Chapter 8.4 Key Issues

The Cultural Landscape by Rubenstein Chapter 8: Political Political Geography

Key Issue 4:Why Do States Cooperate and Compete with Each Other? Pages 286-295 1.

Why Why iis s the the ide idea a of of two two supe superp rpow ower ers s a relat elativ ivel ely y new new one? one?  Prior Prior to WW! there there were were 8 grea greatt powers powers that "ade te"porar te"porary y allianc alliances es

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$e%ne balance of power :  &'ual &'ual streng strength th betwee between n oppo opposin sing g alli allianc ances es

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$escribe the purpose of NATO.  )ilitary )ilitary allia alliance nce of of 1* de"ocrati de"ocratic c states states to preven preventt +oviet +oviet ,nion ,nion fro" fro" overrunning s"aller countries  $escribe th the pu purpose of of th the fo for"er  Warsaw act/ countries.  0he treaty treaty signed signed in 1-2 1-2 by by 8 states states that for"ed for"ed an an allianc alliance e of the &astern &uropean countries behind the !ron Curtain  When was the European !nion "E!# for"ed?  128

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2. *.

3y what states?  3elgiu"4 3elgiu"4 5rance4 rance4 6u7e" 6u7e"bour bourg4 g4 the the etherlan etherlands4 ds4 !taly !taly 9 West Ger"a Ger"any ny

.

5or what purpose?  $esigned $esigned to heal/ heal/ ;reb ;rebuild uild<< Weste Western rn &ur &urope ope econo"i econo"ically cally after after WW!! WW!!

8.

What What are are so" so"e e i"p i"por orta tant nt chan change ges s in in rec recen entt yea years rs? ?  Re"oved e"oved barrier barriers s to free free trade= trade= !ntro !ntroduct duction ion of of &uro &uro as co""on co""on curr currency= ency= Created &urope as world>s wealthiest "aret

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3rie@y e7plain the Euro$one Crisis.  All count countries ries in &uro &urope pe went went to one curr currency ency to co"pete co"pete with the ,+4 ,+4 but but soon the value was lost

1B.

Co"ple Co"plete te the the chart chart on nota notable ble non non"i "ilit litary ary %e&iona' (em)ers Or&ani$ation OSCE "Or&ani$ation 2* "e"bers including on Security and "ost of &urope4 Cooperation in Daahstan and several Europe# other states in Central Asia4 Canada and ,+

regi regiona onall organ organia iatio tions. ns. urpose

OAS "Or&ani$ation o* American States#

Pro"otes social4 cultural4 political 9 econo"ic lins a"ong "e"bers Pro"oting ec econo"ic integration in Africa

A! "A*rican !nion#

All (2 western he"isphere states e7cept Cuba 2( Af African co countries

Erganiation for +ecurity and Cooperation in &urope and is concerned with early warning4 con@ict prevention4 crisis "anage"ent and postcon@ict rehabilitation.

The Cultural Landscape by Rubenstein Chapter 8: Political Political Geography

The Commonwea'th

,nited Dingdo" 9 2# other states once under 3ritish control

&cono"ic 9 cultural cooperation

11.

3y de%nition4 what is terrorism? terrorism?  +yste"ati +yste"atic c use use of violence violence by a group group against against civilians civilians to achieve achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening govern"ents into changing policies

1#.. 1#

6ist 6ist typi typica call "et "etho hods dsFac Facts ts of terr terror oris ists ts..  +pread +pread of of fear fear through through:: bo"bing4 bo"bing4 idnappi idnapping4 ng4 hiac hiacing ing44 taing taing hostag hostages4 es4 assassination4 assassination4 etc.

1.

Why Why is terr terror oris is" " diHe diHerrent ent fro" fro" oth other er act acts s of of poli politi tica call viol violen ence ce? ?  Attacs Attacs are are ai"ed ai"ed at ordina ordinary ry peopl people e instead instead of "ilita "ilitary ry targe targets ts or political leaders

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6ist so"e places places in in which which A"ericans A"ericans were were attac attaced ed by by terro terrorists rists in the the late late th st #B  century and early #1  century.  1( World 0rade Center= Center= 12 12 Elaho Elaho"a "a City City bo"bing bo"bing== 18 18 ,.+. ,.+. e"bassies in Denya 9 0anania

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!denti !dentify fy each each of of the the follo followin wing g ter"s ter"s as as they they rela relate te to the the terr terrori orist st organiation organiation nown as AlIaeda. a. Esa" Esa"a a bin bin6a 6ade den: n:  5ounde 5ounderr of AlIaeda AlIaeda which which was respons responsible ible for +ept. +ept. 114 #BB1 attacs attacs b. Afgha fghani nist stan an::  3in6aden 3in6aden>s >s place place of resid residence ence where where he supporte supported d %ght %ght against against +oviet +oviet gov>t in 18Bs and returned in 1Bs c. Je"en e"en 9 +o" +o"al alia ia::  Wher Where e bin6a bin6aden den inst instiga igated ted atta attacs cs agai against nst ,.+. ,.+. tro troops ops d. the the bas base/: e/:  0he fou founda ndatio tion n/= ano anothe therr na"e na"e for AlIaed AlIaeda a e. fatwa: fatwa:  Religious eligious decr decree ee that that )usli"s )usli"s had a duty to to wage wage a holy holy war against against ,.+. ,.+. citiens

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!n what what ways ways does does AlIaed AlIaeda4 a4 its its reli religio gious us and and poli politic tical al views views44 and and its "ethods pose a challenge to )usli"s?  Kow to e7pr e7press ess disagre disagree"ent e"ents s with with ,.+. ,.+. gov>t gov>t polic policies ies yet yet renoun renounce ce terroris" !n what what ways ways does does AlIaed AlIaeda4 a4 its its reli religio gious us and and poli politic tical al views views44 and and its "ethods pose a challenge to A"ericans?

The Cultural Landscape by Rubenstein Chapter 8: Political Political Geography 

Ability Ability to to disting distinguish uish diHerence diHerence between between peacef peaceful ul but but unfa"i unfa"iliar liar pract practices ices 9 principles of )usli"s 9 abuse of !sla" by terrorists

 1.

18.

6ist three ways in which states ;particularly in the )iddle &ast in recent decades< have given support to terrorists.  +anctuary +anctuary44 +upply +upplying ing Weapon Weapons4 s4 Plann Planning ing attacs attacs using using terr terroris orists ts ote ote in which which of the the abov above e ways ways each each of the the foll follow owing ing states states has supported terroris" and then brie@y describe it. State Type o* Support +rie* Summary o* Issues

A*&hanistan

Provid ovided ed +anc +ancttuar uary

0aliba liban n shel heltered ered bin6 in6a aden den 9 AlIaeda

+anctuary

+heltered bin6aden

Ira-

+upp upplyi lying Wea Weap pons ons

3elie elieff by by ,.+ ,.+.. th that they they were ere cr creati eating ng weapons of "ass destruction

Iran

Provided +a +anctuary

3elieved by by ,. ,.+. to to ha have ha harbored "e"bers of AlIaeda

Planning attacs using terrorists

 6ibyan gov>t sponsored sponsored bo"bing of Ger"an nightclub  6ibyans planted bo"bs that illed people on Pan A" @ight over +cotland 9 ,0A @ight over iger

a,istan

.i)ya