. called the Six Classics, which should be carefully explained and analyzed.

68 Are

109 64

63

^

gee

Prom

62

61

chalk

(•"

chung

To make

1

Middle

^t

>^|

i"* chalk I

To

(book))

write

Middle

# #

(/wng

^L.

S^ee

Arrive

^

Course

yung

nigh

Course

That

nigh

;^

That

(book)|

chun

CInm

J

^^

Philosop her

-^^

Chang.:

I^X^

Yung was written by Kung Cup. 62 Chung (the middle) being that which does not lean towai'ds any side, Yung (the course) being that which cannot be changed. 63 He who wrote the Great Learning was the philosopher Chun. 64 Beginning with the cultivation of the individual, and ordering of the family it goes on to government of one's own state, and 61 Chung

tranquilization of the empire. 14

1U8

59

57

kaung

Group

Kxplain

dough

J^

^^^ Way

X

^«Kxempli^J\^fication

swt

hin

ijuone

^

^

^p9

sation.

zye

die

gee

Conver-

Student (or)phil.)-

^*

Youth

gopher

^rS^ /gl

1^

One

I

j/ee

Student

^pf

y^ Sentence

^

Seven

One

ye

chitt

pound.

/a?/

iLj< emem-

Twol

ber to

!/un

^:

Charity

ye

Duty

pin

Virtuous

Pages

gee

ytn

Stop

Words

-Y

10

X^ 57 58

59 60

Here

is L?<« Zi/e, in twenty sections; In this the vaiious disciples have recorded the wise sayings of Confucius. The works of Mencius, are comprised in seven sections. These explain the and ths exemplifications thereof and expound Charity, and Uuty to one's neighbor.

WAY,

56

^

lOfi

52

^-1 -

chee

yLJ '^

51

I

^""^This This

50

I

^

quonel

^'^X-7

"" / •^ X

49

^\^

,^r^

yfi ys^ ^ ^ ^ ^-^.rother ^

foo

Elder

Priuic -^ Prime

~

^"^^irother

Father

Sree

Ten I

/\

I

Rule

>^^

I

I

Rule

'""'

Associ-

Son

?/un

_.
J^y,

Kindness

ate

^

^

foo

Man

fl*

Minister

^^^Vounger

^/\eHusband

brother

foo

ff\

wl

Aflfection

and

1

m

choong

(oongf

^P^

49

H'j

between

father

and

J'] %

-

child,

al koong

-^f .

^

Wife

choong

harmony between husband

wife.

50 Friendliness on the part of elder brothers, respectfulness on the part of younger brothers. 51 Respect on the part of the sovereign loyalty on the part of subject. 52 These ten obligations, are common to all men. ,

;

105

45

One's

own

self

^0J

father's

father

father

chun

2/e

And

gee

Son

gee

Son

^W^

Grand

^f^%

father's

1^

father

M

p

Father's

X A

father

foo

Father

ye

XtT)

Great great;

grand son

45 46 47 48

And

Grand child

ye

y1T7

t

And

One's

own

self

Great great grandfather, great grandfather, grandfather, father and self; Self and son son and grandson. From son and grandson on to great grandson and to great great grandson These are nine generations, and constitute the relationship of man. ,

104

^.M ^ i

Gi

»*i

I

42

43

44

'^

Silk

chtick

41

^

poiii

Gom

Love

toe

vwoo

Eartli

Hate

«/u«

Say

Joy

--*-S^

got

^t

>^

Skin Desirei

-_,

Anger

yut >u'g/i

/ >W

Then

/J

/

^^Wooa

-^

hart

Eight

Say

Then

c/lMt

--"^.^ ;5 "^'Jt y\^ Stone

01

Seven

Sorrow

lark

CT

Sounds/

^l7^

Gold

I

Q

Passions

^^ | — Delight

We speak of joy, of anger, we speak of sorrow, of delight; 42 Of love, of hate and of desire, these are the seven passions. 43 The gourd, earthenware, skin, wood, stone, and metal; 44 Silk, and bamboo, yield the eight musical sounds, [i.e., the gourd furnishes such musical instruments as the mouth organ the 41

—

—

earth the ocarina the skin the stone, the hanging musical stone guitar -- and bamboo, the flute]. ,

,

drum

—

—

wood

,

the castanet

metal, the gong

—

—

silk, the

103 39

40

38

^ M f

chee

i^b '>AN

The

Horse

look

ngow

Beasts

>5r

\

^

ox

Spiked

Six

millet.

cook

kwoo

yun

warf

_-^P**

n^

'(/un

fc/g/i

Man

hickeni

saw

>

Rice

lay-ung

look

ijea-ung

c.hook

dough

This ::

Cow

Six

(or)

^i

37

TJ

/itin

I

/

#-

Man

^^

saw

V

sicfc

l^mm

^^^

What

gee

see

j

^

^^

c/u/c

Feed

37 38 39 40

Rice, spiked millet, pulse, wheat, glutinous millet, common millet; These six grains, are those which men eat. The horse, the cow, the sheep, the fowl, the dog, the pig; These six beasts, are those which men keep.

35

36

34

33

//uf

^

^"^

'

riiis

V^

Say

*—^

•'^^

This

Say

I

I

— r' -^

,HuiiiaFiv,.

„JZL

^p-^Hy"(or) lity (or)

Jx P^***^'Vater

Five

hilarity

xay-ung

t

.'/'

Jiarn

Virtues (or) con-

ifss (or)

stant

luty

#

^'or

fore

Lcliteous-

|JJL»ess

(or)

Elements

'^

^

Fire

-^

Ori-iu

4 ^^' ood

[iropriety

%

bo

M'

Wisdom

outaiu

lun

Gold

I

son

^

gum

so

-

toe

I

Confusn (or) tangle

I

I

^

•^ness(or) truth

\^?>J

""^^

Number

-[^J^V.

^

*

Earth

^

I

33 We speak of water fire wood metal and earth 34 These five elements, have their origin in number. 35 We speak of charity, and duty; of propriety, of wisdom, ,

36

,

,

,

;

and

of truth; These five virtues are not easily confused (or admit of no compromise).

101

32

30

31

29

yut

Say

^_

see

^^-^

r3p/

Pour

y5^«^"-'

V-^

e?

Four

yS^f

Spring

>(|pS::

won

^m£

Fulfil

w^^

see

South

i^J^t"""'

yun

k\Xi

/arw

yut

e?

Circle

Say

or) re-

Say

volve voive

^^

"*|

sigh

foo

To

\L^

Weal

-m^

doong

_

^^ ^

^

but

\

^'*'*"^

yT^^CAutumn

Not

!

tchoong Middle

\J^

Ending East

31

32

\A\^

(or)

exhaust

29 30

doong

koong

Winter

J

We speak of Spring and Summer we speak of Autumn and Winter; These four seasons, are circle not ending, (or revolve without ceasing). We speak of the youth and North, we speak of the East and West, These four segments, fulfil the requirements of the centre [i. e. occupy fixed positions, as regards any given centre.] ,

;

1

28

> >

f

1

Ml

26

27

foo

sarm

sarm'

sarrn

l':itlier

Three

Mrce

Three

gee

kaung

Son

Law

Powers

chun

jay

jay

One's

One's

^

quone

lusband

XV^jf

Kin"

a

quomg\

Xll'^ObeTor III

|iIli;irmonv

r\7\

I

^Uft

tane

Sun

eaveu

yut

day

sun

Benevolence

^^

cho-e

yot

Moon

yare

^^

Star

Earth

yun

Man

,"^!--'

25 The Three Forces are, Heaven, Earth, and Man; 26 The Three Luminaries, Sun, Moon, and Star. 27 The Three Bonds are (1) The obligation between sovereign and subject 28 (2) The love between father and child; (3) The harmony between husband and wife. ,

99

24^

23

24

21

sow bart

yot

100

One

-^^

(jee

P' or

Know

(head)

mott'

ye

t'/V

And

And

Whatj

'*'7X^ ertain)

! die

I

Mathe-

Ten

1000

\

Pictv

k ^

sup

matics

I

I

/lOtt)

'^

I

brother J

chee

I

1000 I

I

10

^W^ Know

•Jud

kin

What

See

ertain)

mam' 10.000

21 22

23 24

mun

barf

1^

y^

Name

Begin with filial piety, then see and hear; Learn to count, learn to read; Units and tens, tens and hundreds, Hundreds and thousands, thousands and tens of thousands.

Hear

ftS

20

IS

19

17

Hay- 3 "UK 13

,'0M)

'V^

Towards

Four

j^J \

Tn

y ^^

Ni ne

/WH

"^T^^^

Didrr

/'1|V

Years ''^^/Tir'^'i-OMts

nu7i

,'/'-'

Srt

Could

Should

M-

it'

Year

At

nun Can

That

won

U

gee

^.tt 17 18

19

^

Ik'for

Know

^L

Should

l/jC^

Warm

chick

^f

ri

Mat

nine year old, could warm (liirf parents') bed; Piety to parents, is that which we should know. Yung when four years old could forego apricots (for the sake of

Chatung when ;

,

others).

20

To act as a younger brother from tho beginning.

to

an older brother, one should know

—

16

15

14

13

yoke

chun

Gem

raw

—

To

near

be

(or)

Jade

j

but

l^

>^

(Teacher

^^

2/oto

^J^ A^

J

Friend

^

f

3«,

"""l^Son

X-^^fc,

>^ ^

^"Man

(or)

Child

Not

Itiiwk

^^ ^ ^^ 1^^

Not

de-oak

Learn

6Mt

Study

*^or) )r) Prac Prac-

^^

At

I

^

•

Not

*

Not

tice

gee

^f

jnished (or)

become

vz

\^

:^v» Know

l»()lite;

sun

lay

ije

1

13

An

14

If

15 16

He who

)("C0-

rum

Time

^t

Doctrine

hay

Vase

uncut gem, cannot become a useful tiling. does not learn, he will not know his duty (towards his

man

neighbor). is

the son of a man, when he is young, to his teachers and friends, and practice polite usages.

Must draw near

^^.

m 12

10

11

yea-ung

cow

^/^

^

Youth

("hiM.

son'^idP^^^

Riiispd Tcilrll

(or) feed

hut

y^^

Not

^^1"%

Not

y/\^

^t

^J ^

Not

liiiivk

^^ Loam

^

yr\^

Ol.l

Learn

i'

ilk 'I

y^

"1^

Not

Cureful

Teach

isi'vore)

/oo

"

iC

Teacher-^

I

^^-

Fathc

gee

4^

V.

y

7/f

w,

y^

^

4^

gee

Arrive

Arrive

aougnl

quore

Fault

9 10

To feed without teaching, is ttie father's fault. To teach without seventy, is the teachers laziness. does not learn, this is not as it should be; he does not learn while young, what will he be when old?

11

If a child

12

If

,

95

cow

each

^^^S^0sm.

^1 V-l*

3u

^ ^

Dow

gee

Son

yin

stcfc

(or)

child

^

hen

(or)

of yore

hut

Mencius

Not

(man's

name) gee

-t Son

.^T

r«Mn!

>^V-^

Name

hawk

Usarn

Learn

Hills/

X^

''—

/^ TJ

'*lu^4^ Mother

dhun

you)

Broke

Have

Select

yze

j^All ^

--f

y^«-""S'

'^Fiu'Spread

-^^ 5

6 7

8

teous

r^"?!' duty

^

faung

''T^ method

Vy

^^"^"^ ^°^)

ighbor

\

-|

^^

c/iee

1-^

"^nShuttle >^|

J

chee

I

To dwell

Jj^f^y^ov) place I

The mother of Mencius selected a neighborhood And when her son would not learn she broke the shuttle from ,

the loom. Dow, of the Swallow Hills, had the right method; He taught five sons, each of whom raised the family reputation.

;

04

,jow

r.Mch

^h ^ /^


V^^ Wrongly

.

I

J

4kf

sun

.^C* Nature

yun

p

^ ^V-

^^eu

i/ee

Arrive

dough

Sf^g

S""*'

'^^^^

'^"'*

"^

^^

c/miu'

ning

sun

ra

Valuable

I

^^T^

Nature

}^\

Practice

I

,^1—

fc

Nature

boon

Vy^

Take

yJ '^VA

chin

Single

1

Men

J^^^

cheen

-^love

x[ (^ ._

.J*

"A/Jw

Mutual

^//C^ ^

v/»n

Root

seen

,

Far

"^--^fr*

Good

at their birth are naturally good much the same, their habits become widely different. is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate. right way in teaching, is to attach the utmost importance to

3

Their natures are If foolisiily there

4

The

2

Then

thoroughness.

THE

SARM CHEE KUN R

THREE CHARACTER CLASSIC. The authors have thought

it

wise to introduce here, a reproduction of

which by being presented

a Chinese Primer,

in

an interlinear form,

will

enable the student to grasp the idiom of the language.

We

have given the phonetic pronunciation in

with

sarm

the

literal

WANG YING

LIN who

each character.

opposite

translation

italics

lived A. D.

1223—1296

is

Three reputed

to

be the author of this remarkable work.

Professor Giles of Cambridge University in his preface chee

^

-5-

Word

to the

Three Character or Trimetrical

"It

an elementary guide

is

children

kim

^^^^^ v*v ^"^

and containing about 500

Every child throughout the

all.

,

is

and

to

Serious

his

or

studies

her

with

this

,

,

book,

repeat a certain amount daily, until the

to

known by

heart.

Chinese education.

foreigners

boy,

lines

different characters in

of a

be overestimated.

Chinese

,

whole

be able

—

of three characters to each

Empire begins

to

for

365 alternating rhyming

arranged in

learning

school

knowledge

to

Classic

*«*^r-i»

China and

Classic, says;

who wish

to

It is the Its

foundation stone

importance therefore

the book language of

study

follow out Chinese trains of thought,

students

would do well

commit the whole

to

to

to

can hardly

imitate the Chinese

memory". At the bottom

page will be found a smooth rendering of the English

literal

of each

translation.

13

SECTION

11.

91

i^

qwoo

For

THE LORD'S PRAYER.

our trespasses, as

we

89 Yes,

I

can give you

dimes.

five

Wjo

Do

^

Get

pt[ sec

4

§

Dime

Later /jo

Yes

dut

9

|1]\

har

#

Say

Give

You

I

Ceuts rtt see

Give

Can you change a halt

5

How much

do

I

owe you?

dollar for me.'

(cl)

%

nay

You

Little

g^ nwn

Can

I

•^

heein

Owe

?ia?/

You

^g

^a?/

How

^

c?o;t^/j

^

«(7W7z

Money

(^

are

?

^

ip. viooon

You

nay

^V ngaw

Change

To

3i^ quore

i^

Dimes

^p Very good, thank you.

^

ho

^

dough

Much

^

/ar«

Trouble

'^

jiay

You

P^

lar

Half

5oo?i

^ko

(cl)

Good

j

Much

Dollar

^@

c/ieen

^

^Mo?'e

Two

dollars

and forty

nine cents.

For

Me

^^ »i_(7aw R^ mar

pj^ lay-tincj

Two

(gl //MH

Dollar

?

Like the English, the Chinese require a written form of numerals which can not be altered without discovery, etc.

the

for

State

and

business

affairs;

hence

numerals are employed just

written

Im[)erial

in

as we, in

Proclamations, business communications

filling

in a

banking cheque, write out in

full

the amount or face of the cheque.

The second form

of

"commercial numerals"

transactions requiring rapidity of written expression

The student only those most

= vide = phonetic.

(v. s.)

t

will

note

commonly supra

=

that

we have

used in book keeping

is

—

included

in fact

in our

it is

—

store accounts

and other

a sort of "short hand" numerical system.

money, weights and measures

classification,

used. see previous explanations.

12

88 Can you change $5.00

for

me?

1

You

j^^ nay

Foot (10

Can

/^

English

Change

pi

inches

vwoon

a pecnl.

-j-"

sup

10

i]r

dow

Bushel

:^

y

To be

yot

One

(/„'«

jow

^J^

= 13

inch)

make

bushels

10

foot.

—

•

Pecul

I

or

darm 1

^B^

yard.

mar

100

Yartl

catties

DISTANCE, ETC.

Dollar 10

For

Jl^ quore

^

Me

Ten c/(a?/-

Mile.

feet.

feet of

—

One

yot

"".9 '

(10 inches)

(Chinese)

9

3^ No,

I

Mile

lay

Compass

queye

3 and

have no small change.

'/a

"lay" are equivalent

to one mile.

p5.

U7(
Not

afe

««>!

Can

ngaw

I

^

Masons ko-e

M%

^ way ^ yow ^

~^ fawng

Have

IE

^ ^

[Q

Oblong.

And

sarin

3

1^

/«(//*

Is

««///«

West

(are)

eous

Sun

Money

g

Change

^

c/iee

Letter

-^

yea-ung

Pattern

my

you

yot

^ P^

—

(^iiorZ,-

Country

yot

One

PJlt rny

later.

Note

lork

Down Book

Oval.

^ ^ >j||

ngo

Goose

dharn

Egg

yea-ung

Pattern

D 05

account,

kay

to

Inn

Round

yun

Miscellan-

Charge that to will pay

Square

Miles

Not

sarn

I

3

square

Milef

^lo I

yj" rheen

inch,

Inch

I

gl

1

87

1

—

oance.

—

yot

p^

lay-ung

Consists of 5 dimes.

§ 10000.00.

WEIGHTS.

yot

1

1^ mam Ul

(1

Ounce

10 000

o o o

|

—

yot

"g

bart

;^

rwarw 10 000

[ffl

y!7n

1

o o o o o o

One pound.

-yot 1

^

bawng

)

Pound

100 )

^

/io

Dime

-^

^«e

Little

1

—

Round

1

ORDINAL NUMBERS.

-f-

^

I

hawng

)

First.

(cl)

??r;K?i

Silver

i

c/iee?(

Coin

|

is

Pound

called

And

|of auordie I

yot

1

o o

g"

tare

100

^

bawng

Pound

dinal

\

P*'

tt^ key-oo

Called

—

One

yot

I

number

—

yot

Round

One $

Second.

1000 pounds.

—

^ ^

yot

1 I

cAe«n

bawng

lOOOJ

o

Pound

^

die

ZL

ye

I

)nd

Two

Round

Third.

§ 100.00. die

(v. s.)

^^

««»?«

Three

3rd

yot "g"

10 measures

make a

bushel.

Fourth.

;^

10

die

To

be

—

yot

One

iir

dow

Bushel

(v.s.)

4th

Four

Measures

%y

10.00.

10

(v. s.)

^

Fifth.

die

^.

HT?^

o

"Round"

1

Thesign 100 pounds.

—

^^ ^§

10

sup

Dollar.

yot 1

-(i Ao 10 pounds.

Called

Round

yiin

$ 1000000.00.

—

And

^^ yow R4 key-00

Five I

ftari;

1

100

o o

SO 4 cents.

10 cents.

-j- sup

10

10

iS

(cl)

Ico

|H] see

4

na

(cl)

i

(

^-c^

Ceuts f

i+

;«7r<

«!(p

80

i'+

(/"w ««/?

90

ii4r

yot

-(0

^-^

•]•

*''«

i

""i/ 5

I

nfili"'"!,, (cl)

.

ni

-j-snp lOi

1®

A-o

I

=f yo<

cheen

1000

I

7yo<

j/ioni

10000

^

5

,

MONEY, ETC.

,

Leuts t

d^P/

6 cents.

15 cents.

W. ung

100

see

Cents f

j

burl

11

1

I

"S yot

5 cents.

11

"fill*'"

I

I

\

-f- sup 10

—

Lents

.

11 cents.

;^

/ooi-

M

^•'^

7((/«?i

Silver

cheen

Coin

so

Number

6 j

(cl)

\

1

151

1

Ceuts t

ni

(cl)

I

7 cents.

Ceuts t

Pi: s^e

^

—

'

7

c/iut ^-0

(cl)

M

/

ni

j

20

I

-f- «Mp 10

^0

1

Cents

1

oi

see

I

««e

'20

2 cents

8 cents.

A

(cl)

Dfllj««n

Cents J see

IB

hart 8

<»

(cl)

p^

/ay-«n£f 2

M

^o

I

j

(

*••"

(cl)

Pfll|«"'

ic..,.i

50 cents.

^V'

\0\

'50J

(cl)

Pfllj s?n

:hu

gow 9

-(S ^^ (cl)

3 cents.

