IB Chemistry – SL Topic 2 Questions 1.
Consider the composition of the species W, X, Y and Z below. Which Which species is an anion? Species
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
W
9
10
10
X
11
12
11
Y
12
12
12
Z
13
1
10
!.
W
".
X
C.
Y
#.
Z (Total 1 mark)
2.
$ner%& le'els for an electron in a h&dro%en atom are !.
e'enl& spaced.
".
far farther ther apar apartt nea nearr the the n(cl n(cle( e(s. s.
C.
clos closer er to%e to%eth ther er near near the the n(cl n(cle( e(s. s.
#.
arran%ed randoml&. l&. (Total 1 mark)
3.
Which is related to the n(mber of electrons in the o(ter main ener%& le'el of the elements from the al)ali metals to the halo%ens? *.
+ro(p n(mber
**.
eriod n( n(mber
!.
* onl&
".
** onl&
C.
"oth * and **
#.
-either * nor ** (Total 1 mark)
4.
ow do bond len%th and bond stren%th chan%e as the n(mber of bonds between two atoms Page 1 of 20
increases? Bond length
Bond strength
!.
*ncreases
increases
".
*ncreases
decreases
C.
#ecreases
increases
#.
#ecreases
decreases (Total 1 mark)
.
Which of the followin% is tr(e for C/ 2? !
" bond
!"2 molecule
!.
olar
nonpolar
".
nonpolar
polar
C.
olar
polar
#.
nonpolar
nonpolar
(Total 1 mark)
#.
he molar masses of C 2, C3/ and C3 are 'er& similar. ow do their boilin% points compare? !.
C2 4 C3/ 4 C3
".
C3 4 C3/ 4 C2
C.
C3/ 4 C 3 4 C2
#.
C2 4 C3 4 C3/ (Total 1 mark)
$.
What is the correct n(mber of each particle in a fl(oride ion,
19 5
?
protons
neutrons
electrons
!.
9
10
6
".
9
10
9
C.
9
10
10
#.
9
19
10 (Total 1 mark)
%.
Which statement is correct for the emission spectr(m of the h &dro%en atom? !.
he he lin lines es con' con'er er%e %e at lowe lowerr en ener%i er%ies es..
".
he lines lines are are prod( prod(ced ced when when elec electro trons ns mo'e mo'e from from lower lower to hi%her hi%her ener%& ener%& le'els le'els..
C.
he line liness in the 'isib 'isible le re%ion re%ion in'ol in'ol'e 'e elect electron ron tran transiti sitions ons into into the ener ener%& %& le'el le'el clos closest est to the n(cle(s.
#.
he line line corre correspo spondi ndin% n% to the the %reate %reatest st emissi emission on of ener ener%& %& is in the the (ltra' (ltra'iol iolet et re%ion re%ion..
Page 2 of 20
&.
Which is the correct description of polarit& in 2 and molec(les? !.
"oth "oth mole molec( c(le less con conta tain in a pol polar ar bond bond..
".
-eit -eithe herr mol molec ec(l (lee con conta tain inss a pol polar ar bond bond..
C.
"oth mo molec(les ar are po polar.
#.
/nl& /nl& one one of the the mole molec( c(le less is is pol polar ar.. (Total 1 mark)
1'.
Which t&pes of bondin% are present in C 3C/ in the li7(id state? *.
8in%le co'alent bondin%
**.
#o(ble co co'alent bo bondin% in%
***.
&d &dro% ro%en bondin% in%
!.
* and ** onl&
".
* and *** onl&
C.
** and *** onl&
#.
*, ** and *** (Total 1 mark)
11.
Which statements: is;are %enerall& tr(e abo(t the meltin% points of s(bstances? *.
**.
! comp compo(n o(nd d with with a low low meltin meltin% % point point is is less less 'olat 'olatile ile than than a compo( compo(nd nd with with a hi%h hi%h meltin% point.
***. ***.
he melti meltin% n% point point of a comp compo(n o(nd d is decrea decreased sed b& the the presen presence ce of imp(r imp(ritie ities. s.
!.
* onl&
".
