Charcoal as a Primary Agent For An Alternative Printer Ink

Charcoal as a Primary Agent For
An Alternative Printer Ink

Thesis presented to the High School Faculty of
Sacred Heart Academy of Pasig

In partial fulfillment in
English 10 and Science 10

Researchers:
ARMSTRONG, Alexandra Emilia L.
AZARCON, Lynce A.
BUENAVENTURA, Michael Themis DP.
GELLA, Kyla Alexia J.
LLANTO, Vincent Lennuel B.
ORJE, Jullie Anne Pearl T.
ROQUE, Third Mitchel V.

Research Advisers:
Ms. Franny G. Sandoval
Mr. Romeo J. Dolor Jr.

S.Y 2015-2016

Abstract

Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Introduction
Inks are found in almost every aspect of the human activity like reading newspapers, magazines and books every day. We make piles of photocopies and print a lot of pages from our computer. But nowadays, ink could be quite expensive which could be a problem for teachers, students and office workers to supply ink. With the infinite use of the ink from printers, we may not know that printer inks have a limitation.
Almost every product has been commercialized and people find for products that are natural and cheaper instead. Everybody needs ink for their printer especially office workers. Typically, some inks could be harmful to the users and the environment. Nowadays many people are using a high class gadget like computer to make their work easier and faster, printers are one of the gadgets that help us in completing our work.
Printers have been one of our essentials in our lives. Without it, we wouldn't be able to make hard copies of our works and without ink, the printer is useless and we wouldn't be able to make use out of it.
Background of the Study
Individuals spend a lot of money just to buy and to avail ink for their printers. Some commercial inks can actually harm the environment because of the toxic chemicals that it contains when it is thrown away. This research aims to find out if charcoal can be used to create printer ink. This will not only save the environment but lessen the purchasing of expensive refills.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to:
Make use of the charcoal to make it as a printer ink.
Provide a new alternative for printer ink.
Have individuals save extra money for printer ink.
To be able to compare the made charcoal ink with the commercial ink bought in stores.

Conceptual FrameworkConceptual Framework
Conceptual Framework
Conceptual Framework

This study discusses the procedures and the outcome of the product
OUTPUT Printer ink from Charcoal. OUTPUT Printer ink from Charcoal. INPUTTo make a successful Printer ink from CharcoalContribute benefits to the community & environmentInfluence others to use &/or implement our research INPUTTo make a successful Printer ink from CharcoalContribute benefits to the community & environmentInfluence others to use &/or implement our research PROCESS Pounding Mixing Straining PROCESS Pounding Mixing Straining
OUTPUT
Printer ink from Charcoal.

OUTPUT
Printer ink from Charcoal.

INPUT
To make a successful Printer ink from Charcoal
Contribute benefits to the community & environment
Influence others to use &/or implement our research

INPUT
To make a successful Printer ink from Charcoal
Contribute benefits to the community & environment
Influence others to use &/or implement our research

PROCESS
Pounding
Mixing
Straining

PROCESS
Pounding
Mixing
Straining

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK

Figure no. 1 The Conceptual Framework of the research

Hypotheses
If we use Charcoal, then we can produce an alternative source for a printer ink.
If we used/burned charcoal from the grill, then we can use its ashes to make a printer ink.
If we run out of printer ink, then we can use charcoal for a refill ink.
If we have extra charcoal and happen to not have anymore use from it, then we can use it to make a printer ink.
Scope and Limitations
This research study will focus on the production of ink out of charcoal. It only comes up with the use of only the charcoal and other needed products like cooking oil, vinegar, alcohol and salt for the research. Basically, charcoal is the only primary thing to be used in making the said product.
Significance of the Study
This study encourages to give importance on the things we don't always use that could be in use to make an alternative source of ink. This study will be beneficial to:
Students
Students won't have to spend a lot of money anymore just to avail refillable ink for their school works or projects. This experiment will also help them to develop new products for ink.
Entrepreneurs
This may be another choice for them to challenge and develop another source of income for this and that it could encourage future entrepreneurs to use this to make a worldwide product.
Teachers
Teachers won't have to spend much money to avail refillable ink since they use printers most of the time to make reviewers, letters and lesson plans.
Community
This would help the community to look for an alternative source of ink for different things and purposes.
Environment
It will help make use of the charcoal instead of throwing the excess ashes after grilling instead of spreading the ashes in the air.
Future Researchers
For those who will be inspired in studying further of our research and may this also serve as their motivation to do more research for future references.