Pfllj sin

Cents t

0±

»««

^—

1i

3

J

^o (cl)

Pfllj*

Cents t uJr «««

sor-TTi

I

1

Cents t

oJr «ee

9 cents.

-f- sup

I

P^l^^'Hcent ;

2

/CO (cl)

j

20 cents.

y«

yot \ I

I

I

1S

^

cent.

j

^

Pt

70

!

i»4r see

'0

sup

\

Pfllj sh,

—

I

h.-\- chit

ni

Cents t see

\

.;

85

i^

chay-uck,

rather

than

completes

intensifies

the

sense of any verh with which

experience and practice alone can determine the words with which

haw, may

Pj

is

used to express

may

formation, expresses the tense of the verb; not

-
—

1

write

1

=

—X h'

1

-^

1

ung

sup yot

= sup

I

ye

sup sarm sup

e.

g

(sign of past tense \du(]) quickly

ko-c

J(+*

must in

its

is

see

sup ung

sup look

jo clut

ho literally he not do

1H p^

11

{

I

12

in

[c/a^] )

is

used

sense).

sentences where an adverbial ko-e ung

'IH^

not lerite quicklg".

of past tense

{sigii

-^

J=3.

— "he can

it

corapounded.

non intensive

should precede the verh, and the auxiliary the adverh,

Negatives

he

(or

it

my

rf»
"(S QS.

— "he cannot do

good

it

-ftjr

properly"

Ten thousand

LESSON XXXIII.

13

(

Hundred

I

thousand

yick

14 ^|j gee-oo

One million

^

Ten

Written numerals.

^yot

One

15 16

Two ^?«j

million

Three I

—

1

=

sup chut snp hart

Commercial numerals.

17

18

^ yot

1

II

ye

2

1)1

saj'?n

3

I

see

Four Five

a

1

sup gow

19

Six

ye sup

-H"

20

Seven I

— ye

sup yot

4

21

Eight sar)n sup

4H-

30

if

uug

5

-^

/ooA

6

i

chit

7

Nine 1(1

—

sarin sup yot 31

X+ see

sup

40

^

sup yot

41

to

««P

Ten

One

Jf

+

-^+

see

ung sup look sup

50 60

8

hundred i<

+

(/OtO

sup

9

10

One

\^

cheen

thousand

"

84

TO

Tell the coolie to sweep.

i-futiitj

Stand

)

Like

B4

key-oo

•^

quoon

Call

g^


Read

.g>

»/tu

Book

Coolie

deem

)g^

Up

i

He

'[g ko-e

Sweep

\^ low 7^ ham Wby

Who

told yoQ so;

was

Steal

'«'"

im

it

the teacher?

'

of

Sijiii

1

Floor past tense

Who

did he not stop them?

He

So

m ^ mot

Do

Say

What

You

Pg- ung

Not

^

Obstruct

)0

yot

One

j^

gee

(cl)

Fork

^l^ char

Both the

Know

^

1

(

—

•

ko-e

jg

Body

«uu

men have

slept there.

lay-ung\

Both

Is

gee

A P"'

Men

Master

Them ^)i nay

Also

high

At

ko

That

chee

Place

HJ fun

Sleep

Not

Pa ""^

Formerly they had quarrel.

IB

dough

1-3

Is I

3

ko-e

^

They sin

Formerly

^

see

W^

eye

)^

quore

^ gow ^f to Itt

What

fg

ko-e

'^^

how

He jijg

lo-e

Sign of

^^^

deem

How

past teuse

gj5'

whar

Say

Intercourse

^

nay

?

Pg. /ar

He

of period [»re]) "let

is

^£

often useil in an auiiliary

^

^?f -f^

me thew you".

{

(past tense

^

e. g.

quore

After

Quarrel

^0K>, to cause,

me know,

did he say afterward?

Rf

rf»»

fg

way implying

ngaw gow nay

likes to read hooks.

io-e

He

to

shew how

to teach,

are,

literally let

to act,

me shew you

or

(sign

83

Not

P§- urig

^^

Bring either beer or foreign

\

J

nay


they

"See

-fg ho-e

?

V@ chow

^

sin

Or

^

see

j

Ocean

Wine

^

)

can see the moon.

I

pS. ung

Not

^ yS

See

V§

iDot

yea-ung cAoio

3J5 Zo-e

^

afterward went away).

Bring

neem

They

Beer

No, but

•

went away.

^-<^<'»

ti

^

Before they

{literally they first swore

wine.

Come

But

dharn

He said both the men were bad.

Before

si'<7/t

Swear

IP

2/«"

^

^»i

After 10

Is

I

See

jg

ko-c

0j

w/jar

p^

lay-ung

He Say

Two

(cl)

Also

Moon

Is

What

is

that

made of?

Bad

IE

*'"'"

)

tlH. cJiay

It is

made

]

of good cotton cloth.

1^

f>¥^

Is

j^ ^H

ho

Good

mean

Cotton

bo

Cloth

^

Man That Can you see the sun now? Is

What

1^

yea

Make

nay

511

2/"«

B#

see

Now

Him

l-o-e

There

^^

chee

y^

die

About

^fy yea-nck

-^

look

jg

ko-e

(cl)

stolen a fork.

^g

"It kay

You

Make bim stand up; he has

Compel

Make

There are about six of them.

j^

See

^ karm

Went away

I

Sun

Mm

'o!o

They

82 p|ij

lar

That

^

I

quore Fruit

-^

hoo-e

^


To study

Not

^

Go away

9

uay

The teacher thinks It

It

%

it is

good,

smells very bad; bring

m

here.

(cl)

^•'>

Teacher

Smell dut

10 Part

<: \

Think

^

Is

Pg- u«^

Good

Bad Taste Sit

^

Bring lo-e

Here

down

;

there

is

no danger.

81

Sit

Good morning, when do you sail?

Early

To sweep

down.

^ cAaw

I

p|ij /a,-

i

Sit .

Moruiug Thanks.

You

^g

kay

H#

see

^

hoi-e

^

Wheu

Hj

(Zyȣ(/t

I

Many

(7)(j)/

)

Tiianks

or teacher.

Sir

To

set sail

sun

-^ sm

Born

sarn He has paid the debt, give

him a

receipt.

Returu

^

Clear

chun

so

Sweep

1^

korn

Dry

}^

(/«(«

Clean Danger.

^

?)9M^

()^

/iCfwi

'-a

)

(/«)(

^

i

To

)

Lamp

^

A

precipice

to.

1

To swear

yfin

\

Sincere

Cotton cloth.

j& mean :fj[j

bo

)

Cotton

)

Cloth

Coin

c/igen

^^

Zia?/

Give

^

chay-ung

(cl)

^

f/w?/e

^

s((/'«

All

About (nearly).

I

'

Complete

Can you steer

this boat

(or not)?

JJX SO'"

Receipt

^

nay

This

Him

^^

jate,

(cl)

^

o/iar-

Todififer

3^

Ziuf

Not

^

(Zo«^/i

Mucli

-f^

'fg

)

sigh

light

All.

CD

Danger

j

To swear

To light lamp.

1^ deem

"^

i^

Before

1

clean.

A-o-e

^

•

]

Big

die j

yea-ork

\

About

Boat Either He has not yet paid

He

-fg ko-c Pg-

'^

his rent.

M/i^;

Not

cliun

Yet

f^

7m?/

You

P^

viuoo-e

Can

Or Bad

Steer

lie

yot

«'«

Day

or sun

Give

Ren t I

Pa ung vwoo-e

Not

Mouth

Can

moon 11

or

80

fj^

^

Steal

ioio

if ya

Thiugs

4^

Good

//()

Veal

Does he often steal aDything?

Sigu of possessive case

P3E mat/

nre

7(
?

1^

He

jg

k-o-e

^

dough

[eJ

vtooo-e

i/«oi-

Sinelled 1

Ofteu

Pg

ung

The Chinese language has

certain auiiliar; verbs, a knowledge of which

^^c

^^

/uu, to

dul, to be able, can;

make or

y^>

cause

'/u

must,

iea/,

meaning must, ought

«

;

to,

chay-uck, doing or implying action

and

^^

may

be

auxiliaries; as is

or

ITO

is

essential

s'njh,

;

some of these

to bid or order;

may

also several others.

used to express the

FUTURE TENSE

when

intention

implied.

To stop

:{^^j

-^

fto

lam

\

cliee

1

To pay debts.

obstruct).

To To

stop rest

3lg icahn

^g

cheen

^,

To

siiy-ung

tliiuk

To guess.

return

)

LESSON XXXII. Coin

p^

l(iy-ung]

Two

1S

A-o

(cl)

i

To throw away.

To guess

1^ kwoo

To I

Both.

To think.

ijl^

To throw

pet I

To study (aload).

^a

dook

^

shii

•^

/ioo-e

\^

pet

)

To go away

Read I

)

Book

To throw

down

To taste (as food). To

say-ung

To

taste

or

tim

Savory

^

hawng

j^

rhee

-^

let.

(with other expressions of which they are components)

ioo-«, necessary

deemed

to be willing, to assent to,

hull,

make

han, to give, cause,

;

Not

tie

|

)

up.

To

tie

To

rest

is

79 The leaves of trees are

78 Will jW, liar II

'

Now Open up

Tlieii

(7/((»i

[)l^.

Wc

lieceipt

;

or

start

Receipt

Not

Money I

Has he ever set a

sail in

my

never signed

^ ^

Sign

c/ii'tvn

'

i^

\

Boat

men

past tense

Name

Tell him he must pay the rent.

Hoist /«^

P§-

uHj^r

sail

Not

^J

vwhar

Tell

Place

man

^ ^

for a receipt.

SlmkI

That

?/itH

Man

Jioo-e

(io

tl

'o»v;

(let

}\)L

sozo

Receipt

^

chee

jj^\

beat

darn

Know He

Must sail

then?

He

'fg ko-e

Is

/«i//.

^ ^

ye-oo

;

fg

Need

narp

To pay

can't give a receipt.

rent

He Not

"f^ 6a?/

(_!ive

^


Can

J^

sow Receipt

Jam the receipt

he had no money.

Set sail

ko-e

P§- MH^

Then When he gave

Sr' sun

(/(<•<;

Yet

Did be set

[5^ (Vmn

^

Him

•©• f/jMH

#

That

"7

Been

Ijli

ko

Send that

q II ore siii'in

llfg

jtn sigh

Have

7h" j/om

At

I

«<7a«>

He

ko-t'

/u,,h

name.

a boat?

-(g

W^

'

I

iiX SOXD

»H/uii

//lO

e '

^ wo ^

Never

^

jg

ko-e

He Start

He will not give a receipt

jg

ko-e

He Not

yet.

77 He does not often do

mo

yf]

^i

He

'[g ko-e

To go sailing.

Pay

so.

Money

""gun

Not

sigh

sail

[Sail

lay

|)ji

To

\

Sometime.s

Mho

^

dough

[eJ

viooo-e

[TH'

karm

So

^

jo

To do

To

B#

see

P§-

)i?i,9

Not

'f^

Zfo?/

Pay

Often

To

chaw

;d^

sleep

sit

down

To stand up.

We

sometimes

^ ngaw

sail there.

We

He did so formerly.

jg

He

ko-e

^

sin

B$

see

^ ^ ^

kay

To stand

/ioy

Up

sun

Body

Sometimes

B^

To

Formerly

At

^

ju/i ««/(?/

p^ Aarm

^

Ip

does he sleep at

Does he sometimes shave the

ko-e

^ yow

At That

H#

see

Place

l^l]

tie

fl'-e

man?

^

Smell

(teeji

See

I

He To smell

(

Sometimes

[^ '^ mun

1

((with nose)! or

To

[

Shave

That

smell of

a

flower)

?

never slept there at

A y«"

Man

Sometimes he pays, sometimes he does not.

(Sign of posthat time.

"lew

Then

B#

steal

hay-ung\ (as Sleep

We

To

?7i7
1^ CD

1^

spoil

To smell.

jg

chee

To

To observe.

Wheu

j^

)


Sail

^

He

P-^ high

To make

There f/i<;e

that place?

'fg ko-e

1

So

To do When

spoil.

«ce

sessive case

jg

Head

7^ yow

?

^

see

P^ way

He

ko-e

>

see

Sometimes

76 The (ollowiug characters [IsE

id-oo, have;

"iT

arc used to eipress the

lee-oo

3

"have";

PEKFECT TENSE "S*

p^ K^

ye "just" done;

c<«n "have" "done";

ye Xnn, "already"

-j^

fiiorc-,

past action '^beyond'*.

P^

iir, |1^|J

for,

Rp

perfret feme \lte-oo\)" I have

"/ ^ore icalked" it

i

lo,

when used afUnnativcly

perfect

iB

;

PS

yr^

left";

J& T^

P?C

when the

R^

««r

Jv

-f"!"

sense admits of

^

I

TEUMINATIVE PARTICLES

Jjf -T-

it

]|mj M^aw/iarnyHorcilitcrally

but the rule

is

Rent

^^

Silver or

^ mo

ngun

of past

tense [Ae-oo]

)

"/le

it

is

generally so

LESSON XXXI.

Altogether I

To pay

gPg "^

Not

Not

ung chun

sail.

\

l|l^ taiong

)

i

^

Time

^

^

ho

see

^

dough

Much

or

Sail

A

Then

receipt.

hoist

I

^

*/arn

j

t-Zuin

While

^

see

Time When.

)

^

I

sail.

sun

To

Now.

!Now

start

Body

How Time

see

Give hoi-e

That

Bill

Sail

To give a receipt. To set

(at that time.)

(51:

I

i

Time

Pfig ho

Receive

l|^ «o7o

iflf lay

Before

sail.

To

chay

)

many Time

vicoo-e

sin «t7i see

Good

(cl)

To boist a

Have

Yet

Often.

}gj

lay

^ yow

Formerly.

I

•^

has died".

Some times.

narp

o/'

walk(»^no/p(M//eiM£r[yBore])

money

A

H^

go (j^«

by no means invariable.

chung

Rent

:^

1

Never.

To pay rent.

ijlf

I

freqaently supplies the place of the difioite article;

Not yet.

jJ3^

|

also express the

w^aic /'oo-e fec-oo literally

nyojr c/ok" /ar literally I copy {sign of fast tense [lar]) I have copied

Rent.

jo

fo,

e.g.

ku-e see Ae-oo literally he die (siyn

The demonstrative Pronoan used

^-g

or rcsponsivLly

if.

darn

J

Receipt

B$

see

Time

75 Where

is

*/'

the moantain in

Go

'irto-e

the foreign city.

Sign

PS >«i nf0 /o

t'-OO /(f

^

Matches

-^

of

I

past teuse

'

pi^

?

Wirt?/

That

^

I

''"'

have shown him the

roreigii

;

I

City

I5& sun

I

I

bean

AVhere

city.

Ride

j

have ridden, you have

^ ngaw ]^

Have

sailed.

With

1^ toong

I

Him

Have

yo(o

'lee

Look

Have

w sarn

Mouutaiu

are

9

Sign of

'f:^

The people cannot say; the weather

is

see

nay

You

sigh

Sail

too bad to

it.

I

"i

lic-00

[lart

i-i sun

That

^^

past tense

Row

People

of

tleet

<

{

^

Siga

past tense

jun lar

boat

barn )

What do 'Jf,

but

^^ nun

Not

He

send a man.

Can

^^

vwhar

Say

He

^(£^

Jwn

Certain

Have

^


H$

see

gj

Weather

If

Au«

Been

^farn Return

)/(/,«

^

tatie

Bf

«ee

|a||

HrtT-^i

For

"^

all

c/(ee!i

g

bart

j^

sun

)

^ deem

How

gj

vwhar

Say

^

?w?/

?

They say he has gone away

Will -fg ko-e

Send

See

People

\

to ride.

Weather

Hard

the people say?

had returned and will

A y"" ^

lo-c

Man

^&

vwhar

They Say

Come

tg^

I'o-e

He

74 He

is

fg

always a good friend.

He

ko-e

.

^

?/^a!t'

Me

^


Hear

R.^

way

?

Always Show me those matches.

Give

bay l-o

Good

Those |^»f

^

deet

Frieud 3/C for

.'/Off )

^

Matches cfieye

Have you repaired the box

Me

(or not)?

f^

Look

You

»oy

While

Ky

Repair c/iuti

P^

He has not paid the money.

Sigu of i

fie-oo (

jg

He

ko-e

past tense

Not Give Does he speak well?

That

Sign of

^tl
ft jj^ say-ung

past tense

Box

Money

ngnn

;^

/7i(7y

Not

^

are

?

|g

He

ko-c

Speak

gpj: /.-of^fi;

Sigu That

I

cannot really say.

of

:^. (^u«

ft

past tense [

That

Will yon return those matches ?

Jtj-

Good

ho

p^ m«y f/]^

nay

You

^^

say-ung

Wish

fP

/«7^

Give

?

Will yon return and tell

Hm

/<"""

Return

P^

ung

gj

violiar

M

f/M<

It

j

[

Not

^^

Say

II-

Sigu of past tense

Those ^fj


«M<

Really

^ ^ ^

You

nay 7

Will

farn Return lo-e

vwhar

I

Tell

me?

73

Not Eide

,% mar

Cxood

Bat now

^ P~|\

tane

Aar

it is

Can the ship

good.

sail

'(jg

ko

That

Now

^^

_/ate

(cl)

Ij^ sun

City

^M S¥

'*y

Inside

t.oio

Head

^

#

Make

ftf

fi'O

Good

'^

Sign of

Not Yet

chill I

did past tense

Do you like music?

You

^

)

S'

Pp chung

Not

^

Like 7nay

?

^

ngork

Music

The weather has been very

see

good.

Good tie

Weather

Po

""S'

Not

^

nay

?

see

Not

^

?

nay

Yet

k

That was a large city

sign

of

11^- nn

formerly.

Old

P§- Mwjr

Can you ride?

'f* chn7i

past tense

y\\ nay

You

P^

Can

'5^

o

vwoo-e

"^ I

^

Ride

10 see

Time

S.

I

^fun

Part

Very

i

Good That

^

Box

Good

Weather

if? Ao

cJmn

say-ung

Sail

good?

^g

^ * may

Ship

the weather in the city

Repair

That

Good Is

sow

well (or not)?

Heaven

While

f^

We high

Not

P^

Can

vwoo-e

had bad weather.

Is 1

Good 1-1

ys^ die

P§- (wgr

Bis

CD

;^

stw

Before

^

see

Time

°

)

a-

^

do not ride.

n^aio

P§- M«^

I

Not 10

^

Go

hoo-e

j^

Place

(7i«e

Is

that a foreign (or

^ mo ^

chee

Pareuts

pS. niKj

Not

^

Wish

Place

Mabo him sigo

his

s«y-"ni/

?S

Make

^•(iy-ttw(7

'[^ io-e

Him

^

Sigu

(7i«e»j

i^ men Tell the

B4 %-oo

,

Man

^lo-e

Come

l^lj tie

Shave Face

I

have seen many men.

I

^ hen

See (

3^

I]

Sign of

no re (

past tense

Good

^ A ^""

(lough

Much

Meu

I

I

Pi ^TO

he

—

sorm

i^

barn

g "S

_r Sign of C':_..

past tense

me.

Call

^«"

Row

;j^ chow

That

A

Yet

chun

to shave

?

Vou

Y/^ nay

Name man

That

name. Did yoQ row the boat (or not)

not)?

'

man

71

To

1^

sigh

^

sin

To

sail

j

Ship

i

To row

7|;j§

Masic.

a ship.

sail

(witli

choie

j

^S diay-ung

\

^

?)(7or^:

j

Music

LESSON XXX.

-^

?/(»;(

j

Tune

People.

To row

^

^;)((3

1

Sky

oarg

^

/a/!/

)

Air

To send.

^ ^

If^ /;<(?/

j

To seud

/«)()-«

1

To go To shave

lie

The people are

everywhere. rim. 11

sow

j

To

100

j

A surname

^-J SMH

Native.

To sew

llhi

bart

3j

/;oO)/

:^

(/,/?/

Origiu

Earth I

To repair.

"f^ ^ij

Q"

Weather.

oars).

Foreign.

repair

rh II n

Make

i'""'"

'I'o

^h

11-go-e jo-e

Outside

quork-

Country

look for

"Q" bart

City To

People

j^

^ ^ ^ "/B

''«»

Place)

./(fitf

!_ 1^

cAee

Placej ^

(/oj^g-A

Also

tell.

