Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance Addendum to The Chicken Operation Manual for Multi Stage
Jamesway Incubator Company Inc. 30 High Ridge Court Cambridge, Ont., Canada N1R 7L3 tel: (519) 624-4646 fax: (519) 624-5803 email for customer service:
[email protected]
This Thi s book and its contents are the property of the J amesway I ncubator Comp C ompany Inc. Reproduction in i n whole or in i n part, by any means, without permission issi on of J amesway Incubator Company Inc. I nc. is i s prohibited. prohibi ted. ©2001 © 2001 Jamesway Incubator Company Inc. I nc.
MANOPSCADD Revision A
Table of Contents
.................................. ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................5 .........5 Chapter 1 - Optimizing Incubator Performance ...................... Introduction ....................... ................................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................5 .......5 Why Monitor Incubator Conditions? ...................... ................................. ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ..................5 .......5 Hatchery Maintenance ...................... .................................. ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ..............5 ....5 Your Hatchery Maintenance Program........... Program ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ...............5 ....5
Chapter 2 - Monitoring Incubator Conditions to Determine Machine Performance ...................7 Monitoring Schedule for Incubators and Hatchers ..................... ................................. ....................... ...................... ...................... ....................7 .........7 Entrance End Temperature ...................... ................................. ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................9 .........9 Procedure to Measure Entrance End Temperature ..................... ................................ ...................... ....................... ....................... ............. 10 Exit End Temperature Temperature ...................... .................................. ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ............... ....11 11 Procedure ........................ .................................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ .................. ................. ............... ....11 11 Internal Incubator Pressure ....................... .................................. ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ................ ....12 12 Procedure ........................ .................................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ .................. ................. ............... ....12 12 Damper Performance Performance ...................... .................................. ....................... ....................... ........................ ....................... ....................... ........................ ..................... ............. ....13 13 Incubator Damper Position Position at Set ...................... .................................. ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ............... ...13 13 Incubator Damper Position at Transfer ..................... ................................ ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... .....................13 ..........13 E/M Incubators ....................... .................................. ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................... .....................13 .........13 Time of Transfer Transfer........... ...................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ........................ ......................... .............. 15 Monitor the Hatch ...................... ................................. ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ........................ ......................16 .........16 .................................. ........................17 ............17 Chapter 3 - Controlling Other Variables to Improve Performance ...................... Grouping of Eggs – Flock Age and Egg Size ........................ .................................... ........................ ........................ ........................ .....................17 .........17 Problems Caused by by Grouping Eggs Incorrectly Incorrectly ...................... .................................. ....................... ...................... ....................... ...................17 .......17 Optimum Grouping of Eggs ....................... ................................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ............... ....17 17 Pre-incubation and Pre-warming Pre-warming of Eggs ...................... ................................. ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ..................17 .......17 Partial and Skipped Skipped Set ...................... .................................. ....................... ....................... ........................ ....................... ....................... ...................... .....................18 ...........18 Skipped Set ....................... .................................. ....................... ........................ ....................... ....................... ........................ ....................... ..................... ..................... ............... ....18 18 Partial Set ....................... ................................... ....................... ....................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ .................... ................... .................18 ......18 .................................. ....................... ....................... .......................19 ............19 Chapter 4 - General Rules for Adjusting Set Times ....................... ................................... ....................... ....................... ........................ .......................21 ...........21 Chapter 5 - Analysing Overall Performance ....................... Variation of Air Cell Size ...................... ................................. ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ......................... ......................21 .........21 Hatcher Residue Breakout ...................... .................................. ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ..................21 .......21 Fresh Fresh Egg Breakout ....................... ................................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ............... ....21 21 Troubleshooting Performance ....................... .................................. ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ............. ..21 21 1. Uneven Uneven Temperature, Side to Side ..................... ................................ ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ....................... .............. ..21 21 2. Uneven Uneven Temperature, Top to Bottom ...................... .................................. ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... .................. ....... 21 3. Dampers Not in Range ...................... ................................. ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ..................22 ......22 4. High Early Embryo Mortality ...................... ................................. ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... .....................22 .........22 5. High Late Embryo Mortality ...................... .................................. ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... .....................22 ..........22 6. Static Pressure Out of Range ....................... ................................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ................ .....22 22 .................................. ........................ .............. 23 Chapter 6 - Specifications: Jamesway Incubators and Hatchers ...................... Systems using PT-100 Controls ........................ ................................... ....................... ........................ ....................... ....................... ........................ ...................23 .......23 Systems with Electro-Mechanical Electro-Mechanical Controls ........................ ................................... ....................... ........................ ....................... ....................... ..............24 ..24
Chapter 7 - Hatchery Maintenance ................................................................................................25 Fan Blade Spacing and Motor RPM. ..............................................................................................27 Procedure for Checking RPM .....................................................................................................27 Spray Nozzles and Humidity Water Quality ...................................................................................28 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................28 Spray Nozzle Condition ...............................................................................................................28 Space Saver Intake Duct ...............................................................................................................29
4 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Chapter 1 - Optimizing Incubator Performance Introduction The Jamesway multi-stage incubator is an efficient material handling and incubation system, producing strong, healthy, active chicks. The basic operational principles and procedures outlined in this addendum provide the necessary information to ensure its optimum performance. By following these routine and preventative guidelines, you will consistently produce quality chicks, economically, year round. Both monitoring and maintenance programs are required to optimize machine performance. Maximum benefit will not be gained if oneis implementedwithout the other.
Hatchery Maint enance The J amesway PT-100 controlled machines are designed to be low maintenance, but do require proper upkeep for optimum performance and eff iciency. Maintain the machines in the manner outlined in this addendum, and see also:
The Chicken Operations Manual
•
The PT-100 Control System Manuals or the manual relevant to your control system.
Your Hatchery Maintenance Program Your hatchery, regardless of age, size or location, is only asgood asits routineandpreventative maintenance programs. Do not underestimate their importance. Adapt a program tailored to your specific needs from the manuals mentioned above. Refer to Table 8, page25 for details on recommended maintenanceperiods and procedures.
Note: This addendum is to be used in con junction with the Jamesway Chicken Operations Manual. Contact your Jamesway representative if you require a copy. For a review of the Jamesway Multi Stage System refer to page 1 and 2 of the Chicken Operations Manual.
