Chiller vs VRF system
LG Electronics Inc. LGEHQ CAC Team
1. Design Comparison Design
Operation
System concept
Installation
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
V R F i s v e r y s i m p l i f i ed e d r e f r i g e r a n t p i p i n g s y s t e m . M o r e f l e x i b l e t h an a n w a t er er p i p i n g .
• Chiller
• Cooling tower
• Outdoor unit (air-cooled type)
• FCU (Fan Coil Unit)
• Water piping, Duct working
• Indoor unit
• AHU (Air Handling Unit) • Water pumps
Chiller
• Refrigerant piping
1. Design Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Network design
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
E as y n e t w o r k w i r i n g
• Complicated wiring
• Simple wiring
ACP
1. Design Comparison Design
Operation
Total management
Installation
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
(For VRF) Manufactu rer prov ide all equip m ent
• Complicated control structure, additional
control manager in the system needed, increasing cost • Third part control provider needed, interconnectivity problems.
VAV boxes supplier [Manufacturer]
• Simple control structure
No additional control provider • Central control and energy monitoring with low cost available
2. Operation Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Individual operation
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
A f t e r o f f i c e h o u r s o p e r a t i o n , VR F c o u l d b e o p e r at e d f o r t h e u s e r d e m a n d s .
• The systems commonly condition the entire building
at predetermined times, with
• The systems condition only the
necessary rooms with
Operating Area
< Limited operation>
2. Operation Comparison Design
Operation
Temp. control
Installation
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
P r e c i s e t em p e r at u r e c o n t r o l
Feature
Chiller system
Temperature control
Require 1 or 2
Cooling
MULTI V Plus Very precise 0.5
MULTI V system
Chiller system 30 . p m e t m o o R
0.5 0 C from set point
25 20 15
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
MIN.
(VRF)
3. Installation Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Space (Duct working)
Commissioning
Maintenance
VRF system doesn’t need a duct space.
• Large duct space
• Small refrigerant space
Reliability
3. Installation Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Installation space
Commissioning
Maintenance
VRF system is no need for a machine room .
• Need a machine room
• No need a machine room
Pump (Machine room drawing) (Rooftop drawing)
Chiller
Boiler
Outdoor Unit
Cooling tower
(On the rooftop)
(On the rooftop)
Reliability
3. Installation Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Space (Pipe shaft)
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
E f f ic i e n t u s e o f s p a c e i s p o s s i b l e f o r V R F s y s t e m
• Large pipe shaft is needed for water piping
CHILLER SYSTEM
VRF System
1/3 P
P
• Small pipe shaft is needed
3. Installation Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
System expansion
Commissioning
Maintenance
V R F s y s t e m e x p a n s i o n i s v e r y e as y w i t h e x t r a o u t d o o r & i n d o o r u n i t .
• Capacity addition is difficult
as additional mechanical room, pump, cooling tower, panel and piping is required.
• System Expansion is Easy
Reliability
4. Commissioning Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
NO. of commissioning point
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
T h e r e a r e a lo t o f c o m m i s s i o n i n g p o i n t s f o r t h e c h i l l er s y s t e m
• 6 Steps Commissioning
• 1 Step Commissioning
(4)
6 s t ep s C o m m i s s i o n i n g
Water cooled chiller (3)
1 s t ep C o m m i s s i o n i n g
5. Maintenance Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Maintenance list
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
M a in t e n a n c e c o s t s f o r a M u l t i V i s l o w e r t h a n c h i l l e d w a t e r s y s t e m s .
• Filter cleaning • Duct cleaning • Water pipe – maintenance • Periodical oil change, overhaul
(4)
Water cooled chiller (3)
• Pump
• Filter cleaning
• Water treatment
• Heat exchanger cleaning
• Cooling tower cleaning
• Cycle check by notebook (LG MV)
5. Maintenance Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Water treatment
Commissioning
Maintenance
(For Ch iller Water treatment is required for c lean water)
•
(deficient service can cause legionary disease in the system)
•
Reliability
5. Maintenance Comparison Design
Operation
Scale cleaning
Installation
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
( Fo r C h i l l e r ) Ma i n t en a n c e & c l e an i n g p e r i o d i c a l l y b y e x c l u s i v e c o m p a n y
• Need to clean the water pipes
System efficiency drop & origin of germs E n e r g y L o s s
• No water pipes : No scale (use refrigerant)
Unit : %
Unit : mm
thickness of scale
After 2~3year
After 5~6year
After 7~8year
10%
25~30%
35~40%
< The system is consist of refrigerant pipes >
5. Maintenance Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Maintenance Staff
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
(For Ch iller) Certified maintenan ce staff is needed
• The system requires certified maintenance
staff not only for chillers but also pumps, boilers, cooling towers etc. • More expensive maintenance cost.