(a walled)

^

M./;/(r

^

Say

•^

(7(fe

'

Kuow

Mountain

|l[ sarii

m A

To return.

Have

yoiv

^

lo-e

Back

^—

Come

^

boat.

Three

«((>•(/(

&or)(

Does he intend to marry

1

Board

Matches.

To separate. (or not)?

Ig

# ^ ^ ^

ko-e

He

^Ij

/«>/«

Is

[U^

scn/-una

Wish

(7iO-e

Marry

P§- ting

heat

^

lioo-e

'

To

part

Opeu

^

^

for dieyc

bay

1^


1

Wood

Say or speak

Give gj&

)

\

Fire

Speech.

To shew.

j^

\

ly/ittr

language

Look

Wife To

Not

To sign (one's name).

ride.

To

ride

Horse

^

clieem

i^ men

\

To

\

name

sign

70 He received and read

it.

fj^

^ ^

He

"fg ko-e

Received

iwoo

Think

/leem

Owe

/tj(;/t

Chicken

cllu

Egg

w^Mw

Silver

House

s^-e

Boy

^

Owe

hcem

Where

Jouy/t

^ Ami

Shall

dook

Read

jjH

lo-e

Come

Sign of pos-

punish the coolie

I

"IE kay

(or not)?

(3J

tignw

^

I

Pff lar

sessive case

Silver

vcjun

jart

Punish He put

down afterwards.

it

fij

That

^^

qnoon

Put

Good

^

/loo-e

Go

9

"SECOND FUTUKE"

context

he go

-fy

jf^ Hj (just)

(sign

pT

(have walked) and the

frequently of

lar

thus:

of.

^

ij^

be expressed by

chaymig

^b

1 shall have walked

e. g.

come walk.

PLUPERFECT

|5

e.g.

tense [quore]) (period, lar)

past

adverbs

following

f^

jun gam,

just

joa jun

liar] ) he

sick

had eaten

^11 P^ PARTICIPLE;

^IJ

—

sometimes shewn by the

(!iad walked) are

-T- Jra

Pfl-

he has gone

he-oo

ko-e

aieaij;

literally I (just)

quore

literally

lar,

^V Pg PS (

)

P,

have been out door, / had

fong.

e.

?

e g.

place

a

TC A-

(in reply Ka

or

j«n ^o

thcriu; «,

when used

"Bad he eaten

just

Xf* now;

jo-e,

^T

still

or at;

Tl- jow

in a sentence following (or in

that fruit?")

'j^

JEt^

|[-

jmi, direct;

jaji, just

now; with

reply to) another

Tr ^i

^J^

S. P^

quore quore lar literally he just now cat (sign of fatt tense [(juorel) fruit {period the fruit.

dough lar

dough,

ij

now;

PLUPERFECT TENSE

expressing past action;

cases

expressed

may

very seldom availed

MTOW {ngarm ngarm) ye kun chut moon,

others express the

ko-e

^

Remember

gone out.

The I-

are

away

is

tigaK chay-ung lo-e harn, I shall

PERFECT but

f'oy

vgcno

stall /lave done (so and so)

come, though this constraction

y^ The

IB Coolie

Down

JjS-

Not

Pg- ung

lork

shall

eggs.

Afterwards

>^

The

think

I

ko

lo-e

he,

remember,

I can't

it is for

He

^ how ^ ^ fawnp

J art

literally

^||

reach,

is

p^

]\fy

reach {period [lar']) follow certain verbs to express the

sow dough lar

used alone;

e.

g

g^

literally receive reach (sign

^11 dook

of period

PERFECT

\lar']) In

dough, literally read reach, read.

some

G9

PB

sai/

P^

/le-oo

Pour SigQ of

^ ^

(7nt»

Make

/i007)(7

Empty

I

cannot remember.

I

teuse past]

^

Not

Water

soo-e

Mm

Did you punish Witrds

That

after-

^S

vicalk

Saucepan

^

mo

Not

1^

did

Remember

Does he read books always?

-fg ko-e

He

You

'""2/

^ how ^

'(^

Afterward

lo-e

Have

%

^-"^z

?

Had he emptied the basin?

Vh

IE

^ ^ ^

/co-e

He

j/oio

Have

c/n
Make

Is

Always

B^

see

Empty

/joon.^

Look

J

Book

Puuish furl

That

'[g ho-e

Him

^T mo

Not

P|t hay

Cs)

Face Basin Had he heated the water?

? ?

did not punish

I

him

after-

ward.

basin, he had poured

;^ ngaw -^ hoio

^

Afterward

^^ mo

^

out water.

lo-e

Not

jart

Punish

Him Where does the house boy

This

He had not emptied the

jg

ko-e

Not

^ yow chun

/^

hooiig

^ mean

soo-<^

Water

He

^ may ^g

^

•fg ^o-e

He

Have

-^

bo

Boil

Empty

^

^yii^

Hot

P|t

i-o^/

?

Had he emptied the saucepan

Basin (or not)!

owe money?

He

fg

ko-e

He

Is

M

y°'^

Have

That

G8

"IE

3^

His

%

^

Frieud

^ yow Jl^

woman had married

At

A,>A

)

Quarrel

^ko

mar

?

IglQ

no-e

A

!/'"'

She married him afterward.

That

Woman

^

Place

(7/fe

ffi

;«

Marry

qar

]

She

Sign off

Did yon get those goods

^

(or not).'

^ ^ yow

Afterward

past tense

He had married two wives, Is

of

i

his

family here (or not?)

S.

dough past tense

Him

'fg ko-e

Hiiu

Receive SiRii

I

tg

ko-e

'

His kay

jg

ko-e

He

^

cho-e

Marry

ko

Family

ffy deet

mot

^\ mo

^ ^ ;^

^

^iiore

770y

No

mo

I

^]

m

'c;/-'">9

2

?

^

/o

Old

j

^

^^

/)«!«

Woman)

Tes and a good

many

f^

of his

Has he quarreled with his family?

Yes

)

Jj^ «ojo 1

Received

I

chee

My

Frieud

dough

2

I

Here

friend received them.

%

past

At

)o-e

friends.

"IE

\

tense

Goods

my

p'

kun

^for

Ho,

Sign off gar

Tliose

^

?

Marry

Have

jj^ so JO

quo re

/o-e

You

tiay

^j

him.

Family ko

pun

P^

That

?«»*

jg

ko-e

He

ytno

Have

With

^

/ooni/

Also

>^

7h"

yow

Have

^


^

/io

Good

jg

ko-e

^ dough

j

g

Much i^

His

67

•^

heem

To owe

jy

bay

To

To pour

^

chum

|i|

chut

To recite.

give

\

To look

shii

'

Book

oQt.

Read

dook

Out

LESSON XXIX. To marry (said of a man)

or

Pour \

tie

Remember.

^

cho-e

^

f/iP^e

Marry I

Wife

)

or

To

^l

fill.

Remember

To pour

chum

y^ moon

To

i

^

M arry

cho-e

Old

Siguofpastl dut

Old

teuse

fill

woman Always.

H^

see

^

see

Time j

Time

To open.

To

^ ^ ^

tie

\

Look

Zee/i

'

See

/(oo-e

fS)

hay-ung Toward

1^

yin

To play

/arn

jg

^

Aoio

j

kay-ungi Force

^

To compel]

Jx~arm

^

,'7^«

i

To

c/(o-e

)

Sin

rule

(7ar

)

Home

i-zi/i

'

Family

Afterward

J^ /or j

^

(7(or«

^p'

/w?i

Quarrel J

Discourse

)

or

After

^

jart

i

^

/a?'i

j

To move

Goods.

!»o<

^ ^

duarrel.

To punish (a

%lo.

^

Family.

(officially).

fault).

or 'iOlO

Marry

J

or

/p But

>

Marry

Compel

?;(('a??

Afterwards.

I

Out

or

To punish

zyin

gar

Near

/7!
P^

Js;

\

chut

To compel.

5^ Far

To marry (said of a woman).

i"r{

Opeu

pg

J^

see, to look at.

Goods

^|5 yook

Thiugs

^

(/oo?i(/

To puuish To

'"y

^

cojp

fine

)

)

Strife

Brawl

Friend.

J3^

P""

1

^

yoio

'

To move To move

"^

/»
(to shake).

1

f^

Friend P^'riend

Willingly

G6

(or

"^ hun

ft

1g

Ao-e

PJ*

haw

7B ymo

Have

Alia

ye

"^

?cy

—

yot

This

^

cliay-ung (cl)

m

darn

He

Jot ^"y-'*»ff

Hurt

May

H

Willing

i'"y

lend a silver dollar,

not)?

You

nay

"f/il

ma;

He

Will yon add np the accoont

Do yoa eat oranges?

Lend

You Eat

One

Bill

(cl)

;]^

e/(ar)i

Orauge

Silver

R,^

7iHir

?

Coin

|1§- H«(/

Not

"^

Willing

1

/iini

He has found a copper kettle,

Empty that pipe

for

me.

m

Make

J^ ngaio

'^

He

"f^ ko-e

won

have finished eating.

I

Eat

sick

Finished

Find

Empty

Pg-

(Sign of

Ic.r

chay-uck 'past tense

That

—

(cl)

Heat

One

yot

me some

Burn

see- 00

'J^

Smoke

Hot

(cl)

fa! tuna

Pipe

^

For

^

Me

^6o

7uore

The verbs a^oto

chtttig

The

I

wish

The

1^

deel

Some

Water

'^

soo-e

Water

Me

Pot

PRESENT PARTICIPLE

eating or

1^

POTENTIAL

jfj]

.ly^y

The PAST PARTICIPLE

Thus

following the verb.

3^ is

FO

often expressed either by the infinitive alone, or by

is

In other cases Ike word

tiaic.

Jv'

"H^ i^jL

learn.

(to)

before the inOnitive and adverb is

Copper

in all lessons are to be regarded as being in the infinitive niood; thus

ye hawk,

nation with an adverb of

gun he

soo-e

water.

e.g.

[T^j

"he

^o*

is

!/"

<"<"'

y""'

sometimes rendered by is

expressed

T^

eating"

hii/h,

is

either

ii^

"o"

^(?

to be

'fB' ((>'=

(—

Y^

i^")

is),

n^*"

'io«')

is

its

combi-

used, as in English

^^

ko-e

liigli

yart

«»'•

Ao, good.

by the adverb of time, the particle

P^

lay sometimes

05 Has he learned this

Have you changed that money?

character?

This ^>J deet

^

cliee

\1$,

nay

You

/^

)/oi«

Have

Jix chow

'•

:g^ jo-e

^&

At

bean

Where

^

Alter

nay

?

Letter Your dog begins to walk.

-fg ho-c

That

He

^^

deet

You

Learn

Money (cl)

Sigu of 3j^

5'

More

past teusel

P^« '^

"^f

Not

(/(!(«

Yet

D02

Not

^

(7mn

Begin

Can you interpret Chinese

Yet

characters ?

-^ Tell

him

to interpret.

B4

key-oo

Call

fg

ko-e

Him

^>\\

nay

You

P^

viooo-e

Can

\^

Interpret

^ ^

Interpret

whar

jg^ tuwng

He has locked the door.

Chinese

-J-

f/(ee

Letter

Rv^

mar

?

ZJOW

saw

P^

Has

I

Will

?/w",9

Employ

y^

//u/i

Man

Lock I

Door

I

^

^

yoiv

Have

Have you finished learning?

Interpret

f^ t^

farn

man hurt? i

%.

Man

Sign of

^

q uore '

Tliat

yiin

aay-ung

That

characters.

past teuse

J^

You

have interpreted Chinese

Sign of

Is that

nay

/to

/iC-OO

moon

man?

pte^-o

He

>^

Walk

Will yon employ that

'^. chin

W^

Aarw

past tense

"0^

You

Aoif^'

Learn

?/('»

Finish

I

jg^ tawng

Chinese

P§- uiig

Not

-^

Letter

'^

Yet

cAee

r/(Mw

64 To employ.

To heat.

Also

Have

'j^ scc-o

^

.-!/««

Friends

1^

say-ung

nP9

Hot

)

Where

To employ

To burn

\

(to

To employ'

he?

is

Lock the door.

ffi ^""5^

jg saw

Lock

moon

Door

(to

use)

/(fno^'

To

learn

Pjl i;w%

To

feed

He

Zo-e

^

At

i9E io-«

hire)

To employ

"fip siV/Zj

To hurt

i

chun

Where Do yoa know that man (or not)?

He

i^

f>(ty

at his parents.

You

Know 9Wiko

is

fg

ko-e

To empty.

He

^ ^

At

That

To make

j«H J

/iOOHjf

Empty

'

Parents To interpret.

Mau

Place

jTotransfer\

rhin

Not

He has killed

Know do not

I

know him. I

iigaw

^

lahar

)To say or

'f^ ko-e

He

^

yow

Has

ff

Jhar

Strike

see

die

^^

[Toexplain^

farn

.

Pg. utig

Not

^

^x

Know

'(^ ko-e

^

his parents.

W

To

trans-

yick late

To find. sick

His

To

MJ won

Him

tgAo-

find

Pareuts I

'

(i.e.

i^

where

nay

is

your dogi.'

You

^^

of

past tense

He has friends every where.

jg

ko-e -e

(cl)

bean

Dog

chee

He Where

eow

Sign

rJiay-uck\

Where do you keep your dog

To

finish.

To do To

finish

63

I

have bought some lychees. I

/Jn see-oo

Buy

li^ some

LESSON XXVIII. Parents.

^

foo

j

•^ mo

Take care you

will burn

it.

Take care

^

Can

dut

[1^ ling

Father

;/;«

Friend.

Don't

^ho

Some

Mothei-

«e«-oo

Burn

Lychees 7[^ chee

Sign of the

Frieud

chay- ch

past tense

Friend -fg ho-e

Change

Dog.

for me.

)(cl)

^^

^

^

Dog

COIV

chow

Can yon do this for

me

(or not)?

Chauge

I

This

True

sitt

really

f^

n<^y

You

^

tie

Instead of

f j5 ko-e

Silver Every where.

Dollar

^

chee

Place

)^

clu

Place

7710011

Door

3i^ 7More

For

^5

Me

j/
jo-e

Do,

this letter for me.

At

"J^ choto

Copy

!To kuow, to

^

This

«a?/

be acquaint-

sick

Urn

^

farm

^

saw

\

i

Keep Revert

To

lock

The chai/t

•^ jay

To lend

quore

For

ncfaw

Me

See subsequent pages for explanation

dut

^^

deet

can

of

moods and

intensive

self

following translated.

a

is

tenses etc.

verb

\0K

particle

frequently

but

it

Not

Have you bought any flowers!

ed with

•^

May

^

pg- ung

Letter

To keep or retain.

It

This

Copy

^

It

this silver dollar

found is

not

62 Will yoa begin to

smoke

.'

Where do yoa reside?

Begiu

^

g^ sow

You

j/^ nay

f/J^

You

Miy

Before

/'ay

At

Beffin

"g* sow

Boy

me some

cigars^

Where

^

sick

j^

yin

^

Smoke

^X/

Pi" «n<7

Not

5/g nay

?

Blow oat the candle.

V^

cho-e

,^

«ifi-

Blow

\

Rest

(

;^

my

Buy


Some

§

/oo-c

;^

sooiig

'M

y"'

Reside I

1

Cigars I

]

/

I

3i^ <70ore

For

I

g

^

Me

ngaio

dice

bad a conversation with him.

^ ^ yow

I

?(^9rtW

1^

Have

With


Him

"fg io-e

Speak

i-a« njr

j™

Have yon tobacco

tandle

.

to

sell.'

Sign of I

I

have blown

it

out.

f/jt

nay

You

^

yow

Have

past tense

Say

I

ytn

P^

Tobacco

cho-e

ben

Blow out ^..

sick

H^

/(g-oo

I

"fg ko-e

I

Sign of past

5

"'.y

Sell

tense

^

?no

?

have not yet blown

^ ^

No,

It

it

out.

I

"<7aw

>iijaw

w/wr

P^

lar

Say

A good long conversation.

have tobacco to smoke.

^ mo ^

fj^

^ ^

kauiKj

Talk

ho

Good

Time

IJ^J noi'-e

No I

I

Q^

^!«<

^J

w/iar

CouverI

I

satiou

Have wtft/

/

Not

1

ilffl

'^

r/,un

P^

./-o-f

\

I

ym Toba ceo

Yet

Eat (smoke)

Blow out

For "fg ko-e

Ifl jet It

the

it

up

stairs.

^

nfjcno

I

P^

hiah

At

^

/ow

Building)-^

say-ung

Up

r.

nonce

began

'2. §• |

,

61 Where

ho

the bill?

is

Conversation.

Those ^fj deet

Pfig

]

^

Things

yea

/.-u

^chay-ung\

That

^§

{cVj

gj' ?oAar

kaung

i

Say

]

Speak

or

ja. I

m\\ not

alter that

^^ ngaw

I

P§- wn^f

Not

^^

say-ung

Will

^

(Coy

^ y.

^

;o-c

^

chee

^fy

Where

^

That

/to

chay-ung

Must

heat

i}/^

Bill

I

^^

say-ung

Will

^

5^0?/

Alter

nfg ^0

That

B^

(cl)

chay-ung (far?j

your

really

^

"g" sow

You

chay-ung

(cl)

(:?tt?'«

Bill

;^

/o-e

Come

p^

c/
^5

"^'f'w

Me

^

sick

^.

^ ^

You

^^

say-ung

Will

;gj? c/iou;

Copy

^

cAee

Word

P§-

?<«<7

Not

say-ung

Will

To do

see

To

To blow

^ ^ ^ y.

,<70)/

Change

nay

This

chay-ung

(cl)

fZar?i

Bill

Add up the account.

If

Add

guy

^

all

]

alter

To burn

sec-uo

/•TO

To clean.

^ ^£

^

Make

^'wji

Dry

^ojvi

Clean

/mh

like gold dollars.

1

those things.

Rest

So or thus

Account

Count

out.

To

mooi I

die

Blow

bill.

J^ nay

jo

bill.

Alter this

Head

)

»?«y

Will you copy characters

'^

Raise

Bring

gg

Bill

(or not)?

hay

bill.

7(eem

'(/J\

fZaj'n

me

(cl)

»!^aw

^

cluiy-uch] Deliberate

To begin.

Alter

^

y.

At

Consult

)

?

wish to alter that

I

say-ung

j^

Bring Pf[g

Bill

r?ar"«

bill.

'ngaw

1

pp chung |g{ so

Count

jj^ c/uore

To

Pfl sigh

All

Like

^ kum I*?

i^3/^

Gold '

Dollars

60 10

I

Gold dollar.

^ kum ^

^ ^

Very

LESSON XXVII.

want

I

Part

bay a

to

«(7aw

I

ye-oo

Waut

pipe.

Good

Gold I

jeye

Pi^

(cl)

:^5^ c/ice

At

/i.y.

Child

\

A

j

Pipe

Where bill

(ail

trtf

'oo/igr

(

darn account)

Take

% dm ^a.

Money acconnt. |g[ so

^

care, you'll

{Ui)

pipe

I'l

^'^

Come

kay

'a

\

Count

P^

)

A

Vj^ nay

be careful wait

and yon will break

list

Hit ^^

To count

=\

To add up

What P/jJ

guy

?

i^ P^

this thing?

is

^

nay This

iZ

some

^fp chow

Is

Copy

j

Write

I

j

What

^

nay

You

^

Thins

P™

vwoo-e

May

yea

-^

(postal).

letter

I

harm

Uj^

'

6a?7j

That All

(cl)

'jd

Seal

fung I

s!/Ji

Break

/«?•«

'j;D

PJ^

j

^

Strike I

All are here

(7jom7

A

2/"'

Pipe

W

At

\

While

-j^ nio<

To change (cash)

Careful

Wait

dhun

fj" (/Aar

^

)

are

|J1\ Aflr

To copy.

etc.

Be

/\\ see- 00

»«oi-e

break that

Get

Letter

CD

Place Tbis

-^

To dwell

(/^e

Jiul

it

may

tootip

Period. tantivcs, by

^

A

period

(of)

time

he

esprcsscd

when coupling

^K

lai/-ung,

used between numerals.

by

is

siib-

when

B/S '"ay

^^

This

deet

no-e I

y>n

Tobacco

or

^

very good tobacco

where did you get it?

ben »ee

Period

59

JJ^

marn

Eveniug

^^

char?!