Why Monitor Incubator Conditions? Users who get the most out of their equipment routinely monitor their machines and continually evaluatehatchingperformance.They understandthatitpays to devote time and effort to a monitoring programthat complements a sound maintenance schedule. Our customers attest to the value of the program recommendedinthefollowingpages. Resultshaveproven that a routine monitoring program is a valuable investment. J amesway recognizes that not all hatcheries are the same and the schedule in this addendum may not meet all your requirements. However, the recommendationsaregenerallyapplicabletomostsystems and may be used as the foundation on which to build your monitoring program.
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 5
6 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Chapter 2 - Monitorin g Incubator Conditions to Determine Machine Performance Table 1 - Monitoring Schedule for Incubators and Hatchers
Check all of the items below as scheduled. • Assess each item. Unsatisfactory assessments include: values or performance not within tolerance, imbalances, or any variance from the norm. • Investigate any discrepancy. • Resolve the problem to avoid loss. Items to be Checked Entrance End Temperature Air Temperature
Time
Reference See page 9
24 hours post-transfer
Super J -100.3°F (37.9°C)
24 hours post-transfer
Big J - 100.5°F (38.1°C)
24 hours post-transfer See page 11
Exit End Temperature Internal Egg
2 – 4 hours pre-transfer
Super J- 98.8°F (37.1°C)
2 – 4 hours pre-transfer
Big J - 99.0°F (37.2°C)
2 – 4 hours pre-transfer
SST Flat - 98.6°F (37.0°C)
2 – 4 hours pre-transfer See page 12
Internal Differential Pressure 5th / 6 th Position (Six Racks per side)
every 3 months
Super J - 0.50” to 0.55” w.g. (124 Pa - 137 Pa)
(6 th position level)
Big J - 0.40” to 0.45” w.g. (100 Pa - 112 Pa)
(All positions turned)
SST Flat - 0.60” to 0.62” w.g. (149 Pa - 154 Pa)
(Super J only, 5 th & 6th position level) See page 13
Damper Performance – PT-100 Controls Sequence for Ideal Conditions 0.5 in. (1.27 cm) – closed position
Eggs set
Damper starts opening
1.0 - 1.5 hours after set
Range - 1.25 to 1.75 in. (3.18 to 4.45 cm)
4 - 6 hours after set
Damper - 0.75 – 1.0 in. (1.91 to 2.54 cm)
After transfer
Range - 1.25 to 1.75 in. (3.18 to 4.45 cm)
0.5 hours after transfer
Range - 1.25 to 1.75 in. (3.18 to 4.45 cm)
for next 3 - 4 days (continued)
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 7
Table 1 - Monitoring Schedule (continued) Items to be Checked Damper Performance - E/M Controls
Time
Reference See page 13
Sequence for Ideal Conditions 0.5 in. (1.27 cm) - closed position
Eggs set
Damper starts opening
1.0 - 1.5 hours after set
Range - 1.0 to 1.5 in. (2.54 to 3.81 cm)
4 - 6 hours after set
Damper - 0.75 in. (1.91 cm)
After transfer
Range - 1.0 to 1.5 in. (2.54 to 3.81 cm)
0.5 hours after transfer
Range - 1.0 to 1.5 in. (2.54 to 3.81 cm)
for next 3 - 4 days See page 15
Time of Transfer 1. Same Day as Hatch e.g.
Normally early in week
Monday (Set Thursday)
444 hours of incubation 12 hours 6 th position
Tuesday (Set Friday)
444 hours of incubation 12 hours 6 th position
e.g., Set 6:00 a.m.
Transfer 6 p.m.
2. Day after Hatch e.g.
Normally late in week
Friday (Set Monday)
432 hours of incubation 24 hours 6 th position
Saturday (Set Tuesday)
432 hours of incubation 24 hours 6 th position
e.g., Set 6:00 a.m.
Transfer 6:00 a.m. See page 16
Monitor Hatch Chicks Hatched
12 hours prior to pull
50 - 60% out of shell
12 hours prior to pull
10% still wet / just hatched
12 hours prior to pull See page 17
Flock Grouping in Incubator Young flock - 20%
Age 26 - 33 weeks
Prime flock - 60%
Age 34 - 52 weeks
Old flock - 20%
Age 53 + weeks
8 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Entrance End Temperature
Position 2
Position 1
Illustration 1: Entrance End Temperature Monitoring Locations. Use Electro-therm, HA1071.
A useful method to determine machine performance is to monitor the entrance end temperatures twentyfour (24) hours after transfer. Note: The
monitoring time, 24 hours after transfer, is specific. The internal conditions of the incubator are now stable. The eggs used for this measurment must be in an endothermic state, i.e. requiring heat. There- fore, entrance end eggs are used as they always require heat.
Side to side temperatures not in agreement indicate an unsuitable environmental condition. Contributing factors such as: •
Incorrect air distribution
•
Air leakage
•
Incorrect humidification
•
Egg size imbalance
•
Other miscellaneous problems
require immediate attention. The entrance end temperature twenty four (24) hours after transfer in theSuper J and Big J incubators should be 100.3°F (37.94°C) and 100.5°F (38.06°C), respectively. Entrance end temperatures which vary more than oneor two tenths of a degree from thenorm indicate a problem and need correcting. Improper temperatures contribute to an accelerated, slow or uneven hatch. Entrance End Temperature Twenty-Four (24) Hours After Transfer Super J
100.3°F
37.94°C
Big J
100.5°F
38.06°C
Unsatisfactory performance may also result if side to side temperatures are in agreement but too high or too low, i.e., the incubator is overheating or too cool.
Note: Once any adjustments have been made and satisfactory machine conditions have been achieved, it may be necessary to adjust set times. Refer to “General Rules for Adjusting Set Times” on page 19.
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 9
Procedure to Measure Entrance End Temperature
•
•
Clamp theprobe of theElectro-therm (HA1071), onthe“eggside”of thebraces, at the cross brace of the incubator rack beneath the fans. Centre the tip of the probe at the junction of horizontal brace and the cross braces (I llustration 2). For the first reading, allow 10 to 15 minutes for the probe of the Electro-therm to stabilize. (For subsequent readings, the Electro-therm will stabilze in 3 to 5 minutes.)
