CHEM 15 Fundamentals of Chemistry
Problem Set 1
A. Nature of Matter Matter Trace the progression from the formulation of a problem, to the establishment of a theory. 1. Differentiate between a theory and a law. 2. s it possible to predict how many many e!periments are re"uired to #erify #erify a law$ %!plain. 3. 'hat are the principal reasons why one theory might be adapted o#er a conflicting one$ &. )lassify each of the following properties as intensi#e or e!tensi#e* (. solubility #olume a. e. color combustibility b. f. boiling point malleability c. g. temperature melting point d. h. )lassify each of the following as pu re substance, homogeneous mi!ture or heterogeneous +. mi!ture* in gasoline lambanog a. d. g. air concrete mineral water b. e. h. blood fruit salad dry ice c. f. i. -.
.
0.
15.
)lassify each of the following changes as physical or chemical* change in color of pared potato e!posed to air a. burning of gasoline b. sparling of sapphire stone c. souring of mil d. ripening of mango e. sublimation of dry ice f. 'rite the chemical symbols of the following elements* gold copper a. e. sil#er cobalt b. f. soldium mercury c. g. iron manganese d. h. i#e the name of e ach of the following elements* e 4t a. e. r 4d b. f. Ne ' c. g. )r n d. h. upply the names of the following compounds* )s)l 7e+ a. f. N26( 4)l3 b. g. ))l& e)l3 c. h. 63 )r86 393 d. i. Mg :2)63 e. 2 /.
i. /. . l.
i. /. . l.
. l. m. n. o.
fluorine argon lead carbon b e As r : :6& :346& )a3846&92 )o)63
;. Atomic Atomic truc tructur ture e 'hich of the postulates forwarded by Dalton in his atomic theory are still considered #alid today$ 1. 'hat is the source of cathode rays in a discharge discharge tube$ 'hat is the e#idence that these these are 2. negati#ely charged particles %!plain why
General Chemistry and Chemical Education Division, nstitute of Chemistry, C!S, "P#$
CHEM 15 Fundamentals of Chemistry
Problem Set 1
41 ___ Ca
25
__ 29 Cu
3( (
1&5 2(
40
+.
-. .
0.
15.
11.
12.
13.
1&.
K
35
10
upply the nuclear charge, number of protons and number of electrons of each of the following* :g2> As3> a. d. 7e Mo2> b. e. 62? Au3> c. f. 'hat is the difference between mass number and atomic mass$ 'hat is the fre"uency of radiation whose wa#elength is* 13& cm 3-1 cm 1.- m a. b. c. The two naturally occurring isotopes of copper, +3)u and +()u, ha#e masses fo +2.020+ and +&.02- atomic mass units 8amu9 respecti#ely. The atomic mass of copper is +3.(&+ amu. )alculate the percentage of each isotope in a piece of copper. )alculate the atomic mass of chlorine using the following data* sotope Mass 8amu9 @ abundance )l?3( 3&.0-0 -(.-)l?33+.0+(0 2&.23 )omplete the following table by filling in the missing information uble#el Designation n l ml #alues B of orbitals in the suble#el 2s 3 2 &d (f +s 1
B of e? in the suble#el
'hich of the following is a legitimate set of n, l, m and s "uantum numbers$ a. & ?2 ?1 ?1C2 b. ( 3 & >1C2 c. + 5 5 1 d. 2 2 ?2 >1C2 e. 3 2 >2 ?1C2 f. 3 1 5 >1C2 :ow many electrons can be accommodated in each of the following types of subshells* s, p, d, f, g 'hich of the following set of orbitals is arranged in the order of increasing energy$ 3d&s&p(s&d a. 3d&s&p&d(s b. &d(s(p+s&f c. &d(p+s&f(d d. General Chemistry and Chemical Education Division, nstitute of Chemistry, C!S, "P#$
CHEM 15 Fundamentals of Chemistry &f(d+p-s(f &s3d&p&d(s
e. f.
1(.
Esing complete subshell notation 81s22s22p+ etc.9, predict the electronic configuration and orbital diagram of each of the following atom* a.
14 7
40
b.
18
c.
19
d. 1+.
Problem Set 1
40
%
e.
!r
f.
Ca
g.
51
&
h.
23
106 46
73 32
122 51
Pd
Ge
Sb
184
'
74
Name an atom and three ions with an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p+3s23p+ .