Meal

3>j5

lo-e

Come

j

2

Two

pl^ lay-ung

^ ^ ^

j

yea-ung

Kind

Jo!/^'/*

Also

cow

Enough

td t^'

Put the flowers on the table.

Boil the

/a?'

Flower

j^

fawruj

Put

;|{^


and

?nea?z

Table |

§

P^

lie

Saucepan

Have

^g

hay

How

^

(fou^/t

Much

i%

ko

(cl)

Dollar

1

have sixteen dollars (and)

^

i^gaw

I

Come

>H^

T/oio

Have

Boil

+

sup

10

3^

?oo/;

6

M

ho

(cl)

sell?

ho

Have

That

/oo-e

yj\^ sooji^

yow

etc.).

You

«/o?w

You

forty cents-

'^m vwalk

j{^ sarp i/^ nny

nay

Face

Have you any cigars to

7^

boil

That

Place

("A(!c

\^ "^

Cigar

1^ yooh

Meat

Dollar

baked enough*

^. »!^

Sell

^

>^ mo

Not

^ho

Do you smoke tobacco

f^

""i/

16

I

Is it

^

you?

Give

I

^ ^

in the saucepan

dollars have

give that saucepan

{{III)

^

meat

How many

(or not) ?

cook

Jun

Bake

Aud 4

Good

Pa

uiig

Not

^

chun

Yet

Dimes

7*

5"-'e

Both the rice and bread are

You

enough.

Bring dinner directly.

Smoke yin

Quickly

o

Pg- ""5'

suk

/.-u;/,;

With

mean

Not Eat

it

boon

Briug

^h

Bread 0X0

or and

58

^

kniii

Gold

Not

Ji

kuiig

B$

AY^-

Time

Like

^

farn

J^

sun

Time

6e-oo

Watch

^ # ^g

hoo-e

Go

cAmhc;

Plant

apple ^5^ chee The lychees are good; the

whampees are

What

f/nr (7ige;i

(

]

Those

^

Price

^^

Coin

cho-e

That

Vetjetable a copper

is

price

is)

fifty

|^»J

50 10

I

Jed

^ vwaung ^ pay

f/tM/ijf

Bell

P§- ((H^

^

?oo«^

Copper

j{Jp

want

I

Yellow Skin

Not Good

lio

.

me

Get

Dollar

Lychee I

7f^ chee

^^

P|t kay

(cl)

lie

Good

That

dollars.

bad.

bell.

P|S ko (The

Cu.stard

Go plant tbose vegetables.

^ ^

Is

/'/g/'

-j^ mot

1^

o

And

to

fifty oranges (small).

bny an iron ^[5

?i(;t'H

3l

""i'

Bring

corkscrew.

I

will give yoo forty five dollars.

I

#

bay

jJtj

.??«

-|^

^ ^

^

n
I

^

ye-oo

Want

M

>n^

Buy

—

yot

One

1®

io

(cl)

^

/a/e

Iron

'

«!*;?

Ac

4

1®

10

/

45

Oran ge

y«H

Bottle

^

cAut

Cork

Do yoa

Dollar

What

is

Gimlet the price of that

To

You

like to gather

flowers (or not)?

(cl)

"5"'"

uay

(cl)

Me

J^

^J jiln

(^uorf'

ko

Come

"f'i^

""y

You

o-e

Like

To pick ko

That 'f/^

50 10

Give

gold watch?

3i^

5

Hg/..

Flower

57 To gather flowers.

Tobacco.

yin

Tobacco

j

ben

Cake

\

|(^ cAar<

To

j

4^

/ar-

^1

c/m«(7

LESSON XXVI.

pick

Flower

)

To eat enough.

To smoke. sick

To Plant

Eat

\

f[n) ^oo??,9

Copper

^

Iron

Tobacco All.

A ten cent

P^/'f

dM --


Idiomatic 7

Od

—

•

Eat

sick

)

hoiv

j

Enough

Sausage.

piece.

yot

A

/io

Dime

giee

Little

To

^J J^

yea-ung

$g

/wr

Shrimp

^ffi

gee-oo

Banana

chay-ung

\

stufiF

Intestine

expression

lam

13^

Pfl

All

s/i//j

^

^

Boil the sausage. Dollar.

pM

^^

ko

]

7

^ ^

Custard Apple.

Boil

j:^ sarp

That

yea-ung Sau.sage

chay-ung )

^ ^ ^

7igun

Silver

c/(eew

Coin

^

J

Lychee ;y5^ c/ie«

Thing

yea

Lychee or

vwalk Sauce pan

^

Bring those shrimps. Directly. :j^(^

Briug

M£'e»j

Those

Foreign

/a77i

lichi.

The

lie j

i''''

IP

chh-k

^J

(;?(i

)

Forthwith

Dimocar-

^5^ chee

pus

A

lec/ie"

short time Orange.

Cigars.

Shrimp

^ 1

Come

/oo-c

like

banana and custard

loo-e

TJ^

soon;;

'kS «t«

apple.

j

j

CB

The spine Dynasty Tobacco

jjj!^

Orange

gut I

^ \

5

fi^

;>!/«

)

Small

or

^^

Orange

ga''i>i

or

^

iigaw

I

^f

o-e

Like

chee-oo

Banana

^

§

Pipe.

2/«"

Wi

^

charn

Orange

Tobacco

toong) Pipe

^fj far

Flower

pS. „ug

55

-^

sick

Eat

belt

^S

^'.9^*

Chicken

sick

Pastry

P§- wig

Not

~p

sup

Teu

:^ /?<«

Part

fif ho

Good

Very

No

I

don't like fowl,

I

*ee

^ Like

11

y^

P^

!yar-f

Eat

^S

^*^^*

Chicken

is

very large.

ay

1^

jo!P

Then

^

bean

Ready

This

Mko

M

Ready

jjl 6faw

Directly.

This biscuit

Fp chung

)

'

like eggs.

Not

P§- uiig

Wlaen

^

Pg- lar Are you ready (or not)

f" koT

ftf ho

Fp chung

y^

slice

yot

;^

fie

"f^

die

of bread.

A

Ready

Some

;!fC

«oo-e

Water

^

n^a?o

Me

Slice

"f^

Give

6at/

yy^ kigh

is

^

c/m?i

This

bad

Mustard

^

Me

"jforo

(cl)

That

^

(fee^

Little

Pg

c/io

Vinegar

Do you

like to eat fowl (or not)?

^

This

l# karm

So

^

Then

joio

—

A

^^

charn

Meal

^

Ao

Good

^^

Ao

Good

&

i

Like 2/«

Rice

You

^lay

Not

Is

yot

'

This pastry "?((/

Yet

iiay

g^ /arn f^

Fp chung P§-

Not

makes a good meal.

-f^ A;yt /

_,

That vinegar

^a «"^

Hand me the mustard,

bow

ko

You

Give

iff!/

^.J deet

Bread

Pfe

'•^^z

Like

Eggs

—

Big

ii

J

aliarn\

A

^

cheye

Good

Hand me some water.

^

.,_

^g

n«?/

I

'

>S>

f^

I

^)j ?)^crw

J

Biscuit

^

not/

U]

deet

is

very good.

This

54 To

Cabbage.

Q

like.

White

F|1

)

cho-e

Vegetable

lip ye

\

LESSON X.W

Middle

rhianj

hurt

I

Miud

I

Take

care.

Biscnit.

To bake

^:|f

or

toast

^

To bake

ff:

hawng

^

cook

To

^

bm

A

/.orn

^tj^"*

.so7ne

shield

Break

I

yj>

Cako

/.i«

Heart

)

^

fast.

fe<'-oo

Little

cAflrH

Meal

Pastry.

To

boil

I

or

^A- sarp

Cake

)

boil

bo

Little

yj> see-oo

To bake.

To

boil

Jp. JO

^

hfln

:^

su/t

Early

)

Cake I

1^

Eat

1

farn

Rice

)

Dinner

\

To pass. Thus, then, in this, case.

To

)

'f^ P|5[

or

^

^^

I

table

"

Slice.

Then

/ow

^ •^

boij

Thus

iar/n

hand

— ^

Or

wot

yol

j

A

\

Slice

Jie

Gold

yti
A

^MH

—

Silver

piece.

A

yot

at

3^

^ ^ ^

I

(7»arn

is

ready.

1^^

(/ee<

j

7?!ar?i

j

Evening

c/wrn

I

Meal

A meal.

— ^

Break

^^

^

cAarn 6eaH

fast

^ Ready

A

yot I

eAor))

1

^

c/ict/e

Even

^

ftay

Ready

"j^

heatt

moo(/

I

Powder

Ready or convenient

To

k

will

dinner be ready?

^^ ^^^

Ifji

Dinner charn

^

I

? 1

I

Pepper.

When

|

Mustard

i-wA

1

5J^

Meal

Ready. Little

Mastard. '

Meal

]

or

I

Breakfast

Big

die

iwoo

Black

chee-oo

Pepper

7/!00(/

Powder

^ skk

eat.

Eat or

Eat

53 What

W

the price of Potatoes

is

Chicken

kii/h

J

This little child likes

see

Potatoes

kigh

Chicken

darn

Eggs

it

^!t)(g

And

^

(7(o-e

Vegetable

Pj2,

nay

M

ko

fish.

This

Is

j^

mot

if

yea

What

/is

m

5'«^

or

^

What have you there?

chee?!

high

i^

—

catty(l

'

/3
You

ho

That

^

chee

Place

3

ko

(cl)

^

yow

Have

^

*

S171

Pfllj

Cents ««fi

—

yot

A

fy

kun

Catty

^

ngow

Cow Milk

Buy Some

^

nguw

c/(o-e

Vegetable

f?

Jeye

n^^aw

Me

1^

?/ooi

and

male child thus

Chicken

kigh \

Have

yoiv

^B Y^

I

want

Egg

Me

«<7ajc

toe-e

Catty

literally

i|

dharn

^-M?;

boys

4^

Ham

/^

is

Some

veal.

Have

j<,for

Four

When

eggs and

fowls,

vegetables.

Veal

narm

male

j(Vye,

girls are spoken of antithetically in

itgaio

I

ye-oo

Want

child.

the same sentence

~Ji'

no-e,

girl

and

^X-

boy are used.

jeije,

Note the

iMj "T* sound to

^ yow Ijj^

Boi/

ham and

deet

I

Buy

(5J «ec

^ ^

have

^^

HP} nigh

*

catties of vegetables.

my

jj"

Things

yea

I

dJt

Buy me 4

Likes

o-e

Buy me some milk and eggs.

There

What

ii

^

Buy

Is

sarm

J

Fish

nay

\\

They are 3 cents a

Mosquito Child

Price

^^

Small

^H sigfi J^ mnn

with

cent.

the

Be on the

left

•*'"

•^«<-'

"make' cause

literally translated

The phonetic character of the word; thus,

careful first

distinction between

'fm

in these

J^

it

means a dead

child.

lessons are

becomes

where you throw the accent

word

to be done

immortal student

in

and "make'' meaning simply to is

shewn by the presence of

Pjm njr

^

-V^

do.

a phonetic attempt to produce the english

[1

fiuw

mouth-placed

•

see jet/e

— serve-boy -j-

=

i.e.

phonetic.

house boy

— accented

52 Make some vegetable soup

aT

^'''at

^

chttu

Make

y^

ileel

Little or

9^

cfio-e

Vegetable

i^jeye

Child

^

taicng

Soup

P§-

H7i,7

Not

ho

good soop

^

Good

tm ^on

beef.

Fetch

(/««<

$f

/lo

^

tawng Soup

pg

yoo^"

Meat

^

/o-f

Come

^

wffflw

^ Get

Bad

bell to

call

^ ^

?

have two children.

»gaio

I

!/0!o

Have

lay-uiiq

Two

the

honse-boy.

p^ Ring

ngo

Good

jia ^0

(el)

chung Bell

^^ ^

Children 7)0-C

)

ftf key-oo Call I

s?e

have one boy and one

^^

^

^ —

Come

/o-c

Tree

fiv

'

Tell the

you;

Have

f^e«

Green

girl.

House-boy

Me

girl to

needle

fetch a

woman.

j® f?

ngaio

I

3/OJ/7

Have

yot

One

A-o

(cl)

Child

y«'ye

I»4 key-oo Call

yeep

Leaf

me some

veal and

ham.

fp neem

Get or bring

1^

deet

Some

^

W.90U7

Cow

ff

;«i^e

Child

M

^0

3f

«o-e

^

hoo-e

j

—

"

yot

One

Female

M

^0

(cl)

Child

3f

7io-e

Female

Go

That boy

j

'

is

good that bad.

is

key-oo Call

Veal nfli ko

Meat

10 ^-Hw-;

(el)

I

ffjVi/e

W^

1^ yook

it

I

I

Trees have green leaves.

^

^ wo

Female

no-e

Ring the

Some

jjff

^ ^

"JIQ

LIuldrcii

,

I

me some

Get

some

^

^-0

(cl)

i'«

Need! e woman

M

That ko

With

y^

/or

Fire

il

/oe-e

Thigh

-^ paw

^

lo-e

Come

^

(

Ham

Jg narm f? jt^

/o-e

Come

7^i/« /(O

j

Male

'

Child (tood

girl

51 Trees.

Price.

^

^^ paio Coin

cliccn

;||J

Bush

j

s/ie

/^ Leaves.

I'/a

lb.

Tree Penny.

nfllj

sin

L

Brush

my

brown

^yeep

Leaf

^^

Together

4

Cents

'

"".9

with, and

clothes.

Milk.

i^

"It

^

(7irtr<

W

Brush

My

"^

ngoio

j

Cow

^

7«>/i

\

Milk

Eggs.

cfning

Brown

Chicken

^S

/7"y

^

dharn

]

Egg

Clothes Potato.

Tea leaves are green and black.

^

Potato or

sec

Tea

root

^^ yep

Leaves

Child

/^ yow

Have

^

chen

Green

^S

t7(ar

Tea

/O

yoio

Have

^^

/«<<

Black

^

f/iar

Tea

ehar

HoUand

^

Root

see

Ham.

j^

Green.

Tree

(

Catty.

fY kun

LESSON XXIV.

for

^j| /oe-c

Fire j

Thigh I

Have you boys and girls J

1^

You

H

^F

vaif

^6"

7/0!«

Have

^6

^-iV/Zi

Fish Cliickeu

look

50

Not

PE. M»j7

I'M ho

Mend

^

That ^j; hoong

/'(/(IIP

My No

^-

like

pp

cliief

Visiting

veal.

Card

pS- ,,H^

Handker-

SOIB

I

Not

chunff

Have

I

want

to pat on

you bought the bread!

Like

j^ I

Red

my

and tronsers.

Vou

>'oy

^ yow

coat I

Have

Buy

^

"gaio

I

pp

cA/z/i^r

^^

i/e-oo

Want

4^^>

.7 '

^

chay-uck

Wear

Like

mean Bread

4^

7l_90tC

?

Veal

Shirtorcoat

^

too

Very

well,

Trousers

Buy beef and mutton.

yooi

1^]

Buy Send somebody for a needle

good bye, come soon

woman

^

ho

P^

lar

Good

to

mend my

Beef

1^ yook

handkerchief.

Send

3p. yea-ting

Mutton

Man

jtjho Good-bye

Go

Come

-ff Iiarn

B^

key-00

Call

Do you

(cl)

^.jo

Early

o o p

Little

You Needle

I

pp

Return

^

Oood morning and good bye are

—

they

The word man, sayt or one says)

is

are

literally

Middle

Mind

tore

by castom

I'hwig

)

C-.

woman

Come

P^

like vegetables (or not)?

in

S,

one, somiiody

is

Chinese as

]^a jo

in other

sfn, early

expressed like the

rendered in chineec

yV

^

Come

lo-e

gg' yim

cho-e

CD )

Vegetables

languages iiliomatie cxprcsaioDS, sanctioned

morning and

German maiia ichar,

man

U+

-fT*

^o ^arn, good walk.

or the Knglish one

says.

e. g.

(mana

49

V^

Sigu of pos-

^X

Itoong

Red

sessive caseF

1^

see?!

Tiiread

^

lo-e

Come

I

have a white visiting

kay

^

boo-e

S^

some

I

Waist

card.

coatl

^^

»i_(7a?«

I

Th"

!/o!o

Have

Don't tear the yellow handkerchief.

(CI)

Light a candle and then

bring

me

^

a pen and ink.

Don't Sj^

Wliite

hart

^pie

Visiting

Light

deem

Card

Tear

Candle

Where are

'j^ chook

Accordiugly I"

^ how

After

t,^ neem

Briug

^0

That

^

/eg-oo

(CI)

^^

waung

Yellow

pfig

^ \\i

spectacles?

^^ ngaw

My

^

Pair

dough-e

Glasses :ane

Hand

sow;

1

Peu

but

my

At

Handkerchief

k.

^f

Napkin

iea?t

Where

^h

^ ^

veem

Bring

mot

Ink

Mend wy white

soo-e

]

(They are) on the black table. xgrniu

Me, (my)

/cee).

(CI)

p{

hart

White

^

boo-e

f^

some

^

\^

Mend

^{^ bo

Water

waistcoat.

^

Come

lie

ngaii)

-^

Me

He has torn the red visiting card.

I

Jo-e

=S. hut

Black

TO

sick

^^

toe-e

Waist Coat

^^ mean

jg

ko-e

He

This

is

At

Table

Face

a bad waistcoat.

Send for some red thread.

m

Tear larn

Sign of

n^

This °

'Pp

keen

(CI)

'

Not

he-o

past tense]

^ho

Bad (.lood

•TO sigh

Send

A y""

Man

ij5 neem

Bring

48 Good morniDg.

-^

jo

j^

SHU

)

Early

\

Morning

Have yoQ a watch to

You

^

yoio

^

see

Have

sell?

4C He was much disturbed

in

mind.

The nine fountains above hades

SEVEN

chut

f^ choong Middle ;\^'>

Mind

S01IU-

^ "^

gow

\

Nine Fountain

cAitH

The seven regulators, (the moon, the 5 planets).

sun, the

Very

-^

The nine passages of the body.

fun fl^

ij]

Tumult

;ioi£'

^

gow

\

Nine

key- 00

\

Orifice

^

ikut

j^

jun

Seven Regulator

I

The seven passions.

Hot

ijiit

j

The nine gardes of official rank.

^

ONE HUNDRED

hart

This cipresscs a complete number

\2

^ l5pt

gow

\

Nine

g"

100

bart

A

TEN

sup

I

bart

EKiHT

subordinate points of

Perfect.

sun

Passion

The eight principal and

I

j^

\

Seven

Ordergrade

pun

+

j

'\^ chun

of quality or quantity.

All the Chinese tribes.

chut

Surname

the compass.

(Ten All

the trees.

"g" burl

100

^

fun

I

Part

I

TJi;

mook

\

/V

bart

^

fawng

\

Eight

\

Square

Perfectly good.

Wood

The eight laws of the -j- sup Snccessfol in every enterprise.

"g"

^ g"

^ fun ^ /io

bart

100

fart

Emit

bart

100

To

rprhUoonq

hit the

mark

larn

TEN THOUSAND

An immense number.

g

bart

100

=^

ch I'crt

1000

,uirn

10 000

Part

Good

Very wrong.

«Mp

Ten

^ /«n

Part

pg

ung

Not

^

jay-orck Right

-p

I

Ten

-p

^ ^ ^S

I

I

Extremely

thanliful.

««p

Ten

fun

Part

chun

Name

/arn

Praise

45

look

>^

The

SIX -ft.

The four quarters of the earth with the zenith

five tastes.

ung

LESSON XXIL

Five

^ mag

Spices

and nadir.

m;/
The

five virtues.

Six

y'N look

-^

This numeral

hop

lUuiteorjoii)

The six supreme tribunals

Five

^^^

^

I

say-uvg\

T

Law

number

the limited

of which

appears to have been it

The

Six

applied to a

(according to their knowledge)

at Peking.

look

is

certain class of objects,

ung .

^

FIVE

five,

often signifies,

hence

all.

five viscera.

The

five planets.

-ft.

ung

Five

^

sun

Tribunal -^.