•
Read the temperature.
•
Record the temperature.
•
Repeat the procedure on the other side of the incubator.
Tip of probe should be at the junction of the horizontal and diagonal braces, with the probe "egg side" of the braces.
Clip
Electro-therm Egg
Horizontal Brace Diagonal Brace
Egg Flat Tray Frame
Side view showing placement of the Electro-therm, HA1071.
Note: Use a properly calibrated Electrotherm. The entrance end temperature must be taken in the incubator twenty-four (24) hours after each transfer.
Position 2
Illustration 2: Placement of Electro-therm Probe
10 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Position 1
Exit End Temperature
Electro- therm inserted into an infertile egg in the middle position.
Illustration 3: Location of Infertile Eggs and Placement of Electro-therm Probe
Monitoring temperatures at the exit end (eggs in exothermic stage, i.e. giving off heat) requiresa slightly different technique from that used at the entrance end of the machine. Although measurements taken at the opposite end indicate the temperature of the air exiting the egg mass, readings taken in the 5th or 6th position are the internal temperature of infertile eggs. The internal temperatureof an infertile egg should be very close to set point, i.e., 98.8°F (37.11°C) for the Super J incubator, 99.0°F (37.22°C) for the Big J incubator. Internal Temperature of Infertile Eggs Super J very close to 98.8°F 37.11°C Big J
very close to 99.0°F
Super J & SST very close to 98.6°F
37.22°C 37.0°C
Take and record internal egg temperatures 2 - 4 hours before removing the eggs for transfer. For approximately twelve to eighteen hours following transfer, the internal temperatureof aninfertileeggin thefifth (5th) position will normally be two or three tenths of a degreeFahrenheit (0.1°C to 0.17°C) lower than set point.
Large discrepancies in top to bottom and/or side to side temperatures can lead to problems. Some of the common factors contributing to this unevenness in overall temperature are: •
Improper humidification
•
Incorrect airflow and/or poor environmental conditions.
Procedure
•
Use a properly calibrated Electro-therm with a nonconductive sheath (HA1071).
•
Probethe insideof designated infertile eggs at the top, middleandbottom tray levels of each incubator rack, both left and right (Illustration 3).
A variation of one or two tenths of a degree Fahrenheit (0.06°C to 0.17°C) is not uncommon, with the middle giving thehighest reading and thetop and bottom at set point. Note: Once any adjustments have been made and satisfactory machine conditions have been achieved, it may be necessary to adjust set times. Refer to “General Rules for Adjusting Set Times” on page 19.
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 11
Internal Incubator Pressure
High pressure hose attaches here.
X INCHES OF WATER
0 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 l l l l lllllllll l l l l l l l l .3 l l l l l l .4 l l l l l l l l .4 l l l .5 l l .5 l l l l l l l l l l
Low pressure hose attaches here.
Position 1
l
MAGNEHELIC
X
MAX. PRESSURE 15 PSIG
Position 2 CAUTION
HA1031
The Magnehelic Gauge must be held in the vertical position in order to give a correct reading.
The extension hose from the high pressure port should be located between the 5th and 6th positions.
Illustration 4: Measuring Internal Defferntial Pressure
Measure incubator internal differential pressure every third or fourth month to monitor the condition of the rubber gaskets, curtain seal and incubator air distribution. Investigate any inconsistencies.
•
Move the end of the tube to a similar location on the left side.
•
Record the left side pressure.
•
Compare both pressure readings
Procedure
Thepressureshould bemeasured with amagnehelic gauge and extension tube attached to the high pressure port.
Note: The magnehelic gauge must be held in the vertical position when read. Hold the gauge against the wall to ensure this position.
•
Locate the gauge in the entrance end of the incubator. (Illustration 4.)
•
Run thetube through therubber gasket surround- The internal machine pressure in a Super J incubator ing thewheels, under the racks, and locate theend with 6th position level should be between 0.50 - 0.55 betweenthefifth (5th) and sixth (6th) rack position inches of water (124 Pa -137 Pa). The internal machine pressure in a Big J incubator should bebetween on the right side of the incubator. 0.40 and 0.45 inches of water (100 Pa - 112 Pa). Record the right side pressure.
•
12 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Internal Machine Pressure Super J (6th position level) 0.50 - 0.55 inches of water 124 Pa - 137 Pa Big J (all racks turned) 0.40 - 0.45 inches of water 100 Pa - 112 Pa Super J & SST (5th and 6th position level) 0.60 - 0.62 inches of water 149 Pa - 154 Pa
Pressure imbalances can indicate:
Damper Perform ance The optimum incubator room temperature for the Jamesway multi-stageincubator is 80°F (26.67°C) and the optimum relative humidity is 55%. A slight positive room pressure of 0.005 to 0.015 inches of water (1.2 Pa - 3.7 Pa), compared to external ambient conditions, is recommended. J amesway has found these conditions to beideal, and under normal circumstances the incubator intake and exhaust damper should open to the optimum setting, 1.50 in. (3.81 cm) with an operating range of 1.25 to 1.75 in. (3.18 to 4.45 cm) for PT100 Controls and 1.25 in. (3.18 cm) with an operating range of 1.0 to 1.50 in. (2.54 to 3.81 cm) for E/M Controls.
•
Poor ventilation
•
Impaired air flow
•
Negative roomor intake plenumpressure
•
Damaged fan blades
•
Wrong fan blades
•
Improperly adjusted fan blades
•
Door(s) sealing improperly
Incubator Damper Positi on at Set
•
Motors running backwards
•
Gaskets at fan end in unsatisfactory condition
•
Curtains overlapping incorrectly.
Immediately after the eggs are set, the dampers close to their minimumopening of 0.5 in.(1.27 cm). This is the intake and exhaust “closed position.” The “closed position” is maintained as long as the incubator temperature does not exceed its set point. Once the temperature exceeds set point, approximately 1.0 – 1.5 hours after eggs have been loaded, the damper will start to open, and continue to do so gradually, until reaching the optimum operating range, usually within 4 to 6 hours.