Definition of Terms
Alternative- another reliable source
Briquette- the blocks of charcoal
Charcoal- the main ingredient for the study
Glyceride -
Ink – The product that will be made
Mortar and Pestle – One of the tools to make the ink
Oil-Miscible - A solvent added to the ink made by Venise Cruz
Petroleum -

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This study will focus on the use of the charcoal ashes as an alternative source of ink for printer ink. This section covers the information about charcoal and its uses as an ink. With the help of the sources used from the past researchers and the information collected by them.
Local Literature
In the Webster's Dictionary, charcoal is defined as "The black porous residue obtained by the destructive distillation of animal or vegetable matter in a limited supply of air, the carbonaceous material obtained by heating an organic substance, as wood, in the absence of air." In fact charcoal can be produced from a range of synthetic materials, such as polymers, as well as from natural sources. There are different types of charcoal like the lump charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, sawdust charcoal, Japanese charcoal. Charcoal has been used since the earliest times for many purposes like art and medicine. Charcoal has been the traditional fuel of blacksmith's forge and other applications where an intense heat is required.
Local Study
(Feasibility of Charcoal and Used Engine Oil as an alternative for whiteboard marker, Venise Cruz 2014) This study was conducted in order to determine the feasibility of charcoal and used engine oil as an alternative raw material for whiteboard printer ink production. The methods used in this study involve the pulverization of charcoal, which served as the main pigment source, and the filtration of the used engine oil that served as the vehicle of the ink. Also, an oil-miscible solvent was added to the ink solution to reduce its viscosity. Different formulations were determined and experimented by mixing all ingredients such as charcoal, used engine oil and the oil-miscible solvent. The different prepared ink formulations were tested on a whiteboard using empty whiteboard cartridges. The two experimented printer inks had different color intensity with each other and with the commercialized ink. The research findings showed that charcoal, used engine oil and cooking oil can be used as an alternative whiteboard printer ink.
Foreign Literature
Charcoal was used by artists' long time ago, throughout the cave paintings found; they used charcoal and other materials. When the caves were first discovered, researchers were fascinated by the cave paintings, it was very well preserved. Charcoal has remained as a popular medium for artists especially in the Renaissance period but only a few were relatively permanent. Methods were developed during the 16th century to make use of charcoal as material for drawing and to make it last longer.
Foreign Study
Indian ink, or also called the Chinese ink was first invented in China. Indian ink is made out of mainly charcoal and different substances, like honey, gum and water, the mixture becomes sticky that is why it is able to stay on for a while. In the modern time, it is still in used for writing, lettering, painting books and comic strips, but commonly used for painting in some countries of Asia and Europe. Indian ink was also used for tattoos in the highland provinces in China. This was used in the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. India ink is one of the oldest and most durable pigments of all time.

Chapter 3
Methodology

This chapter consists of the list of ingredients and tools to make the charcoal ink. This chapter will focus on the procedure on how charcoal will be used as an ingredient for printer ink. Experimental research is a collection of research designs to determine the effects on the variable to another.

Materials

Quantity

Appearance
Charcoal
4 briquettes

Vinegar
1 teaspoon

Alcohol
1 teaspoon

Salt
1 teaspoon

Cooking Oil
2 drops

Figure no. 2 Materials and ingredients for making charcoal

List of Tools

Mortar and Pestle

Syringe

Empty printer cartridge

2 teaspoons

1 tablespoon

Bowl

Funnel

Strainer

Figure no. 3 The tools needed to make charcoal ink

Procedure of the study
Figure no. 4 Pounded CharcoalFigure no. 4 Pounded CharcoalThe charcoal was pounded to smaller pieces with a little added water to make it easier to pound.
Figure no. 4 Pounded Charcoal
Figure no. 4 Pounded Charcoal
Cooking oil, Vinegar, alcohol and salt was added to the pounded charcoal.
Figure no. 5 Vinegar was added

The mixture was mixed and pounded once more to get the liquid texture.

Figure no. 6 The mixture was all mixed

A strainer was used to remove the excess pieces.

Figure no. 7 Strained charcoal

The excess pieces from the strainer was scraped with a spoon.

Figure no. 8 The strained pieces

The funnel and bottle was prepared.

Figure no. 9 The funnel placed on the bottleFigure no. 9 The funnel placed on the bottle
Figure no. 9 The funnel placed on the bottle
Figure no. 9 The funnel placed on the bottle

The ink was put kept in a bottle.

Figure no. 10 The ink kept in a bottleFigure no. 10 The ink kept in a bottle
Figure no. 10 The ink kept in a bottle
Figure no. 10 The ink kept in a bottle
Sample
Charcoal
Alcohol
Vinegar
Oil
Salt
Outcome

A

2 medium pieces

1 tsp

1 tsp

2 drops

1 pinch
Has a faded effect on the words printed but still visible

B

2 medium pieces

1 tbsp

1 tbsp

3 drops

2 pinches
Some words were a bit darker than the other words but still visible

C

2 medium pieces

1 tbsp

1 tsp

2 drops

1 pinch
The result was similar to sample A

D

2 medium pieces

1 tsp

1 tbsp

2 drops

1 pinch
Some of the words had a stripe effect but still visible

E

2 medium pieces

1 tsp

1 tsp

3 drops

1 pinch
Some of the words had stripe effects and most of the words were faded but still a little visible
Figure no. 11 The proportions of the measurements testedFigure no. 11 The proportions of the measurements tested
Figure no. 11 The proportions of the measurements tested
Figure no. 11 The proportions of the measurements tested

PICTURES OF SAMPLES

Figure no. 12 Sample A Figure no. 13 Sample B

Figure no. 14 Sample C Figure no. 15 Sample D

Figure no. 16 Sample E
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter discusses the results of the made charcoal ink. The tables will determine the effectiveness and qualities of the made charcoal ink.