The six departments

Ijgg

ung

Five

chawng

]

Viscera

Star

I

of administration in a

province.

3^

look

^

faiong

1

j

The

five

highest mountains

The

in China.

Six

Rule -ft.

ung

Five

five sorts of grain.

-ft.

ung

Five

^J

cook

Grain

I

The six calamities which

^

vgork

)

Mountain The

five relations in life.

happen to men.

The

3^

Five

five blessings.

Six

look

i^ Extreme

to5 kick

-ft.

ung

jjig

/ooZ:

lun

Relative

The

five precepts.

Five

or j

Blessed

north pole

Five

3S. ung

The six kinds of grain

men

The

five

orders of nobility.

Five

^. u»^

The

I

Six

yf^ look

^

jay-ork

j

The six kinds of animals

-)^ look

-^

chook

subsists on.

j

]

Six

To

rear

fX

compass and the centre.

ung

^ fawng

j

elements.

Five

5E. ung

The four points of the

-ft.

five

Rank

Grain

man

Teach

cow

subsist on.

!'ar>'

The

Five

^

U7ig

Square

"^

sick

i

Walk

five colors.

)

Five Color

I

44 No resources whichever

-

43 The three relations, (prince

The 2 great ones, (heaven

and minister, father and husband and

son,

—

IP^ kaung

j

Topsy turvy.

—

earth).

•

wife).

Three

sarin

and

^

lay-iuig

^

die

yot

One

dane

Upset

f

yot

One

1

j

Two

IP

—

Big I

•

Relations Plaintiff

Three classes of court

and defendant.

p|^ lay-img

I

'^J dough

Two

Invert

Take a glance at

I

it.

attendants.

j^

—

sarin

•.

1

;o

]

Toact,todo

The two beauties JjJE ''«''"

Class I

in

P^ moon

^ ham

Door I

Class

genius

(i.e.

man and beauty

Look

—

yot

One

\i\\

har

A

in

woman).

Attendants on magistrates.

(a)

tie

|3^

Three

^

lay-U7ig

^^

tnay

Two '.

]

Two

ye

little

TWO

Beauty He

taels.

not double minded.

is

(b) Lictors or torturers.

^ ^ ham

Torture

tso

(c)

\

Official

p^

lay-uiiy

Two

jg

^o-g

He

p^

lay-uiig

Taels

^

6«<

Not

^J

chimg

Heavy

i/oz«

Have

«/e

Two

Class

messengers. *

'1^ fie Jjifj:

)

ham

Class

sarm

^

(•«;>

;^" die

sflrw

Quick

THREE

The three Budhas.

The three highest Hanlin.

—

^B ""

Three )

Arrive

1

W

\

Rank

)

g^

^ W

He ascended the mountain peak twice.

Three

«an« 6o

I

Precious

jg

He

^oe

pj^ lay-ung

Two

[pj inyoo-e

Time

The three powers, (heaven, earth and man).

—

r.

say-ung

Up

sar'n

Mountain

(?ane

Top

Three

sarm

The three commissioners in a province, (treasurer

Mind

j\j) so?»e

|l

[

Powers

"/^ cho-e

7^

judge, Sup't of salt).

The three kindreds sarin

n

Three

father,

mother and

Commis-

^^ sarm

sioner

^^

i

(i.e.

Three

pR

^cy-nng\

Two

Kindred

^.

eA?«i

Parents

see

chook I

The parents.

wife).

I

42 The whole

Whilst.

life.

—

yot

One

ip

sarn

Live

—

•

Oue

yot I

^ mean

|

Face

While leaving the house he As soon as he had left

—

^

waun^JGone past 000 000

—

yot

Oue

g"

bart

100

rnarn

10 000

:^

10 000 000

—

same time gave orders to his steward.

iOue

yot

1

•

at the

— ^

One

7/i('a?j

Face

Whilst

Out

P^

»«0(;»i

Door

—

yot

One

nim/i

Face

^

f}^ /k?) pfsf/oo

yot

Oue

i

)

(•/,«/

[jt{

1

yot

A.t

)

Part I

Order J

same

time

tell

41 I

am

not a China man, what

tawng 2/""

^^

tigaio

I

H#

see

P§- iivg

Not

J^

sun

tawng

A

Jougk-e Pair

1^

Chinese

A

are you?

Boots

^[j /miV

Are you making a book

Watch

j^ \^

nay

You

high

Is or

P§- ung

Not

^»

chin

Make

'j^

Is

—

yot

A

are

i

Chinese

/(((//i

2/"" No, it is not, it is mine.

fy\

jifl!/

You

'j^

/m^/j

Is

I§

(cl)

Not

Book

\^ high

Is

Not

-]^ Idgh

Is

Is

?n(gr

or are

Where

^ A

(or not)?

chee

|J§-

5/g nay

?

Ring the

I

am

'^y dhar

Strike

^B

Bell

ung

\

^ho

bell.

Not ,

Don't

Good]

a tailor.

chung

Break man?

Are you a China

I

Do

^

Don't break that bottle

Mine

Man

i^""

That

You

cho-e

-j^ high

Is

Tailor

^^

Bottle

c/j)iw

jg^ taiong

A

.'/«"

essive case

P3^

??io?/

Pp 1^ yl man

earth selves

or

Chinese

Sign of Poss-

^

choong quork yun. Central Kingdom

native soil

man

are the most

Is it

man and

common terms

used

^K

a Chinese watch (or not)? Is

/w'^/t

^jj

7^

boon day yun, origin

by the Cantonese to designate them-

and their countrymen.

For

of) may be expressed by

(on account

buy for me.

It is not

always expressed in Chinese

quoon deem my ko chay-ung

The future both intended

—

(question

mark?)"

ung nay

—

thus

toe-e

positive

literally

ugaw,

call coolie

and interrogative,

^y^ ^fl IXl. is

ira

DS nR

;

guore; e e g.

is

(classifier)

sell

jSj

JW

H

'fffl

'

my

quore ngaw

BM \^ Sj

—

key-00

table me.

formed by making use of ^Wj say-ung, think or

nay say-ung hoo-e ung nay,

"will you or do you like to go"; again lyj^

"you intend

^M

*a* Lh

H.4-

buy that

g.

not (question mark?)

is

will

literally

/^^ 'S you

v&

"you intend go, not

P/^ nay say-ung my

sell.

6

40

W

''0

^

!/'

Meiul

Mem Clothes I

^^ paw

OMpereou

^

Come

lo-f

f^

I

5^,

siiij-ieiiii

Will

'"Z/

Buy

This

i® clothes.

^

^-'^

(cl)

ifiuii^

Bell

tearing the shirt.

is

^^

She

li-o-e

^

«<7rtW

^

a

a

Mend the She

^

bo

Meiul

5?< ye

see

Tear

Buy a candle

Clothes

for

me.

I

Apparel

fl^ /ooi-

Buy

J

(cl)

Where

is

the tailor J

That

Pf@

ko

fl^

AwH

(cl)

^

^

sarm

Shirt

j^funff

Do yon want

ft to

You

^

Want

yt'-oo

lis

n^ ^f

i

I

At

/-/;7/i

To break

That

^ ^ twN ^«e

(cl)

:^

^

c/i(7)«

)/<;aw

call.

"^

sigh

Seud

y^ B4

yun

Person

key-oo

Call

<7ut>o;i

Govern

^

^

/loo-e

Go

J^

deem

Store

0^

//(-Oo

3^1^

/o-c

Come

)

I

'Q-

^

Sign of I

/pasttense

boots.

Quickly

^

(literally)

He

Tell a China

^^<^ lo-e

Me

Stick

my

deet

n
or for

"f^ ko-e

Come quickly and brush

1^

To

make some body

Where

He has gone away. L-o

quore

Send for the coolie

bean

fm lam njg

CautUe

I

/o

?

jg_

c/fooX-

Tailor

break

the stick?

^5? nay

Wax cho-e

Tell the needle

woman

\

Come

n^key-oo

Call

—

A

yot

Brush

My

iia Ao

(cl)

to come.

man

to

mend

tt4 key-oo

Call

—

yot

A

ko

(cl)

M ^ ^

Chinese


2/""

)

^*°

this.

39 Socks or

Cork screw. Hint

^M

^ ^

rlmt jiln

Screw

j

to

buy a

bell

and a lamp.

Sock

mul I

Head

fl^ tow I

ngaw

I

ye-OO

Want

;^

m

call.

Socks.

1^

want

I

To send for and

Cork

I

LESSON XX.

stocking

Bottle

cJiun

fip sigh

Send

^

Mau

yiin

n4 %-oo

chung Bell

^g

To ring

Buy

Call

A

tailor.

To cut

bell.

gar-1

(7(0-e

ments

—

One

ijot

•

^

ko

(cl)

rhung

Bell

fZAf»"

;j*]"

Strike

1

IM

^g

— ^ >^

?/of

One

t'Aor/i

(cl)

dun

\

Common

(

or

^g

To sew

f""9

Bell

f7((u/f/|

^

^

^o

Ring

j

Lamp

Will you buy a stick (or not)

J

iH

/«)•«

To I

person

A needle woman.

To break.

chiin

io f

Bell

c/at?i;;

^^

ft

*j| bo

To mend

^^

.'(vrm

Shirt

^^

pi/w

Old

fix

woman

To break Quickly.

i^

nay

You

^

say-wiq

Wish

To tear.

gee

t^ {^

Buy

fjj

(cl)

^ ^

Whip

/jrtUi

To

see

Little; sign

tear

I

paio

I

To rend

^ij

(Ii'L't

of possessive|

\

case

To make

t/iM/i

To mend.

Stick

^

A-yjv!

p§-

((H^f

^ W

Stick

Not

my

To buy

»«»/

To

fi

To mend

bo

farn

sell

)

To

Chinese

revise

(adj.)

A watch. taicng Chinese No,

I

will

P§- ung

if

/"."^'

buy a

bell.

H^

see

Time

J^

si«i

Time

Not Is

M

A

Man

yun i

he-oo

Watch

Sign of Possessive case

38

^

twein

No,

Biiiiff

I

can not.

—

lo-e

Come

5fe

uaaw

Me

gee

(cl)

lint

Pencil

p^

((»(/

Not

P^

I'looo-t'

Cau

J^

say

Write

W

Words

Write

^

c/icc

s(7y c/ice

Word

^ And briDg that knife

Olio

1^ ^p

Scissors

^

yot

Get paper, pens, ink and

to me.

an ink

slab.

Where are the needles?

And

f^

Tbat

l-o

5^

i^lj

vcem

Bring

IJ^

lire

Paper

^g

but

Pen

At

^

moi

Where

tK

soo-e

Tiiat

^-0

pf^ Briu?

tieen

1^

7,gan>

Eye

|

^

chum

Needle

I

chatf-utig (cl)

^ ^

Iiilc

Knife

1T

^g

l>ea7i

Jm.

chee

/<'y-«

Down

Come

P^

Me

stairs.

At

high

~J\ /lar

Down

Very well right away.

^

<•»/>

^g

»no<

i

Ink

^

ytvji

I

Slab

And

5J5 lo-e

stairs

Come

< Gooi Get

R^

la,

1

Come

lie

'

The

particle

The verb fllL

litf

77

The verb we should

HM

•ftjf

''"'.

_;>),

6=

he

iieeiii

;A:

<'''-'

Big

3^


Head

^

chum

Needle

make

to do or to

oo,

it

is

to understand

you understand wrile word (question mark) will

also

notice that

character of the spoken language

is

is

nay

You

^

he-oP

Cau

J^

soy

Write

-J-

t7i«e

Words

>\\

little.

often added to other verbs, as an inlensivc iiarlicle; e.g.

called "dough".

use the words can, to be able thus

The student

Bring

^^

o ''"'^ before a noun signifies some, a

jo dough,

kcij-oo

^S

|

Can yoQ write characters?

a pin and the scissors.

^

-

(diately

me

often used in place of

is

KJ^ is

ffiSE

Ci

(rac

"^

vwooe, can where

in

nay he oo tag chee more

English literally

can you write?

compound words

by no

^-j*'

means

are not infrequent and that the monosyllabic

as uniform as

is

generally supposed.

37

PJH

That

l-o

•(^ tee-oo

^

sow

ijl

kun

Where

^ ^

(cl)

Hanclker-

I

;o-e

At

:j:^

toe-e

Table

say-ung

Up

h Come

my

(//V. i'i')

°

f^

I

rhny-wig

(cl)

^ •^

JTJ ilough

me

fetch

^

Don't

"

Bring

?(«'/«


With

?)f/fl?(;

Me

hoo-e

Go

That

Lik

Knife ^fl

soo-e

deem

Light

Hand

At

Where 5/g ««!/

?

i)^ dun

Light

P^

Come

is this

p

upstairs.

deem

Light

Candle

will put it here.

^

ho

P^

/«r

Well

^

Wf/rtlO

I

Very I

l^fawng Put

^

Call

What ?/ea

I

called?

This

key-oo

Go away

Aoo-e

Very well

Light the candle and take

pEg

ft*!"

•^

I

I

lie

it

What

ink.

the lantern.

pen knife?

"(/ajo

with

away that

Don't take

chief

j

is

^

Thiuff

^ 1.

?)eem

Brio

say-ung Upstairs

;o-e

At

5/g nay

This

^

Place

)

Here ''/)f«

j

noo-e It is called

B4 fX

Get a pair of scissors. i:ey-oo

Call

To

?o

_7/ rfo«9/i

ff

Light that lamp.

a pen knife.

i«i/e

)

j

pp|5

ilo

Kuife

^(5 -iieem

^

bar

cow

Little

BU f/(eem I

want a

pencil to write

characters.

^ ^

"Ijaio

y^'-oo

I

Want

^ And R;/

Bring

/^o

Bundle

HI Cut

Lamp

° I

Come

Cut

That

dun

cut that handkerchief.

rheen

Light

pirn OJ

CO

/o-e

deem

Put the candle on the table.

j^ fawng

^

Put

larp

Candle chook

36 Umbrella.

]

Bumlle

^

^tg-oo

(cl)

\

Cover

^-

sow

Hand

fjj

^-M//

Niipkin

fll bar jay

j^

^

Handkerchier.

LESSON XIX. Pencil.

To rub

more

j

Trousers.

B4 %-oo To

call

Bring ink.

^

neem

1^

/ee-oo

1^

/oo

1

(cl)

i

Pants

^

^/>i

W^

but

^

»(o<

j

I

Lead Pencil

Ink Ink slab.

Bring |^|5

To

deem

;/(

light

ot

j

Ink

mot I

Slab

Ink Lamp.

^ I

Come

/o-e

want

Characters.

^

I

Classifier for

(

lamps

Lamp

'J^ ''""

ye-oo

Want

^

«oy

Write

c/iee

words

to write a letter.

^ ngaw ^

-^

^

Write

SO)/

T

Pen Candle,

Words

-jp- <7/ee

tfe^

/arp j

'Jt^

chook

\

Wax

y]

douyh

Candle

f?

j^y^

knife.

Knife I

'

Little

Scissors.

Lantern.

Bring a pen and ink slab.

Bring

Jf^ neein

^

hut

Pen

gg

mo<

Ink

^

yee/i

^

gow 50W I

'J^ dun

^

\

lo-e

I

P^

Slab

Hy cheen

Can

vwoo-e

Rub

deet

Little

"io<

Ink

n^rtw

Me

n^ar»

-01" c/(M»H

)

Cut

(

knife

To

with

a

I

Needle

mot

j

What

yea

\

Thing

cut with

scissors

Eye

What.

^ ^

(

cheen

Needle.

more

Cut

And

kup

^ H^

\

Lamp

Come ink.

Hinge I

Hand

I

Rob me some

^ ^ ^ ^

^

Pin.

^ ^ -^

die

Big

tow

Head

cAh/tj

Needle

If^ seen

Thread

35

[U mean Face

^

3^

Hat

Hio

i]jg

Place

cliee

Bring

me

i(f a large hair brush.

Do you want beer?

^-

ye-oo

ig

7ieem

Bring

Wiiut

—

yot

I

Beer

IS

ko

(cl)

^

die

Big

1^

char

Brush

chow

P§ ^-

utig

Not

ye-oo

Waut

No,

I

Head

like soda water.

^ ^

P§-

i(»(7

Not

^^

i/e-oo

Waut

^

iigaw

I

F|?

cA«»5f

Middle

^

ye

Miod

so

Sweep

/o-c

Come

rigaic

Me

Please give

it

to me.

Like

g^

(7/u)i

Please

i^

i^oy

You

'f^

?'a?/

Give

J^

quo re To

o

Holland soo-e

Take

1^

off

chee

|

Water

i'

your clothes.

Take

Here

it

off

is

on the table.

Pfl

/^?^///

At

;|:^

(oe-e

Table

Clothes /OO/.:

sririii

/,0

Coat

•Jli

"<7""'

33

g

Bow many books have you?

Ice

siit

W- more

?

No,

I

have not (any)

ice

have a peo.

1

y^ yow

Have

^

How

/i-«3/

^ dough

^ No ^ ngmv I

Iri

1110

Not

^il

silt

Ice

Mauy

Book

«/»/

Floor

Don't tell that

Pa

Volume

Z;o

loiv

i^ ham

You

"«y

f/J^

|ig

j

Cd

!

°

J

i=r

man

to come.

"".'7

Do

uot

jifho

n4 %-oo

Call

Have you much ice?

'f^

91

^

"^rt'w

I

^3 yow

'^

yoiv

Have

iff

/'o

^

dough

^:

Peu

?'«<

HBf

y^

w/iar gee,

intended to he used iu Tlie

^g

Iiai/

in

a

^g ^^

M

Have

ko

That (cl)

Mau

Good

Much

say-know, meaning

non imperative

ho

You

ay

to

Come

Mauy tell

is

emjiloyed

is

literally

only

when

that wovJ {/o icll)

is

sense.

rfay duuijlt,

how many

a /cw or several. The two words in

conjunction arc, however not always used in an interrogative sense hut sometimes answer to "u certain

number"; e.g.

3v /^

Slippers.

y^-

^.

?;y(/ii)

mo

/-ay

dough, I not

how many meaning 1 have nol many.

32

n^

At

Innh

Where

1^

f/iee

Hji nay

j^

j/ce

Paper

^

lo-e

Come

tables have

you?

Vou

/^

yoio

^g

kay

^

j^

^

me pen and

/'
Give

i«<

Pea Give

How

^

wo<

Ink


Many

"^

soo-e

Water

S^

chay-ung

(cl)

^

nqato

Me

t^

/oe-e

Table

^

wa^^

?

have not many.

I

«J?rtW

\\ mo

Not

kay

^

(/ou^/i

Only

>'^ /ooi

5S fhay-u„g B# ie< Call

I

>^ yow

Have

—

yot

One

qj5

/w

Volume

Mauy

^^ wo

At

har

Downstairs die

him

Book

s//!7

Six

^^

^

j/e

(cl)

Call

jg

ko-e

Him

^

/o-e

Come

^/S ""2/

This

^

Place

J^

nun

'

Bring

')ar

IT

Broom

?

^lo-,

Come

Bring Sweep the

floor.

Clothes I

;j^

t7i«r/|

Brush

^

so

Sweep

^

/o-e

Come

f^

low

Building

^

barn

Lumber

Where

is

o o

that hair brush?

the

coolie to bring paper.

j®

X-o

(cl)

^key-oo

^

low

Head

'^

quoou

'leein

so

1^

so

Brush

)^

deem

Sweep

here.

Here chee

That

quoou

come

key-oo

o o

Get a clothes brush. Hn?(

Call

to

H4

fO

six.

floor.

hiyh

Bring a broom.

^

Only

P^

Tell

You

jjrty

He

luk

Have you a book?

How

Coolie

^

downstairs,

ko-e

Tell

jg

is

Pfig ^0

B4 %-oo •^

Where

jg

^

the Goolie to sweep the

''/icf

f\

I

fy\

^

ink.

Have /^fy

^

JM,

He

"(^

I

I'f'oi

?

Give

How many

^M xz.

I

I

Call

House

coolie

31

is

(«/) tie mail's place

[g}

-^

PjjS

^«

[^

71

mM;2

^)Ooa

//jy/(

narm

dice

i/un

literally face

basin at male jierson place.