Note: If
the SST egg flat is used in the Su- per J incubator, static pressure readings will be higher – between 0.60 and 0.62 inches (149 Pa - 154 Pa) of water. Both the 5 th and 6 th position racks must be levelled. In the Big J incubator all racks must be connected to the turning system at all times. No levelling of racks is required.
Note: Once
any adjustments have been made and satisfactory machine conditions have been achieved, it may be necessary to adjust set times. Refer to “ General Rules for Adjusting Set Times ” on page 19.
Exhaust Damper Opening Optimum PT100 Controls 1.50 in. E/M Controls
Range 1.25 - 1.75 in.
3.81 cm
3.18 to 4.45 cm
1.25 in.
1.0 - 1.50 in.
3.18 cm
2.54 to 3.81 cm
Incubator Damper Posit ion at Transfer
Twelve to twenty-four hours after the eggs have been set, eggs located in the 6th position will be transferred into the hatcher. Following transfer, i.e., 6 th position racks removed, the damper will close to somewhere between 0.75 and 1.0 in. (1.91 and 2.54 cm) for PT100 Controls and 0.75 in. (1.19 cm) for E/M Controls for approximately 30 minutesbefore returning to thenormal operating range. The dampers will proceed to function within the standard operating range for the next three or four days, until the next eggs are set.
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 13
E/M Incubator s
Damper performance may be adversely affected by thermostat and humidistat calibration or old thermostats, as well as poor clip condition, causing the heat rods and spray to cycle incorrectly. See table below for proper sequence. The Electro-Mechanical machines must cycle properly. The correct cycling sequence is: main heat on, then auxiliary heat on; auxiliary heat off, then main heat off. Heatandsprayshouldnotbeonatthesametime. Spray is utilizedin the Jamesway machine primarily for cooling, and if it is on with heat, it means the machine is trying to heat and cool at thesame time. If spray is on when heat comes on, it should go off almost immediately. Check thermostats. All thermostats, humidistats and clips must be kept clean if the machine is to perform properly. A proper wick is also needed for proper cycling. Any thermostat or humidistat 5 - 7 years old probably needs replacing due to improper calibration,
Activity 1. Heating – temperature less than set point
which causes the machine not to cycle or to cycle too slowly. Even new thermostats must be matched to achieveproper cycling. Using wrong, dirty or improperly calibrated thermostats and/or humidistats will result in altered set points, which in turn will cause the machines not to cycle properly. Improper cycling will cause the machine to overheat or over cool, The resulting wide swings in temperature and /or humidity will cause problems with hatch, chick quality and performance. Use only properly calibrated and cleanedthermostats or humidistats in clean clips, with properly positioned and functioning spray nozzles, and operate the machine in correct environmental conditions.
Note: In EM controlled machines, you should see a one Fahrenheit degree (0.6 °C) swing in temperature and no more than a four tenth Fahrenheit (0.2°C) swing in the wet bulb reading. With the correct set point of 98.8 °F (37.11°C) and 86°F (30°C) the expected swing would be 98.3°F to 99.3°F (36.83°C to 37.39°C) dry bulb and 85.8°F to 86.2°F (29.89°C to 30.11°C) wet bulb.
Heat Function Aux. Heat – off
Spray Function Spray – off
Main Heat – on
(Wet bulb above set point)
Damper – closing 2. Cooling – temperature greater than set point
Aux. Heat – off
Spray – on
Main Heat – off
(Wet bulb below set point)
Damper – opening 3. Heating – temperature less than set point
Aux. Heat – off
Spray – may be on or off
Main Heat – on Damper – closing 4. Repeat cycle starting with 1) above.
Aux. Heat – on
Spray – off
Main Heat – on
(Wet bulb above set point)
Damper – closing 5. Heating – temperature less than set point
Aux. Heat – off,
Spray – off
Main Heat – on
(Wet bulb above set point)
Damper – closing
14 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Time of Transfer J amesway recommends the transfer of eggs from the incubator into the hatcher be done at 444 hours of incubation for Monday and Tuesday transfers and at 432 hours of incubation for Friday and Saturday transfers, i.e., Monday & Tuesday transfer – 444 hours, eggs in incubator 6th position for 12 hours, Thursday & Friday transfer – 432 hours, eggs in incubator 6 th position 24 hours. Recommended Time of Transfer Monday & Tuesday 444 hours of incubation Friday & Saturday
432 hours of incubation
SUN
MON
Most of the heat produced in the J amesway incubator is from embryonic development in eggs located in the fifth (5th) and sixth (6th) rack position. If eggs are transferred too early, i.e., the sixth (6th) position removed, the machine has to compensate for the heat lost, causing the heat rod to come on and the damper to close more than normal. If the eggs are transferred after eighteen and a half days, i.e., the sixth (6th) position racks are left in the machine longer than 444 hours, overheating will occur. The embryos in all positions will be affected and problems, including an increase in early dead, an uneven draggy hatch and poor chick quality, may be observed.
TUE
WED
THU
FRI
WEEK 0
1
2
WEEK 1
3
4
WEEK 2
5
6
WEEK 3
7
1
2
8
2
3
WEEK 4
9
3
4
10
4
5
WEEK 5
11
5
6
12
6
7
WEEK 6
13
7
8
14
8
9
WEEK 7
15
9
10
16
10
11
WEEK 8
17
11
12
18
12
13
WEEK 9
19
13
14
20
14
15
SAT
1
Legend Eggs to incubator Transfer to hatcher Pull chicks from hatcher Set One Set Two Illustration 5: Schedule for Incubation, Transfer and Hatching of Eggs
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 15
Monitor t he Hatch Twelve hours prior to pull time, check on the progress of the hatch: •
Sample count three trays – top, middle and bottom – on each side of the hatcher. Ideally 50% to 60% of the chicks should be out of the shell and 10% of them still wet, or recently hatched. (See also “Hatching the Egg”, Chicken Operations Manual, page 44.)
If your observations differ from those above, check: •
Hatcher temperature
•
Humidity
•
Calibration
•
Equipment specifications
•
Ventilation
Dehydration is likely if more than 60% of birds are out twelve hours before pull. An uneven draggy hatch is possible if less than 50% of the chicks have hatched twelve hours prior to pull time. Set time adjustments may be necessary once all other operational criteria have been checked and proved correct. (SeeTable 2, “M onitoring Schedule for Incubators and Hatchers” and the “Specifications” section of your Chicken Operations Manual, pages 50 through 54, for details.)