Type of paper

Pigmentation

Texture

Smell
Bond Paper
light black
stripe-effect
odorless
Oslo
a little vivid
stripe-effect
odorless
Eggshell
vivid
less stripe-effect
odorless
Figure no. 17a Testing of Ink on various types of paper

Figure no. 18 Bond Paper Figure no. 19 Oslo Paper Figure no. 20 Eggshell

The ink was more vivid on thick papers such as Eggshell and Oslo papers but was less vivid on thinner papers such as Bond paper. It had no odor on the selected papers, although the printer wasn't able to fill in the whole word properly, thus the "stripe-effect". To conclude, we can say that the ink holds onto thicker papers more than they do on thin papers.

Charcoal Ink

Commercial Ink
Color/Pigmentation
Grayish
Black
Vividness
Light
Dark
Toxicity
Organic (inedible)
Toxic
Smell
Less Odor
Very Strong Odor
Price Range
4.25-84.25 php
350.00 php
Availability of materials
Raw, Easy to find
N.A.
Figure no. 21b Qualities of Charcoal-made ink compared to Commercial ink

The qualities that can be found in a printer ink was used to compare the charcoal ink from the commercial ink. The charcoal ink turns out to be grayish in color, lightly vivid, non-toxic, odorless, a lot cheaper, and easier to find than the commercial ink. Although the commercial ink has darker properties than the charcoal ink has, the commercial ink unfortunately has high toxicity, a strong odor, and is pricier. In conclusion, the charcoal ink tops off the commercial ink in smell and price, yet it needs improvement on its pigmentation and vividness.

Figure no. 22 Sample B
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

Summary
The study attempted to determine the effectiveness of Charcoal as the primary agent for making printer ink. The made charcoal ink still had small particles in it but still had the liquid form. The ink was tested on different papers and different measurements of the other ingredients added to make the charcoal ink to find the effectiveness. The ink stayed on the paper and was evenly distributed to each letter in the word, no sign of wet parts when printed.
Conclusion
It is possible to make ink out of charcoal but the words are not consistently dark like the commercial ink. The small particles may have been the problem in not turning out fully black. The inks tested on different papers have differences and the different measurements also have a slight difference compared to the other samples made.
Recommendation
The researchers recommend finding a solution to make the charcoal ink darker and to lessen the charcoal particles.

Curriculum Vitae

ALEXANDRA EMILIA L. ARMSTRONG
Cluster 9-4c Cambridge Village East Bank Rd.
Brgy San Andres, Cainta Rizal
Contact no. 09478676122 Email: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

ACHIEVEMENTS

LYNCE A. AZARCON
L1 B1 Guijo St. Cor. Yemane St.
Ph3 B3 Greenwoods Executive Village,
Cainta Rizal


ACHIEVEMENTS

MICHAEL THEMIS DP. BUENAVENTURA
28 Quigue St. Villa Susana Caniogan, Pasig City


ACHIEVEMENTS

KYLA ALEXIA J. GELLA
F-06 Crisanta Villas Basel St. Mercedes Executive
Village, Mercedes Avenue San Miguel
Pasig


ACHIEVEMENTS

VINCENT LENNUEL B. LLANTO
875 Labanos St. Napico Manggahan,
Pasig City
Contact no. Email: [email protected]


ACHIEVEMENTS

JULLIE ANNE PEARL T. ORJE
Phoenix Heights Condo 4F Canley Road
Bagong ilog, Pasig City


ACHIEVEMENTS

THIRD MITCHEL V. ROQUE
87-B Banag St. Pineda, Pasig City


ACHIEVEMENTS

Approval Sheet
This thesis titled "Charcoal as a Primary Agent for an Alternative Printer Ink" prepared and submitted by Alexandra Armstrong, Kyla Gella, Michael Buenaventura, Lynce Azarcon, Jullie Orje, Third Roque and Vincent Llanto in partial fulfillment of the requirements in English 10 and Science 10 has been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for the oral examination.

Mr. Romeo J. Dolor Jr. and Mrs. Franissa G. Sandoval
Thesis Advisers

Panel of Examiners

Mr. Neil Michael J. Lomibao
Chairman

Mr. Ramil Miguel Uminga Mrs. Valerie G. Alinas Ms. Evelyn F. Paway
Member Member Member

Engr. Jerrick Elbert L. Virrey Mr. Francis Paul Adrian S. Ayson
Member Member

Ms. Mabel H. De Jesus
Date Principal

Charcoal as a Primary Agent For An Alternative Printer Ink

Recommend Documents