The

past participle

is

formed by the addition of lAl.

hoo-e becomes gone

//oo-e /(t-oo,

gone; the past form

the past tense: thus to go

quore or

-J-

MS

the context being deemed sufficient to shew that

I

want

it

fifty cTiairs

qiiore

often

is

is

I

1^

/oi«

j

^.

ye-oo

Waut

;^^

ham

\

^

^S

(cl)

(cl)

LESSON -[- sup

10

r.ye

2

-|^

20

XVII.

of loug

things

20 «!
Pen 50

Fourteen

men and

sup

-f-

Ink.

six women.

(10)

U

^

(4)

;;JC

(cl)

1^

Ay

6

look

y^

^g Paper

gee

A

Persou

2/""

^ ^

How

A-a^

dough

I

Much Much

dough

Volume

;;o I

Hair brusL.

Book

sAm I

J^

Brush

c/irtrf

To use.

(cl)

Female

Water

Book.

^ ^

How many,

I

soo-el

10

«?//)

Ink

mot

Male Persons

-|^

ffl

'^

fl^ ^oi«

Head

i^

Sweep

yuugj To use '

<{/(//(

so

To use Clothes brush.

Where

is

ttat cook?

With

1^ tung

:^

Clothes

ye

Tea pot. nfia ko

i^

ko

That char

1

Tea

^

vit'oo

1

Pot

(cl)

Cook

/".'//'

At

Broom.

Water

bottle.

«oo-^

Water

5§. cAmk

Bottle

1[}C ll

Brush

j[& chart

1^

:j^ so

fll bar

^

so

hoo-e

in actual practice,

gee

Chairs

;j^ ye

"T*.

12

Pen.

(10)

chay-ung

each being a sign of

sullised.

however dispensed with

50

^

quore

he-oo, is

implied.

Lumber

(5)

sup

PS

Buildiug

iigaw

-p

or

lie-oo or

Floor.

Jp

H. ung

^ra

when

Sweep I

)

Bundle

Sweep

30 jt. say-utuj

Up

^IJ lo-e

Come

That cook

is

stairs

That

ko

10

down

^0

(cl)

Fire

IJ^ for

iCook

Head

At ~fi har

Dowustairs

Eigbt men eleven women.

A

fxirt

^

norm

|

Male

y^

f/un

\

Person

Eigbt

-|- sup

11

29

^

quoon

Goveru

j^

c/fff??*

Shop

^

/o-e

O )

^

Come

Bad.

P§-

!«!)(;

^

ho

j

\

Gone.

^

Not

/loo-e

7(

Good

lee-oo

Where

Call the chair coolie.

B4

key-oo

^

Call

/or

Sedan

^ %-oo

ise tens

To go away.

Cook

Head

Carry

;fg ?oe-e

(

Fire

Sign of past; Sig'

\

the cook?

is

Go (away)

O e.

Pf|%A

•^

At

/(oo-e

]

Go (away)

chair -'JM

That will do

sufficient.

Where

Common

Enough

-^ gow

man

I

?

Come He

is

upstairs, Sufficient.

Don't bring the tea

"fg

;to-e

He

Pj;^

/u>A

At

^

Don't

tj^
nun

:^

Bring

ko

JThat

^^

(hel

^^

rliar

.

\

r say-nng

i

To do

jo

To

f/u<

Upstairs Very.

Where

Tea

is

man?

that

-p

10

s!i;> I

That

ko

Come

;^ fuv

Part

j

(cl)

Put the large basin on

the

^

fatong

Pjig ko

iia

/^-o

A

^""

Man

table.

Put

p^

/«'^A

At

or

^

Where (el)

die

Big

^

??iea??

Face

^

pooj)

Basin

:^

;o-fc'

On

^^

;o(?-fi

Table

say-uiuj

Up

^ He

nay

Very

io-c

Thanks.

That

"^

r.

get

P§

iu/(/

^

Z:o-e

j

I

Not Deserve

?

Please. is

gone to house

call

coolie.

"fg ko-e

He

•^

Go

/joo-c

Bi|- ^Y'7/-oo

the

^


1

Much

^

/aj-H

j

Trouble

pm

f/i»?i

Call PJit »n//

Please

Don't

28 Take the

ice

and wine

Put

downstairs.

(It) is

^

downstairs.

P^

^

Bring

7)un

Ice

">0E

hiir

~J\

^k. sUt

At

high

fawn;!

Put

>-«

At

^

Dowustairs

]^. die

1^ Briug

j^

nun

Vpy

chow Wiue

•^

hoo-e

~R

har

Bring the tea upstairs.

Go

;|^^

nun

Bring

^>

char

Tea

Sdjj-unq

Up

/o-e

Come

r Downstairs

^

ili,

The words

for sfaira in down-stairs,

up

stairs, is

on the large table.

it

(/i'e

Big


Table

Face

jjU »«en?i

(They) are upstairs.

P^

At

/"i//<

Upstairs saj-ttng

properly a story

—

stairs arc

j^

|)q

y«y

<•«/>,

step-grade. ?r^o,

ly^

icheH,

A\

[|3p

na;/,

^S)

word

The

tchere

w/iich or ic>iat\

telio,

To

is.

bring,

bring and

nitit,

With

when

and

may, mo) but the rule bean,

eq

is

ol'

Jg

face or

do is

not

usually

nn iuterrogative

require

is

i^an dee, edge

may

place,

what place (that

is

it

answers to

w/iere?) TJiJ neem, to bring

is

—

^S

mean,

face

— thus

thus upon the ships deck

itpon the table

^

^^

is

fg ^^

*«« wt
ioe-e

shi[is face

upon the ships deck.

Chair coolie.

Female.

key-oo

;^

/oo

Sedan chair I

i

House

^ ^

Female

no-e I

^,,„

p erson

|

Adult

coolie.

LESSON XVI.

I

I

^

Cook.

'X

for

g^

toio

j

\

/V

ftrtW

Eight

^

jfozo

Nine

Head

—

Chair coolie.

quoon

J^

deem

Ten

-|- sup

Fire

^

'

^

•

Eleven 1

ijot

)

Govern I

\

Shop

B^ %-oo To

call

—

be used interchangeably.

eipressed by

upon the table

(such

not invariable.

any article taken between the finger and thumb neem,

particle

side or place but in interrogative adverbs

edge,

literally

^^ J^

used

certain words upon

mean, table

words

similar

^§; toe-e

Carry

!J^^
Sedan chair

f^

/o

Male.

Common man

^ narmlMaXe ^ ywn Person I

I

or

27 Vj^ nay

^

This

>Here

M

Iay

Where

Plate*

cliee

that good wine.

is

Inside

Rf@

ho

^^

deet

^

ho

Good

That

ffi

c/io?«

Wine

Ice

f^ 2^

/«>A

Is

iecf?i

Edge

)

c/(fe

Place

)

That Have you any tea?

f^

That

ice is ours.

You

^lay

^ yow

Have

-^

c/(rtr

Tea

!^

?no

?

^i} deet

Where

is

our table?

naaw

That

Pfif ho

5^

chay-uiiij (cl)

^^

/ot'-e

)M

This table

^

Table

At

high ?2£.

It is

Ours

Our

is

high

At

^

die

Big

^^

toe-e

Table

Bg

cliay-ung (cl)

^

nie.xn

Face

^^

/oe-e

Table

1^

/«>/*

Is

Where

shall

1

Mine

j^ fawmj

Put

^ p-e

At

^g

bean

^

dice

That

put it?

better put

I

beneath the table.

is

ko

ch'ice

(Where had

\i}

deet.

5

siit

Ice

io-f

At

toe-e

Table

it).

^ Where

is

my

tea cupp ;j!^

^g ngaw Where

jate

I or

my

Below

~y» har

Beneath

(cl)

re

I

i-

Tea That ice

Good

ij[fho

ij>^

ioo-e

Take

Jal nun

^^

dect

V@

choio

Wine

//()()-('

Go

PJI high

Pfl

/«>/i

in the basin.

Pfi

ho

At

^^

deet

^J<

;<(«(

Where

Ice

P^

/ii^/t

In or at

PJ

merof Face

^

poo)i

)

Here

is

Cup

Take that wine away.

^

P%

The ice

bean

Where

on the large table.

mine.

This

71^3/

Whiere

^

Is

it is.

At

That :

Basiu

26

I

have

^p

I

ypf

Tabl.'


Outsiile

7i-go-e

Ice fcvvi/l

Eilse

Have

1/0 IP

^

Outside.

and 4 knives.

3 plates

Upstairs.

^—

Take away.

Three

sarin

Building

loio I

%

jate

Take

(cl)

^"

Plate

or

_t

say-ung]

bring Downstairs.

j

5^

^

Away

-^

/ioo-c

mi

boon

Movt

hoo-e

Away

I

Four

ptj see

1'^ low

cluuj-ung (cl)

-^

Knife

dough

Up

~|\ har

Building I

Down

]

I

Downstairs.

Bring

me

a chair.

want one basin two towels

1

J[^ die

Beneath I

and one tumbler.

weem

Bring

—

yot

One

5^

c^ay-MH9|(cl)

;(:^

ye

>5|5

/o-e

:|j|j

•

|

~f\

har

I

^

ye-oo

)

Below

There.

Want P(@

Chair

One

^

That

/to I

Place

f/itv I

Come (cl)

Where. I

want two

^ ngaw ^

I

chairs.

or

me

j^ mean

Face

^

Basin

;)oo/i

ije-oo

Want

Two

^

lay-uiig

Two

(cl)

5^

c/iay-Mn(7((cl)

;jf

-/
>|J

Jll chee

Edge

chee

Place

To enter.

)

Chair

^-

sow

Hand

r|j

/:un

Napkin

^ yow

And

Not

—

One

Good

i^ko

(cl)

jjC «oo-e

Water

^^

Cup

There are no good spoons.

7no

bean

Key

•

f>T3

Spoou li

yot

boo-e

^

yop

In, to

go in

Within.

^
/o;y

Si

^ow

\

Within

Head Inside.

fg

Within

lay I

bean

Edge

25 No,

it

is

his

good plate.

24

Not

Vji

O-i'

Waut

'Kit/

?

We

(are) above.

^

No!

At

yo-f

Not

w 1

basin,

©^ o-c

licet

#

/'¥'

"IE

^-"^

Is

His

?

wo-e

I

P>tjl

Want

^

jo-e

y\

har

'/<'//

#

mine?

is

It

They "
That

^

(And) they (are) below.

a towel

(and) a spoon.

Pi

mi^o

Above

Want

o-c

want a

We

>

that his?

Is

Is

/"///'

At Mine Below

^

Basiu poo//

^ mean rj7

It

bis.

Is

Towel

f^J nay

our

^"'i

^ ;Ve

(cl)

«<"«

is

Tears (are) above.

At

fg p|E

Spoou karn

/.o-c

His

%

These (are) yours

_^

>

Above

These basins are large.

Th ese Mine (are) below.

9j^ i,ay

This

^ mead

"IE

Basin

3^

pooH

^ \\

f% jo-e

Miue

Below Iff! ^'6'

It

^ r

These forks are small.

Yours

%

At

liar

Big

"IE

above.

is

;o-f

At

suij-uiig

Above

Do yoQ want tea? i >Kiy

^

-to

It is

This

(cl) :1)^

Fork Small

You

f;5>

>'('y

^

o-e

Waut

2K

c/iar

Tea

^

At

_;o-e

...

!^.

below.

J

'lie

Below

23 A good

^

ho

^

inecm

basin.

Good )

Basin

>

Get a tea cup and sugar. iieem

Bring

^

c/ior

Tea

if^\

huo-e

Cup

f^

Go there (and) bring a large fork.

•^

hoo-c

Go There

Have you the basin (and) towel.

'f^ nay

You

/^ yow

Have

P5

^

j?i('a?i

Basin

Jff^

lu'cin

^

bcirt

Sugar

Wi

^awiig

^

/o-e

My

knife your fork (and)

Towel

his plate.

^ ngaw

?

Put the towel

in

the basin.

5^

^ee

(cl)

/^

die

Big

3^

rhar

Fork

^

/o-e

Come

Kuife

nay

'fy^t

cliee

bring

-^

hoo-e

Go There

chee (cl)

i/'''-

)

^

,

^

Basin

fg

Place

^

poon

(and)

Your

At

Jo-c

there

large fork.

^v(t;i

^ meow I

^^

c/iay-uiig (el)

^J^

^

Briug

Go

Put

Towel

;

My

_7/ '/o«,9A

^ fawng

^

jjccOT

^ un

mo

rjj

Come

^

poon

mean fj]

Bring

His

f^-o-e

ia/c

(cl)

Plato

iieem

Bring

.9^e

(cl)

^

die

Big

^

char

Fork

/o-c

Come

j(<7((w

Me

;J5^

have a wine glass (and) tumbler.

^ ngaw ^ yow

This

is

good water (but)

bad

I

Have

UJ

ho

tea.

5J
^

Good Put the tea there.

V^

cAow

Wine

;|}^

ioo-c

Cup

"^

soo-i;

Water

7^^ boo'f

Cup

e

Water

Pa

"".9

Not

j^

ho

Goo(i

^ fawng ^ cArtr

lifts

^

Xo

Put

Tea

,

\

There

me

a

22 ifes

nnd no nrc ciprcsscil by ihe verb to

he,

joined in the cnsc of no, lo n negative

[inrticle.

Adjectives precede the substantives they qualify as in English.

DB

PH»J

and

"fly ikcl, this

'fffl

|l|[|»J

tfiiit

etc.

and occasionally before other words. §

lo

(V s

)

vide supra

=

I

tgAonay

(This

chcc

i

Place

There.

Pj@ ko

(That

^

(Place

chee

Above or upon. _t. say-ung\\]^

^ go

I

High

Below or beneath.

~fC har die

(Below

'Bottom base At.

ifiE i'>''

Come

tlial,

though

]>ro[ierly

see explanation already given.

Here.

^ ^

ileet,

|dural forms, arc used (oTiliia

before words signifying fluids, or matter consisting of small jiarticU'S such ns sand, dust. Hour

Bud

here,

^

lo-e

^

nay

At or on bring

my

Come

towel.

Ho,

him, she,

;

21 jale{c\))

A small spoon.

ppOOQ '

karii

I

^HJ sigh

^

This fork.

No

^

char

ii -^

;p^ 600-c It

is

Tea

a

No Not

Cup

Cup

not a tea cup

have a tumbler.

Wiue

)

char

have not a wine glass

I

^ ^ mo

!~

ko

Spoou

I

)

That tea cup.

T

^ee (cl)

8g ham

This

\if^ nail

Small

it

is

20 Give

^

char

Tea

1^

hoo-e

Cup

1

bave wiDe.

^ ^ yow

I

(iprtW

Y@ I

6 knives.

bay

Give

y>

look

6

^

c/io_(/-«m/j(cl)

^ ^

dough

That. Ilfgl

That

/•(' I

M

'(cl)

/^-o

Those or that.

iKuives

Pflg

That

k-o I

Me

Hgraw

^^

(/ee/| (v.

s.)5

No.

Have

Wine

c/(OW

Ton bave

7 forks

and

7 spoons,

You

"f^ jmy

Have

bave no wine glass.

^ ^ wo

Not

P§

""9

(

H

/«¥«

I

P§-

?tn<;

Is or

7

ngaio

YJ§

me

Not

I

or

^

|(cl)

Not

Wine

f/iOio

Cup

>py boo-e

7no

Not

;;^ i«^

Not

(Forks

or

Have Food.

Tbis

is

a tumbler.

-b

chut

7

Rice (food /«»•"

(cl)

generally)

Mills

._

1®

% ^ ^^

i-o (cl)

)

/«-
Is

*oo-e

Water

6oo-c

Cup

;^ 58

see

Key

/cam

Spoou

It is

m

ao

wine.

high

Is

choi

Wine

Wine

o

'

I

Tbose are wine glasses. I

Those

^

(leet

-^

high

Are

f@

choia

^^

6oo-t'

«ay

I

ye-oo

Want

Wiue

•J^ chow

Wiue

Cup

^

Cup

yo«7

You Have

chow (Wine

1^

boo-e 'Glass

-^

high

Is,

^

<7/e

Big

f^

high

Yes

^U

.9!;.//j

Small

Bring

J^

6oo-e

nun

is

a big tea cnp.

Vj^ noy

This ^o (cl)

^i«'''

^

f/ft'p

3(5 /o-e

5

it

5 |(ci)

(

is,

plates.

Bring

H. ung

Tbis

M

•]§

glass.

»5«'»

Have yoa any wine.

^ ^

^ ^

want a wine

glass.

Plates

Come

are

/

19

—

yot

Oue

I

;(vj^

hoo-c

Cup

Jb

itijaw

I

Tea

y^

?/oiy

Have

'

IS^ char There

have

cup of tea.

(a)

f/irtr-

Tea

;Nf/v P3E may

?

no article in Chinese, although a demonstrative pronoun or the nnmeral "one" frequently

is

supplies its place.

The Mood and Tenses There

of the verb are not

no case inUectioLS

in the sentence

place

its

are

thus

;

in

5k

marked by

inflections, particles being used in their stead.

Chinese, hence the same word answers for I or

'(S

"gate baij

—

give,

1

when

is

reversed

me according

'j^ ^jj

baij

to

ngaw

give me.

In ordinary colloquial, the copulative conjunction are coupled, thus give

me.

Many

Chinese

me

Ireacl,

iul/er,

verbs are divided

between their component

parts,

and

cojfee

is

often replaced by the verb

becomes

in

compound words and

thus to

tiring

several nouns

place (in speaking and writing) the object

literally Tjftu

is

when

Chinese give Iread, gire butter, give coffee

yK, neem

lo-e

— carry

come. Bring

me

a

cup of tea would be carry cup tea come me.

The interrogative marked

particles are respectively

difference in value,

though

-41

?»o,

used rather in observance of custom than because of any

seems more generally than the others, to imjily a belief

on the part of the speaker that the answer will be aflirmative.

Spoon.

Wine

chow

This.

A

classifier

of

vessels,

*

LESSON

walking aui-

Demoustra5/g,

'imals

jale

Knife.

and

nay

I

'tive

proiiouul 1

parts of the

XIII.

A classifier

^^cJii/y-mii/'oi

things [

I

^

Classifier

body that arel

inen or thincpsl

ho

in

Pjj^

of)

general

This

nay

multiple

^ 5J

see

Key

karn

Spoon

[spread outl

yj

dowjli

j^

gee

Kuife

Plate.

These, or this.

A deet '>f

\

"^jalc

((cl)

^

I

Plate

deep

Tumbler.

sign of the!

possessive

fj^ soo-e

(Water

case; little

:^

[Cup

boo-e

^^

c/iar

Fork

'

18

mcati

Water

5jC .'oo-c

Bring

me

(some) tea.

Breail l>ote

^

i/ow

^ "

hart

^j^

Have )

Slugar

Bring sagar (and) water.

^^

HUH

Q

hart

tawuq

;fijL

intu

Bring

y^

char

Tea

lo-e

Come

>(_9aj(;

Mo

^ ^

Briufi

isngar

^ yew

Have

1^

Tea

char

Mc

ngaw

Give

Bring

Jin. »Ht?)

me

(some) sagar.

Give

/;<;?/

'f^

Water 1

^

want tea and sagar. i>gaiB

I

^S> ye-oo

Want

^

Tea

^-

char

ye-oo

Want

tiay

V ou

^

yow

Have

y^

soo-e

Water

j^

more

?

•y,

Do yoa want a tea copi

^ ^ ;^

you

yt'-oo

Want

^ yow

char

Tea

^^

&oo-e

Cup

^ yow

have tea caps.

ll'HUC

I

/^

yoio

fffi

|

^

^

^JC soo-e

Water

;^

too-e

Cup

^ mo

?

Havp

Have

Q

hart

Sugar

I

?

1

have sugar.

fJ5

vgaw

I

^"

yo?o

Have

>

jje tawiigi 7^

Have

have bread, sugar and

^ ngaw ^ yow

ah

Bread

Tea

yoio

yojo

PJf-

'"ran

c/wr

/^

^

Not

Have

yow

You

You

Tea

char

Have

luiy

nay

§

Have

bow

'(/j\

j^

bread,

"gra

Have yoa any tea?

Me

Have yoa (any) sugar?

You

You

^

tea.

jif/ttw

and water?

nuy

I

^

Have yoQ water?