* and *** onl&
C.
** and *** onl&
#.
*, ** and *** (Total 1 mark)
12.
ow man& 'alence electrons are present in an atom of an element with atomic n(mber 1? !.
2
".
C.
#.
6 (Total 1 mark)
Page 3 of 20
13.
9
>1
! certain sample of element Z element Z contains contains 0= of Z and and 0= of Z . What is the relati'e atomic mass of element Z element Z in in this sample? !.
9.2
".
9.6
C.
>0.0
#.
>0.2 (Total 1 mark) 9
?9
14.
What is the difference between two ne(tral atoms represented b& the s&mbols !.
he he n(m n(mbe berr of ne(tr e(tron onss onl onl& &.
".
he he n(m n(mber ber of of pro proto tons ns and and ele elect ctro rons ns onl onl& &.
C.
he he n(m n(mber ber of of pro proto tons ns and and ne( ne(tr tron onss onl& onl&..
#.
he he n(m n(mber ber of prot proton ons, s, ne(tr ne(tron onss and and elec electro trons ns..
2>
Co and
26
-i?
(Total 1 mark)
1.
ow man& electrons are there in one !.
10
".
12
C.
1
#.
22
2 @2 12 <%
ion?
(Total 1 mark)
1#.
he electron arran%ement of sodi(m is 2.6.1. ow man& occ(pied main electron ener%& le'els are there in an atom of sodi(m? !.
1
".
3
C.
10
#.
11 (Total 1 mark)
1$.
*nformation is %i'en abo(t fo(r different atomsA
Page 4 of 20
!tom
ne(trons
protons
W
22
16
X
16
20
Y
22
1
Z
20
16
Which to atoms are isotopes? !.
W and Y
".
W and Z
C.
X and Z
#.
X and Y (Total 1 mark)
1%.
Which statement is correct abo(t a line emission spectr(m? !.
$lectr $lectrons ons absorb absorb ener%& ener%& as the& the& mo'e mo'e from from low low to to hi%h hi%h ener%& ener%& le'els. le'els.
".
$lectr $lectrons ons absorb absorb ener%& ener%& as the& the& mo'e mo'e from from hi%h hi%h to low low ener ener%& %& le'els. le'els.
C.
$lectr $lectrons ons releas releasee ener% ener%& & as as the& the& mo'e mo'e from from low low to hi%h hi%h ener% ener%& & le'e le'els. ls.
#.
$lectr $lectrons ons releas releasee ener% ener%& & as as the& the& mo'e mo'e from from hi%h hi%h to low low ener ener%& %& le'els. le'els. (Total 1 mark)
1&.
ow man& ne(trons are there in the ion !.
6
".
10
C.
1
#.
20
16
25
/ ?
(Total 1 mark)
2'.
What is the electron arran%ement of silicon? !.
2.
".
2.6
C.
2.6.
#.
2.6.6 (Total 1 mark)
21.
Which statement is correct abo(t the isotopes of an element?
Page 5 of 20
!.
he& he& ha'e ha'e the the sam samee mas masss n(m n(mb ber
".
he& he& ha'e ha'e the the sam samee ele elect ctro ron n arr arran an%e %em ment ent
C.
he& he& ha'e ha'e more more prot proton onss tha than n ne( ne(tr tron onss
#.
he& he& ha' ha'ee the the sam samee n(mb n(mber erss of prot proton onss and and ne( ne(tr tron onss (Total 1 mark)
22.
What is the difference between two ne(tral atoms represented b& the s&mbols !.
he he n(m n(mbe berr of ne(tr e(tron onss onl onl& &.
".
he he n(m n(mber ber of of pro proto tons ns and and ele elect ctro rons ns onl onl& &.
C.
he he n(m n(mber ber of of pro proto tons ns and and ne( ne(tr tron onss onl& onl&..
#.
he he n(m n(mber ber of prot proton ons, s, ne(tr ne(tron onss and and elec electro trons ns..
210
210
84
85
o and
!t?
(Total 1 mark)
23.
Which statements are correct for the emission spectr(m of the h&dro%en atom? *.
he he lin lines es con'e on'err%e at at low lower er ener ener% %ies ies.