). Faws of )hemical )ombination 'hen an iron rusts, its mass increases. 'hen a match burns, its mass decreases. Do these 1. obser#ations #iolate the law of conser#ation of mass$ n one e!periment, 2.1 g sodium was allowed to react with 1+.2 g chlorine. All the sodium was 2. used up and (.(& g sodium chloride was produced. n a second e!periment, 2.15 g chlorine was allowed to react with 15.5 g sodium. All the chlorine was used up and 3.&+ g sodium chloride was produced. how that these results are consistent with the law of constant composition. The reaction between sodium and chlorine has the following e"uation* 2Na 8g9 3.
&.
> )l28g9
2 Na)l 8s9
n one e!periment, the burning of 5.312 g sulfur produced 5.+23 g sulfur dio!ide as the sole product. n a second e!periment, 5.&2 g sulfur dio!ide was obtained. 'hat mass of sulfur must ha#e been burned in the second e!periment$ ;y analysis, a compound of sulfur and o!ygen was found to ha#e a mass ratio of 2.5 sulfur to 3.5 o!ygen. :ow many grams of o!ygen are needed to react with 2+ g of sulfur$ a. n +5.5 g of compound, how many grams of o!ygen are there$ :ow many grams of sulfur$ b. :ow many g of the compound can be obtained from the reaction of 1( g each of sulfur and c. o!ygenC
D. The 4eriodic Table* 'hat factors affect the siGe of the atom$ Account for how each factor influence atomic siGe. 1. s it possible for two different atoms to be isoelectronic$ Two different cations$ Two different 2. anions$ A cation and an anion$ %!plain. 'hich of the following elements are representati#e elements, transition elements, inner 3. transition elements, halogens, alali metals and alaline earth metals$ )u, ;a,
General Chemistry and Chemical Education Division, nstitute of Chemistry, C!S, "P#$
CHEM 15 Fundamentals of Chemistry (.
+.
-. .
Problem Set 1
To what group of the main bloc 8representati#e9 elements would an element belong if its atom has 3 #alence electrons b. + #alence electrons c. #alence electrons a. Arrange the following in the e!pected order of increasing radius* ;r, Fi>, e, ? b. )a, ;a, r, Mg c. n,
0.
)hoose the species with the more e!othermic affinity. e or ;r a. Na or H b.
c. d.
4 or As 6 or
%. )hemical Arithmetic upply the missing information 8name or formula9 for each ion 1. Fead 89, IIIIIIIIIIIII :ydrogen carbonate , IIIIIIIIIII a. e. 2> IIIIIIIIIIIIII, ;a IIIIIIIIIIIIII, )o3> b. f. 4eriodate, IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII, )l62? c. g. old 89 IIIIIIIII )yanide IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII d. h. ? Name the binary compounds* a9 H;r b9 r)l c9 )l d9 N26& e9 4)l + 2. 2 3 Name the ternary compounds* a9 H)N b9 :)l6 c9 H6 3 3. 'rite the correct formulas of the compounds &. magnesium bromide barium o!ide iron 8iii9 o!alate a. c. e. strontium perchlorate mercury 89 acetate bromine pentafluoride b. d. f. )alculate the total number of* (. atoms in molecule of nitroglycerine, )3:+8N6393 a. atoms in 5.55152 mol )2:+ b. atoms in 12.(1 mol ) 2:;r)l3 c. Determine the mass in grams of 1 mol of * a9 N atoms b9 Na)l c9 ): & d9 6 2 e9 ) 2:(6: +. The amino acid methionine is essential in human diet. t has a molecular formula )(:11N62. -. Determine* a9 its molecular mass b9 the number of moles of : atoms or : atoms per mol of methionine c9 the number of grams of ) per mol methionine d9 the number of ) atoms in 0.5- mol of methionine Determine the number of moles of ;r 2 in a sample consisting of* . .5 ! 152- ;r 2 molecules a. 2.1- ! 152& ;r atoms b. 11.3 g of bromine gas c. 2.+( F bromine water 8dJ 3.1 gCmF9 d. Determine the mass percent : in the hydrocarbon decane )15:22 0. Determine the percent mass composition of the e lements in the anti malarial drug, "uinine, 15. )25:2&,N262. The food fla#or enhancer monosodium glutamate 8M9 has the composition 13.+@ Na, 3(.( @ 11. ), &. @ :, .3@ N 3-. @ 6 by mass. 'hat is the empirical formula of M$ A compound of ), :, and 6 nown as terephthalic acid is used in the manufacture of Dacron 12. 8polyethylene terephthalate9. ts molecular mass is 1++.1 u, and by combustion analysis, it is found to ha#e (-.3@ ) and 3.+&@ : by mass. 'hat is its empirical formula$ 'hat is the molecular formula of terephthalic acid$
General Chemistry and Chemical Education Division, nstitute of Chemistry, C!S, "P#$