Have

^^

Sugar

Come

Give

tea.

me

f^

to]/

^m

mca/i

Sugar

bread and water,

Giro

Bread

I

Have

'f^ iay

Give

1(1

Period

pj^ lay-ung

Two

\^

mot

What

boon

Half

^j^ (/(iwf

Period

H^jp

see

Time

r/iM»(7

Clock

^/i ./amv

^ ^

is

It

twenty

minutes

five

Time

j^ how

to four. It

is

jast ten

clock.

o'

Is '.

^

Just

It

H

Two

ye

—

Ten 25

-p

chung Clock

minute ago.

—

•

^

jHj see

Oue

yot

ko

(el)*

_

:^

-/ft'

^g

chung

P^

/<»•

cheen

Period

Clock

ten minutes past two.

is

To

#

Four

-|^ sup

(fame

Is

/nV/A

Ten

Period

(cl)*

Minute ^

Of

is

fifteen

minutes to

^

/«!>/*

Is

-p

SM/J

Tea

Fivel

Before

J

lee-oo

115 pj^

I

ay•wig

^a

J^

M

Is

tr

strike

<'/'«'•

Minutes^

/ee-oo jSigii

^ gee

To

\

i"

^

^

Ten

-|^ sup

Five

15

(cl)* I

is

half past six.

high

Is

Teu

Oue

Is

Period

11 yot

high

of It

—

minutes past two.

I

r/a)/ie

[past teusel

-f- su/)

It is fifteen

Five

l(Eu) or

J

7«ay

chung Clock

if; ''¥'

Two Period

^j^ ff'ame

That

"^

Past i

(cl)* Pfig ^o

,

Minutes

five.

15 "^j

One

»

It

may

yot

10

\

|ij!^

^

,9ee

clock.

Is

(el)*

It

o'

/'¥'

^^ dame

Minutes^

The clock struck eleven one

one

Five

Period

^j^
^g

H.

Ten

flip

uiig

is

/»> /oo/-

Sis

Minutes

B^

"ay

)^

quore

^

lee-oo

Past .

'

"It

^^'y

if; he-00

14 One day and night has

That

^

Little

nee-oo

• (cl)

= Classifier see

to Lesson

foot note

XIII.

These cross

§

—

Month

yut

/J-*

lines are

daced in this book

Bif key-oo

Called

^

yut

Month

j^

die

Big

The

29 day months are the

where

e.

to

to give the

little

ploy such a method.

+

Notice that dame

ffli:

•

^

One

yot

Day

yot

One

yea

Night

months. Is are

'

an entirely artiGcial method of

our own. The Chinese do not em-

¥

—

yot

natural

observe

resting spaces in speech. N.B. This is

g

intro-

student an idea as to panctuation i.

24 boars.

Mo u til

^^..(cl)*

fj

and

"'*

Two

ye

-f- sup

Ten

^

gow

Nine

yot

Day

are used interchangeably.

Two

1

'

29

-p

sup

Ten

ptj

.see

Four

24

.(Stroke "'*

or period

|

I

a

o B

"-(

jg

A-o (cl)

^

yut

en ^

'

^g

chung Bell

Month Chinese months are big

LESSON XL now TO TEM.

TIME.

B^

key-oo

Called

^

yut

Month

/\\ see-oo

^

taiDiig

China

\

y^ yun

Man

jij^ sore

That whichf

^

kaung

Speak

Z

9^«

Of

J^

sun

Each year has six big months

and six

Time

One hour.

—

yol

One

^/^

dame

Period

^g

cfiuiig

Bell

•

Little

^ ^ #

little

months.

moo-e

Every

neen

Year

and

j^

tai07ig

China

^

yini

Man

^

yM7

Month

/mo

(ly)

•fj^

or part

/« wow

Have

;^

Big

f/te

/]> see-oo /«y*

little.

Small

13 The name of the month added

'yun yet yttt".

is

LESSON

X.

For so

Jg[ qiaoo

Chinese have not 31 days

That

itl^

cliee

^1

moo-e Every

y^

die

Number

—

sarm

Tliree

S^

neen

Year

n4

1':<'y-oo

Call

in a

month.

jg" tawng China

'.

y^ yun >nay

Not

?/c>t(!

Have

^--

S(i?-?«

Three

"p

.sH/j

Ten

•^jc

7& p^ yun

— ^

Intercalary

yot

One


Mouth

Man

—

yot

31

One

Day One year has 4 seasons spring §

summer autumn

—

yol

One

4^

jjgen

Year

/^

?/oi«

Has

winter.

^

gee

Of

^

yiit

Month Part

In three years there

(5J «ee

Four

^p

(^JiCye

Seasons

^p

chun

Spring

.^

/»»

Summer

^

c/iow

Autumn

^

c^wn^-

Winter

One season has three months.

—

'

^

yot

One

queye

Season

-— sarm

A«

Ha Mel)*

^

)

Three

.

yili

I

Mouths

o

is

one month more.

•^

hiah

Is

—

sarm

Three

?(e(??i

Year

-•

:SE

z

added

12 To night.

11

Week

Day before yesterday.

^ H

cheeti

Before

I^

clieen

yot

Day

i%

l-o

!§

lie

Polite

^p

^z'e

Worship

\

— ^

\

Before (cl)

\

I

Bright

niun

yot

One (cl)

A-o

j

CD

To morrow.

H^

One week.

before last.

jjil /;.

Polite

^

Worship

I

jDJe

^ %

Next week.

yot

Day

^

)

Day

Two weeks.

^

Jiow

After

l^

lie

Polite

1g

/CO

Day

^

;5!e

Worship

If

lie

after to

After

morrow.

Two hoio

)

7jot

\

Week

Every other day.

]?^ larm '/oi

|

Hop

)

Day

or

skip

^

after next.

die

is

/^o (cl)

— ^

Every other day.

f^

H

kart yot

Partition ]

lie

Polite

^

pfe

Worship

Day

Worship

pi'e

Three 1^0 (cl)

,|f

/;«

Polite

pie

Worship

^

)

This week. Daily.

Day I

2/o<

Withiu,

]

in

k(

Day

yot the midst

Day

I

of.

To day.

-^

Now

^'i^??!

yot

\

Day

Yesterday.

ffp chalk] Last j/o<

)

Day

re

pr

)

iia :^| (^1

sarm

Day time. 3/oi

:^

)

Day

yot

)

Three weeks.

After

If

Polite

;

Big

y^

(cl)

'^"'"

^

Ao (cl)

This I i

)

)

^ S-

•

10 Sunday.

H ^ g

tie

Polite

pie

Worship

Day

i/ot

Monday.

^ ^ —

^ •"*.

/w

Polite

pie

Worship

Oue

yot

/I'e

Polite

p«e

Worship

Two

ye

Wednesday.

^I§

lie

^^

pie

Polite

Worship

^ s«rm Three

^ ^

Eight

^

/lo

Numher

^

j/oio

'

-^

^

Nine

lio

Number

-fi_

-p

swp

Tea

f^

Ao

sup -f-

"T

Number Teu

^ ^

Month

.yo<

Oue

§#

/io

Number

.

ye

Two

)

sup

Ten

S

/io

Number

^ ^ + •

/io

I

yot

Oue

\

I

yilt

Month

1

December.

.

520"'

Ten

Ten

wo

/

7/e

1

»/«<

Month

)

>

ORDINALS.

— 31 1^^^,

One

^

^

yot /it)

One

Number

] '.

§#

)

-f' sup

j

ijot

Teu

ill"'

\

sarm Three *"P

— ^

sup

j^

—

Number

»/e

Two

§#

/io

Number

lie

Polite

—

sarin

Three

pie

Worship

^

//o

Number

9 ml

Kii

Four

/(c

Polite

p/e

Worship

ung

Five

LESSON

lie

Polite

pee

Worship

/ooi-

Six

VIII.

pt] see

Four

^

/io

Number

^

51

ung

Five

|

^

Ay

Number

1

look

Six

/io

Number

''l"'t

Seven

i

ho

Number

1

i

(th

Weekly.

Saturday.

jjjf

\

November.

Friday,

^

)/((/

9"'

Thursday.

pt[ gee

fl^

Teu

sup I

^

—

October.

jg„_

IlO^h

Tuesday.

mS 'VS£.

A6«K

,]i|

//e

Polite

^

pi'e

Worship

H

yy'

Day

Itij

l.a>/

Time

j

^ S-

^

)

j

e)

-\2

j

»

^

Ih

9

14"'

January.

7P

^

Right

rhun

Mouth

|/g see

^

ZL

ye

^

yut

j

Two

\

Mouth

(4)

yot

February.

Every

-|^ moo-e

-f^ sup (10)

(14) yilt

Monthly.

day of the month.

Day

yilt

Mouth

\

The Chinese method of expressing the day of the

26"' day of the month.

month.

^

Zlye

(2)

Chiua

tauniq

I

j

March.

—

_

Three

sarm

(10)

-P

.»;>

-^

look (C)

<^

(2G)

)

#V

"

Mau

?/((;(

I I

j

Month

yo«

P

April.

ptj see

)

)

Four

30"'

^—

)

day of the month.

fiQ^

Tiime

(30) -f- s?75 (10) yoC *

Five

Mouth

Day

yo<

SfliVM (3)

Month

May.

j

Day

to

(cl)

=

I^'

Day

^^

Classifier see foot note

—

•

day of the month.

Begin

cliaw I

yot

Oue

j

Lesson XIII. 2'"i

:^

June.

day of the month.

chaw

Begin I

""' >»"»

?/<;

Six

Zoo/c

Mouth

3"!

I

July.

-^

;f<^

Mouth

hart

^

yiU

)

LESSON

VII.

Eight

I

Mouth

Niue

fjow yilt

j

Mouth

1

Begin

)

Three

day of the month.

^<^

(7irttt)

-j^

«?(/)

Begin I

Ten I

MONTHS Of THE YE All. 11"'

day of the month.

Monthly.

September.

^

cAait)

10"'

August.

/V

day of the month.

^ sarm

Seven

chil I

"^

Two

I

I

-h m^

^ fjj-

Month

yilt

—

(10) (11)

yot (1)

I

fun

Part

t/o<

Day

I

8 Next year.

Sammer.

W

Summer

li'.ir

H^

f^

To walk

/i(7rH

Bri
iiinii

(To

I

Heaven

^

/^3c (loiir/h-c

neeii

AotQinn.

^

chotP

^


Year

1

Last year.

^ ^

^(VZ;

To

Autumn I

Heaveu

I

^

(low

^E

jiceii

OKI I

vieaiDKj

To depart

/(Oio

Beiiiiu], after.

/«<

A

serve

Year

^g

^ ^

in

Year before I

lane

last.

Wiuter

diiiuj

Heaveu

\

^ ^

^

law

Before

(•/«'(^H I

* Put pronounced like

»/^e«

Year

I

in the

word Putty.

Month

yut

New

year.

This month.

This

^

^

««ji

^

veeii

Month

yra

Last month.

_h my-WHj

\

New I

Year

I

Tear after next.

^ ^

After

/iou' I

7)fe)i

1

yut

LESSON

Month before

^

last.

H

f/(7j'»

Before

yut

Month

)

^

veeit

Year

Begin

I

Day

H^

see

Time One year.

Foar seasons.

ptj

Four

."j^-e

—

One

yot I

I

B^

s(?t'

VI,

years day.

Month j[; ryrtn

^

Year

^ New

^

to.

I

7

Winter.

^

behave

'

9

treat, to

I

)

Times

^

iteeii

j

Year

Next month. This year.

Spring. '

Below

^

ko ic\)*\

^

yut

Mouth

^

r/(ini

^

/awe

(

Spring

-^ him

)

Heaveu

^

Now I

iieen

)

Year

tlic

Put

Peace or

^j^ orn

rest.

A

[

respectful

6

^

iterm

yin

To

zye

Proper,ought.

"p^ qwoo

7 'jg'

for

finish {

married

J

unmarried

LESSON

or

V.

s

females

'

'g' quooii

Officer

3

To

I

m

(J 11)1

settle,

to

^^

I

(

encircle.

(

Prisoner,

s

jfis.

[7]

Villainous

ancestor.

1

Guest, strang-

(

er, visitor.

^

m

maiviKj

1

11

Improper

^

(

[H] Itiful.

For, because.

,<;<'(?

Four

5

To

9

^J]

*g^

.srt?z

To preach

i^

i/'fi?

To allow

ot

7

kP me-00

distress,

To impede

faiciig

I

ex-

Perfect,

hamper

I

I restrain.

celleut.

(Solid,

(Family, home.

Envious, jea-

3

(secure, stable.

^lous. (

A

iooiip

firm,

|gj IJIPOO 8

I

dough

(household.

or

{

10

,

prison.

!/(«(

Fair or beau-

on

a

J

House, home.

Slit

enclose, to

''/(0!«

5

Au

chooiir/

,j

To

Beginning

chee

jl^ karn

^^

I

^

palace

in

>noo-e

Younger

son

Surname

|m

To

reverse

vwoo-e

sister

(or turu back.

s

Rich

jjjfj:

Woman

12 8

Bis

•"^ miti

Minister

E

3

A

cover

A

of

Residence, cousort,

I

I

state j

A

Slave

5

dwelling.

heir

wife, or iA f.

classifier

To guard,

apparent.

to

I

\J€ put *

I

of

horses,

-if"

sow '

beards,

|fp

fay

etc.

^

Banditti

Good

Wordorletter.

chee

As,

G

J

A

^fho e,

in

^ chick

protect.

.^

(

To

/

world.

shelter, the

tm

if,

like,

according

ye

short step I

same.

to,

Mayorpossible.

h,iw

"PJ*

To

I

"^

to

aiil,

dun

{Jill

A

I

a

phrase,

ftl koo-el 5

I

sentence.

ko-ii

^Jj

Knock

\

_^

To

imitate,

5

^

««;«

To

/o«

A

j

forgive

rabbit

Six

y»> /ooi\>

(Olil-remote, "gy
book

To

liar

Below, down.

Jiviue.

Jt^-oom; Together, with.

"^

Tounite,toshut.

G

n

-fii

3

-^

)//!;i

I

5

//o/>

A boy,an infant

to toil.

^'a

Manage

!/;(!

^ ^

Labor.fatigue.

7

P[] (0(0

To subdue

^

assist. i

/(!(/

7

[*

sai/-uiii]l]Y>,

Soldier

//>(;(

above,

^

rju<

Luck

^

boon

Half

:^

iiniu

Name

4P

ooJi

Noon

lUe, she,

%H ^

s

her,

its,

his.

they.

Tool

^oo-c

c

it,

8 't'c

PJ2

To vomit

<^

Cow

)(jfO!c

-B^

Canon, code.

(/rt7)C

s

(Together,

the

>Cv

dough Knife

"JJ

G

(same.

i;

3^ yea-ung Sheep Soldier

(7ii/<

A sharp wea-

(

^To announce,

«/"

\

-^

itoteU.

lull

Besid es

or

another.

j

A

note of in-

_ r.

\

Number,

{

mark.

or

^ chaw 7

|I,

us,

jg

^.,,,^.^,

To

call

(to guard.

-

^

my, we,

<(/«

To swallow

cut, carve.

5

(terrogatiou.

-

To

c7ie«/

JT] I

(pon

3

I

^

(Eminent, ex-

^

(The

the

(beginning.

(To plunder,

to

9<^«P

rob openly.

(

toe-e

alted.

^

Right as

Strength

Ink

dist-

Merit,

(

jb

first,

\

yoio

anguished

ijj koong 5

(from

^ how

'

meri-

I

(torious.

left.

!To add

Queen

increase.

to, to

M

Month,

ov

I

~p

To

Give

sye

.'/'''

f^7"

moon.

guess.

Wood

yj^ Hiooi

estimate, to

4

Flesh or meat

Jl jjook

(Root of tr ee.

He, she,

"(^ ko-e

it.

7 (

5

^ (If

the origiu

vwore

Grain

/(0!W

Month

1/ot

Day

7

superior

I

(But,

3

only,

(simply.

7

or sun.

i

To speak

^

Like, or similar.

f/zee

7

4

LESSON

m

IV.

(To

..

Field

ten

YP

act,

to

t7( or ^M

(make,

7

to do.

From

A

low

"p

cover

1^ LT

Armor

karp

mawng Lost, dead j

J^

What

mot

To

'to

^

sup

Ten

f/((;(?/i

1000

stretch,

Ashield, to op-

extend.

4 3

fiual

paralso

ticle, iA

on, of

-f" ye

from, through,

blade.

'

'

(by.

Begiuning

yin

[Elegant,

Elder brother

Jjj hu)i

Q

allow,

A

I

I

to

prosperous.

du?i

~J

j

f

(

,jt

dants, post-

choi'

Tofill,tostufi.

/»(??(/

Cruel

•^

dividual.

Hand

«0M'

erity. I

light

(

Stomach or

(

appetite.

^

/oo

Aniuterjectiou

(of

admiration

or surprise.

u

y[^ seen

First,

an iu-

4

i

A

sting,

Descen-

permit

f/n»n/

yf^ quorrig

nail, a pin, a

c/(oy-»))i7Jflourishiug,

s

(To

Jr|[j

at,

I

sprout, a

I

7

;^

pose, tooffend. to offend

In,

A

further.

yQ

(

Crooked

cook

before

^

7nook

Eye

-^

gee

Child

—

H

ye

-p

sup (10) i'

(2)

•

322

yot

(one)

boon

(half)

)

(20);

^_ "§

20

-j5}-/u«

(part)

-^

(seven)

(7ii4/

^jp.

T_ (

sunn

(four)

-'"^'

(part)

—

yot

(one)

-^

.«»/'

Zl

3/.>

.
(part)

^/ooA

(three)L

^

(2)

(6)

To

?.<,;<

(100)

down,

punish.

I

+

s"P

(10)

S.

"".V

(5)

Tliiugs.apaity.

for

'J'o

lie

or

^o<

—

prostrate,

^''^

—

•

(one)

^

fall

j

^/ook\

— ^

(part)

—

yot

(one)

)

1

—

'

(tenth)

humbly.

f

A. file

A

of 5 men.

classifier

of

as

of

articles

kill

— ;/L coio

Sim

To

t

(tenth)

hart (8)

dwell, sign

(

Trust, responsibility, to

ye

/

m

/""

how, why.

i^

look

hart 'JO*'

(1000)

i

(1)

(100)

s i

(1)

s.p

(10)

'jot

(1)

75 624

A^

chut

-a

(7)

o o o §

)

:^;jmr;i (10000) 18

H.

tti'ii

^

f/,m- (1000)

:^

/ooA-

(G)

/;<7r<

(100)

"g

(2)

(part)

(5)

o o

)

_0 '"^0 '

Hye

1

(

-|- .v"P

PI

.see

o o

i

(2)

(10)

hat (six)

j

)

(10)1'

What, which,

ijol.

10

(20),

allow.

I o

j

c/ieeii

9

H

(five)

Zl

j

(1)

\

I

(part)

(of present tense.

I

^

j

-|^ sup (10)

/^

5

(nine)

tlress.

I

J

(lO -f-

ffi. "»<;

i

nil

(eight)

6

^

j^^;

to

strike,

j

(4)

(one)

'^/(jr/to

^

cut

600

I

(part) [

)

645

(three)

III.

Uo

('^^

^see LESSON

300

i

(10)

(four)

^—

I

barl (100)

V

PJI see

(3)

(4)

i

o

\

.

^

look (6)

-f-

.up (10)

—

!JOt

—

^

—

'j^ chay-u7if/\a,

1

tjot

rely ou,

sharp

weapon. (1)

1

100

"g" bart (100)

i£ "§

To

Ordinary use of Nomerals.

CO

ZLye

—

j

2 Still,ialike

•.

sarm 3 [manner.

5

U7HJ

(5) I

500

Pg

see

4

i.

w";/

5

-^

look 6

(100)

/«n-<

.y^

Child. 5

He, she, or

(1)

1000 (1000)'

cheen

fi!t

lar


a mail's

name. -|^ sup

(10)

j

10 000 =f^

r/«'c;,

(1000)

/\

8

/'fl)'(

^Q

j

Instead

doiiijh-e

of

5

10 000

—

7/0<

:||

m((7-»

-j-

(1)

(10 000)

-^snp

— + wp

100 000 -f-

M

)«ani (10 000)

,;

A

(

a share.

part or

' Adjective.