16 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Chapter 3 - Cont rol li ng Other Vari ables to Improv e Performance Groupin g of Eggs – Flock Age and Egg Size The supply of eggs to the hatchery, which should be reasonably constant throughout the year, originates from a mix of young, prime and old flocks. The ratio of young, prime and old flocks required to maintain this constant supply is about 20:60:20, giving a mean flock ageof between 41 and 44 weeks. To achieve optimum results from your equipment, the mean ageof the flocks producing theeggs in the incubator should be 41 to 44 weeks and the ratio of eggs in theincubator from young, prime and old flocks should also be as close as possible to 20:60:20. The incubator set point for your machines is the best temperature at which to incubate theaverage fertile egg basedon flock age. Avoid grouping eggs according to size andageof flock, a practice not recommended by J amesway. Recommended Grouping of Eggs Mean Age 41 - 44 weeks Ratio of Young/Prime/Old
Optimum Grouping of Eggs
Following the recommendations given above will ensure that airflow, temperature gradients through the egg mass, pressure differentials across ends (entrance and exit) and side to side balance will be consistent from one machine to the next. It is easier and simpler to operate and maintain all machines in a similar manner than it is to frequently adjust parameters for individual incubators. In general, any deviation from recommended parameters will result in the need to adjust incubator temperature set points and other operational procedures, with theeverpresent likelihood for errors and decline in performance. Note: Since it may not always be possible to attain the flock age ratio or recommended egg settings, some temperature adjustments and operational changes may be required. Should this be the case, please contact Jamesway for further information and assistance on optimizing your equipment. Note: Refer to “General Rules for Adjusting Set Times” on page 19.
20/60/20
Pre-incu bation and Pre-warmin g of Eggs Problems Caused by Grouping Eggs Incorrectly
Continually setting complete groups of small, medium or large eggs, or eggs from young, prime or old flocks, is likely to produce inconsistent results. For example, an incubator which is usually set with small eggs will likely have increased airflow and a lower pressure differential. The reverse is true if large eggs are always set in amachine. Under thesecircumstances it may be necessary to adjust dry and wet bulb temperatures to compensate for a lower or higher embryonic heat production. Other problems may also arise. Air, like water, takes the path of least resistance, and if one side of the setter is loaded with small eggs and the other with large, more air will flow through the side holding the smaller eggs. This will result in a side to side airflow, temperature and pressure imbalance, andis likely to cause a reduction in hatch and chick quality from both large and small eggs.
Since most hatcheries do not provide proper facilities in which to pre-warm eggs before placing them in the incubators, J amesway does not recommend prewarming of eggs prior to set. Set eggs directly from the egg storage area. Placing eggs in thecorridor in front of incubators several hours before setting does not allow all eggs to warm up equally. Eggs in the centre of the incubator racks will take longer to reach room temperature than eggs near the outside. Incorrect pre-warming of eggs can have a harmful effect on results, the most common being an uneven hatch. Condensation on theeggshell surface may also occur if the roominto which the eggs are being placed is improperly conditioned. Proper pre-warming of eggs requires somemethod of forcing air through the egg mass in order for all eggs to warm at equal rates. Since most hatcheries do not provide such facilities, J amesway recommends direct Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 17
removal of the eggs from the cool room to the incubator, where adequateair movement is available. If condensation on the eggshells does occur, the presence of moisture on the shell surface is brief and less likely to have a detrimental impact on embryonic growth. Pre-incubation in the fresh eggs can amplify any observed problemwith uneven or accelerated hatch. The breeder department needs to be involved in helping to eliminate this serious concern. Some areas to check when determining causes of pre-incubation include: •
Number of time eggs are gathered from nest
•
Time between gathering and placement in cooler
•
Temperature and humidity of cooler
•
Egg grading location.
To prevent pre-incubation and sweating of eggs, transport eggs only in a controlled environment egg truck, and handle and store eggs properly at the hatchery. Pre-incubation should be eliminated at the source to achieve desired results.
Note: Mottled and weak germal discs in the fresh eggs, which can also be noted in the fresh egg breakout, indicate some breeder flock stress.
Parti al and Skipped Set J amesway’s multi-stage incubators rely on embryo heat to establish an optimum energy balance inside the machine. Any disruption of this balance results in lost heat and a need for compensation. In general, a partial setting or skipping a set altogether is not recommended, although occasionally it may be unavoidable. Skipped Set
If it is necessary to skip a set, the empty incubator racks should be placed into the incubator in position one, beneath the fans, in the usual manner, i.e., the empty rack is treated as if it were full and loaded into the incubator accordingly. To help compensate for the loss of embryonic heat, the following set should be loaded about two hours earlier than normal.
18 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Partial Set
Partial sets should be treated in a similar manner to a skipped set. Place eggs against eggs, and the empty column or spaces directly beneath thefans, when loading partially set racks. See page 17 of your Chicken Operations Manual. Depending onthenumber of eggs in the racks, load thenext eggs an hour or two earlier than normal. This will compensate for some of the embryonic heat lost whenthe partial set of eggs reaches the exothermic stage.
Note: Refer to “General Rules for Adjusting Set Times” on page 19.
Chapter 4 - General Rules f or Adjust ing Set Times Once any adjustments have been made and satisfactory machine conditions have been achieved, it may benecessary to adjust set times. In general theserules apply: 1. At machine start up or when one or more sets are skipped, set points are based on the days of incubation of the oldest eggs in the incubator. (See page 50 of the Chicken Operations Manual). 2. Whenever the oldest eggs in the incubator have less than fourteen (14) days of incubation, adjustments in the set point are needed, due to the loss of embryonic heat produced by eggs in the 5th and 6th position.
Note: Time of set adjustments is based on the setting time of the eggs that were transferred the day before and are currently in the hatcher. Using the examples given a reading is taken Saturday, 24 hours after a Friday morning transfer. Considering that the eggs in the hatcher had been loaded into the incubator on a Monday at 6 o’clock in the morning, nineteen (19) days earlier, the set times are as follows: • Temperature 100.5°F (38.06°C), set time Monday at 6:30 to 7:00 a.m. (later) • Temperature 100.7°F (38.17°C), set time Monday at 7:00 to 8:00 a.m. (later) • Temperature 100.1°F (37.78°C), set time Monday at 5:00 to 5:30 a.m. (earlier) • Temperature 100.5°F (38.06°C), set time Monday at 4:00 to 5:00 a.m. (earlier).
