Rizal’s departure was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars
Ø
The kind Jesuit priests gave him letters of recommendations to members of their Society in Barcelona. Rizal departed on ay !" #$$% boarded the Salvadora with the following route& anila ' Singapore ' (olombo ' through the Suez (anal ' )aples and arseiles ' Barcelona. Ø
*nly +ncle ,ntonio Rivera" -aciano" and his sisters" and some close friends knew of his departure. Ø
Ø Ø Ø
-aciano gave him -//" Saturnina gave him a diamond ring ,n allowance of -!0 per month was promised by -aciano -aciano through +ncle ,ntonio Rizal used a passport named Jose ercado
TO SINGAPORE Ø
1uring his voyage he observed the people and things around him and compared them with those in the -hilippines. Ø
2e was the only 3ilipino on board.
Ø
Rizal saw Singapore and was impressed by its progress and beautiful sights
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2e admired the confidence of the natives of Singapore with their government
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Rizal stayed at 2otel de -az for his two day stop over at Singapore.
Ø
2e transferred to 14emnah" a 3rench steamer bound to 5urope.
Ø
14emnah was larger and cleaner than the Salvadora
Ø
2e tried to speak french
,fter a week he reached -oint de 6alle" that afternoon they sailed sailed and docked at (olombo (eylon Ø
Ø
The steamer crossed the 7ndian *cean to (afe 6uardafui in ,frica. The trip was difficult because of a stormy weather. Rizal was sea sick
*n June % he arrived at the terminal of Suez (anal" en4oyed and was thrilled by the historic waterway Ø
Ø
14emnah proceeded to 5urope. June ##" Rizal reached )aples.
This 7talian (ity pleased him because of its business activity" its lively people" and its panoramic beauty Ø
Ø
)ight of June #%" the steamer docked at the 3rench harbor of arsielles
2e visited the (hateau d’7f" where 1antes" the hero in The (ount of onte (risto was imprisoned. Ø
Ø
2e stayed three days in arseilles" en4oying every day of his so4ourn
IN BARCELONA Ø Ø
,t arseilles" Rizal took the train to Barcelona Rizal reached his destination ' Barcelona on June #8" #$$%.
Rizal found Barcelona to be a great city. 9ith an atmosphere of freedom and liberalism" and its people were open:hearted" hospitable and courageous. Ø
Ø
The 3ilipinos in Barcelona" some of whom were his schoolmates in ,teneo" welcomed Rizal. They threw a party for Rizal at their favorite caf; in -laza de (atalina. Ø
7n Barcelona" Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled <,mor -atrio= >?ove of (ountry@.
Ø
2e wrote this essay on the reAuest of his friend" Basilio Teodoro oran" publisher of the first bilingual newspaper in anila" the Diariong Tagalog on ,ugust %/" #$$%. >Spanish and Tagalog@ Ø
2e wrote this essay using the pen name ?aong ?aan.
Ø
The essay caused Auite a stir among the readers in the -hilippines.
RIZAL IN MADRID Ø Ø
Rizal received a sad news about the cholera that was ravaging anila and the provinces.
*n a letter he received from -aciano dated September #0" #$$%" the (alamba folks were having afternoon novenas and nocturnal procession" praying to 6od to stop the dreadful epidemic
,nother sad news he received was from (hengoy >Jose . (ecilio@ telling how ?eonor Rivera was getting thinner because of the absence of a love one Ø
Ø
+pon -aciano’s advise" Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of #$$% and established himself in adrid" the capital of Spain. ,t adrid he enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid >(entral +niversity of adrid@ on )ovember !" #$$% Ø
Ø
There he took two courses& Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.