**.
$lectr $lectron on tran transiti sition on to to n B1 B1 are are respo responsib nsible le for for line liness in the D re%ion re%ion..
***.
Eines are prod(ced prod(ced when when electr electrons ons mo'e mo'e from from hi%her hi%her to lower ener%& ener%& le'els. le'els.
!.
* and ** onl&
".
* and *** onl&
C.
** and *** onl&
#.
*, ** and *** (Total 1 mark)
24.
What is the s&mbol for a species that contains 1 protons, 1 ne(trons and 16 electrons? !. ". C. #.
31 1
8
31 1
83
31 1?
31 1?
3
−
−
−
(Total 1 mark)
Page 6 of 20
2.
3@
What is the electron arran%ement of an !l ion? !.
2, 6
".
2, 3
C.
2, 6, 3
#.
2, 6, 6 (Total 1 mark)
2#.
What will happen to the 'ol(me of a fiFed mass of %as if the press(re and the Gel'in temperat(re are both do(bled? !.
*t will ill remain the same ame.
".
*t will will be do(b do(ble le its its ini initi tial al 'ol( 'ol(me me..
C.
*t will will be one oneha half lf its its ini initi tial al 'ol( 'ol(m me.
#.
*t will will be fo(r fo(r time timess its its ini initi tial al 'ol( 'ol(m me. (Total 1 mark)
2$.
Which species has electrons and 2 protons? !. ". C. #.
126 2− 2 e
132 2+ ? Xe
132 2− ? Xe
126 2+ 2 e
(Total 1 mark)
2%.
What is the correct se7(ence for the processes occ(rrin% in a mass spectrometer? !.
'apo 'apori riHa Hati tion on,, ioniH ioniHat atio ion, n, acce accele lera ratio tion, n, def defle lecti ction on
".
'apo 'apori riHa Hati tion on,, accel acceler erat ation ion,, ioniH ioniHat atio ion, n, def defle lecti ction on
C.
ioni ioniHa Hatio tion, n, 'ap 'apor oriH iHat atio ion, n, acce accele lera ratio tion, n, def defle lecti ction on
#.
ioni ioniHa Hatio tion, n, 'apo 'apori riHa Hatio tion, n, defl deflec ecti tion on,, accel acceler erati ation on (Total 1 mark)
2&.
he percenta%e composition b& mass of a h&drocarbon is C B 6.= and B 1.=. a:
Calc(l Calc(late ate the empiri empirical cal form(l form(laa of of the h&dro h&drocar carbon bon.. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. Page 7 of 20
(2)
b:
! 1.00 1.00 % samp sample le of the the h&dro h&drocar carbon bon at at a temper temperat( at(re re of 2>3 2>3 G and and a press( press(re re of
3
1.01I10 a 1.00 atm: has a 'ol(me of 0.399 dm . i: i:
Calc Calc(l (lat atee the the molar molar mass mass of the the h& h&droc drocar arbo bon. n. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................. ... ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................. ... ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................. ... ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................. ... (2)
ii: ii:
#ed(ce #ed(ce the molec( molec(lar lar form( form(la la of the h&droc h&drocarb arbon. on.
(1) (Total marks) 1?
3'.
8tate the n(mber of protons, electrons and ne(trons in the ion
>
35
- .
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ (Total 2 marks)
31.
! sample of %ermani(m is anal&sed in a mass spectrometer. he first and last processes in mass spectrometr& are 'aporiHation and detection. a: a:
i: i:
8tate 8tate the the nam names es of the the oth other er thre threee pro proce cesse ssess in in the the ord order er in whic which h the& the& occ( occ(rr in in a mass spectrometer. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. (2)
ii: ii:
or each each of of the proc process esses es named named in in a: i:, i:, o(tl o(tline ine how how the the proces processs occ(rs occ(rs.. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ ..
Page 8 of 20
......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. (3)
b:
he sample sample of of %erma %ermani(m ni(m is fo(n fo(nd d to ha' ha'ee the follow followin% in% compos compositi itionA onA >0
*sotope Kelati'e ab(ndance ; i:
+e
%
22.0
>2
>
+e
>
+e
2.