3. If a single set is skipped it is beneficial to set the next eggs two hours earlier than normal, to help compensate for the loss of embryonic heat.
7. Eggs held in storage 0 – 7 days, no adjustment.
4. Set eggs from young breeder flocks (26 through 33 weeks of age) two hours earlier.
8. Eggs held in storage7 – 10 days set onehour earlier.
5. Set eggs from old flocks with low fertility (53 weeks and older) two hours earlier.
9. Eggs held in storage for 10 days or longer set two hours earlier.
6. For eachonetenth (0.1°F or 0.6°C) variation from 100.3°F (37.94°C) for the Super J or 100.5°F (38.06°C) for the Big J a thirty (30) minute ad justment is needed. For example, in a Super J incubator with an entrance end temperature of 100.3°F (37.94°C): • If actual temperature is 100.5°F (38.06°C), set eggs 1/2 to 1 hour later. • If actual temperature is 100.7°F (38.17°C), set eggs 1 to 2 hours later. • If actual temperature is 100.1°F (37.78°C), set eggs 1/2 to 1 hour earlier. • If actual temperature is 99.9°F (37.72°C), set eggs 1 to 2 hours earlier.
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 19
20 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Chapter 5 - Analysing Overall Performance Variati on of Ai r Cell Size When candling the eggs in your incubators to take the internal infertile egg temperature, you may notice some variation in the size of the air cells. This indicates improper moisture loss in the eggs, which causes problems with chick quality, performance and hatchability. As conditions are corrected (as discussed and outlined throughout this report), you should see this concern eliminated.
Note: When doing an egg breakout and observing the hatch in the hatcher trays, you will also notice chicks pipped both high and low, which supports your findings during the candling that there is a variation in air cell size.
Fresh Egg Breakout A sample of fresh eggs from the egg room from flocks in production can be a source of valuable information. These eggs, when broken out, can reveal areas of concern such as fertility, pre-incubation and mottling. If you are experiencing a high early death lost of embryos, this sampling can help pinpoint some probable causes. Armed with this information, you can go to the source of the problemand take the necessary corrective action.
Troubleshooti ng Performance Several factors can affect the efficiency of incubator performance. The following suggests possible observations, causes and remedies. 1. Uneven Temperature, Side to Sid e
PossibleCauses: •
Improper setting
•
Egg size not similar
•
Flock age not similar
Hatcher Residue Br eakout
•
Age of eggs
Analysis of the hatch residueis oneof the most useful tools for monitoring hatchery efficiency, but unfortunately each hatch day this information is thrown away before it can be compiled. Although sorting through the hatch residue is a messy job and takes some time, the information obtained will help you recognize and monitor problems that affect the eff icient operation of your hatchery. A hatch residue breakout can identify breeder problems, as well as identify hatchery-related problems. The implementation of a monthly hatch residue breakout on every flock being hatched, regardless of hatchability or performance, is recommended. Compile and monitor the information to help make your operation more efficient and productive. See “Analysing Hatch Residue” on page 87 of theChicken Operations Manual for further details.
•
Poor airflow
•
Incorrect ventilation
•
Improper humidification
Possible Solutions: •
Balance both sides of incubator. Use similar age flock.
•
Check fans, gaskets, curtains
•
Check ventilation
•
Check spray nozzles
2. Uneven Temperatu re, Top to Botto m
PossibleCauses: •
Improper humidification
•
Poor airflow
•
Incorrect ventilation (continued)
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 21
Possible Solutions:
5. High Late Embryo Mort ality
•
Check spray nozzles
PossibleCauses:
•
Check fans, gaskets, curtains
•
•
Check ventilation
Damper out of range <1.25 in. (3.18cm) for PT100 Controls or <1.0 in. (2.54 cm) for E/M Controls
•
Poor external conditions
3. Dampers Not in Range
•
Incubator too cool
Optimum Range: 1.25 to 1.75 in. (3.18 to 4.45 cm) for PT100 Controls and 1.0 to 1.5 in. (2.54 to 3.81 cm) for E/M Controls
•
Excessive humidification
•
Transferring too early
PossibleCauses:
Possible Solutions:
•
Incubator too cool
•
Incubator too hot
•
Poor airflow
•
Poor external conditions
•
Improper humidification
•
See Damper Performance for details
•
Check ventilation
•
Check spray nozzles
•
Check heat rods
•
Correct transfer time
Possible Solutions:
6. Diff erential Pressure Out of Range
•
See Damper Performance for details
Ranges:
•
Check fans, gaskets, curtains
Super J, 0.50 - 0.55” W.G. (124 Pa - 137 Pa)
•
Check ventilation
Big J, 0.40 - 0.45” W.G. (100 Pa - 112 Pa)
•
Check spray nozzles
SST Flat, 0.60 - 0.62” W.G. (149 Pa - 154 Pa)
4. High Early Embryo Mortali ty
PossibleCauses: •
Damper out of range >1.75 in. (4.45cm) for PT100 Controls or >1.5 in. (3.81 cm) for E/M Controls
PossibleCauses: •
Poor ventilation
•
Damaged gaskets
•
Curtain overlap
•
Poor external conditions
•
Improper setting
•
Incubator too hot
•
Motors running backwards
•
Insufficient humidification
Possible Solutions:
•
Poor air flow
•
See Internal Incubator Pressure for details
•
Transferring too late
•
Check gaskets, curtains
PossibleSolutions:
•
See Grouping of Eggs, page 17
•
See Damper Performance for details
•
Check motors
•
Check ventilation
•
Check spray nozzles
• Correct transfer time 22 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Chapter 6 - Specifications: Jamesway Incubators and Hatchers Systems usi ng PT-100 Contr ols Note: If the incubator is continually full, temperature settings should not be changed. When new settings of eggs are skipped, temperature settings are based on days of incubation for the oldest eggs in the incubator. Table 2: Big J Incubator Set Points Stage of Incubation
Temperature
Humidity
Days 1-10
99.9°F (37.72°C)
88.0°F (31.11°C)
Days 10 and 11
99.6°F (37.56°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Days 12 and 13
99.3°F (37.39°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Day 14
99.0°F (37.22°C) (winter)
86.0°F (30°C) (winter)
Normal Run
99.0°F (37.22°C) (summer)
86.0°F (30°C) (summer)
Table 3: Super J Incubation Set Points Stage of Incubation
Temperature
Humidity
Days 1-10
99.9°F (37.72°C)
88.0°F (31.11°C)
Days 10 and 11
99.6°F (37.56°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Days 12 and 13
99.2°F (37.33°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Day 14
98.8°F (37.11°C) (winter)
86.0°F (30°C) (winter)
Normal Run
98.8°F (37.11°C) (summer)
86.0°F (30°C) (summer)
Table 4: Super J &SST Incubation Set Points Stage of Incubation
Temperature
Humidity
Days 1-10
99.9°F (37.72°C)
88.0°F (31.11°C)
Days 10 and 11
99.6°F (37.56°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Days 12 and 13
99.2°F (37.33°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Day 14
98.6°F (37.11°C) (winter)
86.0°F (30°C) (winter)
Normal Run
98.6°F (37.11°C) (summer)
86.0°F (30°C) (summer)
Table 5: Big J/Super J Hatcher Set Points Stage of Incubation
Temperature
Humidity
Big J at Transfer
98.5°F (36.94°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Super J at Transfer
98.5°F (36.94°C)
86.0°F (30°C)
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 23
Systems wit h Electro -Mechanical Controls Note: Use start-up thermostats whenever the oldest eggs in the incubator have 14 days or less of incubation.