< Maintenance Staff>
• No need special maintenance staff. • Economic and easy maintenance
6. Reliability Comparison Design
Operation
Installation
Pipe Erosion
Commissioning
Maintenance
Reliability
(For Ch iller) Certified maintenan ce staff is needed
• Pipe erosion can cause leakage. • System capacity reduction. • Brines use increase corrosion, anti corrosion
• Refrigerant does not cause corrosion therefore
no pipe damage occurred
additives needed
< Water pipe leakage >
7. Economic analysis Initial Cost
Equipments
MULTI V vs Chiller
Running Cost
Maintenance Cost
Total cost
& Installation cost
• Type of Building: Shopping Mall • Total area 9,000 m2 : 6 storey Building :1,500 m2/floor • Actual cooling area : 1,500 m2 * 80 % * 6 Floor = 7,200 m2 • Cooling Load (Tr) / m2 : 700 Tr *12000 Btu/Hr = 1,166 Btu/m2
• April 2008 •Cooling Only • Air Duct Included
• Equipment : Water cooled chiller /Multi V unit
- Water Cooled Chiller :Trane Water cooled chiller 350 Tr x 2 set =700 Tr + 300 Back up Pump’s =400 Tr x 2 set AHU = 8000 CFM x 36 set Cooling Tower =1200 Gpm x 3 +3 Back up - VRF System :LG Multi V Plus II 48 Hp x 19 set=912 Hp 726 Tr
Category
Water Cooled C hiller
• Air conditioning time : Operation
- 13 hour a day (09:00 ~ 22:00) - 30 days a month - average load by month
VRV
Product
Initial Cost (USD)
Chiller Price
355,484
AHU / Cooling T ower / Pump, Pr ice
148,065
Installation
383,871
Multi V
874,498
Installation
235,161
Initial Cost (USD)Total
877,097
1,109,660
7. Economic analysis Initial Cost
Electrical
MULTI V vs Chiller
Running Cost
Maintenance Cost
Total cost
cost
Multi V running cost is 65 % compare to chiller
Category
Product
Running Cost (USD)Tota l
Chiller Price Water Cooled C hiller
AHU / Coolin g Tower / Pu mp, Price
$400k
Chiller Chiller Multi V
$300k
Multi V $200k
308,697
Running cost Savings up to 15th yr : 35%
$100k
$0k
Multi V
Price
200,158
a r y e
d 2 n
h t 4
h t 6
h t 8
h t 1 0
h t 1 2
•Based on KW data chiller/Multi V •Based on, Thailand electrical standard • ARI-Air conditioning & Refrigeration Institute
h t 1 4
7. Economic analysis Initial Cost
Maintenance
MULTI V vs Chiller
Running Cost
Maintenance Cost
Total cost
cost
Multi V maintenance cost is 24 % compare to chiller Category
Price
Maintenance Cost (USD)Total
Chiller Price Water Cooled C hiller
AHU / Cooling Tower / Pump, Price
Chiller
$400k Chiller Multi V
$300k
Multi V
$200k
32,177
Maintenance Cost savings Up to 15th yr : 66%
$100k
$0k
Multi V
Price
11,468
a r y e
d 2 n
h t 4
h t 6
h t 8
h t 1 0
h t 1 2
•Maintenance breakdown •Chiller system -31 USD / Rt / yr.- 6 times/yr •Multi V- 48 USD / Indoor / yr.- 6 times/yr
- 145 USD / Outdoor / yr.- 6 times/yr
h t 1 4
7. Economic analysis Initial Cost
Running Cost
Category
Maintenance Cost
Chiller system
VRF system
Initial cost (USD)
877,097
927,057
Running cost (USD)
308,698
200,158
32,177
11,468
Total cost (USD)
1,217,972
1,138,683
BEP
-
1.7 years
Economic Maintenace cost Analysis (USD)
Total cost
Remarks
Shopping mall 6F, 9,000㎡
8. LCC LCC (Life Cycle Cost for 15 years) : Chiller 5.99 M$ > Multi V 4.27 M$ (71%) BEP (Break Even Point) : 1.7 Years
BEP
LCC (15 years)
+70K$ $7000k $6000k
Chiller
Cost savings : 29% +40K$
Multi V $5000k $4000k
BEP : 1.7 Years
$3000k
+10K$