+e
3.>3
1.22
#efine the term relative atomic mass. mass. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. (2)
ii: ii:
Calc(l Calc(late ate the the relati'e relati'e atom atomic ic mass mass of this this sample sample of %erm %ermani( ani(m, m, %i'in %i'in% % &o(r &o(r answer to two decimal places. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. (2) (Total & marks)
32.
#efine the followin% terms. i:
atomic number .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ (1)
ii:
mass number .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ (1) (Total 2 marks)
33.
8tate the electron arran%ements of the followin% speciesA 8i .............................................................. ............................................................................................ ............................................................ ............................................ ..............
35
.......................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................ ................................................ .................. (Total 2 marks)
34.
*dentif& the n(mbers of protons, ne(trons and electrons in the species
33 25
8 .
........................................................... ......................................................................................... ............................................................ ..................................................... ....................... Page 9 of 20
........................................................... ......................................................................................... ............................................................ ..................................................... ....................... (Total 1 mark)
3.
8tate the electron arran%ement for atoms of al(mini(m, nitro%en and fl(orine. (Total 2 marks)
3#.
he relati'e atomic mass of chlorine is 3.. Calc(late the percenta%e ab(ndance of the two isotopes of chlorine,
3
Cl and
3>
Cl in a sample of chlorine %as. (Total 2 marks)
3$.
a:
#escri #escribe be the the follow followin% in% sta% sta%es es in the the opera operation tion of the the mass mass spectro spectrome meter ter.. i:
ioniHation (2)
ii:
deflection (2)
iii:
acceler leration (1)
b:
i:
8tate the meanin% of the term isotopes of isotopes of an element. (1)
ii: ii:
Calc(l Calc(late ate the the perce percenta nta%e %e ab(nd ab(ndanc ancee of the the two isot isotope opess of r(bid r(bidi(m i(m
6
Kb and
6>
Kb. (2)
iii:
8tate to ph&sical properties that wo(ld differ for each of the r(bidi(m isotopes. (1) 3@
i': i':
#eterm #etermine ine the the f(ll f(ll electro electron n confi% confi%(ra (ration tion of of an atom atom of 8i, 8i, an e ion and a ion.
35
(3) (Total 12 marks)
3%.
-at(rall& occ(rrin% copper has a relati'e relati'e atomic mass, A Ar :, of 3. and consists of two isotopes i:
3
C( and
C(.
#efine th the te term relative atomic mass, mass , Ar . .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ (1)
Page 10 of 20
ii: ii:
8tate 8tate and and eFplai eFplain n whic which h is the more more ab(n ab(ndan dantt isoto isotope. pe. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ (1) (Total 2 marks)
3&.
he element 'anadi(m has two isotopes, a :
0 23
D
and
?1 23 D,
and a relati'e atomic mass of 0.9.
#efine th the te term isotope. isotope. JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. (1)
b:
8tate 8tate the the n(m n(mber ber of proton protons, s, elec electro trons ns and and ne(t ne(tron ronss in
?0 23 D.
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. (2)
c: c:
8tate 8tate and and eFpl eFplain ain whi which ch is the the mor moree ab(nd ab(ndan antt isoto isotope pe.. JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. (1)
d:
8tate 8tate the the name name and the mass mass n(mb n(mber er of of the the isotop isotopee relat relati'e i'e to to which which all atomic masses are meas(red. JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ. (1) (Total marks)
4'.
a:
8tate 8tate a ph& ph&sica sicall proper propert& t& that that is differ different ent for for isoto isotopes pes of of an elem element ent.. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. (1)
b: b:
3
3>
Chlo Chlori rine ne eFis eFists ts as as two two isot isotop opes es,, Cl and Cl. he relati'e atomic mass of chlorine is 3.. Calc(late the percenta%e ab(ndance of each isotope. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. .............