Table 6: Big J Thermostat Settings Stage of Incubation
Humidity
Low Temp.
High Temp.
Aux. Heat
Main Heat
Start-up
84-86-88°F
97.0°F
100.5°F
99.75°F
100.0°F
Day 1 – 14
29-30-31°C
36.11°C
38.06°C
37.64°C
37.78°C
PB1809
PB1812
PB1437
PB1435
PB1436
Normal Run
84-86-88°F
97.0°F
100.0°F
98.8°F
99.0 °F
Day 15 – 18
29-30-31°C
36.11°C
37.78°C
37.11°C
37.22°C
PB1809
PB1812
PB1436
PB1433
PB1434
Table 7: Super J Thermostat Settings Stage of Incubation
Humidity
Low Temp.
High Temp.
Aux. Heat
Main Heat
Start-up
84-86-88°F
97.0°F
100.5°F
99.75°F
100.0°F
Day 1 – 14
29-30-31°C
36.11°C
38.06°C
37.64°C
37.78°C
PB1809
PB1812
PB1437
PB1435
PB1436
Normal Run
84-86-88°F
97.0°F
100.0°F
98.6°F
98.8°F
Day 15 – 18
29-30-31°C
36.11°C
37.78°C
37.0°C
37.11°C
PB1809
PB1812
PB1436
PB3759
PB1433
Table 8: Big J/Super J Hatcher Thermostat Settings Day in Cycle
High Temp. Blower
Heat
Temp. Read.
Humidity
Hum. Read.
Big J
99.5°F
99.0°F
98.8°F
98 - 100°F
86.0°F
84 - 88°F
Day 18 – 21
37.5°C
37.22°C
37.11°C
36.67 - 37.78°C
30°C
29-31°C
PB1925
PB1434
PB1433
PB1923
PB1926
PB1924
Super J
99.5°F
98.8°F
98.6°F
98 - 100°F
86.0°F
84 - 88°F
Day 18 – 21
37.5
37.11°C
37°C
36.67-37.78°C
30°C
29-31°C
PB1925
PB1433
PB3759
PB1923
PB1926
PB1924
24 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Chapter 7 -Hatchery Maint enance Table 9 - Maintenance Schedule for Incubators and Hatchers
• Check all items below as scheduled. See the appropriate manual for additional information. • Assess their operating condition. Unsatisfactory conditions include: not operating correctly, excessive wear, damaged, dirty. Try to pick up on any potential problem. • Repair, replaceand/or clean items not in satisfactory condition. Items to be Checked PT-100 Controls 1. Calibration
Time
Manual Reference
Every 3 Months
PT100SMT Controls, page 86 See page 26, this manual, for proper placement of electro-therm.
2. Display Panel Check
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 64 – 2.
3. Control Box
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 64 – 3.
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 65 – 2.
1. Reservoir
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 60 – 1.
2. Wicking
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 60 – 2.
3. Clean
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 64 – 1.
1. Reservoir
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 60 – 1.
2. Wicking
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 60 – 2.
3. Clean
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 65 – 1.
1. Clean
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 60 – 3.
2. Position & Water Pan
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 60 – 4.
E/M Controls 1. Control Box & Info. Panel PT-100 Probe & Wicking
E/M Thermostats & Wicking
Spray Nozzles
3. Pressure
Chicken Operations Manual, page 54
4. Water Quality
See page 28 for specifications
Rubber Baffles & Gaskets 1. Aisle Doors
Weekly
Repair or replace if bent, twisted or damaged
2. Wall & Venturi
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 61 – 7.
3. Rack Baffle
Weekly
As above, leakage around wheel is normal
4. Threshold Gaskets
Weekly
Replace if torn or in poor condition
5. Doors & Latches
Weekly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 61 – 5. Continued
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 25
Table 9 - Maintenance Schedule for Incubators and Hatchers (continued) Items to be Checked Time Manual Reference Fan Motors 1. Vibration
Monthly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 63 – 1.
2. Motors
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 65 – 2.
3. Guards & Spacing
Every 3 Months
See page 27 for specifications
4. Blades
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 65 – 2.
5. Motor off Switches
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 65 –
1. Turning – Pre-load Check
Every Set
Chicken Operations Manual, page 62 – 8.
2. Check Track Level
Every 6 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 67 – 2.
3. Curtains Hung Correctly
Daily
Chicken Operations Manual, page 23 – 5.
1. Heat Rods
Monthly
Chicken Operations Manual, page 63 – 2.