(10)

)

(1)

)

yot

(10)

s///)

10

,S«jO

(

(10)

1

12

Hye

(2)

-j- sup

(10)

I

500 000

H.

uv
j

(5)

—

50

-h

M

'";^

«o)'m

(3)

Chinese numerals.

mar

II

H^fi

(10 000)

1000 000

^

M

(2)

yot

—

.5(7?';?;

(1)

j

20

j

(3) I

30

100 hart (100) inarii

(10 000)

pg

s^'c

-j- sup (10)

1000 000

A

tatoiii

china

/

o

yiin

man

\

S

so

count

;

(4) j

—

II.

(10)

-j- sup (10)

—

LESSON

13

]

2/

40 r~|

I

c c

mooh eye j

yot

(1)

5E.

uiifj

(5)

-f

.«;.

(10)

1

I

^|
50 j

T

hee

letter

combination

by

make

-f^

snn, Honesty, trutlifulness; literally a

man

standing

his word.

that

observe

further

means

root or

the

Willi

"Radical" idea thus clearly defined, the student will these

of classification

for

radicals all

may,

Chinese

ami

words,

in

reality

(rather

tiiau

founded on the number of strokes in a word or character).

do,

furnish a

a classification

We

have noted

that the Chinese have no alphabet, but they do possess 214 Radicals under

which

head,

classified.

all

It is

Chinese words may, for the written language, be properly

not necessary at this stage for the student to memorize these

"Radicals", though

will

it

well repay one to occasionally glance over the

so as to familiarize one's self with

of

the

words.

For

a

list

the general arrangement and appearance

of "Radicals",

and for further remarks on the

formation of Chinese words, see subsequent pages.

^

Itaie

Heaven

list,

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. each

character

is

The Chinese Language has no alphabet;

a word; heuce the necessity for the student beginning to

memorize characters

word or

at once, eacli

cliaracter thus learned being

may

addition to one's vocabulary. Written Chinese words

number

the

to

of "strokes", each character contains; by "strokes"

or character, thus the

twenty

paratively)

written,

primer,

of strokes of the pen

may

vary from one to

with

impossible to give a beginner, any such

is

it

a long

list

of easily written

or five lessons, of this book

and

easily

character in pen,

number

number, hence

in

a

four

first

we mean

more. The simple or uncomplicated stroke words are few (com-

or

thing as

be classified according

of separate strokes of the pen necessary to write a given word

number

the

an

lessons

necessary

to

however, furnish a number of easily

The numerals under each Chinese

remembered words. III,

I,

IV,

V,

Chinese words; the

indicate

form the given word;

it

the

is

number

of strokes of the

advisable for the beginner to

copy these characters, trying to "verify" the strokes in each. In lessons

I,

III,

IV and

V

the student will note a similarity in the

appearance of some of the characters;

common

a

root or "Radical": thus

y>in — a man — appears '^

and

is

in

20

i,

the

certain words have as

lesson

in

cliai'acters;

almost invariably placed at the

the student progresses he will observe that or,

e.;

(in

I

it

the Chinese character

were,

y^

combination the J\^ becomes

left of the

word or character). As

many Chinese words

are compounds,

combinations of two or throe or four separate Chinese words or characters, dissection

or analyses

the written character; thus

become

ij^

Jio

— good;

-^

of which will, often reveal the idea, conveyed in

^ ^jun

iio-e

a

female, and

man

-^

gee child, in combination

(standing), and

^"

yin a word, in

SECTION

I.

EXPLANATION OF PRONUNCIATION.

The sounds

As given

phonetically.

spelled

Chinese

the

of

-words

are

given

our system,

in

in

italics,

they

words being

all

represent

the

nearest

some familiar English combination of letters e.g. to express the long broad "o" instead of printing it "do" we print it dough and

possible

so

the

approach

pronounce nearest

it.

to

When

approach

doubt as

is

pronounced monosyllabically not

chejje.

monosyllabic are indicated

koo-c,

lioo c,

etc.

the exact pronunciation always recall

Remember

—

thus

cheye

is

ch and

ei/e,

also that all phonetics that are

by the employment

of

hyphens

e.

g. n-yoi-e,

i.e.

words of two

etc.

Ati

is

pronounced

like

Aio

„

„

„

„

Ei/e

„

„

„

„

word eye.

IffA

„

„

„

„

igh in high.

Oo

„

„

„

„

00 in BOOTY.

Oi

„

,.

„

„

oi

„

ow

in

qu

in question.

Otv

N.B.

to

an English equivalent

to

„

„

„

the au in autocrat.

aw

in oil.

Qu

„

„

„

„

V

"

"

>f

"

V

„

,.

„

„

ii

Ung

„

„

„

,,

nag

The brackets

or more comiioneut parts.

eniiiloyeil

awe.

in

cow.

"

"

(in

ft

German) in

GLiick.

HUNG.

throughout our book indicate comi)Ounil words,

XIV

195

Adjectives

199

Nouns

206 209

— 209 — 212

Proiiouus

{A

lisl

of

those used in ever;/

»»»o »»» »»»» »»»

Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjuuctions,

212

Verbs.

222

(..•1)

Verbs euding

in

'^^ gee.

225

{B) Verbs ending

in

;]^ hat/.

228

(C) Verbs ending in

228

(Z>)

Verbs ending

in

229

(J?)

Verbs ending

in

230

(/')

Verbs ending

in

231

(G) Verbs ending

in

234

(//) Verbs ending in J.g

230

(./)

Verbs ending

239

(A')

Use of the verb

244 246 247 252 255 259 268 314 314 317 319 320

Particles.

351

in

|j(5

^|J

etc.

/„,/-,„/•. ,/,.»,///.

-^J doiu/h. {jj

ch>,i.

^

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Section IV.

How To

Write Chinese.

Rules For Writing Chinese Chiiracters.

How To Use a Chinese Dictionary. A List Of Radicals, or Determinatives. Easy Lessons In Chinese Writing. Appendix.

Key To Chinese Preface. Translation Of Chinese Preface. Key To Poetical Selections. Index. Errata.

day

speech).

»

»

»

»

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

— XI

I

XII XIII

Title Page, lutroductiou,

Preface.

Chinese Preface.

— XIV

XV

Table of Couteuts.

Explanatiou of Proiiuuciation.

XVI

Section

I.

1—89 90—91

Thirty Three Graded Lessons.

92

Section

93—137 138

— 139

140 141

— 154

154—155 155—158

— 159 159 — 161 161 — 163 163 — 173 158

Prayer.

II.

The "Sarra Chee Kun"

or Chinese Primer.

Specimen Pages of a Chinese-English Dictionary. Section

— 145

145—146 146—151 151

The Lord's

III.

Man's Relations. (A)

Social.

»

»

(B) Political.

»

»

(C) Civil.

Man's Disposition. Public-Buildings. Places of Business. Institutions of Learning.

Professional Occupations.

Parts of a Building.

Rooms and Room

Contents.

Parlor, sitting room, bedroom, library, dinhigroom, washroom, kitchen.

173

Stable contents.

173-174

Carpenter's Tools.

174

— 176

176 184

— 183

Wearing Apparel, Jewelry. Varieties of Food (Animal, Vegetable,

— 185

Specimen Pages of a Chinese-English Dictionary.

186 187

Fruit, etc.).

Specimens of Chinese Poetry.

— 194

Parts of Speech. Articles or Classifiers.

xn

XI

add

trust,

to the

value of our book.

notably Lobscheid,

To Professor Giles we gestions in our

We

are indebted to

some

earlier writers,

Kenny and Bevan. are

deeply indebted for the

many

kindly sug-

has made, as well as for the sympathetic interest he has shown

lie

work

since it's inception.

In conclusion

we wish

to

extend to our printers, the firm of E.

J.

Brill,

of Leyden, Holland, and their able corps of assistants under F. be Stoppblaak, Esq., our sincere thanks for the unfailing and untiring efforts they have put forth to

that

of

make

a successful issue of our

our printers have

ocean,

book possible.

When

it is

remembered

been separated from us by over four thousand miles

any small typographical

errors will no doubt be indulgently over-

looked by the careful reader. In

which as

presenting

may

this

men

can

to the

we

to the public,

unfold on the perusal of

we have each given

professional

book

it's

trust that

any imperfections

pages will be taken lightly, inasmuch

consummation of our work, many hours which

but poorly afford. Being a work of love,

hope that "Love's Labor" has not been

we

can only

lost.

WALTER BROOKS BROUNER. FUNG YUET MOW.

Our method it

graded

are aware, entirely original and unique, in that

we

study of Chinese, iu true Chinese form. The

the

presents

easy

so far as

is,

lessons

first

section of

quite comprehensive and if thoroughly mastered by

is

the student will give a solid, broad and deep foundation for the superstructure.

In presenting the Chinese primer,

making of in

by

us.

we have followed

greater Chinese

model,

when

scholar

in

not exist.

whom

of Professor Giles, than

rendering

the

does

doubt as to the exact interpretation

Apart from

its

a

value as a Chinese

Some

English translation gives us an index to Chinese thought.

the

by

City and the interlineations and interpretations thereof supplied

In obscure passages, or

thereof,

original plan,

an interlinear production. The Chinese primer was purchased

it

New York

we have adopted an

of the aphorisms are unique and others are majestic in their simple grandeur.

The

third

section

of the book

amount of valuable material

is

important, in that

to

any Chinese work that we have ever seen, there

immense

contains an

is

here presented for the

time a comprehensive analytical presentation of Chinese words. Take for

first

example the word

now

it

4^ ^^

bi'tter; in Chinese

VtJIj

it

is

so happens that each one of these three, is a

of which

the

it

those who would acquire Chinese. For unlike

may

meaning

cows, milk,

be

met with independently word. Translated,

of each

oil. It

will be seen

called

word

in itself,

in the language.

njoto

ngow nigh

more words

;

the exact

large

and

character

are

composed

compound, being composed of two or

meaning of each component part has been given by us

section

small

literally

is

on investigation of the third section of our book,

many words

each instance; this method

The fourth

any one

Our book gives

nigh yoio (butter)

that (contrary to the general idea of the Cliiuese language being mainly

of monosyllabic words)

yoto;

type,

is

in

of inestimable value to the student of Chinese.

of our

book contains about one thousand words iu

arranged as

to

strokes,

and having opposite each

the root or "radical" number. It seems strange indeed that never

before, so far as

we

are aware, has such a representation of Chinese writing

been given either by a native or foreigner. This arrangement, together with

our chapter on

"How To Write

Chinese" enables the student to readily grasp

the idea of writing Chinese.

We

have

dictionary.

construction

also

given

several

sample

pages

from

a

Chinese-English

These reproductions will give the student a clear idea as

to the

and form of a dictionary. There will also be found a couple of

Cliinese Poetical selections.

The copious index which we have made,

will

we

IX

Chiaese

unusually

is

the

on

section

Chinese

not

is

not to

more

be

difficult

is

pen

the

its

the

print

to

scarce be imagined

ought it

composition yet

A more

same.

takes about 32 separate strokes

it

accomplishment could

fascinating

than the ability to write Chinese characters.

overestimated, since

to

of the subjects

acquire

gives one as

it,

found in

a

are

same time acquiring

the

at

Athens

Rome;

or

unique,

is

world's population; moreover

least a third of the

training as do

There

modern language,

a language

which

a language

This can not be

much mental

curriculum.

college

fascinating in the thought that in acquiring a

we

it

15 stroke Chinese word, than

for us to write a

is

commeucing

grasped,

THE VALUE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF CHINESE. many

reader

a Chinaman, to learn to write such a word as plenipotentiary. This

for

has only 15 letters in of

the

so,

writing before

study of Chiaese. Once the idea of written Chinese

the

is

over

look

requested to

This

acquire.

to

difficult

is

something

(i. e.

Chinese)

more ancient than that of in that it is

it

is

known

to at

the only live language

extant, that antedates the Christian era.

The

advantage also

utilitarian

is

not to be underestimated. The opening

of the

20"'

Century already gives promise of the prominent

yet

play

in

to

world

obtained from our book, will be of inestimable value to those

We

doing business with the Chinese. of the Chinese language will be as

hope

common

of German, French, Spanish, or Italian,

of

them

to

see the

to

is

be

who contemplate

day when a knowledge

to-day.

is

to

China

to require

mouths study of the Chinese language before embarking

at least sis

Only those who have evinced an

for China.

China

an accomplishment, as a knowledge

would be a good plan before sending Missionaries

It

role

Moreover commercially, the knowledge

politics.

ability for acquiring the Chinese

lauffuaffe here should be sent to China. This method would save a considerable

outlay

money

of

many

as there are

wortliy people

who

caunot acquire any

foreign language.

OUR BOOK. remitting labor

may are

In presenting to the public the result of several years un-

we

believe

we have

filled

a long felt want.

We

trust that it

stimulate a thirst for knowledge of things Chinese and that those started

mastered paration

on

Chinese

by

us,

right

the

road by our eiforts

thoroughly. will

become master of the

we

may

The publication of another work now

trust,

enable

the

art of reading, writing,

who

continue until they have in pre-

advanced student of Chinese to

and speaking Chinese correctly.

vni for us to acquire to speak, read,

grammar may

and write the language correctly; hence as

be defined to be "the art of speaking, reading and writing a

language correctly", the Chinese language Just

as

English,

in

yet convey

Thus

four,

nounced alike; there

which

Chinese; this

in

has led

seeks

s3'stera,

not hard to comprehend.

though pro-

with us no ambiguity as to idea, for by context we

is

adoption

the

to

is

are each spelled differently,

fork,

for,

be said to have a grammar.

some words which have the same sound and

know the meaning intended

instinctively

of sounds

are

meanings, so

difl'erent

English

in

there

may

;

so with the Chinese. This similarity

by Europeans, of a system of "tones",

by the placing of circumflex signs

at the four corners

of a given Chinese character, to convey the exact tone of the word.

an

artificial

of the it

is

method, and one the Chinese themselves do not employ; because

difficulty

of mastering this artificial method, and the discouragement

lends to the study of Chinese, and because

essential to the purpose of this

supply

This

tones,

we

as

we do

not

deem

it

absolutely

volume, no attempt has been made by us

believe by the

employment

to

of our system of phonetics

and the close application of the contents of our book, such a system of tones will be found unnecessary.

We

have previously noted that the Chinese language

was originally mainly a monosyllabic language

compound;

a glance at the

correctness

of our

words

statement.

in

quiring of the language, as by their use,

dialects,

are

one of which

each

from Dutch. This hook

who

of the Chinese

is

a

ac-

be capable

made comprehensible.

employed throughout the Chinese Empire eight * difiers

from the other as much as English does

written in the Cantonese dialect since the majority

are to be found here and outside of China are from the

Canton Provinces. Mandarin

China;

words are not

many words which might

is

the official language of China. It

to call attention to the fact, that written Chinese all

in reality few

These compound words quite simplify the

of misconstruction (phonetically) are thereby

DIALECTS. There

;

our book having brackets will show the

Chinese

manuscript

is

is

is

well here

uniformily the same over

equally intelligible to an inhabitant of

the far north or the extreme south of China, "just as the Arabic and

numerals are understood

all

Roman

over Europe, although pronounced differently by

various nations."

WRITTEN CHINESE. *

This

refers

to

the Chinese Empire.

the

maio

There

dialects;

is

a popular fallacious notion that written

there are said to be twenty nine dialects in use throughout

PREFACE.

seems incredible that in these days of advanced learning, there has

It

heretofore been no suitable

would enable a student

The absence

Chinese.

MADE

handbook of the Chinese language;

is

the raisou d'etre of our

and

Spanish,

are each

Italian

is,

strange to say, easier to acquire than

many modern European in turn,

example the

more

languages. German, French,

difficult

for

whether

word hand be of masculine, feminine

the

French, Spanish or Italian or feminine

memory

with

than Chinese.

in

recall

or

neuter

gender;

is

is

irrevocably fixed in our

at once self evident,

gender nor declension

;

in

whether the word be of masculine

Chinese, as in English,

all

we need burden

the word "hand", which in Cantonese Chinese,

is

Once learned the word sow of such a language

we must

whereas

gender;

to learn

word hand. In Get-man we must remember

Let us take

when we

memory. The

is

sow.

simplicity

are told that words have

that verbs have no conjugation (and

either active, transitive, neuter or even causal); that the language

mainly of monosyllabic words, which are really

may

"CHINESE

EASY".

THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE

neither

book that

without a teacher, a working knowledge of

to acquire,

of such a book

ancient Greek or Latin, or

our

—a

root ideas; and

is

may

be

composed

that a

word

be used either as a noun, verb, adverb or conjunction, depending simply

on the context or as the exigencies of the surrounding words demand. This

has led to

grammar. What

is

the

popular fallacy

tliat

meant by that statement

the Chinese language has no is

that a

grammar per

se has

never been made by the Chinese themselves. Nevertheless the Chinese language does adhere to certain forms in the use of speech, which forms

it is

necessary

TI

fharacter, as

tlie

whole surmounted by an adequate grammatical rendering such

would be employed

in

colloquial English.

Then follows the famous as

regards

sounds and

classical

Primer, the "Sarm Chee Kun," treated,

explanation in the same way. This

is

the

placed in the hands of every Chinese school boy, and he learns It

would be

commit

to

well

the foreign student

if

memory

a

curious

it

first

book

by heart.

would do likewise; he would thus

epitome of Chinese philosophy, history, and

biography, and familiarize himself with about

five

hundred and sixty Chinese

characters in the process.

Besides various other interesting sections there well-chosen all

But he can

list

of about a thousand

commend

itself to

of Chinese as a great improvement on the small size of type

employed far

a

characters written on a bold scale, which will

beginners

so often

is

in introductory

handbooks.

more important than the above

is

the feeling of the student that

take up this book and positively progress from day to day without

further assistance of any kind. In fine,

the

contents

any student who of "Chinese

shall succeed in transferring into his

Made Easy,"

will

find

own head

himself well advanced on

the road towards a good acquaintance with the Chinese language.

^^.M^^^e-^

A -^i/^

.

INTRODUCTION.

The study

of Chinese

attracting just

is

now

a larger share of attention

than at any previous period throughout the history of foreign relations with

Middle Kingdom,

the

continue as

student,

language and

can

it

it

seems likely that this interest

will steadily

develop. Considering however, the admitted difficulty of Chinese

to

written

a

and

hardly

be

elementary handbooks,

the

of dialects which confront the

multiplicity that

said

dictionaries,

the

etc.,

supply of guides is

at

in

the shape of

out of proportion to the

all

demand.

Meauwhile there

is

slowly

growing up

a special class of students

who

without political or commercial motives, would nevertheless be ready and pleased to obtain

and by

an insight into the written vehicle of the Chinese language and by

to penetrate to

the vast literature that lies beyond. For these students

Walter Brooks Brodner and Fung Yuet Mow have taken great pains to provide a work under the fascinating title of "Chinese Made Easy" by means Dr.

of

which

may

be

make himself

can

exemplified

the

acquainted with

famous Chinese saying, "that a scholar all

things, without ever leaving the four

of his study;" in other words, the intention

walls

interest in linguistic studies, for the sake of a

with

the

assistance

of this

is,

hobby

that any one with an or

what

not,

may

gain,

book a knowledge of the genius of the Chinese

language colloquial and written.

To these

begin with there are thirty-three lessons on

in

every

ordinary

manner of

subjects;

of sentences in clearly printed Chinese characters accompanied

consist

to

all

case

by the sounds

English

in

the Canton dialect, transliterated according

requirements,

and also by the

ivii7e33i

literal

meaning of each

CARPENTIEW

'•OMNE IGNOTUM PRO MAGNIFICO KST."

FBESS OF

Late E. LEIDEN

J.

BRILL

(Holland)

dZ^

G/f-v^

CHINESE MADE EASY BY

WALTER BROOKS BROUNER. of Columh'ui

Vniversitij

i?i

the

City

A.B.,

of ^etv

M.D.

J urii.

AND

FUNG YUET MOW Oiincse Missionary in the City nf

WITH

HERBERT

Ji\

New

York.

INTRODUCTION BY

A. GILES, M.A., L.L.D., (Aberd.)

Professor of Chinese in the University of Cambridge, E'ngland

and

late.

II.

B. M. Co7isul at

Ni?/ffpo,

1904

NEW YORK

THE MAOMILLAN COMPANY LONDON

MAOMILLAN &

C".

All Rights Resolved

L't'd.

CHINESE MADE EASY

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