Page 11 of of 20
.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. (2) (Total 3 marks)
41.
a :
#efine th the te term isotope. isotope. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. (2)
b:
! sample sample of ar%on ar%on eFists eFists as a miFt(r miFt(ree of of three three isotop isotopes. es. mass n(mber 3, relati'e ab(ndance 0.33>= mass n(mber 36, relati'e ab(ndance 0.030= mass n(mber 0, relati'e ab(ndance 99.= Calc(late the relati'e atomic mass of ar%on. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. (2)
c:
8tate 8tate the the n(m n(mber ber of elec electro trons, ns, proton protonss and and ne(tr ne(tron onss in the ion
3@
e .
electronsA ............................. protonsA ............................. ne(tronsA ........................... ........................... (2) (Total # marks)
42.
he element bromine eFists as the isotopes >9.90. a:
>9
61
"r and
"r, and has a relati'e atomic mass of
Complete Complete the follow followin% in% table table to show show the the n(mbers n(mbers of s(bat s(batomic omic particles particles in in the the species species shown. an atom of
>9
"r
an ion of
61
protons ne(trons electrons (3)
b: b:
8tate 8tate and and eFpl eFplain ain whic which h of the the two two iso isoto tope pess bromine.
>9
"r and
5
"r
61
"r is more common in the element
.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................... ........... .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................... ........... (1)
Page 12 of 20
c:
he elem element ent calc calci(m i(m is is in the the same same period period of of the eri eriodi odicc ab able le as brom bromine ine.. i: i:
Write Wr ite the the ele electr ctron on arr arran an%em %emen entt for for an atom atom of cal calci ci(m (m.. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. (1)
ii: ii:
#ed(ce #ed(ce the form(la form(la of the compo( compo(nd nd calci(m calci(m bromid bromide. e. ......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................. ................................ .. (1) (Total # marks)
43.
8ome 'aporiHed ma%nesi(m is introd(ced into a mass spectrometer. /ne of the ions that reaches the detector is a:
2
@
<% .
*denti *dentif& f& the the n(mb n(mber er of of proto protons, ns, ne(tro ne(trons ns and and elect electron ronss in the
2
@
<% ion.
.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ (1)
b:
8tate 8tate how how this this ion is acce acceler lerated ated in the the mass mass spec spectro trome meter ter.. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ (1)
c :
2
2@
he <% ion is also detected in this mass spectrometer b& chan%in% the ma%netic field. #ed(ce and eFplain, b& reference to the m/z 'al(es 'al(es of these two ions of ma%nesi(m, which of the ions
2
2@
<% and
2
@
<% is detected (sin% a stron%er ma%netic field.
.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ (2) (Total 4 marks)
44.
a:
Eist Eist the follow followin% in% t&p t&pes es of electrom electroma%n a%neti eticc radiati radiation on in in order order of increasing wa'elen%th shortest first:. .
Yellow li%ht
.
Ked li%ht
.
*nfrared radiation
*. *.
ltra'iolet radiation Page 13 of 20
.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. (1)
b:
#istin% #istin%(ish (ish betwee between n a contin contin(o( (o(ss spectr( spectr(m m and and a line line spect spectr(m r(m.. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. (1)
c:
he thinnin thinnin% % of the oHone oHone la&er increases increases the the amo(nt amo(nt of of D" D" radiation radiation that that reaches reaches the the $arthLs s(rface. T+pe of ,adiation
-aelength / nm
D!
3205360
D"
2905320
"ased on the information in the table abo'e eFplain wh& wh & D" D" ra&s are more dan%ero(s than D!. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. (3) (Total marks)
Page 14 of 20
IB Chemistry – SL Topic 2 Answers Answer s 1.
! 01
2.
" 01
3.
! 01
4.
C 01
.
! 01
#.
# 01
$.
C 01
%.
# 01
&.
# 01
1'.
! 01
11.
" 01
12.
C 01
13.
" 01
14.
# 01
1.
! 01
1#.
" 01
1$.
" 01
1%.
# 01
1&.
" 01
Page 15 of 20
2'.
C 01
21.
" 01
22.
# 01
23.
C 01
24.
# 01
2.
! 01
2#.
! 01
2$.
! 01
2%.