2. Damper (Motor 5.5 to 6.0 RPM)
Every 3 Months
Chicken Operations Manual, page 66 – 4.
3. Intake Air Duct
Every Set
See below for attached for specifications
Incubator Racks
General
Position of PT100 temperature and humidity sensor. Exit end.
Shaft of electro-therm bends to fit into the space. Tip of the shaft slides into the plastic tube next to the temperature sensor.
Non-conductive probe Jamesway Part #HA1071
Temperature Sensor Electro-therm Shaft 1/4" Plastic Tubing Tape holds tubing together 3/8" Plastic Tubing
Illustration 5: Correct placement of the Electo-therm next to the PT100 Temperature and Humidity Sensor.
26 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Fan Blade Spacing and Motor RPM. The folowing illustration shows the fan spacing when the current motor mount PB4723 is used. Information on spacing for older motor mounts can be found on page 52 (Figure 93), of the Chicken Operations Manual. Note: If fan motors are repaired or rewound, it is recommended that revolutions per minute (RPM) be checked when the motors are reinstalled in an incubator. Use motors of similar RPM (± 2.5%) in each incubator. Do not mix low RPM motor with high RPM motors and vice versa.
The recorded value is the revolutions per minute of the motor or motors. The reading taken with strobe light should be within ±2.5% of RPM specified on motor nameplate.
Note: If the fan blade does not appear to be static, i.e., the mark appears, disappears, reappears, the strobe light flash rate may be set x2, x3, x4 …. (multiple of desired RPM) too high or too low. Adjust flash rate to RPM value on the nameplate.
Procedure for Checki ng RPM
J amesway suggests the use of a strobe light to check RPM, as no physical contact with the motor is required and all motors can be checkedat onetime. With practice the strobe light can also be used to identify fan blade defects. •
Venturi
Motor Mount PB4723
Check the RPM when the motor is under load, i.e., when incuba- Fan Blade tor is in normal operation and filled with eggs.
•
Plug strobe li ght into power source.
•
Stand in the entrance end of incubator.
•
Switch on strobe light and switch off incubator lights.
•
Adjust the strobe flash rate to a value similar to RPM marked on motor nameplate, e.g., M otor PB5146; 1625 rpm @60Hz; 1325 rpm @ 50 Hz.
•
Locking Flange Nut
Fine-tune until fan blades appear to stop. Focus on a blade that is easily identifiable (small scratch or mark) and ensure that its location does not change. If theblade in the chosen position appears to be static, record the strobe flash rate.
0.375" Between fan blades and motor mount for fan blades PB4351 (32˚ CW), and PB2825 (32˚ CCW). Motor
0.750" Between fan blades and motor mount for fan blades PB4133 (30˚ CW), PB4350 (26˚ CW), PB2823 (26˚ CCW) and PB4297 (30˚ CCW).
2.437" Note: The MB10513 spacer is not required with the new motor mounts.
Illustration 6: Correct spacing between fan blades and motor mount.
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 27
Spray Nozzles and Humid ity Water Quality
Spray Nozzle Conditi on
The spray nozzles in the Jamesway incubator provide both humidity and cooling. A system that uses spray nozzles to atomize water requires a good clean source of water (sediment free and minimal mineral content) to avoid excessive scale build up.
Both water pressure and nozzle condition affect droplet size and number, which in turn, affects how efficiently moisture is absorbed into the air.
Recommendations
1. Since most hatchery water supplies do not meet the criteria listed below, treat the water supply to the machines, using a reverse osmosis (RO) or other suitable water treatment system. 2. Separate the water supply to the incubators and hatchers from the water supply to the rest of the hatchery. 3. The pressure at the spray nozzle must be a minimum of 65 psig (5 bars) at all times. A booster pump may be necessary on the water line to ensure the minimum pressure is maintained. The systemmust be capable of providing each incubator with 2.7 gallons (10 litres) of water per hour and each hatcher with 1.5 gallons (5 litres) of water per hour. 4. Water supplied to theincubator and hatcher spray nozzles should meet the following characteristics: No sediments (a 10 micron filter is suggested) • TDS (Total DissolvedSolids) lessthan 10.0ppm (parts per million) • PH range of 6-8 • Hardness less than 2.0 ppm • No, iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide, or as close to 0.0 ppmas possible • Bacteria, zero (0) bacteria count (no detectable amount) • Dissolvedorganic compounds less than2.0 ppm Reducedmaintenance, cleaner machineinterior, minimal scale buildup, improved sanitation, longer equipment life and optimummachine performance are some of the benefits gained by investing in water quality.
28 Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Performance
Inevitably, some water droplets injected into the air streamaredepositedon surfaces or objects in theflow path. When water is laden with minerals, the solids are left behind as the water evaporates. Drip pans, rack tops, extrusions, panels and sensors quickly become encrusted with these deposits, and nozzles block. Not only is this unsightly, but cleaning becomes difficult, protective coatings rapidly diminish and corrosion is accelerated. Routine maintenance becomes unpleasant and machine performance is reduced. Low water pressure, partially blockednozzles, or poor spray pattern can result in uneven temperature distribution, measured at the exit end of the machine, e.g., top section temperature is highest while the bottom section is lowest. Maintain the spray nozzles to specifications for optimum performance. See Table 1 and Chicken Operations Manual, pages 54 and 60 for details.
Space Saver Intake Duct Mixingof incomingfreshair with re-circulating air is important to proper machine function. To ensure that fresh air is correctly mixed, an intake duct has been installed on the centre post between the entrance end doors. The duct includes an upper section attached to the roof and a lower section attached to the centre post. The lower portion is easily removable for cleaning purposes. Since the duct is not permanently attached and protrudesinto the entrance end slightly, care must betaken when loading eggs. •
Check the intake duct after setting eggs.
•
Make sure it is in the proper position.
•
Reposition if necessary.
Spacing between the intake duct and the centre post must be maintained at 5/8" [1.55 cm].
During routine maintenance: •
Check the spacing of the intake duct. The correct spacing is 5/8 inches [1.55 cm] and theduct should be parallel with the centre post on both sides.
•
Replace or repair damaged parts as required.
Illustration 6: Correct duct spacing for Space Saver cabinets.
Optimizing Multi Stage Incubator Preformance 29