$2000k $1000k $0k h h h h h r t d d h r t t t t t t a s n 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 e y
h t 0 1
h t 1 1
h t 2 1
h t 3 1
h t 4 1
BEP : 1.7 Years
h t 5 1
- 20K$
1st year
2nd year
3rd year
4th year
8. LCC
Initial Cost (1st year)
LCC (15 years)
( K US$ )
1,228
5,992 7%
Electrical Fee
308
1,321 200
35% Electrical Fee 77%
11 Maintenance
Product & Installation
4,274
73%
32
1,109 877
Maintenance Product & Installation
Chiller
Multi V
8% 15%
Chiller
4% 23%
Multi V
App. Cost estimation Type of building : Shopping mall
Product
Installation
Product
Chiller (screw type) back up chiller (screw type) Cooling tower (open type) back up cooling tower (open type) Pump (Condenser) + 1 back up Pump (Evaporator) + 1 back up AHU
350 RT 300 RT 400 RT 400 RT 1200 GPM 840 GPM 8,000 CFM
3,960,000 3,100,000 500,000 500,000 100,000 90,000 70,000
2 1 2 1 3 3 36
Pipe & Insulation Valve & Acc. Power & Control Duct working
Outdoor unit Indoor unit ceiling duct Wired remote controller Centrol controller (ACP) Centrol control software (AC Manager) Y branch ODU joint
48 Hp 10 Hp
7,920,000 3,100,000 1,000,000 500,000 300,000 270,000 2,520,000
255,484 100,000 32,258 16,129 9,677 8,710 81,290
9,000,000
33%
2,900,000
11%
290,323 93,548
957,000 91,355 2,915 81,125 141,570 1,650 3,300
19 90 90 1 1 57 38
18,183,000 8,221,950 262,350 81,125 141,570 94,050 125,400
586,548 265,224 8,463 2,617 4,567 3,034 4,045
45,000
90
4,050,000
130,645
36,000
90
3,240,000
104,516
Outdoor unit Installation
Indoor unit ceiling duct piping & electrical work duct work
I lot
App. Actual running cost
Chiller-350 Tr
271
2
542
Power consumption under partial load
Cooling tower-1260 GPM
14.9
2
29.84
Load
Pump-50 Hp
55.2
6
331.2
Chillier
542
179
84
47
AHU-10 tr
2.35
48
112.8
Others
474
474 474
474
1016
653 558
521
1015.84 Outdoor Unit Indoor Unit
48 HP-R410a
42
19
798
10 HP CCD
0.8
90
72
Load
100%
100% 870
operating time / day (hours)
13
operating day / month
30
kW
1%
100%
542
100%
75% cooling load
42%
75%
179.2
33%
50% cooling load
45%
50%
83.9
15%
25% cooling load
12%
25%
47.2
9%
kWh / day
Operation hours
kWh / month
50%
609 287
25%
25% 165
portion
100% cooling load
Operation hours
75%
50%
Power consumption
Load
100%
75%
kWh / day
THB / month
USD
VRF Chiller
517,076 797,469
16,680 25,725
Gap
280,393
9,045
kWh / month
0.1
113.1
3,393.0
0.1
132.06
3,961.78
5.5
3,325.1
99,754.2
5.5
3,565.60
106,967.95
VRF
5.9
1,679.5
50,386.1
5.9
3,262.78
97,883.37
Chiller
1.6
257.9
7,736.0
1.6
812.82
24,384.67
13.0
7,773.3
233,197.8
operating cost 1 year
200,158 308,698
App. Maintenance cost
Chiller (Screw type)
350 RT
105,000
Baht/unit
2
210,000
Cooling tower
400 RT
60,000
Baht/unit
2
120,000
Pump
1200 GPM
15,600
Baht/unit
6
93,600
AHU
15 RT
2,000
Baht/unit
70
140,000
Control engineer
2 persons
20,000
Baht/unit
12
240,000
Indoor unit
840 Hp
3,000
Baht/unit
90
270,000
19
85,500
Outdoor unit
Chiller VRF
950 THB / RT, year 1500 THB / indoor unit, year 4500 THB / ODU module, ye Total
4,500
997,500 270,000 85,500 355,500
Remarks 32,177 6 times / year 6 times / year 6 times / year 11,468
App. Energy efficiency (IPLV) ARI Released The New Standard in 2003 Portion by cooling load (%) kW / kW (ARI Part load weighting factors)
IPLV OR = APLV
1 0.01 + 0.42 + 0.45 + 0.12 A B C D
ARI550/590-2003
WEIGHTED (%) Cooling Load
1%
42%
45%
12%
100%
75%
50%
25%