! 01
2&.
a :
6?. A 1. mole ra ratio CA CA B 12 .01 1.01 B >.13A.3M No penalty for using integer atomic masses. empirical form(la is
C 2 M
2 D K
b:
i:
=
n(mber of moles of %as n B
1.01 × 10 2 )a 0.399 dm 3 :M mass M molar mass 6.31 N 2>3 G: mol G M
1.00 % 0.01> mol B .3 % mol 51:
2
", mass of the molar 'ol(me 22. dm 3 molar mass is the at 8M
1.00 × 22. 51 B 0.399 B .1 % mol : Accept answers in range 56.0 to 56.3. Accept two, tree or or four significant figures. ii:
C6M No !"#. !"#.
1 0
3'.
> protons, 6 ne(trons, 10 electronsM Awar$ Awar$ [2] for tree correct correct an$ [1] for two correct.
2 02
31.
a :
i:
ioniHation, acceleration, deflection;separationM Awar$ Awar$ [1] for for all tree names an$ [1] for for correct or$er.
2
Page 16 of 20
Awar$ Awar$ [1] for for two names in correct or$er. ii: ii:
ioniHa ioniHation tionAA sample sample bomb bombard arded ed with with hi%h hi%hene ener%& r%& or hi%h hi%hsp speed eed electrons;%&''! electrons;%&''! M accelerationA electric field;oppositel& char%ed platesM deflectionA electro:ma%net;ma%netic fieldM
b: b:
i: i:
a'er a'era% a%ee or or we wei% i%ht hted ed:: mea mean n of of mas masse sess of of all all isot isotop opes es of an elem elemen entM tM 12
relati'e to one atom of: CM (ot mar)s available from a suitable suitable e*pression. ii:
3
2
Ar B >0 ×0.220: @ >2 ×0.2: @ > ×0.3>3: @ > ×0.122:M B >2.69M No oter final answer acceptable.
2
Awar$ Awar$ [2] for for correct final answer. 0&
32.
i:
n(mber of protons in the n(cle(s;atomM +o not accept protons protons an$ electrons.
1
ii:
n(mber of protons and ne(trons in the n(cle(s;atomM
1 02
33.
8i
2.6.;2,6,M
3−
2.6.6;2,6,6M
2 02
34.
1 protons and 1> ne(trons and 16 electronsM
1 01
3.
!l − 2,6,3M - − 2,M − 2, 2,>M
2 Awar$ Awar$ [2] for for tree correct, [1] for for two or one correct. Accept correct configuration using using s,p,$ notation. 02
3? * + 3>100 − *: 3#.
100
Ar Cl: B 3. B 3
Cl B >>.= and
M
3>
Cl B 22.=M
2 02
3$.
a :
i:
to prod(ce positi'el& char%ed ionsM b& the bombardment of fast fast mo'in% electronsM
ii: ii:
2
ma%net ma%netic ic field field at ri%h ri%htt an%les an%les to to path path of of ions;ac ions;accep ceptt s(itab s(itabl& l& labelled dia%ramM mo'es ions in c(r'e path;deflects ionsM Page 17 of 20
b: b:
dependent on mass;char%e ratioM Awar$ Awar$ [1] eac eac for any points.
2
iii iii::
acce accele lera rati tion on of the the ions ions b& elec electr tric ic fiel field; d;to towa ward rdss ne%a ne%ati ti'e 'e plat plate; e;ca cath thod odeM eM
1
i: i:
atom atomss wit with h the the sam same n(m n(mbe berr of of prot proton ons; s;po posi siti ti'e 'e char char% %es;a es;ato tom mic n(mber b(t different n(mber of ne(trons;mass n(mberM
1
6? * + 6> 100 − *:
ii:
M 100 Ar Kb: B 6.> B Accept oter vali$ matematical alternatives. 6
Kb B >. and
iii iii::
6>
Kb B 23.=M
2
massM assM dens densit it& &M boilin% pointM meltin% pointM rate of diff(sion in the %as phaseM enthalp& of 'aporiHationM enthalp& of f(sionM rate of reaction in the %as;li7(id phaseM Any two for one mar)
i':
2
2
2
1
2
8iA 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p M 3@
2
2
2
e A 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d M 3−
2
2
2
A 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p M Allow [1 max] for for 3 correct abbreviate$ structures using noble gas symbols.