,side from his studies" Rizal also took painting and sculpture at the ,cademy of 3ine ,rts of San (arlos Ø
Ø
Rizal also took private lessons in 3rench" 6erman" and 5nglish
Rizal led a Spartan life in adrid. 2e lived frugally" spending his money only on food" clothing" lodging" and books. Ø
Ø
2is only
2e spends his leisure time reading and writing at his boarding house" attending reunions with fellow 3ilipino students and practicing fencing and shooting. Ø
1uring Rizal’s stay in adrid" he would freAuently visit the home of 1on -ablo *rtiga y Rey who lived with his son Rafael and daughter (onsuelo. Ø
Ø
1on -ablo was a former city mayor of anila during the administration of the liberal governor general (arlos a. 1e la Torre. Rizal was attracted by (onsuelo’s beauty and vivacity. ,s he made a poem entitled A La Senorita C.O. y P. to eCpress his admiration for her. Ø
Ø
Rizal" however" backed out from his romance with (onsuelo because
Ø
>#@ he was still engaged with ?eonor Rivera and
>%@ his friend and co:worker in the -ropaganda ovement" 5duardo de ?ete was madly in love with (onsuelo. Ø
Ø
Shortly after arriving in adrid in #$$%" Rizal 4oined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino" a society of liberal Spaniards and 3ilipinos. ,s a member of this society Rizal wrote a poem entitled < Me Piden Versos= >They ask me for Verses@ Ø
RIZAL JOINED MASONRY 3reemasonry or the asons" were a secret society composed of liberal and republican Spaniards in Spain. ,mongst them were prominent and intellectual Spaniards. Ø
Ø
The Spanish asons openly and freely criticized the government policies and particularly lambasted the friars. Ø
7n arch #$$!" Rizal 4oined the asonic lodge called Acacia in adrid. 2is asonic name was 1imasalang Ø
?ater he transferred to ?odge Solidaridad where he became a aster ason.
Ø
Rizal 4oined 3reemasonry to secure their aid in the fight against the 3riars in the -hilippines.
Ø
,mongst the prominent members of the asons" included" Miguel Morayta" statesman and professor Francisco Pi y Margal" 4ournalist and former -resident of the short:lived 3irst Spanish Republic Manuel ecerra" inister of +ltramar !milio "unoy " 4ournalist and member of the Spanish (ortes and "uan #orilla" parliamentarian and head of the Republican -rogressive -arty. Ø
Two reasons why he became a ason& •
•
The bad friars in the -hilippines unworthy of their priestly habit or calling 2e needed the help of the asons to fight the bad friars in the -hilippines. >it was a shield to use in his fight against the evil forces of tyranny@
RIZAL'S ADMIRATION TO LUNA AND HIDALGO Ø
)ational 5Cposition of 3ine ,rts in adrid : #$$D
The 3ilipino community in Spain sponsored a banAuet to celebrate the double victory of the 3ilipino artist in the )ational 5Cposition of 3ine ,rts in adrid. Ø
Ø
Juan ?una" with his Spoliarium won the first prize.
Ø
3eliC Resurreccion 2idalgo won the second prize with his Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace Rizal in his speech" saluted ?una and 2idalgo as two glories for Spain and the -hilippines" whose artistic achievements transcended geographical frontiers and racial origins. Ø
Ø
7n Rizal’s speech" he said genius is universal.
<6enius knows no country" genius sprouts everwhere" genius is like light" air" the patrimony of everybody" cosmopolitan like space" like life" like 6od.=
RIZAL DEFENDS THESIS FOR A PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS DEGREE Ø
The academic year #$$D:#$$0 Rizal passed all sub4ects leading to the degree of 1octor of edicine. Ø
Rizal completed his medical course in Spain. 2e was awarded the 1egree of ?icentiate in edicine by the +niversidad (entral de adrid on June %#" #$$D. Ø
The neCt academic year >#$$D:$0@ he studied and passed all sub4ects leading to the 1egree of 1octor of edicine. 2owever" he was not awarded his 1octors 1iploma because he did not present his thesis nor paid the corresponding fees Ø
Rizal also finished his studies in -hilosophy and ?etters and was awarded the degree on June #E" #$$0" his %D th birthday. Ø
By obtaining a degree in -hilosophy and ?etters" Rizal became Aualified to be a professor of humanities in any Spanish university. 2e did not bother to secure the post:graduate degree of 1octor of edicine because it was also good only for teaching. Ø
Rizal knew" however" that with his brown color and ,sian racial ancestry no friar:owned university or college in the -hilippines would accept him in its faculty staff. Ø