3
1 3%.
i: i:
ii:
rati ratio o of a'er a'era% a%ee mas masss of of an an atom atom to 12 the mass of C12 isotope; a'era%e mass of an atom on a scale where one atom of C12 has a mass of 12;s(m of the wei%hted a'era%e mass of isotopes of an ele ment compared to C12;%&''! C12;%&''! M Awar$ Awar$ no mar) if -element is use$ in place of -atom 3
C( more ab(ndant: since A since Ar C(: is closer in mass to 3M !*planation nee$e$ for mar)
1
1 02
3&.
a:
b:
atom of same same element; element;sam samee n(mber n(mber of prot protons ons b(t with with diff differe erent nt mass n(mber;n(mber of ne(tronsM protons electrons
1
23 23 Page 18 of 20
ne(trons
?1
D
2> 'ree correct [2] , two correct [1] .
c:
23
d:
carbon, 12 12; CM
2
;1 nearer to A to Ar 'a 'al(e of 0.9M
1
12
1 0
4'.
a:
b:
mass;de mass;densi nsit& t&;for ;for %asesA %asesA rate rate of eff( eff(sio sion n or diff diff(si (sion;m on;melti eltin% n% point point;; boilin% point +o not accept mass number. number.
1
3
if Cl B * B *,, then * B * B 3.00: @ 1 5 * 5 *:: 3>.00 B 3. Awar$ Awar$ [1] for for set up. therefore, * therefore, * B 0.>>M 3
2
3>
Cl B >>.= and Cl B 22.=M nee$ bot for mar)1 03
41.
a:
b: b: c :
atoms atoms of the the same same elem element ent;sam ;samee n(mber n(mber of prot protons ons;sam ;samee atomic atomic n(mber n(mberMM ha'in% different n(mbers of ne(trons;different mass n(mber:M Awar$ Awar$ only [1] ma* if reference ma$e to elements but not atoms.
2
3 × 0.33> + 36 × 0.030 + 0 × 99. 100 rela relatti'e i'e atom tomic mass ass B M
2
23 el electronsM 2 protonsM 30 ne(tronsM Awar$ Awar$ [2] for tree correct, correct, [1] for two correct.
2 0#
42.
a: an atom of
>9
"r
an ion of
61
5
"r
protons
3
3
M
ne(trons
M
electrons
3
3
M 3
b:
>9
c :
i:
2,6,6,2;2.6.6.2M
ii:
Ca"r2 M
"r beca(se A beca(se Ar is closer to >9;%&''! >9; %&''! M
1 1 1 0#
43.
a :
12 protons and 13 ne(trons and 11 electronsM
1
b:
electr electric ic field;o field;oppo pposite sitel& l& char% char%ed ed plate plates;po s;poten tentia tiall differ differenc ence; e;%&''! %&''! M
1
c:
2
@
<% M
Page 19 of 20
%reater m/z 'al(e;less 'al(e;less hi%hl& char%ed ions need stron%er fields to deflect them;%&''! them; %&''! M +o not accept greater greater mass wit no reference reference to carge, or greater mass an$ smaller carge. carge.
2
04
44.
a :
b:
c: c:
*D 4 * 4 ** 4 ***; (ltra 'iolet radiation 4 &ellow li%ht 4 red li%ht 4 infrared radiationM
1
! conti contin(o n(o(s (s spectr spectr(m (m has all all colo(rs colo(rs;wa' ;wa'elen elen%th %ths;f s;fre7 re7(en (encie ciess whereas whereas a line spectr(m has onl& lines of: sharp;discrete;specific colo(rs; wa'elen%ths;fre7(enciesM
1
D D" rad radia iatio tion n has has shor shorter ter wa'e wa'ele len% n%th thMM hence, has hi%her ener%&M increases ris) of dama%e to s)in cells;/W$;ca(ses cancerM
3 0
Page 20 of 20